RELIABILITY reliability talked about the efficiency of the bus scheme.

The bus scheme

with a higher efficiency was the priority to take for the betterment of the system to supply the
consumers of the client a good service and to avoid a high cost of maintenance.

4.1 Trade-offs
This trade-off allowed us to determine the bus schemes that will fit the criteria and
importance of the project to satisfy the clients and for the betterment of the consumers of the
client with a less cost and economical as well as environment aspects of the bus schemes.
Trade-off and constraints was the reliable way in choosing the right bus schemes for the
project.
Kirkwood and Sarin quantitative method was used for the tradeoff for the bus schemes
in choosing the best and that will fit for the criteria of the project. 2 was the highest importance
and 1 was the lowest importance. Using the formula:

( )
= |
|
( )

= Criterion Rank, p = Base Value

(Kirkwood and Sarin 1980, Reversed Exponential Family Scoring Function)

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Ranking Scale
For this project, Material Cost ranked 2 for the importance in the criteria then,
Reliability of the system follow with a ranked of 1 in the criterion of importance. These
Constraints helped the project in selecting the best bus scheme for the project.

In this reverse exponential family ranking method the highest score was the winner
of the trade-off, Based on Kirkwood and Sarin Engineering approach of computing the ranking
score.

Table 4.1 Material Cost

Single Bus
Equipment Cost

Bus schemes
Double Bus,
Breaker and
Double Breaker
a Half

144905014.3 145726773.4

223417978.6

Main and
Transfer
149428942.5

Note; all the price are subjected to change (see appendix for more information)

Table 4.2 Reliability

Single Bus

Failure Rate of Bus

Schemes

3.53

Bus schemes
Double Bus,
Breaker and
Double Breaker
a Half

0.70

0.56

Main and
Transfer

3.26

Reference; Reliability of Substation Configurations, Daniel Nack, Iowa State University,

2005
17

Table 4.3 Summary of Trade-offs for Configuration Scheme

Bus schemes
Criterion
Breaker
Main
Single
Double Bus, Double
Importance
and a
and
Bus
Breaker
Scale
Half
Transfer
Material Cost
Reliability
Overall Ranked

0.9908

0.9227

0.9535

0.0921

2.9351

1.9375

After the design constraints and trade-offs held with a helped of standard and using the reverse
exponential family ranking method the table showed that double bus, double breaker system
got the highest score among the others. The double bus, double breaker system was the final
design. Because, Double bus, double breaker system met the requirements and criteria of the
project.

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STANDARDS:
Article 2.15 - Feeders, 2.15.1.2 Minimum Rating and Sizes, 2009 Philippine Electrical
code, Part 1 Volume 1
Article 2.50.10 - Grounding of Systems and Circuits of 1kV and Over (High Voltage) , 2009
Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1 Volume 1
IEC 60076-8 Power Transformer Application Guide
IEC 60694 Common specifications for high - voltage switchgear and control gear standards
IEC 60228 Conductors of Insulated Cables
Table 4.50.1.3 (a) maximum rating or setting of Overcurrent protection for transformers
over 600V (as a percent of transformer rated current) , Philippine Electrical Code, Part 1
Volume 1

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