Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Trigonometry
Trigonometric Ratios
Exact Values & Triangles
Trigonometric Identities
ASTC Rule
Trigonometric Graphs
Sine & Cosine Rules
Area of a Triangle
Trigonometric Equations
Sums and Differences of angles
Double Angles
Triple Angles
Half Angles
T – formula
Subsidiary Angle formula
General Solutions of Trigonometric Equations
Radians
Arcs, Sectors, Segments
Trigonometric Limits
Differentiation of Trigonometric Functions
Integration of Trigonometric Functions
Integration of sin2x and cos2x
INVERSE TRIGNOMETRY
Inverse Sin – Graph, Domain, Range, Properties
Inverse Cos – Graph, Domain, Range, Properties
Inverse Tan – Graph, Domain, Range, Properties
Differentiation of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Integration of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Trigonometric Ratios
θ
hypotenuse hypotenuse
opposite
adjacent
θ
adjacent opposite
opposite
Sine sin = hypotenuse
adjacent
Cosine cos = hypotenuse
opposite
Tangent tan = adjacent
1 hypotenuse
Cosecant cosec = sin
= opposite
1 hypotenuse
Secant sec = cos
= adjacent
1 adjacent
Cotangent cot = tan
= opposite
sin cos
tan cot
cos sin
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
30°
1
2 2
3
45° 60°
1 1
sec 1
2
3 2 2 –– –1
1
cot –– 3 3 1 0 ––
Trigonometric Identities
sin 2 cos 2 =1
cos
2
= 1 sin 2
sin 2 = 1 cos 2
1 cot 2 = cosec2
cot 2 = cosec2 – 1
1 = cosec2 – cot 2
tan 2 1= sec 2
tan =
2
sec 2 1
1 = sec 2 tan 2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
ASTC Rule
90°
2nd Quadrant 1st Quadrant
S A
180° 0
360
3rd Quadrant T C 4th Quadrant
270°
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Trigonometric Graphs
b c
C B
a
Cosine Rule:
a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
b c
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a
Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Area of a Triangle
A 12 ab sin C C is the angle
a & b are the two adjacent sides
b a
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Trigonometric Equations
Check the domain eg. 0 360
Check degrees ( 0 360 ) or radians ( 0 2 )
If double angle, go 2 revolutions
If triple angle, go 3 revolutions, etc…
If half angles, go half or one revolution (safe side)
Example 1
Solve sin θ = 1
2 for 0 360
sin = 12
= 30°, 150°
Example 2
Solve cos 2θ = 1
2 for 0 360
cos 2 = 12
2 = 60°, 300°, 420°, 660°
= 30°, 150°, 210°, 330°
Example 3
Solve tan 2 = 1 for 0 360
tan 2 = 1
2 = 45°, 225°
= 90°
Example 4
sin 2 cos 0
2 sin cos cos =0
cos 2 sin 1 = 0
cos =0 sin = 12
= 90°, = 210°,
270° 330°
Example 5
3 sin cos 2 2
3 sin 1 2 sin 2 = –2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
2 sin 2 3 sin 1 =0
2 sin 1 sin 1 =0
sin = 12 sin = –1
= 210°, = 270°
330°
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Double Angles
sin 2 = 2 sin cos
tan 2 2 tan
= 1 2 tan 2
sin 2 = 12 1 cos 2
cos 2 = 12 1 cos 2
Triple Angles
sin 3 = 3 sin 4 sin 3
cos 3 = 4 cos3 3 cos
3 tan tan 3
tan 3 = 1 3 tan 2
Half Angles
sin = 2 sin 2 cos 2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
tan 2 tan 2
= 1 2 tan 2 2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
cos 3 = cos 2
= cos 2 cos sin 2 sin
= 2 cos2 1 cos 2 sin cos sin
= 2 cos3 cos 2 sin 2 cos
= 2 cos3 cos 21 cos2 cos
= 2 cos2 cos 2 cos 2 cos3
= 4 cos3 3 cos
tan 3 = tan 2
tan 2 tan
= 1 tan 2 tan
2 tan
1 tan 2
tan
=
1 2 tan tan
1 tan 2
2 tan tan tan 3
1 tan 2
= 1 tan 2 2 tan 2
1 tan 2
3 tan tan 3
= 1 3 tan 2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
T – Formulae
Let t = tan 2
2t
sin = 1 t2
1 t2
cos = 1 t2
2t
tan = 1 t2
2 sin 2 cos 2
cos 2 2
=
cos 2 2 sin 2 2
Divide top and bottom by
cos 2 2 cos 2
2 tan 2
= 1 tan 2 2
2t
= 1 t2 cos ’ cancel; sin
cos becomes tan
1 tan 2 2
= 1 tan 2 2
1 t2
= 1 t2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
a = R cos x a2 = R 2 cos 2 x
b = R sin x b2 = R 2 sin 2 x
a 2 b2
sin 2 x cos 2 x 1 = R2
b
R a 2 b2 tan
a
Example 1
Find x. 3 sin x cos x 1
1
R = 3 2
12 tan = 3
= 4 = 30°
=2
2 sin( x 30)=1
sin( x 30) = 12
x 30 = 30°, 150°
x = 60°, 180°
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Radians
c = 180°
c
1° = 180
θ r
Area of Sector
A = 12 r 2
θ r
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Area of Segment
A = 12 r 2 sin
Segment
θ
r
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
Trigonometric Limits
sin x tan x lim cos x
lim
x 0 x
= lim
x0 x
= x 0 =1
d
sin(ax b)
dx = a cos(ax b)
d
cos x
dx = sin x
d
cos f ( x)
dx = f ' ( x ) sin f ( x )
d
cos(ax b)
dx = a sin( ax b)
d
tan x
dx = sec 2 x
d
tan f ( x)
dx = f ' ( x) sec 2 f ( x )
d
tan(ax b)
dx = a sec 2 (ax b)
d
sec x
dx = sec x. tan x
d
cos ecx
dx = cot x. cos ecx
d
cot x
dx = cos ec 2 x
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
1
cos ax dx = a
sin ax c
1
sin ax dx =
a
cos ax c
1
sec dx = tan ax c
2
ax
a
1 x
a x2 2 dx = sin 1 c
a
1 x x
a x2 2 dx = cos 1 c __OR__ sin 1 c
a
a
1 1 x
a 2
x2
dx = a
tan 1 c
a
1
cos ec dx = cot ax c
2
ax
a
1
sec ax. tan ax dx = a
sec ax c
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
= 12 12 sin 2 x x C
= 14 sin 2 x 12 x C
cos
2
x dx = 14 sin 2 x 12 x C
cos 2 x = 1 sin 2 x
2 sin 2 x = 1 cos 2 x
sin 2 x = 12 1 cos 2 x
sin dx = 1 cos 2 x dx
2
x 1
2
= 12 x 12 sin 2 x C
= 12 x 14 sin 2 x C
sin
2
x dx = 12 x 14 sin 2 x C
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
INVERSE TRIGNOMETRY
Inverse Sin – Graph, Domain, Range, Properties
y
1 x 1
2
x
y
-2 2 2 2
2
sin 1 ( x ) sin 1 x
0 y
2
x
-1 0 1
cos 1 ( x ) cos 1 x
x
y
2 2
tan 1 ( x) tan 1 x
2
-2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
d
dx
sin 1 x
a
=
1
a2 x2
d
dx
sin 1 f ( x ) =
f ' ( x)
1 [ f ( x )]2
d
dx
cos 1 x =
1
1 x2
d
dx
cos 1 x
a
=
1
a2 x2
d
dx
cos 1 f ( x) =
f ' ( x)
1 [ f ( x)]2
d
tan 1 x =
1
dx 1 x2
d
tan 1 x
a
=
a
dx a x2
2
d
tan 1 f ( x) =
f ' ( x)
dx a [ f ( x)]2
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Maths Extension 1 – Trigonometry
1 x
a x2 2 dx = sin 1 c
a
1 x x
a x2 2 dx = cos 1 c __OR__ sin 1 c
a a
1 1 x
a 2
x2
dx = a
tan 1 c
a
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