I HC HU

TRNG I HC KHOA HC

Tiu lun mn nh gi Hiu nng Mng:

nh gi hiu nng mng MPLS-TE s dng

phn mm m phng Opnet

Ngi thc hin: DNG C HNG

Kha nm: 2013 2015
Gio vin ging dy: PGS.TS. V THANH T

Mc lc
1.

Gii thiu ......................................................................................................................... 3

2.

Cc khi nim.................................................................................................................. 4

3.

4.

2.1.

nh tuyn IP truyn thng: ................................................................................ 4

2.2.

Chuyn mch nhn MPLS ................................................................................... 5

2.3.

K thut lu lng mng MPLS-TE................................................................... 6

Topology m phng....................................................................................................... 8
3.1.

Kch bn ch c giao thc nh tuyn IGP ....................................................... 10

3.2.

Kch bn khi c MPLS-TE .................................................................................. 14

Kt lun .......................................................................................................................... 20

Ti liu tham kho ................................................................................................................. 20

1. Gii thiu:
im thnh cng ca Internet ch cc cng ngh ca Internet c
trin khai v pht trin theo nhu cu ca th trng. Internet khng a ra cc
tiu chun theo kiu Recommendation nh ca ITU-T m a ra cc RFC
(Request For Comments) vi mc ch cng b cc gii php cng ngh t
c v thu thp nhng ng gp thm nhm hon thin, pht trin sn
phm ch khng bt buc phi tun th.
Khi mng Internet pht trin v m rng, lu lng Internet bng n.
Cc ISP x l bng cch tng dung lng cc kt ni v nng cp router
nhng vn khng trnh khi nghn mch. L do l cc giao thc nh tuyn
thng hng lu lng vo cng mt s cc kt ni nht nh dn n kt
ni ny b qu ti trong khi mt s ti nguyn khc khng c s dng. y
l tnh trng phn b ti khng ng u v s dng lng ph ti nguyn
mng Internet.
Vo thp nin 90, cc ISP pht trin mng ca h theo m hnh chng
lp (overlay) bng cch a ra giao thc IP over ATM. ATM l cng ngh
connection-oriented, thit lp cc knh o (Virtual Circuit), tuyn o (Virtual
Path) to thnh mt mng logic nm trn mng vt l gip nh tuyn, phn
b ti ng u trn ton mng. Tuy nhin, IP v ATM l hai cng ngh hon
ton khc nhau, c thit k cho nhng mi trng mng khc nhau, khc
nhau v giao thc, cch nh a ch, nh tuyn, bo hiu, phn b ti
nguyn.... Khi cc ISP cng m rng mng theo hng IP over ATM, h cng
nhn ra nhc im ca m hnh ny, l s phc tp ca mng li do
phi duy tr hot ng ca hai h thng thit b. S bng n ca mng
Internet dn ti xu hng hi t cc mng vin thng khc nh mng thoi,
truyn hnh da trn Internet, giao thc IP tr thnh giao thc ch o trong
lnh vc mng. Xu hng ca cc ISP l thit k v s dng cc router chuyn
dng, dung lng chuyn ti ln, h tr cc gii php tch hp, chuyn mch
a lp cho mng trc Internet.

Nhu cu cp thit trong bi cnh ny l phi ra i mt cng ngh lai

c kh nng kt hp nhng c im tt ca chuyn mch knh ATM v
chuyn mch gi IP. Cng ngh MPLS ra i trong bi cnh ny p ng
c nhu cu ca th trng ng theo tiu ch pht trin ca Internet
mang li nhng li ch thit thc, nh du mt bc pht trin mi ca
mng Internet trc xu th tch hp cng ngh thng tin v vin thng (ICT Information Communication Technology) trong thi k mi.
2. Cc khi nim
2.1.

nh tuyn IP truyn thng

Trong nh tuyn IP truyn thng, bng nh tuyn c xy dng bi

tt c cc router trong mng bng cch s dng cc giao thc nh tuyn khc
nhau nh OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), RIP (Routing Information
Protocol), IS-IS (Intermediate

System to - Intermediate System) hoc BGP

(Border Gateway Protocol). Mi router trong mng t quyt nh vic nh

tuyn cho mi gi tin IP n sau khi bng nh tuyn c xy dng v iu
ny rt tn thi gian. Mt router s kim tra bng nh tuyn ca mt gi tin
va nhn xc minh cc bc k tip cho cc gi da trn a ch ch ca
gi tin c a ra trong cc tiu IP ca gi tin.
Mt s giao thc nh tuyn
Giao thc nh tuyn trong (Interior Gateway Protocol IGP):
Router Information Protocol (RIP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)
Hai giao thc sau y thuc s hu ca Cisco, v c h tr bi cc
router Cisco hay nhng router ca nhng nh cung cp m Cisco ng
k cng ngh:

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP)

Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
Giao thc nh tuyn ngoi (Exterior Gateway Protocol EGP):
Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP)
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF)
2.2.

Chuyn mch nhn (MPLS)

Mng MPLS l s k tha v kt hp ca routing thng minh trong

mng IP v chuyn mch tc cao trong mng ATM, c c routing layer 3

(IP) v switching layer 2 (VPI/VCI ca ATM).
MPLS l c ch chuyn mch nhn do Cisco pht trin v c IETF
chun ha, h tr kh nng chuyn mch, nh tuyn lung thng tin mt
cch hiu qu.
MPLS l mt cng ngh kt hp c im tt nht gia nh tuyn lp
ba v chuyn mch lp hai cho php chuyn ti cc gi rt nhanh trong mng
li (core) v nh tuyn tt mng bin (edge) bng cch da vo nhn
(label). MPLS l mt phng php ci tin vic chuyn tip gi trn mng
bng cc nhn c gn vi mi gi IP, t bo ATM, hoc frame lp hai.
Phng php chuyn mch nhn gip cc Router v MPLS-enable ATM
switch ra quyt nh theo ni dung nhn tt hn vic nh tuyn phc tp
theo a ch IP ch. MPLS kt ni tnh thc thi v kh nng chuyn mch lp
hai vi nh tuyn lp ba, cho php cc ISP cung cp nhiu dch v khc nhau
m khng cn phi b i c s h tng sn c. Cu trc MPLS c tnh mm
do trong bt k s phi hp vi cng ngh lp hai no. MPLS h tr mi
giao thc lp hai, trin khai hiu qu cc dch v IP trn mt mng chuyn

mch IP. MPLS h tr vic to ra cc tuyn khc nhau gia ngun v ch trn
mt ng trc Internet. Bng vic tch hp MPLS vo kin trc mng, cc ISP
c th gim chi ph, tng li nhun, cung cp nhiu hiu qu khc nhau v t
c hiu qu cnh tranh cao.
2.3.

K thut lu lng trong mng MPLS

K thut lu lng (TE) l mt c ch a ra kim sot lung ca

lu lng truy cp vo mng v n cung cp kh nng ti u ha cc ti

nguyn mng. Vic cung cp cht lng dch v (QoS) v kh nng k thut
lu lng trn Internet ngy cng quan trng, c bit l h tr cc dch v
i hi thi gian thc. phc v mc ch , Internet hin nay phi c
nng cao vi k thut mi, l MPLS ng vai tr chnh trong mng IP, vi
tnh nng k thut lu lng v QoS.

Internet c th c xem nh l mt tp cc AS (Autonomous System)

truyn thng vi nhau v chng s dng giao thc EGP (Exterior Gateway
Protocol). Giao thc IGP (Interior Gateway Protocol) thc thi trong cc AS
cung cp cc kt ni gia cc router. Cc giao thc nh tuyn link state nh
IS IS v OSPF l giao thc IGP. EGP hin thi c s dng l BGP4. Tuy
nhin, giao thc BGP thc thi trong cc AS cung cp s truyn thng full
mesh IBGP gia cc IBGP ng ng. Cc IBGP ny c th khng kt ni trc
tip vi nhau, do , cn phi c mt IGP nh OSPF hay IS IS cung cp
thng tin nh tuyn ch hoc chng k tip cho IBGP. Cc giao thc nh
tuyn link state IGP c dng phn phi thng tin v tt c cc lin kt
trong mng. Mi router trong AS dng cc thng tin ny tnh ton con
ng ngn nht n mi ch trong mng bng thut ton con ng ngn
nht. Sau router xy dng mt bng chuyn tip, kt hp a ch tin t vi
lin kt ca chng k tip. Khi mt gi n mt router, bng chuyn tip c
s dng, v gi c chuyn tip theo con ng c ch nh trong

bng da vo a ch IP. Cch ny tt trong mng c m hnh mng tha tht.

Ngc li, trong mng dy c, cch tip cn ny c th dn n vic mt cn
bng ti. Cc lin kt khng nm trn con ng s khng c tn dng
mc d lu lng mng ang cao. iu ny dn n lng ph bng thng trn
cc ng trung k mc d cc con ng vn cn c s dng tt. Vn
ny c khc phc bng vic tnh ton li cc metric ca lin kt bng cc
giao thc nh tuyn v p t s cn bng ti khng cng gi tr trn cc lin
kt. Tuy nhin, cch ny khng cung cp mt s d tha ng v khng c
xem nh l c im ca giao thc v kh nng ca mng khi thc hin nh
tuyn.
Mng IP c im yu l ch c mt c ch iu khin cc lung lu
lng l thay i metric ca ng truyn trong cc giao thc IGP nh l
OSPF. Tuy nhin, cch lm nh vy s lm thay i tt c cc gi i qua lin
kt ny. Cc cch ny khng cung cp mt s ti u ng v khng c xem
l c im ca lu lng v kh nng ca mng khi thc hin cc quyt nh
nh tuyn.
Trong mng k thut lu lng MPLS, bt k con ng chuyn mch
nhn (LSP) no cng u c th c thay i ng t mt con ng tt
nghn n mt con ng khc. iu ny th hin mt s hiu qu trong
mng IP, bi v ngi qun tr mng c th cho mng hot ng vi kh nng
cao nht trong iu kin bnh thng, v trc khi tt nghn xut hin th mt
vi lu lng c th d dng c chuyn i bng con ng khc. Hn th
na, ngi qun tr mng c th s dng mt thut ton tng qut cung
cp mt s nh x t cc lung lu lng n ng truyn vt l m khng
th c c nu s dng cc cch trn.
MPLS TE cho php cc nh cung cp dch v nh ngha mt con
ng chnh xc, tng t nh nh tuyn ngun, xuyn qua mng ca h v
iu khin lu lng i trn con ng . K thut lu lng cng thc thi
cn bng ti c chi ph khng cn bng da trn CEF trn cc ng hm.

3. Topology m phng
Trong tiu lun ny ti s dng phn mm m phng OPNET nh
gi hiu nng ca mng s dng MPLS-TE. Do thi gian c hn nn ti ch m
phng 02 kch bn sau:
-

Kch bn 01: Ch s dng nh tuyn IGP

Kch bn 02: S dng dng MPLS-TE

Topology cho cc kch bn m phng MPLS-TE trn OPNET nh sau:

Hnh.1: Topology cho kch bn m phng

Topology bao gm 2 khu vc:
- Khu vc nh cung cp dch v Service Provider (m my m
mu), bao gm cc Router bin PE1, PE2, cc Router li CORE1, CORE2,
CORE3, CORE4. Lin kt PE1-CORE1-CORE2-PE2 c bng thng 2 Mbps
(FastEthernet), lin kt PE1-CORE3-CORE4-PE2 c bng thng 1,5 Mbps
(Ethernet). PE1 & PE2 l cc LER v Core1, Core2, Core3, Core4 l cc LSR.
- Khu vc khch hng, bao gm cc Router bin CE1, CE2, CE3, CE4,
CE5, CE6 c kt ni vo cc Router bin PE1 v PE2, c th l CE1, CE2,
CE3 kt ni vo PE1, cn CE4, CE5, CE6 kt ni vo PE2. CE1,CE2, CE3, CE4,
CE5, CE6 l cc router C7200 ca cisco.

Ta tin hnh xy dng topology m phng trn OPNET

Bc 1. Khi to mt Project mi:
T ca s chnh ca phn mm OPNET: File New New Project.
Bc 2. Khi to cc b nh tuyn t ca s Open Object Pallete:
T thanh cng c Topology Open Object Pallete, ca s Object
Palette Tree hin ra. Tm trong phn Node Models Fixed Node Models, b
nh tuyn Router C7200 (CS_7206_6s_a2_ae8_f4_tr4_slip16_adv) ca Cisco,
Trong b cng c MPLS c cha sn LER, LSR, v cc cng c cho MPLS.

Hnh 2: Object Pallete

Bc 3. Khi to cc loi lin kt gia cc b nh tuyn. Trong b cng
c MPLS phn link Models ta chn cc lin kt PPP_DS1, PPP_E1 l cc lin
kt 1,5Mb v 2Mb. Sau khi kt ni cc b nh tuyn bng cc loi lin kt theo
ng Topology a ra, hon thnh c Topology trong OPNET nh sau:

Hnh 3: Topo sau khi hon thnh

Bc 4. To ra cc cng Loopback 0 trn cc b nh tuyn.
Ta vo thanh cng c Protocols IP Interfaces Create Loopback
Interface. Tch vo du chn All Routers v Configure routing protocols to
Loopback cho tt c cc b nh tuyn v cho php cu hnh giao thc nh
tuyn trn cng Loopback ny.
Bc 5. Gn a ch IP cho cc giao din ca b nh tuyn. Ta bm
Ctrl-A chn tt c cc thit b trn Topology, sau trn thanh cng c
Protocols IP Addressing Auto-Assign IPv4 Addresses (vic gn a
ch ny c th thc hin theo mun v ty bng cch vo tng phn cu
hnh ca b nh tuyn).
Vy ta hon thnh cng vic thit lp Topology v gn a ch IP cho
cc thit b trn Topology. Tip theo ta s tin hnh xy dng cc kch bn m
phng cho phn m phng MPLS trn OPNET.
3.1.

Kch bn khi ch c giao thc nh tuyn IGP

Trong phn ny, ti xy dng cc kch bn khi ch giao thc nh tuyn

IGP. Giao thc nh tuyn IGP c s dng trong m hnh ny l OSPF.

Kch bn gm:

10

Trin khai Single-Area OSPFv2 trn tt c cc b nh tuyn CE1, CE2,

CE3, CE4, CE5, CE6, PE1, PE2, CORE1, CORE2, CORE3, CORE4 ti khu vc
ca nh cung cp dch v v khu vc ca khch hng.

To cc lu lng theo yu cu.

Kho st mc s dng cc lin kt.

Trong kch bn 1 ny, n gin th ch trin khai giao thc nh

tuyn OSPFv2 trn tt c cc b nh tuyn, bao gm khu vc nh cung cp

dch v (PE1, PE2, CORE1, CORE2, CORE3, CORE4) v khu vc khch hng
(CE1, CE2, CE6).
Ta tin hnh m phng kch bn 1 trn OPNET
Bc 1. Khi to giao thc OSPFv2 trn tt c cc Router. Ta bm CtrlA chn tt c cc Router, sau vo thanh cng c Protocols IP
Routing Configure Routing Protocols. Sau tch chn giao thc OSPF v
cu hnh giao thc ny trn tt c cc Router nh hnh 4.3:

Hnh 4: Cu hnhgiao thc nh tuyn

11

Bc 2. Khi to cc lu lng theo yu cu.

To ra 3 lung lu lng IP. Ta vo ca s Open Object Pallete, tm i
tng c tn l ip_traffic_flow_alt, to ra 3 lung lu lng v gp th tng
ng gia CE1-CE4, CE2-CE5, CE3-CE6. Sau chut phi vo tng lung lu
lng cu hnh tham s cho chng. Ta c ca s i vi lung lu lng
CE1-CE4 nh sau:

Hnh 5: Cu hnh cc lung lu lng IP

Ta c th t tn cho lung lu lng l CE_1 --> CE_4 (UDP 1,5
Mbps), trong phn Socket Information ta t l loi UDP, tip trong cc
phn Destination IP Address v Source IP Address, ta t cc a ch IP tng
ng gia CE1 v CE4 (hoc Auto Asigned nu thc hin bc AutoAssign IPv4 Addresses). Tip trong phn Traffic (bits/second) ta chn loi
lu lng l T1_1hours_bps tng ng 1,5Mbps. Cc thng s khc c th gi
nguyn mc nh. Ta cu hnh tng t vi cc lung TCP-1 0,5 Mbps gia
CE2-CE5, TCP-2 0,5 Mbps gia CE3-CE6.

12

Bc 3. Bt tnh nng thng k.

Ta vo Des -> Choose individual statistics sau nh du vo
throughtput, utilization.

Hnh 6: Chn bin thng k

Bc 4. Thc hin m phng
Ta vo DES Run Discrete Event Simulation
Bc 5. Phn tch kt qu nhn c
ly ra kt qu m phng ta chn DES Results.

Hnh 7: Kt qu m phng ta IGP

13

nh gi kch bn khi ch s dng IGP

Kt qu m phng trn cho ta thy lin kt gia PE-1 & Core 1 lun
s dng bng thng mc 100% trong khi lin kt PE-2 & Core 3 th
khng c lu lng i qua. Kt qu c c do ch s dng giao thc nh
tuyn OSPF. OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn da trn ng i ngn nht, v
vy n PE-1 mi lu lng u c chuyn n Core 1, trong khi th
khng c lu lng n Core 3.
3.2. Kch bn khi c MPLS-TE.
Trong kch bn m phng ny, ta s trin khai k thut lu lng
MPLS TE trong mng li ca nh cung cp dch v, c th l trn cc Router
PE1, PE2, CORE1, CORE2, CORE3, CORE4 nhm ti u hiu sut hot ng
ca mng ng thi m bo dch v cho cc lung lu lng. C th, ta
khi to cc ng hm TE Tunnel hay ni cch khc l cc LSP c yu cu
xc lp v thng s, sau cu hnh thng s ca cc ng hm TE Tunnel,
bo hiu bng RSVP-TE hoc CR-LDP. Cc thng s ca 3 ng TE Tunnel
s ph hp vi cc thng s yu cu ca 3 lung lu lng pha bn di.
Trong OPNET c sn cc ng hm dng E-LSP v L-LSP c bo hiu
sn bng RSVP-TE v CR-LDP, n gin cho vic thit lp TE Tunnel,
trong OPNET gin lc qua bc cu hnh RSVP-TE v CR-LDP. Kch bn
ny bao gm:
a) Cc yu cu ca kch bn khi ch c giao thc nh tuyn IGP (s dng
OSPF).
b) To cc ng hm LSP.
c) Gn lu lng vo cc LSP.
d) Kho st mc kh dng cc lin kt.

14

Ta tin hnh m phng trn OPNET (kch bn 2)

Bc 1. Thc hin kch bn 1 sau thao tc scenarios ->duplicate
scenario thc hin 1 bn sao ca kch bn 1, sau t tn cho kch bn
mi.
Bc 2. To FEC v Traffic Trunk. Ta vo ca s Open Object Pallete,
tm i tng mpls_config_object, sau gp th i tng ny vo mn hnh
Topology v tin hnh cu hnh i tng ny nh hnh 4.8:

Hnh 8: Cu hnh mpls_config_object

Cc tham s cn cu hnh nm phn FEC specifications v Trafic
Trunk Profile. Trong FEC y c 3 lu lng v vy cn cu hnh cho 3 FEC

15

 thc hin iu ny trong phn Number of Rows nh s 3. Mi Row khi

l 1 FEC. Mi FEC ta s cu hnh theo yu cu tng lung lu lng. 1 FEC
c th cu hnh theo a ch hay l theo giao thc. qu trnh m phng l
chnh xc cn t nht 1 Trunk Profile.
Bc 3. Khi to cc ng hm TE Tunnel.
Ti y ta cu hnh TE Tunnel dng E-LSP theo kiu Explicited Route,
ta vo Open Object Pallete, tm i tng Path Models MPLS MPLS_ELSP_DYNAMIC, gp th vo Topology. Ta to ra 3 TE Tunnel tng ng cho
3 loi lu lng, trong 2 TE Tunnel i theo ng truyn PE1-CORE1CORE2-PE2 v 1 TE Tunnel i theo ng PE1-CORE3-CORE4-PE2, do ta
thit lp theo kiu Explicited Route nn ta gp th 3 TE Tunnel theo 2 ng
tng ng theo tng node. Sau ta vo tinh chnh tng thng s yu cu
trong cc ng TE Tunnel. C th nh sau, gi s ta c ng TE Tunnel
dnh cho loi lu lng UDP (EF) 1,5Mbps:

Hnh 9: Cu hnh cc ng hm TE Tunnel

16

Lu rng ta cn tt tnh nng Announce IGP Shortcuts, bi v lt sau

y ta s dng c ch Policy-based Routing trong phn Traffic Mapping. Ta
gi nguyn phn Address Destination v Address Source, bi ta thit lp
ra cc TE Tunnel vi mc ch khng ch truyn ti lu lng cho 3 lu
lng CE1-CE4, CE2-CE5, CE3-CE6, m cn dnh cho bt k mt lu lng
no m ph hp vi cc thng s ca phn Traffic Trunk v thng s ca TE
Tunnel tng ng. Tip theo ta quan tm n cc thng s trong phn TE
Parameters nh sau:

Hnh 10: Cu hnh TE Parameter

Lu rng ta cn chnh mc Min Bandwidth cho ph hp, thng s
ny ca TE Tunnel s c so snh vi lng bng thng thc s ca tuyn
ng ti cc thi im xc nh tm ra tuyn ng ph hp nht, thng
s ny cng cn ph hp v Traffic Trunk, nu khng th lu lng s khng
c truyn ln TE Tunnel. Sau khi to ra 3 ng hm tng ng thc
hin Protocols MPLS Update LSP Details v Protocols MPLS
Display LSP Routes cp nht LSP v hin th ng i ca LSP va to ra.

17

Bc 4. Truyn ti cc lu lng ny ln trn cc ng hm TE

Tunnel bng phng php Traffic Mapping Policy-based Routing. Bc ny
c thc hin trn Router PE1, ta vo phn Edit Attributes trn Router PE1,
tm phn MPLS Parameters v cu hnh cc thng s nh hnh v sau:

Hnh 11: Cu hnh Traffic Mapping

Ta vo mc Traffic Mapping Configuration, to ra 3 Row, i vi mi
Row, ta chn Interface In ( y ta chn IF4 ca PE1, l giao din ni n
CE1), FEC v Traffic Trunk ta la chn tng ng vi CE1, CE2 hoc CE3, nu
ta khng thit lp cc FEC v Traffic Trunk trc th chng s khng xut hin
ti bng chn ny. Tip sau ta chn LSP c tn tng ng vi TE Tunnel
to dnh cho FEC v Traffic Trunk tng ng.Vic chn LSP nh th ny
tng ng vi c ch Policy-based Routing, nu vi c ch Class-based
Tunnel Selection, th Router s t ng chn LSP ph hp. i vi phn EXP
<--> PHB v EXP <--> Drop Precendence ta gi nguyn mc nh ban u. Cc
ty chn ny s rt hu dng i vi c ch Class-based Tunnel Selection.
Nh vy ta hon thnh vic ghp lu lng ln trn cc ng TE
Tunnel tng ng. Tip sau y ta s tin hnh chy kch bn ny, ng thi

18

kho st ng i v mc s dng (Utilization) ca cc TE Tunnel cng

nh cc giao din u vo mng li ca Router PE1.
Bc 5. Kho st ng i v mc s dng (Utilization) ca cc TE
Tunnel v cc giao din u vo mng li ca Router PE1. Ta chy kch bn v
truyn ti cc lung lu lng IP theo c ch chuyn mch MPLS c s dng
k thut lu lng MPLS TE. Ta vo DES Choose Individual Statistics, tch
chn Link Statistics point-to-point throughput kho st kt qu ca
cc ng truyn trong mng li, tch chn Path Statistics Flow
Ultilization,

tch

chn

Path

Statistics

LSP

Traffic

In/Traffic

Out/Ultilization kho st kt qu ca cc ng TE Tunnel thit lp .

Sau ta vo DES Run Discrete Event Simulation, sau ta chn DES
Results.

a) Ultilization

b) Throughput (bits/sec)
Hnh 12: Kt qu m phng MPLS-TE

nh gi kch bn MPLS-TE
Nh kt qu m phng ta thy lu lng by gi khng ch i theo
ng t PE1 n Core 1 m cn c c lu lng chuyn t PE1 n Core 3.

19

Trong lu lng CE1-CE4, CE2-CE5 c chuyn qua Core 1 bng 2

ng hm pha trn, lu lng CE3-CE6 c chuyn qua Core3 bng
ng hm pha di.
4. Kt lun
T kt qu ca 02 kch bn trn ta rt ra kt lun khi ch s dng giao
thc nh tuyn IGP v kch bn khi c MPLS-TE ta thy MPLS-TE em lu
nhiu hiu qu trong vic s dng bng thng c hn lm gim chi ph u
t, cht lng mng cng c ci thin ng k c bit l mi trng cung
cp nhiu loi dch v khc nhau vi cht lng nh mong mun. Hn th
MPLS-TE cn l nn tng pht trin cho mng th h sau NGN.
Do thi gian nghin cu v OPNET ngn, cn nhiu hn ch v kin
thc MPLS-TE, t ti liu m phng MPLS-TE trn OPNET v vy cha lm
c nhiu kch bn cho m hnh MPLS-TE v d nh Fast Reroute dng
bo v ng hm b ph v do links, hoc Node failure. Vic m phng cc
vn trn cha chnh xc nn khng nu ra tiu lun ny. Qua tiu lun
ny ta thy phn mm m phng OPNET l mt phn mm rt a dng, ngoi
vic cung cp m phng mng, OPNET cn cung cp cho ta nhiu cng c cho
php phn tch hiu sut, tnh ton ng i, khi to lu lng, so snh
bng th . T chng ta khng nhng ch to lp mng m cn gip
chng ta nh gi hiu nng ca h thng mng.
Chnh v vy ti s dng phn mm m phng mng OPNET s
dng cho vic nh gi hiu nng mng trong tiu lun ca ti.
Ti liu tham kho
1. O. Akinsipe (2012), Comparison of IP, MPLS and MPLS RSVP-TE
Network using OPNET, International Journal of Computer Applications,
Volume 58, No 2, November 2012.

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2. M. Bongate (2012), Analysis of Link Utilization in MPLS Enable Network

using Opnet IT Guru, International Journal of Computer Applications,
Volume 41, No 14, Mar 2012.
3. Bathesda (2010) Simulation-Based Analysis of MPLS Traffic Engineering,
Model Research and Development, Opnet Technologies Inc.

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