RMO-2013 EXAMINATION

CAREER POINT

Regional Mathematical Olympiad-2013

Time : 3 Hours
Instructions :

December 15, 2013

Calculators (in any form) and protractors are not allowed.

Rulers and compasses are allowed.
Answer all the questions. Maximum marks : 100
Answer to each questions should start on a new page. Clearly indicate the question number.

1.

a+b+c+d+e

=8
(a, b, c, d, e are all positive)
a + b + c + d + e = 16

Given that a, b, c, d, e are real numbers such that

Determine the maximum value of e.

Sol.

[17]

We know that square of A.M. of n real numbers A.M.of their squares

2

a 2 + b2 + c2 + d 2
a+b+c+d
So

4
4

...(1)

But a + b + c + d = 8 e
a2 + b2 + c2 + d2 = 16 e2
So (1) becomes
2

16 e 2
8e

4
4
4e+

e2
e2
4
16
4

5e 2
e0
16

e
(5e 16) 0
16

5e 16 0
0e

[Q e 0]

16
5

So emax = 16/5
2.

Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle and A is its area. Prove that a2 + b2 + c2 4 3 A.

Sol.

Apply Hero's formula again by A.M. G.M. inequality, we have

[16]

s3
(s a ) + (s b) + (s c)
(s a) (s b) (s c)
=

27
3

Hence A =

s(s a )(s b)(s c)

s4
s2
=
27
3 3

Equality holds only for equilateral .

This last inequality implies
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RMO-2013 EXAMINATION

CAREER POINT

a 2 + b2 + c2
2s
a +b+c
4A 3 3 = 3
= a2 + b2 + c2
3
3
3
3

Equality holds only if a = b = c

3.

Consider an isosceles triangle ABC. R is the radius of its circumscribed circle and r is the radius of its
inscribed circle. Prove that the distance 'd' between the centres of these two circles is

angle A 60 and AB = AC.

Sol.

R (R 2r ) , when
[17]

It is clear from figure that OA = R

A

90B

A\2

F
R

90
I
r

AI =

IF
A
sin
2

Q AIF is right angled triangle =

But r = 4R sin

A
B
C
sin
sin
2
2
2

AI = 4R sin

B
C
sin
2
2

r
sin(A / 2)

again, GOA = B OAG = 90 B

Therefore, IAO = IAC OAC
=

A
1
(90 B) = (A + 2B 180)
2
2

1
1
(A + 2B A B C) = (B C)
2
2

From triangle OAI

OI2 = OA2 + AI2 2(OA)(AI) cos (IAO)
2

B
C
BC
B
C

= R2 + 4R sin 2 sin 2R 4R sin sin cos

2
2
2
2
2

B
C
B
C
B C

= R 2 + 16R 2 sin 2 sin 2 8R 2 sin sin cos

2
2
2
2
2

B C
C
B
C
B

= R2 1 + 16 sin 2 sin 2 8 sin sin cos

2
2
2
2
2

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RMO-2013 EXAMINATION

CAREER POINT

B C
C
B
C
B
= R2 1 + 8 sin sin 2 sin sin cos

2
2
2
2
2

B C
B+C
BC
C
B
+ cos
cos
= R2 1 + 8 sin sin cos

2
2
2
2
2

B
C
B + C

= R2 1 8 sin sin cos

2
2
2

C
B
A
= R2 1 8 sin sin cos
2
2
2 2

A B C
Q 2 + 2 + 2 = 2

A
B
C

= R2 1 8 sin sin sin

2
2
2

r
2
= R2 1 8
= R 2Rr
4R

OI =

4.
Sol.

R ( R 2r )

Find all positive integers for which (2n 1) is divisible by 7.

(23)n/3 1

[17]

(7 + 1)n/3 1
[7n/3 + n/3C1 7n/3 1 + . + n/3Cn/3 1 7 + 1] 1
So, given expression will be divisible by 7 if n/3 is a positive integer.
So, n must be an integral multiple of 3.
[vr% fn;k x;k O;atd 7 ls foHkkftr gksxk ;fn n/3 ,d /kukRed iw.kkZad gksA

vr% n vko';d :i ls 3 dk iw.kkZad xq.kt gksxkA]

5.
Sol.

Solve (x2 + x 2)3 + (2x2 x 1)3 = 27(x2 1)3 for real x.

(x2 + x 2)3 + (2x2 x 1)3 = (3x2 3)3
Let a = x2 + x 2
b = 2x2 x 1
Here a3 + b3 = (a + b)3

[17]

(a + b)3 a3 b3 = 0
3ab (a + b) = 0
either a = 0 or b = 0 or a + b = 0
x2 + x 2 = 0
(x + 2)(x 1) = 0
x = 2, 1
or 2x2 x 1 = 0
(2x + 1) (x 1) = 0
x = 1/2, 1
or 3x2 3 = 0 x = 1, 1
So, x = 1, 1/2, 2, 1
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RMO-2013 EXAMINATION
6.
Sol.

CAREER POINT

Determine all non-negative integral pairs (x, y) for which (xy 7)2 = x2 + y2.
The equation becomes
xy (xy 14) = x2 + y2 49
Let x + y = t and xy = z
x2 + y2 = t2 2z

[16]

[Note : t I, z I]

Hence, equation becomes

z(z 14) = t2 2z 49
z2 12z + (49 t2) = 0
'z' is integer
D = perfect square
144 4(49 t2) = perfect square
4 (36 49 + t2) = perfect square
t2 13 = k2
t2 k2 = 13
(t k) (t + k) = 13
t k =1
t = 7 ; k = 6
t + k = 13
Now, x + y = 7
So, gives the order pair (x, y) as integers with satisfies the equation are (0, 7), (3, 4), (4, 3) and (7, 0) only.

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