Fundamentals of Internet

Internet
Internet is a global network of
networks.
People and organization connect
to the internet so that they can
access massive store of shared
information.
The Internet is an inherently
participative medium.
Anybody can publish information
or create new services.

How do I Connect to the Internet?

Computer
Connection phone line, wireless , data cards
etc..
Modem
Network software TCP/IP
Application Software Browsers etc..
Internet Service Provider.

What can I do on the Internet?

Send Receive emails.
Social networking.
Download software's, audio visual
files, pdfs etc
Surf on the WORLD WIDE WEB.
And much much more.

Internet History Milestones

1969
ARPANET
R&D Project

1985
NSFNET founded by
1983
DOD Mandated AdopHon of The NaHonal Science
FoundaHon
TCP/IP

ARPANET
1974
1983
Vinton Cerf
ARPANET Split into
and Robert Kahn IniHated ARPANET and MILNET
TCP/IP

1993
Web Browser
Mosaic invented by
Mark Andreesen

INTERNET

1991
World Wide Web
Released by
Tim-Berners Lee

What is WORLD WIDE WEB?

The Web was invented in 1991 by
Tim Berners- Lee.
The web is a distributed information
system.
The web contains multimedia.
Information in the web is connected
by hyperlinks.
The world wide web consortium
(W3C) definition of the web: "The
World Wide Web is the universe of
network-accessible information, an
embodiment of human knowledge"

Browsing the web

A Web page is a document on
the world wide web.
A web browser is the computer
program that we use to
retrieve and view web pages.
Most popular browsers are
internet explorer, Firefox,
Chrome etc..

 The functionality of the WWW is based on 3 main standards:

URL (Universal Resource Locator)
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
HTTP (Hypertext transfer Protocol)

The Universal Resource Locator (URL)

Each page of information on the web has a unique address called the URL at which it
can be found

http://faculty.uscupstate.edu/atzacheva/lecture1.html

The document
can be obtained
using the
Hypertext
Transfer Protocol
(HTTP)

1
Protocol

Host Name The Name of

Web Server

2
Host Name

Path to the Web

Page

File Name

Denotes that the File

is Written in HTML
HyperText Markup
Language

3
File Name

HTML
HTML is a universal, simple language for formatting
text. It also allows embedding of graphics, and
linking of documents via hyperlinks.
Hypertext documents allow readers to freely
move around the document, following links to
subjects of interest.
HTML is a language that is used to specify the
structure of documents for retrieval across the
Internet using browsers.

HTTP
The standard Web transfer protocol is HTTP (HyperText
Transfer Protocols). It is used for document exchange between
servers and clients (typically browsers) in the WWW.
To retrieve a document, the client first sends a request to the
web server and waits for a reply
An HTTP daemon/service (a program that waits for http
requests) on the server then handles the request and the
document is sent to the client (over a connection established
using TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol)
A Protocol is Agreed upon sets of rules that provide order to a
system or situation. In this case, a set of rules/standards for
communicating on the Internet.