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NOTICE TO READERS
ALL MATERIALS INCLUDED HEREIN ARE COPYRIGHTED AND CONFIDENTIAL UNLESS OTHERWISE
INDICATED. The information contained herein is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and
may contain confidential and/or privileged material. Any review, retransmission, dissemination, or other use or reliance
upon this information by persons or entities other than the intended recipient is prohibited. The information provided
herein is subject to protection from disclosure, reproduction and use as set forth in the Mutual Non-disclosure
Agreement entered in to by Supplier and T-Mobile USA Inc.
This document is subject to change without notice. Please verify that you are in possession of the most
recent version of this document.
Copyright 2006 T-Mobile USA, Inc.
October 15, 2014
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Document Summary
Document Version:
Last Revision Date:
Document Author:
Contributors:
Ericssons reviewers:
Version 3.7
October 15, 2014
Christophe Vidal
Allan Orbigo
David Siren
Jeff Anderson
Sharad Sriwastawa
TMUS NE Region Engineering Team
TMUS South Region Engineering Team
TMUS Central Region Engineering Team
TMUS West Region Engineering Team
Damian Dimarzio
Jose Ramon Bacas-Malo
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(Ericsson's equipment)
Table of Contents
1
Introduction .............................................................................................................................7
1.1
1.2
1.3
Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 7
Audience ................................................................................................................................................. 7
Design Statement.................................................................................................................................... 7
4
5
Introduction ...........................................................................................................................................17
Antenna Configuration Strategy ............................................................................................................17
Intermodulation Effects .........................................................................................................................18
Isolation Requirements .........................................................................................................................18
Antenna Configuration Scenarios .........................................................................................................19
Recommended Guideline on Antenna Configuration .....................................................................19
Antenna Configurations ..................................................................................................................20
Antenna Migration Table ................................................................................................................21
Sample Antenna Configurations .....................................................................................................23
Current antenna selection .....................................................................................................................27
Antenna vertical beamwidth and size consideration .............................................................................27
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(Ericsson's equipment)
6.9
Repeaters ...............................................................................................................................44
10
11
11.1
11.2
11.3
11.4
11.5
11.6
11.7
11.8
11.9
11.10
11.11
12
12.1
12.2
13
Appendix A ............................................................................................................................49
Definitions .............................................................................................................................................49
References ............................................................................................................................................50
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(Ericsson's equipment)
List of Figures
Figure 1: Noise Figure improvement at different TMA gains ........................................................................................... 33
Figure 2: Typical RRU installation. Fiber optic cables are practically lossless so the 3 dB feeder loss (typical case) is
eliminated. RRUs are connected to the antenna via short jumper cables. ............................................................. 35
Figure 3: TMA and RRU usage comparison ................................................................................................................... 37
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(Ericsson's equipment)
List of Tables
Table 1: Coverage thresholds values (acceptance targets) .............................................................................................. 8
Table 2: Coverage thresholds values (internal targets) .............................................................................................. 8
Table 3: Power settings (without HSDPA) ....................................................................................................................... 10
Table 4: Power settings (with HSDPA) ............................................................................................................................ 10
Table 5: Link Budget Values for Ericssons Eb/N0 ........................................................................................................... 12
Table 6: HSDPA Values for Ericssons Eb/N0 .................................................................................................................. 14
Table 7: Assumed common values ................................................................................................................................. 14
Table 8: Clutter-dependant orthogonality values (for simulations) .................................................................................. 14
Table 9: Environment dependant values ......................................................................................................................... 15
Table 10: Current antenna selection ............................................................................................................................... 27
Table 11: Receiver sensitivity of various services with and without TMA ....................................................................... 31
Table 12: Current TMA selection ..................................................................................................................................... 39
Table 13: Threshold of the indoor coverage zone ........................................................................................................... 43
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(Ericsson's equipment)
1 Introduction
1.1 Scope
This document outlines the RF Planning Guidelines to be used for designing UMTS networks for T-Mobile USA. It
provides design requirements and assumptions (e.g. service quality, link budgets, etc) that should be used for planning
a UMTS network; it provides the recommended antenna configuration scenarios for co-locating antennas for UMTS on
existing GSM sites; the RF network design process is outlined keeping in mind that the UTRAN RF design will be an
overlay on the existing 2G GSM network.
It is overall assumed in this document that T-Mobile-USA will be deploying UMTS networks in the 1700 / 2100 MHz
band (3GPP band IV).
1.2 Audience
The document is intended for all RF engineers who will be involved in the nominal RF design and cell planning of
UMTS networks for T-Mobile USA. The document outlines the steps involved in the design and provides requirements
that should be considered as T-Mobile standards for the RF design of a UMTS network.
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(Ericsson's equipment)
2 Service Requirements
2.1 Traffic Assumptions
As mentioned in Section 1.3, this will be based on traffic projections for UMTS provided by the RAN Capacity Planning
Group. The methodology of spreading this traffic will be outlined in the internal document named UMTS Design using
Asset 3G [A3G].
AMR 12.2
CS Video 64
PS 64
PS 128
PS 384
-105 dBm
-99 dBm
-91 dBm
-85 dBm
-82 dBm
-14 dB
-102 dBm
-96 dBm
-88 dBm
-82 dBm
-79 dBm
-12 dB
-102 dBm
-96 dBm
-88 dBm
-82 dBm
-79 dBm
-12 dB
-97 dBm
-91 dBm
-83 dBm
-77 dBm
-74 dBm
-11 dB
-92 dBm
-86 dBm
-78 dBm
-72 dBm
-69 dBm
-10 dB
Coverage Type
PCPICH RSCP Outdoor
PCPICH RSCP In-car
PCPICH RSCP In-Building Residential
PCPICH RSCP In-Building Commercial
PCPICH RSCP In-building High Dense Urban
PCPICH Ec/N0 (all types) [internal targets]
AMR 12.2
CS Video 64
PS 64
PS 128
PS 384
-104 dBm
-98 dBm
-90 dBm
-84 dBm
-81 dBm
-12 dB
-101 dBm
-95 dBm
-87 dBm
-81 dBm
-78 dBm
-11 dB
-101 dBm
-95 dBm
-87 dBm
-81 dBm
-78 dBm
-11 dB
-96 dBm
-90 dBm
-82 dBm
-76 dBm
-73 dBm
-10 dB
-91 dBm
-85 dBm
-77 dBm
-71 dBm
-68 dBm
-9 dB
-105dBm and
Pilot Ec/N0
-14dB
Similarly, the service areas for CS-64 and PS-64 will be defined as areas greater or equal to the following thresholds
The indoor array refers to Asset3gs indoor array used to reflect the in-car conditions (6 dB loss as indoor penetration
loss)
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
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(Ericsson's equipment)
-102dBm and
Pilot Ec/N0
-12dB
The service area for HSDPA services will be the same as that for PS-64.
Exemption areas will be areas which do not meet the above coverage thresholds. Coverage exports of RSCP and Ec/N0
plots will be done in MapInfo and queries will be used to derive the intersection of areas which satisfy both the RSCP
and Ec/N0 conditions. The intersection will define the service areas and the gaps will be the exemption areas.
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(Ericsson's equipment)
3 Link Budget
One of the first steps for planning consists of evaluating the cell coverage and capacity, insuring a correct balance
between uplink and downlink coverage.
Link budgets include margins that are prone to interpretations and variations. Link budgets are a start but cannot
replace RF planning tools and tuned RF-models, especially in CDMA where Monte-Carlo simulations are needed to
include the tight coupling between coverage, quality and capacity.
In CDMA, the coverage is uplink-limited, based on the fact that the UE maximum transmitted power is more limited
than the power the Node-B is able to deliver to the same UE (assuming no other mobiles).
The capacity is downlink-limited, since the Node-B must share its transmitted power between the system information
broadcast (common channels) and each UE connected to the cell.
Due to the complexity of UMTS with its multiple service capabilities (e.g. speech, video, data transfers) and the
limitations of the accuracy of link budgets, it has been decided to focus on a link budget per service type to avoid
adding the issue of the call mix. Typically the design should focus on the most constraining service chosen to be
provided reliably over all the targeted covered area.
As stated in the document preamble, all the link budget terms will not be detailed hereafter. We will focus instead on
the newly UMTS required inputs, giving some more explanations on hidden terms when needed.
Channel
Settings
8%
-3.1 dB
-1.25 dB
-1.8 dB
-3.5 dB
-7 dB
-7 dB
Duty Cycle
(Activity)
100%
90%
100%
10%
10%
96%
6.7%
Channel
Settings
8%
-3.1 dB
-0.25 dB
-1.8 dB
-3.5 dB
-7 dB
-7 dB
Duty Cycle
(Activity)
100%
90%
100%
10%
10%
96%
6.7%
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(Ericsson's equipment)
A value of 28 dBm is accounted as an average power across the cell for the HS-SCCH channel (for HSDPA link
budgets). This additional power consumed by the downlink HS control channel is added to the SCCPCH power.
Example: for a PCPICH power of 35.1 dBm (8% of 40W), an HSDPA simulation should bear a 34.8 dBm SCCPCH
power (33.8 dBm for SCCPCH and an extra 1 dBm for HS-SCCH).
The load is applied to the SCCPCH because of the current implementation of HSDPA in the RF planning tool Asset3G.
The HS-SCCH power is calculated separately in the link budget.
This would lead to an effective ratio of 23% of the power reserved for the common channels with HSDPA versus the
maximum output power available.
PGdB = 10 log10 (
3840
)
Rkbps
Where R, the service data rate, is expressed as the throughput at the RLC level in kbps. Typically, the rates are
12.2 kbps (maximum AMR throughput), 64 kbps, 128 kbps, and 384 kbps for UMTS systems without HSDPA/HSUPA.
Note that Ericsson is calculating the Eb/N0 requirements with both traffic and signaling radio bearers together (see next
section). Therefore the processing gain shall include the SRB 3.4 kb/s in addition to the service data rate (e.g. AMR
12.2 kb/s becomes 15.6 kb/s).
Eb
N0
= PGdB +
dB
Ec
N0
Note 1: In the presented link budget, the required Eb/N0 value factors the received diversity gain.
Table 5 shows the different values currently received from Ericsson.
Ericsson 2 TU 3 km/h
Input
UL Eb/N0 (CS-AMR 5.9 kbps + SRB 3.4 kbps)
UL Eb/N0 (CS-AMR 12.2 kbps + SRB 3.4 kbps)
UL Eb/N0 (CS-video 64 kbps + SRB 3.4 kbps)
2
5.6 dB
4.8 dB
2.9 dB
Ericsson2 TU 50 km/h
6.9 dB
6.0 dB
4.1 dB
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(Ericsson's equipment)
2.8 dB
2.3 dB
2.5 dB
8.1 dB
7.2 dB
7.1 dB
6.4 dB
5.7 dB
6.4 dB
4.0 dB
3.4 dB
4.2 dB
8.6 dB
7.7 dB
7.7 dB
7.4 dB
6.4 dB
8.0 dB
N Pole = 1 +
PG
Eb
AF (1 + F )
N0
where:
NPole is the theoretical maximum number of RABs of the related service to be served in the cell
PG is the processing gain for that RAB
F is the other cell to inner cell interference ratio in the uplink (usually between 50% and 80%)
AF is the activity factor
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(Ericsson's equipment)
Throughput (RLC)
32 kbps
160 kbps
480 kbps
800 kbps
1,120 kbps
1,440 kbps
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
UE Category 6
UE Category 12
3.96 dB
3.96 dB
3.65 dB
3.60 dB
4.23 dB
5.08 dB
3.96 dB
3.96 dB
3.65 dB
3.60 dB
4.23 dB
5.08 dB
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(Ericsson's equipment)
1,760 kbps
2,080 kbps
2,400 kbps
2,720 kbps
3,040 kbps
3,360 kbps
5.82 dB
6.28 dB
6.79 dB
7.30 dB
7.77 dB
8.34 dB
Input
UE maximal output power, guaranteed (antenna connector)
UE Noise Figure
UE antenna gain
Node-B antenna gain
Node B Receiver Noise Figure (RBS 3106 and RBS 3206)
Node B Receiver Noise Figure RRU (22 21IV20)
Antenna to TMA/RRU jumper loss
Coupling/Combining losses
Body loss (Conversational speech)
Body loss (Conversational video-speech)
Body loss (Data services: FTP, web browsing, etc)
Standard antenna gain
Standard cable losses
TMA Noise Figure
TMA Gain
Value (internal)
Value (acceptance)
( )
21 dBm 3 (power class 3)
8.5 dB
0 dBi
18 dBi
3.3 dB
3.8 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB (no combining)
3 dB
1 dB
1 dB
18 dB
As per audit
1.35 5
5
12 dB
( )
24 dBm 4 (power class 3)
8.5 dB
0 dBi
18 dBi
3.3 dB
3.8 dB
0.5 dB
0 dB (no combining)
0 dB
0 dB
0 dB
18 dB
As per audit
5
1.35
5
12 dB
Clutter Type
Orthogonality
Water
0.7
Transportation
0.55
Residential with trees
0.55
Residential with few tress
0.55
Open
0.7
Marsh/Wetland
0.7
High density urban
0.35
Grass agriculture
0.7
Forested / Dense Vegetation
0.7
Commercial / Industrial
0.4
Airport
0.55
Table 8: Clutter-dependant orthogonality values (for simulations)
The value (from T-Mobiles FSC UE team) is actually 19 dBm + 2 dBm = 21 dBm. The adjustment of 2 dBm is for
offsetting the RF propagation model tuned on 2,100 MHz when the uplink is on 1,700 MHz.
4 The value (from Ericsson) is actually 22 dBm + 2 dBm = 24 dBm. The adjustment of 2 dBm is for offsetting the RF
propagation model tuned on 2,100 MHz when the uplink is on 1,700 MHz.
5 Values for the selected Andrews TMA (see Table 10). The values must be adjusted if another model is chosen.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
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(Ericsson's equipment)
In case a new clutter type would appear in the geographical data, the above table of this document shall be updated.
Please contact the FCS / RF Planning team to make it so.
Some other values are dependant of the environment:
Parameter
Average penetration loss
Standard Deviation (loss)
Cell Area Reliability
Composite Shadow Margin 7
High Dense
Urban 6
In-Building
Commercial
In-Building
Residential
In-Vehicle
19 dB
7 dB
95%
12 dB
16 dB
7 dB
95%
12 dB
11 dB
6.5 dB
95%
11 dB
6 dB
2 dB
95%
8 dB
Densest areas of major cities across the nation (Central Business District or CBD)
The composite shadow margin varies slightly depending on the environment characteristics (the values in the tables
being strictly for urban and suburban):
In-building commercial and High Dense Urban: from 12.3 dB (dense urban) to 12.9 dB (rural)
In-building residential: from 11.9 dB (dense urban) to 12.4 dB (rural)
In-vehicle: from 8.9 dB (dense urban) to 9,4 dB (rural)
However, the variations being much lower than the inherent tolerance margins of the link budget, a medium value has
been considered as accurate enough.
7
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(Ericsson's equipment)
4 Spectrum Clearance
The carrier spectrum (5 MHz band per carrier) will be assumed to be cleared. The analysis and clearance will be done
most probably by a third-party company. The first analyses shall be available during the design stage since any
limitation due to un-cleared spectrum must be included in the design targets.
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5 Antenna Configuration
5.1 Introduction
The antenna configuration herein shall recommend various setups to incorporate the UMTS antenna system with the
existing GSM system (co-located GSM and UMTS). Configurations using vertically polarized antennas were included
for markets who still utilize such antennas. Antenna migration (i.e. change out of current antenna system to prepare for
UMTS) is also covered in this document.
It is possible that not all antenna configuration cases will be presented here but the basic matrix is covered.
Assumption of 4 antennas per sector as maximum is used. All antenna configurations assume that the number of
antenna ports available equals the number of feeder lines that can be installed.
The combining method for the GSM radios is not discussed here as it can vary between vendors and depends on
market strategies.
Antenna selection and MHA selection guidelines are covered in a separate document.
IM product can result in 1.5 dB of degradation in UMTS receiver sensitivity when sharing feeder cables and/or
antenna ports among UMTS and GSM systems. While the sensitivity degradation in dB may not seem
significant, the issue could become much more serious with imperfect installation and infrastructure aging.
Therefore, feeder cable sharing should be avoided.
Because of port-to-port isolation, IM product does not result in degradation in UMTS receiver sensitivity when
sharing a dual polarized antenna among UMTS and GSM systems, via separate antenna ports and separate
feeder cables.
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(Ericsson's equipment)
Another option is the use of wideband antenna covering both the GSM 1900 and UMTS bands (antenna with multiple
ports to allow separate UMTS and GSM signals on each port). The pros for a wideband antenna system are the space
reduction achieved. Current wideband antenna can provide separate electrically-controlled downtilt control systems
with multiple antenna ports having adequate isolation of around 30 dB. The only disadvantage would be the inability to
have different azimuth settings between the GSM and UMTS systems.
The amplitude of each intermodulation product decreases as their order increases. For this reason, the 3 order
rd
intermodulation products are of most concern. 3 order intermodulation products consist of the following frequency
terms: 2F1 + F2, F1 + 2F2, 2F1 - F2 and 2F2 F1.
Intermodulation between bands of co-located systems can arise in feeders and other connecting components. Then if
they fall within one of the co-located systems receiver band, they can create new sources of interference. This can
happen particularly if the GSM 1900 system or the UMTS 1900 system is co-located with UMTS 1700/2100 system. In
rd
this case, depending on where in the bands the T-Mobile obtains its licenses for UMTS, the 3 order intermodulation
between the GSM or UMTS and the UMTS 2100 transmit bands can create emissions in the 1700 band and fall within
the receiver band of the UMTS 1700/2100 system. Such scenario is possible particularly if the feeders are shared
between the GSM or UMTS 1900 system, and the UMTS transmitter operating on the 2100 band, and at best should
be avoided.
Intermodulation Product sample computation to be modified with actual values here once UMTS band (frequencies)
have been finalized
F1 Frequency
(MHz)
Signal Type
(F1)
F2 Frequency
(MHz)
Signal Type
(F2)
IM3 Type
1900
1900
1900
1900
GSM Tx
GSM Tx
GSM Tx
GSM Tx
2100
2100
2100
2100
UMTS Tx
UMTS Tx
UMTS Tx
UMTS Tx
2F1 + F2
F1 + 2F2
2F1 F2
2F2 F1
IM3
Frequency
(MHz)
5900
6100
1700
2300
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(Ericsson's equipment)
system could produce a more harmful effect on the UMTS system because of the higher power and higher power
spectral density being used in GSM (20 W normally per TRX, in some cases even up to 40 W per TRX).
The 3GPP specification 45.05 (section 4.3.2.3) recommends an upper limit of -96 dBm per 100 kHz spurious emission
for a GSM transmitter in a co-located GSM 1900 and UMTS systems (both UMTS 1900 and UMTS 1700/2100). This
translates to an upper limit of -80 dBm per 4 MHz. Considering a reference noise reference power of -110 dBm then
the isolation required should be around 30 dB.
Likewise, 3GPP specification 25.104 (section 6.6.3.2.1) specifies that the UMTS BS transmitter can generate spurious
emissions outside their allocated bands up to -96 dBm per 100 kHz or -93 dBm per 200 kHz of the GSM channel
bandwidth. This would result in 17 dB isolation requirement between the transmit antenna of the UMTS and a colocated GSM receiver, assuming a reference sensitivity level of -110 dBm for GSM receiver. This level of isolation
would normally be materialized by the 30 dB isolation between antenna ports provided by antenna manufacturers.
The blocking characteristic is a measure of the receivers ability to receive a wanted signal at its assigned channel
frequency in the presence of an unwanted interferer on frequencies other than those of the adjacent channels. The
blocking requirement to protect the UMTS receiver from 3GPP 25.104 standards (section 7.5.2) recommends a limit of
16 dBm interference signal mean power from a co-located GSM 1900 system. Considering a 40 W GSM transmitter
(46dBm), the isolation required will be 30 dB to protect the UMTS receiver from blocking.
The 3GPP standard 45.005 specified that the blocking characteristics of a GSM receiver operating in the PCS 1900
band (receive frequencies 1830-1910 MHz) is not applicable from a 2100 MHz UMTS transmitter, which is considered
out of band.
Current wideband antennas for UMTS 1700/2100 and GSM 1900 specify at least 30 dB of isolation between antenna
ports. As long as antenna ports and feeders will not be shared between the GSM and UMTS systems the 30 dB
isolation requirement can be met. Additional isolation can be obtained also by using separate physical antenna
between UMTS and GSM.
One separate physical antenna (wideband quad or dual pol) should be used for UMTS. Using wideband
antenna allows provision for GSM expansion in the future (if additional feeder lines can be installed) or UMTS
multi-carrier implementation without feeder sharing
Remote electrical tilt (RET or VEDT) capability should be considered also for the wideband antennas. The
existing GSM antennas should be replaced also, if possible, to benefit from the flexibility of using wideband
antennas (e.g. in the future the UMTS might need additional antenna and GSM might have lower traffic) and
the remote electrical tilt option
Minimum of 2 feet horizontal separation between the existing GSM antenna and the UMTS antenna is
recommended (side-to-side).
If vertical separation is required, then a minimum of 1 foot (tip to toe) will be required
The space diversity for UMTS is not a priority for initial rollout, however space diversity can be used if it does
not affect the GSM footprint and/or does not require antenna sharing. Once UE penetration reaches a certain
level (to be decided by markets based on traffic loading), one more antenna from GSM would be relieved to
provide space Tx/Rx diversity for UMTS. Link budgets should reflect the use of polarization diversity
Maximum antenna count per sector should be limited to 4 (3 GSM and 1 UMTS, initially)
MHA should be considered if remote mast head or RRU (Remote Radio Unit) is not feasible or if RRU cannot
be connected close to the antenna. Vendors have been asked to provide MHAs with built in diplexers that
operate on the PCS 1900 and UMTS 1700/2100
In the case where there is just one antenna per sector and it is not a quad pol antenna, it has to be replaced
with a cross-polarized wideband quad-port antenna. Exceptions will be cases where only up to 2 feeder lines
can be installed; in this case a wideband dual-pol cross-polarized antenna can be used.
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The effect on the GSM system should be kept to minimum as possible. Space diversity may be reduced or
sacrificed to avoid antenna sharing, however if antenna and line sharing cannot be avoided the following can
be employed:
o
o
o
The GSM radios can be combined; if that affects the footprint then boosters (MCPA) could be used to
minimize loss. It should be noted that the boosting of GSM signals could affect the isolation between
the two systems. Spectrum analyzer measurement should be taken to determine the additional noise
level, if any are produced
If adding boosters is not possible then IUO, HCS or concentric cells (GSM feature) can be used so
that high path loss calls are always on uncombined radios
TMAs can be deployed to compensate for space diversity loss, if any on the GSM side
Sharing feeder lines would imply use of diplexers which may cause losses from 0.5 to 3.5 dB and the
rd
possibility of having decreased sensitivity due to possible 3 order intermodulation product
Ability to share the antenna between UMTS and GSM but using different ports for each technology to
meet the required isolation
Zoning should not be an issue as same antenna count will be maintained
This allows future-proofing of antenna system as we dont have to change antenna in the future if theres
a need to expand the UMTS once the GSM subscriber count starts to go down (depends on the
migration strategy). This is also true for maintenance purposes, where it takes a long time to replace a
broken antenna
Ability to control tilt remotely without the need of tower crews
Disadvantages:
The decision between quad pol and dual pol antenna will depend on the total number of feeder lines and
antennas that can be installed considering space limitation, structural loading, leasing agreement and zoning
restrictions. Each market should be able to determine based on traffic forecasting the need for additional
capacity, which could translate to the need of installing additional feeder lines.
Currently, the FSC has approved wideband antennas that are dual pol and quad pol types.
Sharing of feeder cables should be avoided at all cost. Below are some of the reasons why
rd
Sharing feeder lines subject the UMTS receive band (1700 MHz) to a possible 3 order intermodulation
interference
If the shared feeder line (GSM and UMTS) terminates to a shared antenna port, the required isolation
requirement of 30 dB will not be met. This also eliminates the possibility of controlling the tilt for each
system. This could be alleviated by using diplexer on both ends (before and after the shared feeder line)
but it presents another problem below
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(Ericsson's equipment)
If diplexers are used to maintain the required isolation by using separate antenna ports, then we have to
take into account the additional loss from the diplexers. If the amount of combining loss in GSM (to
allow separate feeder and antenna for both systems) is equal to the loss that will be incurred by using
diplexers, the former case should be used as it offers more flexibility
Theres a possibility that the shared element (feeder lines, diplexers, antenna) could break and it will
affect both systems, i.e. no backup at all even for voice
Proposed
Antenna
Polarization
Feeder
Count
After
Max
Feeder
Count
After
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
6 to 12
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
8 to 16
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
4 to 8
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
6 to 12
Dual pol
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
8 to 16
Single
band
Quad Pol
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
4 to 8
Single
band
Quad Pol
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
6 to 12
12
Single
band
Quad Pol
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
8 to 16
Vertical
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
4 to 8
Current
Antenna
Count
Current
Feeder
Count
Current
Antenna
Type
Current
Antenna
Polarization
Migration
Type
Proposed
Antenna
Count
Single
band
Vertical
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Wideband
Single
band
Vertical
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Single
band
Dual pol
Add 1
separate
antenna
for UMTS
Single
band
Dual pol
Single
band
Single
band
Proposed Antenna
Type
GSM
Comments
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Swap
GSM
antenna to
same type
as UMTS
Use GSM
combining
if needed
UMTS
Recommendation
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
21 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Current
Antenna
Count
Current
Feeder
Count
Current
Antenna
Type
Current
Antenna
Polarization
Single
band
Vertical
Single
band
Vertical
Single
band
Dual Pol
Single
band
Dual Pol
Single
band
Dual Pol
Single
band
Quad Pol
12
Single
band
Quad Pol
16
Single
band
Quad Pol
Single
band
Quad Pol
Single
band
Dual Pol
Single
band
Vertical
Single
band
Dual pol
Migration
Type
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
Same
antenna
count but
feeder
lines can
be
increased
No
antenna
add and
no feeder
add
No
antenna
add and
no feeder
add
Proposed
Antenna
Count
Proposed Antenna
Type
Proposed
Antenna
Polarization
Feeder
Count
After
Max
Feeder
Count
After
GSM
Comments
UMTS
Recommendation
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
6 to 12
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
8 to 16
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
4 to 8
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
6 to 12
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
8 to 16
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Quad
Pol
Cross
4 to 8
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Quad
Pol
Cross
6 to 12
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Quad
Pol
Cross
8 to 16
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Free up one
antenna for
UMTS
Wideband
Quad
Pol
Cross
2 to 4
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Use 2 separate
ports for UMTS
Wideband
Dual
Pol or
Quad
Pol
Cross
2 to 4
Use GSM
combining
if needed
Use 2 separate
ports for UMTS
To be avoided
To be avoided
22 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Separate antenna and feeder lines for UMTS [Asset3G flag value: Separate UMTS antenna]
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MHA
Tx1/
MRx
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MHA
Tx2
Tx3
Tx4/
DRx
MHA
Tx / MRx
MHA
DRx
23 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
5.5.4.2
Shared antenna but separate feeder lines [Asset3G flag value: Shared Antenna]
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
MHA
Tx1/
MRx
MHA
MHA
Tx2/
DRx
MHA
Tx / MRx
DRx
24 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
5.5.4.3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
GSM side
UMTS side
Diplexer / MHA Unit
Diplexer
Tx1/
MRx
Tx2/
DRx
Tx / MRx
DRx
25 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
5.5.4.4
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Wideband MHA
Diplexer
Tx1/
MRx
Tx2/
DRx
Tx / MRx
DRx
26 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
RFS Model
Andrew Model
Kathrein Model
APXV18-206517S
TMBX-6517-R2M
800 10445
APXV18-206516S
TMBX-6516-R2M
800 10444
APX17DWV-17DWV-S
TMBXX-6517-R2M
800 10451
APX16DWV-16DWV-S
TMBXX-6516-R2M
800 10450
Depending on the type of environment and certain restrictions in zoning, leasing and structural issue, the type of
antenna has to be chosen properly.
The following Asset plots have been created to show the difference between the two antenna sizes.
Figure 1: Typical coverage plot for a 4.5 deg VBW antenna (taller antenna with 4 deg elect tilt, 0 mech tilt)
27 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Figure 2: Typical coverage plot for a 6 deg VBW antenna (shorter antenna with 4 deg elect tilt, 0 mech tilt)
Note: Too much interference, so add 1 deg of tilt
Figure 3: Coverage of the shorter antenna (5 deg total tilt) now almost the same as the taller antenna (4 deg total
tilt)
28 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Using the analysis above, the following considerations should be taken when selecting what size of antenna to
use:
Lower gain antennas (shorter) are sometimes a better choice for the following:
o
Sites where site development constraints (zoning, leasing, structural) only allows the shorter
antenna
29 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
6.2 Introduction
Utilizing maximum coverage is one of the key objectives of designing and optimizing a network. Achieving
maximum coverage is often as easy as boosting the uplink signal from the network users phone at the base
station. The uplink limitation is always the case because of lower transmit power used by the mobile station.
Coverage in UMTS networks is largely considered to be uplink limited in low traffic conditions. The basis for
this is that the base station has typically 10-40 W (40-46 dBm) output power available, while the mobile unit
has 0.125-0.250 W (21-24 dBm). This means that in low traffic situations, the uplink is the limiting link, while in
high traffic situations, downlink becomes the limiting link. For these reasons infrastructure vendors strongly
recommend using TMAs with their base station solutions.
Appropriately installed Low Noise Amplifiers (LNAs) in the uplink will significantly improve receiver system
sensitivity when installed as close as possible to the receive antenna, particularly where cable losses are
significant. LNAs located in this way are referred to as Tower Mounted Amplifiers (TMAs).
Installing TMAs in a CDMA system (like UMTS WCDMA) is not as straightforward as in GSM. In GSM it is
easy to determine when to install TMAs using statistical data like the link balance report, where it shows how
much imbalance you have between uplink and downlink.
Thermal Noise Density is a measure of the radio signal noise in nature. In the bandwidth of a WCDMA
carrier this is -174 dBm/Hz at 290 K.
Eb/No it is the energy per bit to total noise spectrum density ratio. This is the signal to (interference +
noise) ratio after the despreading process. It contains the processing gain. The values are vendorspecific and based on specific service.
30 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Noise Figure (NF) is a measure of extra noise caused by the receiver circuitry. For the WCDMA Node B
this is typically 3 dB.
User data rate the data rate of the type of service (e.g. 12.2 AMR, 384 kbps PS)
The maximum sensitivity of a WCDMA receiver channel is (e.g. using 12.2 kbps AMR):
Sensitivity
Sensitivity
Sensitivity
= Thermal Noise Density + Noise Figure + Eb/no + 10log (user data rate)
= -174 + 3 + 8 + 10log (12.2 kbps)
= -121 dBm
Considering additional losses coming from feeder and connectors, typically around 4 dB, the sensitivity can go
down to -117 dBm.
Being a function of the WCDMA carrier bandwidth and circuit design, Thermal Noise Density and Eb/No are
fixed as far as the network operator is concerned (Eb/No is normally set by vendor as specific to their
equipment). The only component affecting receiver sensitivity that may be improved by the operator is the
system Noise Figure (NF).
Below is a table of different sensitivity levels for different services.
Vendor
Service
Type
Ericsson
Ericsson
Ericsson
Ericsson
Ericsson
AMR
CS
PS
PS
PS
Bit
Rate
(kbps)
Eb/No
(dB)
Node B
NF (dB)
12.2
64
64
128
384
4.8
2.8
3.4
3
2.8
3
3
3
3
3
UL
Sensitivity
with no
LNA (dBm)
-121.34
-116.14
-115.54
-112.93
-108.36
Feeder
Loss
(dB)
4
4
4
4
4
System
NF with
no TMA
(dB)
TMA
gain
(dB)
7
7
7
7
7
12
12
12
12
12
TMA
NF
(dB)
2
2
2
2
2
System
NF with
TMA
(dB)
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
UL Sensitivity
with TMA
(dBm)
-125.69
-120.49
-119.89
-117.28
-112.71
Table 11: Receiver sensitivity of various services with and without TMA
= 10log (Fs)
= F1 + [(F2 1)/G1]
Where:
NFs = System Noise Figure (in dB)
Fs = System Noise Factor (multiplier not dB)
F1 = Noise factor of the TMA (multiplier not dB)
F2 = Noise factor of the base station receiver (includes system losses, e.g. feeder, connector losses)
G1 = Gain of the TMA (multiplier not dB)
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
31 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
In theory cascading TMAs will reduce the NF toward zero. A NF of between 1.5 and 2 dB is the practical limit
of the base station system. The choice of TMA gain is as crucial as its NF. Typically the range is 8 dB to
16 dB. Less than 8 dB gain and the NF improvement reduces significantly and with more than 16 dB you will
only be amplifying the noise floor and incurring excessive base station dynamic range compression.
The following table gives an example of the typical improvements that are possible using TMAs with different
gain
Base Station
Configuration
BS NF = 3 dB
Feeder Loss = 4 dB
NF = 3 + 4 = 7 dB
NF = 2.6 dB (improvement of
4.4 dB)
NF = 2.3 dB (improvement of
4.7 dB)
With a 12 dB gain LNA, one can expect that the UL sensitivity can be improved from -117 dBm to -122 dBm
(close to 5 dB improvement). Typically a low noise TMA with a gain of 12 dB would be used to achieve this
result.
This improvement in uplink sensitivity simply allows the base station to work with farther mobiles. With growing
amount of traffic the improvement actually decreases, as the link budget will be more and more DL limited.
Due to increased uplink sensitivity the number of users in uplink which can be served increases too. One of
the reason can be that if more users can be served in uplink, the transmit powers in downlink increase due to
possible more SHO connections and thus reducing remaining downlink capacity (downlink power). Therefore,
the question how much of the uplink coverage improvement can be utilized in the downlink direction depends
on the current downlink load.
The effect of a TMA in the downlink is the additional TMA insertion loss (normally it is less than 1 dB).
32 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
0
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
33 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
For rooftop sites RRUs can be installed near the antenna and be easily accessible so this is an ideal scenario to
install them. Rooftop sites also tend to utilize longer cable runs so they could benefit significantly by using RRUs
and optical cable.
One of the most important things to consider when deploying RRUs is the total power on the antenna connector.
Consider the case with no RRU and a 40 W output power on the node B antenna connector with 3 dB of feeder
loss results in a 20 W output power on the antenna connector. Using the same PA power of 40 W but this time
with RRU and zero feeder loss, we are looking at 40 W output power on the antenna connector. This amount of
power on the antenna connector might be a little too much to handle in a CDMA system because of the
possibility of too much interference as a result of very high transmit power, unless the density of the sites
deployed is small enough. A 20 W output power on the node B antenna connector is more practical if RRUs are
to be used.
Another thing that needs to be considered also is the power requirements. As of the moment Ericsson can
provide DC power to RRU up to a certain length, which might not be enough for T-Mobiles requirements.
The last thing to consider is the form factor of the RRU itself. The RRU will basically replace your TMA on top of
the tower and it might be an issue for zoning. Current RRU solutions from vendors are bigger in dimension,
significantly bigger than a regular TMA.
As far as uplink sensitivity is concerned the sensitivity is around -125 dBm as computed on section 6.6 (TMA and
RRU usage comparison)
34 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
RRU
RRU
RRU
Fiber optic cables
(replacing coax cables)
System Module
Figure 2: Typical RRU installation. Fiber optic cables are practically lossless so the 3 dB feeder loss (typical
case) is eliminated. RRUs are connected to the antenna via short jumper cables.
35 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
1.4
4.4
Gain
Antenna to TMA jumper
(dB)
LNA (dB)
Feeders (dB)
Feeder to BTS jumper (dB)
Node B Noise Figure (dB)
-0.5
12
-3
-0.5
3
0.89
15.85
0.50
0.89
2.00
1.12
1.38
2.00
1.12
2.00
System NF (linear)
System NF (dB)
Receiver sensitivity
(dBm)
1.79
2.54
-126.20
Gain
Antenna to TMA jumper
(dB)
Feeders (dB)
Feeder to BTS jumper(dB)
Node B Noise Figure (dB)
-0.5
-3
-0.5
3
NF
(dB)
0.5
3
0.5
3
No LNA
Linear
Gain
Linear NF = F
0.89
0.50
0.89
2.00
System NF (linear)
System NF (dB)
Receiver sensitivity
(dBm)
5.01
7.00
-121.74
Gain
Antenna to TMA jumper
(dB)
Feeders (dB)
Feeder to BTS jumper (dB)
LNA (dB)
Node B Noise Figure (dB)
1.12
2.00
1.12
2.00
-0.5
-3
-0.5
12
3
0.89
0.50
0.89
15.85
2.00
System NF (linear)
System NF (dB)
Receiver sensitivity
(dBm)
1.12
2.00
1.12
1.38
2.00
3.63
5.59
-123.14
36 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Gain
Antenna to TMA jumper
(dB)
RRU
Feeders (dB)
Feeder to BTS jumper (dB)
-0.5
12
0
-0.5
NF
(dB)
0.5
3
0
0.5
Linear
Gain
Linear NF = F
0.89
15.85
1.00
0.89
System NF (linear)
System NF (dB)
Receiver sensitivity
(dBm)
1.12
2.00
1.00
1.12
2.25
3.52
-125.22
-125.00
6.00
-124.00
5.00
-123.00
4.00
-122.00
3.00
-121.00
2.00
-120.00
-119.00
No LNA
7.00
LNA at base
-126.00
RRU in use
8.00
System NF (dB)
Sensitivity (dBm)
System NF (dB)
-127.00
TMA in use
1.00
0.00
37 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
6.8 Recommendation
TMAs shall be implemented on all cells to enhance coverage/penetration by offsetting the feeder loss and improving
the uplink sensitivity and overall system noise figure.
However, there are situations where TMAs may not be required. The exceptions are outlined below:
1. In case RRUs can be used and can be installed close to the antennas, then TMAs are not recommended,
even if the GSM system has TMAs or the site is serving rural or dense urban areas. This recommendation is
applicable only if the regular coax cables are not being used; instead fiber optic cables are used so there is no
feeder loss to be considered.
2. Microcells in any type of environment that are intended to cover short distances.
38 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
RFS Model
Andrew Model
Kathrein Model
To be confirmed
ETT19V2A12UB
782 10601
39 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
The 3G-network should come as an almost one-to-one overlay over the 2G-network. This means that the
2G-sites must be considered for co-location and provides the grid for the 3G-design in a best-effort mode.
This must be assessed on a per-market basis though, since the 2G-site-density varies a lot across the country;
some areas may not justify the same site density in 3G-phase-One, some others may already require site
densification to cope with 3G requirements.
The 2G system performance shall not be impacted whatsoever solution is chosen for the 3G design. This
implies that azimuths cannot be tuned for 3G if antennas are shared by both 2G and 3G systems.
If the specific configuration of a site constrains the two systems (both 3G and 2G) to use the same antenna
tuning (tilts and/or azimuths), then the site may be excluded since the traffic increase may impact the 3G
quality (and if the antenna system is retuned, then the 2G quality may be impacted)
A certain degree of cell coverage overlap is required for the smooth functioning of soft and softer handovers
and thus provides ubiquitous service coverage. However, if cell-overlap in the network exceeds certain limits, it
is increasing the interference level for a low actual contribution to the macrodiversity.
The site overlap should occur only in areas of fast-decreasing energy fields to limit at maximum the outer-cell
interference levels.
As an example, assuming a 2-slope radio propagation model (if d is the distance from the site, first slope
2
4
would be proportional to 1/d , second slope would be proportional to 1/d ), the site overlap should happen only
4
in the 1/d -slope zone. This should insure the best outer-cell interference control.
Use antennas with no more than 65 degrees horizontal beam width for 3-sectored sites, and no more than 33
degrees for 6-sectored sites.
We would define a high site as a relative notion. All site heights should be homogeneous: a high site would be a
site that is 25% higher than its neighbors (up to the third tier). The site heights shall be also coherent with the clutter
height to insure clearance without covering further than the intended coverage.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
40 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
8 Indoor Coverage
The description Indoor Coverage encompasses all location where radiating elements (either UEs or UMTS Base
Station Antennas) are located inside a construction or a closed area. So for this purposes Indoor Coverage includes
areas such as buildings or groups of buildings (commercial buildings, suburban houses, shopping malls, university
campuses, airport terminals, etc) and also tunnels.
The main constraints and aims of indoor coverage can be listed as:
Provide a high quality coverage inside the closed area (e.g. on all floors of a commercial building)
Offer dedicated capacity for the indoor traffic levels and application requirements
All floors should be covered the same way, which imply planning on a very large vertical scale for some of the
commercial buildings or housing buildings (e.g. towers in city downtowns).
Indoor capacity requirements will vary from floor to floor and from day time to evening time (e.g. parking levels
versus office levels; business hours versus evening and night hours); services need to be planned accurately
including these differences
The previous bullet is directly link to the difficulty of containing the RF. It may be difficult to provide the needed
capacity for indoor users of a commercial building during office hours and avoid important RF leakage when
the traffic demand is not met anymore (at evenings and nights, during the weekends)
Indoor users profile highly differs from typical outdoor user profiles (indoor profiles have typically a much lower
mobility, higher throughput expectations).
UMTS cell size is dependent of the number of simultaneous users, hence no predefined cell size can be
reliably stated
Most often in indoor the multipath delays are much lower than outdoor and lower than 1 chip 9. The Rake
receiver is not able to distinguish the different multipaths at such low delays and there is a loss in time diversity
compared to outdoor results.
Typical values to be considered would be less than 50 ns in homes, less than 100 ns in offices and less than 250 ns
in manufactures. As a reminder, a UMTS chip is slightly larger than 260 ns, which would be the minimum delay spread
to consider for the Rake receiver to distinguish between multipaths.
T-Mobile USA, Inc.
Strictly Confidential and Proprietary
41 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Building penetration losses and composite standard deviations should be used in the link budgets
In case of macrocell sites (antennas above roof level), only the upper floors will have deep indoor coverage
whereas the lowest floors may have barely indoor coverage.
In case of microcell sites (antennas under roof level, at the level of second or third floors maximum), lower
floors may be well covered in case the microcell antenna is pointing directly at the building. The in-building
coverage is factored in the microcell design and is one of its main targets.
The link budget for outdoor coverage will be unbalanced compared to the indoor link budget: the outdoor
node-Bs will transmit at high power to reach the indoor UEs, hence increasing strongly the downlink
outdoor noise level.
The indoor coverage by outdoor sites is a solution to be applied in suburban areas and for low-penetration-loss
buildings but must be avoided for high indoor traffic commercial areas or in high-rise building locations.
42 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Indoor coverage from repeaters is advised when the outdoor donor has spare capacity and the targeted building a
good isolation (high penetration losses), provided it meets E-911 requirements.
For high-rise buildings and high-indoor traffic in closed structures, indoor sites must be the solution.
The indoor coverage will be deemed valid as long as the levels at the UE antenna connector, the UE being indoor, are
equal or superior to the minimum required levels for outdoor coverage defined as:
-14 dB
-12 dB
-12 dB
-11 dB
-10 dB
-105 dBm
-102 dBm
-102 dBm
-97 dBm
-92 dBm
43 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
9 Repeaters
Due to E-911 legal requirements, there is currently no product available as UMTS repeaters.
However, would an E-911-compliant UMTS repeater appear on the market, it should be considered as an efficient
solution to provide coverage using spare capacity of low loaded sites into hot spots or coverage holes. It would also be
handy for providing indoor coverage from outdoor low-loaded macrocells, avoiding the penetration loss issues.
Repeater can however be considered for indoor coverage if they do not hamper with the E-911 coverage.
44 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
45 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Too high
Too many constraints for co-location (must use shared antennas between 2G and 3G, not enough space,
imply a move of 2G-aerials or a re-engineering of the site, etc)
etc
46 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Primary Pilot Coverage: from the PCPICH_RSCP plot, check the areas without coverage. These identify the
coverage holes due to lack of RF energy. These holes need to be fixed by providing enough RF energy in
them.
Primary Pilot Pollution Control: the downlink best server plot will show how well the RF is controlled, showing
the containment efficiency. Each of the best server must be contained in the area of coverage and must not
overshoot or resurge in unexpected places. Deeper analyses may be done by plotting the actual coverage of
one cell only: this will show all the containment issues for this very cell, compared to the target coverage area.
Primary Pilot Quality Control: from the PCPICH_Ec/N0 plot, an estimation of the signal quality can be done.
The poor PCPICH_Ec/N0 areas will identify the bad quality areas. This may be due to lack of RF energy (but
this should have been already identified), pilot pollution (this should have been also mostly solved previously
by the RF control and containment) or inadequacy between the design and the traffic level.
Macrodiversity control: from the soft-handover plot, the macrodiversity zones shall be checked. The areas with
too many pilots planned in the active set must be reduced to the very minimum, where areas with too low
macrodiversity may be reviewed.
3G and 2G: overlaps between both networks at the 3G-coverage border must be checked; also, no holes
within the 3G-network should allow a UE to go down to the 2G-network, especially when the network is
loaded.
These analyses may suggest a number of changes to be made even after running the ACP: adding sites, removing
sites, improving sites, changing hard-parameters (typically aerial parameters), changing soft-parameters (SHO
thresholds, triggers, minimum and maximum power allowed, etc). Changing the overall power distribution (starting with
CPICH power changed on a site-by-site basis) shall be avoided or kept as a last-resource solution.
47 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Mapdata
Polygons
1. Service Area Polygons for Speech, CS64, PS64 in Mapinfo tab format, based on speech simulations.
2. Exemption Area Polygons in Mapinfo tab format
Equipment Specs
1. Antenna Patterns for all tilts
2. Antenna Line Product specs
48 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
12 Appendix A
12.1 Definitions
As a reminder, all 3GPP definitions can be found in 3GPP 21.905.
Term
Definition
3GPP
Acronym
ACP
ADCH
AICH
AISG
BER
BLER
---
Combiner
CQI
---
Diplexer
DL
HARQ
Downlink
Global System for Mobile
Communications
Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest
HCS
HHO
Hard Handover
HSDPA
HS-SCCH
HSUPA
IRAT
IUO
LNA
MAC
MAC-d
MAC-hs
Mc/s
MDC
MHA
NB
Node -B
OMC
PCPICH
PDU
GSM
HS-DPCCH
HS-PDSCH
PCCPCH
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(Ericsson's equipment)
PICH
PSCH
QoC
QoS
RAB
RAT
RC
RLC
Radiating Center
Radio Link Control
RNC
RTWP
SCCPCH
SDU
SNR
SSCH
TMA
TRX
UE
UL
UMTS
VEDT
12.2 References
Ref
Filename
Description
[PoR]
[3GPP_21.905]
[3GPP_25.104]
[3GPP_25.211]
25211-580.zip
[3GPP_25.213]
[3GPP_25.215]
25213-560.zip
25215-570.zip
[3GPP_25.321]
25321-690.zip
[3GPP_25.322]
[3GPP-45.005]
25322-5d0.zip
45005-5e0.zip
[A3G]
[KPI]
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(Ericsson's equipment)
13 AWS Band
51 of 52
(Ericsson's equipment)
Document History
Version
Date
1.0
2.0
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
08/17/2006
10/02/2006
10/10/2006
10/16/2006
11/14/2006
11/20/2006
11/22/2006
11/30/2006
3.6
12/22/2006
3.7
01/17/2007
Comments
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