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AP Chemistry: Equilibrium Test
Multiple choice questions (Worth 3 points)
1. Identify the INCORRECT statement below regarding chemical equilibrium:
a) All chemical reactions are, in principle, reversible.
b) Equilibrium is achieved when the forward reaction rate equals the reverse reaction rate.
c) Equilibrium is achieved when the concentration of species become constant.
d) Equilibrium is achieved when the reaction quotient Q equals the equilibrium constant.
e) Equilibrium is achieved when the reactant and product concentrations become equal.
2. Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia:
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <==> 2 NH3(g)
At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant is Kc = 2.0. An equilibrium mixture is found to
contain concentrations of N2 equal to 0.15 M and H2 equal to 0.30 M. What is the concentration
of NH3 in this mixture?
a) 2.7 x 10-2 M
b) 0.16 M
c) 8.1 x 10-3 M
d) 9.0 x 10-2 M
3. Write the appropriate equilibrium constant expression Kc for the following reaction:
2 CO(g) + O2(g) <==> 2 CO2(g)

4. Suppose we rewrote the balanced reaction in Problem #3 as:

What would be the equilibrium constant for this reaction?
a) same, Kc = Kc
b) Kc = (Kc )
2
d) Kc = Kc
e) Kc = 1/ Kc

c) Kc = Kc/2

5. When Kc >> 1 for a chemical reaction:

a) the equilibrium would be achieved rapidly.
b) the equilibrium would be achieved slowly.
c) reactants would be much more stable than products.
d) product concentrations would be much greater than reactant concentrations at equilibrium.
e) reactant concentrations would be much greater than product concentrations at equilibrium.

6. In the rearrangement reaction: cyclopropane <==> propene

the equilibrium constant at a certain temperature is Kc = 3.0. A reaction vessel initially having a
cyclopropane concentration [cyclopropane]0 = 2.0 M and no propene and is allowed to come to
equilibrium. What will be the concentration of propene at equilibrium?
a) 0.0 M
b) 0.66 M
c) 1.5 M
d) 2.0 M
7. The value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction: 2 HBr(g) <==> H2(g) + Br2(g)
is Kc = 1.26 x 10-12 at 500 K. This implies that:
a) the product concentrations will be large relative to the reactants at equilibrium.
b) the reaction has a small reaction rate constant.
c) the rate of this reaction is very slow.
d) the reactants are much more thermodynamically stable than the products.
8. Given the information in Problem #7, what would be the value of the equilibrium constant K'c
for the related reaction written in the following fashion?
H2(g) + Br2(g) <==> HBr(g)
a) 7.9 x 1011
b) 8.9 x 105
c) 1.1 x 10-6
d) 1.26 x 10-12
9. Based on the information in Problem #7, what will be the corresponding value of Kp, the
pressure form of the equilibrium constant? (R = 0.08206 L-atm/mol K)
a) 5.17 x 10-12
b) 1.26 x 10-12
-13
c) 3.07 x 10
d) 2.12 x 1011
10. What would be the effect of decreasing the pressure by increasing the volume on the
following system at equilibrium?
2 CO(g) + O2 <==> 2 CO2(g)
a) The Kp value would get smaller.
b) The Kp value would get larger.
c) The equilibrium would be perturbed and would show a net shift to the left.
d) The equilibrium would be perturbed and would show a net shift to the right.
e) There would be no effect. The system is at equilibrium.
11. A simple unimolecular reaction A <==> B has an equilibrium constant Kc = 2.5. If initially
the concentration of A in the reaction vessel is 1.0 M and there is no B present, what will be the
concentration of A and B when the system reaches equilibrium?
a) [A] = 1.0 M, [B] = 2.5 M
b) [A] = 2.5 M, [B] = 1.0 M
c) [A] = 0.330 M, [B] = 0.825 M
d) [A] = 0.714 M, [B] = 0.286 M
e) [A] = 0.286 M, [B] = 0.714 M
12. Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia in the Haber process: N2(g) + 3 H2(g) <==>
2 NH3(g)
An equilibrium mixture at a given temperature is found to contain 0.31 mol/L N2, 0.50 mol/L
H2, and 0.14 mol/L NH3. Calculate the value of Kc at the given temperature.
a) 1.97
b) 0.903
c) 1.107
d) 0.506
2

13. The reaction: 2 NO2(g) <==> 2 NO(g) + O2(g) is endothermic. If additional O2 is added to a
vessel at equilibrium what will ultimately happen to the NO2 concentration? It will
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
14. In the reaction in Problem #13, what will happen to the NO(g) concentration after additional
O2 is added? It will
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
15. In the reaction in Problem #13, what will happen to the NO2(g) concentration if the
temperature is increased? It will
a) increase
b) decrease
c) remain the same
16. The equilibrium constant for the reaction:
Br2(g) + F2(g) <---> 2 BrF(g)
is 54.7. What is the equilibrium concentration of BrF if the initial concentrations of bromine and
fluorine were both 0.250 mol/L?
a) [BrF] = 0.241 M
b) [BrF] = 0.482 M
c) [BrF] = 0.00882 M
d) [BrF]= 0.25 M
e) [BrF] = 0.39 M
17. For the reaction: 2 H2(g) + O2(g) <==> 2 H2O(g)
the concentrations in the reaction vessel at a given time are [H2] = 3.0 M, [O2] = 2.0 M
and [H2O] = 0.01 M. What is the value of the reaction quotient Q expressed in terms of
concentrations?
a) 6.0 x 102
b) 1.8 x 105
c) 1.66 x 10-3
d) 5.5 x 10-6
18. In a given mixture of N2, Cl2 and NCl3 gases, the following partial pressures are found:
PN2 = 0.17 atm, PCl2 = 0.43 atm, PNCl3 = 7.0 atm
If the equilibrium constant for the reaction N2 + 3 Cl2 <==> 2 NCl3 is Kp = 1.0 x 103, what is
expected to happen to this mixture?
a) It is not in equilibrium and will proceed in the forward direction.
b) It is not in equilibrium and will proceed in the reverse direction.
c) The mixture is in equilibrium and will not change.
19. Which of the following changes can affect the value of the equilibrium constant?
a) introducing a catalyst
b) changing the concentrations of species
c) changing the temperature inside the reaction vessel
d) changing the initial concentrations of species
e) changing the pressure inside the reaction vessel

20. A collection of gases N2(g), Cl2(g) and NCl3(g) are in equilibrium in a reaction vessel.
N2(g) + 3 Cl2(g) <==> 2 NCl3(g)
Suddenly the vessel size is compressed to half its volume. What will happen?
a) The system will no longer be in equilibrium and more product will form as equilibrium is
restored.
b) The system will no longer be in equilibrium and more reactants will form as equilibrium is
restored.
c) Nothing will change. The system is at equilibrium.
d) The equilibrium constant will get larger.
e) The equilibrium constant will get smaller.
21. A simple reaction is the cis-trans isomerization of an alkene : cis-alkene <==> trans-alkene
with an equilibrium constant Kc = 0.50. Suppose the initial concentration of the cis form is 1.0 M
and the trans is 0.0 M. What will the concentration of the trans form be when the system reaches
equilibrium?
a) 0.50 M
b) 0.33 M
c) 1.0 M
d) 0.25 M
e) 1.5 M
22. For the reaction: H2 + Cl2 <-----> 2 HCl
If 5.00 mol of H2 and 3.00 mol of Cl2 are placed in a 2.00 liter flask and allowed to reach
equilibrium and at equilibrium there are 4.50 mol of H2 found, what is the Kc of the reaction?
a) 1.35
b) 0.0889
c) 0.0220
d) 0.0667
e) 0.122
For the equilibrium H2(g) + I2(g) <-----> 2HI(g)
(Hf for HI = + 25.9 kJ/mol) use the following choices for questions #23-#25 to determine in
which direction will the equilibrium shift if:
a) left
b) right
c) no change
23. HI(g) is removed.
24.The container volume is suddenly doubled.
25. The temperature of the system is doubled.
26. For the dimerization of NO2, 2NO2 <==> N2O4. Kc = 215 at 22 C. Suppose that 0.0456
mol/L of the brown gas NO2 were detected spectroscopically in a closed container. What must be
the concentration of the colorless gas N2O4, in the same container, assuming a state of
equilibrium exists?
a) 44.7 M
b) 9.8 M
c) 0.45 M
d) 2.22 M
27. Given the following equilibrium reaction: ZnCO3(s) <==>ZnO(s) + CO2(g).
Which one of the following statements is true?
a) K = [CO2][ZnO]/[ZnCO3]
b) The system cannot come to equilibrium.
c) Raising the partial pressure of CO2 will cause more ZnCO3(s) to form.
4

d) Increasing the volume will cause more ZnCO3(s) to form.

e) None are true.
Short Answer Questions Show all work when necessary and round to the appropriate
number of significant figures.
28. What will happen to the number of moles of SO3 in equilibrium with SO2 and O2 in each of the
following cases in the reaction 2SO3 (g) <==> 2SO2 (g) + O2 (g)
H = 197 kJ
a. Oxygen gas is added. [1 point]

b. The pressure is increased by decreasing the volume of the reaction container. [1 point]

c. The temperature is decreased. [1 point]

d. Gaseous sulfur dioxide is removed. [1 point]

29. At 303 K and in a 2.00 Liter flask, 56% of 2.00 mol of gaseous SO2Cl2 decomposes to SO2 (g)
and Cl2 (g) to reach equilibrium. Calculate the value of Keq (Kc or Kp) for this system. [6 points]

30. At 125 C, Kp = 0.25 for the reaction 2NaHCO3 (s) <==>Na2CO3 (s) + CO2 (g) + H2O (g). A
1.00-L flask containing 10.0 grams of NaHCO3 is evacuated and heated to 125 C.
a. Calculate the partial pressures of CO2 and H2O after equilibrium is established. [2 points]

b. Calculate the masses of NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 present at equilibrium. [4 points]

Hint: Use the ideal gas law and stoichiometry to obtain your answer.

c. Calculate the minimum container volume necessary for all of the NaHCO3 to decompose. [3
points]