Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Columns
J Y Richard Liew
Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
National University of Singapore
Tel: +65 6516 2154
Fax: +65 6779 1635
Email: cveljy@nus.edu.sg
Applications of CFTs
Partially encased
Encased
Infilled
General comments on
composite columns
Can be complex
p
in fabrication and/or construction,,
but
Can be very strong - range of capacities for the
same external dimensions. It may be possible to
keep columns externally similar over all storeys of
a building.
M
Mostt types
t
have
h
high
hi h iinherent
h
t fifire resistance
i t
without additional protection.
Concrete-encased sections
bc
Completely Encased
Steel Section
b
cy
cy
cz
y
tw
hc
t
f
cz
z
Concrete-encased sections
Partially Encased Steel
Section
b = bc
Concrete is poured in 2
stages with section
horizontal.
Needs additional
reinforcement for fire
resistance.
h = hc
tw
t
f
Concrete-encased sections
Fabricated Steel Section
b = bc
b
h = hc
y
tw
t
f
b
t
y
t
Needs additional
reinforcement for fire
resistance.
May need additional fire
protection material.
z
9
Concrete-filled hollow
sections
Concrete-Filled Circular
Hollow Section
z
10
sections
Concrete-Filled Circular Hollow
Section encasing an open section
z
11
cy
> 40mm
> b/6
cy
12
235 / fy.k
tf
d / t 90 2
d / t 52
Bare steel 40
b / t f 44
Bare steel 15 13
S355 Steel
355
40
C40 concrete
0.00175
0.0035
14
25
30
35
40
45
50
29000
30500
32000
33500
35000
36000
37000
(N/mm2)
2400
2
16
Design Methods
Simplified Method
Full interaction between the steel and concrete sections until failure
failure,
Geometric imperfections and residual stresses taken into account in
calculation, using Eurocode buckling curves,
Plane sections remain plane.
18
bc
b
c
y
c
z
6%
y
t
w
hc
t
f
c
z
19
cy
cy
cz
Concrete cover :
y-direction: 40 mm < cy < 0,4 bc
z-direction: 40 mm < cz < 0,3 hc
hc
cz
z
20
10
Concrete-encased sections
N pl . Rd Aa
fy
Ac .0,85
f ck
As
f sk
Section
Concrete
Reinforcement
a = 1.0; c = 1.5; s = 1.15 are material factor of safety
21
Npl.Rd A a
fy
Ma
Ac
fck
f
A s sk
c
s
S ti
Section
Concrete
Confinement causes increased
concrete resistance from 0,85fck to fck.
Reinforcement
22
11
Relative slenderness
Mmax.Sd 0,1NSdd
23
N pl.Rd A a 1
fy
a
Ac
f ck
f sk
t fy
1 2
As
c
s
d f ck
1 1 0 (1 1 0 ) 1 0
d
d
2
1 0 0 , 2 5 ( 3 2 ) 1, 0
20 4,9 18,5 17 0
Eccentricity effect
Slenderness effect
For e > d/10 use 10 = 1 and 20 = 0
24
12
1
2
25
Length Effect
Basic values 10 and 20 to allow for the effect
of triaxial confinement in concrete filled circular
hollow sections
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
20
4.9
3.22
1.88
0.88
0.22
0.0
10
0.75
0.80
0.85
0.90
0.95
1.00
2 = 20 = 4.9
fsk
t fy
1 2
As
a
d f ck
s
t y
0.75A a f y 0.67A c f ck 1 4.9
26 s f sk
0.87A
d f ck
pl.Rd
A a 1
fy
Ac
f ck
c
13
Summary
Concrete-encased sections
N pl.Rd A a f y 0.57A c f ck 0.87A s f sk
C
Concrete-filled
t fill d circular
i
l hollow
h ll
sections
ti
t fy
N pl.Rd A a f y 1 0.67A c f ck 1 2
0.87A s f sk
d f ck
27
Advantages of CFSTs
2>1+1
>
Circular
>
OR
28
14
Questions
Q1 Why concrete filled tube is more efficient
than encased steel column to resist axial
load?
Q2 Why is it important to use compact
section for composite columns?
Q3 What are the key advantages of
concrete filled composite columns
compared to encased columns?
29
N sd N pl , Rd
but 1.0
2
1
1 0.2
2
0.21
0.34
0.49
30
15
[ ]1/ 2
Nb.Rd / Npl.Rd
Plastic resistance
Perfect critical
loads
(b) 0,34
0 34 L/210 E
Encased
dH
H-sections
ti
i
in
major axis buckling,
Concrete-filled sections,
3%<reinf<6%, or withsteel
section.
(c) 0,49 L/170 Encased H-sections in
minor axis buckling.
Cross-section
1,0
31
Relative Slenderness
Axis of
buckling
Buckling
curve
Member
imperfection
x-x
L/200
y-y
L/150
x-x
L/200
y-y
L/150
s 3%
any
L/300
3% < s 6%
any
L/200
x-x
L/200
y-y
L/200
any
L/200
Limits
Buckling
curves and
member
imperfections
for composite
columns
x
y
y
y
32
y
16
Non-dimensional Slenderness
Characteristic strength
N pl . Rk Aa f y Ac .0,85 f ck As f sk
= (Npl.Rk /
Ncr)
33
Ncr
2 (EI)e
L2fl
Ecm
Ic E sIs
c
0.6
34
17
Ncr
2 (EI)e
L2fl
E c E cm
Effective stiffness
1
N G.Sd
t
1
NSd
NG.Sd is permanent
part of the axial
p
design load NSd
t
is EC2 creep
coefficient = 0.5
Lfl is buckling length of column (may be taken as system length for rigid frame).
Section Types
Nonsway column
Sway Column
Concrete encased
0.8
0.5
Concrete filled
0.8(1-)
0.5(1-)
where
Aa f y
a N pl.Rd
36
18
Buckling Resistance - EC 4
Design Procedure
Determine
(EI)e flexural stiffness of the cross section
Plastic resistance Npl,Rk and elastic critical
buckling load Ncr
N pl.Rk
Non-dimensional slenderness ratio
N cr
Reduction ratio x
Buckling resistance x Npl,Rd
Check NSd Npl.Rd
37
Homework
Q1 Determine the cross-section compression resistance
(Length = 0) of the CHS columns without infilled concrete.
Design a smaller infilled concrete section that can resist
the same axial load as the pure steel CHS section.
(a)
(b)
19
UC S355 steel
39
Q4
1
6000
3000
5
6000
6
6000
3000
Column C
80
00
4
6000
6000
80
00
Column A
3350
4
A
3350
3350
1
3750
Columns to
be
designed
G
8000
8000
40
20
Q5 Simple Construction
12m
Column A
6m
41
Q6
Determine the cross section axial capacity
CHS 219 x 6.3 S355
CHS 168 x 6.3 S355
C35/45 Concrete
42
21