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m0Q 02
4p lRCd
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Chapter Opening Question
solenoid turns squeeze them together in the direction along its axis
but push them apart radially. The electric forces are zero because
the wire is electrically neutral, with as much positive charge as
there is negative charge.
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28.5 Answers: (a) (ii), (b) (v) The vector dB is in the direction of
S
S
S
d l : r . For a segment on the negative y-axis, d l kN dl points
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S
S
in the negative z-direction and r xn an. Hence d l : r
N
N
1a dl2 1x dl2, which has a positive x-component, a negative
y-component, and
zero z-component. For a segment on the negaS
tive z-axis, d l N dl Spoints in the positive y-direction and
S
S
r x N akN . Hence d l : r 11a dl2n 11x dl2kN , which has
a positive x-component, zero y-component, and a negative
z-component.
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28.6 Answer: (ii) Imagine carrying out the integral A B d l
along an integration path that goes counterclockwise around the
red magnetic
eld line. At each point along
the path the magnetic
S
S
eld B and
the
innitesimal
segment
are
both tangent
to Sthe
d
l
S
S
S
path, so B d l is positive at each point and the integral A B d l is
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S
likewise positive. It follows from Amperes law A B d l = m0 Iencl
and the right-hand rule that the integration path encloses a current
directed out of the plane of the page. There are no currents in the
empty space outside the magnet, so there must be currents inside
the magnet (see Section 28.8).
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28.7 Answer: (iii) By symmetry, any B eld outside the cable
must circulate around the cable, with circular eld lines like those
surrounding the solid cylindrical conductor in Fig. 28.20. Choose
an integration path like the one shown in Fig. 28.20 with radius
encloses the cable. As in Examr 7 R, so that the path completely
S
S
ple 28.8, the integral A B d l for this path has magnitude
B12pr2. From Amperes law this is equal to m0 Iencl . The net
enclosed current Iencl is zero because it includes two currents of
equal magnitude but opposite direction: one in the central wire and
one in the hollow cylinder. Hence B12pr2 = 0, and so B = 0 for
any value of r outside the cable. (The eld is nonzero inside the
cable; see Exercise 28.45.)
28.8 Answer: (i), (iv) Sodium and uranium are paramagnetic
materials and hence are attracted to a magnet, while bismuth and
lead are diamagnetic materials that are repelled by a magnet. (See
Table 28.1.)
Bridging Problem
Answer: B =
m0nQ
a