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CHAPTER 27 Magnetic Field and Magnetic Forces

Electric motors: In a dc motor a magnetic eld exerts a torque on a current in the rotor. Motion of the
rotor through the magnetic eld causes an induced emf called a back emf. For a series motor, in which
the rotor coil is in parallel with coils that produce the magnetic eld, the terminal voltage is the sum of
the back emf and the drop Ir across the internal resistance. (See Example 27.11.)

Rotation axis
v Rotor
S

B
I

I
S
t

Brush

Commutator
I

I
+

The Hall effect: The Hall effect is a potential difference

perpendicular to the direction of current in a conductor,
when the conductor is placed in a magnetic eld. The
Hall potential is determined by the requirement that the
associated electric eld must just balance the magnetic
force on a moving charge. Hall-effect measurements can
be used to determine the sign of charge carriers and
their concentration n. (See Example 27.12.)

BRIDGING PROBLEM

nq =

-Jx By
Ez

z
(27.30)
Jx

b


F

y
By

vd

e
+ + + q
+ + +
+ +
B
y

Jx
x

Magnetic Torque on a Current-Carrying Ring

A circular ring with area 4.45 cm2 is carrying a current of 12.5 A.

The ring, initially at S
rest, is immersed in a region of uniform magnetic eld given by B 11.15 * 10-2 T2112n 3n 4kN 2. The
ring is positioned initially such that its magnetic moment is given
S
by M i m1-0.800n 0.600n2, where m is the (positive) magnitude of the magnetic moment. (a) Find the initial magnetic torque
on the ring. (b) The ring (which is free to rotate around one diameter) is released and turns through an angle of 90.0, at which point
S
its magnetic moment is given by M f -mkN . Determine the
decrease in potential energy. (c) If the moment of inertia of the ring
about a diameter is 8.50 * 10 -7 kg # m2, determine the angular
speed of the ring as it passes through the second position.
SOLUTION GUIDE
See MasteringPhysics study area for a Video Tutor solution.

IDENTIFY and SET UP

1. The current-carrying ring acts as a magnetic dipole, so you can
use the equations for a magnetic dipole in a uniform magnetic
eld.

Problems

2. There are no nonconservative forces acting on the ring as it

rotates, so the sum of its rotational kinetic energy (discussed in
Section 9.4) and the potential energy is conserved.
EXECUTE
3. Use the vector expression for the torque on a magnetic dipole
to nd the answer to part (a). (Hint: You may want to review
Section 1.10.)
4. Find the change in potential energy from the rst orientation of
the ring to the second orientation.
5. Use your result from step 4 to nd the rotational kinetic energy
of the ring when it is in the second orientation.
6. Use your result from step 5 to nd the rings angular speed
when it is in the second orientation.
EVALUATE
7. If the ring were free to rotate around any diameter, in what
direction would the magnetic moment point when the ring is in
a state of stable equilibrium?

For instructor-assigned homework, go to www.masteringphysics.com

. , .. , ... : Problems of increasing difculty. CP: Cumulative problems incorporating material from earlier chapters. CALC: Problems
requiring calculus. BIO: Biosciences problems.

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
Q27.1 Can a charged particle move through a magnetic eld without experiencing any force? If so, how? If not, Swhy not?
Q27.2 At any point in space, the electric eld E is dened to be in
the direction of the electric force on a positively charged particle
at
S
that point. Why dont we similarly dene the magnetic eld B to

be in the direction of the magnetic force on a moving, positively

charged particle?
Q27.3 Section 27.2 describes a procedure for nding the direction
of the magnetic force using your right hand. If you use the same
procedure, but with your left hand, will you get the correct direction for the force? Explain.