ASTM A325 OR A490 BOLTS

6 - 401

Table C1
Nominal Bolt
Size, Inches
D

Bolt Dimensions, Inches

Heavy Hex Structural Bolts

Nut Dimensions, Inches

Heavy Hex Nuts

Width across
flats, F

Height
H

Thread
length

Width across
flats, W

Height
H

5
16
25
64
15
32
35
64
39
64
11
16
25
32
27
32
15
16

1
114
138
112
134
2
2
214
214

7
8
1116
114
1716
158
11316

31
64
39
64
47
64
55
64
64
64
1764
1732
11132
11532

1
2
5
8
3
4
7
8

8
1116
114
1716
158
11316

1
118
114
138
112

2
2316
238

2
2316
238

Thread
Length
A325

Bolt Length

Nut may be chamfered

on both faces
Fig. C1. Heavy hex structural bolt and heavy hex nut

structural bolt is specified to be the same size as a heavy hex nut of the same nominal diameter in order that the ironworker may use a single size wrench or socket
on both the bolt head and the nut. Heavy hex structural bolts have shorter thread
length than bolts for general application. By making the body length of the bolt
the control dimension, it has been possible to exclude the thread from all shear planes,
except in the case of thin outside parts adjacent to the nut. Depending upon the amount
of bolt length added to adjust for incremental stock lengths, the full thread may extend
into the grip by as much as 38 inch for 12, 58, 34, 78, 114, and 112 in. diameter bolts
and as much as 12 inch for 1, 118 and 138 in. diameter bolts. Inclusion of some thread
run-out in the plane of shear is permissible. Of equal or even greater importance
is exercise of care to provide sufficient thread for nut tightening to keep the nut threads
from jamming into the thread run-out. When the thickness of an outside part is less
than the amount the threads may extend into the grip tabulated above, it may be
necessary to call for the next increment of bolt length together with sufficient flat
washers to ensure full tightening of the nut without jamming nut threads on the thread
run-out.
There is an exception to the short thread length requirements for ASTM A325
bolts discussed in the foregoing. Beginning with ASTM A325-83, supplementary
requirements have been added to the ASTM A325 Specification which permit the
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

ASTM A325 OR A490 BOLTS

TYPE

A325
BOLT

A490
NUT

(1)

6 - 405

NUT

XYZ
A490

XYZ

MFGR IDENTIFICATION
(TYPICAL)
XYZ

XYZ
A325

BOLT

XYZ

DH

D
ARCS INDICATE
GRADE C

XYZ
A325

DH OR 2H (2)

GRADE MARK (2)

D, DH, 2 OR 2H

XYZ
A490

SAME AS TYPE 1

NOTE MANDATORY
3 RADIAL LINES
AT 60

NOTE MANDATORY
6 RADIAL LINES
AT 30

(3)

XYZ
A325
NOTE MANDATORY
UNDERLINE

SAME AS
TYPE 1

(3)
XYZ
3

(3)

XYZ
A490

XYZ
DH3

DH3
NOTE MANDATORY

(1) ADDITIONAL OPTIONAL 3 RADIAL LINES AT 120 MAY BE ADDED.

(2) TYPE 3 ALSO ACCEPTABLE
(3) ADDITIONAL OPTIONAL MARK INDICATING WEATHERING MAY BE ADDED

Fig. C2. Required marking for acceptable bolt and nut assemblies

tion of pressure, is waived for alternative design fasteners which incorporate a bearing
surface under the head of the same diameter as the hardened washer; however, the
requirements for hardened washers to satisfy the principal requirement of providing
a non-galling surface under the element turned in tightening is not waived. The
maximum thickness is the same for all standard washers up to and including 112
inch bolt diameter in order that washers may be produced from a single stock of
material.
The requirement that heat-treated washers not less than 516 inch thick be used
to cover oversize and slotted holes in external plies, when A490 bolts of 118 inch
or larger diameter are used, was found necessary to distribute the high clamping
pressure so as to prevent collapse of the hole perimeter and enable development
of the desired clamping force. Preliminary investigation has shown that a similar
but less severe deformation occurs when oversize or slotted holes are in the interior
plies. The reduction in clamping force may be offset by keying, which tends
to increase the resistance to slip. These effects are accentuated in joints of thin
plies
.
Marking. Heavy hex structural bolts and heavy hex nuts are required by ASTM
Specifications to be distinctively marked. Certain markings are mandatory. In addition to the mandatory markings, the manufacturer may apply additional distinguishing
marking. The mandatory and optional markings are shown in Figure C2.
Paint. In the previous edition of the Specification, generic names for paints applied
to faying surfaces was the basis for categories of allowable working stresses in fricAMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

Type 1

Type 3*

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

HARDENED
WASHER
(Beveled)
2

12

Hex
head

Marking for washer

used with Type 3
bolt

ASTM A490 BOLT

Grip

ASTM A325 BOLT

Washer
face

Type 1
NUT MARKING

Type 3*

Alt. marking
D or DH
for type 1
DH3 for
Type 3

Nut marking
DH for Type 1
DH3 for Type 3

*Bolt heads, nuts, & washers shall include

manuf. identification symbol. The manuf. may
also add other marks indicating weathering grade.

X
Hex Nut*
Type 1 and 3*

See RCSC Specification for rules

governing use of hardened washers

Hex
nut

Standard
marking
indicates
Grade C

Fig. 8-2. Identifying high-strength bolts, nuts, and washers.

HARDENED*
WASHER
(Plain)

Type 1

Type 3*
Optional Clip

A490

A490

Standard bolt
marking

BOLT HEAD MARKING

A325

A325

Three radial lines

@ 120, optional

See RCSC Specification for

rules governing use of washers
Grip

Dia.
Dia.

8 - 10
BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

BOLTED CONSTRUCTION

8 - 11

Table 8-2.
Dimensions of High-Strength Fasteners, in.
E
I.D.

Thread
Length

O.D.

A325
E

I.D.

Bolt Length

H
W
Nut may be chamfered
on both faces

Nominal Bolt Diameter, in.

A563
Nutsb

A325 and
A490 Boltsa

Measurement
Width Across
Flats F
Height H
Thread Length
Bolt Lengthf
=Grip +
Width Across
Flats W
Height H

F436 Square or
Rect. Washersc,e

F436 Circular
Washersc

Nom. Outside
Diameter OD

a
b
c

d
e
f

Nom. Inside
Diameter ID
Thckns.
T

1
2

5
8

3
4

7
8

1 1 8

1 1 4

1 3 8

1 1 2

11 16

11 4

17 16

15 8

113 16

2316

23 8

16

25

15

35

39

27

15

11

11

16

7
31

64
4

32

13

64

11

11 8

64

13

11

16

25

32

32

16

21

21 4

11 4

11 2

15 8

13 4

17 8

2316

23 8

11 16

11 4

17 16

15 8

113 16

64

39

47

55

64

63

17

13 4

21 4

21 2

23 4

11 8

11 4

13 8

11 2

15 8

64

11 16

15 16

17

11

32

16

64

115 32
13

16

15

16

64

64

17

32

111

32

115 32

Max.

0.097

0.122

0.122

0.136

0.136

0.136

0.136

0.136

0.136

Min.

0.177

0.177

0.177

0.177

0.177

0.177

0.177

0.177

0.177

1 332

1732

1516

Min. Edge
Distance E d

Min. Side
Dimension A

134

13 4

13 4

13 4

13 4

21 4

21 4

21 4

21 4

Mean Thckns. T
Taper in
Thickness
Min. Edge
Distance E d

16

16

2:12
7

16

16

16

2:12
9

16

21

32

16

25

32

16

2:12

2:12

21

25

32

32

16

2:12
7

16

16

16

16

2:12

2:12

2:12

2:12

1332

1732

1516

Tolerances as specified in ASTM A325 and A490.

Tolerances as specified in ASTM A563.
ASTM F436 Washer Tolerances, in.:
Nominal Outside Diameter
Nominal Diameter of Hole
Flatness: max. deviation from straight-edge placed on cut side shall not exceed
Concentricity: center of hole to outside diameter (full indicator runout)
Burr shall not project above immediately adjacent washer surface more than
For clipped washers only.
For use with American standard beams (S) and channels (C).
Tabular value does not include thickness of washer(s).

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

1/32; +1/32
0; +1/32
0.010
0.030
0.010

8 - 12

BOLTS, WELDS, AND CONNECTED ELEMENTS

Table 8-3.
Weights of High-Strength Fasteners, pounds per 100 count
Nominal Bolt Diameter, in.
1
2

5
8

3
4

7
8

1 1 8

1 1 4

1 3 8

1 1 2

1
11 4
11 2
13 4

16.5
17.8
19.2
20.5

29.4
31.1
33.1
35.3

47.0
49.6
52.2
55.3

74.4
78.0
81.9

104
109
114

148
154

197
205

261

333

2
21 4
21 2
23 4

21.9
23.3
24.7
26.1

37.4
39.8
41.7
43.9

58.4
61.6
64.7
67.8

86.1
90.3
94.6
98.8

119
124
130
135

160
167
174
181

212
220
229
237

270
279
290
300

344
355
366
379

3
31 4
31 2
33 4

27.4
28.8
30.2
31.6

46.1
48.2
50.4
52.5

70.9
74.0
77.1
80.2

103
107
111
116

141
146
151
157

188
195
202
209

246
255
263
272

310
321
332
342

391
403
416
428

4
41 4
41 2
43 4

33.0
34.3
35.7
37.1

54.7
56.9
59.0
61.2

83.3
86.4
89.5
92.7

120
124
128
133

162
168
173
179

216
223
230
237

280
289
298
306

353
363
374
384

441
453
465
478

5
51 4
51 2
53 4

38.5
39.9
41.2
42.6

63.3
65.5
67.7
69.8

95.8
98.9
102
105

137
141
146
150

184
190
196
201

244
251
258
265

315
324
332
341

395
405
416
426

490
503
515
527

6
61 4
61 2
63 4

44.0

71.9
74.1
76.3
78.5

108
111
114
118

154
158
163
167

207
212
218
223

272
279
286
293

349
358
367
375

437
447
458
468

540
552
565
577

7
71 4
71 2
73 4

80.6
82.8
84.9
87.1

121
124
127
130

171
175
179
183

229
234
240
246

300
307
314
321

384
392
401
410

479
489
500
510

589
602
614
626

8
81 4
81 2
83 4

89.2

133

187
192
196

251
257
262

328
335
342

418
427
435
444

521
531
542
552

639
651
664
676

453

563

689

100, Conventional A325 or A490 Bolts with A563 Nuts

Bolt Length, in.

Per inch
addtl. add

5.5

8.6

12.4

16.9

22.1

28.0

34.4

42.5

49.7

100, F436
Circular Washers

2.1

3.6

4.8

7.0

9.4

11.3

13.8

16.8

20.0

100, F436 Square

Washers

23.1

22.4

21.0

20.2

19.2

34.0

31.6

31.2

32.9

This table conforms to weight standards adopted by the Industrial Fasteners Institute (IFI), updated for washer
weights.

Entering and Tightening Clearances

The assembly of high-strength bolted connections requires clearance for entering and
tightening the bolts with an impact wrench. The clearance requirements for conventional
high-strength bolts are as given in Table 8-4. When high-strength tension-control bolts
are specified, the entering and tightening clearances are as specified in Table 8-5.
Snug-Tightened and Fully Tensioned Installation

When subjected to shear only, high-strength bolts may be used in snug-tightened

bearing-type, fully tensioned bearing-type, and slip-critical connections. When subjected
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

BOLTED CONSTRUCTION

8 - 17

Table 8-7.
Threading Dimensions for High-Strength and Non-High-Strength Bolts, in.
SCREW THREADS
Unified Standard Series-UNC/UNRC and 4UN/4UNR
ANSI B1.1
Nominal size (basic major dia.)
No. threads per inch (n)

H=0.866P

H
/8

P/
8

Thread series symbol

c

Thread class symbol

60

5/
8H

H
/4

Left hand thread.

No symbol reqd for
right hand thread.

db

P/
4

3/
4

- 10 UNC 2A LH

Thread Dimensions

Standard Designations

Diameter

Area

Bolt Diameter
db, in.

Min. Root K,
in.

Gross Bolt
Area, in.2

Min. Root
Area, in.2

Net Tensile
Area, in.2 a

Threads per
inch, n b

1
4
3
8

0.189
0.298

0.049
0.110

0.029
0.070

0.032
0.078

20
16

1
2
5
8
3
4
7
8

0.406
0.514
0.627
0.739

0.196
0.307
0.442
0.601

0.129
0.207
0.309
0.429

0.142
0.226
0.334
0.462

13
11
10
9

1
118
114
138

0.847
0.950
1.08
1.17

0.785
0.994
1.23
1.49

0.563
0.709
0.908
1.08

0.606
0.763
0.969
1.16

8
7
7
6

112
134

1.30
1.51

1.77
2.41

1.32
1.78

1.41
1.90

6
5

2
214

1.73
1.98

3.14
3.98

2.34
3.07

2.50
3.25

412
412

212
234

2.19
2.44

4.91
5.94

3.78
4.69

4.00
4.93

4
4

3
314

2.69
2.94

7.07
8.30

5.70
6.80

5.97
7.10

4
4

312
334

3.19
3.44

9.62
11.0

8.01
9.31

8.33
9.66

4
4

3.69

12.6

10.7

11.1

Notes:

aNet tensile area = 0.785 + d

b

0.9743

bFor diameters listed, thread series is UNC (coarse). For larger diameters, thread series is 4UN.
c2A denotes Class 2A fit applicable to external threads;
c2B denotes corresponding Class 2B fit for internal threads.

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION