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College of Engineering
Enviromential Engineering Department
Subject:Water Resourses Engineering
Dr: Naba Shakir Hadi
R=
A =2
By=2
B=2
R=
R=
y
= 0]
=0
2:1
b
A = by + zy2
Or = ( b + zy ) y
P = b + 2y
=0
=0
2
P = b + 2y
2
2
+2zy = 0
2
4z2 = 1 + z2
z2 =
4=
Z=
=0
R=
R=
R=
Notes:
When the circular section used:
P= 2 r
A= r2
R=
=by
Example:
A trapezoidal channel carrying 11.34 m3 /sec is built with non erodible bed
having aslope of 0.0016 and n = 0.025 proportion the section dimension by using best
hydraulic section.
Solution:
Q=
zy
zy
R=
A = by + zy2
1
z
b
11.34 =
Y = 2m
B = 2.31m
Z=
*Control of Flow:
The control of flow in an open channel is defined as the estiblashment of
adefinitive flow condition in the channel or a definitive relation ship between the
stage and discharge of the flow. When the control of flow is achieved at a certain
section of the channel this section is called a control section.
Solution:
Stage
Depth
discharge
alwayes stage above sea surface = 220m or 230m
discharge
1)
subcritical
flow(y1 yc)
y1 yc y2
y1
yc
yc
Se Sc
mild
y2
steep
Se Sc
2)
yc
S0
Sc
3) Free Flow
yn
yc
mild
yn
S0
yc
0.7yc
Sc
4yc
yc
yn yc
S0
yn
4)
y1
yc
y2
y3
yc = control flow
5)
depth
y1
y
y1
y2
yc
y2
z
mini
z for yc
Example:
A rectangular channel B= 1.5m , Q= 900L/s, the depth of flow before the hump
is 1m and z=200mm , compute the depth of flow above the hump and calculate the
required z cause the critical flow above it.
Solution:
v2/2g
v2/2g
y1=1m
y
z=200m
y=0.765m
=0.3323m
Vc = Q / Ac = 0.9 / ( 1.5 0.332 ) = 1.807 m/s
1 = ( 0.6 )2 / 2g = 0.332 + ( 1.807 )2 / 2g + z
z = 0.52 m
Se
hf=Se dx
v2/2g+d(v2/2g)
y
S0
y+dy
S0dx
Horizontal (dx)
in non uniform
hydraulic depth
T = Top surface width
Aproching
To channel bottom
E.L
Se
hf
y1
S0
Z1
y2