Western Philippines University

Civil Engineering Department

Dr. Cesario A. Bacosa Jr,MCE
(Geotechnical and Structural Engineer)
Earthquake Engineering
Module 12. Special Provisions for Seismic Design of interior span of continues beam or girder.

Example 3. Design the interior span of a continuous girder shown. The beam carries a service dead load (including
beam weight) of 30 kN/m and a service live load of 20 kN/m. An interior beam also delivers a dead load reaction of 80
kN and a live load reaction of 60 kN at the center of the girder. Use fc = 28 MPa, fyl = 414 MPa, fyv = 276 MPa and
the ACI moment coefficients.

6.60 m

Solution.
a) Girder dimension
Minimum thickness for deflection, h L / 21 6600/ 21 314 mm (NSCP Table 409-1)
Assume girder size: 300 x 600 mm
Effective depth, d 600 (40 10 12.5) 537.5 mm
b) Compute design moments and shear values
wu 1.4(30) 1.7(20) 76 kN/m

Pu 1.4(80) 1.7(60) 214 kN

1
214(6.6)
(76)(6.6)2
477.51 kN-m
11
8
1
214(6.6)
at midspan: M pos
(76)(6.6)2
383.46 kN-m
16
8
1
214
357.80 kN
end shears: Vu (76)(6.6)
2
2
at supports: M neg

c) Compute the design constants

fy
414
m

17.39
'
0.85 fc 0.85(28)

min

f c'
4 fy

b 0.851

Factor, 1 0.85 for f c' 30 MPa

NSCP 410.3.7.3

1.4

28
0.00320
0.00338
fy

4(414)

NSCP 410.6.1

f c' 600
28
600
0.85(0.85)
0.0289
f y 600 f y
414 600 414

NSCP 408.5.3

max 0.75b 0.75(0.0289) 0.0217

Elasticity of concrete, Ec 4700 f c' 4700 28 24870 MPa
Rupture modulus of concrete, f r 0.7 f c' 0.7 28 3.70 MPa
Modular ratio, n Es / Ec 200 x103 / 24870 8.04 , say 8
d) Compute steel area at the supports

Ru

Mu
477.51x106

6.122 MPa
2
bd
0.90(300)(537.5)2

1
2R m
1
2(6.122)(17.39)
1 1 u
1 1
0.0174
m
f y 17.39
414

As bd 0.0174(300)(537.5) 2810 mm

OK.

using 25 mm bars: Ab 4 (25)2 490 mm

As 2810

5.73 ,
Ab
490

say 6-25 mm bars (2 layers)

b nb 2 pc 300 4(25) 2(50)

33 mm > (25 mm, b)

n 1
4 1
e) Compute steel area at the midspan
Mu
383.46 x106
Ru

4.916 MPa
2
bd
0.90(300)(537.5)2
clear spacing:

1
2R m
1
2(4.916)(17.39)
1 1 u
1 1
0.0134
m
f y 17.39
414

As bd 0.0134(300)(537.5) 2168 mm

OK.

OK.

using 25 mm bars: Ab 4 (25)2 490 mm

As 2168

4.42 ,
Ab
490

clear spacing:

say 5-25 mm bars (2 layers)

b nb 2 pc 300 3(25) 2(50)

62.5 mm > (25 mm, b)

n 1
3 1

f) Design for shear

Face of support
357.80

midspan
Factored shear, kN

107

at d distance: Vu 357.8 76(0.5375) 316.95 kN

Vc 16 fc' bwd 0.85 16 28(300)(537.5)103 120.88 kN

1
2

Vc 12 (120.88) 60.44

kN, since Vu

Vc

provide stirrup throughout.

2Vc 2(142.21) 284.42 kN

Vc 120.88/ 0.85 142.21 kN

Vu

1
2

316.95
142.21 230.67 kN
0.85
d 537.5
268 mm
since Vs 2Vc , max s
2
2
3 Av f y 3(157)(276)
max s

433 mm
bw
300
Vs

Vc

using 10 mm stirrups, Av 2

(10) 2 157 mm2

4
Av f y d 157(276)(537.5)

101 mm (controls)
required spacing, s
Vs
230670
first stirrups at 0.50(100) = 50 mm from face of support
The required spacing at other locations is computed in the Table below.

OK.

x
(m)

Vu 357.8 76 x

Vs Vu / Vc

kN

kN

mm

d
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50

316.95
281.80
243.80
205.80
167.80

230.67
189.32
144.61
99.91
55.20

101 < 268, say 100

123 < 268, say 100
161 < 268, say 150
233 < 268, say 200
421 > 268, say 250

s Av f y d / Vs

xi xi 1
si 1

4.90, say 5 @ 100

4.60, say 5 @ 100
5.00, say 5 @ 100
3.33, say 4 @ 150
2.50, say 3 @ 200

Therefore, use 10 stirrups, 1 @ 0.05, 15 @ 0.10, 4 @ 0.150, 3 @ 0.20, rest @ 0.25 m to end.

g) Development of negative moment reinforcement

M=0
Inflection point for (As,neg)

Mn2
Mn1
Mneg = 477.51

60

x1
L2 ld
x3

x4

300
A-A

A
Bars L

Bars M

2-25

A
x2

x3
L1 ld

Moment equation:
M u 357.8x 76x( x / 2) 477.51 357.8x 38x2 477.51
where x is measured from the face of support.
Locate point of inflection for negative steel:
357.8x1 38x12 477.51 0

x12 9.416 x1 12.566 0

x1 1.610 m from face of support
Compute the moment capacity with bars L cut
2
As 4 (25)2 (4) 1963 mm

As f y
0.85 fc'b

1963(414)
114 mm
0.85(28)(300)

M n1 As f y d a / 2 0.90(1963)(414)(537.5 114/ 2)106 351.44 kN-m

Determine theoretical location of cutoff point for bars L:
357.8x2 38x22 477.51 351.44
Mu M n :

x22 9.416 x2 3.318 0

x2 0.367 m from face of support
Extension beyond theoretical cutoff point:
x3 max 12db , d , L /16 max 300,538,412 538 mm

L1 0.367 0.538 0.905 m from the support.

Compute required development length for 25 bars: Since clear cover = 40 mm > (db = 25 mm)
and clear spacing = 33 mm (db = 50 mm), the situation in Category A, item 1 applies. Therefore,
use

ld 3 f y 3(414)

46.94
db
5 28
5 f c'

ld 46.94db 49.94(25) 1174

fc' 28 5.29 MPa < 8.0 MPa

Note:

OK.

[412.2.2]

Modification factors: [NSCP 412.3.4]

= 1.3 for top bars
= 1.0 for normal weight concrete
= 1.0 for uncoated reinforcement
= 1.0 for bars 25 mm and larger
= 1.3(1.0) = 1.3 < 1.7; thus = 1.3
ld 1174 1174(1.3)(1.0) 1526 mm
Compute the development length using the general Equation [412-1].
c 40 25/ 2 52.2 mm
c 33/ 2 16.5 mm (controls)

Atr 4 (10)2 (2) 157 mm

ktr

Atr f yt
10sn

157(276)
7.22 mm
10(100)(6)

c ktr 16.5 7.22

0.95 2.5
db
25

OK

ld
9 f y
9 414 1.3(1.0)(1.0)

96.36
'
db 10 f c c ktr 10 28
0.95

db
ld 96.36db 96.36(25) 2409 mm, minimum ld 300 mm

[412-1]

[412.3.1]

(controls)
L1 ld 2.41 m from the support.
Compute the moment capacity with bars L and M cut
2
As 4 (25)2 (2) 982 mm

As f y
0.85 fc'b

982(414)
57 mm
0.85(28)(300)

M n 2 As f y d a / 2 0.90(982)(414)(537.5 57 / 2)106 186.24 kN-m

Determine theoretical location of cutoff point for bars M:
357.8x4 38x42 477.51 186.24
Mu M n :

x4 0.900 m from face of support

x42 9.416 x4 7.665 0

L2 0.900 0.538 1.438 m from the support.

(controls)
L2 ld 2.41 m from the support.
Therefore, bars L and M will be terminated at the same locations. This location is beyond the
inflection point and is therefore within the compression zone thus NSCP 412.11.5 does not apply.
h) Development of positive moment reinforcement
Mpos = 383.46

Mn3

M=0

300
Inflection point for (As,pos)
x4
60

B
Bars N

Bars O

x5

x6

2-25
B

L3 ld

Moment equation:
M u 383.46 76 x( x / 2) 107 x 383.46 38 x2 107 x
where x is measured from the midspan.
Locate point of inflection:

O
B-B

383.46 38x42 107 x4 0

x42 2.816 x4 10.091 0
x4 2.067 m from midspan
Compute the moment capacity with bars N cut:
2
As 4 (25)2 (2) 982 mm

As f y
0.85 fc'b

982(414)
57 mm
0.85(28)(300)

M n 2 As f y d a / 2 0.90(982)(414)(537.5 57 / 2)106 186.24 kN-m

Determine theoretical location of cutoff point for bars L:
383.46 38x52 107 x5 186.24
Mu M n :

x52 2.816 x5 5.19 0

x5 1.270 m from midspan
Extension beyond theoretical cutoff point:
x5 max 12db , d max 300,538 538 mm

L3 1.270 0.538 1.808 m from midspan

L2 ld 2.41 m from midspan (controls)
This location is beyond the inflection point and is therefore within the compression zone thus NSCP
412.11.5 does not apply.
i) Check for deflection
Allowable deflection due to live load (NSCP Table 409-2)
all L / 360 6600/ 360 18.3 mm
Properties of sections at supports and at midspan
6-25

300 mm

nAs

80

300
x

517.5
520

517.5 - x
x

517.5
82.5

300 mm

300
@ Ends

nAs

5-25
@ Midspan

Common parameters:

fr 0.7 fc' 0.7 28 3.704 MPa

Ec 4700 fc' 4700 28 24870 MPa
I g 121 (300)(600)3 5400 x106 mm4

M cr
n

fr I g
yt

yt 12 (600) 300 mm

3.704(5400)
66.67 kN-m
300

Es 200 x103

8.04 , say 8
Ec
24870

At midspan:

1
140(6.60)
(50)(6.60)2
251.62 kN-m
16
8
M a 251.62
(extensive cracking)

3.77 > 3 use I e I cr

M cr
66.67

Ma

As 4 (25)2 (5) 2454 mm2

ay 0 :

300x( x / 2) 8(2454)(517.5 x )

x 130.88x 67730.4 0
x 203 mm
3
1
I cr 3 (300)(203) 8(2454)(517.5 203) 2 2778 x106 mm4
2

At supports:

1
140(6.60)
(50)(6.60)2
313.50 kN-m
11
8
M a 313.50
(extensive cracking)

4.70 > 3 use I e I cr

M cr
66.67

Ma

As 4 (25)2 (6) 2945 mm2

ay 0 :

300x( x / 2) 8(2945)(520 x)

x 157.07 x 81675 0
x 218 mm
3
1
I cr 3 (300)(218) 8(2945)(520 218)2 3185x106 mm4
2

The average value to be used in deflection calculation is

Ie

1
2

2778 3185106 2982x106 mm4

Immediate deflection due to live load,

w L4
20(6.60)41012
uniform load, 1 ll

1.3 mm
384EI 384(24870)(2982 x106 )

PL3
(60)(6.6)31012

8.0 mm
192 EI 192(24870)(2982 x106 )
total deflection, 1 2 1.3 8.0 9.3 mm < 18.3 mm
concentrated load,

Longtime deflection
Compressive steel ratio, '

As'
2(490)

0.00631
bd 300(517.5)

Time dependent factor, 2.0 (five years or more) (NSCP 409.6.2.5)

2.0

1.52
Multiplier for longtime deflection,
1 50 ' 1 50(0.00631)
30
80
Deflection due to sustained load, sus 1.3 8.0 12.6 mm
20

60
Longtime deflection, ' i sus 9.3 1.52(12.6) 28.4 mm > 18.3 mm NO

Remedial measures: 1) increase section, 2) add more tension bars at midspan, 3) add more
compression bars at midspan, 4) specify initial camber (28.4 18.3 = 10.1 mm), 5) any combination of the
above.
Details of Reinforcement: