How far was Stalins Collectivization a success?

-Economically a failure in the short run

-Grain harvests dropped drastically since early 1930s as compared to pre-collectivization levels and
only recovered at the late 1930s
-USSR didnt get as much money for the grains as they expected as due to the great depression,
prices were forced down
-Socially a failure in the short run
-Human costs were horrendous
-Stalin used fear, propaganda, terror, etc. to collectivize
-Mass murders, arrests, etc. were carried out
-Peasants fought against activists who carried out collectivization
-Decrease grain production
-Economically a success in the long run
-Surplus grain collected to feed growing workforce, also can sell to other countries to fun industrial
equipment
-With new tools such as tractors, peasants can leave the countryside and work in the town,
providing labour for the new factories
-Provide resources and manpower for industrial growth
-Politically a success in the long run
-With collectivization, communist party no longer need to bargain with peasants
-Establish system using local soviets and Machine Tractor Stations to gain control of the villages

How far do you agree that Stalins Industrialization Programme was a success?
-Standard of Living worsen
-Workers work for long hours for low pay and are treated harshly, and standard of living worsened,
people were better off before the 1917 revolution
-Tight control over production quotas
-Manager and workers punished if targets werent met
-Stalin focused more on heavy industries and neglected production of consumer goods
-Example, during winter, the people had no appropriate clothing, they suffered through the harsh
winter
-They also starved, as there was a lack of food cans
-However, there were economic benefits (more advanced industrial state)
-Output for steel, iron and coal increased
-Increase in output of machine tools and turbines
-Heavy concentration on steel and iron industries -> More factories in towns -> Provided
employment
-Huge expansion in energy production
-More powerful country
-Factories produce more weapons
-USSR was able to defeat Germany during WWII
-USSR communication also became better
-Due to industrialization, more roads and canals were built to link factories to towns and cities
-Upgrade communication system -> More jobs for people
-People in Russia didnt suffer as much as the people in USA, Britain, and France during the Great
Depression

Economic Benefits:
-Economic Prosperity
-Encouraged growth of new industries
-Rubber and Tin industries became pillars of Malayan economy bringing in most of its revenue
-Eg. British brought about development of the natural resources in the Malay States
-By early 20th Century, due to growth of automobile industry, demand for rubber increased
-Rubber industry experienced a giant boom and rubber became Malayas most profitable export
-Brought in foreign investment into Malay states
Economic Disadvantages:
-Economic Exploitation
-Tin Miners and labourers were paid a meagre salary
-Most profits went to British traders, investors and shareholders, many of whom lived in Europe
-4 states under Residential System benefitted economically but not the Unfederated Malay States
-Malaysia got affected badly by the world economic depression in 1930s
Social Benefits:
-Creation of cities and towns
-Transportation systems improved
-Eg. roads and railways were built to link plantations to one another and to towns and ports
-Towns began to spring up and availability of jobs led to influx of immigrants
-Resulted in a more plural society
-Improved health facilities and higher standard of living as compared to Unfederated Malay States
Social Disadvantages:
-Not much social development: public facilities such as health services and education institutions
-British only needed to train a small group of English educated personnel to staff the admin in the
Federated Malay States
-Education for Malays was limited to their allotted role to farm the land
-British also implemented a policy of divide and rule between the Malays, Chinese and Indians
-Result in tension between ethnic groups which would later flare into racial riots in 20c