Comment [AP1]:

Colligative Properties Worksheet and Answers

1. 1.60 g of naphthalene (C10H8) is dissolved in 20.0 g of benzene. The freezing point of
pure benzene is 5.5 oC, and the freezing point of the mixture is 2.8 oC. What is the molal
freezing point depression constant, Kf of benzene?

Strategy:
1. Step 1: Calculate the freezing point depression of benzene.
Tf = (Freezing point of pure solvent) - (Freezing point of solution)
(5.5 oC) - (2.8 oC) = 2.7 oC
2. Step 2 : Calculate the molar concentration of the solution.
molality = moles of solute / kg of solvent
moles of naphthalene = (1.60 g) (1 mol / 128 g) = 0.0125 mol naphthalene
molality of solution = (0.0125 mol) / (0.0200 kg) = 0.625 m
3. Step 3: Calculate Kf of the solution.
Tf = (Kf) (m)
(2.7 oC) = (Kf) (0.625 m)
Kf = 4.3 oC/m
2. The freezing point of a solution that contains 1.00 g of an unknown compound, (A),
dissolved in 10.0 g of benzene is found to be 2.07 oC. The freezing point of pure benzene
is 5.48 oC. The molal freezing point depression constant of benzene is 5.12 oC/molal.
What is the molecular weight of the unknown compound?

Strategy:
1. Step 1: Calculate the freezing point depression of the solution.
Tf = (Freezing point of pure solvent) - (Freezing point of solution)
(5.48 oC) - (2.07 oC) = 3.41 oC
2. Step 2 : Calculate the molal concentration of the solution using the freezing point
depression.
Tf = (Kf) (m)
m = (3.41 oC) / (5.12 oC/molal)
m = 0.666 molal

3. Step 3: Calculate the molecular weight of the unknown using the molal
concentration.
m = 0.666 molal = 0.666 mol A / kg benzene
moles A = (0.66 mol A / kg benzene) (0.100 kg benzene) = 6.66 X 10-3 mol A
molecular weight of A = (1.00 g A) / (6.66 X 10-3 mol A)
molecular weigh of A = 150. g/mol
3. Find the freezing and boiling points for a solution of 100 g (to the nearest 1 g) of
biphenyl (C12H10) in 202 g of benzene, C6H6.
(Kf = 5.12, fp = 5.5oC, Kb = 2.53, bp = 80.1oC)
4. Find the freezing and boiling points for a solution of 47.7 g of C15H9NO4 in 110 g
(to the nearest 1 g) of nitrobenzene, C6H5NO2.
(Kf = 7.00, fp = 5.7oC, Kb = 5.24, bp = 210.8oC)
Molar mass determination
5. What is the molar mass of glucose if 22.5 g gives a freezing point of -0.930oC when
dissolved in 250 g (to the nearest 1 g) of water? (Kf = 1.86)
6. If 23.0 g of ethanol are dissolved in 1.000 x 103 g of water, the freezing point is 0.930oC. What is the molar mass of ethanol? (Kf = 1.86)

Answers
3. fp = -11.0oC, bp = 88.2oC
4. fp = -5.7oC, bp = 219.3oC
5. 180 g/mol
6. 46.0 g/mol
Raults Law
7. At 21.0oC, a solution of 19.35 g of a non-volatile, non-polar compound in 34.88 g of
ethyl bromide, C2H5Br, had a vapor pressure of 336.0 torr. The vapor pressure of pure
ethyl bromide at this temperature is 400.0 torr. Calculate the following:
a) The mole fractions of solute and solvent
b) The moles of solute present
c) The formula weight of the solute

8. 15.0g of calcium carbonate is dissolved in 250g of water. If the water has a

temperature of 100C, what is the resulting vapor pressure of the water in solution?
Raoult's law (equation 1) gives the answer to this problem once the mole fraction has
been calculated. Since the vapor pressure of the solvent is needed, the mole fraction of
the solvent must be found. First, the number of moles of both solute and solvent are
found.

The mole fraction of water is therefore

At standard pressure, water boils at 100C. Since the boiling point is defined as the point
where the vapor pressure equals the atmospheric pressure, the vapor pressure in this
situation must also be standard pressure (1 atm). The vapor pressure of the solvent in
solution is therefore
(6)

Pv = (.965)(1 atm) = .965 atm

Had the solution in the above problem not been at 100C, its vapor pressure would have
had to have been given in order to complete the problem. Note that the vapor pressure of
the water is now less than 1 atm. A lower vapor pressure implies that the solvent has not
yet reached its boiling point. In other words, the presence of calcium carbonate, a solute,
has raised the boiling point of the solution.