Dezvoltarea unei retele mobile Het/Net si Small Cell

Mita Gabriel1

Abstract - In this paper I will briefly introduce the

method to improuve the efficiency of cellular networks;
will explore some of the research issues and challenges; I
will describe briefly wath ate the objectives of a drive
test and optimization. After that I will discuss how to
implement a heterogenous network based on the micro,
pico and femto cells in LTE
The energy efficiency but also improve quality of
services network in the cellular network is a growing
problem for mobile users not just to maintain profits but
also to reduce the effects of the enviroment. These
tendency for improving the network motivates the
authorities and users to investigate new technologies and
bringing an improvement to the entire infrastructure

that they are not economically flexible by modifing

the current network architecture. Macrocells are
generally designed to provide grat coverage and they
are not effective to providing data at the high rate.
One abovious way to make cellular networks more
efficient in terms of energy in order to support data
traffic at high speed is decresed propagation distance
between nodes, thus reducing transmission power.
Therefore implementing solution of the cell network
based on the small cells such as micro pico and femto
cells are very promising in this context.

I. INTRODUCTION
Mobile phone technology has dramatically grown in
the last few years, a prove to that beeing the
appearance of the smart phones and this trend is not
expected to have a slowing in the near future; this
technology is continuously improved with new
services and innovative wireless devices in the users
range and profesional electronics (i.e photo camera, ebooks) sensors (fire alarms) parking car devices etc
Along with this developments came the need to use
the services with a higher data transfer capacity, thus
developing the generation 3G/UMTS(Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System) usedin the
present, and used so called picocells and femtocells
witch has very important parts in saving enery in
wirwlwss network and increasing capacity of the
network, this new trend has pushed the researchers to
a new and inovative demaind called Green Cellular
Netwoks (Eg four micro station cevers better an area
than the macro station and uses less energy)
.
II. THE PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION OF
HETEROGENEOUS TELECOMUNICATION
NETWORKS

Fig. 1. Exemplu de retea eterogena tipica

A. Femtocells
Are usually placed in indoor enviromments such as
house, buldings ware houses, it serve from 4 to 32
users at the same time and have a pretty small
coverage, with a range ut to 10m 12m, transmission
power is also quite low and somewere beleow 100
mw.
B. Picocells
Are usually used in open public areas such as
shopping centers, railwai stations, bus stations, they
can serve multiples users at the same time from a
femtocell and has at the same time 250 mW to 2 W.
C. Microcells

The exponentially increasing demand for higher data

rates and other services in wireless netwoks requires a
higher deployment of base stations network within
network cells. Whilw conventional implementation
macrocellular network are less effective, it is possible
1

Are usually used outdoor with a population focused in

the living areas, have a range of up to 2km and
suports a higher data traffic.
For planing a netork we must keep in min:

Facultatea de Electronic i Telecomunicaii, Departamentul

Comunicaii Bd. V. Prvan Nr. 2, 300223 Timioara, e-mail geo@etc.upt.ro

-Signal obstructions of various obstacles

(terrain, buildings, vegetation)
-Loss of signal penetration inside buildings due
-Signal attenuation users inside buildings
-Signal attenuation due to the use of body
III. DRIVE TEST AND OPTIMIZATION
When you are implementing a phone network , a
series of measurements are needed in that area ,
in order to check the basic performance of this
network , after that in the process of filling the
voids of signal and network optimization is
necessary to resume the measurements in the area
to be able to renew information about various
parameters and their possible improvement. At
the same time expanding the network in

optimization phase is challenging because the

initial performance of the network must be

maintained , while new additions assemblies and
we are frequent.
Estimates of changes in the coverage and quality
of service QoS (Quality of Service ) before
integration network new sites adjacent to the
declaration that can be achieved all
measurements only .
To exemplify this kind of measurements we
chose a site that serves the area where Politehnica
University of Timisoara - Faculty of Electronics
and Telecommunications is situated ; this
measurement was used a scanner mobile
network , a mobile terminal and a GPS all
connected to a laptop and the parameters were:
A. RSCP- received signal code power
B. Ec/Io - Measured signal quality
C. RSSI - Receive Signal Strength Indicator