Protection and switchgear lesson plan

Unit Syllabus:
1. INTRODUCTION
Importance of protective schemes for electrical apparatus and power system.
Qualitative review of faults and fault currents - relay terminology definitions and
essential qualities of protection.
Protection against over voltages due to lightning and switching - arcing grounds Peterson Coil - ground wires - surge absorber and diverters.
Power System earthing neutral Earthing - basic ideas of insulation coordination.
Objective:
To discuss the causes of abnormal operating conditions (faults, lightning and
switching surges) of the apparatus and system.

Session
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Topic to be Covered
Introduction to protection and switchgear importance of various protective schemes
Qualitative review of faults and fault currents
for different types of faults
Relay terminologies - definitions
Essential qualities of protection
Protection against over voltages due to
lightning - various devices
Protection against over voltages due to
switching
Arcing grounds Peterson coil
Ground wires, surge absorber and diverters
Power system earthing importance neutral
earthing methods, Basic ideas of insulation
coordination

Time
Allocation
(min)

Books
Teaching
Referred Method

50

1,3,6

BB

50

1,3,4

BB

50
50
50

1,4,6
5,6
1,4

BB
BB
BB

50

1,4

BB

50
50
50

1,3,4
1,3,4,6
1,3,4

BB
BB
BB

Unit Syllabus:
2. OPERATING PRINCIPLES AND RELAY CHARACTERISTICS
Electromagnetic relays over current, directional and non-directional, distance,
negative sequence, differential and under frequency relays Introduction to static
relays.
Objective:
To understand the characteristics and functions of relays and protection schemes
Time

Session
No.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

Topic to be Covered

Books
Teaching
Allocation Referred Method
(min)

Electromagnetic relays types, construction

Electromagnetic relays - operating principle
and torque expression
Over current relays different categories,
construction and operating principle
Directional relays need, construction and
operating principle
Non-directional relays construction and
operating principle
Distance relays

types, construction,
operating principle and characteristics
Differential
relays - constructions
and
operating principles
Negative
sequence and under frequency
relays - construction and operating principle
Introduction to static relays
various
categories, construction and
operating
principle

50
50

1,3,5
1,3,5

BB
BB

50

3,4,6

BB

50

1,5,6,7

BB

1,5,6,7

BB

50

1,4,6,7

BB

50

3,4,5,6

BB

50

1,3,5

BB

50

1,3,5,6

BB

Unit Syllabus:
3. APPARATUS PROTECTION
Main considerations in apparatus protection - transformer, generator and motor
protection - protection of busbars. Transmission line protection - zones of protection.
CTs and PTs and their applications in protection schemes.
Objective:
To understand various equipment protection like transformer, generator, motor,
protection of bus bars, transmission lines, instrument transformer and applications.
Session
No.
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

Topic to be Covered
Introduction to apparatus protection main
considerations
Transformer protection different schemes
and problems
Protection of generator against various types
of faults problems
Protection of motor against different types of
faults problems
Protection of bus bars various protection
schemes
Protection of transmission lines different
protection schemes
Different zones of protection
Current Transformers and their applications in
protection schemes
Potential Transformers and their applications
in protection schemes

Time
Allocation
(min)

Books
Teaching
Referred Method

50

3,4,5,6

BB

50

3,4,5,6

BB

50

3,4,5,7

BB

50

1,3,5,6

BB

50

1,3,5,6

BB

50

1,3,7

BB

50
50

1,3,5,6
1,3,5

BB
BB

50

1,3,5

BB

Unit Syllabus:
4. THEORY OF CIRCUIT INTERRUPTION

Physics of arc phenomena and arc interruption.

DC and AC circuit breaking restriking voltage and recovery voltage - rate of rise
of recovery voltage
Resistance switching - current chopping - interruption of capacitive current.
Objective:
To understand the problems associated with circuit interruption by a circuit breaker.
Session
No.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35, 36

Topic to be Covered
Physics of arc phenomena and theory of arc
interruption
DC and AC circuit breaking concept
characteristics
Restriking voltage and Recovery voltage
definitions, expressions and characteristics
Rate of rise of recovery voltage definition
and expression
Resistance switching different methods
Current chopping effects and characteristics
Theory of interruption of capacitive currents
Problems on circuit interruption
CAT I

Time
Allocation
(min)

Books
Teaching
Referred Method

50

1,3,4,5

BB

50

1,3,5

BB

50

1,3,5,6

BB

50

1,3,5

BB

50
50
50
100

1,3,4,5
3,4,5
1,3,5,6
1,3,5,6

BB
BB
BB
BB

Unit Syllabus:
5. CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Types of circuit breakers air blast, air break, oil, SF6 and vacuum circuit
breakers comparative merits of different circuit breakers
Testing of circuit breakers.
Objective:
To discuss various types of circuit breakers, their comparative merits and testing.
Time

Session
No.
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44,45

Topic to be Covered
Introduction to circuit breakers - various types
Air blast circuit breakers types, construction
and principle of operation
Air break circuit breakers types, design and
operating principle
Oil circuit breakers types, construction,
operating
principle, advantages
and
disadvantages
SF6 circuit breaker - features, construction
and operating principle
Vacuum circuit breakers construction and
operating principle
Comparative merits of different types
of
circuit breakers
Testing of circuit breakers classification and
testing procedure
CAT II

Books
Referred

Teaching
Method

50
50

1,3,4,5
1,3,4,5

BB
BB,PPT

50

3,4,5

BB,PPT

50

1,3,4,5

BB,PPT

50

1,3,4,5

BB,PPT

50

1,3,4,5

BB,PPT

50

1,3,4,5

BB

100

3,4,5,6

BB

Allocation
(min)

DOC/LP/01/28.02.02