Professional Documents
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THE
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
OF VICTORIAN BOOKS
AT
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"/
Tol.l.
TTQUtispi&ce
ylic Lit&!7
T0tbe Qpeen
jinet's
The
1.(0)18,
late
BEXIHII
.
,!,
Chro
RAMBLES
AND
RECOLLECTIONS
OF
AN INDIAN OFFICIAL.
BY
LIEUTENANT-COLONEL W.
H.
SLEEMAN,
"
of
mankind
is
man."
Pope.
IN
TWO VOLUMES.
VOL.
I.
LONDON:
J
HATCHARD AND
SON,
1844.
187,
PICCADILLY.
LONDON
PRINTED BY
6.
J.
UPB
DEDICATION.
My
Were
dear Sister,
any one to ask your countrymen
would
all
tions with
in India
home by
filling
say,
the
letters
home. These
sisters at
affec-
among whom our infancy and our boyhood have been passed and among whom we still
family circles,
new
facility
additions
making us
in
to
we
children,
so
to
much
make
vants
of
or friends
to
our happiness,
they
no
doubt tend
government,
than
we should
otherwise
DEDICATION.
JV
be
for
in
we have
all,
more
or
in India,
life"
less,
who may,
therefore,
light
No
brother has
had
ever
kinder
my
and
sister;
left
many
it
was
the
having
of
consciousness
dear
pressure of
that
official duties,
of devoting a part of
"
better
or
my
made me
you
to
leisure
think
first
in these
my way
from
Himmaleh
To what
now added
which
jects
I have
I wrote during
the whole
my
narrative
will,
hope,
seemed to embrace
interest
not
structive to those
Of one
altogether
who
and
and appear,
uninteresting or unin-
fiction,
What
upon
fiction,
Had
my own
I chosen to write a
it
work of
a good deal
DEDICATION.
more
have been so
others
much
it
would
in
make
the
my
view.
countrymen whose
and
tedious,
among them,
perhaps, tend to
may be
will
Those
seem dry
The
of few
make
is
em-
as fall to the
not their
own
men
than mine.
It
may
that part of
it
even the
be,
little
been devoted to
them.
Your ever
affectionate brother,
W. H. SLEEMAN.
CONTENTS
VOLUME THE
OF
CHAPTER
FIRST.
I.
PAGE
Annual
fairs
CHAPTER
Hindoo system of
religion
Suttee on the
Nerbudda
Marriages of trees
Rainbows
.11
.23
IV.
CHAPTER
.82
III.
CHAPTER
A
II.
CHAPTER
V.
CHAPTER
Hindoo marriages
.45
.51
VI.
CHAPTER
VII.
,
50
CONTENTS.
Vlll
CHAPTER
VIII.
Religious sects
CHAPTER
The
great Iconoclast
of Gurba
IX.
Hornets'
nests in India
CHAPTER
The peasantry and the land
settlement
CHAPTER
The
silver tree,
bispinosa,
or kulpa briksha
XI.
XII.
Singhara, or trapa
.97
XIII.
.
.89
The
CHAPTER
.76
.69
X.
CHAPTER
Witchcraft
CHAPTER
.103
XIV.
Suspension bridge
Prospects
Deification of a mortal
of the
CHAPTER
Legend of the Sauger Lake
of the Lathyrus sativus
valley
.
20
29
XV.
CHAPTER
Suttee tombs
Nerbudda
XVI.
Insalubrity of deserted
fortresses
.139
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
Basaltic cappings
XVII.
character
CHAPTER
Birds' nests
.145
151
XVIII.
Sports of hoyhood
CHAPTER
Feeding pilgrims
IX
XIX.
156
CHAPTER XX.
The men-tigers
CHAPTER
Burning of Deoree by a freebooter
who
68
72
180
XXII.
CHAPTER
of Orcha
.161
XXI.
A Suttee
CHAPTER
Interview with the Rajah
Murder of
XXIII.
his
many
ministers
CHAPTER XXIV.
Corn dealers Scarcities
Famines in India
.190
....
CHAPTER XXV.
Epidemic diseases
Scape-goat
209
CHAPTER XXVI.
Artificial lakes in
faith
Bundelcund
.
.224
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER
Blights
CHAPTER
Pestle
XXVII.
.248
XXVIII.
soil
.267
CHAPTER XXIX.
Interview with the chiefs of Jansee
Disputed succession
270
CHAPTER XXX.
Haunted
villages
.285
CHAPTER XXXI.
Interview with the Rajah of Duteea
men
294
CHAPTER XXXII.
Sporting at Duteea
India
Fidelity of
Bhoomeeawut
30 G
XXXIII.
.
.318
CHAPTER XXXIV.
The
.......
suicide
India
Relations
in
328
CHAPTER XXXV.
Gwalior plain once the bed of a lake
Tameness of peacocks
....
335
CHAPTER XXXVI.
Gwalior and
its
government
340
XI
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XXXVII.
Contest for empire between the sons of Shah Jehan
351
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
Onrungzebe and Moorad defeat
Ojeyn
their father's
.
army near
-369
CHAPTER XXXIX.
Dara marches
CHAPTER
Dara
retreats towards
character
Lamore
by the Jats
CHAPTER
Shah Jehan imprisoned by
his
defeated 374
is
XL.
Is robbed
and
Their
.383
XLI.
.389
Moorad
CHAPTER
Ourungzebe throws
off the
XLII.
CHAPTER
Ourungzebe meets Shoojah
in
XLIII.
CHAPTER
.407
XLIV.
397
Shoojah and
all
his
.415
CHAPTER XLV.
......
426
CONTENTS.
Xll
CHAPTER XL VI.
Death and character of Ameer Jumla
CHAPTER
452
XLVII.
458
CHAPTER XL VIII.
The
great
diamond of Kohinoor
.473
CHAPTER
ANNUAL FAIRS HELD UPON
I.
STREAMS IN INDIA.
ghat.
It
Nerbudda
at
Bera-
Hindoos hold
fairs
places consecrated
on
sacred streams, at
all their
by poetry
or
tradition
as
the
These
every
person
fairs
and holy
who comes
enjoying himself as
at the
transgressions
much
as
he can, and
in the holy
stream, and
for
throughout India
all
the sacred
Himmalah
mountains
to
Cape
VOL.
I.
Comorin, will I
be found congregated
In
at these fairs.
in the
pass,
sailing
fairs,
of a large
city,
The preserver
the
Vishnoo
is
supposed,
of
on
him
During
suspended
where people
fairs,
worship and
to
hail
come
festivi-
at these
his
resur-
rection.
At night
other bank.
illuminated,
is
is
He
all
and children
all
from
day, hunting
without
theirs,
be none
in the midst of a
different
his wife
all
but
all
most
and leaves
crowd of a
following a religion
apprehension for
ANNUAL
their safety or comfort.
know
our
to
be
native
to
is
Barrackpore in
at
suffer
the
collision
My
vernment.
general
to
to be
might to
them
and the
friend
five
in
artillery
ter
go-
and of
the guns.
the
child
their officers
go into the
soldiers of the
with
used to
staff,
number,
1824,
chief leaders
not
It
true, that
troops
FAIRS.
till
station,
they heard
arrived
from
England,
went
lately
all
the
way
the
slightest
and day
They were
apprehension of injury or
and
without
of insult.
dak immediately
from England
know
and daughters in
would men
this
We
forti-
them and
their rule
fied position of
We know and
up
to
we
like to let
Calcutta,
feel that
and respect
our
faults,
we have
that
feel
and
confidence in them.
Sir
Thomas Munro
exactly
know what
of India.
is
meant by
tem of
agriculture
deficient
if
but
a good sys-
if
unrivalled manufactures
if
the establishment of
reading
of kindness and
and writing the general
a scrupulous
and above
demands
schools for
if
practice
if
hospitality
all,
respect
if
then
the
and where
shall
we
find
accommodation of
usual,
afford
their fami-
ANNUAL
heavy showers
and
this,
of,
FAIRS.
On
all similar
num-
nies.
these
men
as they
afford
came out
it
gave a
at fairs
it
over which
the
it
emerges from
solicited
commonly
on the Ganges. The first
to
demanded, or even
it
trifle
its
peaceful
falls
This
fall
of their
the
smoky
ways seen
below,
fifty
rising
from
it
in
the morning.
is
al-
From
for a mile
popular
fall,
belief,
hundred and
fully
fifty feet
overhanging.
high, and in
Suspended
in
some
parts fear-
recesses
of these
may
and
as
the
down
to the
rise
from each
air
above them.
side,
the
fill
Home-
Every
transferred to
fantastic appearance
great convulsions
much
is
attributed to the
mance, and
is
associated with
the recollection of
The
hills,
of the
strata
Kymore range
of
sand-stone
feet
many
miles together
are so
many
strings of the
These
arrow's of
images of the
scattered
gocls of a
among
cities,
The
now
lie
buried in
ANNUAL
FAIRS.
demi-
gods in battle.
budda, where
the great
all
fairs are
poem
still
visited
leisure
bear
who
held,
fiction,
What
who have
upon
for subsistence
lieved,
Let no such
fictions
be be-
some
religious
more,
to cleanse
its
place.
men from
Ganges
hill
at
him
round
his loins as
demons
his
a waistband.
human shape
in
a statue of a
river, is
belly of the bull, and the whole are well cut out
They
call
but not
noticing this
well
so
exposed
fair,
we were told,
" that
On
the Fair,
is
the
name
of Parbuttee, or Davee,
when
On
such
another
On
is
name
always
of
Gouree, or
husband
fair
Sewa
Sewa.
and beautiful.
or
Mahadeo
Sunkur
or Rooder.
all
around had
"
They
"
human
ANNUAL
hands
can
either
FAIRS.
imitate
hurt
or
them
She
!"
who
bled,
said
testified to
all
and added,
would be
would
all
" that at
restored
to
again
life
the
deities
all
!"
who come
offerings
sort
and
at the
many images
of the
his con-
and
that
also to those
The images
husbands in
all
the
ordinary
all
who
followed their
female form,
They have
size
of
white and green sand stone; but their heads are those
of the animals in which their respective husbands
became
incarnate, such
10
&c,
or those of the
But
these,
bull,
number,
all
medans.
nestly solicited to
got
visit,
themselves
popular belief
that
is,
some memorial of
turned
for
visit
till
woods, to
was
his
at last
consort,
for him.
He
honoured
who asked
begged them
make them
promised to do so
the
devotions
in austere
years,
stands,
with a
The
stone."
into
their
a suitable offering.
They
himself, in
order that
his
it.
;"
know
name.
They however
his
and that
sin-
Mahadeo
consort are really our Adam and Eve;
the people have converted them into the
and
am
ANNUAL
11
FAIRS.
race in destruction.
sin,
The
which involved
all
their
12
CHAPTER
II.
The Hindoo
system
this.
is
great divine
or
spirit
beatitude to which
eternal
hope
all
is
nearest to
it.
sorbed in the
Brimh
Naruk, hell
and
and
if
a bad man,
it
goes to
it
It again
Brimh.*
when
From this
Men
are occasionally
and
thence,
ing a
Brahman
places,
men
where
to die,
first.
it is
are
fitted
Men
for
it,
of low caste,
if
into
the
great
Brahmans
to invite rich
and Sewa,
Mahadeo,
alias
the
is
Parbuttee.
Jumraj
is
whose
destroyer,
who
belief,
drawn up by
Lukshmee
is
According to popular
consort
Saraswatee
is
13
final
judgment
according to proceedings
lives,
his secretary
If men's
Chuttergopat.
stage,
Brimh
and
bad,
if
There
great or small.
Naruk
is
an intermediate stage, a
dise, for
in serving that
on
from
this
tence
them may be
is
stage
expired,
after
the
period
men go back
But
earth.
of their
sen-
to their pilgrimage
on earth again.
There
whom
are
Indur
is
spirits,
of
spirits
means that
this,
is
It is
supported.
by
their
14
Sewa seven
and
Visbnoo has
or descents.
in different
The
times.
outars of Vishnoo
are celebrated in
shapes,
as the
amours of
god
this
in his
these
books are
either
by the hand or
believed
describe
human
last
wars and
the
shape.
All
to
" It
was, they
an amour, or any other important event ten thousand years before, as the day after
in
It
perhaps
these
that
is
now
accounts
were
poem
took place
ninety-nine
implicitly,
ten.
tenths,
it
of the
all
all
so writ-
these works
that
the great
probably written
so
Krishna, if born at
all,
7th of August
a mere
a. D.
late
as
a. d.
1157
again
that
whom
the
many
incarnation of Vishnoo.
15
object,
were
carnations
real
Pursaram before
princes,
Rama
is
in-
In
described as fighting in
was a
Judishter
real
person
who ascended
c, or 1175
b.
the
years before
to
find in
gress
were written,
When Mons.
is
tian population
thousand families.
before
They had
it
stations
in
at
and militarv
civil
tion of them,
for
disposed to give
it
India
get
is
any men-
years,
twenty-
passed away
all
One
see his
That we
historical
five
the same
probable
occasionally
number around
that
the
found such
early
Christians
in a
few
his capital
Christians in
princes,
and gave
16
Brahman
were then
During
who
priests
war
the
with
Nepaul
1814
in
and
an extremely interesting colony of about two thousand christian families at Beteeah, in the Tirhoot
district
This
forest.
Hindoo
prince, the
Rajah of Beteeah.
fifty
years
or no support from
little
quarter.
The only
pledge that no
aid
among
the
to
Rajah,
be
every where
suffered so
much
and
this
pledge,
violated.
There were
men
of
all
large
build-
The
blacksmiths of this
we remained
I
trades
its
street
ings,
man
This holy
camp every
in the vicinity,
insist
hours.
upon going
They had
little
day, while
all
him the
pucka dwelling
still
more splendid
finest
garden I have
who attended
for
The
native
table,
ses,
at
17
and take
as
We
feeble,
Italian, his
much
care of
become almost
he was
but
him
an
infant,
one.
The
as of
as frail as
among
much re-
much
The
has disappeared.
and in
all
after.
proba-
No Europeans
ex-
this colony
and
anybody
who had
to let
employ
at discretion.
seize
and
a greater
facility in
to
win the
imagination.
vol.
I.
affections
18
CHAPTER
III.
The
legend
is,
that the
Nerbudda which
flows
in the usual
"
pomp and
circumstance
'
to
up
chance
they
in
Her
infancy.
know what
sort
were to be linked
to,
of a personage
Queen
her destinies
At
last
the
to
view of
and to return
and
take
make
close
him,
thing
sight
first
in
Some
Queen
his
Jhola,
and that
little
loath,"
19
say
herself;
than
fault,
mistress
be that
but,
no sooner heard of
as
the
it
whence
little
he
Jhola
high priest,
and
came,
sprawling
who
with
him
after
kicked
other
the
for,
"you
said the
what
see
under such
indignities,
us,
and
casts
nuts !"
if
left as
many
cocoa-
I, " t o
?"
ward,"
"
She was
said
the
to have
high
accompanied him
priest
" but
same
about us
was
why they
!"
majesty,
would not go a
her
east-
all
called her
"
Mother Nerbudda,
Her
if
she
20
Sohun; and we
blesses us
call
her
all,
to be at once the
Any Englishman
knows
his rider,"
who
a sovereign
they
all
princess,
and exercises
say,
As
to
in the
whom
is
wor-
by the delusion.
it is
deity residing in
itself is
affairs,
it,
or presiding over
fills
it
the stream
their imaginations,
and
Among
were
the
Romans and
propitiated
by
When
sacrifices.
the
Roman
Vitellius
legions to
the
river according to
the
rites
of their
same by
itself,
as
propitiated.
b. vi.
Homer
chap. 37.
21
condemn
acknowledged god,
in pre-
his
river.
great cascade
fiction,
it
joined by the
descends the
this
divine revelation.
barber's
The
statue of
little
Jhola, the
the goddess
chains.
is
It
Nerbudda
may
at
Omurkuntuk, bound
through the
medium
in
first
made
If a sovereign prince
him
but in
named
some
all
The prince
will,
of
Hence
it
was
The Mahatum
(greatness
or
holiness)
of
the
22
Ganges
is said,
as I
is
is
on the
increase,
and in
sister.
it
1817,
may become
it
pulous, and
ever was
more
and
hope they
we took
more
infinitely
will, to
much
attached, the
Nerbudda
know no ground
more po-
if
may be
rich,
in
it
prophecy
possession of
is
concerned.
But
although
must be admitted,
this, it
tion which
may be looked
for
more
is
a consumma-
speedily on the
nor in
my
is
Commerce and
employed
new communi-
so.
this
change
be the great
will
be chiefly
likely to follow
which are
not.
CHAPTER
IV.
We took
village situated
On
we met
up
girls
coming to the
fair.
thigh
women and
a party of
our way
we
but as
their faces.
ladies, "
how
"
the
of the
They thought
it,
!"
for they
Here there
are
really
village to bathe
widows
were
memory
with
of
the
flames.
24
who burned
spot,
but
completion during
my
district,
progress of the
my
presence in 1829.
charge of the
herself in
my
believe,
absence.
As
suttees are
now
cumstances of
the time
this as
me
at
On
and
for the
dered as so doing.
If the
woman burned
wood
for the
liable to
who brought
punishment
husband must be
must bring a
herself
first
On
Tuesday,
Brahmans
in the district, to
widow
to
band,
Omed
25
burn herself with the remains of her husSing Opudclea, who had that morn-
my
ened to enforce
man who
assisted
order,
mained
sitting
I threat-
so.
for
She
re-
eating or drinking.
The next
clay
in a small pit of
about
there
as
to
seemed
be no prospect of
to
my
who dared
till
sons, grandsons,
relations,
one urging
me
urging her to
my
Her
remained
house,
the
She remained
sitting
upon
On
all
she
in law,
and
live after
Her
26
entreaties
still
were unavailing
and I became
satisfied, that
if
not
dis-
On
ten miles to the spot, and found the poor old widow
sitting
collectedly,
wait
God would
my
permission to do
enable her to
so,
sustain
life
assured that
that was
till
Looking
tiful
"
My
soul has
and
and beau-
this I
been
nothing but my
know you
woman."
my
duty
them
and I
am come
husband's
earthly frame
is left
pit,
because
it is
not
my
my
will in
object and
with
is
"
it
is
not,
to dissuade
to live,
Indeed
you from
this idle
am not
" I
they have
all,
and
had done
ended.
attend
my
me
to induce
me
and honoured
like
power
thought
in their
if
27
know
so,
but
my
ashes on the
among them
duties to
to live
to your care,
Omed Sing
and I go to
funeral pile
first
that she
life
the
no
name
woman
of her husband
disrespectful towards
for
him
she
would consider
to do so
and
it
is
it
often
They look
and
left
the dilemma
for
of
some one
appearing disrespectful
is
them from
to relieve
either
to
they per-
They know that few European genacquainted with them and when women
to disrespect.
tlemen are
bands, they
10
and
was
in a very delibe-
satisfied that
she
28
had resolved
to
" I
die.
been maintained by
she
have,"
continued,
with
all
my
large family in
want
my
with
is
and I
My
" I see
ashes
them
my
and
his."
marriage
soul
!"
me
am satisfied,
and I
really believed
she saw
that
her
own
moment
spirit
and
I tried to
told her that
it
fears.
make
similar sacrifices
and
lastly,
that not
where she
But
if
died, if she
she consented to
should be built
for
her
a splendid habitation
among
these temples
these rent-free
My
"
come
should
has departed
and
shall
have nothing
my
but a
left
band
children
same.
her
29
nothing in burning
suffer
and you
fire,
said
spirit
little
my husand
if
shall see
this
did,
At
this
it
was incapable of
suffering pain;
members
of
the
life,
it
to
burn herself
if
they would
agreed
to,
to
family,
should be suffered
would be unavailing
member
of
This they
sent
down no-
pit.
fire
were
called for a
up,
son,
30
proached the
fire.
round,
all
and
it
As she
was instantly in a
The
blaze.
distance was
she came on
with a calm and
countenance stopped
Why have they
and
her eyes upward
about one hundred and
yards
fifty
cheerful
once,
casting
kept
me
said
five
coming to the
my
husband
pit,
On
!"
stopped
paused a moment
the
"
she
and
some flowers
into
fire.
as if
reposing upon a couch, was consumed without uttering a shriek or betraying one sign of agony
is
commonly supposed,
last
in order to
fire,
not
drown screams,
living.
strife
to the
yield,
and
so that there
was
little
that
it
and I
stimulate
am
her
persuaded
husband
in the
if
she
now burned
herself,
From
day he
Wednesday
Tuesday,
died,
pawns or betel
ate
till
leaves,
31
and
She went
fire
worn
into
in the
bed of the
river
but
it
from a persuasion, that even the shadow of any impure thing falling upon her when going to the pile
contaminates
the
to say,
purpose
lived,
they
that
doos
among whom
first
There
parents are
is
fe-
no
more
ex-
loved, honoured,
all
must do
is
No queen upon
all
the
mem-
in
the bed of the river, with only a red rag upon her
head, and a single white sheet over her shoulders
Soon
heard a young
There
is
no doubt
its
that of the
32
community by the
Rewa was
jah of
The
sacrifice.
Ra-
sister of the
one of four or
five
who
wives
and nothing
is
upon
becoming a
when
she had
and she
suttee,
resolved
first
told me,
that
many
sat,
with
female relations,
suttees.
who had
at
different times
aunts,
become
and one
and kept
in
good
never mentioned
repair.
this
She
told
me
breathed his
last
suth,
suth
till
The
died.
ing between
me
at
Jub-
government.
What
33
are
husbands
"
They
are,
sir,
Buneeas
Brahmans, Rajpoots,
Why
now
that they
are
The knowledge
selves to a second
caste, tends
Besides, if all
first, sir.
distinction
And
so
No
should
soon
all
We
!"
widows ?"
dis-
"
And would
they, do
you think,
like to
have the
Some
of
"Why?"
"
life."
let
troubles
as widows."
" If they
members
VOL.
I.
no-
34
mory
of their
is
all
lost fathers,
they are
frail
selves at
and brothers so
sons,
But women
methat
feel
all their
lives to
And why do
"
not the
men burn
life ?"
women are."
"And you think
themselves to
it
from Heaven, as
the
called to be
"
that
we
all
women
dergo such
tortures
they
become
dise with
and
him a
was burnt
banker
"
town
declared, all
six
all in vain.
the
dis-
be a mistake, but
and
Nothing could
seventh, time.
When
with
inspired
times before
really
?"
No doubt
beings like
women were
the
She became a
day after
the
it
must
suttee,
body of the
!"
family,
who were
They
did
God
with
was a
and
it
"
"
She
widow
of the banker's
this
?"
said
was about
"
all
from heaven."
call
flames.
she being a
it,
?"
35
will
when he
Then he
to the
died
."
radise ?"
"
No,
upon
"
sir
earth, both
become young
to
in paradise."
sir,
from home,
far
?"
years ago,
business to Banares
to
two months.
middle of the
night,
to
call
morning a
pile
was raised
for
her,
and
in the
on the north
avenue of
There
trees.
saw
and
"
Now
?"
d 2
!"
man
36
"
wife,
sir,
Who made
"
Some
thought
it
You
?"
in reality,
"
call
they
it
Yes."
"
Do
now
destroy
Never
these parts
and
is
among
their sub-
You
jects.
now
girls
it
at play in villages,
see
But
still
riage.
"
At
infants
it
first
not so?"
they grumbled a
grew upon
no more about
their
little,
sir
affections,
they
thought
it."
but as the
conversation.
He
me
Jub-
little
was educated
in
the
and
is
is
37
I told
visit,
him of the
Brahman
it.
He
had
"
said,
That
in
been the
really
some former
birth
of
themselves
with
his
burning,
large
serpent
other
came
mer
While
body.
came
up,
sacrifice.
When
were performed
offerings
they
and
Soon
were
ascendan-
after,
satisfied that
they
birth,
sin-
in
in his
up,
Brahman
the
pile,
woman
which transposition a
had three
great-grandfather
of
wife
had occurred
gular case
ing the
probability this
all
so
again after
this
and to
this
day every
for six
member
the
right to be
among
considered as
few days
cipal of the
and
his ancestors,
!"
visit
from
tell
me
all
herself.
that he recollected
38
and he did so as
fol-
When my
funeral pile
for several
different births,
wife in three
more.
generations, de-
We
and
told
her that
it
and had a
this
my
all
story
as
we
She
said
must be a mistake,
in
were
that she,
brother in the
to ask charity,
salt,
by mistake,
in-
That, in consequence,
next
in the
be sepa-
birth,
but that,
if
We
widow of my brother
must be a dream
and the
were not
We
prevented the
pile,
at Sehora,
39
My bro-
at Sehora.
stole
her to Khittolee.
band and
her return to
No
would
assist
them, as
it
we
husband and
The
and she
was burned."
"
And what
twenty years
"
Why,
brother
is
?"
now your
in
be,
what
And what
"He
was
grandfather
his
my
my
became
so."
?"
them
all
observed with as
those of any
still
member
much
magnificence as
of the family.
to be seen at Khittolee,
and had
Her tomb
and that of
mv
is
brother
at Sehora."
I
went
to look at these
40
found that
village
all
birth,
the
old
his at Sehora.
and
mer
Her tomb
is
as his
widow
at Khittolee,
and
41
CHAPTER
V.
Before
thought
went
it
which place
quitting Jubbulpore, to
charge of the
civil
district in
different native
them rent
1828,
gentlemen upon
purpose,
keep them up
however
at that rate
small,
and
in repair
Some
mango
groves,
fruit,
it is
of these groves
and
all
had been
far
lugow
is
the
maxim.
42
Among
married.
man who
till
he has
near
The
same grove.
in the
it
proprietor of one of
cantonment
monies
till
the rest
one of the
when
trees,
his
1833
old wife were in
They began
serious duty,
to
their children.
neglected a
off
rowed
all
they could
all
The
pair,
who
tasted
June 1834.
larger the
number
of
Brahmans
many he had
feasted,
he
my
said,
how
He showed me
the
mango
tree
which had
;;
MARRIAGES OF TREES.
43
where
is
"
?"
"
side.
And
rind I had in the grove died," said the old man, " be-
we
fore
here, so that
it
we
and I was
my
mango.
celebrated of
Because
"
it is
"
all trees
"
all
other
the most
And why
not
Because no one
from a learned
Mahomedan, now
my
visit to
visit
who
re-
mentioned
went
to the expense of
drink of
waters
its
some banana
tree,
till
making a
he had married
his
tank to
pose.
"
But what,"
expect from
men who
is
you
the god
44
who
months
is
in the year,
and
divided between
who by
his
The
minions.
lightning which
we
see," said
the
my
good
friend,
his foe
Rajah Bull."*
many good Mahomedans who believe that the meteors, which we call shooting stars, are in reality
stars which the guardian angels of man snatch from
the spheres, and throw at the devil as they see him
passing through the
air,
Yes,
it
is
but
we have
Is
not so
down
bound
to believe
upon the
* There
earth,
is
the lightning
When
it.
he found
?"
as delivered
this,
it
to us
by
his
and we are
it
is
God.
Psalm
Ixxvii.
The
was
in the
heavens
the lightnings
45
METEORS.
who, by their abominable
of magicians,
rites
and
whom
or demons,
to listen to
men and
them
On
and reported
off,
to the magicians,
In
this
over-
from God
this diabolical
them
to our holy
effects of
God
the magi-
prophet.
his
to
evil
such practices
to put a stop to
of
them
as soon as
one
him."
and
star,
and
flings it at
He
had read
all
in
to learn
from
me
them.
I
stars,
visible
to the
naked eye
46
unborrowed
light,
and pro-
numerous
its
planets, revolving
satellites
the
around
it
and those
distinctly visible
one cluster
the genius
of
to be studded
should be
made merely
to be
thrown
at devils
and
greater
rainbow
is
They believe
absurdities.
that
the
snake, concealed
forth this
Hindoos believe
that he vomits
what to
is
is
in the east,
and
in the
know
not
say."*
* Nine Hindoos out of ten, or perhaps ninety-nine in a hundred, throughout India, believe the rainbow to arise from the
47
METEORS.
"
The
truth
is,
my
friend,
very
much
know
our species
right.
prophet,
widow
" I
of
Mahomed,)
the angels
say,
it
said,
come down
to
who descend
words, and
the
in heaven, carry
hearing
them
states:
the
orders
lies
One
"
majesty,
in
sitting
company with
who found
of their own."
the prophet,
predestined
to fortune-tellers,
friends informed
manded
the
Abu Abas
when
'
one
several
What,' de-
when a star shot like this?' They reGod and his messenger know best but we
ignorance,
plied,
'
used to
man was
a great
man
died.'*
'
There,'
born to-night, or
said
his
majesty,
and
if
star, it
to indi-
was understood
till
si-
their
48
the
'you mistake
neither
the
for
When
sons.
of these stars
shootings
life
our
cherislier
are
of great per-
a work,
orders
the
the inhabitants
till
of
the nearer
it
it,
angels,
throne,
say,
Then they
What
"
informed
are
your
did
so
and the
and carry
stars are
it
handed
is
it
information
the
till
Then the
order?"
cherisher
and
steal
repeat
regions
devils
thrown at these
devils,
and not
for
tell,
The prophet
declared, "
the regions
them
God
of their own,
lies
hear.'
as a cause of
ornament of
on the
sea.
them
from
his
own
Ibu Abas.
The prophet
whoever
said,
attains to
cromancer
is
an
infidel
!"
is
An
astrologer
is
(Book
i.
chap. 3
book
THE DEVILS.
49
Camp
xxi. chap. 3.
and sayings
of
Mahomed,
of
as
them
or
by those
upon the
mans, though
not
Everything that
faith
all
written in the
is
Koran
itself,
is
God by
Koran
all
itself.
and
last!
and have
set
and
spectators,
stones
flame
We
Christ got
is
to get
who
got
them
three more;
them out
except
till
Mahomed managed
u
described in the
is
him who
darted."
by
listeneth
Chap.
xv.
<(
We
stars,
devil driven
stealth,
away with
whom
at
a visible
may
not listen
except
is
prepared for
stealth,
VOL.
I.
and
is
pur-
50
CHAPTER
VI.
HINDOO MARRIAGES.
Certain
it
is
that no
Hindoo
will
months of the
rainy season;
for
among
have a mar-
visit
is,
down on a
sacred duty
among Hindoos,
is
owe him no
reverence.
A family, with
a daughter un-
is
considered to
member
is
and no
able,
till
he
is
married.
It
him
suitably married
and
if
they do not do
so,
same
feeling,
in
less
degree,
pervades
all
he
The
the
HINDOO MARRIAGES.
Mahomedan community
strange to
them
bachelors
among
with
riage,
ties,
fills
all
51
ceremonies,
its
its
and
rights
Mar-
its
is
du-
and
is
withstanding
all
polygamy.
tain
those
who can
afford
wife,
it
will
first.
One
Indian soeiety,
in ten of
the
main-
if
he has a child by
sums
in marriage
ceremonies.
provide for their families, and rise in the world, parents everywhere feel
have, and
all
bound
their marriage.
Men
cure of being permitted freely to enjoy their property under despotic and unsettled governments, the
knew
or hoped for
laid out in
lives,
and
for those
e 2
52
no doubt, to
much
to
birth,
which tends so
depend upon
exhaust
all
his
all his
credit, in
Every man
feels
chil-
his children to
be married with
he
less.
esteem in
cured
this
life,
and groves
se-
But under
title
as altogether secure
ligion
re-
53
HINDOO MARRIAGES.
seems to have been considered
as a
kind of value in
There
so
much
with
life
happen to be large
riage, if it
life
nothing
is
it is
their
Amoku,
it
A man
make
would hardly
and
it
as
feel secure
or anything that
is his,"
him nothing;
cost
if it
and
till
he could
who
by an outlay which
a tangible value in
rulers.
feel
He, therefore, or
his security
and
secure
he would not
loss,
feel
cost,
His family,
tribe,
and
circle,
have re-
more
them
lies
and
if it
enjoyment
The
fees
pride of fami-
participate in the
originated
will,
it
is
may have
it
54
Nothing
is
now more
all
riage of one of
many
nor
have,
management of government
officers,
had
his
rent, at
an exor-
same
his
55
CHAPTER
VII.
We
left
to Bughoree.
accompanied us
good
shooting.
day's
some venders
in wood,
but I
now found
officers,
and get
regi-
ments, as they marched over this road, free permission to help themselves gratis out of the store-rooms
whom
I had set
up with a loan
it
Wood
shops
for
all
and
shopkeepers
public
officers
supply
and consequently
time
to
must be
to.
have
From
that
disappeared.
and establishments
56
men
and
all
afraid
They do not
is
like the
their
native
from their
officers, either
or their labour;
which
and which I am
encouraged by European
in
villages gratis,
wood
head servants of
the
They make
the poor
men
master
if
is
they approach
there
is
sit
and they
tell their
men
to
them
masters, that
come
for their
money till they have bathed or taken their breakfast. The latter wait in hopes that the gentleman will
come out or send for them as soon as he has been
tamed by
his breakfast
all
now no
is
men
They
in the
afternoon they
all
till,
walk
If,
in the
mean
time,
had time to
that
57
all
them twice
he comes among
It
them
at all
have
all
account
is
he takes
it
porters ought
who
servants,
to have
get what
all
these
Or, perhaps
received.
if
the
he pays
his
poor
men
or revenue officer
is
pocket.
The
native
for the
camp
of a regiment or
up wood enough
own
in his
quiet
sit
in felling trees,
and cutting
to
get nothing
all
manner of
enumerated
in a certificate.
Many
and
village communities,
myrmidons.
all
Lambs,
fowls,
milk, vegetables,
people,
who
whoare represented
it.
kids,
officer or to his
this
some of the
evils
will
be
If a
58
to provide
a regiment, detachment,
with boats,
or individual
he has
all
that
willing to pay
rest,
who
require them.
profit
much
anxious
defeat
all
prietors of vehicles
The gentleman's
servant
tells
who
his
is
sent to
procure
and
The magistrate
is
written to
his
emergency
as
whom
and
be considered
feel authorized
On
made
large fortunes
the Ganges,
for other
59
is
One
lose.
of these self-constituted
up the
river
way down
its
or
hands of
soon
prospect of getting
this
up with
better to put
the
of
out
his loss
case, thinks it
rities.
crew
is
his helplessness
dered, or runs
the boat
is
bribe
his
he
becomes known
is
perhaps mur-
still
so
the
We remained
at
Bughoree the
them
pore friends,
ing,
and
in the
they had
as black partridges
abundant
long march
to see a little
who were
shoot-
60
CHAPTER
VIII.
Meer Sulamut
the
district,
who
me
with great
me
young
wife's
and
resting
my
zeal, ability,
integrity,
to visit
While we were
sons.
came
inte-
sitting together,
who was
talking with her outside the tent door, " If that were
really the case, should I not
Meer
Sahib," said
of society
caste,
among
I,
these Hindoos
still feel
You
see,
members
the pride of
their own,
however
low."
" Yes,"
said the
kind of people
Meer,
Meer
!"
incar-
61
RELIGIOUS SECTS.
being in
infinitely
superior
attributes
themselves.
to prophets,
gods
this
in
These great
Egypt.
which their
flatterers are
and
most prone
to extol
men
of
tions
their
destruction
men made
which
in the
men
their flatterers
incarnations were
whom
their
all
now
is
No
"
when
their
women
"
is
for heads,
Do you, Meer
offer
up human
!"
sacrifices
anywhere
There
is
?"
a Rajah at Ruttun-
pore, or
bhulpore,
who has
year
and that
man
offered
man must
up
to
Dovy
be a Brahman.
every
If he
62
he and
his
one of
priests offer
own
his
if
not,
subjects.
vain
Rajpootana states
If a Rajah died,
all his
but
all in
to do the
his friends,
what
out attendants
sat the
is
said
for,
The
same
was enormous
pile
on the top
kill all
" This
is
all
all
degree,
their
below;
fire
is
is,
on the other
hand,
as himself,
for
and in as
he believes, that
much
revelations
a way to heaven as he
fair
my
by the
med was
from us
to allow
him
his.
Son of God
the prophet of
is,
framed
is
in
God
and
He
doubts not
that he asks
own way.
own
Nor does
itself
RELIGIOUS SECTS.
63
any other
for
much
exclaimed Sulamut
Ali,
we have
we
throats
even think
it
never think
it
meritorious to do so
Mahomedans;
of
but he would
There are no
religion.
and
own
less
every one
of
these
sects
on
member
is
to
"
"*
!
I fear,
*
late to
annoy you
Meer Sahib?"
Meer Sulamut
Ali
He
other seventy-one.
is
at
is
when he
Osman
will
its
members
its
of every one of
all
of
sects be-
predestined to paradise.
am
8
sometimes disposed to
think
64
u
day,
sir,
sect of us together;
them
will find
men
not perhaps
is
known
to
many
my
of
town
in India,
countryin the
who
scavengers,
The
is
member
and
if
that range, he
will
recog-
is
no other member
excommunicated
smoke out of
to caste only
by a
jug
feast to the
Mahomed was
account for so
to conceive a
self-deluded,
however
difficult
might be
it
men
all
A very
was concerned.
interesting
more or
led
less
mad, by
whom
by
occasions, save
for a
and duties of
him on almost
to
to
multitudes of
and a philosoreally
have been
their glory
fit
mad and
subjects
65
COMBINATIONS.
that range, none of his filth will be
removed
till
he
pacifies him,
touch
to
it;
It
is
of combination
spirit
is
upon the
Every
infringements
All
Payment
no one of the
and
rules
excommunication
and
in the highest,
class.
sits,
or
weakest
the lowest
strongest in
payment.
enforced by
till
is
the fine
fine,
The
is
paid
fines are
imposed
men
and
fix
Washer-
combine
to prevent
master's washerman.
to raise the rate
ordinary rate
of
w ashing
r
falls
from the
ultimately
double the
fines levied.
The
VOL.
selfish purposes.
I.
of
bad or
fair or
to
is
or
their
staff of
an
66
commanding a brigade on
officer
service,
whose
him
that
more
man was
ral.
European gentlemen
He
self
for
at last
committed him-
All
disputing.
the
as to
elephant-drivers
whom
he was
in our large
camp were immediately assembled, and it was determined in council to refer the matter to the decision
of the Rajah of Dhurbunga's driver, who was acknowledged the head of the
fasting with
came
class.
the
when
the
fifty miles.
reply
running in
all
knowing why;
distance to
We
saw men
at last
With a face
came and
implored the protection of the brigadier; who got
angry, and fumed a good deal, but seeing no expres-
brigadier's driver.
sion of
the
sympathy
man
to
go
and
who were
of terror he
all
he told
He
was
The
offender was
67
COMBINATIONS.
He
was read.
did
and the
so,
him
letter directed
for a feast,
camp were
delighted,
solemnity and
effect.
quite altered by
it,
On
drivers.
listing the
New
the
community
punishment of
in the
Zealanders, and
offenders,
who
for
my
regiment
who
ser-
punishment or admonition to
required
first
fine
religious
we thought
just.
so well
admi-
they were
all
We
our
crossed the
last
Herun
from
to our tents in a
mango grove
close to the
town of
hills,
which
rises
68
Nerbudda
it
is
found masses of
No-
thing has ever yet been found reposing upon this iron
clay.
The
its
right
at
and
this
gigantic round
bastions projecting
is
now
vated,
wide.
The
river crosses
Near Jubbulpore
close
it
into
what was
a well-peopled, well-culti-
valley,
and recrosses
it
diagonally.
some distance
Vindhya range
receives the
it
river, forty
and
reaches the
Herun
miles below.
where
it
69
CHAPTER
IX,
On
the 23rd
we came on
pore,
Jubeyrah,
situated
on
the
western extremity of
now covered by
is
twenty-four villages.
in
by
south of Jubeyrah.
two
range, which
it
united.
It
hills
long,
one hundred feet broad at the base, and about one hundred feet high.
The
apparently, cemented
way
stones,
;
though
cut,
were never,
many
industrious and
happy
now
is
the site of
little village
commu-
70
ducted
me
that
it
to the
Emperor Ourungzebe.
a fairy tale
and
emperor
this
and
yet,
is
me
is all
Mahomedans
and told
architecture
in their fana-
Hindoo sculpture or
singular as
it
may
appear,
is
of some
to
all
is
supposed at once
At
due reverence.
Ourungzebe and
his soldiers
had
really
assuredly
all
knocked
if
they
now show
it,
to the door of
But
Gouree Sunkur's
route
and
we have
to the
his
really
army
Here
if all
your gods
The popular
zebe's
belief,
is
prominent features
however,
!"
71
"My
"
men
Her
head
are about
?"
consort
soldiers
all
miles.
It
whom
the
is
rest of the
I have
and a squadron of
lery,
with
all their
and driven
artil-
off
The
some miles
officers
by
genetents,
their carpets
are often
still.
Horses
The grooms,
in try-
most
suffer
I have seen
culty
people
in a
some
who
diffi-
all.
In such a frightful
72
cud as calmly as
if
amusement
for his
On
still.
Saugor
district, is
of more than
surmounted by a
figure
Some few
ning
shot fired at
as his
it
to the Deccan.
filled,
emperor ordered
he was
is
his
they
army
gunners to
satisfied of the
say,
by a swarm of
to flight
and the
!"
There
popular
belief, similar
inventions of priests.
from the
Native travellers,
soldiers,
on a
the nest
still
day.
till it is
feeding his
fire,
is
too late.
as the
smoke ascends
touches
them they
mad
like
sally forth
in circling
The moment
it
Three companies
motion.
73
of
my
regiment were
Cawn-
The
1817.
day
every
and one
still
onshore
afternoon a sipahee, by
sent the
it,
whole of
his
infuriated
comrades,
among
swarm
the
in the
all
on
were im-
officers,
river Ganges.
it
The
officers
their boats
was
ation
still
that of the
men.
I should
conflict.
Kuttungee with us
whom
situ-
to take leave of
my
as
far
wife, to
my
house
from
whom
74
more
territories
conquest
1781.
a. d.
fortress of
a. d.
He
the funeral
as she
pile,
Saugor
to the
the
died a prisoner in
doing
358
in a. d.
district,
One burnt
herself
upon
so,
She
re-
which was
still
it
in the
Jubbulpore
dis-
and
it
pension
when
the
territory
upon
now about
looking woman.
beautiful.
and
still
She
a very good-
to appear unveiled
we
left
in 1833,
much
kind and considerate attention from the Hon. Mrs. Shore, a very
amiable woman, the wife of the Governor-general's representative,
the
Bengal
civil service.
able
member
of the
much
interested,
shawls.
and
He seemed
him.
to
sentative,
75
Governor-general's repre-
ever poor,
and as
receive;
how-
own tosbukhana,
his
The
and when I
ashamed
to
wear them,
much
as her own.
shawls,
as
till
proud to complain.
How
me
see the
The
had
left
the place.
76
CHAPTER
X.
The
many
of
my
25th.
among
great
the native
camp
and bid
me
me
at every stage, to
out
tents
and much do I
fear,
that
my
have the
upon him
much
men
as
met us
I
am
the best
men
have ever
of
in
77
much more
leisure,
The constant
habit of meeting
own
terests, in their
fig-trees,"
fields
in-
feeling or appearing
impudent or obtrusive
it
them
though
stentorian voices,
us.
India are
little
who hold
as the case
may
a lease for
be, of their
lands,
One
farmers,
bullocks,
These cultivators
to
depend upon
able terms,
holdings
are,
their stock
and character
when
who
learn
for favour-
to change their
soil.
The
of
villages
terest in them,
in
India,
in-
of property which
is
payment of a
78
common
the
vision
private
medans
among
property,
the Hindoos
till
specific contract.
When
mean the
The whole
The
and Maho-
mon
unaffected by
law,
among
is
village
is
priest,
little village
is
ew
officio
community,) potter,
little
who
times for
In some
out
all
religious ceremonies
villages the
among
as-
cultivating proprietors,
and are
liable to
same
share.
In
others, the
who charms away hail-storms from the crops, and the Bhoomka,
who charms away tigers from the people and their cattle, are
added to the number of village servants.
79
who
hold them
on a
lease
specific
who
culfor
holds the
which
all
and these
of a caste of
was
ter-
will
Brahmans
scended from a
estate
common
ancestor,
whom
to
the
a quit rent,
for
his
Sub-
sequent governments, which resumed unceremoniously the estates of others, were deterred from re-
Such communities of
two
kinds, those
each
cul-
among
member holding
payment of the share of the government demand assessed upon it; and those among whom
responsible for the
these tenures
The
them
to continue as
them
little
if
These au-
rent, assured
80
the lands are not parcelled out, but the profits divided
as
among
in either case,
lect
They,
col-
appoints a
man
what
is
from the
The communities
in
merous
considered to
liable to
In
in
be assessed
at
the
rate,
as
not general
it
proprietor to have
it is
and
of India
as
and often
are liable to
others
holding
pay a higher
But
this is
the
parts
they
same rate
all
is
as
much
the interest of
it is
felt to
among
themselves, without a
is
al-
is
less
81
which of these
that
in
which
to
own
public
officers,
its
among
ment
considers
prietor,
his lease-
tenants
leaving
among
mutual contracts.
In the
will supply
latter of these
two
sys-
between them
and
in
soil,
it
utility,
and a
in
less
our
expenditure in the
civil
and
profit,
costs of litigation
and bribery to
courts,
of a greater
our
public
system,
which
officers.
for the
most
false
premises
upon
VOL.
i.
the
other
cultivators
part,
the
proprietors,
82
soil
immemorial
usage, in a certain
to the
known
man
to the go-
Now
registers.
in India,
fixed,
opportu-
knows, that
the
estates at
ever the
the
same time
nor
greater
as greater
or less facili-
ties
such
many other
or
circum-
much
ment,
It
is
not so
cultivators themselves,
who demand
upon
it,
government must
cers.
This readjustment
Every
if
there
is
effect it
holding
no landlord to
through
becomes
effect
its
proprietor dies,
cultivating
and
83
than one
child;
country
easily
is
as
the
Thus the
field
map which
map
attempt to
map
in fact,
is
we might almost
it
as well
field-
India.
my
in going, as
it
its
has generally
settlement of
of Bengal,
it
and
dividuals,
tenants at
in
left
will.
These individuals
felt
no interest
and they
let
whom
who
again let
them out
little
inte-
became involved
;"
for
in the ruin
84
many, who
will
remedy the
evil.
In the other
who
is
in village settlements, in
of moderate
size,
its
shall
be
common
law.
This
is
and which I
trust
new
be always adhered
When we
territory,
to.
we do
unaffected by the
civil
civil
not require or
be-
one and the same, and are contained in one and the
same
code, as certainly
homedans,
among
the Israelites.
By
other
we
civil relations
of
life,
contract,
other,
and duties
we merely change
all
ascertained; and
and
we do
the
when
not pretend
in relation to each
mode
85
Of
in
we have succeeded
may seem
object,
the
the
security
of
life,
property,
and
view
in
character,
The
and
actions by
evi-
ought to be, so
much
Mahomed and
his
companions
thought
w hat
in
the
them
in
for
just
well pleased
as
They would be
Zoroaster,
as
in
common
sense,
those of
so,
to see
The
fiscal
86
What
mere
fiction
principle.
of law,
is
still
now
in
England
in
India an essential
is
of the sovereign
no exception.
is
is
lic
which
are
When
medan
Maho-
in
or
if
he should think
them
for the
Hindoo sove-
fit.*
to his physi-
lands yielding
deed signed by himself and the heir apparent, declaring expressly, that
He
it
should descend to
him and
who had
On
being remon-
was of course
whom
" that
signed the
make him
he pleased
now be
Nawab,
or the
by every reigning
members of
he
left
this right,
who
successor
among
among
87
should exercise
It
it.
a proverb
is
that the
man who
them
holds
man
who-
fact
is,
community.
The
our
the holders.
It
civil
courts which
and the
entails
it
upon
is
employed
gious,
educational,
judicial,
for the
and other
in lease immediately
tenth
defensive, reliestablish-
ments.
now
or providing
is
payment of the
The other
who was
interme-
the person to
leases
held by
old physician,
whose
villages,
five years
under go-
whom
Ameer Khan.
me by
88
diately
of
under some
who
rent, or for
for
chief,
government, and
lets
them out
to farmers.
more
These
hilly
and
89
CHAPTER XL
WITCHCRAFT.
On
district,
Kehree Sing.
" I understand,
men among
the
Kehree
Sing," said
No,
sir,
Gond women
" Where ?"
"
I,
the
men
human
Is
flesh.
do."
Everywhere,
sir
there
is
not a parish
"
"
They
"
so ?"
village,
find
it
I understand
nay, a
will
not
sir."
?"
"
And you
really still
said,
90
Of course we do
"
every day
do not we
find instances of
it
to
try.
district,
time
own coun-
in charge of the
Seonee
but he was at
last convinced."
"How?"
"
One
woman
from an old
the
it.
down upon
trooper was
his
mended
We
knew imme-
all
and recom-
He
for,
he got
and
woman from
it
manded
She
to cure him.
herself conjured
him
him
did so
whom
the poor
diately that
Before
flatly
unknown
com-
to her,
have punished
This, however,
to cure the
man
would not
do.
and she
set
all his
Had we
not been
died before
WITCHCRAFT.
"
Did not a
Jubbulpore
"
How
was
Chuprassie of
Jubbulpore
91
his,
this ?"
district,
Fraser, at
Mundlah with a
to
it;
and
it
in a
He
curry.
went
unsuspecting young
something,
He
to sleep.
woman mutter
heard the
it;
and
He made
several stages
and
all
way back
but
vain
in
to Jubbulpore,
effect
he
men were
died,
"
" I
"
Fraser convinced
?"
Who
on
The
to
their
They
The witches
whom
they had
?"
dealings
"
the
livers,
graves, bring
dig
them
sacrifices
and
offerings.
to
life,
their
devils to
hawks
92
You
(European gentlemen)
it is,
but
The
belief in sorcery
among
its
in a great
origin,
liver
sahib loge
natives,
much subject
India.
From these
and particu-
in the jungly
parts of central
affections chil-
marks of
die,
Their death
disease.
attributed
is
to witchcraft;
is
immediately
Seeking to inspire
by repeating prayers
over the me-
patient, or
make him
believe, that
these powers
them
cure,
He
to destroy.
man
the
to
that those
that
*
the
Ode
it
his
and
arises
if
can
will,
and the
command
command
any other
who can
can, if they
and
confi-
these
powers
command them
he does not do
so,
to
to
cure
they believe
the pa-
93
WITCHCRAFT.
tient.
many
medical
of
instances
known
a great
practitioners
having
whom
for
come before me
cases have
Several
as a magistrate, in
which
killed
his child,
and cut
child died,
The town
twenty thousand
souls,
and they
all
believed in this
when he
replied that he
we ought
to consider ourselves
Cuttuck
is
woman has
that quarter.
and that
" But,"
added
very fortunate in
it
I verily believe
of Ruttunpore on business
city
by accident, to
me.
jostle
an old
woman
as she passed
accident,
indistinctly as
!;
04
my
cane, I
had been
and leading
my
all
turned
my
to
great
blood
woman.
found, to
I collected
my followers,
my accounts,
man
influ-
before morning.
old gentleman,
on
and,
turning round to
powers of
of these
It
is
spells
and
if
!"
me
one day,
the
women
of Khiloutee.
concourse of people at a
Raepore
fair,
strangers in the
with two
He
fair,
women
some very
fine
sugar-canes.
a struggle ensued.
seller
relations
on
95
WITCHCRAFT.
At
last
a sipahee of the
go
hold
his
of the
He
cane.
turned out."
man
the
right,
and see
to
they
sell,
prices, or
be
Jungbar Khan,
"
thought
if
he took
said
we
saying,
refused,
" that
let
fair play.
We
'
my
from both
ceress
pieces,
The
ground.
and forming a
man
little
real
state
told that he
left in
timely
for
him
He
had
walk
to
she de-
for the
went
whom
a sor-
But
pool on the
woman was
all
!'
interference
We
to the governor to
life
would be
safe.
He
in sacks
10
96
not sink
the
they ought
to have
them
Jungbar, " a
There
off.
of this kind of
village,
indeed no
'
If
my
We
man
and most
its
not," continued
is
is
to protect
fertile in India."
how
a man, impressed
all
him by a sorceress, should become faint, and remain many days in a languid state; but how the
people around should believe
that
they
saw the
am
satisfied that
story to be true
it is
old
and that
at the time
;
but the
he thought
little
pool of
and he related
Khiloutee witches.
powers of the
97
CHAPTER
XII.
Poor
old Salamut
meeting
in
my
and
tent,
his
son
infection,
and
my
and wept
I was obliged to
hurry
The poor
the same.
old
my
many
Ranee too
wife,
whom
Her
fine
suffered a
good
to return.
we
find a great
kullup,
many
that the
VOL.
I.
name
stage,
of the
is
same which
in the
leaves.
We
are told,
his
consort
98
Seeta, will
upon
all.
many
in the forest
on both
God
examine a good
this incarnation of
and
Vishnoo writ-
if
that
is,
Nathoo,
I tried to argue
him out of
this notion
but un-
some
trunk
some
found on every
we came
tree.
was almost
to a part in the
of these trees
down
ler
my
credit
in a hollow,
upon the
but
in the
still
to be
in despair,
when
down
was ready to
probability, that
no
travel-
name nor
The
real kulpa,
Indra in the
at the
first
I sent one
man up
It fell to
WRITTEN TREES.
and another down
trees
99
on the
letters
"
point.
on these
rubbed
name
He
off.
how
trees,
would
or other got
in
most
leafless
"But,"
name upon
"
forest,
and on the
"he
Nathoo,
said
it
his
Cannot you
see,"
have
to
all
!"
be
Of course they
are,"
God were
to write
!"
them higher up
"
is,
Every
in the eye of a
Every Hindoo
Ham and
of
God
is
This
on
this tree
hy the hand
all
Resolving
And
And
man who
all
sees a
ill
God employed
that chequer
life,
Supreme/*
Cowpeh,
H 2
100
difference
is
governments and
their
he called
built a town,
If a
institutions.
it
he called
it,
it
after a favourite
In well-regulated Hindoo
for
him even
the
own
his
embarrassment by answering
in such presence
would be
Dhumow is a
some
five or six
pretty place.
immediately above
saint
it
is
The town
On
ance.
dis-
to Jubbulpore.
contains
it
the 27th
friends, the
who hap-
his
medan
fa-
milies,
On
Hindoo
the
shrine
of a
hill
Maho-
at
Dhumow,
except
bourhood
is
supported by the
resi-
agricultural capitalists,
native collector.
it
suffer
and
filled
with weeds.
much from
is
now
very
tank, or
wading
in
it
for I
WATER-NUTS.
in similar lakes or
vants
who
swamps
followed
101
after snipes,
them with
and the
ser-
ammunition ex-
their
is
everywhere as
dry plains.
It
is
wheat or barley
on the
is
men
cultivated by a class of
called
The holdings
or tenements of each cultivator are marked out carefully on the surface of the water by long bamboos
weeding, and gathering the singhara.
stuck up in
it;
to
for the
portion they
up
till.
beautifully
afternoon.
is
of the
latter part
the
kernel,
which
is
white,
esculent,
The people
and of
are very
They ripen
in the
September
ber.
The
cultivator
rent paid
is
latter
for
end of the
till
to market.
rains,
the end of
or in
Novem-
a year.
for a
102
from
this
cultivation,
reservoirs in
is
which
it
that
is
it
increases so rapidly
soon destroys
permitted
all
and where
it
of the water,
is
it
This
village,
no singhara
otherwise
he
will
shall
never
community
in general.
103
CHAPTER
XIII.
to
Dhumow
Dhumow, on
morning, seven
men
well
armed with
thousand
five
hundred rupees.
for the
104
all
to death with
their swords.
a tanner
so,
his buffalo
and, to
and made
bodies unburied.
none of the
off
fell,
and
village people
it
their friends.
the spot
flocked to
while
all
the rest
were
left to
* Lieutenant
to Soojeina.
to
officer
called
the
place,
back
He
to Jubbulpore,
however, an
sent,
but no
man
could be
heard of the
all
that such
know nothing
of
it
affected ignorance
where they
exactly
mistake
affair
lay.
They
said
it
out to
must be
them
quite
all this
people
and wrote
required,
assistant
on deputation
old
men
at the time
and sending
respectable
apprehension, but
tell
him the
real truth, as
he could pledge
105
We had
gentleman
at
Dhumow
upon the
case,
Gobinel Dass,
a revenue
officer
now about
He
men
eight
at Soojeina; but
he well remembered
we mentioned,
time
on the road
to
at
Jubbulpore.
Seventeen treasure-
to Saugor.
their
noose before
it
way good
laid
hold of the
down the
throat, pulled
his
town on
the
villain
to the town.
summoned to any
They then took him to the spot,
and pointed out to him where the bodies had been found
and
mentioned, that the body of the tanner had been burned by his
friends.
equal
and
it
was not
till
to recover
after Lieutenant
Brown had
given
lost
money
him a
similar
The
loss of the
minor
down
difficulties
killed
it.
we had
to
all
crimes.
put
efforts to
or Lieutenant
106
went
to
collect
all
out
starting
Thugs had
their clothes
all
;
in
gone
of
off
their
with
the
sockets
eyes
The
and
treasure
for
them
in
vain.
at
them speak
of during the
Mogul officer of noble bearing and singularly handsome countenance, on his way from the
Punjab to Oude, crossed the Ganges at Gurmuktesur Ghat, near Meeruth, to pass through Moradabad
and Bareilly. He was mounted on a fine Turkee
horse, and attended by his Khidmutgar (butler) and
"
stout
groom.
Soon
after
he
fell
in
them
cions,
and
to be
off.
tried to
in a
He
his nostrils
lowed slowly.
respectful
different appearance,
Mussulmans.
107
same
in the
taking-
man
Mogul
officer said
They
hand
began again to
persisted
and putting
swell,
he bid them
his sword,
to
The
same way.
all
be
his
or he
off,
He
full
and
that
lodged
the
in
same
surae,
became
They
and
as
the
Mogul
over-
behind.
began again to
swell,
The Mogul's
nostrils
off.
the rear.
The next
day,
Mogul
in advance,
and
his
fell
in
to the
plain, the
10
108
Mussulmans,
weeping
sitting
by
the
side
of
dead companion.
on their way to
Their com-
under the
him
fatigue,
for
Koran
would
office for
in this
his
them, he
w ould no doubt
T
with
its
pistols
placed in
the Mogul
reward
find his
its
proper position,
bow and
and washed
his feet,
He
service, in a clear
words in an unclean
loud voice.
Two
state.
silence.
The other
four
went
off
(signal,)
the hand-
minutes
all
three
his servants
were
head of one
All the
109
CASE OF POISONING.
parties they
to a gang-
kingdom of Oude.
In
dug the
made
a handsome young
as
is
usually
his
sensibility,
and
resistance."
People of great
who seem
An
tions.
it is
to
them
no interest
to feel
in their afflic-
Indian rambles.
was mentioned to
It
by a
little
who
me
my
one day
now infest
for him,
tell
me
I sent
his story, as I
so,
wanted merely
whatever to do
literally
to
coldness of a
learn facts,
with
feelings.
He
down while I
magistrate, who
it
and have
This
is
nothing
his
story
110
"I
my
reside in
mile and half from the town, and live upon the
bounty of
travellers,
About
villages.
my
the side of
six
up with
and
little
boy.
shrine,
and gave
me
when
little
hanging
in
near
my
my
flour
fore purchased a
my
one a
younger than
their bread
ate
by
man came
My
cakes.
sitting
half.
new blanket
boy was
my
for
boy, and
it
was
ing
and I
sat
my boy
It
not why.
all
till
my
lap,
sensible.
poor boy.
in the shrine.
my
my
breath-
where
there with
still
head
when
During
his
bones
found
out, in
I heard this
travellers,
head in
his
from
him
know
I found
by him with
he soon died.
that
and
some
left
me
Ill
CASE OF POISONING.
me
revive
my
me
community
and about
and
fair,
it
thirty-five
woman
the
village
tall
and
stout,
short,
was
to
into trouble.
fair,
son.
much
diseased."
me
ance
of
casual
it
What
no more
would
writer; and a
Persian
claimed, "
feels
my
me, or
in
was there.
The Persian
But
knew
than he
the feeling
Question.
this fellow
me and
tell
landholders
told
my boy
to
me
life,
that
they
if
made
And
if
Answer. Certainly.
But
as well as their
own.
112
And
Question.
if
make another?
my
Have you no
Question.
became of your
boy's
mother?
the
poor old
would break
down on
my
my only
child,
and he has
man sobbed
boy was
him up my-
I have brought
been poisoned
What
other relations?
self
to-
(Here
as if his heartstrings
sit
down the
room.)
Question.
Answer.
weak and
We
ill
to work.
I buried
my poor wife's
;
bones
raised
the
have I
in
all
they
my
bosom.
It
is
by her
side,
but
we
my
knew
113
CASE OF POISONING.
coming
my
on, out of
savings
was
it
all
down while
sat
was becoming a
little
my
heart
apartment.)
its
I had.
bones of
my
many
I have not
years.
many
years to live
may do
they advised me
never turn
me
I found all
man
poor
his wife
in
new
stated
to
be true;
my own
out."
the
man and
the
for
man and
his son
for
them.
monly the
dutora,
and
it is
occasions
is
com-
at others in food.
When
women who do
The
life,
as "
dead
intention
men
tell
is
no
almost always
tales
;"
but the
The
vol.
and that of
I.
last
114
trict,
must be sent
for final
orders.
of India,
crime
this
everywhere
its
is
all
These
is
There
presidencies as
no road
is
free
They put on
alone.
their purpose
all
manner
from
many
this trade
of disguises to suit
chiefly
upon the
number of
greater
lives to
make up
their incomes.
whom
by pretending
of
tra-
woman
an old
to give
or
man
will
travellers,
and getting
The poison
or
when
is
alone,
People of
some
all castes
and
all
it
man-
115
same
The small
vellers.
upon
tra-
unconnected with
parties are
cruise.
for the
accidental,
down
to put
with any
Thug
the
be applied,
fair
many
murders.
the evidence
these gangs,
we
when
arrested,
it,
or the
friends of
whom
the pro-
or with persons to
all.
we found
means of tracing
their victims
parti-
cular murder,
From among
any
in
To
ment
good
for the
ciations, I will
at Delhi,
and
in Calcutta,
116
Among
named were
D, who had
C,
England, and
who had
retired
deeply interested in
believed.
and
says that
South Wales,
still
to
to Scotland.
persons
New
to
thus
persons
the
being
states
that he gave
it
of the claws.
Application
is
to C,
who
made
to C, D, E, and
and B, as to
Nawab
Rampore
of
hookah
for a
left forefoot
in
states
to the
it
two of the
by a goldsmith
claws, got
them
for a
states
upon
left
it
and that
forefoot.
states that
gold
it
had
he
still
lost the
smokes
his
and
hookah
who
still
wore
them round
his
117
evil eye.
gentlemen did
kill
a tiger there
body
after the
upon
To prove
that
what
and
and the
off,
it.
who
They
know
friends,
who
are opposed to
that their
for three
or four
much
addicted to
but
field-
in pursuit of wild-beasts
but whether
after
satisfied
examining
this evidence,
persons mentioned by
it
but to establish
B, C, D, E, and F, the
minister of the
and
Nawab
of
Rampore, the
to
it
to
be confronted
was that
and
118
They would
come
from the
all,
perhaps,
different quarters of
snugly settled
of,
made
similar reference be
to them,
and so
A and B
down
pointed to put
difficult to
the
trials,
particular
bring
all
required, were
under the
these associations
officers ap-
and
it
was
at
The
vic-
way
to their distant
homes from
foreign ser-
the victims,
as
Thugs were
To
obviate
all
these
difficulties,
separate courts
at-
119
whatever weight
it
Such
and who
at
By
this
is
species of
no part of
look back with more pride, than that spent in presiding over such courts,
government
and
assisting the
supreme
from
may
of distinction
vice
in the
good cause
of the
civil ser-
Charles Fraser, the Hon. Mr. Wellesley, the Hon. Mr. Shore,
the Hon. Mr. Cavendish, Mr. George Clerk, Mr. L. Wilkinson,
Mr. Box
Wilkinson
tain Paton.
Caulfield, Sutherland,
and
Colonels,
Wade
Low,
Major
120
CHAPTER
XIV.
On
we came on
the 29th
derable
little
town
NER-
to Puthureea, a consi-
thirty miles
On
leaving Puthureea,
we ascend gradu-
hills
on our
flat basaltic
left,
we
to
see
cappings extend-
level.
indurated
On
little
iron
still
preserving
The cappings
every-
Vindhya range
of limestone
rising
;;
SUSPENSION BRIDGE.
from their
sides,
mere
is
for building.
December we came
the 1st of
village of
this
On
121
to the pretty
the
laying
foundation-stone
December, 1827.
I was present
bridge in
of this
and the
The work
the bridge
as
many
and
at other times,
as
many
between
feet
the
point
of
it
as
could
it
moved over
of a corps of cavalry,
The bridge
at once.
two
suspension
hundred
The whole
fifty
is
cost
less
to
half.
about
able
and
the
amount.
This
work has
and
is
what genius
122
and the
arts.
If the produce
of the
mines, and
soil,
it
for it
out.
upon
that
it,
is,
a revenue beyond
its
ex-
it
it
in produce, or for
little
distant
its
way
is
and
soil
The
markets.
what
its
soil,
this valley
where unex-
It
is
territories generally, is
formed
for the
through these
territories.
is
much
manufactures
123
machinery
into
for
this
now
produce, which
demand of
then, can
we expect
by
land.
pay
and agricultural
facturers,
At Sunodah
there
now
or castle
was
class of
capitalists.
a very beautiful
unoccupied, though
by an
built
is
merchants, manu-
officer of the
little fortress
still
entire.
It
He
ago.
and a
man who
round
this place
his troops
from
in these parts, as he
The son of
in
Europe during
this chief,
by name Rae
know
not.
soil
by the English,
for
what reason
124
killed
in
and having
encampment.
him
close
how he
some one who
and was
to
told, that
tomb one
night,
it,
make
rest of his
life,
he had never
univer-
name
sally as a
to his
is
the
way
On
the 2nd
we came on
deified
to the village of
Kojun-
left,)
off.
strata,
way
lies
are every-
nicely
wooded
intersected by pretty
little
and
valleys,
all
these
valleys
is
rich
being constantly
we
the country
beautiful.
The
soil
hills
but
it
is
125
VILLAGE OF KOJUNPORE.
now
in a
which
assessment
by that
and
loss
among the
of
this posture
industry,
energy,
and
farmers
of affairs
and
cultivators,
is
continued
character,
which must
In India,
evils.
really
depends almost
alto-
Where
venue.
demand
the government
is
imposed
tented
state,
and
and
it
must
less
feet
sea.
recently washed
only yesterday;
to be seen
off,
and there
is
no other substance
The texture of
126
comes
in con-
altered
by
it
but in others
changed
it
it
who were
suffocated
Pompeii.
am
little
city of
satisfied,
for
some time
it
in suspension in
was
first
thrown
in
its
frequent appearance
its
par-
ticles
latter
and above
all,
rallel
mere
flowings, or coulees
filled
hollows,
them
is
My
been
opinion
is,
time formed
lakes
left to
stairs,
at
one
composed was,
for the
most
part,
10
127
PETRIFIED PALMS.
water, and there held in suspension
There
deposited.
till
gradually
are,
crys-
having been
flows of lava. #
had evidently
hills
this surface
had
been raised above the waters, and become the habitation both of vegetable
first
discovery
valley.
of
went
fossil
first
and animal
life,
made
the
my
immediately below
it,
and branches,
all entire,
and
beautifully petrified.
uncovered by the
basaltic plateau.
bones of animals.
Going over
some
fossil
to Saugor, in the
end
it
all
to support
my
conclusion
of the basalt
I believe,
for
he merely describes
map
and his
The facts
Colonel
stratification
128
palm
silicified
These
hills to
the south.
The commissariat
had
the European
riding through
treasure
all
officer
and
it
it
vince them, that the stones which they had every day
seen were
really
petrified
palm
trees.
perfect.
The
roots
i ***/
CHAPTER
XV.
The cantonments
from the
city
European
artillery.
The
company of
two
city occupies
sides of
The
side.
hills
fort
that
it,
and he was
it
own
of the place.
caste.
still
in a dream, or
would continue so
sacrifice his
on the north
till
After
remained
by a
priest,
he should consent to
daughter, then a
girl,
He
accordingly built a
little
shrine in
doorway.
VOL.
i.
He
two children
in,
130
became
of the valley
merchant,
made
filled
and
much
of
known
that
to
drink of
present
caste at
say,
religiously
;
but no living
been
since
Certainly
that
all
of
drinking
avoid
can remember
parents
their
lake
has ever
waters
its
From
difficulty.
spectators,
done
In
so.
little
children to
rible
in their sacrifice
it
is
and so
it
Carthaginian colonies.
Phoenicians
Human
sacrifices
and their
were
cer-
this innovation,
offering
human
been offered
tomed
There
is,"
said he,
sacrifices to the
"no
sin in not
annoyed when
with
is
all
He
kinds of calamities."
of reasoning
and people
131
this
mode
priests out
manner
may
hill,
see
by the
hills
On
hill
The
is
a spur of
tradition
is,
Coming with
his uncle to
pay
who
in these
At
last,
happily she
raising
felt
" the
uncle
less
fringed
ment.
no
Un-
at the
he
same mo-
were
all
converted into
stone
pillars;
monument,
and
in the esti-
k 2
!;
132
It
is
sive tribes
to
which
of the
Gond
couple
this
fact,
is
mity
It
the bridegroom
is
who goes
to the bride
is
much being
on both
said
sides.
ence of both.
Saugor lake.
The Mahadeo sand-stone hills, which in the Sathpore range overlook the Nerbudda to the south, rise
between four and
to
five
fair
perhaps,
is,
still
to fulfil the
When a woman
is
and promises of
grant
what
found of no
if
she
avail,
offer
vows of
themsel ves
their mothers
her
who
who
still
wants.
can,
Smaller
promises
being
If
he has attained
self-
HUMAN
municates
believes
it
it
to him,
He
fulfil it.
paramount duty
to be his
mother's call
133
SACRIFICES.
obey
to
his
Without breathing
this
god
fair
on the Mahadeo
visits all
and
at the
on the
feel
fair.
first visit,
postpone the
val
is
Some
feet,
!
and
If the
the next
annual
have, I believe,
vow
been known
mother's
fulfil his
at
to
pilgrimages to the
When
Sir R. Jen-
and
all
made by him,
and their
efforts
were
assisted
fair
happens, that
Mahadeo
is
more
it
so
134
gods
fair
the
great
demon king
He
face.
of Ceylon
know
and
is
not whether
this
and
in
of seasonable rains
and
in
deficient
is
itself,
is
left carelessly
cattle,
remained uninjured,
grow
fields
to
it
In 1831 they
to their cattle.
The younger
part of
than in others.
of both sexes
and 1834
became
this village
entirely,
lost the
1833
use of
135
r ANALYSIS.
The youth
article
an equal degree.
new
and
my
numbers of the
my
Some
of
fine-looking
young men of
and
all stated,
that their pains and infirmities were confined entirely to the parts
below the
They described
waist.
toms whatever
the young
women.
and
men were
It
is
liable to lose
but
if
the
more
who
liable to suffer
it
merely as they
affected, into
Saugor with a
man
my
friend Dr.
136
and
if
he had any
prospect
fair
the
authorities,
civil
to provide
The
civil authorities,
man
is
in
affections,
&c. &c.
It
is
we have
as yet
which
lamentable to think
done
Nor
above
all
how
very
little
we have
as
yet
It
jails.
of India.
must
officers,
not, however,
regi-
be supposed
without
its
town or considerable
village in India
the
Grecian (Yoonanee)
The
practice.
first
pre-
As
all
tolerably well
goes,
PARALYSIS.
137
all classes,
much more
in ours
confidence in their
They cannot
mate.
afford to
cli-
only fees
give the
much
to
of the
doctrines
medicine. #
upon
not
No
known
book
nose," a
class,
first
consulting,
as large as a
our surgeons.
One
Here they
" spectacles
is
that they do
say,
much
feel that
on
The edu-
church bible.
where he
circle
without
scription
any
Sanscrit lore
cated
great
in
need of
asked the loan of a small extra one for the use of his wife, who
was about
to
be confined.
The basket-maker's
we had
The charge
is
The
rough
cart.
The
cart over
The
first
this
midwife in
poor basket-
138
so,
is
more
people
who
afflicted,
do happen to
by,
fall
is
go,
man
tresses a benevolent
daily
under of
so
a mere passer
telling
relief.
nothing which
much
and
when they
mal-
or
is
as in the present
they meet
him
it
dis-
as the necessity
poor parents,
he
who with
them
travellers
command,
or a species of
it is
at a
knowledge which
and child
but he
139
CHAPTER
SUTTEE TOMBS
On
the 3rd
XVI.
we came
to Behrole,
where
when
of December, 1832,
mometer
The
degrees
of
basalt,
same formation.
and
day
Fahrenheit's
was down to
thermometer.
village stands
decomposed
last
twenty-six
had en-
is
surrounded by
The Dussan
hill
of
hills
of the
under
over which
lies
There are
At Behrole
there are
stands
it
new
in bas-relief, in
140
one
field
in the
On
other.
in hand,
pile.
I asked
good or bad
bathe
to
before
he, " in
some
others bad.
she
us,
and
who had no prospect of a comfortable proviamong their husband's relations, or who dreaded
those
sion
relieve
under the
them
their minds,
full
in the
When
in this way,
next world."
William, he asked
me
must have
felt
said not a
word
for
When
;
but he
who
fearful obstacles
he
districts
141
DESERTED FORTRESSES.
to state
it
should not
And
yet
when
it
was put
murmur was
to the Governor-general's
The
heard.
inquiries were,
replies
I believe,
On
the 24th
we came
to
Dhamonee, ten
miles.
down on each
looking
glens,
side
into
The
rays of
and things
glens,
are,
in consequence,
grown
level
in parts
ground
grown there
more exposed.
in the
bed of the
fortress
of
million
is
said
to
money; and
fifty-two
laid
the foundation
in
him by
triangle,
the two
glens
his astrologers.
hanging
perpendicularly
over the
142
The
fortress
now
is
entirely deserted,
and the
occupied by
is
There
is
no fear of
in India
become
life,
ill,
common
unoccupied
air,
car-
is
to occupy
them become
quences.
than
by a dense stratum of
who attempt
and sooner or
the ruins.
this.
filled
among
much
heavier
fortresses,
and remains
stagnant
like
air
all
to
is,
make
sides,
may be
driven out by
which
fluid,
When
tresses
large open-
in.
will
these for-
above
air
in,
by
fires
lighted with-
draw down a
has
When
natives enter
they always
143
DESERTED FORTRESSES.
make
it
and having
and a crowd of
followers,
much
all
By
is
this rush,
and the
fires
and
mains
fully occupied.
the fact
is
certain,
of abode
deadly places
for small
They
any kind.
all
get
ill,
in
detachments of
them.
From
session
almost
keep
Saugor
the
when we
and Nerbudda
territories,
we
required to
all
at a distance
took pos-
first
them
sited in
verted
Our
;
collections of revenue
and
into jails
for
Of the
prisoners.
in
some
the
who came
accommodation
so lodged,
soldiers
out
abandoned one
think
ill,
five
our
do not
They were
years.
hundreds, I
was taken.
but
may
it
is
and
I have
all
painful to
say thousands,
of
how many
were con-
cases they
of those
were depo-
known
before
this
the whole
in robust
health, three
months
before, brought
144
away mere
state.
certificate,
all
there,
or
in
the
145
CHAPTER
XVII.
BASALTIC CAPPINGS
On
Soon
the 3rd,
after
we came
leaving
The face of
of the Nerbudda
of Bundelcund.
this
the valley
to the south,
many rounded
being to the
series
range overlooking
is,
as I
north.
The northern
towards
face
The
down
in
descending.
From
I.
146
northern face
contrary, there
all
is
are but
feasible;
on the
at
is
it
rivers of the
table
land,
perpendicular
fall
may hang
a
man,
if
plummet
is
not only
intersected
hills
same
The
valleys
time
/"
says
" grant
that I
after these
am
"
me
Time
time
I think, however,
flat
The
flat
each other,
however
distantly separated
they cover
could not
all
the
hills
am
disposed to think,
A NATIVE CHIEF.
147
were
now
is
basalt,
returning to what
it
away
on both
of
sides
may be
much, however,
as of every
this,
then
said
other question.
and
feldspar, hornblende,
Tukut
meet
me
on
his
came out
several miles to
Finding
elephant.
me
and we rode on
we met
till
He
Urjun Sing,
on horse-
mounted
his
was on horseback,
mounted on
own
He
stables.
steed of his
own breeding
and dressed
finer animal)
brocade,
made
more
more
plainly
dressed,
but
intelligent looking
is
man.
their
own,
much
finer
an,d
Having escorted us
leave,
and returned
rising
Tukut Sing
l 2
148
on an eminence.
It
is
walls.
A
came
went
to
to
Thomas.
after
little
pay us
return
As
visit
'a
accompanied
it,
his brother
by Lieutenant
carpets, spread
we were
in
received.
full
hands of a
months.
It
skilful
man was
fit
for
He
seemed
and
woman
whirl-
and whenever
his
ears.
She
at last, in
She gave a
by the keeper.
yond
in fright.
shriek,
The
rajah
and nearly
is
man
fell
of no
of her eggs
he
that
and cultivators of
is,
is
he
is
ruining
all
the farmers
by exactions
and
149
A SINGULAR CHARACTER.
tillage.
He
tory of
Gurha
fortress
and
terri-
was taken
manded by
my
When
regiment,
colonel on his
bit of news.
dear Doctor,
" My
John
commands an army
do
send
me
the newspapers
now
his note
!"
and at
argument
suppose
Calvin,
that I believe in
Why,
this
you do not
those fellows,
sir,
Luther,
?"
was
his adversary
when
into
I
his
first
silenced.
He
was an old
hands,
novels, in the
when
in
camp,
and
man
I put
150
tears stealing
sat
down over
he
tent.
and
regiment,
sible
ever to
and
incidents
of
creation of fancy
these
he
the
that
were
novels
felt
was impos-
It
them
to
characters
the
mere
be true
he
We
to be true.
did
him good.
cient author,
example."
Bolingbroke
" History
With
is
says,
may we
Maria Edgeworth,
philosophy
had been
an an-
philosophy teaching by
equal truth
teaching by emotion.
after
little evil
he
and to do much of
151
CHAPTER
BIRDS* NESTS
On
the 6th
XVIII.
SPORTS
we came
OF BOYHOOD.
basalt, reposing
syenite,
with veins of
bad
upon
decom-
fine soil of
close to a village, in
We
passed
all at
mer,
all
look into
it
help shaking
pean as
as
it.
singular, to see so
close to a tillage,
of
so
and families
nests, situated
nfany boisterous
proprietors
many birds'
and
little
chirping
and
In
152
pulation
paid to
it
Baya
like
No boy
robin-redbreast in England.
in India has
it
modes
in
he
is
city
Upon his
art.
and enterprise.
first
With
it.
is
us
it
one of the
his powers,
first
and
skill in finding
is
dis-
them
among them
are
The same
enemy almost
and enterlife,
renders
of the whole
his dexterity in
till
down, or at
if it is
it
lawful to do
so,
he
upon
sees a
throwing a stone
and,
The
his
least to hit it
feels it to
be a most
As he grows up he
prides him-
member
it,
or without regretting
153
birds' nests.
that he has not a
he
is
gun
hand
in his
to shoot
That
it.
from
his anxiety to
is
put them
friend
me
glass, saying,
"
You may
The following
my
of
lines
him
Walter
me
Joe Manton."
Had
last
know
at a beautiful landscape
At
Meclwin,
Scott,
his
in
as very beautiful
art,
And
many
reigned in
human
breast
Among
it
is
&c.
very different.
birds, or in
and
or shooting for
mere amusement.
matter of business
It
is
with them a
Some
officers
my
grounds.
The
154
him
in
two with
his sword,
my
guard,
who
up,
What have
cut
who,
alive.
man,
" to
whipper-in, in a fury.
"
kill
have killed a serpent, merely because he was a mischievous and noisy beast.
The European
traveller in India
is
often in doubt
villages, are
tame or
villagers themselves,
wild,
so as-
sured of safety do these creatures become, and so willing to take advantage of it for the food they find in the
suburbs.
ever,
faced inhabitants.
There
is
visitor,
how-
day and
all
Baya
birds
fill
PAREEAR DOG.
155
youth educated in
often
amused
in
front
he
is
it.
The European
of the
traveller,
is
traveller
have at
assured
that he
cake thrown
as
ritable disposition,
and
flings
his cha-
world.
all
him
the
156
CHAPTER
XIX.
FEEDING PILGRIMS
SHRUB.
At
we
Siedpore
mango
grove,
encamped
in
friend
visit
pretty
from
little
my
He
his
the
members
is
more through
old
numerous
collects
disciples,
something
who wander
in feeding
to a
is
considered entitled
night's
lodging
and he
man
sition,
He
likes him.
He
was on
his
Rajah of Orcha, to
assist
at
157
SALIGRAMS.
who
must be present.
Saligrams
imbedded
in the
rivers
shells are
The
fossil
now
in lime-stone rocks,
The Saligram
Hindoos that
is
is
when rounded
Hindoo takes
God
the only
for representations of
Hindoo
of the
stone
essentially sacred,
idol
triad.
among
the
and entitled to
It
is
During
who commanded
to
frontier.
He
state of consternation,
at the
all in
a dreadful
sat
The Toolsee
158
is
is
a metamorphosis of
little 'pebble is
priest told
little
sent occasion the procession consisted of eight elephants, twelve hundred camels, four thousand horses,
pay
to
shrub goddess
little
"
were present
man
old
at
Rajah's invitation,
The
till
his
bounty."
with
and he
later
and quoted
my
bad governments
said that
this verse,
pencil.
" Oh,
Rajah Toolsee
!"
for
159
GRASSES.
The contemptible
heaven.
On
had found
my
the smith's
(in
iron."
the ground
little
skin
all
it
we found
frost,
mornings before
for several
we
as
and a
in
by the carelessness of
the
affliction.
warmth
On
a
soil
of her
the 7th
bosom were
we came
basaltic,
still
syenite,
which frequently
is
reposing upon
and protrudes
partially
The
tivated,
Bumhoree over
less rich,
rises
by
to life
fruitless.
nine miles to
though
it
its
and badly
head
cul-
of
silent signs
All
which
is
want of domestic
of good
spontaneous,
quality
when
is
or a deficiency of rain.
make good
hay,
When
all,
it
thrives best
from an excess
all
160
of Saheea.
The
which
fourth,
bhowar or gooneear
fifth,
161
CHAPTER XX.
THE MEN-TIGERS.
Ram Chund
He came
visit
me
at
He
ments kept up
yielded
for
when we took
estate in
year,
It
and
the Saugor
in
district,
rent-free tenure,
This
is
The
land.
tastes
of native
and
wages of
England.
By
the breaking up of
VOL.
i.
162
the local
demand
of land throughout
all
district, in
by degrees
rest that of
While
fell
1831, I represented
my
spirit
made up
him the
difference between what he actually received and what
measures in
more than
He
to me.
felt grateful
five feet
high
to
is
and
maimers are
his
He
came
upon
to call
versation turned
had of
late
me
been killed by
tigers
lies
when a
spirit
who
tiger
of the
about midway
river.
had
killed one
from
all
tiger
would be watched
danger.
after breakfast,
spirit
for
said,
man he was
his head,
One
of his
" that
safe, for
the
knew very
many days
know why
He did
man should
him
but,"
thus
added
THE MEN-TIGERS.
lie,
163
man
better the
him
to put
is
and the
his ghost, if
This
to rest."
mode
it is
a tiger,
who
making
has killed
offerings to
many
people
is
and
of destroying
is,
to begin
by
The
belief that
of a root
is
no
men
less
!*
matter, observed,
man
infest the
kind
different
nor
less
than
said
tigers
is
which now
Deoree were of a
men
"
but he
to
a thing which
difference
was no
" there
of.
much more
The only
visible
that the
metamorphosed
tiger has no
tail,
while
When
whom
whom
probra
Tacitus,
14.
M 2
in-
164
man
if
on the spot
and
eat
again
melancholy instance of
my own
father's family
when
ascertain
what a man
am
told, in
I was an infant.
a root
is
if in this state
man
he becomes a
he
of,
is
all
His
washermen, a great
felt in
to the jungle
it
washerman ate
tiger
but
his root,
wife
his
Rughoo took
good many of his
terrified
the woods,
to
hand.
last
You may be
"
quite
Poor
but he was at
ing villages;
and became
was so
She
sure,"
tail.
concluded Sureemunt,
of a tiger without a
tail,
that
it
is
How my
friend
of this story I
it,
and
so
do
had
know
all his
satisfied
not,
and out of
THE MEN-TIGERS.
165
man
he heard
if
it.
of Myhere,
my
had been
the Rajah
friend,
lately killed
by
tigers at
danger.
easy or
tigers,
if
but the
tigers
are of
all
"
it,
" Nothing,"
said he,
they learn
it,
or
men
not.
into
And how is
persons
science
are,
what
?"
" is
con-
we
unlettered
this to
how
men know
;
but
priest, of a large
temple,
He
to
throw over
form became
his
fully
neck the
developed.
had gone
off
his disciples
moment
He
all
the
tiger's
had, however,
his old disciples
used
shrines,
166
new
He
tiger.
disciples,
God we
upon
'
such
this
form.
my
The
and
faith in you,
nothing
in the
!'
requisite instructions,
his
is
'
to
change
disciple
limb,
till
whole
edifice,
when he
fell flat
upon
The
floor.
tiger
bounded
and infested
many
and
his face,
the
all
years after-
wards."
"
Do
priest
is
?"
may be all
men who have become imbued with a little too much of
when men once acquire this
the high priest's science
" No, I
do not
their
own
be to
to be ordinary tigers,
what
it,
though
it
them
" to
have the
spirits that
man
or
tells
him where
10
woman who
his head,
to
offer-
has
or runs
go to get prey,
THE MEN-TIGERS.
and to avoid danger.
give
167
who
them ten
or twenty rupees,
The Gonds
and there
will tell
them
and good
every year at
offices
least,
if
If this
is
done,
from killing
pigs,
men.
and
or that the
use,
all
that
into
you
instead of applying
it
168
CHAPTER
XXI.
A SUTTEE.
who escaped
from
the
flames
of the few
which consumed
capital
his
of
asked him to
ferred
Ram
he
me
me how
then only
nothing of
this
said,
"
tell
souls.
his side, as
old pundit,
he was himself,
it."
Murdan
whom
you saw
was
and
army of
five
thousand men, in
little
upon
all
balance of
He came
to attack our
169
BURNING OF DEOREE.
capital,
trade,
which was
emporium of considerable
an
in the
sum
to aid
him
While
in his enterprise.
fire
much
dried
six
his troops
months
up that the
There had
flames spread
rapidly
boy with
little
where she
relations.
The
The house
and
of the fortress
ried
safe,
He
at first
Goorjamur
but poor
she
died.
blow
to
who
Sing,
was mounted on a
off across
fell
him
unhurt, to Hureeram,
over,
and
in her struggle
down
Murwaree merchant.
him
died.
to
fell
him
soul,
it.
in
in
made
170
Only about
five
first
burn
herself.
widow of a
fore
know
shot by
and be-
body on the
funeral pile.
will
side of his
in less than
and she
four hours
replied,
all
:'
it
it
No doubt
how
his will
Had
it
Do
not
all
!"
"how
could
events depend
Koormin have
carried
when every
No
and
me upon
"
it
happen
otherwise
upon
foretold,
"
tell
the city
we
on
fortress
other
member
doubt," said
Ram
Chund,
this,
!"
God
and
it is
not for
us to ask why."
I have heard this event
described by
many
other
171
SUPERSTITION.
people
One day
mounting him,
back with
reared, fell
not
much
few days
his
hurt
and the
narrow escape.
Sureemunt
little
and offered
after,
head upon
his
called a
his congratulations
upon
was discussed
and he
" that
said,
mounted
places in his
to see so
part,
life,
many
he never
rise, lest
Many
many
man was
liable
house
till
an hour
!"
seemed
Some
days after,
His native
assistant,
and
all
no
evil
172
CHAPTER
XXII.
On
we
Our road
composed of the
detritus of the
its
quality
sienitic rock,
last
ground
Ave entered
upon a ground
we have
little for-
slightly elevated in
This and
all
the
upon the
like the
me
to be observable be-
whom we
were now
people of
the
travelling,
territories.
They
seemed
here
we
intelligence
want the
to
among our
The apparent
find
latter
quarters.
people
teresting
subjects
in the
stupidity
of the
me
and
urbanity
their tanks
agriculture,
voking
them,
to
173
to be
more
little
thought of
my
this.
it
arises
that he
may be thought
plundering."
" It strikes me,
my
fools that
God
it
we came
mind nor
" certain
in
it
manners
till
He
after
beggars
districts are."
Ludora
reality the
fore
in
the
dis-
ceremonies of the
Saligram
and the
Toolsee.
He
men on
camels with a
174
him
arrange a meeting in a
manner
in respect
and hospitality
that
in plain terms,
is,
would consent
use, that I
me
These
ceremony.
halfway, with
men
all
me
reached
till
he could
at
Bumhoree, a
;
and I
him by
relays
He
met
half
way
we reached
in
me
at
all
his
is
tents pitched,
fitted up, as it
A khureeta
always
flat
it,
for occasions of
The mouth
side of
thus Iffi
of elephants,
my
cortege
a magnificent
and
his palace,
field-pieces.
with
handsomely
as I
We halted
lation,
and
o'clock the
set out
"""
"J j
This
is
seal
is tied
seal,
with a
which
is
impressed on each
them
;
!
175
INSIGNIA OF HONOUR.
ceremony
like the
present.
back, as
it
sat
He came
down, he entered
my
and from
this vehicle
he
him
conducted him up
of distinction and
within
In
was brought to
to
my
At the head
of
this
two rows
jects
more
lane
we
usually introduced
especially
upon
sat
on
all
chairs
of the
the
;
but
of.
the
such occasions
sub-
had been
so piously
me
engaged
at
Ludora
he was carried to
from
litter is called
a Nalkee.
It
is
one of the
Mogul Emperors of
had been
originally
conferred.
whom
they
The order of
the
176
fish,
fled for
Maurice, whose
with an
Persia,
to
Narses,
who
He
ascertained from
moon was
balls
made
of
made
poles.
These two
minister,
whose
all
The
and
round, as at
in the
first
shape of a
but the
jar,
instead of quite
fish is still
made
of gold.
Two
fish
still
his
prime minister.
resided at Hierapolis,
visit
Emperor he
Constantinople.
The
though a Roman by
birth,
and a Christian by
religion.
The
The
magnificence
Furhad,
beautiful queen,
for his
as
many poems
who ascended
Leo
is
the poet,
of
Sheereen,
in the East,
is
the
as that
Noosamanee,
time of his
the
splendour and
in the west.
moon was
its
theme of almost
nians,
177
in the sign
and ordered
accession,
accompany the
fishes,
balls,
in all royal
processions.
therefore,
as generally supposed.
of Timour, in Hindoostan,
territorial sovereigns of
tion as to religion.
He
it
all
who
As
mined that
noon
still all
VOL.
We
made
I.
was deter-
set out
upon our
attended by
munt.
it
elephant,
self,
I should
another day,
all
had our
my troopers
silver-stick
men
with us
but
178
We
dismounted at the
ence, and
two chief
his
officers of
led us
actly as
in the
morning.
In front
were assembled a party of native comedians, who exhibited a few scenes of the insolence of office in the
manner
that pleased us
and the
visit
Conpassed
The
ladies looked at
We
who
lately died,
and
we did not
walls,
sit
and in consequence
stairs,
The Rajah
con-
attended
us,
After the
I prolonged
orders to have
it
till
all
dark.
and
179
and
as soon as
Our
we
from a hundred
we would
our way, we might
(July and
The Rajahs of
delcund, were
this,
all
are
all to
first
repose in future.
n 2
180
CHAPTER
XXIII.
MURDER OF
MANY
HIS
MINISTERS.
The
brother, Bikurmajeet,
who
man
whom
had
He
till
his
sembled him
temper and
The
He
died in 1834.
is
man of mild
though of weak
prime ministers
intellect.
will
show
The
man made
over
Purohut.
after,
Wishing
this son,
to get rid of
RAJAH OF
As a reward
him.
seals of office ;
OJEtCHA.
181
he received the
all
the pro-
pees
the family.
of office.
This
man was
a most atrocious
carrying trea-
rupees, from
Saugor to Jansee,
to
murder them
party,
their
but,
way back
to Saugor,
and sent
to put
made
gistrate.
his
his chief to
In 1833
sure,
and
villain,
after
them
them a party of
in the
bed of a
on their way,
soldiers,
with orders
rivulet, that
separated
One
down
rivulet, in a
his burden,
deep
dashed un-
whom
mile in advance.
he saw ascending a
hill
about half a
minister,
were
afraid
182
murder the
to
others,
In
tal
of
the crime
him
and
fill
assassinated.
years of age
his minister
was a strong,
athletic,
sitting
a wish to drink some of the water in which his household god had been washed, (the Chunda
where
it
idol,
it
The water
sword before
idol,
prostrated himself
is
for princes.
is
his
Mahadeo,
and
the palace.
the
it
rnirt,*)
him and
The popular
fit
alias
belief
is,
alias
The
Ganges
is
Vishnoo,
are
is
the Preserver.
made out
it
supposed to come
All the
little
first
were
it
not
Nerbudda
river,
it
183
In
that state he
He
and
service,
command
as
berlain,
his predecessors
Gumbeer
had done.
Sing's brother,
put to death.
and
hearing
of his murder,
prison,
sister,
all
fiscated.
lacks
executed merely as
bery
but
it
was with
punishment
it
was
for
the rob-
infinite difficulty
the mer-
Rajah alleged,
that, according to
our
rules,
the chief,
On
inspection,
it
make good
the property.
line,
and
" in spite
The
June 1834;
184
and though
his death
he no sooner breathed
his last
naee,
(seraglio.)
lent
and she
He
and
tions,
thers
alive.
did so
with above
and Beearee,
fifty
of his rela-
The widows of the four browere the only members of all the families left
One of them had a son four months old anwere murdered.
other children.
Immediately
They did
so
and the
spoilers
hundred and
fifty
high
wall,
all
as wives to four
low castes
men
pieces.
its
members
to
hundred rupees
as a present,
and a village
in
TOWN OF TEHREE.
for,
as they had,
up
to that time,
on
of castes,
whom
little
185
been preserved by
it
would
Purheear Rajpoots.
Tehree
is
and in ruins
as tombs, or cenotaphs, in
it
can be called.
The
same ruinous
state
and accommodations
stables
as
the
seem
to be all in
dwelling-houses.
mans and
religious
city, if city
mendicants of
all
the
The
feeding
Brah-
kinds
and in
all
which concentrate
for a
ceremonies
of the people of India, the devotee followers (Byragees) of the god Vishnoo, and tend to no purpose,
either useful or ornamental, to the state or to the
people.
is
India, spend
a-year, or
The
highest
money
to the shrub.
in the
186
officers,
is
make by
indirect
composed, re-
more than
suffi-
like gen-
hold of
are of the
same
it.
is,
woman
own
of his
clan,
his
own
for her.
Bondelas,
two clans
Rajpoots
clan,
They
are very
much
less are
against
Braver
men do
tribe.
poots of Bundelcund,
who
all
may be
central
said
India
generally,
perors of Delhi
the Emperors of
Malwa and
Mogul Em-
of the Rajpoots of
that
the
middle ages.
no government
at
all,
it
accordingly be-
FEUDAL TENURE.
around the heads of their
These held
their union.
it
clans,
it
and powerful
in
187
service, as militia
itself,
or
its
were continually
paramount power,
way
to
the empire,
offer his
and
and
as these
his
own
commonly involved
the utter destruction of the former occupants.
The
new possessors gave the name of their leader, their
worth
clan, or their
*
change
its
new
reserved
civil,
Other portions
its
own
188
possession,
and the
which they
spread.
Rewa, the
Chumbul
These
and throughout
river,
classes
parts of India.
all
sword
and a Rajpoot
chief,
of his
so
There
Gwalior
territories,
class,
who
in nothing
his patron-
is
Bundelcund, or
in the
it
as a
bring him
who
should
It
is
much
for the
most
classes,
who
other, or
Three-fourths of
been trained up
of the lads,
to have
when they
and many
steel
upon
their persons.
NATIVE RECRUITS.
braver set of
or one trained
men
is
up with
finer
many
189
salt
feelings
they
eat.
good
of devotion
many
generations ago in
190
CBAPTER XXIV.
CORN DEALERS
SCARCITIES
FAMINES IN INDIA.
new
quite
to me.
The
mode
field to
was
be watered.
pended
On
water
and
at
when
filled
with
men who
191
SCARCITIES.
pulled
often as
it
the gutter.
been made
The
the purpose.
for
at the outer
it
is
a better method.
On
we came on
the 10th
soil
badly cultivated
the
way
small
hills,
in
some places
ocean
and gently,
in others, the
much
of waves of
full
all
disorder."
ceremonies of
its
playing,
tremely
and
air,
ill
and
morning I spent
journey, was
of
abruptly, in
in others slightly
in the
my
boy
when we
all
left
During the
scarcity of 1833,
and were
all
192
Autumn
cultivated
crops
are
chiefly
for
They lingered on
till
in the
to
emigrate.
to every family
but
this served
Till the
people have
Such secu-
over
suffered
from
means
irrigation
crops,
the
brought
when
government
which allows no
like this,
enjoyment of property.
wall has been
a small lake
made
man
the free
to unite
two small
is
hills,
and form
is all
in tillage
vated
He
it.
that the
told
money
kee pysa
man who
"
me,
and
culti-
to
money
of
built
it
must have
laid
out his
193
SCARCITIES.
money with a
(neeat)
that,
and not a
worldly,
on such occasions,
religious
mind,
it
had
do
failed to
this
he had
built
was intended
tually
and
!"
is
now
Bundelcund
more
suffers
more severely
often and
the
ever suffers at
all
it
to the west
There
all.
province of
is
this effect
" If
!"
that
is,
attributed
Mahabhurat, to
is
father,
go to Malwa,
rains
never
fail;
we
and
fine trees
from
the
vol.
i.
gulf
is
of
Cambay
to the
valley of
the
194
Ganges
soil
detritus of the
hills.
as
on
all
similar occa-
flowed up in large streams from this favoured province towards Bundelcund; and the population of
Mai wa
Every
had
village
roads were
all
and military
stations,
communities.
The funds
scriptions lasted
civil
till
arising
in,
when
all
in
tillage
villages
among
around.
upon
large towns
no employment
is
youngest of those
easily find
to
and
who
employment
where
for the
are able to
in
fairly set in
be kept concen-
stations,
be found
little
oldest
or
and
of
autumn
crops,
rice,
and
195
SCARCITIES.
grain,
members
of the
village
and other
capitalists,
communities,
who
are
all
and
to
pay
liberally for
the
little
is
may be
bodied persons, as
a,
it
who would
otherwise be
who would be
among
the
glad to advance
commences.
always be something
The
less
For the
sick
and feeble
of their services
vators of the
among
surrounding country.
By
this
pre-
As soon as
the able-bodied men, women,
in,
all
its relief.
off with
each a good
them
the farmers.
till
afford,
Not a farthing
after that
day should
o 2
196
sick,
who may
At
large places,
concentrated,
tressing,
for in spite
dis-
government and
its
At Saugor,
might
at
least
live
infants,
them
hundreds were
and old
seen creeping
ruins, concealing
left
home
in
them
who
Respectable families,
left
all
exhausted, took
on
altogether,
rather
in
hope
till
wife,
and
chil-
Still
more of such
all
and died
known and
seen
All these
and
in the
European cannot
fail
to
resig-
197
FAMINES IN INDIA.
fate
acts
all
those revolting
he has read
in other countries
such
No
children.
famines
here
who
want of rain
cause, the
its real
own
in
due season
and
in-
superiors,
or
happen to
live
ties.
in society,
who
They gratefully
suffer-
The stream
violence.
always
in
is
of emigration, guided as
it
a greater
number
it
and I must
say, that
have never
animate
all classes
In such seasons of
distress
we
often, in India,
hear
the part of
civil
and military
to persuade themselves,
authorities,
who
contrive
198
opposed to them
and
sell
their granaries,
wisdom,
may deem
make them do
If
reasonable.
by persuasion,
this
fine,
they
cannot
or imprison-
their
own
own
arbitrary price.
be damaged by damp, they come to the sage conclusion, that the proprietors
all
the
sell it
pits,
to
destroy
it
same
fate
at Saugor,
Nerbudda
districts
As
city
dread of a famine.
They
199
FAMINES IN INDIA.
were a mile from the
city
for their
was
liable.
The people
in
cantonments
When
officer,
as
much
as
he
liked,
fears
of the
Malwa towards
who began
to their prayers,
200
to
the inefficiency
of the
commissariat,
and the
Only one
bazars
was
day's supply
the
left
cantonment
in the
to
to
troops had
a state of mutiny
and those who had grain to dispose of could no longer venture to expose
pressed on
tary
as
all sides
method of searching
the grain
pits,
and
it.
for,
town
declared,
no longer
safe
The
The
cotwall of the
now
never-failing
magistrate,
who had
already taken
every
keep
his grain
and expose
whenever he pleased
as the people
that his
much
that
it
respected as any
every
for sale
man might
wherever and
knew him
that,
sell
what
stores they
FAMINES IN INDIA.
to
201
distress or
make him
was prepared to
risk
situation
his
city or
violate the
and that he
and reputation
as
to give
to the people
assurances conveyed in
entire
The
it.
confidence in the
no
grain-dealers,
and sent
grain,
much
and every
he pleased.
as
The
means
in more.
plied
to bring
all
sup-
could buy as
troops got as
much
as
city.
colonel,
a fine old
manded a corps of horse under the former government, came to the magistrate in amazement every
shop had become full of grain as if by supernatural
" Kala admee ka akul kalian tuluk chule
agency.
;
How
dom
in such an
serve
him
There was
little
a firm reliance
ciple
little
emergency
wisdom
in all this
great
only to
prin-
occasions.
!"
202
the
of
civil
grain,
authorities
fears,
by
officers
oifering a
all
But
it
not
only to
means
all their
is
to
collecting of more.
the
to
a singular
it,
in
sell
to the
fact,
that
Had he done
extremely reprehensible.
at
hand
city
he might
so
w ould have
T
necessities in future.
By
meet
stores to
similar
all
many to
A great many
families,
their
means
and con-
by the high
profits
and assurance of
protection.
203
FAMINES IN INDIA.
who was
Hydrabad
territory,
even more
felt
to regulate the
price,
know
and
told
He
him
else,
by being
left
en-
whose
self-interest will
may
feel secure
what they
The commanding
collect.
in his
officer,
sales,
and
Saugor magistrate's
letter,
On
re-
evils
a different
course was
same
ability
and inclination
to
them manifested, and the same results folThe people and the troops were steadily
lowed.
enforce
supplied
and
all
of.
lamentable
for
in India,
is
quite
204
liable to
false
men.
soldier
of their fellow-
for
such ignorance, because a knowledge of these principles are not generally considered to
civil
form any
in-
but no ex-
functionary
who
is
principles of political
always
is
economy must
and indeed
be,
knowledge which
is
to
fit
him
for public
employment
in India.
In Eng-
rive their
de-
around them.
upon them
fail.
The
farmers,
who form
so large a
They have
and
it is
fail,
If they
is
fail in
one
who have
equiva-
205
FAILURE OF CROPS.
The
all
sea,
more than
is
unhappily everywhere
to be found
population
land,
in
The autumn
ripen in
have none of
cultivators
rents
but
all
and commonly
fail
at the
fall
The
all fail.
spring-crops are
sown
ber or January,
fail.
same time.
showers do not
tember,
the
value to
cultivation of
its
sistence.
same
If they
all,
fail
fall
in Octo-
and
during
if sea-
Decem-
one
district
or province, the
any
from
any other.
anywhere passable
season,
and nowhere
nowhere a navigable
all
seasons
and only
produce
navigable river.
Their land
bullocks, that
are
for wheeled-carriages at
at
canal,
Their roads
move
they have
in
is
one line a
conveyed
at the rate of
206
it
in the worst.
becomes
dearth,
tages,
What
a scarcity
Europe
in
under
in India,
aud what
merely as a
felt
is
all
these disadvan-
is
Europe would
class.
involve
of suffering
little
and
work of the
and
no need of
any
more than
to
distribu-
stands in
it
powers
the water,
they
fire, air,
This machinery
is
its
wanting no food
itself, it
means of
of their
men
of
own
fail.
When
employment
for a
tillage,
calamities
it
time in
in other
dustry he pleases.
207
men
season throw
a
it
in
any other
men
and because
are often
In
societies constituted
among them
is
more
essentially necessary
community than
is
the
that of India,
like
in
any other,
and
if
them
own
at their
happen to
rise
short-sighted
arbitrary prices,
become dear
we have
seen the
whenever prices
wisdom think
just,
civil
and
if
civil
station,
and
manner
down
as
will
of ways
their
in
no corn-dealer
any military or
at
sell
supporting
around them
and
If those
asked,
to
208
keep
stores of plate
readily answer,
no
and cloths
as surely follow
other,
whose
entire
freedom
is
much more
when grave
historians, like
vital
of so
That day
most useful
is,
or even utter
of English society
it
in
and
any well-informed
if
any
man were
to
fit
subject for a
madhouse.
European or
and
their friends,
may be
that
how-
christian countries,
to countries occupied
This
is
ous one
a sad delusion
when indulged by
209
CHAPTER XXV.
EPIDEMIC DISEASES
In the evening,
after
my
every
little
turban
fine rose-coloured
gracefully
my
cultivator,
His
SCAPE-GOAT.
hair of
hills,
his
eyebrows
jet-black
same place
reli-
which was
No man was
frown.
call "
Burkhaust
namely,
good manners. I
this
society,
or be
manners.
I asked
it
or
was that
I.
210
afflicted
there on a
no part
till
much
the people so
He
me.
visit to
in 1832, while
he was
his attendants
new
god,
Hur-
He
with good
effect,
effect
man
in
own
his
little
capital of Pithooreea,
had he said
years before,
six
tried the
greater
still
but,
This
made up
man
after a plan
nessed to
it,
wood some
let loose.
From
in the town.
The
"
had they
be offered up as a
sacrifice,
wood
to the shrine of
He
Hurdoul
and much of
its
success
man
211
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
who planned
of goats to the
wood
No one had
but
it
was
likely,
he thought, to be ex-
Sureemunt's
man
field against
when
the Pindarees,
into this
The
Europeans.
but in vain
priest
the
cow was
killed
and eaten.
The
it
have spread
in the
camp
and from
this cen-
travelled at the
over India*
The
story of the
spirit
cow
of Hurdoul
Temples were
The only
coin-
cidence was in the decay of the trees, and the encamping of the
troops in the groves
trees
the beef had been tied, was of course taken for granted
p 2
212
him
he had himself
vil-
He
with.
Up
freely
men
spoken
few
one of the
met
that I have
years,"
added
he,
and
is
offerings
all
but
now he
is
sup-
his
This of course
arises," I observed,
c;
from the
in-
the
country
vil-
upon the
some of them
spirit
of Hurdoul
and
remember a
"
Lake
to the
Hoolkar was
said
flying before
I
he.
Lord
when he tied
the grain-bag to his horse's mouth, said, Take this
in the name of Jeswunt Rao Hoolkar, for to him
The poor man
you and I owe all that we have
of one of his lordship's irregular corps,
'
!'
213
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
more generally
felt
himself relieved,
am now an
old man.
The speech
and others
and
it
tried
acted
certainly
From
that time,
till
left
me
spirit
he found great
relief
his horse
others
sufferers generally
found re-
till
troublesome to those
name
their
grain,
who had
horses that
whether in Hoolkar's
or not."
There
is
blades to
most fervently
214
when he
fled before
Company's
blished,
soldiers
would be
at
esta-
a dis-
"
pany's dominion,"
among
among
tive,
the
men
is
not only
those merchants
civil,
common maxim,
who
lived
by supporting na-
with
new
the
order
The
More than
four-fifths
commenced
some
had an appli-
city,
and children,
procession,
in this
Men, women
were to do their
with
all
their might,
215
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
was to be driven a
buffalo,
it
it
was
it
take
They were
was to be
If the
it.
must
said,
re-
it,
again.
to the officer
in cantonments,
make
them the
of the soldiery.
visit
It was, however,
While
effect.
The European
my
dwell-
physicians lost
religious procession
population of
point,
but the
whether a
silent or
216
acceptable to God.
me when
between the
parties.
numbers and
The
should be adopted.
was
in favour
recommended
that
all
due ceremony
in
it.
Strange as
it
moment
may
the disease
appear,
mind somewhat
ing of
might be
confidence
About one
useful.
o'clock I
moment
that their
my
my
and appre-
down by
police
the ad-
establishments,
all
pistols,
opened
at
in discord,
All
compound
The
disease,
217
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
went
cession before I
to bed,
now
silent pro-
returned with
my
flocked to
lation
house in terror
noisy faction,
who
dreadful scourge
I asked the
means
among them
of bringing back
leaders of the
all
efficacy of these
He
total
inefficiency
when medicine
prayers
failed,
mankind were
fered
for sins
and
said,
committed
in
first,
to
be
those suf-
some former
births
third,
"
it
must be
Now,"
clear to every
must
all
inflicted
by the physician
!"
Epidemics, he thought,
by the Deity
for
whether
silent
or noisy,
sin
;
and
little
same
spirit.
I believe
that
among
218
eyes
and
spirits,
posed to be supernatural,
and
it
is
The
as the gift
exorcises gratis.
call that
in con-
The
morning, and he
thanked him
sup-
surgeon happened to
civil
is
commonly exercised
evil
every physician
for
and
ings
it
my
lancet
old tent-pitcher,
this description
whose exorcisms no
his
moment
devil of
!"
in the family
Sewa
Ram
Ram
man, had
The
eldest gave
up
all
his
mind
entirely to
the mafamily,
religious duties.
219
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
fine family
This
Ram
idol,
Kishen
busily
employed
in anointing
and was
in his arms,
it,
it fell
to the
ground
To
was broken.
live after
Ram
He
over the
fall
beam
in the
in, laid
that sect
Ram
his brother
his
came
him under
restraint.
town, and
in the
it
might do
to Benares,
who
the god
own
let
it
it
he would
if
upon
all,
his
At
Chund, an interesting
of age, was extremely
little
ill
Khoshal
of the small-pox
and
it
is
220
shrine, while
member
of the family
they must
He
ashes.
at
all sit
afflicted
is
home
journey to Benares
his
till
so great
eat,
terror, lest
any
was
his
befall the
his crime,
or
means of doing
it;
God
himself!
He
took
to
vessel.
After shaking
Kishen
All
" Tt
is
the will of
God
who were
the family
!"
said
Ram
interested
in
lest
himself,
It
was
household god
he put
it
it
Chund, sent
offerings
for
at
his
vain
it
at
He w ould
7
all in
upon a
pole,
the other.
Davey, to ward
off the
child.
By
effects
of his
221
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
of the death of his
this
feel
nephew
blow
slight
in his
terror
be impending
felt to
Soon
road.
his
after
came
at
those who
punishment
Ram
for
Davey
as a
self,
arms.
fevers,
to
of Vishnoo.
It
is
pox
" for,"
who
and
to
to
is,
is
not only
in fact,
Davey
than
is,
in reality, neither
more nor
less
"
!
it
upon having
his
but he insisted
all
moment,
it is
said,
From
222
At
bulpore.
least
man
ing
down
many
so
by maltreating
to theirs
least
upon
calamities
own
his
their heads
first,
Gungadhur
government
had diminished
set
in.
He
in the
told
that a great
me
many
town
had now
that he thought
it
had
but
the disease.
u
the
I understand,
banker,
is
Row Sahib,
supposed to have
augmented the
so?"
" Certainly
face
!"
my
said
this
long-
man's
folly !"
Not a
my turn,
Such incredible
folly
To
and he continued.
he had burned
his boy.
!"
all
;;
223
EPIDEMIC DISEASES.
"
is
itself
?"
the goddess
Because we always
say,
'
;'
And
kind
or participate
god
any kind of
in
!
rejoicings,
their
journey,
lest
not
and
and
it,
nephew,
his
so
all
honour
complicated religious
Hindoos,
is
all
No
are
we
so
boy
his
to the priest,
code,
!"
like that
of the
what a complicated
is
to the lawyers.
civil
his priest
224
CHAPTER XXVI.
ARTIFICIAL LAKES IN BUNDELCUND
ROMAN
On
the 11th
HINDOO,
GREEK, AND
FAITH.
we came on twelve
miles to the
town
hills,
towering above
when suddenly
ready to burst,
the
way
is
thin.
The
and very
wave
sienitic
Bumhoree
is
bank of a
town,
from
it.
its
borders,
fields, this
and
fish.
found
wants of
all
the people
225
BOW OF PURSORAM.
of these towns and villages, and those of
the
all
it.
bank or
is
formed by an
arti-
which
rests
down
looking
its
and forming
a beautiful landscape.
From
this
It was,
learnt,
and
sight,
the resi-
Many
immense
hundred and
fifty
had
them
feasted
progress of the
thousand
all
and
four
for
ceremonies,
who
told
me
at
least
one
but that
they were
except
honour
to the occasion, as
special
in
me
told
Jug
invitation, to
the case of
my
Jankee Sewuk.
do
little
They
Dhunuk
which he exterminated
all
VOL.
I.
Q,
226
men
The
to
raise
on one end.*
it
man who
Hundreds of heroes
to the
hand of the
but
all
fair Seeta,
in vain,
till
came
bow
popular
all
poem
of the
at the
touch
heaven
and
Ramaen
taken up into
Ram
and the
Rawun
Hunnooman.
assured
me
Every word of
was written,
Deity himself, at
least
The
tradition
is,
it
if
by
this
his inspiration,
Vishnoo,
He
prince,
when Renuka,
He
was no
He
less a
her
His
to destroy
killed,
destroyed them
the wife of
these tyrants.
which was
son, Pursoram,
the people
poem
all
women with
child
f When
Ram
set
army
but
he
is
little
for Ceylon,
It is a
I
wretched
little
sup-
which
thing,
227
HINDOO CREDULITY.
Ninety-nine out of a hundred,
in the world,
" Is
how
be there written
Hindoo
it
man whether he
should
poem,
this
If you ask a
written in Sanscrit.
really believes
poem
word of
it
religion reposes
if
not true
and
The
?"
make
occasionally, while
we are accustomed
We
allow the
"
our
There
true.
is
among
us,
any extravagance in
people of education
fiction,
we
life.
With
bability,
fiction,
the greater
is
the charm
it
on the
festival
it
is
held in
228
Believing
inspirations,
to have
all to
and the
been very
men and
different
from the
men and
things
men
of their
They go on through
pleasingly bound.
fictions,
life
reading
which shock
it
when
and
am
in every other
some
afraid,
are concerned,
is
in England,
faith,
Europe where
so far as
it is
are, I
so
still.
religious questions
and Cicero
it
parts of
Socrates
questioned.
and Romans
the
in the
only difference
a greater
number
days of
is,
that
of the ques-
head of
religion.
There
is
229
THE LAKE.
was
solicited
suffer
by
himself while
to
all
make
he might
still
living
be made to
In
at
sacrifices to
all religions
The
superstitions
own
religion,
I think,
make
man
re-
must be above
pious
The
faith.
stop,
far greater
arts,
and
lite-
fiction would,
stitions
for
in boats that
lake,
had
ridge of quartz
side,
we
hills,
preferred
moving along
its
The prospect on
and on our
wheat
cultivation,
left
to enter-
summit
irrigated
is
beautifully studded
230
is
the idea of
made
tion,
my
its
appear to
it
and a
it
me
more
far
had not a
fine
it
said I,
and
fine city
"
but
us
" But,"
beautiful
who accompanied
little
since
The
fields of sugar-cane.
no man's
on two
sides,
third."
field
is
watered from
that lake!"
man
of the waters of
that
'
thirty
is
Chundelee prince by
palace,
now
!"
fifty
this,
whom
it
Kewal Brim,
in ruins, stood
larger lake,
called the
Nundunwara Lake,
hills
we were
scale the
ex-
run-
That
told,
the
His
was formed.
still
that drinks
effects of droughts.
The extensive
level plains
way have,
immense natural
cut their
for the
most
part,
of
lakes
and these
rivers sink so
231
GRACEFUL CUSTOM.
It
is
this
makes
The
seasons of drought.
known
river
ground
fit
for irrigation
is
rarely to be
There
Bondelas, which at
is
first
a bold
one
is
be
The employes
so.
attentive, frank,
no longer
budda
inferior
to those of our
territories.
villages
meet us
one
of the
woman
carries
while
all
lasts
He
One
some
know.
till
he disappears.
rupee, to pur-
232
member
parts of
all
all
the
men
it
all
over India,
;
and yet I
my
quietly put
it
all his
knowand
I lingered behind,
was.
it
spectful silence.
suite,
No
to the sex.
made
the females
all
silver
Governor-general.
and
fiscal,
branches
all its
receives a salary
rupees a year
He
part of government
collects
;
and,
civil,
of only
criminal,
two hundred
with
the assistance
and criminal.
ter are sent
Rajah and
among
of
all
his
is
reigns
about thirty
men
His ances-
and he
tells
them
for as
many
more, pro-
infidelity
or
incapacity.
This
young
man
LAW OF PRIMOGENITURE.
member
of the
through which
little
we
233
passed
and
it
among
rity
good
and
feelings
In India,
under native
rule, office
became
officers
because
hereditary,
their
incomes in
reli-
and
in
the
all
It
is
their
in this case
Among Mahomedans,
and personal,
real
dren
is
fathers
is
and
had served
alone
this
in force in India.
divided equally
and
among
office will
the chil-
not admit of
when
ditary, as it often
is,
this therefore
here-
The family
who were
so
up
to
But
it is
who
are
those
234
The
and
who came
rupees a month
his
generations.
of the
who seems
These
the same.
dare
handsome incomes by
make any
not
two
prime favourite,
display
lest
signs
of wealth
his successors
to
treat
all
the
can generally
rely.
attend
the
all
great occasions,
and
at
Almost
beyond
they
prince on
certain intervals
fidelity
their legitimate
deficiency by maintaining
make up
means, and
upon
all live
the
who extend
their
The
communities depends.
government
and the
instability of all
;
all
is
235
CHARACTERISTIC INCIDENT.
the
under-tenants.
their dogs;
officers,
as poachers
and
keep
!*
visit
Thomas was
sitting
me
to
Lieutenant
Tehree.
at
next to the
little
Sureemunt, and
Sureemunt held
little
gold-hilted sword.
The
it fast,
left
him
After the
its history.
much
very
tell
and
said
my
he
little
w ould
explain
all
to his satis-
faction
to
his
men have
said, "
You European
gentle-
tell
and
if
would be
ruin, as they are their only defence against the thieves of their
neighbours
236
you can
at all times,
and
it
at-
Any man
out-
side
serving distinctly
suspected
treachery,
when we should
child,
why
and
all
it
rescue,
the
to
all
!"
the lady,
much
delighted
for
he says
it
was
him
to
beautiful
and
his
As
really his
Sureemunt given
model
quite a
is
extremely
though
figure,
in-
small,
is
handsome.
He
and
his
greater master of
seen
though he
is
all
polish.
late famine,
road
ran along by
my
horse to show
my
me
the
attendants
down a
falling
well,"
He
in cold water.
exactly as
felt
meaning
"
said,
to a poor
but,
he were always
he were immersed
who could
clothed
if
if
237
man
man ;* and
He told
"
me,
the
That the
good fortune,
(Ikbal,)
but that
better."
least,
late Rajah,
entire
much
and the
like himself,
be well
afford to
his
all
God
only,
now
save
it
under
He seemed
pendence.
Even
Bundelcund, lose
its
inde-
and starving
a pride of coun-
now desolated by
a famine.
No
who
nation has
be
called,
This institution,
must be an eternal
stain
if so it
can
My
ministers,
whom
of England
Eighth
little
without reproach-
sacrificed.
whom Harry
the
238
who
could allow
them
men as
those
man
to
for her
fought
"
Eng;"
who
and Trafalgar.
to be pur-
man who w as
T
gentleman of the lords and commons a David sending his Uriah to battle
The
seamen
intellectual stock
for
is
acquired in scenes
which other
common, uninstructed
barristers,
acquire in
in our battles
we
clergy-
When
I have stood
in a storm,
and physicians.
many
to
upon
labour, than
men,
much
as
the wages of
men
is
in taking in
sail,
with the
sweep them
less abyss
all
from the
below
like these to
it
be seized like
common
"
Are men
felons
torn
and put
subjected
the honour,
lash,
239
RAJPOOT LANDHOLDERS.
fight like
which exists
arises
in
the
!"
little
states of
Bondelas
same
the
are of
land-holders
clan
as
the chief
The
Bundelcund,
states of
ceptions.
from
all classes,
and
all
The landed
countries.
aris-
are Rajpoots,
long ago
were not
He
is
as
boasts the
for
is
turbulent a
set,
among each
civil wars,
which render
ingly insecure.
life
chiefs or
them
in
robbers, and
as
mur-
poachers keep
respect-
240
manu-
facturer.
any very
civilized
unfitted
to
where
governments
serve
in
strict discipline
The
required.
lands they
sistence;
for sub-
and
his
family hold their lands rent free, or at a trifling quitrent on the tenure of military service, and their resi-
due forms
all
cultivators require.
rule
to
our government,
almost exclusively
domestic
chief,
all
transfer of the
because they
as well as military,
civil
now form
and know,
generation or two.
there
is
hardly a
man from
regiments
become minutely
subdivided,
among them
They
for
manual
the plough.
labour, even at
delcund Rajpoot
hand
will,
in
is
to
his
foot,
are
all
too proud
No Bun-
to one.
Among
Seiks and
Mahome-
is
no bond of union of
241
civil,
for the
The
kind.
this
are every-
most part of
under such
their
when
tive;
first,
because
it
own
is
chiefs,
even
feeble or defec-
too prevalent
governments
as well as
in landscapes;
and
if
in
the
or
Mahomedan,
Hindoo
lose
much
rule,)
of their influence
be
far
from
VOL.
I.
satisfied, as
they
now are,
242
had a government
so
good
as ours,
them independent, we
are,
no doubt, obliged
to
pay
whom
this
evil
all
descriptions
may be
greatly
of the
Hindoo
first,
two.
he must take
two take
The
Bundelas,
classes,
Bundela
military
his wife
his wife
nor can a
from
his
tribe.
The
family from which he has been taken feel itself exalted by the alliance
and Dhundels
feel
that
the
wife.
is
retainers of
the sovereign.
The people
243
NATIVE MILITIA.
the
soil
they occupy
for
where industry
is
confined
soil
and the
tained out of
officers of
rents,
its
About one-half
lands
of every
held on service-
state are
and there
who is not
The revenue
is
is
of the
rule,
two be induced
to
They
mere
militia,
brave as
tible of discipline.
men
They
have, therefore, a
natural
for they
would have
in the civil
or military
rate,
no chance of employment
would, they
fear,
new
rulers.
It
is
said, that in
commencement of the
the
reign
own name.
believe,
The Bundel-
r 2
244
as this,
to
fit
them
common
under
own
Many
us.
of
language, which
is
them
that
around them.
now
who have
still
be found,
it is
in the
but
humblest
its
former
is
them
classes of their
is still felt
by the present
old capital
of Mahoba.
now
one
used in
old
city
no
drum
Chundale
roused
to
who
chiefs,
vengeance
They
will
take subordinate
to
offices
to
it is
there
but nothing-
When
place
cannot
now be
discovered.
In the time of
Nerbudda
territories
245
ROYAL HEROINE.
Mahoba.
He
Gond
prince
He
did
Dhurghoutee departed to
reign over a country where her name is now more
and "nothing
so,
loth,"
She was
had.
it
has ever
killed
fifty
Her tomb
vasion.
fell,
in a
narrow
is
defile
still
and
Mahomedan
in-
to
between two
hills
and a pair
still
heard
spirits
The
who
travellers
fully place
prettiest
specimen
neighbourhood
number when
I visited her
tomb some
sixteen years
ago.
Bundelcund,
is
by caste a Gojur
One
of his
ancestors,
not
Bundelas about
246
upon a
fine
open
plain,
and
means
chiefs
are
and
drawn part of
their revenues
and
it
bours
upon
built a fort
travellers.
the
as
Peshwa.
In the
states
classes,
maintain
ready to fight
who
are always
In those
or
class,
nearly
and the
power
to
Peshwa
interpose
and
lived he interposed
While the
them.
save
but
dominions
all his
and Bundelcund
chiefs
them
impossible for
establishments
to
all
sliced
Peshwa was
all
in
their religions
maintain
them
efficient
chiefs
it
is
military
have always
when
the
powerful in Hindoostan.
The Chutturpore
had been
all
were
rajah
is
a Powar.
His father
duties as the
but
paramount
CHUTTURPORE RAJAH.
power
in
247
little principality
seized
upon by
his father
and on
The Bundela
whom
now
he wrested
enjoy.
Chut-
India,
two-thirds to his
in the
two
same manner
sons,
as princes of the
Roman
empire
his
subordinates
with his
248
CHAPTER XXVII.
BLIGHTS.
had
from
visit
my little friend
the Sureemunt,
He
been subject.
first at-
stood to follow
it
everywhere
ment of the
land,
that afterwards
fields,
maintains him
his
from
was
with a view
it
and inspection of
considered a kind of
was under-
whom he
who
holds
son
but
eye of
sends
if
desire,
down
or blight
to
destroy
or the Deity
all
that she
249
BLIGHTS.
yields
and
the frequently inspecting the crops by the chief himor by his immediate agents, were considered by
self,
we
distribute
did
than to increase
people
we
it
it
collectively
should not do
it
still,"
he
at
or
all,
delegate the duty to inferior agents, whose close inspection of the great parent could not be so displeas-
Ram Chund
Pundit
" that
said,
was no
there
the lands
fering so
much, to the
Sureemunt
right,
had been
districts
eating of beef-
was
now
become unanimous
season,
upon
all
suf-
this was,"
their sufferings
he
!"
and that
it
if
government
that so great
beef
suffer-
We
are
told
in
2 Samuel, chap,
xxiv.,
that
the
Deity
thousand, besides
women and
children.
250
and so
firm,
all
I reminded
him of the
still
greater calamities
said he,
" but
among them
there
are
it
eat-
budda
is
The
the worst
blight of
veral seasons,
!"
for se-
Malwa
generally
recollected
two returns of
of from twenty to
that they
stated,
this calamity,
twenty-four years.
at intervals
The
pores
air,
wind than
prevails at the
seem
in
to be
any other
more open in an
and when this wind
air is filled
tions
with the
whose depreda-
call
the rust,
251
BLIGHTS.
deprived of
ear,
its
its
is
in the
ascent
is
much
not seem
to injure
(linseed,)
which
it
and
does
the corn-fields.
of an orange-colour for
these seeds which
it
many
has contained
charged with
and
The
stalks
colour,
nothing
first
of an orange-
heres to
them
All
exposed seems as
if it
is
upon
uninjured
its
number of
sap
fungi that
off
from
Every
pore,
it is said,
may
252
may
disease,
district
wheat
disseminate
warm month
for in the
it
when the
of March,
is
when they
find plants
them.
me
appeared to
It
which
was intersected by
slips
and
fields of ulsee,
which
which are exposed to the road, to preAll this ulsee had become of a beau-
vent trespass.
tiful light
cultivators,
field
destroyed the
medy.
knew
me
imploring
in despair,
of none
to tell
and the
my
tent
them of some
is
re-
not a
it all
They
the
did
like
for,
roots,
field
my
of wheat
drowning
men
suggestion seemed to
w as
of Jubbulpore;
fling
intentionally left in
catching at a
hope that
and
so,
district,
up by the
offer.
gleam of
Not a
satisfied
that
my
wheat was, I
253
BLIGHTS.
believe, affected
ulsee
left
by accident.
Besides, in
mained
when
I found
wheat escaped.
and that
prevailed,
it
many
The common
belief
among the
hours together.
of
them pretended
operandi
indeed
to
know anything
of
modus
its
and
full
off only
by prayers
sacrifices.
It
is
upon which
it
always
first
made
its
in this plant
still
less
appearance,
The
grain
indeed the
grain
The
while the
same manner
None
situated in the
were destroyed.
of the
wheat that
254
its
and during
felt in
the
was
where
its
in
The
last
district,
my
and
wheat hanging up in
the
till
beginning of 1835.
When
the opinion
in 1831,
among the
under which they had been suffering were attributable to the increase of adultery, arising, as they thought,
little
importance
been considered,
whereas
it
it
as a
had always
The husband
case of
life
and
waited
till
death.
or his friends
both to death
them
upon the
homedan
Ma-
medans.
for
it
Maho-
occasion of
255
BLIGHTS.
man.
special direction
less
than
received the
four,
had the
criminals,
fact
inflicted
number
that
is,
This
became
the
Aesha's father
iv.)
Omur had
to
Soon
in judgment
sit
upon Mogheera,
accidentally seen in an
awkward
posi-
in an adjoining apartment.
The door
or
sat
window
by the wind,
at the
to remain closed.
directly to the point.
it
men
most
swore
favourite,
sworn to the
fact,
who had
fact.
Omur,
not
" that
make
see before
me
256
of justice
but
still
hesitating to
and no Ma-
No man
have to drag
than three
his wife
and
as
paramour through no
or
to seek
it,
streets a
rather die
nature
while
will
his victim
all
that
Where
hus-
suffers
capable of enduring.
is
She
degraded outcast.
with impunity
human
less
commonly
he would
insufficient grounds.
No
minal for
trial
on
this charge,
if
he commits a
cri-
Regula-
any person convicted of enticing away a wife or unmarried daughter for another's use
nant functionary
may sometimes
and an indig-
feel
disposed
to
257
BLIGHTS.
stretch a point,
man may
not altoge-
ther escape.
is
it.
But
we
they want
all
is
a fair
the poorest
tion
man would
make
of punishment as shall
of,
it
serious one,
them from
Sometimes
it.
of a second marriage.
they did
They do
and
it is
rich
this
will,
sation,
The
man
convicted of
husband,
or
father,
throughout India.
application
vol.
i.
258
The woman
pay.
graded condition.
is
sufficiently
The teitwa
Mahomedan law
of a
officer
causes.
of the land,
where
India,
their fires
Deity
were put in
to exorcise
requisition,
ment
were
their instruments
removed.
In many
left,
to
their
work over
disposition
that
again.
The
priests
encouraged the
men who
required to do their
believe,
work by the
aid
able to comprehend,
supernatural beings
259
BLIGHTS.
At last,
who lived
in
sat
Deity
till
all
all
and
had been
strictly prohibited,
spite of invasion
from
good deal of
vernment.
to
authorities,
throughout the
district, to
Nerbudda
He
got a good
many
night.
district,
petition
all
stating in the
civil authorities
re-
Others
of the district,
"
how
260
how
protection to
life
ployment of
all
their advantages,
under
it
and
that
government could do to
em-
in the assessments,
were
free
had
all
relieve a suf-
proved unavailing
ment
incensed
at last,
that
we would
plenty and
they
they had
discovered the
and restore
all its
said,
now
had,
the hand of an
by prohi-
unquestionably originated
in
the
first
of the Nerbudda,
rule,
flesh
men had
all
the
satisfied that
we
261
BLIGHTS.
The day
is
past.
undiminished appetite
the
above
They
many
satisfied
still
some
them
The
fact
is,
that under us
civil
who
Those
former governments.
civil
such
seed
judicial officer,
He
already mentioned.
whom
I have
some countries
come
There
are,"
he
said,
in
till
some future
immediately
birth
and such
is
nefit
man
no
is
Nerbudda from
or drink from
it
a distant
hill
but the
sight of the
it
In
262
for ages
many
in-
would
in-
all
mity
or
hail,
some other
cala-
As
pestilences.
all
himself,
for
he
these afflictions
eating of beef,
it
The great
festival of the
now
pay."
of March.
On
Hooghly
is
burned
it
discover
Any
and
monster
gave
(for
to
moment
to the flames.
is
the
What
but such
is
I suppose
263
BLIGHTS.
up
to
of the
fungi.
In the
latter
at Saugor,
up and conveyed
keep
tually
reach, taken
would
effec-
on the way.
to be
made
On
reaching the
field,
bottom of the
at the
might
ing,
it
fall
pitcher,
so as to
field,
monster or demon
through
it,
blight
might
make
escape
his
The waters
of the
The
chance of
relief.
of this
The
was im-
264
The
blight began to
is
late in February,
that
when
nearly ripe
it is
and during
Some
of these people
miles to fetch
it
and
river
all
seemed
Each person
two
till
priest, of his
own
of
he
it.
These
priests
were strangers
and the
offerings
this
reach
number
of persons
who
miles,
;
were
literally
its virtues.
It
was remarked by
many
still
conthe
Others de-
265
BLIGHTS.
clared that they saw a
spot,
than
it
was observed
flights
had
it
in days of yore
been
it
it
the
fields
it
all
round the
almost as bad
left,
was
elsewhere, the
it
little
injured,
when
have seen
friend, the
this vision;
and
in
speaking to
him
that
who was
said to
my
in the shastres,
we had
old
on
a short saying
"
266
that
explain
all
this
" a
drowning
man
catches at a straw."
" Yes," said he,
though
it
'
we
Sheep
should be into a
267
CHAPTER
XXVIII.
SOIL.
On
the 13th
we came on
to
Burwa
Saugor, over
syenite, generally
the
exposed
basalt.
One
of these
From
this
and
feldspar,
and mortar, the mortar being cut out of the hornblende rock, and the pestle out of wood, thus
268
last
used
still
common
at his
and
The driver
beam to which
over India.
all
in cold
mornings
it is
sits
the
very
am
it.
Vindhya
chain,
is fast
man's
away
to drain
field,
its
substance by degrees,
who may
delta.
in
by some new
may
in a
few
call
years,
antennce, if I
formed, the
clivities are
soils.
its
the more of
the
Bay
Cambay
surface
its
is
De-
soil
the more
so
and
substance
is
Nerbudda,
we
often
see
In the
these
districts
black
of the
hornblende
269
a happy peasantry,
now
last
worked.
and mortar
mills,
juice
in these pestle
mechanical
arts
coloured cane
The
is
all
over
India;
and
the
straw-
ferior juice
sally,
The
straw-
little
manure and
The
ner,
less
weeding,
Otaheitie cane,
me
many
in 1827, has
other territo-
probable.
tillage, is
too
270
CHAPTER XXIX.
INTERVIEW WITH THE CHIEFS OF JANSEE
DISPUTED
SUCCESSION.
On
see.
the 14th
About
we came on
five
miles
from our
last
ground we
At
this river
we mounted
our elephant to
but our
little
me
cross,
My
we had
as
wife recrossed,
on the elephant,
leaving a young
He
man
was a young
munication ;
My
child.
He
liver,
had been
and had
27 L
upon
tising
his
life,
That
life.
I had no doubt
veral years
up
for she
to 1831, during
power into
his
it
society as
much
as
He
under
she pleased,
affairs
of
fears to
me; and
that his
his death
by poison.
death he wrote to
me
his
and had he
not, contrary to
killed.
This was,
who wanted
man
to
for the
About
pital,
four
this
months
life
young
before
reached
the
ca-
sister,
272
Row. The mother claimed the inheritance for her grandson by this daughter, a very handsome young lad, then
at Jansee,
and
all
mourning
for a father
who was
yet alive,
law and
supreme government
the
channel,
when
prince.
I arrived
through
The
ques-
for decision to
the prescribed
day expected.
on a high
hill
me
another on the
Some
of
the
of the finest
and
or
some
The
of
paymaster,
part of the
Rajah's
male
their
relations
elephants I
friends
(always
an
with
were
upon two
important
buckshee,
personage,)
ROGONATH ROW.
upon two
273
others.
left
and
us,
all
between
line
in
the others
fell
our rear.
fine
tion,
some four or
many men on
sides of us
camels,
dressed,
were
five
troopers
fifty
all
and
well
The elephants
which we managed
general almost
to
the
all
well,
was
every
man
keep up tolerably
way
to our tents
Company
my best to answer
had
to the honourable
or divert.
for I
compliment
in
my own mind
received,
the town to
my
side
tent,
on my knee,
The
till all
sat
had made
on mine, with
their
bow and
my
boy
departed.
ficently caparisoned
were extremely
rich.
I.
274
their
black gauze
My
had
scarfs.
lately died
own
the Sureemunt's
friend,
little
another with
elephant,
all its
on horseback.
far
least
been considered
these Rajahs, I
at
knew
he would
tail.
Having
feel
all
little
dust
to take
sideration,
It
w as
r
we approached
side.
move
as well
safety of the
we reached our
tents,
as
we were
for our
own convenience
as for the
wife,
and
my
hour before
us.
us.
city,
My
play
the
late before
obliged to
city,
my
a seat by
as
me
a visit
little dis-
sensible, mild,
and
of the
country generally.
Any
unre-
crowd was of
THE MINISTER.
275
the
it
my
was
tomb
if
he could make
He
met a
little
the proposal
convenient to
seemed much
tomb
encloses the
it
or cenotaph
railing that
the
affairs
He told me,
of
handsome
he never
after heard
him speak
and made her grandson go through the funeral ceremonies, as for the death of his father, which for
nine
it
came
to
the tenth
and
last
but when
which,
had
it
passed quietly, would have been considered as completing the title of adoption
his friends
interposed,
Rogonath
Row
and
many
for
this
t 2
276
mother
them
and found
who now
his sister,
in the castle, a
resided with
make
her
from
life
all
very
name
of
brother of
had no
sons, and,
frame,
must soon
him.
die,
his
and
till
The minister
the sovereign.
told
to his feel-
and
his
widow
this was,
in his
face,
becoming every
this as a
knew him
to
I urged him,
ground of exclusion,
FAMILY SCANDAL.
and more especially I thought
and unwise to
as I
distress
it
277
this
ground could be
on
his side.
to
my
Row
party.
tents, to pre-
and
o'clock with a
his
much
He
kept
me
spite of
in close conversation
my
wife's
many
till
and
his friends
eleven o'clock, in
He
told
state in
much
trouble
till
Gungad-
that
it
difficulty
he had been
able to keep this atrocious character under surveillance pending the consideration of their claims by
all
the other
members
funeral ceremonies
with
the
other
him and
his
278
knew
to be
yet
alive,
whom
they
their return to
wish
if
my
mother of the
first visit
late prince, as
my
to the
now be looked up
The praschut
is
who must
birth,
It is often
as indicated
imposed
by
for crimes
afflictions suffered
He
committed in a former
visit
would
in this
it
widow and
for
be
As
excommunicated.
as
her
spirits
after
my
and she never ceased to regret, that she had not burned herself
with his remains.
The people
poison
and
am
The
minister,
who was
entirely
on her
side,
279
RIGHTS OF MOTHERS.
paid the
came
first visit
be able to show
if
so great
his door,
would come to
my
Much was
the castle.
arguments were in
castle
tents,
and escort
his favour
that if I
first,
woman and
it
went
when he came
by going to
his
house
to the
feelings
sides of
last I
first.
he
himself to
on both
to be said
but at
me
this
into
and that
much
as his
In the evening I
death
"
sity of
The
all
countries
mother,
lution
if alive."
first visit
is
of condo-
trusted,
my resobe found
all parties
I told him,
proud a
spirit
to dread resentment
pay her the compliment of the first visit, and let her
enemies do their worst !" I told him that I could
280
could not go
to the castle
first
and he
said, that
my
visit
The
my
pay
and I
two
With
the
him, to
left
man was an
under-
visits.
and enter-
given
manner.
pawn were
Pray do
me
of,
re-
such
as,
me
till
as I
am
able
is
hour, I
moment
safe
mounted my
from thieves."
After sitting an
up
to
private
gentleman
all
Row
till
the principal
was to be considered
the
decision of the
woman
lad,
Krishnu Row,
my
side.
my
By him
men
whom
whom
and
the
had often
sent
my
message of
CASTLE OF JANSEE.
281
effects of
city,
this
all
over India
was
whoever he might
his
would be
be,
sensible, that
commands an
The
of syenitic rock.
is
castle stands
The
hill
plain
The
city
rise
hill.
Around the
hill
city there
is
five
wheat crops
rich
all
in them,
Oranges are
and
all
irri-
us.
The
city of
of Jansee
Jansee con-
282
brated for
its
manufacture of carpets.
and
cele-
is
by Goosa-
ens,
do not build
chiefs
Sewa
The
dedi-
is
all
danger of
The
the tanks
tivation
is
The
sterility
of
soil
culthin,
from the
chiefly formed.
Rogonath
Row
it
likely to order.
I told
made
all his
the Goosaens
of Jansee do not burn but bury their dead, and over the grave,
those
cate
who can
it
to Sewa.
dedi-
283
LEPROSY.
own resentment
either his
or that of others
that
and honourable
able,
men
in
man
could get no
them
men
which such
work
for
Bundelcund in
it
was
while
other
chiefs
who had
ministers
confiscated
pretence of embezzlement
try to enjoy
Such
it.
capitals
possessors being
it
all
who adorned
other countries
its
on the
fidelity,
of
the property
those
men
of wealth and
utility.
promised to do
Poor
man
existence,
all
to him.
recommended
that I had
his
system already.*
afflicted
with
it
is
His
;
and
by drown-
priests,
T
This
Ganges,
that
May, 1838.
284
should remove
went
traces of
all
He
ease
*
been the
showed
Rogonath
from
first
of his family in
Row
was the
first
the dis-
whom
said
is
itself.*
he
his family,
to Benares,
to have
it
territory,
He went
chiefs.
which he
to
Benares
brother,
Sewram Bhow,
died in 1815, and his eldest son, Krishnu Row, had died four
him
years before
two daughters.
sacrifice to
and
family
There
is
make
Peshwa
where
or where they
more
in the world
no country
reli-
in
We
Bundelcund
succeeded in 1817 to
all
the rights of
285
CHAPTER XXX.
HAUNTED VILLAGES.
On
the 16th,
we came on
the frontier village of the Jansee territory, bordering upon Duteea, where I had to receive the fare-
many members
well visits of
who came on
that,
whatever
may be
among
the
man
can
its
and enjoy
it.
Rajah of Duteea,
me
little
at
;
whose
and
capital
finally, to
we were
to en-
take leave of
who here
my
left
really believe.
286
We
common
talked of the
belief
among
of ancient proprietors,
"
sary to propitiate.
the agri-
by the
spirits
members
found
nities,
good humour
it
little
commu-
and their
of their
cattle
kind or another.
snakes, sometimes
became possessed by
at others,
devils
and
Any
who
down in an
epileptic fit, is supposed to be thrown down by a
They feel little of
ghost, or possessed by a devil.
mercifully."
person
"
As
one of these
for himself,
villages
upon
old patel,
a sound drubbing
is
it.
his estate
(village
point of giving
well
fits is
falls
haunted by the
proprietor,)
him a
neat
little
of an
he always made a
shrine
to
spirit
and having
keep him
in
it
good
humour this he thought was a duty that every landRamchund, the pundit,
lord owed to his tenants !"
said, "That villages which had been held by old
Gond (mountaineer) proprietors were more liable
:
village
that
it
;;
HAUNTED VILLAGES.
but often exceedingly
the
belonged
ghost
287
difficult to discover
once
This
to
whom
discovered,
his
wrong
is
him
to rest
it
prietor
"
he
is
often
he
for
to encroach
and they
will
upon
is
much
(judicial tribunals)
boundary disputes.
all
It will not
!"
me
and
impunity
cost
in illustration;
who had
settlement, insisted
spirit
new
good graces on
all
occasions.
made out
in
due
288
"
in
In yours to be sure
lease for
twenty years
he and
diately, or
The
?"
him
his
have
to
altered
it
family would
all
imme-
be destroyed
He is,"
"
spirit
and
will not
my
many
man,
generations
It has
me
been held by
his
name
good old
rule,
really
man and
infringed,
made
!
we should all
his family
proprietor
this
perish under
his anger."
had
were
in-
now
pered, to be
papers
being
a proprietor or joint
as
man
this
and
moment,
considered, for a
and
interests
all affairs
name.
its
from their
fears,
he had the
The modes
who
are sup-
While
was
289
HAUNTED VILLAGES.
distant
my
from
court,
in the
cultivation
anything
to cultivate
his
his
them
ghostship's
after
any
for hardly
man would
venture
lest
The poor
displeasure.
secret,
cultivator,
ventured to drive
own
in Bedoo.
situated
little
his
In terror he went
sin,
off to
was
built
the boundary
The
all
and is, I
mark
The
still
to be seen as
The
proved
fatal
the village.
on many occasions,
At one
it.
all
attributed
i.
290
on any terms
and
it
With a view
district.
was the
to
whole
finest in the
and
a year;
from
his
own
ploughs,
residence,
superintend
to
the
middle of the
village,
tree,
down upon
him under a
self
the
reaching
he alighted from
commencement
On
an undertaking.
of so perilous
little hill,
in the
large
fields.
As he
men,
"
desert
beautiful
village
with
snake
blasphemy
for his
dant,
mounted
He
his horse,
gave
home.
village
again,
me
its
and seemed as
under
upon an enormous
black
noble
so
he got
visit this
as a native collector
was the
spirit
of
291
HAUNTED VILLAGES.
My
predecessor in the
civil
charge of that
district,
service,
civil
It
revenue
officers,
all
and
the
all
it
to be so.
his
revenue sur-
upon to do
called
particularly
self
so.
A new
and trembling
fear
the
first field
but in measuring
accident, broke
taken
ill,
his officers
all
more beloved by
declared
all
moment
to me,
over the
the
went
him
to
spirit
to the village
have
of the
some
ever
resentment of the
When
years afterwards,
No man was
old proprietor.
fever.
all classes
than he was
person
trict
it
attended him to
fly
men attempted
to straighten
it
first field.
292
me
man
dedicating
it
He
up something
sticks
feels
it
which
spirits
to his guardianship.
on some-
name of
the said
spirit,
who
its safe
keeping.
proprietor,
from the
field,
killed outright
protection
"for our
made extremely
or
required,"
is
and
fields
said
No
other
gentleman,
old
direction,
that
in
sure to be
"
ill.
the
fruit trees
is
I once
manner implore
the matter.
feet,
his protection.
took,'
He
the man,
said
'
a jack from
my
stomach ever
upon me,
and
proprietor took
name of
up a
bit of
the spirit,
it
and he went
this,
off,
is
The
cow-dung, moistened
it,
the tree
spirit of
The
since.
his head.
it
He
into the
had no
all left
him,
to give similar
spirits/'
HAUNTED VILLAGES.
"
Men,"
said
my
same regulated
exclusively
293
towards
whether a man's
after his death all
spirit is to
and
depends on that."
294
CHAPTER XXXI.
INTERVIEW WITH THE RAJAH OF DUTEEA FISCAL ERRORS
OF STATESMEN THIEVES AND ROBBERS BY PROFESSION.
On
the 17th,
we came
soil,
thinly
and only
partially covering
and
feldspar,
The
old
upon
others,
to
meet
My
and dust of
boy, Henry,
splendidly
all
early, to
at the
caparisoned,
wife, as
this istakbal, or
went on
us,
their
usual,
had gone
meeting
same time
and
my
little
in the palan-
much
ex-
armour
in steel chain
Jansee
and
295
were just
as
attendants was
still
and
handsome,
though, being
picturesque;
They were
greater.
individually
dresses,
we
that
we
soldiers
all
in
me
"with
to
having our
matters.
our elephants,
much importance
while he seemed
corps,
not quite
I remarked to the
attached
in fancy
collectively
soldiers,
all
Rajah, as
every
man
little
about these
man, with a
They
clean."
smile,
they
fine,
is
neat
certainly
own
taste
dress
in
elephants
is
conversed as freely as
converse.
careless
He
is
men
in
apparently about
;
his
and a
he had
been
side,
legs.
that
suffering
Our three
was obliged
might hunt
his
his preserve
visit
(rumna) in the
in the evening.
In
men mounted
296
on excellent
who
horses,
and played
carried guitars,
The great
we have
budda
districts,
upon them
yet
and
come,
is
those
of
rapidly increasing as
districts, situated as
bad
as
over,
it is
for
in the parts
of Bundelcund that I
came
The high
and indus-
arts
land produce,
for
arising
of what
is
These
expend the
chiefs
or
other
and
as
districts, or
territories.
districts
those
from distant
the
it,
is
is
them
brought
no road
over 'which
297
FISCAL ERRORS.
mode
as this
of transit
when
of the produce,
which these
it
is
and
price equal
and bringing
districts, to
this
which
and as there
remote
while
from
comparatively nothing to
costs
the
districts
it
capitals, fetch
former
lands to
lands, in consequence,
it
Such
markets.
the
yield a
bring
rate of rent
much
duce
all
is
drawn
for these
districts
whence pro-
markets or capitals
and
as
draw
all
Were we to
now enjoy, in
concentrated
establishments
at
once disbanded
and
all
distant
seats,
all
of course be at
the effectual
demand which
which enables
it
duce which
it
to
pay
298
they afford
distant
raw
the
for
districts,
would
produce of
agricultural
The
cease.
price of this
and with
it
Hence the
capitals.
folly of
all
bad
political economists,
always be
made
amount of
same
.their
situation with
whatever
and what-
all
settlements of the
India during
made upon
1817, were
The
it.
the
which ended,
in
same
rate of rent
civil
and
that,
all
tillage,
before tillage
military, to one-tenth
things,
crease
all
in-
territories, did
not
299
FISCAL ERRORS.
produce
of an effectual
all
tillage,
riorate in fertility,
demand
fallows,
under
The settlements
of
the
revenue
land
upon these
During a
fallacious assumptions,
of course failed.
quinquennial
settlements, the
of
series
what
to about two-thirds of
began
and to
Malcolm, and
less
it
all
authorities,
and
be.
new
order
it
would
native princes of
public establish-
of things seemed to
been everywhere
lands,
have
same proportion
districts
and
yet,
from
300
To enable them
have larger
to
These
establishments
vernment, or
consumed by people
be
would
districts
employed
in
investing
demand
more valuable
bulk.
itself
to introduce
exceedingly
soil
its
source to
its
fertile,
has in
foster,
addition to a
in
whole
its
and
from
line,
beds no
less rich of
and
These advantages
be so by-and-bye.
About
me
about an hour.
of the day
My
and he
sat
at both ends
My
little
by
boy
301
GIGANTIC PALACE.
in steadily
upon
my tent,
as
him
I received
his acceptance.
at the door of
my arm to his
slight assistance,
tenant
Thomas and
his castle
chair,
his leg.
announced
his de-
it.
I ascended to the
summit of a
palace of
gate of the
the city a
city,
still
whence we could
the west of
see, to
larger and
why
was unoccupied.
No
it
the
a building, feel as
palaces were
were quite
made
if
Such
different beings
who
days."
From
garden which
is
we went
The
city,
and
is
It
is
close to
very extensive
orange-trees are
new
in
to the
all grafted,
as fine fruit as
any
302
spectfully,
shoes
if
we wished
whom
Rajah, by
built,
Ram
Chund, had
hand or
it
This
trident.
owed
stance of
pillars.
pillar,
builder, if
most desired
who do
it,
circum-
offering to the
he obtained what
manes of the
is
and I found
On
is
lately
The roof
the centre
our
was
it
off
all
his soul
the people
what they
pray for
I
made some
inquiries about
son of Birsingdes,
who
Dhumoree,
as
much worshipped
There
much
is
at
frequented
as the
to him,
and
me
a flower in his name, and chanted something indicating that Hurdoul Lala was
" that
TOWN OF DUTEEA.
when
first
in the
303
camp
of Lord
on the bank of the Sinde, at Chandpore Sopeople recovered from the disease im-
nari, several
and that he
really
thought the
spirit
name
of his great-
The town
tween
and
forty
are narrow
allows every
There
in
thousand
man
Many
chiefs
own inclinations.
many excellent houses
this
is
alto-
and have
all
their esta-
anywhere
and
Rajah
believe, prevail
streets
to consult his
cund
The
souls.
as in dress, the
for in buildings,
however, a great
are,
Duteea
fifty
else
among
makes the
these Bundel-
capital
much larger*
Some
very pretty.
distant
capital,
may
not pos-
sibly
teea
late
is
304
upon
his master's
robbers,
who
and
with him.
The
chief himself
his nobles,
is
be offered to
suffer violence to
him a
little
As
in
Tehree,
tions
ward
to
But
colonies
of
own
are
territories
districts of Mozuffeernugur,
Dooab,
in the upper
local
authorities,
They extend
tricts,
all
of
families
them
there
in the
Saharunpore, andMeerut,
well enough
known
to the
their depredations
into
remote
dis-
and police
officers
make
Many
landholders
large fortunes
live.
from the
and
if
come and
" enter
in prosecuting
305
them.
troubles,"
who have
the sagacity to
the penal
laws, the
odium
monses
They
courts.
them
good
and no
less
in our
will of the
fair
share
secure of
to
be taken in the
force
vol.
i.
30G
CHAPTER XXXII.
SPORTING AT DUTEEA
CHIEFS
INDIA
The morning
out
for
we were
that
we might
We
shoot just as
many
as
numerous
we
one
told
pleased.
near the
and
a hog.
we had
loaded
game.
We left
all
but
the
Rumna, which
is
a quadrangle of
side,
and
this is
There
is
kept open
307
SPORTING.
let
the
are left to repose in the shade, except on such occasions as the present,
when
On
a morning's sport.
his guests
deer, but
own way,
killing
natives, so that
or having
anything,
The
buck antelope
we
left
after breakfast.
us a fine
him
him by the
is
side
in pursuit
of.
He
the
field,
he comes within
lock stands
upon
his
still
back and
go with a
fine
They seldom
upon the
rests his
gun
Others
miss.
fresh bushes,
behind which a
trained to browze
woven
At the
shot.
till
man
which are
kind of hand-hurdle,
sits
still
with his
The
x2
308
are shot
hurdle was
with branches
filled
tree, of
from the
fche
The
dhow
a secure distance.
is
we went
as
We had
two
also
pairs of falcons
but a knowledge
and taught,
is
The
officer
who conducted
brute
afford.
us was evidentlv
much
knew
his
by
my
side,
On
if
in palaces
and temples,"
you,
mouldering in
"
ruins,
in battle
paramount rule
I got
he had.
said he,
since
recollections, as I thought
sir,
made him
me about Duteea,
show me any sport.
him,
should have
and talk to
we
in Hindoostan,
built
by princes
and whose
place.
spirits
Several
when
hostile forces
FEUDAL FIDELITY.
309
Whenever our
soldiers endeavoured to approach near them they disappeared and everybody knew that they were spirits
of men like Birsing Deo and Hurdoul Lala that had
come to our aid, and we never lost confidence !"
enemy attempted an
the
assault.
It
is
chiefs,
men
to their
We
neither have,
who
soldiers
as
men
we have
under
fidelity.
fight
will
The one
their grandsons.
feels as
much
will serve
pride and
and both hope that the link which binds them may
never be severed.
Our
accident
some
trivial fault,
not to be avoided
on the contrary,
servants,
or
some
some
slight offence,
binds
monly bears
or conduct towards
it
is
tects
salt
their duty
them and
to
reference
to
his
his superiors.
serve
him who
their families,
in
moral
They
virtues,
feel
that
all situations,
and
310
under
circumstances
all
He may
feels,
it is
his
that
impe-
change
sides as often as
he pleases,
main unchanged.
About the
side
he chooses to take
in
no
God
responsibility.
dependence upon
the
his
no questions, and
last.
the
tral India,
Mahomedan
no part
mediate
among
chief,
the Rajpoots
The laws
lied upon.
of
less to
Mahomed, which
be
re-
prescribe
among
ritorial or political
served by
Hume
dominion.
The
"
hurtful,
right of primogeniture
It has
was
an institution which
division of property
but
it is
advantageous in ano-
monarchy."
311
PRIMOGENITURE.
Among
that
the
Mahomedan
to
obey
Every son of
means of
establishing such
However
and
all
the ter-
prejudicial to
the
interests
of his
elder
rights,
because
As
of their prophet.
all
and nobles,
solicit
and nobles
consi-
to death
sion,
an entire clearance of
dantic tutor,
all
the
Ourungzebe
who wished
Should not
so important to a king,
me
some-
which
sons
on
all their
is,
to his
their sovereign
312
And
Now that
all
my
brothers
my
Is not that
?" #
means of
it,
many
of
them are
absolutely starving, in spite of the enormous pension the head of the family receives for their main-
tenance
The
city of
Duteea
is
little
but
it
has no ditch or
its
foundation on a solid
glacis,
and
is
capable of
fol-
visit.
He
and
wall,
filled
trees,
at this time
The
flight
built
It
bottom of a
fruit.
fine
was enclosed
at the back,
The
floors
were
Mogul Empire.
313
CITY OF DUTEEA.
of steps
and
we looked
opposite to us, as
was a
and with
fine jet
full play,
and directly
its
best advantage.
The
large quadrangle
killah or fort,
corner.
On
is
called the
it is
thirty
high, with
feet
thus occupied
is
is
some
brass
fine
festival
This
is
fired
Our
of the Dusecra.
As we advanced from
gateway.
itself.
the gateway up
we were
again
foot,
and arranged
we had
to pass
appeared to
me
and recrossed
at right
It
is
walls
crossed
trees to
rich
fill
fruit
In the
314
that in which
we were
There
in this,
upon
dry, open,
We
who
to
is
He
is
plain
tenance
and
and not
if
he be moulded
accident'''
man
We had
man
to
keep them
may
perhaps
all
more preposhis
subjects
an elephant, a horse,
old man,
of a good go-
vernor.*
sessing
the country
after the
all for
me
till
I returned, as I
The
His elephant was very near treading upon the infant be-
serves.
fore
he saw
son,
own.
it.
He
The
seemed
his successor,
HINDOO FLATTERY.
such valuable things in safety
satisfied
and two
mised to keep
were
all
hilts of swords,
spears,
value,
little
till
315
The
man and
After an hour s
ottar of
his ministers,
roses
men
upon
chairs.
they
joined
freely
in
the
conversation.
happiness of seeing
my
but
was
came
honour and
me
hearing,
since I
tilings
my
This
credit.
of sense,
and offensive
that they
we
are
doomed
all
for
it
but
still,
mean
to submit
the people
said
a species of bare-
is
man
had
told,
to a
told
in
we
it.
This
is,
upon what,
only as civility
however,
in reality,
gods,
as
such,
may be
suffered to
316
treat us as heroes
offence
We
by the view of an
and
the
east, as far as
three
forest,
on every
side,
as hunting grounds
The
little
lost
is
unat-
is
by
this
On
the 19th
we
left
now
indulge.
fine plain
among
till
we
part of India,
grass or
narrow streams.
through the
soft
easily
On coming
lake.
the
we
we found
forest,
before sunrise,
through
WHOLESALE SPORT.
riantly at
sport,
nimously resolved to
;
for
city.
and
Had we
we might
sportsmen
317
sacrifice
we saw many
we had
so
magnaart," as
before us.
much
We
sport,
318
CHAPTER XXXIII.
BHOOMEEAWUT.
Though, no
understood
little
Bhoomeeawut,
in
Europe
in
When
at the
Bundelcund,
earth, &c.
is
member
signifies
war or
proprietor.
he
collects his
war upon
towns and
till
he
is
followers,,
and
no
ruler,
levies indiscriminate
day.
Bhoomeea, a landed
present
and burning
his
invited back
upon
his
own
During
terms.
he
will
plough in
The
it,
smallest
together with
member
to
if
and
drive a
he can.
BHOOMEEAWUT.
the Hindoo military
class, will
319
Bhoomeeawut
in his
engaged
is
num-
kind,
that
of
constituted
of
authorities
in
govern-
ment.
who
all
the
members
of his
own
their own.
He
the interests of
and
class
clan,
is
all
and
if his
chief happens to be on
cause,
hills
and in the
that
is,
It
of
is
it
maxim
in
a very true
;"
makes a hundred
series
of atrocious
among
Some
cir-
320
not,
The robber
that
it is
who
will
will always
be able
know,
for they
all
and he
is
now relieved
alto-
He may
or window.
like a gentleman,
and have
all
sit
down
man
Weak governments
own
robbers,
all
cultivating
or submit to be plundered of
it.
Jansee
rent-free or at a quit-rent,
and
as
he passed
321
BHOOMEEAWUT.
settle
among
They had
fere.
disputes,
meeawut, and
cry, "
To your
BhooThis
Israel."
tents,
mili-
down
they did
come
of only two
Jansee, the
capital,
mercial town of
arbitrators.
barons got
all
suspension of
ceased.
lent large
sums
chief,
who had
hitherto
good portion of
Gwalior
portion of
his lands.
is itself
its
weak
in the
same way.
military classes,
equally addicted to
is
great
Hindoo
Bhoomeeawut,
and
it
must be con-
ready to engage in
it,
little
chance of
VOL.
I.
for
322
these
cious
rapa-
vereign of
Oude
are, in the
field
pursues
it
back upon
with vigour
is
his
soon.
If his lands
years,
till
for the
get
next
five
ground of the
which
so-
from
to recover.
is
his estate,
my
Bhoomeeawutee of
He
gur,
employed
this
in
Sew Ruttun
kind,
Sing.
who wished
to exclude
him from
regiment were,
that
if
He
bride.
the governor of
invita-
ceremony of adoption.
He
till
knew
young
the province,
his
his inheritance
and
cried,
"
To your
tents,
323
BHOOMEEAWUT.
Rajpoots, with nothing but their swords, shields,
spears, to follow him, all of the
men.
same
elan,
and
and true
in a jungle not
more
to attack
them
two nine-pounders.
He
He
plans.
in
ambuscade
fifty
rear,
by him
in,
men
and kept
the centre.
ambush
them
while he attacked
in
field,
he bribed
Hoseyn was
so
all
got, that
self.
in
all his
of his
the party in
on the
fifty
When
detachment of
made any
my
it
in their reports
report of
it
him-
from
detached command,
or
should have
heard the
we
we
my bungalow
Y 2
324
ment
full
authorities.
of the
women and
children
and the
One hundred
all
fair field,
for
of
one
because
soul,
Jansee
cloths, to the
I think, of
them on
its
the
amount,
intercepted by
to Rajpootannah.
was
lost.
They
This
did
chiefs,
so,
and
must
his subjects
release the
Bhoomeeawut
is
supposed to have
and
for
of rupees,
in the ser-
Bhoomeeawut,
in
325
BHOOMEEAWUT.
for three years,
ries
till
estate
many
and which
of
whom
will,
is
year,
yielding
river,
which
a fine
gift of
his
son
now
to
for-
He
had been a
trade, but
by
man
of no note
till
much
talked
this
he soon became
he took to
off.
deed thought by
others,
he
is
in-
waged
this indiscriminate
war
that
ment
in his service
others of the
same
his
class
and clan
of land, or of
does
field
him
office, is
They
feel
because
more
all
or less
tenure
he throws out of
in his
own terms
upon
most tender
tillage,
and indisposes
or their rents.
He who
wages
this
same
clan,
and receiving
theirs
326
nothing at
if
all
whole of
his
Bhoomeeawut, as
game he
is
playing.
Omrow
game
for
more than
fifteen vears
among the
baronial families
by
it.
made
his
man been
aud demoralizing
all
during the
district
those around
by
his
it
by
his
and
villages
pride
and
is
;
Neither
pleasure
monstrous idol
in
than
maiming an innocent
defacing idols
the
most
Bhoomeeawutee takes
peasant,
who presumes
in
to drive
his
ban.
this
Bhoomeeawut
is
it,
are
The same
class of
state,
men
Bundel-
in
327
BHOOMEEAWUT.
the
drill
and
that
the
is,
brave,
our
all
faithful to their
to the person
Oude Rajpoot
have
and equally
is
In Oude,
this class
of people
rule,
In Bundelcund
and they
still
328
CHAPTER XXXIV.
THE SUiciDE
CHILDREN IN INDIA.
The day
we
before
left
some
for
a thing of almost
though a very
fat
and hand-
He
was
it
life,
struck her.
took up a pitcher
at her head.
first
all
It missed her,
He was
her things
the
first
and walking
off
My
water
much
carrier,
difficulty to return,
Maddened
small
at the thought
THE
329
SUICIDE.
of a blow from her only son, the old lady about sunset
We
apply a remedy.
and before
was too
it
were told of
late to
about eight
it
arms
tried
success,
remedy
every
hand,
at
without
but
She loved
died.
who
cook could
as the
and was
money
stolen
ant
fast
enough.
This
for his
it
likewise thought
admonitions to those of
his
mother
not saving
for
cousin had
little
The cook
her.
money enough
The old
the ceremonies.
woman was
to be married as soon
young assist-
right to
it
;
admonish
right to
add
his
now
at his
herself,
presuming
to interfere.
The son
mother's suicide.
is
a mild, good-tempered
equals
been
less
and
mild
is
it
Had he
for his
child,
which in infancy
God
is
manhood becomes
necessary,
intolerable.
spirit,"
330
said
and certainly
woman
of the old
spirit
could not
been guilty
of.
From
she
till
breathed her
sought her to
is
be-
his crime,
There
live,
who
parents are so
much
all
of society.
This
is
have
sons.
The duty
of daughters
is
whom
alone
them
state.
The
is
marriage
female
backsliding ever
parents
which
a
is
widow
it
can
affect
affect
that
the family
only
of her
of
husband,
her
If
331
reciprocity of rights
One
grave.
case, it is too
more
still
to the
is
but
own
in sovereign ones.
A prince,
spirit,
families,
when he
is
often obliged
to witness a great
from
his inability to
resign the
power
He
often
dishonoured, as at Jansee,
before
he can
it
doing
so,
In order to prevent
her
own
son
husband, to
known
in
to poison
India,
like
it is
those
who
live
to hold
it)
women
select ministers
paramours
or at least
make
332
The
so,
own
to serve their
selfish purposes.
mothers,
who endeavour
ignorant,
public
affairs,
and
for the
for the
a salutary
is
his
all
officers.
Montesquieu was
for if
innocent
is
;
public
as sen-
and
will
well,
his
conduct of
devil (shytan) in
and industrious
will
him
prey upon
In India
subjects.
enervating and
The
Zunana.
as they
stultifying
state of
do in Europe, from
influence
of
the
dominion,
is
by a
man bred up
They are
in such schools.
diffident
and how-
drama of
life.
333
SLEIGHT OF HAND.
In
my
my mind
waves,
when
lie
my
my
I sat with
little vessels as
my
rising into
watching our
river,
brothers
native land
and then of
As we advance
painful feelings
now
in age the
in-
for they
scenes
them
but with
all
those,
who can
Many
of
left
During
my
visit to
guise of one of
chased for
Europe
me
my
five
chintz, for
soliciting
sipahees
fine
it
ascertain from
me
own
same money
if
that
was to halt
to-
334
The) were
one.
When
he came
would not
suit his
purpose
and went
sitting
out with
lay
him
and requested
it
it
own
his
iden-
four o'clock in
till
left
Duteea, and
all
copper, with a
same
in
and sub-
appearance.
my
followers, I
in
335
CHAPTER XXXV.
GWALIOR PLAIN ONCE THE BED OF A LAKE
OF PEACOCKS.
On
TAMENESS
we came on
forty
tory,
spring
This
crops.
soil
under
manifest signs of
plain bears
like
bounded
merable islands of
rise
abruptly in
plain.
The
a vast lake
all
all
plain
round
hills
vast lake,
shapes and
is still
and the
which now
sizes,
the
have
little
up the
illusion,
tendency to dispel
for
traveller
336
them.
by
Their course
The
unmarked
which mark
is
over
is
soil
consider a
cultivated
soil
for
we can
is
never
which
by fallows or an alternation of
scended to the
crops,
till
it
has de-
The prince
rack-rents
the
cultivator,
Soon
the
farmer,
we
soil.
enter upon
The
villages are
The
money
it
brings
is
among
his
who
again pay
it
No more
people
in the
reside
in land
revenue.
villages
is
that
reside
all
the
blishments
culti-
elsewhere.
seen,
There
is
no-
TAMENESS OF PEACOCKS.
ornamental trees
fruit or
which the
crops, to
left
337
men
Near
threshing
field,
little
his
way
it
farther on, I
me
it
off in
my
fright at
play
and to
my white
followed by
all wild,
if
my
surprise
and strange
face
the others.
was
It
it
it
so close
stick to push
flew off in a
dress,
and was
birds that
On
live
we found
several
feeding in the
close around
corn-fields
to
camp followers and were told by the villagers, who had assembled to greet us, that they were
" Why," said they, " should we think of
all wild.
keeping birds that live among us on such easy terms
of
host
them
and was
told, that
them might do
so,
since they
who wished
had here no
to
reli-
them
vol.
their tameness
i.
is
and the
338
The members
communities,
live
them
and
At Autree, a
little
on such friendly
of the
by their tameness.
quantity of salt
sufficient
manu-
is
The
town.
dug up
at
small reservoirs
is
is
made
as over tea
it
and
it
removed
it
is
to small pits
till
soil
tents
had been
and
fire
it is
Pass-
some
in buckets to
exposed to the
evaporates,
and leaves
The people
my
water
The want
the
coffee.
below into a
flows out
it
sun's
Water
river, is quite
lamentable.
taken
off to
wood, in spite of
own
interest in this
moved they
trees, in
this chief
Parts of the
trees,
POPULAR OPINION.
work, will always operate
339
among Hindoos
as a suffi-
men
can be
made
trees
will
village,
as
be respected.
much
as those
The
around the
lands
of the
same
made
As everywhere
else, so here,
quality which
two crops
to yield
the
had
in the year.
town,
down with
it
manures of
I had a
kinds.
all
as I
walked
to dwell
much upon
territories
those of Sindheea's,
of,
observed
and the
total absence of
it
in
ever thought
is
is,
in consequence,
more than
one.
z 2
340
CHAPTER XXXVI.
GWALIOR AND
On
lior,
the 22nd,
ITS
we came on
GOVERNMENT.
fourteen miles to
seemingly
continuations
Hills of indurated
which are
Vindhya
of the
hills,
Gwarange.
These
some dykes of
the
soil
autumn crops
that lately
stood
been removed.
;;
GWALIOR AND
GOVERNMENT.
ITS
341
more dreary.*
The road
is
and except in
this footpath,
guard, there
is
guous
man
capitals,
ancient,
and yet
is
it
sovereigns
feel,
nia,
their ugliness
pandemo-
in
the
Bosphorus
these
all
dominions there
is
not, perhaps,
and unhealthy.
that should
It
has not
recommend
prince, particularly to
capital as his
it
one who
still
that he has as
considers his
officer
army
feel,
in his
little
of his
of permanent interest
"
Now
press
little corn-field,
which served
to im-
342
my
me
had
built a splendid
this
tents,
As
summer-house.
man
where Sindheea
I
came over
which
in
sickens as he recollects
soil,
concentrated upon this point, and squandered without leaving one sign of
human
art or industry, I
dust,
sward below,
and
we find
Mahomedan
such as
dences of
tents I found
an atmosphere
in
and around
them pitched
all
On
princes.
free
from
the resi-
reaching
my
place
as
its
deformity
of other towns.
On
it,
one side of
in
this
such a
-just
the suburbs
little
plain,
shrub before
it.
little flower-
we
mud
wall,
swarm
in such
!"
tent-door, a sipahee of
When I cantered up to my
my guard came up, and re-
dawn
a gang of thieves
343
UNIVERSAL THIEVES.
my
my
best carpets,
the brass
all
tent-poles,
with
bell
cooking
all
and many
utensils,
They
house.
no answer to their
at this place
inquiries,
and I
really believe
The
would make
tents of
to pay his
He
near mine.
with
all
the
;
plate,
five horses
and
jewels,
tainly
would
Having had
we moved
dexterity,
sufficient
our tents to
cer-
proof of their
a
grove
near
As
ing that
it
to swallow
up
that surrounds
succeed
Nothing worse
were
is
lament-
344
able to think
inflict
when we
and
lies
men
streets,
twelve
zapore,
who had
town
who
district,
in to
resides in the
after
men to
send
Am
Neither he nor
of the prince?"
the
of their
Amib
own
human
families.
was
their duty
beings,
In
save the
it
members
tion,
life,
dreamed that
immense dominions
are
and every
this court
officer
his duties to
be limited
Protected from
all
FAVOURABLE CONTRAST.
round him on every
him
his
side,
345
whole army
and display
left to
is
and having
among them
and assassination
capital,
where he
mutiny
He
his
and property of
his subjects
moment
he draws
his
turn.
Gibbon
human
is
states,
not without
its use.
There
is,
magnify the
times
;"
eyes such
and
if
the
specimens
Ma-
sovereigns
and be much
less
disposed than they are to estimate fairly the advantages of being under ours.
The
native governments
grinding
whole history
is
military despotisms
to slay,
;"
as if
to
be
346
slain
In
as in landscape,
politics,
be
all
were
not
it
states,
represented
"
where the
governor
lucky
The
ill-governed
accident "
of
is
good
is
the people
these
in
and
responsibility of ministers to
yet undiscovered.
fortress of
hill,
At the base
twenty
feet,
fifty,
this,
from
forty-five
The
interval
is
The
a kind of
the perpendicular
of basalt in
is
formed of a bed
glacis is
The
uniform height
cipice, and
all
being thus
is
extremely irregular.
the edge
They
are
they stand, and have some square and some semicircular bastions of
few
different sizes
w all
r
itself.
of
these
On
the
TOWN OF GWALIOR.
347
men
sitting
The town
side,
standing naked,
I took to be
of Gwalior
on one
and in another
man
of a
the colossal
relief,
and
that of
a very beautiful
Mahomed Khan,
street
a. d.
it.
there
month
it
it,
with so noble
my
name
me
went
in,
part of
it,
nor
and read
beautiful materials;
that
horse,
is
is
no stucco-
all
so nicely cut,
useless.
The
court and
camp
The whole
lior stands,
had evidently,
at
Gwa-
basalt,
surmounted by a
iron clay,
with
348
common
still
The boulders
laterite.
of
which
basalt,
hill,
part of the glacis at the bottom, are for the most part
in a state of rapid decomposition
are
still
so hard
upon them
and
upon a
as
The
liantly crystalline.
Gwalior
plain,
is
rings
is bril-
hills
Malwa.
all rise in
as those
have almost
hammer
basalt
that the
fresh,
bell,
all
through
of
Malwa
generally
and they
basaltic glacis at
the top,
all
The
strata.
is
and I may say the same of the Vindhya range generally, as far as I
have seen
it,
from Mirzapore on
Malwa
hills
of sand-
it,
The
fortress of
for its
but
349
FORTRESS OF GWALIOR.
a. d.
holding
it
1543
Emperor Ibraham,
Emperor Hoomayoon,
to Sharekhan,
In
1519.
his successful
Rana
of Gond, from
it
their possession,
the
to
it
whom
a. d.
it
command
it
Popham
The party
Rana
of Gond,
that
distin-
Captain Bruce,
officer,
over by us to the
in
of Major
While
It
was made
to
resentment of
the
In
traordinary
tory
the
many
men
it
by
After
escalade,
he
escape.
784
He
Gond
itself
was
closely pursued,
made
fortress
prisoner at
of Gwalior,
350
where he died
and
his
claims
upon Gond
He
left
devolved
no son;
upon
his
is
estimated
He
Bhugwunt
Sing, a
351
CHAPTER XXXVII.
CONTEST FOR EMPIRE BETWEEN THE SONS OF SHAH JEHAN.*
lior
as
in
for
dominion
whom
rivals
prison,
who ended
and
large menagerie,
and competitors
They kept a
violent death.
Gwa-
the fortress of
Among
the best
unhappy Dara.
em-
pire
and instructive
who
and
my
figured in
as
ramit,
The
the personages and events of which the author will have frequent
occasion to refer
and
it is
the
state prison in
its
con-
352
built
at
it
Tomb
or the
of the
Crowned
He
Shakoh.
" Taj
is
Beebee ka Ronza,"
had four sons
Princess,
The
was Dara
eldest son
position kind
and
his
lity
those,
his
interest to
by harsh
was most
it
though
which,
often
strong feeling
and
also
deeply regretted,
of apprehension,
throne,
when
would be
firmly
likely to
seated
add
upon
it.
left
minds;
man who
that the
un-
always
premeditated, and
of
of
conciliate,
expressions,
feelings
Many
so
forward to the
injuries to insults
He
had studied
Certain
it is,
that
The
Jesuits
who
to the
Mahomedans.
the
throne,
their
religion
if
he came
353
DARA.
throughout the
east.
Emperor Akbar,
grandfather, the
his great-
that spirit of
in
He
all religions.
seemed
really
to believe,
book
its
and that
spirit,
if
they would
great end
the
benevolence
all
promotion of
charity,
justice,
and
He
them more of
his
among
most
whom he
on intimate terms
and he gave
The
whom
the Europeans
in his confidence
could
Jesuits
Jesuits, those
They had
al-
all
parts of
VOL.
I.
and
so
much
A A
after
354
own
heart in
all things,
that she
her unbounded
all
in-
liberal, so
but he was
fits
high-
abilities,
many
of those
who
He
means necessary
to
Dara
men
win
in
employing the
them
for
He
dominion.
had changed
from
his sect
filled
and military
office
and he was in
cor-
The adven-
monopoly of
offices as
them
for courts
my
countrymen
son.
as the
He
was
and
pale,
though
his eyes
355
OURUNGZEBE.
nerally turned on
world than in
this.
art of dissimulation
He
existed.
it
and
He
temper.
He was a
sive ornaments,
imperial family.
He
had inscribed
name among
his
upon
rice,
roots,
and water
and never
in-
From
he seems to have
to
life
persuade them
that he
prophet.
used always to
man
tomb of
his
that
brothers, or
say, "
Of
all
my
knew him
well,
and
A A 2
;;
350
just as
racter.
fifth
ability,
Shah Jehan.
She had
less of natural
her eldest
more of
Jehanara
sister,
artifice
In mind and
and cunning.
much
tion
disposi-
as
Jeha-
much
She became
resembled.
fully
his spy
informed of everything
him
know.
field,
who devoted
all his
time to
to military exercises,
and the
He
strength,
and seemed to
He
to an empire.
Mahomedan
faith,
little to
Her
attract
dress,
amusements of the
tion
or interest in her
engaged
all
child
mind
or
trifling
her atten-
least
357
interest in
reside at the
of Delhi,
capital
the conduct of
Shoojah was
of
zebe,
all
the
Deccan
or
as the de-
affairs,
and
Ourung-
Orissa.
dominions
imperial
Buksh,
The Em-
Moorad
set
Shoojah
same
day,
the holy
Koran
to
Up
to
and they
life.
In the year
a. d.
supposed to be dead
for that contest
ill
for
all
prepared
a grave.
Ourungzebe
Moorad,
easily
managed
to
his
persuade
own, and
358
sister
of
his wife,*
who had
now endangered
prophet,
become a
united
heretic.
efforts,"
"
sent
his permission,
him
as the real
accordingly."
wall,
man
fell
which
found
city
of
into the
his troops
He
his
under the
imme-
marched
lery.
for
treasury
snare
tomb
retire
diate use,
by their
as they had,
Emperor
Surat.
As soon
He
as
he should, with
in the
as well
his artil-
less
;f
sister.
fell
five
into his
city,
hands
whom
he
hundred thousand
AMEER JUMLA.
note,
359
air,
and
this,
and cared
little
about the
money.
From
where
his brother,
it
on
his
Ourungzebe had
lately
of
Deccan.
left
still
continued to
services of a third
him a prisoner
a native of Persia
in the
his per-
uncommon
all
man
He came
of an attendant
could impart.
sian education
pacity."
powders,
In the language of
Here he
paramour
to the
still,
Possessed
360
royalty,
peror,
when
surest road to
as the
Em-
The
son of Ourungzebe,
Sultan
Mahomed,
in spite of
his
father-in-law.
above
all,
greater
his artillery,
under
perfection,
the
superintendence
in
of
India ever
had been.
As
court
family,
He
to invite
Ameer Jumla
to
many
known
since
CELEBRATED DIAMOND.
mountain of
noor, or the
light,
He
death
of
Sodulla
mand
after
was soon
office
appointed to the
the
361
of an
to entrust
become master
become exceedingly
to
and he immediately
al-
Ourungzebe, would be
sufficient to give
it
seize
He
to
for
empire, to
whom
men in the
his
Ameer drew
India.
this
Unable
to prevent
army, or entrusting
Ourungzebe, to confine
civil
government of the
this
states already
conquered,
362
and to
insist
his wife
and
The
Ameer
this
command upon
last condition
upon him to
was appointed to
his office of
and
Mahmood Ameer,
The king
his wife
of Beejapore having
He had
reduced Beejapore
to
itself
He now
illness.
siege,
and retired to
Jumla w as engaged
T
Ourungzebe sent
Ameer
treat the
he did
his
offered, raised
Ameer
Ourungabad.*
Mahmood,
eldest son,
to join him.
he declined.
so,
accepted the
when he
extremities,
all
and
to en-
Dreading that
his
The second
son,
Mou-
rupees and forty elephants, with gold and silver housings, for
Shah Jehan
for
Dara Shakoh
and
five lacs
and jewels,
of
Ourungzebe,
DAY-DREAMS OF AN ARMY.
363
This was
done to make
it
ment
We
"
of Dara.
with."
were
tive,
zebe,
we do
it
easily
They
to them.
so,
and a
of a
successful
army
so
now
manded.
Ourungzebe, who
with the
title
>
He had
all
while
Mahmood had
all
Mouzim
made by
the im-
In the
Mahmood had
long
before died.
*
When
much.
in silver fetters,
He had
behaved extremely
ill
to
the
wars
his wife
and
sister,
364
fol-
into his
He
revenge the death of his good old father, and to relieve the religion of their holy prophet
pire of Hindoostan,
and the
He knew
heretic Shoojah.
perfectly well
that his father had been long out of all danger, and
letters
master;
and by
convey to him
all
this
was at
this
were
troops which
his industry,
seemed
to
sagacity,
those about
him
much
person.
to
to his interest.
and
vigilance,
to control all
There
intercepted.
not in correspondence
against
it
time hardly a
finest
to
foresee, or
send
Such
that he
events,
becoming
But the
qualities
that
365
SHOO.TAH.
stead,
had of the
tion he
tions of
men
who were
do
and the
ability to
never
left
felt
charge
desire to
a service unrecompensed
himself worthy
that he possessed
vigilantly or
more
it.
Justice
rigorously admi-
countries committed
than in the
to his
no
less
disposi-
and
able to serve
He
so.
capacities, characters,
An army
necessary to his
omedans are
for
Ma-
was
first
sent by
from Bengal.
amounted
to forty thousand
men
His
and
On mounting
troops
his horse to
for
make
his first
march upon
and
this
was always
his motto.
He
caused
it
to
;"
be
command
Dara
murder of the
best
of fathers.
The
of the
was given to
He
was
as
hand-
366
some
and had
as his father;
and
generous,
proached him.
affable
his fathers
He
qualities.
and beloved by
good
was frank,
all
who
ap-
and grandson
his son
all
if possible,
Emperor
the
ap-
of Jeypore,
who commanded
in the empire,
He
ordered
persuade
them
to
do
all
in
their
power to
without
father,
now
should he persist in
it.
the desire
to
distinguish
to
take place
brothers
might,
probably, enable
him
to
seize
the
capital
The
action
CRIMINALITY OF MUSIC.
367
knew that
but they
the
Empe-
Mooghere by news
at
his
his
He
all his
marched
he could to support
as fast as
his father
one of
movements
Jysing, because
* In the
trial
of one of the
mode
of
Roman
life,
and
Dara had,
and corruption,
him with
dancing.
Cicero,
"
crimes a
Rome a dancer
man must needs be
;
be objected to him
since
but to consider
places,
for
dancing
and much
was the
effect
is
the
other
who was
in solitude,
jollity.
You
many
vices,
of
no amours, no nightly
expenses, &c."
how many
call
mad
in
The Hindoo
revels,
with no scandalous
no lewdness, no extravagant
much
exaspe-
368
support in
it
to be his
all
Rajah Jysing.
friend the
the
Roman
consul was
at being accused
of taking
one in a
quadrille.
Mussulman
murder than of
dancing.
ments of
gladiatorial exhibitions,
for
to use
much-loved amuse-
amusement
to
Maria Edge-
by emotions.
369
CHAPTER XXXVIII.
OURUNGZEBE AND MOORAD DEFEAT THEIR FATHERS ARMY
NEAR OJEYN.
to persuade
Ourungzebe and
to retire
his
own
command
of Kasim Khan,
who revered
the Emperor,
in succession to
Jeswunt
Berar.
Sing was
appointed viceroy
of
made
if
possible,
ments before
it
should be too
late.
As they
ad-
mands of
VOL.
I.
their
father
little
370
difficulty in
chiefs
not to be at
all
relied upon.
It
in-
tion of the
but Ourungzebe,
after
April,
that
Jeswunt Sing
joined.
little
river
Gumbeer,
midway between
Jeswunt Sing
called in
his
all
places,
ments he could
who
is
Sing
brave
Ourungzebe
although he
that he depended
little
Mahomed
is
his colleague,
won
felt
detachments from
tried to
thought to
Kasim Khan,
over.
Jeswunt
his
left
his charge.
*
fell
rally his
Mahomedan
historians relate,
blood,
stain his
who
Kasim Khan
would
Jeswunt
that
was seen
it,
when a son
field.
All
of a Rajpoot
JESWUNT
their efforts
to
show
own
were vain
371
SING.
all
left
Ourungzebe
1658.
built a fine
commemorate
this action
wunt
Jes-
Sing,
capital,
" It
is
defeated, as he
is
if
still
alive
my
him
the next
to
duty
is
w orld upon
r
inexorable.
"
in the
own hands
the funeral
The
find
he
I can follow
clear.
this."
no
pile,
but I
funeral pile
relict
of her
was
!"
by the
traitor
Kasim Khan
him
with,
and to retrace
raise
for the
new
levies
Emperor
six
killed.
B B 2
372
depended upon
and the
state
now be
Emperor and
peared
to
by
be,
Mahomed
the
all
as they ap-
son, betrayed,
his eldest
chiefs of the
As soon
as
and he
it is
for
my sins
he
this defeat,
that I
am
Lord,
afflicted,
of
He
of
to the bazaar,
said,
fits
Ameer Jumla.
his wife
most ungovernable
into the
off
and sold to
and
his
daughters sent
prostitutes, as
he was, he
all
their strength.
Mahomedan
female
suffer
them
as
he had too
members of
On
his family.
that
less
sinews of
sole
She sharply
his nose"
replied,
hand had
that
is,
ran away.
since
to
to
"Impudent knave,"
cook
Do you
it
not
"how
it
V*
373
CONFIDENCE OF DARA.
much good
members
of his family to so
much danger
geon with
fetters
upon
common felon
!"
and he used
all his
he was
efforts
to dissuade him.
In these
joined
by
Roshunara, Khuleeloolah
the
princess
efforts
Moorad would
that
he found
retire
his father
who had
was
all
round him.
fidelity,
on
would
at once
Dara at
in person
moving
moment
Emperor
intreated
his
tried
fident of success,
covered with
laurels
as
374
CHAPTER XXXIX.
DARA MARCHES IN PERSON AGAINST HIS BROTHERS,
AND IS DEFEATED.
He
left
Agra
at the
fifty
thousand
Almost
artillery.
of sixty elephants
all
and
the
There were
foot,
The
folly to
private
take
camp
all his
equi-
family
He
its
and here he
fortified a
Ourung-
fatigues of such
year
long marches
and deeming
it
375
A TRAITOR.
bank of
this
fifteen miles to
men were
Eight thousand
sent on to take
much
with so
they had
of the
left their
ground.
He
sent on a division
passage of the
to check the
As soon as
main body of daring and devoted Rajpoots came
Ram Sing urged Dara to attack the enemy before
and did
the
up,
all
he could to
the traitor,
who urged
tage of waiting.
vance
to
themselves.*
*
town of
376
and the
sight
capital
without an action.
to wait the
sent
him a
might expect
two
his
his
majesty
feet!
Dara drew up
1st of June.
He
army
his
in order of battle
on the
mand
Dara.*
The
left
commanded
the
Ourungzebe the
left
wing.
The
right
centre,
right
traitor Khuleeloolah,
officers
who assumed
Danishmund Khan.
f
Ramsing
is
commonly
and he
is
sup-
Jeswunt Sing's
wife.
BATTLE OF FUTTEHABAD.
The
Dara fought
them
Ram
Rajpoots in the
which
its
body of
left
right
bravely,
while
377
leader,
his face
in
on
his son.*
and
his
and
his son
from
Ram
his horse,
him
youngest
son
by a cannon
of Dara,
shot,
five
sat
thou-
still
Rostum Khan,
whom
while
Sipeher Shekoh,
his side ;f
On
and throw
Rostum Khan
the
sat,
by
which he
the ground.
to
him
in
castle
this
them
rest
in action to
and thereby
This Rostum
Khan
of the
to inspire
the
and
called
it
after
to
whom
t This was Eezud Buksh, the son of Dara, whom Ourungzebe took out from the fort of Gwalior and married to his daughter,
378
poot
who seemed
soldiers,
to bear
down
before
all
them.
The
seemed now
battle
was obliged
way
to give
moment
this
desperate
effort,
Ourungzebe, who
lost to
Mahomed
son,
Sultan, but
his
prince,
line,
to
make
government
prince,
who
in
the
in times
Deccan
This
unfortunate
upon
his elephant,
waving on
his
them
The moment
enthusiasm.
to
men
in the front of
fits
of irresistible
saw
his
Dara was
for they
fight for.
fight,
Dara
The
Ourungzebe
Mogul
troops.
traitor
had
left
his
Dara
his best
VICTORY OF OURUNGZEBE.
vain
The
defeat irretrievable.
seven in
the morning
Onrungzebe
on
sat
general, the
action had
his elephant
from
lasted
the
in
five
till
God
you
become
afternoon.
his
"
379
;"
guides you,
and
my
brave
soldiers,
God
guides
all
God
that
than
Mahomedan
of their
was
sect,
brother, an unbeliever.
opposed
to
his
the
eighth of
day
till
Ramzan
and
the
sunset
and when,
this
occasion,
and
on
as
they
all
spiritless.
Ourungzebe took possession of the tents and baggage of the imperial army
God
for
emerged
in prayer, offering
great
this
man
like a
victory
inspired,
From
his lips,
hut he
still
flowing
this
from
up thanks to
traitor Khuleeloolah.
" It
this,
380
we
I have done
my
first
who
my
myself before
my
arm
My
second
is
to prostrate
him
By your unexampled
congratulation.
behaviour
fatigue,
and ex-
now
only to
solicit
India
commencement
in this fortunate
and who
field in
of
be found worthy to
will always
fill
are
now become
tiny
victory
shall
throne you so
much
my
for
have
religion
you
placed
merit, I shall go
of the one
God
over
my
desas
upon
the
whilst
passions in solitude,
me,
As soon
about to be accomplished.
is
third
As
the master.
all
the
regions
of
Hindoostan."
By
who was
devoted to his interests, he was sure to be made acquainted with all that was said or done in his camp
placing near his brother this traitor,
his
influential persons
empire,
master
spirit
sister
who
that
all
he
Roshunara,
officer of
any note
to decide
THE MASTER
upon
381
SPIRIT.
their destinies.
these communications
and while
knew no
his
rest
he
to the careless
state, the
from worldly
He
cares.
under
of Dara;
tell
Sooleeman,
to death, or to bring
the conqueror
him
Moorad Buksh.
Though he always
that if his
w ould
r
be by
his forbearance
and that
if
this
fruit, it
he should
all
be
whose
skill
now
Moosalman
at
struggle for
sidered
the
the children
most splendid of
before the
as
lies
all
all
time in Hindoostan;
Shaesta
and
he,
like,
con-
at that
Khuleeloolah,
had been exasperated against Dara by some supposed indignity, or by a deportment which showed
too
plainly that
Dara's
to
accession
diminish his
to
the throne
power and
in-
382
fluence.
He now
he had been
his revenge,
so
for
much
to
distinguished,
which
gratify
38 O
CHAPTER
XL.
As soon
and Dulele
as Jysing
Ourungzebe's
letters,
it
Khan
received
induced to
fly
popular
member
hands of the
of
victor,
all
sumed
sides,
upon
his
among
person.
Be-
the soldiers
much
to
bloodshed.
whom
Dulele
Khan was
entirely subservient
from
the
384
Himmalah
mountains,
who would
him
receive
the
army he had
now
him
and
hospitably,
so
successfully
in
commanded
upon the
fidelity of only
and
He
tirely
part of
all
all
the property
and
this,
him
for the
parties
and the
the road,
who always
many
these
while
By
traitors.
or detachments
all
baggage
his
it
and
still
more discouraged
his journey.
He
and only
six stages
with him.
He
had
his wife
and child
all
honour?
THE
would be there
385
JATS.
as safe,
as if
but
sister,
towards Delhi.
His father
tried,
him
and
silver coin,
He
Purmez,
his uncle
son, Sipeher
all
that
tunes
to assist
still
in raising
who was
his daughters,
new
levies.
the daughter of
and
his
youngest
remained
faithful to
him
in his misfor-
he thought he could
still
rely,
and driven a
fugitive
to
the
On
mountains.
his
his father.
with which
The
fruits
of
silver
the
mud
forts
of
Bhurtpore,
Hatras,
Deeg-,
all
vol.
i.
c c
386
liable
for-
The spirit of union, which animated and strengthened them in their infancy, as mere bands of robbers,
fostered and supported their growth to the mature
age of formidable
dignified with
principalities,
name
the
when
of patriotism, or national
feeling.
became
it
soil
had always
and robbers
a large scale
only they
become
empire of Hindoostan.
Out of
Jumna
spirit,
to the Indus,
was
rivals
spirit,
of Delhi,
;
Along the
that
their old
into
for
peaceful
subjects
will, at
down
it
is
to be
THE
same
is
state
difference
this
387
JATS.
There
rule.
The Gangs
or
the conquest
the
members of the
occupied;
their
into swords
soldier.
men
ploughshares were
Their places in
of other castes
whom
absorbed
it
converted
soil,
with
much, that
so
whom
union or sympathy
" a
breath
as a
keep them up
a standing
as
own
battles
service.
own ploughs
They con-
Romans
them
for
his father
all
to
the ele-
stables,
sufficient to
c c
the
which
mount
388
considerable force
in
correspondence
Sooleeman had
his
army
but
with
fled to
to the victor
this governor,
left all
now, deserted by
all
march
the chiefs
insulted
to Lahore, accompanied
whom he had
Dara
levies.
389
CHAPTER XLL
SHAH JEHAN IMPRISONED BY HIS TWO SONS, OURUNGZEBE
AND MOORAD.
On
3rd
the
of
Moorad marched
June,
1658,
Ourungzebe and
and encamped
Shah Jehan
tried
him a
unattended
the
capital
and
them both
fined in prison,
It
preparations
armed
in the
made known
to Ourungzebe,
by
his sister
Roshunara,
all
of
the
he
visit
to have
for several
all
and
come
390
Two
his father.
take the
field,
and
round him
rally
all
them.
give
him a chance of
success,
he made his
sister
throw himself
and implore
for-
him
if
the ambitious
Moorad had
which he
received her
knew how
or
due
it
when
his passions.
advances.
All
and because
manner
in
Moorad never
first visit
to
Moorad,
along by her
side,
if
his
She
FORGERY OF OURUNGZEBE.
was pleased with
commander of a
soldiers
this
mark
flattered
army
victorious
of
his tent,
man he pretended
real
Ourungzebe was
really the
391
to
be,
and deterred
his father
merely
him with
make arrangements
for the
field,
visit
letter
visits
this
after
on various pretences,
to
him
the
out of
palace,
Ourungzebe deferred
of his sons.
was brought
or appearing
expected interview.^
in
till
at last
his
an intercepted
from the Emperor to Dara, commanding him to advance no further than Delhi, as he was about to
re-
in
his
way
again.
knew
the secret
felt
by
for
all classes
the father,
of people
392
was
city,
is
some measure
in
"
The
bird that
The
for-
Mahomed had
him
receive
when
the
as
representative
of
father
his
be extremely
ill.
every
man he
slaves, eunuchs,
all
Soldiers,
indiscriminately
murdered. Shah Jehan sat on his throne ready to receive him, amidst the presents of inestimable value,
The
hands of
and massacred
at
his palace
come
in
In
doors.
soldier,
his
down
passion
which
his
father
He
on the Koran,
if
he would only
set himself
up
his
him upon
as the defender
393
of his old
'
said, "
secure to
him
him the
in the affec-
tions of all
deli-
Had Mahomed
sons."
consented to be
made
the means
powers and
but
dis-
and dreading
his
abilities to frustrate
them, should
waited with
keys,
till
all his
at last
led to
to receive the
all
Etbar Khan,
apartments,
causing
that
as
the keys
to his
to
father.
temporary go-
windows
Ourungzebe sent
and
assurance of safety
apartments, delivered up
his
grandson,
his
full
all
and
all
the
his
women,
in their
gateways, doors,
and
through him.*
Ourungzebe wrote
at the
same time a
in prison
; ;
394
for
on the ground of
all
determination to sacrifice
his evident
his
and the
letter,
safety.
Had
his respects
and as soon
to
still
him on the
first
said, "
it
would
and implore
his
have paid
his feet,
He
he should," he
life,
as
power further
it
own
to his father, as
it
but
it is
all
cir-
the pro-
feel
upon
The
family of
set
at
the brothers
allow
much
after to find
part
it
ability
all
to be concealed,
it
went unperceived
their uncle,
and
but
to his coffers.
Shaestakhan,
he could entirely
in
rely, as
whose
He
appointed
devotion and
now
flocked about
him
to
395
Had
of.
own
his
he, in-
him
boldly
his troops
brilliant
and un-
against
their
at
first,
venerable
suaded to remain at
and
fight
father.
it is
still,
show himself
field,
home by Dara
at
was the
and not a
had
really
But
after they
fled before
do
so,
them,
with a
most powerful
the
free agent,
fair
it
chance of success.
leaders,
Emperor was
capital,
all
who knew
him
Many
to
of the
and
like
now
crush the
not
Emperor
or perish.
Ourungzebe managed
to
all
felt
that they
It
is
that
must
thought
persuade his
5
sister
396
that
his feet.
to rely
the incapacity of
he came or not.
She
certainly pre-
to
care whether
397
CHAPTER
XLI1.
Having
provided
capital,
for
the
fidelity
pursuit of the
keeping on the
of the river
fugitive
right,
and
tranquillity
commenced
Dara
their
march
Ourungzebe's
in
army
left
bank
river,
Jumna.
the
of
his brother
every day,
mosque
to
He was
infatuated
seemed
brother
clear
himself.
Dara alone
398
become evident
to every-
suspicions of Moorad,
his
to religion,
was most
the armies
to see
upon
his affec-
man who
Before
arrears of pay,
and he
army.
The
petual debauchery
and
riot
in Moorad's
and disorder
filled his
was observed
much
regularity in
were made to
as
and
feel that
strictest
camp
their prince,
his
their arrears.
discipline
pay
to
all
quarters.
Councils
as long
This con-
parted to their
men
and,
INFATUATION OF MOORAD.
and dissimulations, no
more devoted
man
399
commanded an army
ever
to his service.
The preparations
of
Moorad
stars,
was fixed
for the
The
mosque.
were pitched
all
round
this
plain
ground by ropes of
Upon
silk.
Moorad was
Mahomedan
The day
religion.
place,
Ourungzebe was
more
to
visit
before the
Moorad, in
and, as
it
w as
r
Shah Abas
power of
his
his
household troops.
brother
army.
river,
Shocked
As he
he met an old
officer in his
by the
bridle,
and
my
prince,
and
fol-
what
They were
you to Ourungzebe?"
400
" I go,
Ibrahim
retired,
am
to receive
it is
from the
it."
his face,
wiped
him
much
now
in the service of
my
"
Your entrance
is
prince.
affection,
and
re-
spect in the
were removed
ter
up
with
the
him with
warmth of a
all
mas-
as lost.
all
his
After em-
and wiped
journey
for the
and perspiration of
this
He
had arranged
everything with
confidential
circulate,
was
still
little
he begged
his
repose, as he
and wished
401
SEIZURE OF MOORAD.
tion,
retired.
orders,
fell
Moorad got
circulated freely.
officers of
Shah Abas
his suite
had then
his
he put on an
Moorad with
and shortly
"
What
if
after going in
his foot.
He
quietly.
incommoded him
self,
more
they
him-
and spurned
An em-
What
be said of us
will
laws of
God and
bv
/
he, in a
drunkard,
Take
seeming transport of
who
room
this infa-
wine unseen
!"
man
Six men
up, and,
sists,"
upon
his legs
tent,
play as
if
VOL.
I.
"
The
fetters.
if
he
re-
to
D D
402
two brothers
his shouts,
of drunkenness, too
fit
ceremonies in the
for the
at the
Men
tent.
were sent
fit,
services.
as
a reward
In the morn-
came
across
it
all
it
tude to be armed.
Almost
all
it,
as they considered
man who
enterprise
which
they had
all
embarked
their
ment.
Moorad and
in
two
close
litters,
and
403
CORONATION OF OURUNGZEBE.
Some
were placed
all
Long life
to the
was to
it
Ourungzebe
!"
and soon
side,
after
who waited
zebe,
self
his brother
was to have
been
shouts of applause, as
if
He
himself for a
moment upon
feel-
seated
tired.
ment
slightest appearance of a
they had
and they
glory
*
them
for
nominal, but
that in
all felt,
man
to wealth, honour,
and
or a change in the
lost their
move-
command
in prison
1658
Dara.
The
DD
coro-
404
says a
Ourungzebe
Shah Jehan,
his father,
sixty-seven.
Ourungzebe now
left
Mathara
at the
head of both
left
the road to Lahore, raising troops and levying contributions for their
payment
as
he advanced. Soolee-
whom
he
Hurdwar
but
this
the
new
levies
Dara passed
men
the
command
of
Daood Khan,
Ourungzebe,
went on
to Lahore.
had
set in heavily,
either to
alone
He knew the
Dara or
many
his
own
The
solsti-
on the
for
He
was often
405
FLIGHT OF DARA.
when he reposed
Daood Khan
all,
at
for-
Ourungzebe
in
that
opposition,
friends in
much
to his pre-
reluctance.
his
managed, through
at
Lahore
He
to
abandon the
have retreated
from Lahore
Mohubbut reigned
as viceroy,
pursuit.
Dara should
He commanded
the
force.
The traitor, Khuleeloolah, however, who dehim on the Chumbul, and others who had been
serted
for deliberation
and in an
evil
406
what
now
to do,
or
deserted
whom
him
to
know
in crowds.
407
CHAPTER
XLIII.
so far as Mooltan,
march from
and
prison,
he
command
releft
of his
foster brother,
Delhi.*
his troops,
Between
Rajpoot cavalry.
"
408
When
master.
to-
wards him on his elephant, almost alone, he concluded that he had been defeated, and was retreating
and
him
Emperor
and warded
it
is
exclaimed
he
Meer Baba
left
to pursue him,
may be making
My
a handful of
that I
am
yours
is lost
fresh
Saying
!"
money
My
"
to such a friend I
me
for ever
Saying
I shall
this
he passed
on,
hesitated a
and taken
Had he
all
his
faltered, or
friends
them
Your conduct
fast
and take
your debtor
army
come on
this,
he
them
men under
disturbances at Lahore.
is
and
friend
Dara
enough
of
Going up
or troops
is
"
to
danger,
his
boldly to Jysing,
father,
Ourungzebe saw
and empire.
liberty
take him a
prisoner,
cavalry,
be-
409
BIRTH-DAY FESTIVAL.
fore
any of
to his rescue.
new
his
levies to
make
condition to
but
Ourungzebe
and celebrated
days,
his birth-day,
first year.
assisted at this
Khan, the
ceremony
last
of the great
men who
rest
Daood
deserted the
cause of Dara.
received
his abili-
distinction.
ment
from
prison,
with
all
him
to
at Agra,
December, to meet
set
his brother
out,
and sent
prisoner
his
to
on the 3rd of
Shoojah,
who was
410
far
encounter,
to
He
chief.
in the
upon
vailed
to betray him,
so
pre-
Mahomed, the
had been
now
Meer Jumla
moved down
to join him,
which stands
moved up seventy
slowly be-
two
rivers,
beyond
ment
it
for
many
wood
or water
to an army.
round;
on a
entrenchments
all
strong entrenchments by a
armies were
drawn out
10
feigned retreat.
for action
The
on the 6th of
411
BATTLE OF KUJWA.
January, 1659
artil-
Jumla got
forty
He
them.
was
all
artillery,
conflict
all
coming
night fer-
his prayers,
rear,
still
at
where the
families of
Mahomed
him
Jeswunt
and
was found
it
Rajpoot cavalry,
at-
women, and
Jeswunt
in order to give
this,
him an op-
This he was
lowers, either
went
off to the
enemy
or returned to
critical time,
and the
dis-
no chance of
victory,
for
412
Jumla by
and, above
his side.
Ameer
they saw
all,
eldest;
Ourungzebe had
the
youngest.
Mahomed
eldest son,
his
Zyaoddeen,
Sultan.
largest
Ourungzebe
field
in the
down
his guards,
way up
to the spot on
troops
intention,
he pushed
on upon him,
the animal
and seeing
pushed
which he
hope of deciding
before him.
Pre-
he made
his
on
his
stood, urging
his elephant in
Shoojah's
officers
now pushed
it
castle
fell
giving
of
elephant upon
his
One
upon
way
his knees,
same
at the
None
to the ground.
of
strife,
Deccan now!
Where
is
called out to
voice,
"
him
Where
is
413
ELEPHANT CONFLICT.
Meaning there
and
foot,
is
down again
sat
still
The
on.
managed
adversary's
no retreat now.
elephant
behind
sat
still
till
to spring
upon
his neck,
man behind
off.
the prince,
who now got over upon the neck of his elephant, and
made him retire. The day seemed lost to Ourungzebe, when Alia Verdee Khan came up to Shoojah,
who was unable to urge on his elephant after the
shock in which he had been so much stunned, and
entreated him earnestly not to
sit
there
idle, as
dark-
Dara
Come down,
wieldy beast,
in
the
battle
of the
Chumbul
name of God, from that unand mount your horse. God has made
in the
may
fugitives
He had
no
Khan was no
* Alia Verdee
only
way
crown
to
for
traitor.
He
Shoojah
Rajmahal.
He had
by the
roots at
414
his army,
panic
precipita-
to
w ardrobe,
T
As soon
as
of Shoojah's
army
flying
from the
make
as
good terms
field,
as
he
set out
had been
It
his
he could with
made
the treasure
Ourungzebe
plunder, but
but he
now
News
had gone before him, that Ourungzebe had been entirely defeated
it
was
throne.
Shaestakhan, the
at-
mercy
to expect either
from Shoojah or
his
father,
Jeswunt
He
was prevented by
his wife;
and
Agra restored
415
CHAPTER
XLIV.
OURUNGZEBE IMPRISONS
HIS
his son
Mahomed
in
it
said at parting
"
dren
and
fightest.
it
as nothing,
Thou
and to the
for thine
is
Much
to his son
own
born of
latter
he
my chil-
but
all
must count
most able of
all
our enemies,
is
overcome
!"
He
his son
posed as she
had
416
He
move
afraid to
him
was
his
brother against
Mahomed and
Lower
Jumla,
come down by
He now moved
haste,
his
all
possible
In a few days
all
Ganges
obliged to retreat
Jumla intended
at night.
night in
torrents,
brother,
dislike
The
when he was
him, and coming afterwards, when his younger
Jumla for
sent for
set in that
refusing to
come
to his father
from
this cause,
father
seemed
to place in Jumla's
abilities
for the
He became
merits and
Jumla,
abilities,
fully
conscious
of his
own
his
it
conduct altogether
to his father.
He
417
From
affianced.
in his
boyhood been
their infancy,
and
it
was
with great reluctance that he yielded to the injunctions of his father, to unite himself to the daughter
were aware of
much
kindness
this,
knew would be
it
to be
in
consequence,
entrust
to
him with any important command. Unable to remain where he knew he had become an object of
he returned to the camp of Jumla, who
suspicion,
received
him
kindly,
He
was transferred
covered
Bernier,
In the
fifteenth
towards
off
on an elephant, to the
litter
Gwalior.*
to another,
by per-
was, however,
who was
at
fortress
of
Mahomed
the unfortunate
His
marriage.
Moorad Buksh.
intellects
he lived a secluded
VOL.
I.
He
his captivity,
life.
E E
and
418
court
Delhi,
of
in
Danishmund Khan,
he heard of
his
the
capacity
that Ourungzebe,
states,
eldest
of physician
son
Mahomed
to
when
being safely
my
if
and
son, to
you are
same
fate
is
not a
him what
man
father,
Ourung-
his father,
do to
to his father,
Shah Jehan.
If,"
as
he hath
or to be in any
way
dissatisfied
with
is
men
of great parts
who
he does
Yet I know
believe that he
is
not at
own
ambitious purposes."
now
In
narrate, be-
419
FORTUNES OF ZEENODDEEN.
by the destruction of
all
But
other competitors.
his
considered
is
Shoojah, after
driven
Ganges by
line of the
all
the
to
power
On
river.
an asylum in
dominions
his
till
him and
the season
whence he intended
or Turkey.
The young
to proceed to Persia
all
He
and
occupied exclusively by
christian pirates,
who
and ravaged
Coromandel,
colony of
parts of Europe,
tection,
a place
Rajah,
father's
taking
the
ships
and
selling
the
Aracan
coast.
few
faithful followers.
He
took
all
his
most valu-
e e 2
420
him
and
it
said that
is
money
His
from the
likely to suffer
it
for themselves
glad
afraid to
while so closely
it,
who was
the
to receive
went over
them
all
to Jumla,
on favourable
and
his family
Jumla
though
in security,
When
Shoojah
the
to
season
deliver
them
for sailing
to
into
hands.
his
Arabia
arrived,
he was put
off
it
but
and
became
tention to suffer
till
evident,
coast. #
He
making too
his family
were
ostentatious a display.
European.
mentioned
in
in the habit of
Para. 2,
Book
ii.
421
FATAL GENEROSITY.
palace with a
visit.
It
rank
visits
for the
of
men
besides, afraid to
sons
of his
entrust
him
quietly,
his family,
to
to get
Ameer Jumla,
It
hold of
destroy
his treasures.
all
to excuse his
The young
among
the
palace,
crowd
assembled round
richest embroideries
the
it.
Rajah's
Coming
him presents of
the rarest and
All these
the chief,
who promised
visit
and
is
demand Shoojah
in despair of ever
rejected
with indignation;
422
him and
lution to destroy
all his
family,
and get
Aracan
to
great
Rajah, and
still
his guards.
got into
it
into effect.
Sultan
The day
sword.
to
the Rajah.
as
made known
forests to
Pug an,
all
but they
Rajah could
collect,
narrow
defile
them on
bravely,
all sides.
followers
son,
they were at
last
in a
overpowered by numbers.
and
but
All his
his eldest
large stone
hill
above.
>
423
CATASTROPHE.
down in the
eunuch who attended
same manner
him, raised
up
his
but a faithful
head in
in his arms,
bound
his handkerchief,
still
all
some few of
his followers
his wife
and
seen
all
it
is
supposed
chief of the
Dutch
after
factory, in a letter
The
which Bernier
slain
and
who were
this
was con-
in the action
all
thrown into
till
and treated
prison,
were
indulged
with
more
liberty.
when they
Zeenoddeen,
own
faith,
who
prevailed
upon the
424
Mahomedans
On
conspiracy.
them
in another
attack
was to
rators,
fit
to
were
all
came
so exasperated
by
this
all-
secured before
The Rajah
be-
all
in walls of masonry,
many
his
For
still alive.
At another
Delhi.
time, he
At
from Constantinople
though pregnant
and he
is
at the time."
MOT OF OURUNGZEBE.
ally
marching at
the
through Candahar to
facetiously to say, "
425
That
his
Ourungzebe used
!"
426
CHAPTER XLV.
SECOND DEFEAT AND DEATH OF DARA, AND IMPRISONMENT
OF HIS TWO SONS.
Dara,
after
on the Indus
at Mooltan, passed
down
the
bank
left
eunuch, and he
left
body of Mahomedan
and engineers.
artillerymen
It
had been
infantry,
its
defence a good
many
with a great
men he
These
en-
his confidence.
Euro-
among
office
all
fence
of the
religion
of
up arms merely
Mahomed,
in de-
which
had
427
TOLERANCE OF DARA.
Men
always like to be
God
way
the way
in the
in
to their interests
means
all
one most
inclinations, is the
in the pursuit,
this
sanctifies all
manner of
and
relieves the
mind from
In
ment.
this
fear
and uneasiness
it
would
its
fortress of
bank of the
Indus.
river
He
was
still
closely pur-
Khan
He
had
still
Some
Bukur
mans
to
faith, in the
less intolerant.
oceans.
Mahomedan
manner
to
reli-
42S
under
command
his personal
Sultan Shoojah.
Dara, with
all
that
remained
still
him
faithful to
in-
and
at last reached
city
Ahmedabad.
when he
Moorad had
on
set out
left his
his enter-
its
capital to
him.
prince
and
in the
hope that
now
it
prevailed
showed him
assuring
him
at the
round him
force, to
He
seized
have
chiefs,
head of a well-organized
all
who
Rajah
more
letters
this
his
to
brother.
and
country
in-
terest,
When
Ahmedabad
his brother
Dara had
in safety,
reached
429
HINDOO TREACHERY.
Shoojah,
way
his
who had by
to the
capital,
him with
against
this
all
more
he marched
pressing,
available forces
his
first,
and
and
in the action
all
Dara the
if
he could, as he retired
his letters
at the
at the
his
march
rival,
the victor,
before he could recover from the loss he must sustain in the conflict with
unexpected victory,
Agra
after
the other.
Ourungzebe's
Emperor
and he
Dara,
He
when he received
letters
from
and existence of
own
to
meet
his
him not
me
it is
"
By
deserting
in supj^ort of the
clear from so
many
430
manifest interpositions, has been adopted by Providence,* you will not only save your
impending
all
ruin,
principalities
princes,
in the country
for if
of these
the
many
flock
us
the Hindoo
If,
vengeance upon
his
man whom
for-
and
camp
ment
Kujwa
at
all
;
and
to confer
you
and
fail
to be as agreeable
You have
Emperor,
for the
(for so
styled,)
to these persuasions,
upon
and
his cordial
all
the
Dara had made thirty-five marches from Ahmedabad, and was only thirty miles from Joudpore, the
* Shah Jehan
is
Moorad
me
the
army Shoojah
"I
the people
DILEMMA OF DARA.
capital of
tion
and
431
it
his defec-
He
spirits.
before
common
sent their
was
it
had
Doodeechund, a
friend
He
in vain.
clear that
he intended to do nothing.
to set in
chiefs,
fail
of the
territories
so basely deserted
him
who was
advancing rapidly from the capital, and harass him
with continual attacks for the sake of plunder.
To
attempt to retreat under so many disadvantages
retreat before the
tunity to avenge
and
to efface
his
errors
and
again,
his
follies
to continue his
mind the
at
He
own and
all his
from
"
favour.
his
mined
to
least to
might produce in
place
his father's
wrongs
bitter recollection of
Sureenugur?"
He
deter-
but on
432
position
between two
the beginning
in
hills,
of
March, 1659.
Several
unsuccessful
Ourungzebe
attempts
At
made by
were
Dara
last
said to
make
his
camp
is
off
with
all his
at a certain
if
that
might not
they
from the
suffer
of
artillery
At
making
the whole
camp apparently in
artillery
and
and
all
it
the
and the
hill carried
The
attack was
hill,
made with
which
great
FLIGHT OF DARA.
master.
selves
great confusion
Dara's
;
433
troops
from the
leaving
field
his
all
pursuit.
It
he gave
this advice,
feelings
of implacable
for
he
still
he
laid
prince,
remembered with
violent
it
advantage, however
might
it
Khan was
for a
his dis-
new Emperor.
Dara
Dara that
for
fly
Shah Newaz
left
thousand
soldiers,
who
resolved
Without a tent
fortunes.
band of
still
to adhere to his
or accommodations of
his family
and
this small
among
The wild
people
now everywhere
hostile
tribes,
hilly
which
his road
was
intersected,
to him.
and woody
and
live
tract
by
by plunder,
Khan, who
who hardly
thet,
is
ever mentions
epi-
Some other
narrators of
VOL.
I.
F F
434
murdered
every
who ventured
person
by
either
for the
few stages of
last
this dis-
women, and
bodies of men,
children,
or fatigue
thirst,
and
horses,
which had
march
from Ahmedabad, he
Three stages
him
to
much
On
in
need of one.
reaching
the
vicinity
of
Ahmedabad, the
being
still
and
his family,
and bring
in the
in his carriage,
attempting to defend
it.
His
wife, Nadira,
who was
whom
confided
he had
to the governor, to
of
435
Newaz Khan,
that he
ing,
of Shah
man
This
had, during
his absence,
say, that if
he
armed
shut,
against
This
him.
when
and
it
sobs,
and
tears into
those of
the
eyes of the
the rest
all
them.
"
in
And now
an unspeakable
upon
or
his neighbour,
what
Every
one
Soon
to one,
all
What
counsel
gone
must needs be
to mention.
Whither can he go
instantly.
had
for
my
in
Of
by
He
astonished,
?
do,
we saw
after
now speaking
was
looks
will
Dara come
confusion.
He must
be-
of the extremity he
am
going
chariot,
ther was dying, and the third was tired out, for
we had
What-
436
was
it
been
for
hurt,
me, whether
my
was obliged, to
or horse, so that he
or camel,
ox,
eyes,
there
tears in his
at most,
Dara passed
into Kutch,
where he was
;
be
at first re-
to the interest of
from Jysing
letters
said to
silver."
by
me
Ourungzebe
altered tone of his voice towards him, set out for the
fortress of
the eunuch,
still
Bahadur Khan.
his
faithful friend
In
his passage
he
lost the
and domestics
raise
he proposed to strike
off at
still
daughter,
made
of Persia." #
*
The
Persians are
all
Osman,
or Somnees.
is
The
married to a
We
Ma-
to seek assistance
way
to Bukur,
whose
life
437
from Jehan
territory, in his
He
for treason
and
rebellion,
solicitation of Dara,
dis-
He
and troops
treasure
pass
his
field.
or attempting
traitor,
an
at-
no advantage whatever
deprive
escape
left
it
would
him of
Bukur
to
homedan
lady,
all
become Ma-
all
Christians
the
mother of course
ters,
often,
to
I
suasions.
make
the
is
satisfied that
she
Protestants and
Roman
Catholics
438
would be
afraid to
move
himself, or
Dara,
still
When
left,
Having
seize
his
all
the
the treasures
armed
property,
and daughter.*
his wife
upon
make
now
Dara
band.f
fetters,
and
his
in
ele-
men
with his
bow
Mahomed Azum.
on the death of
name was
She
Her
439
He
traitor,
litter.
The
to Delhi.
when
"
When
liberated
it
was de-
Many
some disorder
was by no means
to be
might
arise
and besides
that
that,
it
that
it
done
that
to save
him
still
doubt whether
it
were
was followed
son,
This was
on,
w ith
r
gilt
harness and
against Bukur.
440
and
nasty, with
open
all
It
to defend themselves
gilt,
was an old
caitiff animal,
very dirty
pitiful seat,
to wear,
dered.
dirty,
scarf of a
Kashmere over
his
son,
In
all
this
made
to enter into
streets,
end that
all
were
"
it
he.
As
for
massacre,
at
the
boldness of
his
Sultan
son,
Moorad Buksh.
Mahomed, and
his
for
brother,
it,
and
with a good horse, and two good men, I went, together with two others of
in the greatest street
one
man had
there were
my
friends,
where he was
to place
to pass.
myself
But not
441
Khan
by
ride
his
began to
side,
him
for the
rail
traitor.
crowd of
spectators, that
wept
bitterly
cries
and throw
In a word,
is
heapen
curses,
compassion
rescue
to
him
Now,
after
stir
Hydrabad.
"
the
to tell
Ourungzebe how
him
and how
some
sedition
and
mischief.
Hereupon
another
whether
it
as
before, or
Some were
of opinion
enough
Danishmund Khan,
in pursuance
that.
of her hatred
clanger there
all his
was of
old ene-
442
mies,
first
called
being become a
afterwards,
Tukurrub Khan.
noble,
named
'
it
full
was expedient
him
for
imme-
to death
diately,
Mussulman
liever,
who had
a physician,
the sin of
it
upon
his
own head
Of which impre-
!'
time he
famous
fell
into disgrace,
fellow,
carried
manded
an
like
in-
and that
Gwa-
"
The charge of
execution was
known
to have
been
He
Sipeher Shekoh,
no sooner saw
kill us!'
knife,
'
laying
which was
My
dis-
443
now
the arms
One
him.
left
of these butchers
immediately
fell
fortress to
to
to be put in a dish,
when
which,
till
His
throat.
him under,
it
brought, he wiped
it
off
with a hand-
washed
clean,
and
weeping,
unfortunate
man
Take
it
'
Ah
fell
bed bukht
it
in the
At
Lahore
wife, she
with her
husband.
Gwalior.
and
in the
Zebonnissa
for to
come
before Ourungzebe
made over
to
Azum,
as above stated.
II.
and married
book
to
ii.)
She
Mahomed
444
in the assembly.
and
so
his deserts,
presents,
his lands,
being mur-
and sooner or
No
later
avenge them
place could be
Bukur
more
!"
was.
stages from
it
when
Jehan Khan.
It
all
the Euro-
approach,
skill
and dread of
his
it
on
his
He
faithful
mur-
it
was
said,
in
from
march
to
Gwalior
Shekoh from
prison.
all
Emperor.
gone
new
SOOLEEMAN SHEKOH.
Jysing
now wrote
of Sureenugur, urging
Many
son of Dara.
at the
445
him
up the
to surrender
eldest
to
At
peror.
last
a grant of the
between
his
Dehra Doon,
little
Sewalik range of
river
it
and the
at the eastern,
distant,
extremity.
Sooleeman Shekoh
this bargain,
snowy range
hills
river
the
Em-
at
the
and the
the western
got intimation of
was confined
in the
On
small fortress
of Suleengurh,
till
sent to
Gwalior.
all
the
At
fetters,
his
which were of
feet
were
left
* Tavernier says
silver gilt,
all
he was
it.
hill
Zemindar, of Suree-
446
"
When
physician,
this
" so
handsome and
enter, there
was seen
to
gallant,
him come
in,
fell
a weeping.
began
to
religion
Whereupon
and
lift-
if
mised him
faithfully, that
But Ourungzebe
pro-
it
nugur,
who
seized
and a
This being
Sing.
He
got the
title
said,
Ram
gift
it.
when
whom we
it
took
was
it
in
447
THE POUST.
he once more repeated the salaam
touching
and
name
the
in
of
was
which
elephant
that
after they
This poust
rest.
is
And
it is
that
monly made
to drink
thing that
it
mean
not
fit
to cut
Sipeher
it
till
they have
their understanding,
senseless.
the
let
maketh them
little
is
is
them
This
off.
And by
this
by
very means
it
is
said that
Shekoh,
January, 1661.
It
is
door of
Mahomed, and
his
own
leave
it is
Moorad Buksh
this
it is
this
!"
in
is
Afraid to
widow was made to present a petiOurungzebe, charging him with having, while
of the poust, a
tion to
son
448
in power,
and claiming
his execution
of retaliation
The
trial
justice,
death," said he, " for that only shortens the duration of
my
misery here
but
it
is
hard to be thus
Ten
years after
this,
was married
to
Azum, with
great pomp.
Mahomed
Mahomed
Sultan,
Mahomed
Suleengurh.
were
fort
of
dowry
of
four
lacks
of rupees.
to
Sultan
at the
same time,
zebe's daughters.
Mahomed
one of
Eezud
six thousand,
thousand a year.
out of confinement.
Shekoh
They were
never,
I believe, let
449
JEHANARA.
sion,
do in public
came
Long
affairs.*
The
guised amours.
ill-dis-
till
his death.
lives of the
and on
in 1666,
who
brother Ourungzebe,
restored to
her
all
the
estates
father,
yielding a revenue of
pounds sterling a
year,
million
At the first
title
visit
all
those
all
now
What
has
to forget
"
The
made you
so
we must now
try, if possible,
!"
truth
is,"
is
woman
empire
VOL.
I.
who
G G
450
knew
and being
satisfied
now
paid her
public
all
affairs.
When
Ourungzebe
perial throne,
felt
he sent
his
and their
sons,
fidelity to his
in reality for
some valua-
made to Roshunara,
Shaesta
and commander-in-chief,
him
suf-
in the Deccan,
and
Meer Khan got the government of Cabool, and Khuleeloolah Khan that of
Lahore Meer Baba that of Allahabad, and Lushkur
Khan that of Behar. Danishmund Khan was made
governor of Delhi, and Deeanut Khan of Cashmere.
Nijabut Khan, who had done great service in the
afterwards in Bengal.
battles of
ing,
in consequence.
some
forces
as
Jeswunt
commandant of
but justly sus-
pected of being in league with the enemy, the celebrated Sewajee, the founder of the Mahratta empire,
DEATH OF JYSING.
in his daring attack
called,
and sent to
451
his
own
re-
and died
at Ber-
g g 2
452
CHAPTER
XLVI.
Ameer Jumla
kingdom
for himself.
Emperor
As a
pre-
to allow his
his designs
and, to prevent
whom
dignity of
He
Ameer
his wife
ing a dynasty.
him
so
all his
hopes of found-
made
it
INVASION OF ASSAM.
453
imperial court.
these appointments
and
object in
They penetrated
it
to
Muthura-
spirit,
drove in
the
disease
all
country.
and
the detach-
They were
Decem-
in advance,
for the
payment
of the balance.f
The Rajah
of
Asham,
or Assam,
was
his having
marched an army
The
fifteen for
whom
silver,
twenty
ele-
five for
this occasion
454
On
Ameer Jumla
set
He
passed
through
Gonputlee,
whence
Rusheed Khan,
to
and
Kujalee
he
Pandoo,
detached a
Kamroop; and
near
under
force,
another, under
He
wards Khizerpore.
ill,
to-
and within
The Emperor,
April, 1662.
the
first
announced, said
have
lost
but,
at the
ever had.
Be
them the
me
a father."
office,
With
They
augmented
this
friend I
did so
he con-
his pension,
and
much
following
is
lived to
respected.
a sketch
of the character of
Golconda, by Tavernier,
less
greatest,
Ameer Jumla,
"
and I the
The
mense wealth.
in the
You,
district of
"
an excellent father;
always find in
left
often.
him
affairs.
several times
and
while he gave
455
AMEER JUMLA.
out several dispatches at the same time, as
he had
i.
Nawab, and
us,
dities
if
to
concerning
know what
the commo-
But then he
him.
told us
For
man
in
taken, he
is
prison,
is
is
is
immediately executed
And
acquitted.
nature
"
The 15th
him
again,
tent,
immediately decided.
in the
morning we went
to wait
upon
where he
two
sitting,
number of papers
his
by him.
secretaries
as soon
is
let
it will, it is
it
sticking
tailors,
between
with a
his
toes,
which
his
toes,
and ordered
secretaries
them
to read them,
sealed
them
After
himself, giving
others to horsemen
for
some
and
letters
to foot messengers,
all
all
over
456
more speed than those which are carried by horsemen. While we stayed with the Nawab,
certain officers came to tell him, that they had
India, go with
He
tent.
commanded
but by-and-by,
all
of a sudden he
in,
and
after
whom he
him
still
army came
to tender their
He
and
feet cut
off,
and to be cast
Nawab
for
which
know
not
were cut
at a little leisure,
other
commands
off.
He
perceived him
When we
upon
us,
fitting to
and whether he
be shown to the
his
to Golconda,
AMEER JUMLA.
and that
And
his letter
ries
horsemen
to
upon the
457
convey
road."
us,
he ordered us sixteen
i.
chap, xviii.)
458
CHAPTER
XLVII.
The
is
between the
it,
destroying
and nephews
his brothers
all
which succeeded
it,
in
and that
which Mouz-
the same
*
On
;*
and
it
commanded
in the Deccan,
Azim was
marched
to
killed near
empire.
Hydrabad
On
in the Deccan,
his death,
Kham
to
Buksh,
and secured
The
victor
whom
he
to himself the
contended in the same manner for the throne at the head of the
armies of their respective viceroyalties.
crafty,
Azeemoshan,
whom
allies
Moizoddeen then
LAW OF PRIMOGENITURE.
459
violate
as criminal.
it
perty,
as
among
only
sacred,
the sons
civil
divided equally
is
makes no provision
in consequence, fol-
is,
their
is
put
all his
they are
and he who
made
own
it
command
armies, cannot,
is
Circumstances which
gerous.
vourable to
brothers
may
to
those
of
fa-
their
success of
more wary
flattered into
ability
may
both
more daring
an overweening confidence
filled
by
own
and
all
their
each
in his
is
own
crimes,
now
reads those of
460
Iris
"
Gibbon has
children.
The
when
it
vii.)
has ob-
distinctions
all
The acknowledged
among mankind.
right extin-
we owe
ful succession
To the
the frequent
civil
is
fathers.
tion
defeat of
we must
attribute
Yet even
it,
way
is
house
the peace-
monarchies.
despot
se-
To the
is
and
as soon as the
string,
meaner
subjects."
Among
is
his
among the
among them,
considered
sons
as
but a principality
an exception to
this
is,
rule
estate,
sidered a principality.
primogeniture
is
is
con-
and the
who
his sons.
The
feel-
reli-
FIEFS OF
461
THE HINDOOS.
giously sacred,
tempt of any of
his brothers
to
invade
moment
for
at the atit.
The
supposing
feel
their
for
which they
own
as towards his
feels
towards them
All the
children.
at-
members of
mony.
In the
laws,
usages,
we had
is
bane of
but un-
them.
and subject
ture
it
strictly to
was a
fief,
money
or in kind, to
and Nerbudda
in such leases
territories,
was
in force
462
of maintaining
all
and above
brothers aid
tained by
him
him
all,
his mother.
unmarried
his
in the
till
all
to the
and
is
when a
adjusted by
separates from the parent stock, from that time forfeits for
ever
all
Next,
it is
civil
war, count
upon
is
observed by
King John,
sides in a
Hume,
in England,
civil
" That
men
easily
change
is
and
is
of the people"
or the nation
that
;
for
is,
collectively,
King
fidelity
of
same manner
as that of the
to
the
Hindoo
but
it
chiefs of
was without
it.
The Hindoo
terri-
;;
463
FEUDALITY IN INDIA.
torial chiefs,
like the
estates
upon whose
all
fidelity
what-
rely,
civil
war
left at
their disposal,
upon them.
felt,
Under such
governments they
settled
and the stronger that arm the stronger was their desire
to use
it
The
them
pomp
of pride
in marriage.
duties,
all their
and
forces,
his territories
monial
alliances, unless
we were
be desirable to
them by matri-
it
to
the ban
of
the empire.
if
we could
464
rely
upon
of need
and
this I
be the duty of
it
contribute
to the
all
fended from
is,
it is
all
external danger, as
it
most assuredly
more
tablishments
suited to
its
and thereby
to impair the
to the pre-
and
We give
security.
without
always
it,
office
in
the best
India
the people of
upon the
They
will
These assurances
now everywhere
thoroughly
able governor
while
government
states
and never
rights,
rule,
to India
all
is
character,
465
MAHOMEDAN GOVERNMENT.
but upon every change that he
may make
in
his
ministers.
essentially military,
one of military
office.
upon
offices
lands,
collected
great proprietor of
and distributed
Koran
in his
own lawyer
the
all
rents
their
else
hand was
his
own
priest
and
his
or literature, by which
and
all
There were,
or manufacin
short,
no
at the will
* In
could rise to
establishments.
men
Capital
men
art,
Rome,
as in
Egypt and
India,
many
If a
man
an income, though
all
derived benefit.
There was no
capital in-
and
many
distribution of
VOL.
I.
H H
466
five
and supply the incomes of many of the most useful and most
enlightened members of their middle and higher classes of society.
first
them.
Still
till
in
profit,
Man
from explaining
capital in hordes of
slaves,
vinces
and tributary
the aristocracies of
states,
senatorial
The
generally.
chiefly
by lend-
enable
The
and
them
slaves
number
to
to
money
throughout the
Roman
classes,
ploying them.
what
days.
who
demanded.
for the
members of
middle
interest, to
most part
They were
to
those classes in
Some Roman
citizens
had
as
&c,
are to those of
many
modern
Rome.
Julius Caesar
hundred pair
dred and
had
this
number
and never
less
to give five
fifty.
In India, slavery
is
happily but
little
known
In
and
all
its
civil
contract,
it
nor
branches of
was
to the
MAHOMEDAN ARMY.
pended entirely on
467
employment
their subsistence,
for
is
In our
and
the soldiers
all
in
action, will
who
be immediately
Mahomedan
the
com-
by
filled
In
dispute.
vvill
same
In
all
to the support of
little
divided
among
those
in canals, aqueducts,
&c,
machinery
the
minutely sub-
are
made by governis
nowhere
church
their
much
is
Capital
aris-
it
cultivate
bridges, roads,
is
an
is
con-
without a
the government.
The
rule
command
always
is
it
is
known
None of
that
all will
H H 2
as
it
468
of rank.
the chief
whom
moment made
him
so.
civil war,
As
his
killed,
they instantly
whom
might
he
dis-
they
on the same
terms.
The Hindoo
had here-
commonly
distributed on
office
to
depend upon
any competition
it
for dominion.
whom
under
make
the star
some
plausible
and serve
excuse to
When
his banners.
for his
MAHOMEDAN ARMY.
own
and those of
life
throne could be
man
his children
by only one
filled
469
the imperial
man
and that
His
alive.
all his
own
The
sub-
father
in
and
such employments
all
struggle.
is
in the
rather
many
that their
might
The
follow.
their laws
and
have no
result could
institutions
As
and
little
upon
effect
upon
their in-
formed to weather the storm to which they are constantly liable at sea, so
village
com-
by land
and
much accustomed
two no
traces
to
recover from.
man
his trade,
fertility
carried
The
was
away with
470
and
accommodation.
communities, when
little
left
the
their
land
taxes,
Arrian
violence.
these
of
was
unmolested,
members
in
Each
in
itself sufficient to
wanted from
clothing?
and
government was,
all
they
moderation
says,
" If
deemed
it is
harvest.
kill
and
wage war
against
among
affairs
nient, while
followers
much more
am
afraid
disposed to forbearance
untouched,
merely because
sudden
rise
moral and
political
vitality
they
heard of their
with which
necessity
regard to the
degree
common
husbandmen
"
No enemy
all
other provisions."
Book
ii.
chap. 3.
471
MAHRATTA CONFEDERACY.
During the early part of
his life
and
reign,
Ourung-
two independent kingdoms of Golconda and Beejapore in the Deccan, which he formed into two pro-
governed by viceroys.
vinces
The
pendent.
and
officers
inde-
depend upon
for
their
no
Finding
subsistence.
life,
property,
and
in-
upon the
their
and
kingdoms and
life
in
The
or
all
its
the
members
onality,
one
is
and direct
common
all
object.
their efforts
when
federacy
the
rest
required to
commandants of predatory
camps
in the
name
and conquered
472
Peshwa.
There
nationality left
not
is
among
now
collectively or individually.
est feeling of
There
is
public
establishments, he
who most
heartily
detest
and
religions
India,
sects,
gathered from
all
men
of
all
quarters of
These
is
where he
with his
serves,
chief.
provision
wounds or
either
nor
is
in,
Not one
the country
old age,
himself,
when
disabled
from
life
in his service.
473
CHAPTER XL VIII.
THE GREAT DIAMOND OF KOHINOOR.
The
foregoing historical
large a space in
it
occupies
too
personal narrative
to
episode
but
still
am tempted
to
append
the Mountain of
Shah Jehan,
it
Persia,
who invaded
Mahomed
Shah, in the
reign
of
year 1738.
mad
fits,
had
when he was
gave the
mud
who
Shah,
the Abdalee,
commanded
the
Ah-
Anghan
474
the
With
this chest,
he and
the
haste to
all
Khan on
way
tribute of the
to Nadir Shah's
five provinces
his
his
Indian
news of
first
treasure, and,
little
w hich he
Afghanistan, over
Ahmud
five provinces,
and
independent kingdom of
long reigned, and from
by a
after
relief,
son,
his eyes
faction.
to his
Tymoor Shah,
in marriage to
diamond, since
could
it
whom
he took the
could be of no use to a
no longer see
Tymoor
the daughter of
its
beauties
He
man who
established
and
his
own
residence at
He was
youngest
succeeded by Tymoor
Shah,
475
MOUNTAIN OF LIGHT.
commanded
him
He
into confinement.
con-
a hole
As soon
dagger.
as
made
and the
rest of
Mahmood
received intimation
Zuman Shah
had
Two
years after
of his
He
territories
and
upon a
liberal
by our government.
territories of the
Sikh
On
their
chief,
this
great
diamond,
the
476
mountain of
a
little
body,
mind and
made
to surrender
Mahmood was
fortress
light,
it
his son
Kamran
who bequeathed
med, a man,
reign,
it
to his son
Dost Maho-
house of
Ahmud Shah
Abdalee.
covering
it
and
we would not
as
themselves of so
ing in India.
ally,
assist
him
in re-
he thought himself
of those
who were
eager to
avail
an occasion to establish a
fair
foot-
festly incompatible
we were
obliged, in self
him
number
to re-
of legal
ancestors.
chiefs
who
fall
of the
neighbours.
being
now
established
of the British
throughout
the
MOUNTAIN OF LIGHT.
they
country,
are
477
prevented
longer
in
employ
such
sporting
But these
much
dis-
army have
tail
caval-
But the
said
motion
and conquest,
live in the
of
hope of some
to
They
government.
civil
and pro-
for wealth
disaster to the
paramount
and hopes
all
of the
and threatraise
their
all
branches of peaceful
industry.
There
of thousands
who have
lived
ment
These would
all flock
478
them a
fair
prospect
lawless chief
;
moment
who could
of plunder and to them
wars are delightful. The
first
north-west, they
whet
their swords,
and look
fiercely
The above
upon.
I received a narrative of
it
Loodheeana
full
who commanded
the troops
new names
END OF VOL.
I.
LONDON:
PlilNTF.D
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J.
PALURR4 SAVOY
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22
M 1111! T
2>aySLHaghe
tetta i^Veai
RECOLLECTIONS OF CEYLON,
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