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d 1
[1 cos ]
D 2
2
/2
/2
d
r
360 sin
[1
]
D R
2
2/3
v 360 sin
1
V
2
q
sin 360 sin
Q 360 2
2
2/3
d/D
a/A
v/V
q/Q
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.9
0.949
1.124
1.066
0.8
0.858
1.140
0.988
0.7
0.748
1.120
0.838
0.5
0.5
1.000
0.500
0.4
0.373
0.902
0.337
1 2 / 3 1/ 2
v r s
n
a D
360 sin
r [1
]
p 4
2
s
1000
Velocity at partially full flow
Velocity at full flow
v 360 sin
1
V
2
2/3
After finding the minimum slope required, the pipe size is decided on the basis
of ultimate design peak flow rate and the permissible depth of flow. Adoption
of the above slopes would ensure minimum flow velocity of 0.6 m/s
What will be the diameter of the sewer designed with the following
conditions:
a) Population to be served is 100,000;
b) Water consumption= 180 lpcd
c) 80 % of supplied water appears as wastewater
d) Self-cleansing velocity to maintained in the sewer = 0.6 m/s;
e) Maximum velocity in the sewer 3 m/s;
f) Minimum size of the sewer = 150 mm;
g) Peak factor = 2.5
h) n=0.015
d/D
a/A
v/V
q/Q
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
0.9
0.949
1.124
1.066
0.8
0.858
1.140
0.988
0.7
0.748
1.120
0.838
0.5
0.5
1.000
0.500
0.4
0.373
0.902
0.337
STEP 1. Find out the average flowrate and maximum flow rate
Average Discharge or flowrate = 130,000 people * 130 lpcd * 0.8
= 0.156 cum/s
Peak Flowrate = 2.5* 0.156 cum/s = 0.391 cum/s = 391 L/s
Q = A.V
D
A
4
1 2 / 3 1/ 2
V R s
n
D 2
R
A
D
4
P D
4
1D
Q A.V
*
4 n 4
2
2/3
* s1 / 2
Q=0.391 m3/s
S= 0.001
1 D
Q A.V
* *
4 n 4
1
D
*
*
4 0.015 4
2
n =0.015
2/3
* s1 / 2
2/3
* (0.001)1/ 2 0.391
D 8 / 3 0.595
D (0.595) 3 / 8 0.823 m
Say, D = 800 mm
Q
0.391
V
0.778m / s
2
A * (0.8)
4
>0.6 m/s
(OK)
O.K.
At the average flowrate q,
q/Q =(1/2.5)=0.4
From the proportionality table, extrapolating, v/V = 0.96
>0.6 m/s
O.K.