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January | February 2010

Feature title: Utilization of spray-dried Hemoglobin powder in Shrimp feeds

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F: Ingredient F: Ingredient
Table 2: Spray dried Hemoglobin
powder shows a higher digestibility
than Poultry blood meal and
Porcine blood meal. This is due to
the spray-drying, which doesn't
denature the proteins.

Sample/Origin DH%

Utilization of Poultry blood meal 1.71

spray-dried Hemoglobin powder


Porcine blood meal 1.45

Spray dried Hemoglobin


9.76
powder

in Shrimp feeds Soybean meal (as


reference)
3.38

by Eric De Muylder1, Leon Claessens2, Marjorie Roux2, Carine van Vuure3 and Geert van der Velden3 The assay is based on the breakage However, it is not possible to make with actual shrimp growth, even better than
1CreveTec bvba, www.crevetec.be, 2Aquaculture Farming Technology, www.aquaculture-ft.com 3Sonac BV, www.sonac.biz of peptide bonds of ingredient protein a 100 percent relation between degree apparent digestibility or amino acid balance.
through digestive enzyme action. The of hydrolysis and apparent digest- The Hemoglobin powder (HGP) was
degree of hydrolysis (DH%) obtained is ibility measurements. The degree of included in two inclusion levels: three and

A
proportional to the number of peptide hydrolysis can be better used as relative six percent, along with a reference diet
s a result of the scarceness This is especially true for more car- enzymes associated with shrimp also differ
bonds cleaved (Ezquerra et al., 1997; comparison. without HGP (See table). Fishmeal content
of fishmeal and higher nivorous fish species or for aquatic species from other aquatic organisms. Therefore, it
Lemos et al., 2000). However, Lemos and Nunes (2007) showed was reduced from 14 to 6.1 percent. Fish
demand, resulting in with a rudimentary digestive system such is important to evaluate ingredient digest-
This degree of hydrolysis is related to the that the degree of hydrolysis of commercials oil was adjusted to achieve the same lipid
increasing prices, there is as larval fish, juveniles and shrimp. ibility with shrimp enzymes.
apparent digestibility of the feed or ingredient. shrimp feed brands had the best correlation content for all diets.
a growing interest to replace fishmeal Protein digestion in shrimp digestive
with other protein sources. Animal proteins tract was simulated through the reaction of
Processed animal proteins are a valu- ingredient protein and shrimp proteolytic
Vegetable protein sources are widely avail-
able source of proteins and should be enzymes. Enzymes from the hepatopancreas
able but the replacement of fishmeal by considered as alternative protein source in (digestive gland) of Litopenaeus vannamei

r
Contact us bfoout
those vegetable proteins is limited in some those diets. Hemoglobin powder needs to were employed in the present analysis.
aquatic species.The main nutritional problems be considered because of its high protein

more info apowder


associated with higher utilisation of vegetable
content.
protein sources are unbalanced amino acid In larval fish, carnivorous fish and shrimp
Table 1: Hemoglobin powder has a

Hemoglobin
profile, lower digestibility of amino acids, high
the availability of proteins and amino acids
high level of Lysine, but is deficient in
fiber content, presence of anti-nutritional is a limiting factor for growth. Hemoglobin Methionine. However, this deficiency is
factors and low availability of phosphorus. powder is spray-dried, resulting in a non- compensated by its higher digestibility.
denatured product with a
higher digestibility. Amino acid
The goal – This was to test as % of HGP Shrimp
requirement
the inclusion of Hemoglobin protein
powder (HGP) in feeds for
shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
mainly to replace fishmeal. Arginine 4.0 5.8
Digestibility and composi- Histidine 7.8 2.1
tion - Amino acid content
of Hemoglobin Powder is Isoleucine 0.5 3.4 SO NATURAL
compared with amino acid Leucine 13.5 5.4
requirements of shrimp,
expressed as percentage of Valine 9.2 4.0 Natural ingredients for aqua feed • Pro-Bind Plus, a nutritional, gelatin based pellet binder,
protein (D'Abramo et al, Lysine 9.0 5.3 Whether you’re looking for a natural EU especially for pelleted (shrimp) feed.
1997) and USDA approved pellet binder for your • Blood meal, a fish meal alternative, especially for
Degree of hydrolysis Phenylalanine 6.9 4.0 production of stable pellets or nature’s best carnivorous fish species.
"In larval fish, carnivorous fish and shrimp the (DH%) of various blood meals Methionine 0.7 2.4
alternatives for fish meal, you can contact • Muco-Pro®, high contents of natural proteins,
availability of proteins and amino acids is a limiting Shrimp are poor digesters. Sonac. Sonac produces valuable and essential amino acids and peptides.
factor for growth. Hemoglobin powder is spray-dried, Cystine 0.7 1.2 ingredients for the production of aqua feed. • Hemoglobin Powder, high protein content and good
Their digesting system is rudi-
digestibility, for better feed conversion
resulting in a non-denatured product with a higher mentary and a lot of nutrients Threonine 3.1 3.6 www.sonac.biz
digestibility" can pass their digestive system
Tryptophan 1.4 0.8
without being assimilated. The

18 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | January-February 2010 January-February 2010 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 19


F: Ingredient F: Ingredient
The average weight of the
shrimp receiving some HGP
in their diet was lower during
the first weeks of the experi-
ment. However, when shrimp
were bigger, there was an
increase in growth resulting
in a better result for shrimp
receiving three percent HGP
in the diet.

Growth results of
the shrimp show
the same trend
Now we can see that the
growth of the three percent
HGP was better than the
reference diet during week four and five, and FCR. The inclusion of six percent give
resulting in an overall better performance. almost similar results as the reference More inforMation:
The shrimp receiving six percent HGP diet and could be an economic valuable Mr Geert van der Velden
had a slightly slower growth, but certainly option. Kanaaldijk Noord 20-21
not significantly different. It seems that bigger shrimp (>10 5691 NM Son
The feed conversion ratio g) have a better ability to cope with The Netherlands
Tel: + 31 499 364826
(FCR) follows the same trend: the inclusion of HGP in the diet. This
Mob: + 31 651 063301
Again, we observe a very good FCR for could be due to an improved digest- Fax: + 31 499 373873
all diets. This means that feeding gift was ibility system or a better adaptation of Email: geertvandervelden@sonac.biz
optimal and the feeds were not given in the digestive system to the presence
excess. This is important to note because of HGP in the diet.
a deficiency will show faster if FCR is low. For optimal
Shrimp nected to a biofloc reactor. Water quality Results results, it is
31 shrimp were acclimatized in the is maintained through bioflocs and is the All shrimp showed very good growth Conclusions recommended
nets during one week. They were than same in all nets. (>1,5 g/week) during the experiment Hemoglobin Powder shows a high to include three
measured and the trial starter. Shrimp were There are four replicates for each diet. and more than doubled their individual protein content and a good digestibility. percent HGP
obtained from the Happy Shrimp farm and Each net was stocked with 31 shrimp of weight at start. The digestibility of an ingredient is the in diets for
transferred to AFT. The shrimp trial lasted 6g each.
most important quality parameter for Litopenaeus van-
for five weeks. some aquatic species, which will result in namei shrimp.
Table 3
Measurements a better feed conversion. Hemoglobin
Experimental system during trial Raw Material : reference Hemo 3 Hemo 6
The replacement of fishmeal in the Powder is
There are 12 nets of 150 L. The nets are At the start and each
diet of Litopenaeus vannamei by HGP at produced by
submerged in a bigger tank, which is con- week, the shrimp were
Corn gluten 11 11 11 three percent results in improved growth SONAC BV.
weighted together and
Danish fishmeal 14 10,05 6,1
counted, to have the
Squid meal 4 4 4
"The replacement of fishmeal average weight and total
biomass. Feeding gift was Hemoglobin powder 92P 3 6
in the diet of Litopenaeus adjusted daily according Rapeseed meal 12 12 12
to an expected growth
Wheat flour 31,4 32,05 32,7
vannamei by HGP at three curve and average weight
Soybean meal 16 16 16
from last measurement.
percent results in improved At the end of Fish oil 3,4 3,7 4
the experiment, all Other 8,2 8,2 8,2
growth and FCR" shrimp were weighed Total 100 100 100
individually.

Water quality Composition reference Hemo 3 Hemo 6


DO was more than
6 ppm at all times.
Protein 37,99 38,00 38,01
Temperature was
Lipids 8,56 8,57 8,58
between 27.2 and 27.7 °C
Salinity was kept HUFA 0,80 0,82 0,84
between 14 and 15ppt. pH Fibers 2,95 2,92 2,90
was between 7.3 and 7.7 Ash 6,50 5,99 5,47

20 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | January-February 2010 January-February 2010 | InternatIonal AquAFeed | 21


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Evaluation of Fishmeal
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Utilization of spray-dried
Hemoglobin powder
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