ARTIFICIAL PASSENGER
ABSTRACT
As you go about the affair of living,
you put your life safe and luxurious with all
the available resources. An artificial
passenger(AP) is designed to make long solo
journeys safer and more bearable. It is
capable of keeping the driver awake while
driving during a long trip. 30 percent of road
accidents occur annually only due to the drivers
fatigue and drowsiness. So, a software has been
developed in car -systems that chats to you,
chooses your music, tells you jokes and sounds
alarms when you foul up. The AP is not an
inflatable automation that sits in the
passengers seat but it is an AI based
companion that will be resident in software
and chips embedded in the automobile
dashboard. Our paper suggests that we can
make predictions about various aspects of
driver’s performance based on what we glean
from movements of driver’s eyes and thus reduce
accidents.
1. INTRODUCTION
Recently a study revealed that Driver
fatigue causes at least 100,000 crashes, 1,500
fatalities, and 71,000 injuries annually,
according to estimates prepared by the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration,
which estimated further that the annual cost
to the economy due to property damage and
lost productivity is at least $12.5 billion.
Researchers like Dr.kanevsky , Dr.wlodek
zadrozny, set to work on an invention that
would relieve the loneliness of long
distance solo drivers and that would help
in cutting the figure of accidents to certain
extent. Such software is nick named as an
ARTIFICIAL PASSENGER (AP).
A leading cause of traffic accidents is
by drivers who fall asleep at the wheel. There
exist various devices designed to prevent drivers
from falling asleep. For example, one
conventional device includes a miniature system
installed in a driver's hat, to measure the slope of
the driver's head. If the slope of the driver's head
exceeds a predetermined threshold, a loud
audible signal is generated to awaken the driver.
The problem with such a prevention system is
that the driver can lose control of the car several
moments before his head changes position.
Various other methods have been tried, for
example, the use of stimulation drinks (e.g.,
coffee and tea) and tablets for preventing drivers
from sleeping during such situations. However,
all such methods have not been successful.
ARTIFICIAL PASSENGER (AP) is a device
that would be used in a motor vehicle to
make sure that the driver stays awake. AP is
an intelligent presence packed into the dashboard
electronics.
2. ORGANISATION
IBM has developed a prototype of AP that
holds a conversation with a driver, telling
jokes and asking questions intended to
determine whether the driver can respond
alertly enough. The company(IBM) is in
discussions with people in the car industry
about developing the system in part as a
segment of a broader platform for artificial
intelligence devices. Assuming the IBM
approach, an artificial passenger would use a
microphone for the driver and a speech
generator and the vehicle's audio speakers to
converse with the driver. The conversation
would be based on a personalized profile of the
driver. A camera could be used to evaluate
the driver's 'facial state' and a voice analyzer
to evaluate whether the driver was becoming
drowsy. If a driver seemed to display too
much fatigue, the artificial passenger might
be programmed to open all the windows,
sound a buzzer, increase background music
volume, or even spray the driver with ice
water.
The heart of the system is a
conversation planner that holds a profile of you,
including details of your interests and profession.
When activated, the AP uses the profile to cook
up provocative questions such as, “Who was the
first person you dated?” via a speech generator
and in-car speakers. A microphone picks up your
answer and breaks it down into separate words
with speech-recognition software. A camera built
into the dashboard also tracks your lip
movements to improve the accuracy of the
speech recognition. A voice analyzer then looks
for signs of tiredness by checking to see if the
answer matches your profile. Slow responses and
a lack of intonation are signs of fatigue.
If you reply quickly and
clearly, the system judges you to be alert and
tells the conversation planner to continue the line
of questioning. If your response is slow or
doesn’t make sense, the voice analyzer assumes
you are dropping off and acts to get your
attention and wakes you up by opening a
window, sounding a buzzer - or spraying you
with icy water. Another ploy the AP may try is
to surprise the driver by switching radio stations
or even telling a joke.
3. HOW IT WORKS
The basic block diagram of the dialogue
car system comprises a speech recognition
circuit, language processor, speech analyzer
and conversion planner. This is illustrated in
the below figure.
Speech Natural Speech
recognition language generator
circuit processor circuit.
.
Output
Conversation
Analyzer
planner
A dialog car system comprising: a
speech recognition circuit, operative to receive
words an sounds uttered by a drive of a vehicle,
and to produce decoded voice signals
corresponding to said words and sounds, a
natural language processor coupled to receive
said decoded voice signals output by speech
recognition circuit, and being operative to
process and produce responses based on said
decoded voice signals, a speech generator,
responsive to an output derived from said natural
language processor, for generating speech for the
driver to hear so as to carry on a dialog with the
driver, an analyzer, coupled to said natural
language processor and said speech recognition
circuit, for analyzing the words and sounds
uttered by the drive and to determine whether the
drive is alert or about to fall asleep and a
conversational planner, coupled to an output of
said driver analyzer for planning the type and
content of speech to generate by said speech
generator, wherein said conversational planner
comprises means for receiving indications of
conditions of the driver, means for continuing
the dialog when said conditions of the driver are
within an acceptable level, and means for
changing the dialog when at least one of said
conditions of the driver is outside an acceptable
level.
4. NATURAL LANGUAGE
PROCESSOR
Parsing Semantic Situation
Module Processor Module
Formal text
Module
Decision Meaningful
Secondary making Response
text module tree
Third text
Module
Fig: Natural language processor
Natural language processor
comprises a parsing module which receives said
decoded voice signals including text data from
said speech recognition circuit, for parsing
structure of said text data to produce structural
descriptions of said text; a semantic processor,
coupled to an output of said parsing module, for
interpreting semantic content of each phrase
output by said parsing module, a situation
module, coupled to an output of said semantic
processor, for relating an output of said semantic
processor to one of a plurality of situations
stored in a first memory module, a formal text
module responsive to an output of said semantic
processor for generating a formal representation
of phrases, including logical structures and
correlations between verbs and nouns, a second
memory module for storing a list of operations
that can be performed with formal sentences
from said formal text module; a third memory
module for storing a list of possible replies to
decoded voice signals received from the driver; a
decision tree coupled to said situation module;
formal text module; second memory module,
third memory module, for processing and
producing meaningful responses, and outputting
said meaningful responses to said conversational
planner.
 5. ANALYSER
Driver analyzer comprises:
input means for receiving an input data stream,
including voice and text data; a time evaluator,
coupled to said input means, for time stamping
said voice and text data corresponding to when
the driver receives a voice prompt and when the
driver answers, and for evaluating the length of
time to respond to an inquiry. An answer
evaluator, coupled to say input means, for
evaluating said input data stream, determining
whether said input data stream matches a
predetermined set of possible answers, and
grading said input data stream on a scale.
Time Answer Voice
Evaluator Evaluator pattern
Evaluator
A voice pattern evaluator, coupled to say
input means, for matching said input data stream
with a predetermined set of voice patterns to
detect one or more characteristics of said input
data stream.
6. CONVERSATIONAL PLANNER
An intelligent text
processor, coupled to an input of said
conversational planner, for producing various
types of dialog to be considered by said
conversational planner to be included in the
dialog with the driver; and a car media, coupled
to say intelligent text processor, being operative
to produce audio programming information
based on a plurality of sources. Car media
comprises means for receiving programming
information from a plurality of sources. The
system further comprising means for recognizing
a certain word or series of words in said
programming information, to allow predefined
audio programming to be selected and
transferred to said conversational planner.
Intelligent text
Processor
Alarm
Conversational
Car Planner
media
Sources
profile
Analyzer
The system further comprising means
for recognizing a certain word or series of words
in said programming information, to allow
predefined audio programming to be selected
and transferred to said conversational planner.
Plurality of sources includes one or more of
audio tapes, audio books, CD player units, DVD
player units, telephonic communications, radio,
sites on the internet, and remote audio input
planner. It further comprises an alarm, coupled
to an output of said conversational planner, and
being activated to produce an alarm when said
conversational planner detects that the driver is
about to fall asleep, wherein said alarm includes
at least one of the following: an audio alarm, a
visual alarm, and physically impacting the
driver. It further comprises a driver profile
module for storing information particular to the
driver, wherein said conversational planner is
responsive to said information stored in said
driver profile module for planning the type and
content of dialog with the driver
7. ARTIFICIAL VOICE SYSTEM
 Artificial voice system uses a The described AP fulfills all the objectives
compressed air tank which forces air into a and has all the advantages .Many modifications
plastic voice-box chamber, where it makes may take place such as the dialog system can
rubber "vocal cords" vibrate (see diagram). The be portable or a handheld device, and be
basic sounds generated in the voice box are then easily adapted to other applications. The
fed to a flexible tube that mimics a human vocal dialog system will be applicable to other
tract the sound this produces depends on the situations where the individual(s) must stay
speed of the airflow, the tension of the rubber alert, such as security guards, operators at
vocal cord and the shape of the vocal tract's nuclear plants or other types of plants or
cross-section. The tract is made from a flexible manufacturing facilities, pilots of airplanes,
silicone tube, so that motor- powered rams trains, ships and so on.
positioned along it can alter its shape. Our
throats and mouths work in a similar way to
damp out certain frequencies generated by the 9. REFERENCES
vocal cords.
[1] WWW.PATENTSTORM.US
[2] WWW.NEWSCIENTIST.COM
[3] WWW.WIKIPEDIA.COM
8. CONLUSION
[4] W.G.LEHNERT - BORIS –AN
In future we might see the cars EXPERIMENT IN IN-DEPTH
equipped with artificial passengers moving UNDERSTANDING OF NARRATIVES,
on the roads whose main objective is to cut ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.
the figure of accidents which occur due to
the drivers fatigue , to a greater extent