RADIATIVE HEAT

TRANSFER (ME 672)

HOMEWORK 4
(Q 3.3 and Q 5.10)

Name: Eldwin Djajadiwinata

Student ID: 434107763
Lecturer: Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz Almujahid

Question 3.3
Given:

Find:
Relevant ratio of absorbtance to emittance for solar incidence of

off-normal and collector

temperature of 400 K.
Solution:
We will first find the total-hemispherical emittance as follows.

(1)

Based on the above equation, Eq. (1), we need to find

Since

in order to obtain the

(2)

is not a function of

, it can be taken out from the

integration. Furthermore, the

black body intensity is diffuse (independent of direction). Thus, it can be completely taken
out of the integration and cancel out between the

at the numerator and that at the

denominator.

(3)

For

(4)

(5)
(

For

(6)
Substitute Eq. (5) and (6) into Eq. (1)

(7)
(

)]

From the blackbody radiation function table (Table 12.1, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass
Transfer 6th edition, Incropera et al.) we get:
At

Hence, the total-hemispherical emittance is:

[

(8)

Now, let us find the absorptance. Since the sun irradiates the surface from only one direction,
but over the entire spectrum, we need to find the total, directional absorptance at angle of
off-normal. Accepting the fact that under any conditions

(p.763-764, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer 6th edition, Incropera et al.)
one can write

Let us find the total, directional absorptivity,

)
(

off-normal

at angle of

)
)

(9)

)
(

(10)
[

)]

at suns temperature of 5800 K

At

Substitute into Eq. (10)

(11)

Finally relevant ratio of absorptance to emittance is

(12)

Question 5.10

Given:
Both pipe isothermal at
Both pipes are diffusely emitting and reflecting with
The duct wall is isothermal at
The duct wall is diffusely emitting and reflecting with
Find:
Radiative heat loss from the pipes
Assumption:
The pipes and duct wall surfaces are gray surfaces and, thus,
Solution:
We let both pipes denoted as surface 1 and 2 and the duct wall as surface 3. The flux
equations for net radiative exchange within a gray, diffuse enclosure is as follows.

Equation for i = 1

Realizing that

(no external radiation);

have the same temperature); and

(surfaces 1 and 2

; the equation becomes

(13)

Substituting the given values into Eq. (13) we obtain

(

(14)

Equation for i = 2

Realizing that

(no external radiation);

have the same temperature); and

(surfaces 1 and 2

; the equation becomes

(15)

Substituting the known values into Eq. (15) we obtain

(

(16)

Equation for i = 3

Again, realizing that

(no external radiation) and

the equation

becomes

)
(17)

Substituting the known values into Eq. (17) we obtain

Since

, and

(18)

are given, it remains to find the view factors to solve for

, and

from Eq.

(14), (16), and (18).

Finding view factors
symmetric geometrical configuration.
is found using equations given in Table 13.1 (two parallel cylinders configuration), p.
816, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, 6th edition, Incropera et al.

From summation rule

where is the length of the pipes and duct wall.

Due to symmetric configuration, one can conclude that

From summation rule again we get

Solving Eq. (14), (16), and (18) in conjunction with the obtained view factors above, we will get
, and

. We will solve these set of equations using EES software (attached at the end of this home

work).
We obtain

The heat loss rate is

To validate this result we will check the heat absorbed by the duct which must match the heat
loss from the pipe.
(

It is proven that

. The very small difference between them (

) is due

to round off error. This means the result is valid.

10