MY ACTION PLAN FOR THE COMING YEAR

ENERGY CONSERVATION NEED OF THE

HOUR
I have had been advocating energy conservation since long. Apart
from Energy generation from Renewables, Energy Saving is the
need of the hour in India. A Novel Scheme to replace Old and
inefficient agricultural pump sets: Out of the 26 Million
Agricultural pumpsets in the country many are old and inefficient.
The power tariff for farmers is minimal. Electricity is a high grade
energy which is needed in industries, domestic purposes,
computers etc. A scheme can be chalked out to replace the
inefficient motors by efficient ones. The cost of a 5 HP Electric
motor because is about Rs 20,000.A subsidy of Rs 15,000 can be
provided to replace these inefficient motors. This yields quick
results and Energy conservation is better than energy
generation. Each Kwh saved is each Kwh generated (1 US$= Rs
60). There must be some contribution from the beneficiary
otherwise he wont take care of the system. Giving free leads to
misuse. In 80s the then Department of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources(Now MNRE) under Demonstration Programme installed
over 4000 Water Pumping Mills free of cost. In Andhra Pradesh
about 500 were installed. At that time a windmill was costing Rs
20,000. A reliable windmill costs around Rs 80,000 at that time.
Infact in our Filelds in Muthukur, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh
2 Wind mills were installed. None of the windmills worked and
vanished in no time. Based on several studies carried out on
agricultural pumpset efficiency, it has been found that the pump
efficiency varies from 25-35% due to various factors. By adopting
BEE star lebelled agricultural pumpsets, the efficiency can be
enhanced upto 50-52%. It is estimated that, by replacement of
existing pumps with the BEE star labelled pumps, the achievable
saving potential is 30-40% and sectoral saving potential works
out to be 4.34 BU per year. Instead of huge investment on New
Power projects, The Government of India and different state
Governments can jointly plan a scheme to replace the existing old

and inefficient agricultural pumpsets with efficient ones. This

yields quick results. Energy conservation refers to reducing
energy consumption through using less of an energy service.
Energy conservation differs from efficient energy use, which
refers to using less energy for a constant service. For example,
driving less is an example of energy conservation. Driving the
same amount with a higher mileage vehicle is an example of
energy efficiency. Energy conservation and efficiency are both
energy reduction techniques. Even though energy conservation
reduces energy services, it can result in increased, environmental
quality, national security, and personal financial security. It is at
the top of the sustainable energy hierarchy. One of the primary
ways to improve energy conservation in buildings is to use an
energy audit. An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of
energy use and flows for energy conservation in a building,
process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the
system without negatively affecting the output(s). This is
normally accomplished by trained professionals and can be part
of some of the national programs discussed above. In addition,
recent development of smartphone apps enable homeowners to
complete relatively sophisticated energy audits themselves.
Building technologies and smart meters can allow energy users,
business and residential, to see graphically the impact their
energy use can have in their workplace or homes. Advanced realtime energy metering is able to help people save energy by their
actions. Elements of passive solar design, shown in a direct gain
application. In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and
floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in
the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the
summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design
because, unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve
the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to designing
a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local
climate. Elements to be considered include window placement
and glazing type, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading.
Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new
buildings, but existing buildings can be retrofitted. Energy Saving
in Lighting. One innovation that saves enormous power in light is

READING SOLAR LIGHT dual powered. Normally in India students

read under a 40 Watt Fluorescent bulb. In school and college
hostels one Fluorescent bulb for 4 to 6 people. A Fluorescent bulb
consumes 40 Watts. Its life time is short. In voltage fluctuations
(common in some cases in rural India), it won't glow. There are
Reading Solar lights with LED (Best LED from a Company like
Nichia corporation, Japan) which can be charged by sunlight or
electric including USB. This lasts 8 hours. It costs around Rs
400(about 7 US$) in India. It consumes 0.2 Watts. Moreover by
this light one can concentrate on the material reading (especially
students) we used to have Reading lights in the past (Table
Lights electric). In suggest Schools, NGOs, Government can
promote these on a massive scale. Each Kwh saved is each Kwh
generated. TODAYS WASTAGE IS TOMORROWS SHORTAGE.
Please save the
power for the next hour! Save power, energize the future.
Enormous energy can be saved in Lighting.
Replace incandescent lamps fluorescent or compact fluorescent
lamps
Clean your light bulb frequently. Layers of dust can absorb up
to 30% of the light from the lamps. Hold the base and use a dry
soft cloth or brush to clean the lamp.
Switch off lights in room, toilets, bath rooms when not in use.
Use lower wattage bulbs in area that do not need bright lights
e.g. storage rooms and bath rooms
Never use clusters of incandescent lamps for decorations
For offices with low occupancy rates, install simple electronics
controls such as passive infer red sensors. They ensure that lights
are automatically switched off when rooms are not occupied for
more than a pre determined period
Too many outside lights do not necessarily provide security.
Infra-red sensors or motion detectors are a more energy efficient
solution.
When you remove a dead fluorescent lamp which you dont
intend to replace immediately, remember also to remove the
starter, or else the choke will consume electricity at the rate of 12
watts.

 Always choose T.5 linear fluorescent lamps with electronics

ballast. They consume 40% less energy than conventional linear
fluorescent lamps.
AS per Energy Generation through Renewables Biogas power c
and Biofuel from care-free growth,regenerative CAM plants like
Agave and Opuntia have great potential in the country.
Here is a Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Action plan
for India and in general and Andhra Pradesh in particular:
I have had been advocating offshore wind energy in India since
decade. Today Offshore wind farms operate in Europe, UK
topping. In India Onshore Wind farms started in 1985 and today
the Wind installations in the country are(Compared to other
countries): Installed wind power capacity (MW) up to 2013 end
European Union 117,289 China 91,424 United States 61,091
Germany 34,250 Spain 22,959 India 20,150 United Kingdom
10,531 Italy 8,552 France 8,254 Canada 7,803 Denmark 4,772
Portugal 4,724 Sweden 4,470 Offshore Wind Farm installed
Capacity(MW) Offshore wind power refers to the construction of
wind farms in bodies of water to generate electricity from wind.
Better wind speeds are available offshore compared to on land, so
offshore wind powers contribution in terms of electricity supplied
is higher,and NIMBY opposition to construction is usually much
weaker. However, offshore wind farms are relatively expensive.
At the end of June 2013 total European combined offshore wind
energy capacity was 6,040 MW. As of 2010 Siemens and Vestas
were turbine suppliers for 90% of offshore wind power, while
Dong Energy, Vattenfall and E.on were the leading offshore
operators. As of October 2010, 3.16 GW of offshore wind power
capacity was operational, mainly in Northern Europe. According to
BTM Consult, more than 16 GW of additional capacity will be
installed before the end of 2014 and the United Kingdom and
Germany will become the two leading markets. Offshore wind
power capacity is expected to reach a total of 75 GW worldwide
by 2020, with significant contributions from China and the United
States. As of 2013, the 630 MW London Array is the largest
offshore wind farm in the world, with the 504 MW Greater
Gabbard wind farm as the second largest, followed by the 367

MW Walney Wind Farm. All are off the coast of the UK. These
projects will be dwarfed by subsequent wind farms that are in the
pipeline, including Dogger Bank at 9,000 MW, Norfolk Bank
(7,200 MW), and Irish Sea (4,200 MW). In the end of June 2013
total European combined offshore wind energy capacity was
6,040 MW. UK installed 513.5 MW offshore wind power in the first
half year of 2013. It can be easily seen While UK tops the world
in Offshore Wind farms, India has double the capacity of onshore
wind farms compared to UK and no offshore wind installations at
all. Why? The reasons are not far to seek. There is a strong
notion among Indian wind turbine manufacturers, Renewable
Energy planners, Government etc. that offshore wind farms cost
double to triple the cost of onshore wind farms. How this figure of
double or triple arrived at is a billion dollar question. The main
charm of offshore wind farms is that the roughness of the sea is
zero(no obstacles like onshore) and since power is cube of
velocity of wind other factors being linear, higher velocities mean
the power shoots up very much. This factor is often overlooked.
Moreover instead of going in for onshore wind farms, it will be
worthwhile to go offshore nearby to harness more wind power.
No doubt the cost of the offshore wind farms will be high
compared to onshore because of foundation and cable costs. But
these costs are offset by the higher power from offshore wind
farms. I wonder how this figure of double or triple arrived at
between offshore and onshore wind farms. Has any systematic
life cycle study of onshore and offshore wind farms in a region
has been carried out? Why not Research Institutes, Wind
Industries in UK carry out such a study which will help to dispel
the misconceptions on cost of offshore wind farms in India. On
6th February 2014 there was a UK-India Offshore Wind Energy
Workshop in Chennai (INDIA) organized by UK Science &
Innovation Network , which I attended. I suggested the need for
above study and the need for offshore wind farms in India. India
has long coast. At least a pilot project can be initiated by Ministry
of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) so that Private Wind farm
developers follow suit. Countries like US, China, Taiwan, Korea,
France. etc have ambitious plans to go for offshore wind farms. It
is sad that India though occupies fifth position in wind in the

world is yet to have a offshore wind farm? Also most of the Wind
installations in India are from Industrial houses and businessmen.
In countries like Denmark,Germany etc. there are Wind Farm Cooperatives. A wind turbine cooperative, also known as a wind
energy cooperative, is a jointly owned and democratically
controlled enterprise that follows the cooperative model, investing
in wind turbines or wind farms. The cooperative model was
developed in Denmark. The model has also spread to Germany,
the Netherlands and Australia, with isolated examples elsewhere.
The key feature is that local community members have a
significant, direct financial stake in the project beyond land lease
payments and tax revenue. Projects may be used for on-site
power or to generate wholesale power for sale, usually on a
commercial-scale greater than 100 kW.In India also Wind Farm
Co-operatives can be set up with peoples participation. The
Government can consider to give tax exemption under Section
80C so that the amount can be invested in Wind Farms with
People as share holders. Another area which yields immediate
results and gainful employment is to grow care-free growth plants
like Agave and Opuntia in waste lands. There are millions of
hectares of waste lands. In the debate Food Vs Fuel the
alternative is to grow plants with multiple uses which have carefree growth. Yet another option is Biofuel from Agave and Biogas
from Opuntia and power generation. Agave is a care free
growth plant which can be grown in millions of hectares of waste
land and which produces Biofuel. Already Mexico is using it.
Another Care free growth plant is Opuntia which generates
Biogas. Biogas can be input to generate power through Biogas
Generators. Biogas generators of MW size are available from
China. Yet another option is Water Hyacinth for biogas. Water
Hyacinth along with animal dung can produce biogas on a large
scale and then power. In Kolleru lake in Godavari and Krishna
Delta in Andhra Pradesh in India it is available in 308 Sq. Km for
nearly 8 months in a year. Crassulacean acid metabolism, also
known as CAM photosynthesis, is a carbon fixation pathway that
evolved in some plants as an adaptation to arid conditions In a
plant using full CAM, the stomata in the leaves remain shut
during the day to reduce evapotranspiration, but open at night to

collect carbon dioxide (CO2). The CO2 is stored as the fourcarbon acidmalate, and then used during photosynthesis during
the day. The pre-collected CO2 is concentrated around the
enzyme RuBisCO, increasing photosynthetic efficiency. Agave and
Opuntia are the best CAM Plants. Researchers find that the agave
plant will serve as a biofuel crop to produce ethanol. "Agave has a
huge advantage, as it can grow in marginal or desert land, not on
arable land," and therefore would not displace food crops, says
Oliver Inderwildi, at the University of Oxford.The majority of
ethanol produced in the world is still derived from food crops such
as corn and sugarcane. Speculators have argued for years now
that using such crops for fuel can drive up the price of food.
Agave, however, can grow on hot dry land with a high-yield and
low environmental impact. The researchers proposing the plants
use have modeled a facility in Jalisco, Mexico, which converts the
high sugar content of the plant into ethanol. Another plant of
great use is OPUNTIA for biogas production. The cultivation of
nopal((OPUNTIA FICUS-INDICA), a type of cactus, is one of the
most important in Mexico. According to Rodrigo Morales, Chilean
engineer, Wayland biomass, installed on Mexican soil, allows you
to generate inexhaustible clean energy. Through the production
of biogas, it can serve as a raw material more efficiently, by
example and by comparison with jatropha. Wayland Morales,
head of Elqui Global Energy argues that an acre of cactus
produces 43 200 m3 of biogas or the equivalent in energy terms
to 25,000 liters of diesel. With the same land planted with
jatropha, he says, it will produce 3,000 liters of biodiesel. Another
of the peculiarities of the nopal is biogas which is the same
molecule of natural gas, but its production does not require
machines or devices of high complexity. Also, unlike natural gas,
contains primarily methane (75%), carbon dioxide (24%) and
other minor gases (1%), so it has advantages from the technical
point of view since it has the same capacity heat but is cleaner,
he says, and as sum datum its calorific value is 7,000 kcal/m3.
In the fields where Jatropha is being grown,Agave and Opuntia
can be grown as Inter cropping. Also Energy conservation yields
quick results than energy generation. In India Agricultural
pumpsets consume power next only to Industry. There are about

26 Million Agricultural Electric Motors. Many of them are quite old

and inefficient. For Agricultural pumpsets the power tariff is
nominal or nil in some states. A scheme can be chalked out By
both Central and State Governments to replace the old and
inefficient agricultural pumpsets with efficient ones by giving a
subsidy. Electricity is a high grade energy which finds use in
Industry,lighting etc. As such it must be judiciously used
especially in the agricultural sector.
Often energy studies aim at benefitting the rich but rarely
concentrate on poor. A simple example is Box Type Solar Cooker.
Box Type Solar Cooker is almost 60 years old. Why it has not
taken off especially in a populous country like India? Only 0.6
million Box Type Solar Cookers sold but not used. Technology is
culture specific while science is universal. There is no provision
for frying in box type solar cooker ,only boiling. One cannot have
two cooking systems one for boiling and another for frying. In
Innovation theory there are two approaches,Technology Push Vs
Demand pull. The Box type solar cookers belong to Technology
Push category.
There are small wind mills for water pumping developed by
Centro La Gaviotas,Bagota,Colombia. I wonder still why such a
fine water pumping windmill has not spread to other countries. I
have had been involved in the research and development of
Renewables for over 3 decades. Our basic approach is 3D:
Design,Demonstrate and Disseminate. We have over 20
Innovative Renewable Energy Gadgets.
I have an action plan for India on Renewables to bring in Rural
Prosperity:
1. Promote Offshore Wind Farms.
2. Promote small wind generators as decentralised systems
3. Roof Top PV Solar
4. Creating Renewable Energy Fund. Investment by Income Tax
Payers to be exempted under Section 80C.
5. Wind Farm Co-operatives on the lines of those in
Germany,Denmark etc.
6. Solar Co-operatives on the lines of those in US.
7. Energy Conservation by replacing most of the inefficient 2.6

million irrigation electric pump sets(About 30% power can be

saved). Agriculture consumes much power next only to Industry
8. Reading lights with reliable and quality dual
powered(Solar/Electricity/USB) to save enormous energy.
9. Biofuel/Biogas for power generation and cooking from
Agave/opuntia care-free growth,regenerative and CAM plants. In
China Biogas for cooking is supplied trough pipes.
In the vast vacant land in India Agave and Opuntia can be grown
and power generation established as decentralised locally.
10. Simple Box Type Solar Cooker with frying facility( 3D
approach,Design,Demonstrate and Disseminate)
11.Cost effective vertical and cylindrical,mobile solar water heater
design.
12. Low head Micro hydro device to generate power from the
head of falling water from the delivery pipe of Electric/diesel
pumpsets.
13. KW size Biogas power/cooking plant for villages.
14. Simple solar drier
15. Growing CAM Plants in Waste and Vacant lands which act as
Carbon Sink.
Energy Conservation
https://www.scribd.com/doc/250077351/Energy-Conservation

GROWING VEGETABLES ON A STAND YOUTUBE

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkr_sep8Y7I&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bEOoLiHTfyk&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQMO3c1Vn2Q&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tYTKgKhFuPM&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zvlfjNMJHGg&feature=youtu.be
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXundZgfpfQ&feature=youtu.be

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_vjfheStLM&feature=youtu.be

GROWING VEGETABLES IN CONTAINERS ON A

STAND
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244731624/Growingvegetables-in-containers-on-a-stand
NUTRITIONAL GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES FOR ALLInnovative System
Green Leafy Vegetables for All
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEbR9XIVtPc
Nutritious Green Vegetables For All
https://www.scribd.com/doc/241908298/NutritiousGreen-Leafy-Vegetables-for-All-an-Innovative system
One Can Grow Organic Vegetables on a Book Rack !
https://www.scribd.com/doc/244042169/One-Can-GrowOrganic-Vegetables-on-a-Book-Rack
Dr.A.Jagadeesh Nellore(AP), India
Director
Nayudamma Centre for Development Alternatives
Renewable Energy Expert

Dr.A.Jagadeesh

Safe Drinking Water for All Solar Disinfection

Darrius and Savonius Wind Rotor from China

Offshore Wind Farms

Dual Powered Reading Lights

Opuntia Farm

Agave Farm

Innovations by Dr.A.Jagadeesh

Biogas plant from Opuntia(Input)

Dr.A.Jagadeesh Blog
Blog: http://www.drjagadeeshncda.blogspot.com
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