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Web References

http://www.apctt.org/publications/oz_aug_montreal.pdf

http://www.ozonecell.com/uploads/files/SS-2007.pdf

http://in2eastafrica.net/rwanda-importers-cautioned-against-items-with-harmful-gases/

http://www.theozonehole.com/montreal.htm

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/ozone-layer3.htm

http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1400/atmos_origin.html

http://www.livescience.com/27049-ozone-hole-shrinks-record-low.

http://www.funnytimes.com/playground/gallery.php?tag=ozone#.UguTuZI3Bic

http://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/ODS_Consumption.htm

11

http://www.theozonehole.com/montreal.htm

http://www.unep.org/ozonaction/News/Features/2012/RememberingOurFuture/tabid/795
72/Default.aspx

http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/indicat/

http://www.environment.gov.au/atmosphere/ozone/legislation/montp.html

http://www.ozonecell.com/uploads/files/Book_Success_Story_20110919.pdf

http://www.afeas.org/overview.php

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2014)
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15

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http://www.imd.gov.in/section/nhac/dynamic/phailin.pdf, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

16

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17

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http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cyclone-phailin-causes-blackbuck-migration-inganjam/article5316988.ece, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

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http://na.unep.net/geas/archive/pdfs/GEAS_Nov2013_Phailin.pdf, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

http://na.unep.net/geas/archive/pdfs/GEAS_Nov2013_Phailin.pdf, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

18

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disaster.html-0, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

20

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http://dev.epw.in/commentary/how-odisha-managed-phailin-disaster.html-0, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)


http://dev.epw.in/commentary/how-odisha-managed-phailin-disaster.html-0, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

21

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http://dev.epw.in/commentary/how-odisha-managed-phailin-disaster.html-0, (Accessed: 14, June, 2014)

24

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29

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