You are on page 1of 25

eq

Dr IkkB~
; l kexzh
v FkZ
' kkL=k ( 030)
1- fo"k; %Hkkj r es
ar s
y &ew
Y; fu/ kZ
j . k uhfr
iz
Lr kouk
geusns
[ kk gSfd Hkkjr dPpsrs
y dsHka
Mkj l sl Ei Uu gSys
fdu ml dk i w
j k mi; ks
x ughafd; k t k jgk
gS
A is
Vks
y ] Mht y] , y-i h-t h- v kS
j l h-, u-t h- dh dhers
a v dl j l a
' kks
f/ r dh t krh gS
A ;g
a
v FkZ
O;oLFkk es
amFky&i q
Fky dk , d cgq
r cM+
k dkj. k gS
A bl ew
Y; o`f dksl ekt dsT; knkrj oxks
fo' ks
"k rkS
j i j v ke yks
xks
a}kjk v PNs: i es
aughafy; k t krk gS
A bu mRiknks
adh dherks
aes
ao`f D; ksa
gks
r h gSv kS
j os v a
r jkZ
"Vh; dherks
a}kjk fdl rjg i z
Hkkfor gks
r s gS
] bu v k/ kjHkw
a
r iz
' uks
adks , d
l kekU; rjhds l s l e>k t k l drk gS
] gkyka
fd ; s v R;Ur t fVy eq
s gS
A orZ
a
eku l e; es
agekjh
v FkZ
O;oLFkk v i uh k: jrks
ads70 l sHkh T; knk fgLl sdksi w
j k djusdsfy, v kW
is
d l sdPpsrsy
dk v k; kr djusdksfoo' k i z
r hr gks
r h gS
A v es
fjdh MkW
y j dsi {k es
afons
' kh eq
nz
k dh v fLFkj dher
dsl kFk v FkZ
O;oLFkk bl dsv k; kr dsfy, Hkkjh dher pq
d krh gS
A ; g k: jh gSfd i s
Vks
fy; e ds
mi; ks
xks
aes
av kRefuHkZ
j gks
usdsfy, rjhdsfodfl r fd, t k, a
A nS
fud t hou es
amQ
t kZdsoS
d fYi d
l k/ uks
adsi z
; ks
x dh v ko' ; drk gS
A gky gh es
auhfrxr i Q
l yks
S
ausi s
Vks
fy; e mRiknks
ai j l jdkj }kjk
nh xbZl fCl Mh dksde dj fn; k gSD; ks
fd ; sbl dsct Vh; cks
a
> dksc<+
k ns
r k gS
A, s
l sjkt dks"kh;
?kkVsdksjkd
s usdh k: jr gS
A l fCl Mh dscks
> dksde djusdk , d rjhdk i s
Vks
y v kS
j Mht y dh
dher dksv fu; a
f=kr djuk gS
A v FkZ
O;oLFkk dsHkhrj gh ' kks
/u lq
fo/ k, afodfl r djuk rFkk l kS
j]
i ou , oai kzo`Q
frd xS
l tS
l smQ
t kZdsxS
j &i kja
i fjd l z
krsks
adksyks
d fi z
; cukuk v kt l e; dh eka
x gS
A
bl dsv ykok mQ
t kZ[ ki r dksde djusdsfy, l M+
d ks
ai j ?kj rFkk dk; Z
{ ks
=k es
acgq
r dq
N fd; k t k
l drk gS
Al rZ
d rki w
oZ
d mQ
t kZl a
j {k.k dsrjhdks
adksLohdkjuk gh l Hkh dsfgr es
agS
A

www.telegraph.co.uk

fp=k&1

dPpk rs
y v i usv i fj"o`Q
r : i es
ai s
Vks
fy; e ds: i es
at kuk t krk gS
At S
l k fd v ki mQ
i j fp=k esa
ns
[ k l drsgS
a
] ; g , d xgjk fpi fpi k rjy gS
AoS
Kkfud rkS
j i j bl sgkbMks
d kcZ
u dgk t krk gS
At S
lk
fd v ki usv i uh fi Nyh d{kk es
ai <+
k gks
xk fd dPpk rs
y ,s
l si kS
/ ks
a, oat hoks
al scuk gSt ksfd
yk[ kks
ao"kZi w
oZxgjkbZes
ani Q
u gksx, Fks
A ; g v o' ks
"k xehZ, oancko dsdkj.k rs
y , oaxS
l esa
i fjofrZ
r gksx, Fks
A

l zksr %Motorcitytimes.com
fp=k&2

dPpsrs
y dksfudkyusdsckn bl si kbi ykbuks
] t gkt ; k ukS
a
d kv ks
a}kjk fji Q
kbujh es
afy; k t krk gS
A
fji Q
kbujh es
adPps rs
y ds fofHkUu ?kVd

ts
V b
/ u] Mht y rFkk v U; mRikn t S
l s i z;ksT;

LPG,

is
Vks
fy; e mRiknks
aes
av yx dj fn, t krsgS
AdPpk rs
a
y

bbls

dsl a
f{kIr : i es
acS
j yks
aes
aeki k t krk

gS
A ; g v uw
Bk i S
ekuk bl fy, v k; k D; ks
fd i gysv a
a
r jkZ
"Vh; Lrj i j ydM+
h dscS
j y es
aj[ kdj rsy
dk dkjks
ckj fd; k t krk FkkA 1 cS
j y yxHkx 159 yhVj rFkk , d ehfVd Vu 7 cS
js
y l sFkksM+
k
T; knkA
cz
V
a
s dPpk rs
y ] Hkkjh dPpk rs
y] i s
fl Yos
a
fu; k xz
M] ^ehBk* dPpk rs
s
y ] o`Q
f=ke dPpk rs
y tS
l sdPps
rs
y dh fofHkUu fd+
Les
agS
A bu fd+
a
Leka
sdsrs
y dh i z
o`Q
fr dsv uq
l kj gh v i uk uke i z
kIr fd; k gS
A
mnkgj.k dsfy, ; fn l Yi Q
j dh ek=kk de gSrks; g ehBk dPpk rs
y dgykrk gS; k fi Q
j fcuk
v ojks
/ dscgrk gSrksgYdk dPpk rs
y dgykrk gS
A
^Hkkj h* d Ppk r s
y r Fkk ^gYd k* d Ppk r s
y D; k gS
\
^gYdk* dPpk rs
y , d mPp fof' k"V xq
: Ro okysrs
y ds: i es
ai fjHkkf"kr fd; k x; k gS
A rsy dk
; g oxhZ
d j.k i s
Vks
y ] Mht y rFkk t s
V b
/utS
l smPp ew
Y; dsmRiknks
aes
ai a
i djus
] i fjogu djus, oa
i fj"o`Q
r djusdsfy, v kl ku gSv kS
j bl dh ot g l s; g v kS
j v f/ d ega
xk gkst krk gS
A
v ke rkS
j i j ^Hkkjh* dPpk rs
y es
al Yi Q
j rFkk dbZ/ krq
v ks
afo' ks
"k rkS
j i j fuds
y v kS
j eks
e dh mPp
l kn
az
r k l ekfo"V gks
r h gS
A; s, s
l sxq
. k/ eZgS
at ksfd mUgs
at ehu l sckgj ; k i kbi ykbu dsek; e l s
i ia djuses
adfBu cukrk gS; k i fj' kks
/ djuses
ack/ k Mkyrk gS
A bl dsv ykok ; sxq
. k/ eZxa
Hkhj
i ; kZ
oj.kh; pq
ukS
fr; k Hkh mifLFkr djrsgS
A
a
^Hkkjh* rs
y ^mRiz
js
d i Vk[ kk* dsmi; ks
x dsek; e l sNks
Vs
&Nks
Vsi s
Vks
y v .kq
v ks
aes
aVw
V l drk gSysfdu
;g iz
foz
Q
; k mQ
t kZdk mi; ks
x djrh gSft l dsi fj.kkeLo: i feyusokyk i s
Vks
y vf/ d ega
xk gkst krk
gSv kS
j ^Hkkjh* dPpsrs
y dsi z
fr cS
j y dh de ykxr }kjk ml ykxr dh Hkji kbZdh t krh gS
A
^ehBk* ( Sweet) v kS
j ^[ kV~
Vk* d Ppk r s
y ( Sour Crude Oil) D; k gS
\
ehBsdPpsrs
y es
al Yi Q
j dh Fkks
M+
h ek=kk ( eq
[ ; : i l sgkbbks
t u l Yi Q
kbV H2S ds: i es
) ( 0-5
a
; k ml l s de) rFkk dkcZ
u Mkbv kW
Dl kbM gks
r k gSv kS
j is
Vks
y ds mRiknu es
aeq
[ ; : i l s bl dk
mi; ks
x gks
r k gS
Al Yi Q
j] i fj"o`Q
r djrsoDr midj.kks
adksuq
d l ku i gq
prk gS( l kFk gh v ki dsdkj ds
3

ba
t u dksHkh) ; fn bl sfudkyk u t k, Abl dh ek=kk 0-5 l sT; knk gks
r h gSrks; g [ kV~
Vsrs
y ds: i
es
aoxhZ
o`Q
r fd; k t krk gS
A l Yi Q
j dksnw
j djuses
a' kkfey ykxr dsdkj.k gh ^[ kV~
Vk* rs
y ^ehBk*
rs
y dh v i s
{ kk l Lrk gkst krk gS
A
Hkkj r h; fj i Q
kbuj h fd l i z
d kj d sd Ppsr s
y d ksl a
l kf/ r d j r k gS
\
Hkkjrh; fji Q
kbujh ^[ kV~
Vs
* v kS
j ^ehBs
* nks
uks
adsfeJ.k dksl a
l kf/ r djrk gS
Abl h i z
d kj Hkkjr dsrsy
HkM
akj Hkw
fe dsuhps; k ca
cbZmPp v i rVh; LVs
' ku t S
l sl eq
nz
h l rg ; k fi Q
j v ka
/ zi z
ns
' k] xq
t jkr
bR;kfn dsl eq
nz
h Hka
Mkjks
aes
ai k, t krsgS
A uhpsfn; k x; k ekufp=k Li "V : i l sns
a
' kHkj es
ai Q
y sdPps
S
rs
y dsi kbi ykbuks
adksn' kkZ
r k gS
A

l kzs
r %www.mapsofindia.com
fp=k&3
4

^rs
y , oaxS
l t uZ
y * dsv uq
l kj o"kZ2014 dh ' kq
: v kr es
aHkkjr dsi kl i z
ekf.kr rs
y Hka
Mkj 5-7
fcfy; u v jc cS
j y Fkk t ksfd , f' k; k i S
fl fi Q
d es
anw
l jk l cl scM+
k FkkAbl ds136 rs
y {ks
=k gS
Abuesa
a
l sT; knkrj Hka
Mkj xq
t jkr] egkjk"V v kS
j jkt LFkku t S
l sns
' k dsi f' peh Hkkxks
aes
agS
a
At S
l k fd l e;
k[`akyk xz

ki Qn' kkZ
r k gS
] gekjh v FkZ
O;oLFkk es
adPpsrs
y dk , d cgq
r cM+
k fgLl k fudyrk gS
] fi Q
j Hkh
; g ?kjs
y wv ko' ; drkv ks
adksi w
j k djusdsfy, i ; kZ
Ir ughagS
Ao"kZ2003 l s2013 dschp dPpsrsy
dk mRiknu T; knk c<+
k ughays
fdu [ ki r yxHkx nks
xq
uh gksx; h ft l dsdkj.k l jdkj dksdPpsrsy
dk v k; kr djuk i M+
kAv l e v kS
j eq
EcbZmPp v i rVh; l si z
kIr gks
usokyk Lons
' kh dPpk rs
y ehBk gS
v kS
j osdq
y la
l kf/ r rs
y dk ds
oy 17 gS
AHkkjr cM+
si S
ekusi j e; i w
oZrFkk v i z
Q
hdk l s' ks"k rsy
dk v k; kr djrk gSt gk dPpk rs
y l Lrk gSrFkk Nks
Vsl eq
nz
h Va
d j es
s
amiyC/ gks
r k gS
A Hkkjrh;
v k; kr es
av i z
Q
hdk l s^ehBk* dPpk rs
y rFkk e; i w
oZl s^[ kV~
Vk dPpk rs
y ' kkfey gS
A

fp=k&4

Hkkjr dsdPpsrs
y dsmRiknu , oa[ ki r dschp dsv a
r j dksfn[ kkusokyk , d l e;
k`a
[ kyk xzki Q
Hkkjrh; v FkZ
O;oLFkk dh gh rjg i s
Vks
fy; e mRiknks
adh c<+
r h eka
x dsdbZdkj.k gS
at ksfd fodkl ds
pj.k es
agS
at gk mQ
t kZdh v ko' ; drk , d mYys
[ kuh; xfr es
agS
A 1991 es
aubZv kfFkZ
d uhfr dh

' kq
#v kr l s gh Hkkjr dh t ul a
[ ; k rs
t h l s' kgjks
adh v ks
j c<+xbZ
] i fjokj i kja
i fjd ck; ks
ekl l s
gVdj v U; mQ
t kZ[ ki r dh v ks
j c<+x, ] fct yh , oai fjogu {ks
=k rs
t h l sc<+jgsgS
av kS
j c<+
rh
[ ki r dh eka
x djrsgS
A fo' ks
a
"k : i l sfdl kuks
] Vd ks
a
arFkk m| ks
xks
a}kjk Hkkjr es
ai z
frfnu yxHkx 1-4
fefy; u cS
j y Mht y dh [ ki r dh t krh gS
AHkkjr v es
fjdk] phu v kS
j jf' k; k dsckn nq
fu; k esapkS
Fks
LFkku i j gS
A v ka
r fjd : i l s ; g eka
x iw
j h ughagks l drh bl fy, Hkkjr v i us dPps rs
y dh
v ko' ; drk dk 75 l sT; knk fgLl k e; i w
oZ
] bZ
j ku] ukbt hfj; k rFkk v U; ns
' kksal sv k; kr djrk gS
A
uhpsfn, x, i kbZpkVZdksns
[ ksa
&

fp=k&5

; g i kbZpkVZmu ns'kks
adksn' kkZ
r k gSt gk l sHkkjr dPpsrs
y dk v k; kr djrk gS
AHkkjrh; v k; kr dk
v f/ dk'ak fgLl k v ks
is
d l sgks
r k gS
] ; g Li "V gS
A v ks
is
d is
Vks
fy; e fu; kZ
r d ns
' kks
adk l a
xBu gS
A; g
la
xBu 1960 es
abZ
j ku] bjkd] dq
oS
r ] l kmnh v jc v kS
j os
us
tq
,s
y k bu i kp l a
LFkki d ns
' kksadsl kFk
l keusv k; kA ; g nq
fu; k dsi z
ekf.kr dPpsrjy Hka
Mkj dk 80 l sHkh vf/ d gS
A nq
fu; kHkj esarsy
v kS
j bl dsmRiknks
adh [ ki r c<+jgh gSbl fy, i z
fr cS
j y dh dher Hkh c<+jgh gS
A uhpsl e;
k[`akyk xz

ki Q}kjk bl sfn[ kk; k x; k gS


A
6

iz
fr cS
jy v a
r jkZ
"Vh; dPpsrs
y dh dherks
adk o"kZ
&okj v kS
lr

fp=k&6

dPpsrs
y dh ekS
tw
nk dher i z
fr cS
j y 120 MkW
y j l sv f/ d gSv kS
j bl dsmQ
i j t kusdh mEehn gS
A
; fn , d fuekZ
r k ds: i es
av ki us, d dPpk eky v k; kr fd; k Fkk v kS
j ml dsckn bl dsv k; kr dh
ykxr c<+t krh gSrksv ki dksml c<+
h dher dh Hkji kbZdsfy, D; k djuk gks
xk\ D; k v ki ckt kj
es
acs
psx, v a
fre mRikn dh dher ughac<+
k, x\s
Hkkjr eq
[ ; : i l sdPpsrs
y dk v k; kr c<+
r h dher i j djrk gSv kS
j #i ; ses
agks
usokyh fxjkoV ds
dkj.k gh dPpsrs
y dsv k; kr dsfy, ges
aHkkjh dher pq
d kuh i M+
r h gS
A#i ; sdk ew
Y; kl gekjs
v k; kr dksega
xk cukrk gSD; ks
fd ges
a
a[ kjhnsgq
, l keku dsgj MkW
y j dsfy, T; knk Hkq
xrku djuk
i M+
r k gS
Amnkgj.k dsfy, fons
' kh fofue; nj 52 #i ; s1$ Fkk] v kS
j #i ; sdk ew
Y; kl 60 #i ; s
1$ Fkk] ; fn v ki usi gysv k; kr dsfy, 100$ Hkq
xrku fd; k Fkk rksfi Q
j v ki usi gysml h l keku
dsfy, ( 100x52) 5200 #i ; sfn, v kS
j v kt v ki ( 100x60) 6000 #i ; spq
d k, xs
A c<+
r h v k; kr
dherks
adk ; g cks
> , d v ke v kneh ughal g l drk v kS
j , d dY; k.kdkjh jkT; gks
us ds ukr s
l jdkj }kjk bl sogu fd; k t k, xkA; g ogh fLFkfr gSt gk l jdkj , d egoi w
. kZHkw
fedk fuHkkrh gS
A
; g rs
y , oai z
ko`Q
frd xS
l v k; ks
x ( ONGC) ] ba
fM; u v kW
; y dkW
i ksZ
js
' ku ( IOC) bR;kfn t S
l h rs
y , oa
foi .ku da
i fu; ks
adksl fCl Mh i z
nku djrh gS
A

l fCl Mh D; k gS
\
l fCl Mh ykxr dksde djus; k [ ki r dksi z
ks
Rl kfgr djusdsek; e l smRiknu dksc<+
kok nsusds
fy, O
; fDr; ks
a; k l a
LFkkv ks
adksl jdkj }kjk fd; k x; k , d v kfFkZ
d l g; ks
x ; k dj ykHk gS
A l jdkj
fofo/ i z
d kj dh l fCl Mh i z
nku djrh gS
] ft l suhpsfn, x, i kbZpkVZes
ans
[ kk t k l drk gS
AmoZ
j dksa
i j l fCl Mh ns
usl srkRi; ZgSfdl kuks
a}kjk moZ
j dksadsmi; ks
x dksc<+
kok ns
uk v kS
j Mht y i j l fCl Mh
l s] v k' kk dh t krh gSfd mRikndks
av kS
j miHkks
Drkv ks
adsfy, i fjogu dh ykxr de gks
xhA

fp=k&7

; g mEehn gSfd l jdkj xjhc dsfy, fj; k; rh [ kk| oLrq


, i z
nku djs
xh] jks
t xkj dsv ol j i S
nk djus
okyh ; ks
t uk, i z
k; ks
ft r djs
xh v kS
j bl h rjg dsv U; dk; Zdjs
xhAt S
l k fd ns
[ kk t k l drk gS
] l fCl Mh
i j fd; k x; k ; g [ kpZl jdkj dsvi usdq
y ct Vh; [ kpZes
at q
M+
r k gSv kS
j va
r es
a; gh l jdkj ds
jkt dks
"kh; ?kkVsdksc<+
k ns
r k gS
A
jkt dks
"kh; ?kkVk l jdkj }kjk fd; k x; k vfrfjDr O
; ; gS
] ft l dh Hkji kbZ .k }kjk dh t krh gS
A .k
}kjk l jdkj dh Hkfo"; es
ans
; rk c<+t krh gS
A ft l dsi Q
yLo: i bl sU;w
ure Lrj i j j[ kk t krk gS
A
v kb; sfp=k 8 es
afn, na
M v kjs
[ k dksns
[ ks
A; g D; k n' kkZ
a
r k gS
\

fp=k&8

; g n' kkZ
r k gSfd 2005&06 es
au ds
oy l jdkj dsl fCl Mh fcy es
ao`f gq
bZgS
] cfYd i s
Vks
fy; e dks
nh xbZl fCl Mh dsv uq
i kr es
aHkh Hkkjh o`f gq
bZgS
A l jdkj }kjk 2009&10 l s2011&12 rd rsy
foi .ku da
i fu; ks
a(OMCs) dks#i ; s1]50]500 djks
M+dh udn {kfri w
frZdh xbZgS
A ; g {kfri w
frZrsy
foi .ku da
i fu; ks
adksi s
Vks
y ] Mht y o v U; mRikn Hkkjh l fCl MkbM nj i j cs
pusdsfy, nh t krh gS
A
mnkgj.k dsfy, 2012&13 dsi gysDokVZ
j es
ai z
fr cS
j y dPpsrs
y dh dher $109-82 Fkh v kS
j
da
i fu; ks
a}kjk i z
fr cS
j y $56 dh Nw
V nh xbZ
Avr%mUgs
ai z
fr cS
j y $53-82 dh gkfu mBkuh i M+
hA
ckkkj ew
Y; l sde i j mRiknks
adh fcoz
Q
h }kjk fd, x, bl rjg dsuq
d l kuks
adh Hkji kbZdksvUMj
fjdojh (U;w
u iz
frykHk) dgk t krk gS(U;w
u iz
frykHk ckkkj ew
Y; v kS
j iz
' kkfl r ew
Y; ds chp
v raj) A l jdkj c<+
r h l fCl Mh] U;w
u iz
frykHk v kS
j c<+
r h va
r jkZ
"Vh; i s
Vks
fy; e dherks
adsHkw
y Hkw
yS
; sesa
iQ
l rh fn[ krh gS
Apht ks
adkscs
grj cukusdsfy, vkfFkZ
d l ykgdkjks
aus(fdjhV i kfj[ k l fefr us2010
tw
u es
) Hkkjr es
a
at kZ{ks
=k dksmnkj cukusdsfy, i s
Vks
y , oaMhky dh dherks
al sfu; a
=k.k gVkusdk
lq
>ko fn; k FkkA
v fofu; eu dks l jdkjh fu; a
=k.k dh v ka
f{kd l ekfIr] jkT; gLr{ks
i dks oki l ys
us
] eq
Dr ckkkj
la
pkyu dksi zks
Rl kgu ns
usv kS
j l jdkjh fu; eks
a, oafofu; eks
adksl jyho`Q
r djusds: i es
ai fjHkkf"kr
fd; k t krk gS
A
9

bl uhfr dsykHk gS
%
a
l fCl Mh i j l jdkjh cks
> es
adVkS
r hA o"kZ2012&13 dsfy, rs
y i j l fCl Mh dh ykxr 43]580
djks
M+#i ; sv uq
ekfur gS
Abl v frfjDr [ kpZdksLokLF; , oaf' k{kk {ks
a
=k i j yxk; k t k l drk gS
A

OMC dksmudsU
;w
uiz
frykHk dh i z
kfIr

ESSAR,

es
al gk; d djukA

fjyka
; l bR;kfn t S
l h fut h da
i fu; ks
adks vc l koZ
t fud {ks
=k dsOMC dh i z'kkfl r

dherks
] t ks
a
fd

OMC

dh T; knk j{kk ughadjrh gS


a
] dsl kFk i z
frLi / kZdjusdsfy, , d l ery

vk/ kj Hkw
fe fey t k, xhA

ya
csl e; rd pyusokysfons
' kh fuos
' k es
aHkh rs
y , oai s
Vks
fy; e fcoz
Q
h rFkk fji Q
kbfua
x {ks=k dks
' kkfey fd, t kusdk Lokxr fd; k t k l drk gS
A

ya
csl e; es
ans
' k dsv k; kr djusdh v ko' ; drk es
adeh v k, xh v kS
j v k; kr fcy es
aHkhA

v rajkZ
"Vh; ckkkj dh ' kfkQ
; ks
adsv uq
l kj i s
Vks
y dh dherks
adksj[ kukA

Hkkj r v kS
j fo' o d h r s
y d her ks
ad schp D; k l a
ca
/ gS
\
is
Vks
y dher dh x.kuk nq
fu; k Hkj es
aml dh ekx , oav ki w
frZdsdkjdksadsv k/ kj i j fuHkZ
j djrh gS
A
fons
' kh v ki fwrZ
d rkZcs
pekdZdherks
a
ai j Hkkjr es
ars
y foi .ku da
i fu; ksa(OMC) dksdPpk rs
y cs
prsgS
A
a
cz
V
a dPPksrs
s
y dsnS
fud ew
Y; rFkk fji Q
kbujh dsforj.k ew
Y; dksHkkjr es
ai s
Vks
y dh okLr fod
d her dh x.kuk djusgs
r qLohdkj fd; k x; k gS
A
dPpsrs
y ds, d cS
j y es
ayxHkx 159 fyVj dPpk rs
y v krk gS
] ft l dh dher v ejhdh MkW
y j esa
gks
r h gS
Ai z
fr fyVj ew
Y; dh x.kuk djusdsfy, vejhdh MkW
y j es
aHkq
xrku dh dq
y jkf' k dksHkkjh;
#i ; ses
ai fjofrZ
r fd; k t krk gSv kS
j fi Q
j ml s159 fyVj l sHkkx fd; k t krk gS
A mnkgj.k dsfy,
rs
y dsi z
fr cS
j y ykxr 110$ gSv kS
j 200 cS
j yks
adk v kns'k fn; k x; k gS
Al kFk gh fofue; nj #i ; s
60 1$ gS
Arc i z
fr fyVj dher bl i z
d kj fudkyh t k, xh%
1 bbl x 110$ i z
fr = 110$

#i ; s60 = 1$ ; k 110$ x 60 = 6600 #i ; k


dher i z
fr fyVj

= 6600/159 = # 41.509 i z
fr

fyVj
10

[ kjhnusdsckn dPPkk rs
y Hkkjr es
afji Q
kbufj; ks
ard i gq
pk; k t krk gS
AorZ
eku l e; es
aHkkjr dsi kl
yxHkx 20 fji Q
kbufj; k gS
A fi Q
a
j dPPkk rs
y bu fjIkQ
kbufj; ks
adsv kl ou Vkojks
aes
afofHkUu mRiknksaesa
foHkkft r fd; k t krk gS
] tS
l si s
Vks
y ] dks
y rkj bR;kfnA ' kks
/ u v kS
j v kl ou dh ykxr Hkh i s
Vkys dh
dher es
at ks
M+
h t krh gS
A ca
njxkg l sfjIkQ
kbujh rd dsdLVe ys
oh , oa' kq
Yd dksHkh bl es
at ksM+
k
t krk gS
A v c v yx fd; k i s
Vks
y rs
y da
i fu; ka
sdsHka
Mkj.k VS
d ka
a
ses
aHka
Mkj.k dsfy, rS
; kj gS
A rsy
da
i fu; k v c fji Q
kbujh dksHkq
xrku djrh gS
av kS
j fji Q
kbujh l sOMC VS
d rd i s
a
Vks
y dh i fjogu
dher t ks
M+
h t krh gS
Abl fy, miHkks
Drk }kjk Hkq
xrku fd, x, okLrfod ew
Y; es
amijks
Dr l Hkh ykxr
rFkk , d Mhyj dk deh' ku] oS
V] mRikn ' kq
Yd] dq
y ' kq
Yd v kS
j dj ' kkfey gS
A
a
bl i z
d kj i s
Vks
y dk ew
Y; , d ykxr ew
Y; gSft l es
aml dh miyC/ rk fji Q
kbujh] foi .ku rFkk dsa
Unz
, oajkT; dj Hkh ' kkfey gS
A eku yhft , ; fn ps
a
UUkbZes
ai z
fr fyVj i s
Vks
y dh dher 51-90 #i ; k gS
rks; gk l jdkj }kjk x.kuk dh xbZdherks
adk fo' ys
"k.k l q
>kfor gS
%
&
v k/ kj ew
Y;

21-93 #i ; k i z
frfyVj

mRikn ' kY
qd

14-35 #i ; k

f' k{kk ' kq


Yd

0-43 #i ; k

forjd deh' ku

1-05 #i ; k

oS
V

5-5 #i ; k

dPPksrs
y dh dLVe M~
;w
Vh

1-1 #i ; k

is
Vks
y dLVe

1-54 #i ; k

<q
y kbZ' kq
Yd

6-00 #i ; k

dq
y dher

51-90 #i ; k

v c rd Hkkjr es
ai a
i ks
ai j 22 #i ; si z
fr fyVj i s
Vks
y dsfy, miHkks
Drk 29-90 # v frfjDr v kS
j
VS
Dl Hkxqrku djrk gS
At c uhfr fuekZ
r k fu; a
=k.k eq
Dr i s
Vks
y dh dherks
aes
abruh [ kw
fc; k ns[krsgS
arc
, d v ke v kneh bl es
adks
bZxw
<+v FkZfudky ughal drk v kS
j og rksfl IkQ
Zi sVks
y ] Mht y , oav U;
Hkks
t u i dkusdsbZ
/ uks
adh c<+
r h dherks
adk fojks
/ djusdh dks
f' k' k dj l drk gS
A
11

fp=k&9 ( d)

fp=k&9 ( [ k)

mQ
i j fn, dkVw
uks
Z
adksns
f[ k, ] bu dkVZ
u
w dksns
[ kdj v ki D; k l e>rsgS
a
\ D; k ; snks
uks
adkVZ
ula
w
ca
f/ r
gS
a; snks
uksdkVw
u is
Z
Vks
y ] Mht y rFkk CNG dh c<+
r h dherks
ai j , d v ke v kneh dh Hkkoukv ksadks
v fHkO;Dr djrsgS
A v ke v kneh dsfy, ; g l e>uk dfBu gks
a
r k t k jgk gSfd ; sdhers
aD; ksac<+
jgh gSv kS
j dkS
u bl c<+
r h dher l sykHkkfUor gksjgk gS
\
is
Vks
y dh dherks
aes
agks
usokyh o`f ds#>ku dk i z
Hkko rja
xkRed gS
A Hkkjr Hkj es
al Hkh oLrq
v ksadk
q
v kokxeu okguks
adsek; e l sgks
r k gSt ksfd i s
Vks
y v kS
j Mhky l spyrk gSbl fy, i s
Vks
y dh dherksa
es
agks
usokyh bl o`f dsi fj.kke Lo: i bu oLrq
v ks
adh dherks
aes
aHkh o`f gks
r h gS
Abl l sl cl sT; knk
i js
' kku , d v ke v kneh gh gks
r k gS
A og i gysl sgh eq
nz
kLi Q
hfr dk ncko >s
y jgk gSv kS
j i sVksy ]
Mhky es
agks
usokyh dks
bZHkh o`f mudsi z
; ks
T; v k; dksde djs
xhA i s
Vks
y dh dherks
aes
agks
usokyh
bl o`f dsl kFk gh [ kk| oLrq
, Hkh egxh gks
r h t k, xh] bl dsi fj.kke Lo: i cpr de gkxsh v kS
j
[ kpZT; knkA i fj.kkeLo: i ; g fj; y , LVs
V] cS
fda
a
x rFkk vFkZ
O;oLFkk dsv U; {ks
=kks
adksHkh i zHkkfor
djs
xk v kS
j v kf[ kjdkj] vf/ d l sv f/ d yks
xks
adksxjhch js
[ kk dh v ks
j / ds
y fn; k t k, xkA
; g t kuuk v R;Ur jks
pd gSfd v Hkh v es
fjdk es
ab
/ u dh dher 3-74$ i z
fr xS
y u gSv kS
j : i ka
r j. k
dsckn ; g 53-80 : i ; si z
fr yhVj gkst krk gS
A mUgks
usi z
a
fr xS
y u dj fu/ kZ
fjr dj fn; k gS
A okLro
es
av es
fjdk es
adj v kS
j ' kq
Yd ds
oy 12&15 i z
fr' kr gks
r k gS
Ai kfdLrku es
ab
/ u dh dher gekjs; gk
l s16 i z
fr' kr de gSrksJhya
d k es
a15 i z
fr' kr deA
12

ft l l e; miHkks
Drk i s
Vks
y dh dherka
si j Hkkjh djk/ ku l si js
' kku gSBhd ml h l e; Hkkjr dh rsy
da
i fu; k v i us ykHk dsfy, l a
?k"kZdjrh fn[ k jgh gS
A Hkkjr es
a
ab
/ u dk ew
Y; fu/ kZ
j .k] ' kkfey
fofHkUu l a
LFkkv ks
adschp gks
usokyh , d t fVy i z
foz
Q
; k gS
A LFkkuh; Lrj i j b
/ u dj es
adh t kus
okyh deh] b
/ u dh dher dksde dj l drh gS
A , d jkT; l snw
l jsjkT; es
ai s
Vks
y ; k Mht y i j
yxusokysoS
V ; k ew
Y; l a
ca
f/ r djks
aes
afHkUurk gks
r h gSv kS
j ; gh ns
' kHkj es
ai s
Vks
y dh dherks
aesagksus
okysv raj dsi z
kFkfed dkj.k gS
Ai s
a
Vks
y i j oS
V dsek; e l smRiUu jkt Lo dksjkT; ks
adsHkhrj
fodkl dsfy, mi; ks
x fd; k t kuk pkfg, A; g jkT; ks
adsv k/ kj i j 15 v kS
j 33 dschp cnyrk
gSft udk fd bl i j i w
j k fu; a
=k.k gks
r k gS
A bl dsfy, mUgs
adq
N fu.kZ
; djuspkfg, A jkT; pkgsrks
oS
V dh dherks
adksc<+
k ; k de dj l drk gS
Amnkgj.k dsfy, xks
ok usv Hkh gky gh es
ai s
Vksy i j
oS
V dksde fd; k ft l dsdkj.k ogk i sVks
y 11 #i ; sl Lrk gksx; k gS
A
ges
a, d , lsk l a
rq
y u cukusdh v ko' ; drk gSt gk dks
bZO;fDr b
/ u dh fdi Q
k; rh dher dk ykHk
mBk l ds
A , d rji Qt gk gekjh l jdkj dks v i s
f{kr jkt Lo i z
kIr gks
r k gSoghanw
l jh rji Qrsy
da
i fu; ks
adksHkh mfpr fjVuZfeyrk jgrk gS
A
iw
jh i z
foz
Q
; k ; g fl djrh gSfd i s
Vks
fy; e dk ew
Y; &fu/ kZ
j .k l jdkj dsfy, t fVy pq
ukS
r h gS
A; g
miHkks
Drkv ks
] mRikndks
a
adsfgrks
adschp l a
rq
y u cukusrFkk xjhch mUew
y u dk; Z
oz
Q
eks
adsuohdj.k ds
fy, , d jkLrk cukusdh dks
f' k' k dj jgk gS
A uhpsdq
N rjhdsrFkk uhfr; k nh xbZgS
] t ksfd bl
a
l eL; k dksl q
y >kuses
avi uk ; ks
xnku ns
xhA; gk rd fd bues
a
al sdq
N rksl rr fodkl dksc<+
kok nsrs
gS
ays
fdu D; k vki bl dsvfrfjDr dq
N v kS
j mik; l ks
p l drsgS
\a
ns
' k es
afji Q
kbfua
x dh {kerk dksc<+
kusdh v ko' ; drk gSrkfd ge v i usLons
' kh Hka
Mkjksadk
mi; ks
x dj l ds
av kS
j v k; kr i j v i uh fuHkZ
j rk de dj l ds
A
a
' kks
/ u dsfy, v k/ q
fud i z
kS
| ks
fxdh dksHkw
fexr t yk' k; dk xS
l v i f' k"V mQ
"ek fjdojh i z.kkyh
dh LFkki uk dh rjg i z
; ks
x fd; k t k l drk gS
Amnkgj.k dsfy, Hkw
fexr t yk' k; dksi q
u%HkjusA
bl rjg l a
l k/ uks
adh de l sde cckZ
nh gks
xhA
i [ak]s LED yS
i ] js
a
fi z
Q
t js
Vj bR;kfn t S
l h ?kjs
y wmi; ks
x dsmidj.kks
] t ks
a
fd b
/ u dq
' ky gS
] ds
a
fodkl dksi z
ks
Rl kfgr djukAbl h i z
d kj m| ks
x , oao`Q
f"k dsfy, b
/uiz
Hkkoh e' khujh dsfodkl
13

dksHkh i z
ks
Rl kfgr djuk& t S
l sfd b
/ u iz
Hkkoh i a
i ls
V dksc<+
kok ns
ukA v a
r jkZ
"Vh; ekudksads
v uq
l kj bu midj.kks
adsfy, mQ
t kZys
cfya
x dksv ko' ; d cukukA
l kS
j iS
uyks
] ck; ks
a
xS
l ] i ou mQ
t kZbR;kfn t S
l s uohdj.kh; mQ
t kZds l z
ks
r ks
adh v ks
j eq
Mu
+k rFkk
; krk; kr fl xuyks
] l kS
a
j xht j] xz
keh.k {ks
=k es
a/ q
v k jfgr pw
Ygk v kS
j dbZv U; pht ks
adksnS
fud
t hou dh fLFkfr; ks
aes
ai z
frfnu mi; ks
x djukA
mQ
t kZdsmi; ks
x , oav i O;; dk i rk yxkusdsfy, ?kjks
] dk; kZ
a
y ; ks
a, oav U; l a
xBuks
aesamQ
t kZ
v kW
fMVka
sdk v k; ks
t u djukA bl rjg dsv kW
fMV] mQ
t kZdq
' ky midj.kksa( 3 fl rkjs) rFkk v {k;
mQ
t kZmidj.kks
adsmi ; ks
x i j fu; =
ak.k j[ k l drsgS
A
a
v uys
MV
s is
Vks
y ] Mht y es
al Yi Q
j dh de ek=kk] xS
l ks
y hu es
acs
t hu dksde djuk] cl ksarFkk
a
v kW
Vksdsfy,

CNG

dk mi; ks
x djuk rFkk i dkusdsfy,

LPG

dh t xg

PNG

dk mi; ksx

djust S
l h derj {kerk okysY; cwz
hdsa
V~
l dksmPprj {kerk okysY; w
cz
hds
V~
a
l l sfoLFkkfi r djukA
; g i ; kZ
oj.k i z
nw
"k.k dksHkh de djs
xkA
i fjorZ
u ges
' kk eq
> l s' kq
: gks
r k gS
A ge l Hkh t c v ko' ; drk ughagksrc ykbV , oai Q
u cUn
S
djds
] fut h okgu dsct k; l koZ
t fud okguks
adk mi ; ks
x djds
] dkj i w
y djds
] dkxt dsnskuksa
rji Qfy[ kdj] v i uh dye dk i u
q%
mi; ks
x djdsrFkk REDUCE, REUSE v kS
j RECYCLE ds
3'R'

dk v H; kl djdsmQ
t kZl a
j {k.k dsl ps
r iz
; kl }kjk v i uk ; ks
xnku dj l drsgS
A oLrq
a
r%

mQ
t kZcpr gh mQ
t kZmRiknu gS
A; g v kt v kS
j dy ds, d l q
[ kn t hou dsfy, v ko' ; d gS
A
xa
Fk l w
z
ph
1-

www.eia.gov

2-

www.petroleum.nic.in

3-

www.investopedia.com

4-

fu; =
ak.k gVkusi j fdjhV i kfj[ k dh fji ks
VZ

5-

rs
y , oaxS
l i f=kdk

6-

rs
y , oaxS
l ea
=kky; dh fji ks
VZ

7-

Vwfp; l Zi Q
kW
j v kW
; y fji Q
kW
El Z& fckul Vq
Ms
] fct us
l U;w
kA
14

uew
uk i z
'u
1-

VS
fi Q
d ykbV dksfl a
oz
Q
ks
ukbk djuk ; k fut h okguks
adh v i s
{ kk l koZ
t fud okgu dk mi; kxs djuk
rFkk ?kjs
y w[ ki r dsfy, l kS
j iS
uyks
adk fodkl djuk D; ks
av ko' ; d gS
\ v kS
fpR; crkb, A

va
d ; ks
t uk %; g mQ
t kZdkscpkusdsfy, v ko' ; d gS
A; fn l Hkh VS
fi Q
d ykbV dksfl a
ozQ
ksukbk
dj fn; k t k, xk rksVS
fi Q
d ykbV i j ba
r t kj djusokysokguks
a}kjk cckZ
n fd, t k jgsb
/ u dks
de dj l drsgS
A bl h rjg] ; fn ge l ps
a
r gks
d j Ldw
Vj] dkj] eks
Vjl kbfdy t S
l sfut h okguksa
dsct k; l koZ
t fud okguks
adk mi; ks
x djrsgS
arksbl l sb
/ u dh cpr gks
r h gS
A; fn ge v i us
?kjks
aes
ai z
d k' k dh O;oLFkk] ghfVa
x] di M+
k / ks
usv kS
j Ba
Mk djusdsfy, l kS
j iS
uyks
ami; ks
x djrsgS
a
rksfct yh mRiUu djusdsfy, bLrs
eky fd, t kusokyst hok'e b
/ uks
adksdki Q
h cpk l drsgS
A
a
( l exzew
Y; ka
d u] 5 v a
d)
2-

uhpsfn, x, dkVw
u dk v ; ; u dhft , rFkk bl dsi z
Z
Hkko dk fo' ys
"k.k dhft , A

va
d ; ks
t uk %mQ
i j fn; k x; k dkVw
u ; g fn[ kkrk gSfd dS
Z
l sfodkl ' khy ns
' kksadksnq
fu; k esa
c<+
r h rs
y dh dherks
al si js
' kku fd; k t k jgk gS
Aosbu c<+
r h dherks
al sfucVuses
av l eFkZgS
a
rFkk v i us dks v l gk; egl w
l djrs gS
A c<+
a
r k O;; bu fodkl ' khy ns
' kks
aes
a?kkVs dh fok
O;oLFkk v kS
j eq
nz
k Li Q
hfr dh l eL; k i S
nk djrk gS
Afu.kZ
; djusdsfy, ; g l R; gSfd ; fn ; s
fodkl ' khy ns
' k v i uh l eL; kv ks
adk gy ughafudkyrsgS
arksosbu l eL; kv ks
aes
af?kjdj jg
t k, xA
s

( l exzew
Y; ka
d u] 5 v a
d)

15

eq
Dr IkkB~
; l kexzh
v FkZ
' kkL=k ( 030)
2- fo"k; %i a
t kc es
afd l kuks
ad h n' kk d k foos
p ukRed fo' y s
"k. k
iz
Lr kouk
d`f"k {ks
=k dksv kfFkZ
d fodkl dk ba
t u ekuk x; k gS
Ai a
t kc dh v FkO
Z; oLFkk eq
[ ; r%d`f"k v k/ kfjr
gS
A ; g gfjr oz
Q
kfUr dk vxz
nw
r jgk gS
A bl sd`f"k dh n`f"V l smUUkr jkT; dgk x; k gS
A ys
fdu gfjr
oz
Q
kfUr dk ykHk v f/ drj cM+
sfdl kuka
sdksgh feyk gS
A bl dsfoi jhr l hekUr fdl ku xjhch dsekjs
gq
, gS
A i takc es
a
afdl ku i Q
l yks
adh cckZ
nh] fdl kuh es
afuja
r j ?kkVk] fcoz
Q
h dh ?kfV; k O;OkLFkk] .k
nkrkv ksadk ncko] v f/ d ykxr rFkk Nks
Vh&Nks
Vh t ks
r ks
av kfn t S
l h l eL; kv ks
al st w
> jgsgS
Ad`f"k v c
a
ykHknk; d O;ki kj ughajg x; k gS
A fdl ku dt ZdsHkkjh cks
> l sncsgS
A foxr nksn' kdks
a
aes
av usd
fdl kuks
adksv kREkgR;k, djuh i M+
h gS
A ; g o`k v ; ; u i a
a
t kc dsfdl kuks
adh nq
nZ
' kk dsdkj.kksadk
v ; ; u djusdk , d i z
; kl gS
A
nh?kkfZof/ dsv kfFkZ
d fodkl dh yM+
kbZd`f"k ds{ks
=k esgh t hrh v kS
j gkjh t k, xhA
iz
ksIkQ
l j xq
s
UUkkj feMZ
y ] uks
cy i q
j Ldkj fot srk
i takc dksl kekU;r; k Hkkjr ds^v UUk dk dVks
j k* dgk t krk gS
Ai a
t kc dh v FkZ
O;oLFkk d`f"kd jgh gS
A
; g [ kk| i nkFkksZdsmRiknu es
av kRefuHkZ
j jgk gS
A bl h dkj.k bl sl kekU;r%Hkkjrh; ks
adh ^jkV
sh dh
Vks
d jh* dgk t krk gS
Ai a
t kc Hkkjr dsHkkS
xks
fyd {ks
=ki Q
y dk ds
oy 1-57 gSv kS
j ; g ds
Unz
h; v ukt
HkM
akj es
a50 l sv f/ d dsv ukt dk ; ks
xnku djrk gS
Ajk"Vh; v kS
l r 40-38 dh rq
y uk es
ai a
t kc
es
a83 l sv f/ d Hkw
fe es
a[ ks
r h dh t krh gS
A gfjr oz
Q
kfUr dsnkS
j ku d`f"k dsv k/ q
fud midj.kksadk
mi; ks
x fd; k x; k v kS
j ia
t kc] Hkkjr dsv U; jkT; ks
adsfy, v uq
d j.kh; cu x; kAgfjr oz
Q
kfUr dh ubZ
iz
kS
| ks
fxfd; ka
sl smRiknu v kS
j mRikndrk dh o`f ds: i es
av kfFkZ
d ykHk gq
v kA
ys
fdu v kt i a
t kc i kfjfLFkfrd n`f"V l scgq
r nq
%
[ k >s
y jgk gS
Ad`f"k dsu, i z
k: i dsdkj.k jkT; esa
i kuh] jkl k; fud moZ
j dks
] dhVuk' kdks
a
av kS
j is
LV ukf' k; ks
adh eka
x cM+
h rs
t h l sc<+jgh gS
Abudsdkj.k

16

i kuh dh deh] t y&Hkjko] e`nk fuEuhdj.k v kS


j LokLF; l a
ca
/ ht S
l h v us
d l eL; k, i S
nk gksxbZgS
A
a
fdl ku dt Zes
afl j l sys
d j i ko rd Mw
csgq
, gS
A
a
c<+
r h ykxr v kS
j de mRikndrk dsdkj.k fdl kuks
adh v k; es
aHkkjh deh v kbZgS
A l h-v kj-v kj-v kb-Z
Mh- ( xz
keh.k v kS
j v k|Sks
fxd fodkl ' kks
/ ds
Unz
) ds, d v ; ; u dsv uq
l kj 93 i z
fr' kr fdl kuksadh
okf"kZ
d v k; es
aHkkjh deh v kbZgSt cfd ds
oy 3 i z
fr' kr dh v k; ykHki z
n jgh gSv kS
j 4 i zfr' kr
dh v k; fLFkj jgh gS
A( bf.M; u , Dl i z
l pa
s
Mhx<+
] v DVw
cj 20] 2003)
v k; es
adeh dsdkj.k fdl ku v i us[ kpks
a
Zdksi w
j k djusdsfy, m/ kj ysjgsgS
Ajkor ( 2003) ds
a
v uq
l kj i a
t kc ds78 i z
fr' kr fdl ku] egkt uks
] v k<+
a
fr; ks
av kS
j d`f"k dk l keku cs
pusokyst S
l sxS
j
la
LFkkxr krsksal s .k ysjgsgS
A osyks
a
x ph C;kt nj ol w
y jgsgS
A fdl kuks
a
adksde l sde 2
iz
fr' kr dh nj l si z
fr ekg poz
Q
o`f C;kt ns
uk i M+jgk gS
A; g , d jks
pd rF; gSfd okf.kT; cS
d
a
.k ns
uses
anksl Irkg dk l e; ys
r sgS
av kS
j l gdkjh cS
d yxHkx 7 fnu dk l e; yxkrsgS
a
Aysfdu
a
egkt u v kS
j v k<+
r h ds
oy v k/ sfnu es
agh .k nsns
r sgS
A
a
, d v kdyu dsv uq
l kj i a
t kc dsfdl ku 10]000 djks
M+#i , dsjk{kl h .k dscks
> rysncsgq
,
gS
av kS
j ft u fdl kuks
adsi kl , d , dM+l sHkh de Hkw
fe gS
] mu i j Hkh 1 yk[ k l sys
d j 11 yk[ k
#i ; ks
ard dk dt +
ZgS
A( ' kekZ2003)
i ta kc d sfd l kuks
ad h l eL; k,
i takc dsfdl kuks
adh i z
eq
[ k l eL; k, fuEufyf[ kr gS
%
a
1-

iQ
l y ks
ad h cckZ
nh %i a
t kc d`f"k dki Q
h gn rd ekul w
u i j fuHkZ
j gS
A [ kjkc ekul w
u dk
i fj.kke gks
r k gSde mRiknu v kS
j lw
[ kkA bl dsfoi jhr Hkkjh o"kkZi Q
l yks
adkscckZ
n dj nsrh gS
A
fdl ku ds
oy d`f"k dh v k; i j gh v kfJr gS
A bl i z
a
d kj i Q
l yks
adh cckZ
nh ds nksuksagh
mnkgj.kks
aes
afdl ku v i ; kZ
Ir v k; v kS
j nS
fud v ko' ; drkv ks
adks i w
j k u dj i kus ds dkj.k
v kRegR;k dj ys
r sgS
A
a

17

l zksr %http://punjabimohalla.com/drought-situation-in-punjab-state-demands-special-package/
fp=k&1

2-

Nks
Vh t ks
ra
s%t ks
r saNks
Vh gks
r h t k jgh gS
A oa
a
' kkxr Hkw
fe l Hkh l xsHkkbZ
&cguks
aes
acV t krh gS
]
ft l dsi fj.kkeLo: i t ks
r saNks
Vh gkst krh gS
ANks
a
Vh t ks
r ks
aes
amRiknu ykHki z
n O;ki kj ughagSv kS
j
bl dsi fj.kkeLo: i de v k; gks
r h gS
A bl hfy, Nks
Vsv kS
j l hekUr fdl kuks
adksxjhch esafnu
xq
t kjusi j et cw
j gks
uk i M+
r k gS
A; gh dHkh&dHkh mudh v kRegR;k dk dkj.k Hkh cu t krk gS
A

3-

v uko' ; d . k %Nks
Vh t ks
r ks
aes
ad`f"k ds egxs v k/ q
fud midj.k [ kjhnuk mfpr ughagS
ys
fdu l kekft d ck; rk v kS
j iz
n' kZ
u dh gks
M+es
ai a
t kc dsv kS
j l hekUr fdl ku Hkh v uko' ; d
: i l sd`f"k midj.kks
adh [ kjhn es
ayxsjgrsgS
] Hkysgh osbUgs
a
a[ kjhnuses
al eFkZv kS
j l {ke u
gks
Abudsfy, osv uko' ; d m/ kj ysys
a
r sgS
aHkysgh Nks
Vh t ks
r ks
av kS
j de mRiknu dsdkj.k os
m/ kj pq
d kuses
av l eFkZgks
A
a

4-

fxj r k t y Lr j %i a
t kc es
aeq
[ ; r%xs
gw
v kS
j pkoy i S
nk fd; k t krk gS
A pkoy dh [ ksrh ds
fy, Hkkjh ek=kk es
ai kuh dh v ko' ; drk gks
r h gS
A ' kL; korZ
u es
ade #fp gks
usdsdkj.k] ogk
pkoy&xs
gwdsv korZ
u dh , d i Q
l yh [ ks
r h dh t krh gS
A budksv f/ d i kuh dh t +
: jr gksrh
gS
] ft l dsi fj.kkeLo: i i a
t kc es
at yLrj uhpsfxj jgk gS
Afi Nysn' kd es
ae; orhZi a
t kc ds
18

t y Lrj es
ai z
fro"kZ-55 ehVj dh fxjkoV gksjgh gS
Ai a
t kc dsdq
N LFkkuks
aes
aHkw
&t y dk Lrj
0-75 l sys
d j 1 ehVj i z
fro"kZdh nj l sfxjk gS
A( ghjk v kS
j [ kS
j k 2004) t y Lrj es
afxjkoV
dsdkj.k fdl kuks
adksi ; kZ
Ir i kuh dsfy, uy&dw
i ka
sdksv kS
j xgjk djuk i M+jgk gS
A fp=k&1
es
ai a
t kc ds, d O;fFkr fdl ku dksv i usl w
[ kkxz
Lr [ ks
r es
afn[ kk; k x; k gS
A
5-

. knkr k , t s
fUl ; ks
a; k egkt uks
ad k ncko%d`f"k .k fdl kuks
adk i z
eq
[ k fuos
' k gS
A fuj{kjrk
v kS
j m/ kj ns
uses
acS
d ksdh t fVy v kS
a
i pkfjdrkv ks
adsdkj.k fdl ku egkt uks
av kS
j v k<+
fr; ksal s
.k ysys
r sgS
aD; ks
fd mudsfy, .k i z
a
kfIr dk v kl ku l h/ k&l knk rjhdk gS
A; segkt u ph
C;kt njks
ai j .k ns
r sgS
Am/ kj pq
a
d kusdh v i ; kZ
Ir l e; kof/ ] ph C;kt njks
av kfn dsdkj.k
fdl ku v ol kn es
at hrsgS
A
a

6-

fuos
' k d h p h y kxr %jkl k; fud moZ
j dk]s
ai s
LVukf' k; ks
av kS
j dhVuk' kdks
adh dhers
ai zfro"kZ
c<+
r h gh t k jgh gS
Abl dsfoi jhr d`f"k dh v k; ml h nj l sughac<+jgh gS
a
Abl fy, ykHk dh
ek=kk ?kVusdsdkj. k fdl ku xjhc gks
r st k jgsgS
A
a

7-

[ kfsr gj et nw
j ksad k d e fey uk %fi Nysdq
N n' kdks
aes
afcgkj] mkj i z
ns
' k v kfn l s[ ksfrgj
et nw
j ia
t kc v k; k djrsFks
A ys
fdu Hkkjr l jdkj }kjk jks
t xkj l `t u dh ; ks
t uk, t S
l s( ujsxk
jk"Vh
; xz
keh.k jks
t xkj xkja
Vh dkuw
u) ] , u v kj , y , e ( jk"Vh; xz
keh.k v kt hfodk fe' ku) v kfn
ds' k:q gks
usdsckn bu et nw
j ks
adksv i usgh x`g jkT; ks
aes
ajks
t xkj feyusyxk gS
Abl dsi fj.kke
Lo: i i a
t kc es
a[ ks
frgj et nw
j ks
adh deh gksxbZgS
A de et nw
j ks
adsfeyusdsdkj.k LFkkuh;
et nw
j ka
sdksv f/ d et nw
j h ns
uh i M+jgh gS
] ft l l sfdl kuks
adk ykHk v kS
j ?kV x; k gS
A

8-

iQ
l y ks
ad k mfpr ew
Y; u fey uk %; g fcYdq
y l p ckr gSfd fdl kuks
adksv i uh i Q
l yksa
dk mfpr ew
Y; ughafeyrk gS
AmiHkks
Drk t ksHkh dher pq
d krsga
] og i w
S
j h dh i w
j h fdl kuksadks
ughafeyrh gS
] v kS
j e; LFk rFkk O;ki kjh bl dk v f/ drj Hkkx yst krsgS
Abl dk dkj.k gSfd
a
fdl ku l h/ smiHkks
Drkv ks
ard ughai gq
p i krsgS
av kS
j mUgs
ae; LFkks
av kS
j O;ki kfj; ks
ai j fuHkZ
j
jguk gh i M+
r k gS
Afp=k&2 es
ai a
t kc dh , d v ukt ea
Mh dk n`' ; fn[ kk; k x; k gS
A

19

lz
ks
r %http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2767170/
MY-BIZ-Farmers-set-harvest-bumper-Basmati-crop-despite-drought-Punjab.html

fp=k&2

9-

l kekft d d kj d %bl es
a' kknh&C;kg v kS
j l kekft d mRl oks
av kfn i j gks
usokyk [ kpZ' kkfey
gS
A ; g l PPkkbZgSfd fdl ku dq
y .k dk 53 .k v uq
Riknd dk; ks
Zdsfy, ys
r sgS
A ; gh
a
ughal kekft d ck; rkv ks
adsdkj.k os' kkfn; ks
ai j fo' kky edku cukus
] egxh dkj v kfn [ kjhnus
i j [ kyqsgkFkksa[ kpZdjrsgS
A bl dk i fj.kke gks
a
r k gSfdl kuks
ai j Hkkjh v kfFkZ
d cks
>A i j fn,
x, dkjd fdl kuks
adh n' kk dkscgq
r la
d Ve; cuk ns
r sgS
Amudh v k; dk v U; dks
a
bZ ksr ugha
gks
r k v kS
j bl hfy, osxjhch dspa
xq
y es
ai Q
l dj t husdkset cw
j gkst krsgS
Afuj{kjrk dsdkj.k
a
fdl ku jks
t xkj dsv U; {ks
=kks
aes
at kusyk; d Hkh ugh gS
A ; fn dq
a
N i <+
sfy[ ksHkh gS
] rksHkh
a
mudh l ks
p : f<+
oknh gks
r h gSv kS
j osv U; jks
t xkj es
at kusdsbPNq
d ughagks
rs
A bl i zd kj
iz
frdw
y v kfFkZ
d v kS
j l kekft d dkjd] fdl kuks
adksxjhch v kS
j fokh; l a
dV t S
l snq
' pozQesa
iQ
l usdkset cw
j dj ns
r sgS
A
a
i takc jkT; es
a2000 v kS
j 2010 dh v of/ es
ai z
fr nksfnu es
arhu v kRegR;k, ; k v kS
l ru i zfr
o"kZ500 v kRegR;kv ks
adh nj l syxHkx 5000 fdl kuks
av kS
j [ ks
frgj et nw
j ks
ausfokh; l a
d Vksal s
et cw
j gks
d j v kRegR;k, dh gS
Abu 5000 v kRegR;kv ks
a
aes
al syxHkx 3000 fdl kuks
ausi takc ds
ds
oy nks ft yks
al a
x: j v kS
j HkfVa
Mk es
av kREkgR;k, dh gS
A ; g l os
a
{ k.k i a
Z
t kc jkT; ds rhu
fo' ofo| ky; ks
] ia
a
t kch fo' ofo| ky; ( i fV; kyk) ] i a
t kc o`Q
f"k fo' ofo| ky; (yq
f/ ; kuk) v kS
j xq
:
ukud ns
o fo' ofo| ky; ( v e`r l j) }kjk fd; k x; k FkkA
20

fofHkUUk l ekpkj i =kks


aes
al ekpkj
nks . kxz
Lr fd l kuks
ausd h v kRegR
;k
&ebZ22] 2014 (HkfVa
Mk] i a
t kc) , pVhl h fgUnq
Lrku VkbEl
Ika
t kc es
ai z
fr nksfnu es
ar hu fd l ku v kRegR
; k d j j gsgS
A
a
&ebZ26] 2014 ( pa
Mhx<+
) fVC;w
u l kekpkj l s
ok
Ika
t kc es
a . kxLr fd l ku usv kRegR;k d h
fl rEcj 07] 2014 ( pa
Mhx<+
) v kmVyq
d
Ika
t kc ea
sfdl kuks
adh v kRegR;kv ks
al st q
M+
h bl i z
d kj dh [ kcjs
ayxHkx gj l Irkg ns
[ kh t k l drh gS
A
a
i j nh xbZ[ kcjks
a ds v uq
l kj , d rFkkdfFkr .kxz
Lr fdl ku us i a
t kc ds ekul k ft ys ds
ps
gyuokyk xka
o esjs
y dsl keusdw
n dj v kRegR;k dh ( l ekpkj i q
fyl dsl w
=kks
al s
) A xz
keh.kksads
v uq
l kj] fdl ku : i fl a
g ( 62) i j 2 yk[ k #i ; ks
adk dt ZFkk] ft l sys
d j og v ol kn esaFkk]
D; ks
fd ml dh yxHkx rhu , dM+dh i Q
a
l y ew
l yk/ kj o"kkZdsdkj.k u"V gksxbZFkhA fp=k&3 esa
i takc ds , d ft yk i z
' kkl u i fjl j es
afdl kuks
ads ( ft Ugks
us .k ds ncko es
a
av kRegR;k, adha
)
i fjokjt uks
a}kjk fojks
/ iz
n' kZ
u fn[ kk; k x; k gS
A

lz
ks
r %http://www.dailymail.co.uk/indiahome/indianews/article-2798501/
protesters-slam-apathy-punjab-government-farmer-suicide-compensation.html

fp=k&3
21

.k u ykS
Vk i kusdsdkj.k v kRegR;k djusokysfdl kuks
adsi fjokj dsl nL; ks
aus
] jkT; l jdkj ds
f[ kyki Qes
aft yk i z
' kkl u Hkou dsckgj / juk fn; kA
i takc jkT; dsvykok egkjk"V] v ks
fM' kk] dukZ
Vd] ds
j y v kS
j v k/ zi z
ns
'kt S
l sjkT; ks
aes
aHkh fdl ku
v kRegR;k, dj jgsgS
Ajk"Vh; v i jk/ fjdkMZC;w
a
j ks(2010) dsv uq
l kj Hkkjr es
al u~1995 es
a10]720
fdl kuks
ausrFkk l u~2000 es
a16]603 fdl kuks
aus
av kRegR;k, dha
A v kd M+
scrkrsgS
afd o"kZ2005 esa
dq
y 17]131 fdl kuks
ausv kRegR;k, dhav kS
j o"kZ2010 es
a15]964 fdl kuks
ausv kRegR;k, dha
A bl
iz
d kj 1995 l sys
d j 2010 rd dq
y 2]56]913 fdl ku v kRegR;k, dj pq
d sgS
A
a
fu"d "kZ%fdl kuks
adh bl nq
nZ
' kk l sns
' k es
ad`f"k&xz
keh.k fodkl ; ks
t ukv ksadh l a
d Yi uk i j i z
' ufp
yx t krk gSd`f"k jk"Vh; v FkZ
O;oLFkk dh i ks
"kd gS
] ys
fdu v kt Hkh ; g l cl sv f/ d mis
f{kr gS
A
fdl kuks
a}kjk dh t kusokyh v kRegR;kv ks
adh c<+
rh l a
[ ; k dsi z
fr dks
bZHkh v l a
os
nu' khy ughajg
l drkA ds
Unz
h; v kS
j jkT; l jdkjksadks v kxs c<+
d j bl fn' kk es
amfpr Bks
l dne mBkus pkfg, A
fdl kuks
adksegkt uks
av kS
j v k<+
fr; ks
adsi a
t ks
al sNq
M+
kusdsfy, .k l q
fo/ kv ks
adh v kl ku miyfC/
lq
fuf' pr dh t kuh pkfg, Al jdkj dksNks
Vsv kS
j l hekUr fdl kuks
adksde C;kt njks
ai j .k miyC/
djkusdsfy, ^Lo; al gk; rk l ew
gksa
* dh dk; Z
uhfr v i ukuh pkfg, ] D; ks
fd ; sgh fdl ku v i uh .k
a
la
c/ah k: jrks
adksi w
j k djusdsfy, egkt uks
av kS
j v k<+
fr; ks
ai j v kfJr jgrsgS
A
a
iQ
Lkyks
adh fcoz
Q
hi z
eq
[ k l eL; k gS
] ft l dk l ek/ ku l jdkj dks<w
<uk gS
a
A e; LFkks
a( fcpkS
fy; ksa
) dh
Hkw
fedk v kS
j la
[ ; k de l sde gks
uh pkfg, rkfd mudsmRiknksadsfy, t ksdher miHkks
Drk dksnsuh
i M+
r h gS
] ml dk l cl scM+
k Hkkx fdl kuks
adksfeys
A U;w
ure l eFkZ
u ew
Y; c<+
kuk pkfg, v kS
j fdl kuksa
dks d`f"k fuos
' k ( midj.k] moZ
j d v kfn) ds fy, v kfFkZ
d l gk; rk feyuh pkfg, A , d O;ki d
d`f"k&chek ; ks
t uk ykxwgks
uh pkfg, Ai s
LV ukf' k; ks
av kS
j moZ
j dks
adh dherks
adksde djus; k cpkusds
fy, t S
fod d`f"k dksi z
ks
Rl kfgr djuk pkfg, A d`f"k uhfr es
acnyko dh v ko' ; drk gS
A da
i fu; ksads
fy, fd, t kusi {ki kr v FkkZ
r ^da
i uh i gys
* dsLFkku i j fdl kuks
adksi zkFkfedrk nh t kuh pkfg, A
ds
oy o`Q
f"k {ks
=k i j v k/ kfjr v kt hfodk dscks
> dksde djusdsfy, fdl kuks
adksMs
j h o`Q
f"k]
eNyh i kyu] e/ q
eD[ kh i kyu] eq
xhZi kyu t S
l sfoz
Q
; k dyki ks
adksv i ukusdsfy, i z
ks
Rl kfgr fd; k
t kuk pkfg, A bu l c dk; ks
Zdsfy, v kfFkZ
d l gk; rk v kS
j de C;kt njks
ai j .k dh l q
fo/ k i znku
djuh pkfg, Audnh i Q
l yks
at S
l sdi kl ] xUUkk v kS
j [ kk| rs
y ks
ai j fo' ks
"k ; ku ns
usdh k: jr gS
A
22

v k/ kj xz
UFk %
fuEufyf[ kr ks
r ks
al sbl v ; ; u dsfy, l kexz
ht q
VkbZxbZgS
]

ghjk t h-, l - v kS
j [ kS
j k ds
-, y- ( 2000)
Rice-Wheat Production System,

Water Resource Management in Punjab under

' kks
/ i =k] i a
t kc d`f"k fo' o fo| ky; yq
f/ ; kukA

jk"Vh; v i jk/ fjdkMZC;w


j ks( 2010)

bf.M; u , Dl i s
l
z

bf.M; u , Dl i z
l ] p.Mhx<+
s
] 20 v DVw
cj] 2003 jkor] fogky ( 2003)

High Inputs Affecting Farmers Profit Margin

Readjustment d`f"k v kt dy*

fu' kk ' kekZ( 2003)

Time for Policy

t uojh 2003 dk v a
dA

Wheat Granary Suffers,

l gkjk VkbEl 4 v DVw


cj 2003

uew
uk i z
'u %
12-

D; k v ki dsfopkj l sNks
Vsv kS
j l hekUr fdl kuks
adsfy, Hkh fudV Hkfo"; es
ao`Q
f"k , d ykHki zn
O;ol k; gksl drk gS
\ v i usmkj dh i q
f"V es
ardZnhft , A

( 5)

v i usjkT; dsfdl kuks


adh n' kk i j , d foos
pukRed fVIIk.kh fyf[ k, A

( 5)

iz
Lr kfor mkj %
1-

d`f"k] fudV Hkfo"; es


aNks
Vsv kS
j l hekUr fdl kuks
adsfy, Hkh ykHki z
n O;ki kj gksl drk gS
AdsUnz
v kS
j jkT; l jdkjks
adksfuEufyf[ kr mik; djusdh vko' ; drk gS
%

fdl kuks
adksde C;kt njks
ai j v kl kuh l s .k miyC/ djuk pkfg, A

o`Q
f"k dh l kexz
h [ kjhnusdsfy, v uq
nku v kS
j v kfFkZ
d l gk; rk nh t kuh pkfg, A

iQ
l yks
adh fcoz
Q
h i j fu; U=k.k gks
uk pkfg, rFkk fcpkS
fy; ks
av kS
j O;ki kfj; ks
adh Hkw
fedk dks
de l sde djuk pkfg, A

iQ
l yks
adk U;w
ure l eFkZ
u ew
Y; c<+
kuk pkfg, A

23

d`f"k {ks
=k i j xq
t kjsdscks
> dksde djusdsfy, fdl kuks
adksnq
/ k: i ' kq
i kyu l gk; d
foz
Q
; kdyki ] eNyh i kyu] e/ q
eD[ kh i kyu] eq
xhZi kyu t S
l sv i ukusdsfy, i z
kR
sl kfgr
djuk pkfg, A

2-

fo| kfFkZ
; ks
ads}kjk fyf[ kr dks
bZv U; i z
kl a
fxd rdZ
A

( l exzew
Y; ka
d u] 5 v a
d)

v i usjkT; ea
sfdl kuks
adh n' kk i j , d foos
pukRed fVIi .kh fyf[ k, Afo| kfFkZ
; ks
adksv i usjkT;
dsfdl kuks
adh n' kk dsfo"k; es
afy[ kuk pkfg, %

v ki dsjkT; es
adkS
u l hi Q
l ys
ai S
nk dh t krh gS
a
\ D; k fdl kuks
adksv i uh i Q
l yksadk
mfpr ew
Y; fey i krk gS
\

D; k fdl ku d`f"k l sgks


usokyh v i uh v k; l sl a
rq
"V gS
a
\ ; fn ugharksD; ks
\
a

D; k v ki dsjkT; es
afdl kuks
adksde C;kt nj i j v kl kuh l s .k fey t krk gS
\

v ki dsjkT; es
afdl kuks
adksfdu eq
[ ; ks
r ksal s .k miyC/ gS
\

fo| kfFkZ
; ks
a}kjk fyf[ kr dks
bZv U; i z
ka
l fxd rdZ
A

24

( l exzew
Y; ka
d u] 5 v a
d)

You might also like