Mates Orals Stuff

Topics and links :
Table of Contents :
Chapter 01 : TpublicationsT | admiralty distance tablesT | Tadmiralty list of light and fog
signalsT | Tadmiralty list of notices to marinersT | Tadmiralty list of radio signalsT | Tadmiralty
sailing directionsT | Tadmiralty tide tablesT | Tannual summary of admiralty noticesT | Tbridge
procedures guideT | Tchart catalogueT | Tcode of safe working practicesT | Tcumulative notices
to marinersT | Tguide to port entryT | Tm noticesT | Tmariners handbookT | Tms noticesT |
Tms notices indianT | Tnautical almanacT | Tocean passages of the worldT | Tregulation for
carriage of publicationsT | Tships routingT | Ttidal stream atlasesT |
Chapter 02 : anchor certificateT | chain cable certificateT | drop test for cast anchorsT | marks
on anchorsT | test on anchor cablesT | Ttests on anchorsT |
Chapter 03 : Tballast water managementT | committee tackling ballast water problemT |
Tharmful aquatic organisms in ballast waterT |
Chapter 04 : Tbridge equipmentT | TautopilotT | Tdoppler logsT | Techo sounderT |
Telectromagnetic logsT | TgpsT | Tgps errors of systemT | Tgps ground segmentT | Tgps
pseudo rangeT | Tgps space segmentT | Tgps user segmentT | Tgps various dilutions of
precisionT | TlogsT |
Chapter 05 : Tbulk carrier codeT |
1.Publications.
Descriptions of publications on board
Carriage of nautical publications ;
Section A Publications which must be carried by sea-going passenger vessels and all other
vessels over 300 gross tons.
1. International code of signals.
2. The mariners hand-book.
Section A Publications for which only those parts relevant to a vessels voyage and operation
must be carried.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
merchant shipping notices, marine guidance notes and marine information notes.
Notices to mariners.
Lists of radio signals.
Lists of lights.
Sailing directions.
Nautical almanac.
Navigational tables.
Tide tables.
Tidal stream atlases.
10. Operating and maintenance instructions for nabvigatiional aids carried.
Ships Routeing:
Part A: General, Design Criteria And Symbols.
Part
Part
Part
Part
Part
B: Tss.
C: Deep Water Routes.
D: Area To Be Avoided.
E: Other Routeing Measures.
F: Associated Rules And Recommendations Of Navigation.
Mariners Handbook: Np 100.

Chapter 1: Charts, Navigational Information, Supply Of Charts, Nav Warnings Etc.
Chapter 2: Use Of Charts And Other Nav Aids, Fixing Positions On Charts, Light And Fog
Signals, Buoyage, Echo Sounding Etc.
Chapter 3: Operational Information And Regulations.
Chapter 4: The Sea.
Chapter 5: Meteorology.
Chapter 6: Sea - Ice - Icebergs.
Chapter 7: Operations In Polar Regions Where Ice Is Prevalent.
Chapter 8: Observing And Reporting Hydro Information.
Code Of Safe Working Practices For Merchant Seamen:
This Code Provides A Sound Basis Upon Which The Concerned Can Establish And Maintain Safe
Working Conditions On Board Ships At Sea And In Port And Designed to Reduce The Number Of
Accidents.
Published For The Maritime And Coastguard Agency Under License From The Controller Of Her
Majesties Stationery Office.
Contents Being :
Section 1: Safety Responsiblities/Shipboard Management.

Chpt 1: Risk Assessment.
Chpt 2: Health Surveillance.
Chpt 3: Safety Officials.
Chpt 4: Personal Protective Equipment.
Chpt 5: Safety Signs.
Chpt 6: Means Of Access And Safe Movement.
Chpt 7: Work Equipment.
Section 2: Personal Health And Safety.
Chpt 8: Safety Induction.
Chpt 9: Fire Precautions.
Chpt 10: Emergency Procedures.
Chpt 11: Security On Board.
Chpt 12: Living On Board.
Chpt 13: Safe Movement.
Chpt 14: Food Preperation And Handling.
Section 3: Work Activities.
Chpt 15: Safe Systems Of Work.
Chpt 16: Permit To Work Systems.
Chpt 17: Entering Enclosed And Confined Spaces.
Chpt 18: Boarding Arrangements.
Chpt 19: Manual Handling.
Chpt 20: Use Of Work Equipment.
Chpt 21: Lifting Plant.
Chpt 22: Mantainence.

Chpt 23: Hotwork.
Chpt 24: Painting.
Chpt 25: Anchoring, Mooring And Towing Operations.
Chpt 26: Hatch Covers And Access Lids.
Chpt 27: Hazardous Substances.
Chpt 28: Use Of Safety Signs.
Section 4: Specialist Ships.( Later To Be Published.)
Chpt 29: Dry Cargo Ships.
Chpt 30: Tankers And Other Ships Carrying Bulk Liquid Cargoes.
Chpt 31: Ships Serving Offshore Gas And Oil Installations.
Chpt 32: Ro-Ro Ferries.
Chpt 33: Port Towage Industry.
Section 5: Appendixes
Appendix 1: Standard Specifications Refered To In This Code.
Appendix 2: Bibliography.
Bridge Procedures Guide:
Published By: International Chamber Of Shipping. Edn Referred To: 1990

Foreword
Purpose And Scope
References
Part A: Guidance For Masters And Watch Keeping Officers

Bridge Organisation
1. General
2. Passage Plan.
3. Safety System - Maintenance And Training.
Passage Planning
1.
2.
3.
4.
Responsibility For Passage Planning

Pilotage And Passage Planning.
Notes On Passage Planning.
Parallel Index Plotting.
Duties Of The Officer On Watch
1. General
2. Keeping A Good Watch.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
Main Engines.
Changing Over The Watch.
Periodic Checks Of Navigational Equipment.
Helmsman / Autopilot.
Navigation In Coastal Waters.
Restricted Visiblity.
Calling The Master.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Navigation With Pilot Embarked.

Watchkeeping Personnel.
Search And Rescue.
Helicopter Operations.
Log Books.
Bridge And Emergency Checklists.
Ship At Anchor.
Ships Draft And Manoeuvering Information.
Bridge Located Systems / Systems Controls / Monitoring And Operations.
1. Operation And Mantaince Of Navigational Equipment

2. General
3. Radar And Arpa.
4. Steering Gear And Autopilot.
5. Gyro And Magnetic Compasses.
6. Chronometres.
7. Echo Sounders.
8. Speed And Distance Recorders.
9. Electronic Position Fixing Aids.
10. Direction Finders.
10. Hydrographic Publications.
11. Emergency Navigational Lights And Signal Equipment.
12. Radiotelephone.
13. Ship Radio Reporting Systems And Requirements.
Annex I: Pilot Card.
Annex Ii: Wheelhouse Poster.
Annex Iii: Guidance On Steering Gear Test Routines.
Annex Iv: Notice On The Correct Use Of Vhf Channels.
Annex V: Required Boarding Arrangements For Pilots.
Part B: Bridge Checklists.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Familiarisation With Bridge Equipment.

Daily Tests And Checks.
Preparation For Sea.
Embarkation / Disembarkation Of Pilot.
Master / Pilot Information Exchange.
Navigation, Deep-Sea.
Navigation, Coastal Waters / Traffic Seperation Schemes.
Changing Over The Watch.
Preparation For Arrival In Port.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Anchoring And Anchor Watch.

Restricted Visibility.
Navigating In Heavy Weather Or In Tropical Storm Areas.
Navigating In Ice.
Part C: Emergency Checklists (Red Pages)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Main Engine Failure.

Steering Failure.
Gyro Failure / Compass Failure.
Bridge Control / Telegraph Failure.
Imminent Collision / Collision.
Stranding.
Fire.
Flooding.
boat / Liferaft Stations
10. Man Over Board.
11. Search And Rescue.
M/S Notices:
Contains Essential Information For The Safety Of Merchantr Ships And Seamen. These Notices
Are Guidelines To Surveyors, Marine Supers And Followed By Ship Owners, Masters, Ship
Builders, Classification Societies For Inspection Mantainence And Operation Of Ships.
These Notices Are To Be Corrected And Updated Or New Notices Are Issued In The Form Of
Suppliments. They Will Be Superceded Or Cancelled.
M. Notices - Issued By The British Government. (For A List Of The M Notices Currently In
Force.
.
Ms. Notices - Issued By The Indian Government Through The Compilation Of The M.S Notices
For The Year 98.)
Admirality Tide Tables:
Volume 1: Np 201 - United Kingdom And Ireland.
Volume 2: Np 202 - European Waters Including Mediteranean Sea.
Volume 3: Np 203 - South China Sea And Indian Ocean.
Volume 4: Np 204 - Pacific Ocean And Adjacent Seas.
On The Back Cover The Map Of The World Showing The Limits Of Each Volume Is Drawn. Each
Volume Is Divided Into Three Parts:
Part 1: Primary Ports. Giving Daily Predictions Of Time Of Low And High Waters.
Part 2: Data Of Secondary Ports.
Part 3: Principle Of Harmonic Constants.
Important Definitions:
1. 1. Bore Tide: As A Progressive Wave Enters Shallow Waters Its Speed Decreases. Since The
Trough Is Shallower Than The Crest Retardation Is Greater Resulting In The Steepening Of
Wave Front So In Estuaries Advance Of Trough Is So-Much Retarded That The Crest Of The
Rising Tide Overtakes It And Advances Upstream In A Churning Wall Of Water.. Dangerous For
Moored Ships Which Can Surge.
2. 2. Chart Datum: Lowest Astronomical Tide Below Which The Level Of Water Doesnt Usually
Fall.
3. Negative Surges: Fall In Low Water Or Predicted Water Due To Meteorological Reasons.
4. Seiches: Occurs In A Confined Body Of Water. A Long Wave Having Crest At One End And
Trough At Other End Of Confined Space.Abrupt Changes In Meteorological Conditions Like
Passage Of An Intense Depression Or Line Of Squall May Cause Oscillations Of Sea Level, So
The P0eriod Between Successive Waves Can Be Unpredictable, Few Minutes To Two Hours.
Tidal Stream Atlases:
Gives The Tidal Prediction For Every Hour Including Rate And Directions Of The Springs And
Neaps For Each Of The 6 Hours Before And After High Water For A Particular Place.
11 Volumes + 3 Extra Volumes Which Cover South East Asia Including Malaca Straits.
Admirality List Of Light And Fog Signals:
Consists Of 11 Volumes, A To L Except I . Since I Cannot Be Mistaken For 1.

Published Every 15 Months.
Corrections For These Books Are Issued Under Section 5 Of The Weekly Notices To Mariners.
The Item To Be Corrected Will Have An Asterix Marked Under It Though The Whole Row May
Be Pasted Upon.
Contents:
1. Geographical Range Diagram / Luminous Range Diagram.
On The Horizontal Axis - Nominal Range.

On The Vertical Axis - Luminous Range.
Within The Quadrant Are Meteorological Visibility Curves.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Abbreviations Used.
Explainations Of Lights.
Chacteristics Of Lights.
Oil And Gas Production Installation
World Map Is Drawn On The Cover Indicating The Limits Of Each Volume.
The Format For The Table Of Contents Is:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Light Number.
Location And Name.
Lat / Long.
Characteristics And Intensity.
Elevation In Metres.
Nominal Range.
Description Of Structure.
Remarks.
Definitions:
1. Geographical Range: It Is The Theoretical Range Considering The Curvature Of The Earth And
The Refractivity Of The Atmosphere. {2.095 ( Sq Rt Of Ht Of Eye + Sq Rt Ht Of Object)}.
2. The Nominal Range: It Is The Luminous Range When The Met. Visiblity Is 10 Miles.
Admirality List Of Radio Signals:
8 Volumes Published Annually Except For Volume 4 Which Is Published Every 18 Months.
Corrections For These Are Issued Every Week Under Section 6 Of The Weekly Notices To
Mariners.
Alrs. Volume 1: Np - 281; Coast Radio Station, Public Correspondence.
Includes All Frequencies And Classes Of Emmisions.

Information About Medical Advice By Radio - Inmarsat.
Maritime Satellite Service.
G.m.d.s.s.
Ship Reporting System.
Piracy Reports.
Regulations For Use Of Radio In Terminal Waters.
Brief Extract Of Radio Regulations Together With Ass Diagrams.
Part 1: Europe, Africa And Asia (Exclude Phillipines And Indonesia).
Part 2: Phillipines, Indonesia, America, Australia, Greenland And Iceland.
Alrs. Volume 2: Np - 282; Radio Navigational Aids
Includes Radio Direction Finding.

Radar Beacons.
Radio Time Signals.
Electronic Position Fixing Systems.
Alrs. Volume 3: Np - 283; Radio Weather Services And Nav Warnings Together With Other
M.S.I. Broadcasts. (Marine Safety Information).
Part 1: Europe, Africa And Asia (Exclude Phillipines And Indonesia).
Part 2: Phillipines, Indonesia, America, Australia, Greenland And Iceland.
Alrs Volume 4: Np 284 - List Of Meteorological Observation Stations.
This Volume Is Also Available On Floppy.

Alrs Volume 5: Np - 285; Gmdss.
Alrs Volume 6: Np - 286; Pilot Services And Port Operations.
Includes All The Maritime Radio Procedures Essential To Assist Vessels Requiring Pilots And/Or
Entering Ports.
Part 1: Europe And Mediterranean.
Part 2: Africa, Asia, Australia, America, Greenland And Iceland.
Alrs Volume 8: Np - 288; Satellite Navigation Systems.
Contains All The Information On All Aspects Of Satellite Navigation Systems Including Detailed
Explaination And Advise On Various Position Error Sources.
Nautical Almanac:
Published Every Year And It Contains Tabulated Data Of The Entire Year For The Practice Of
Astronomical Navigation At Sea.
Function Has Also Been Provided To Use The Almanac Of The Previous Year For The
Subsequent Year In Case The Supply Of The Almanac Has Been Delayed On Board.
Admirality Distance Tables: Np - 350
Published In Three Volumes:
Volume 1: Np - 350(1) Atlantic Ocean And Connected Seas.
Volume 2: Np - 350(2) Indian Ocean And Connected Seas.
Volume 3: Np - 350(3) Pacific Ocean And Connected Seas.
These Distances Are Given In Nautical Miles And Are The Shortest Navigable Distance Without
Concidering The Advantage Of Current And Weather.
Trans Oceanin Distances May Be Found By Concidering A Link Port Or Position Common To
Both These Oceans.
Ocean Passages Of The World: Np - 136
The Hydrographer Of The Navy Publishes It.

It Is Used In Planning Deep Sea Voyages.
Contains Notes On Meteorological Factors Affecting The Passage.
Guides A Mariner To Follow The Best Passage In A Particular Month Through A Particular
Stretch.
It Is A Unique Admirality Publication, In Which Sailing Vessels Are Dealt With Seperately.
In Passage Planning Both The Asd. And Opw. Are Valuable Publications To Refer To.
While Asd. Is Generally Required For Coastal Navigation The Opw. Is Required For Ocean
Navigation.
It Is Divided Into 4 Parts:
Part
Part
Part
Part
1:
2:
3:
4:
Power Driven Vessels, Chapter 1 To 8.

Sailing Vessels, Chapter 9 To 11.
A Comprehensive General Index.
Charts And Diagrams.
The Book Gives A Number Of Illustrative Charts And Diagrams Showing Principal Routes
Between Key Places To Guide A Mariner In General.
Additionally Following Charts Are Found.
1.
2.
3.
4.
World Climatic Charts. (Jan. - July.)

Tracks Followed By Sailing And Auxillary Powered Vessels.
World Ocean Currents.
Loadline Rules, Zones, Areas And Seasonal Periods.
O.p.w Is Kept Upto-date By A Periodical Suppliment.
Chart Catalogue: Np - 131

Published By The Hydrographer Of The Navy Every Year. It Consists Of 37 Sections, Which
Gives The Date Of Publication, Date Of Current Edition, Coverage Area Of A Publication,
Diagrammatic Index Of Coverage And Titles Of Various Charts And Publications.
It Also Gives The Details Of The Agent From Whom To Procure Them With The Price Of Each
Item.
Some Of The Important Contents Are Listed Below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
General Information.
List Of Admirality Charts And Agents.
Numerical List Of Charts And Publications.
Limits Of Chart Index.
Limits Of Small Scale Charts.
List Of Chain Details Of Decca - Loran Charts.
Wall And Outline Charts.
Routeing Charts.
Fisheries Charts.
10. List Of Admirality Sailing Directions.
Guide To Port Entry:
The Guide To Port Entry Is Published In Two Volumes Covering The Ports Of The Entire World
Using A Variety Of Informations Regarding Various Aspects Of Ports.
The Information Provided Is Thoroghly Professional And Is Of Great Value Not Only To Ship
Masters But Also To Charterers, Owners And To Various Parties Connected Shipping.
Each Volume Is Further Divided Into Two Parts:
1. Description Of The Port Is Given In A Very Systematic Way.

2. Yellow Pages Giving Plans And Mooring Diagrammes Of Various Ports Which May Be Useful To
The Ships Officers.
The Contents Can Be Classified As Follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Port Limits.
Documents.
Pilotage.
Health.
Police And Ambulance.
Services.
Emergency.
Banks.
Currency.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Seamans Clubs.
Developments.
Ships Masters Reports.
Authority And Quarintine Agents.
Admirality Sailing Directions:
72 Volumes The Suppliments Of Whose, Are Published Every 18 To 24 Months.

Popularly Known As Pilots.
Provide Valuable Information That May Be Needed By A Mariner Regarding Any Area.
Various Navigable Areas All Over The World Are Covered By Different Asd. Volumes.
A Diagrammatic Key Showing Boundaries Of Geographical Areas Covered By Different Volumes
May Be Found In Admirality Chart Catalogue.
Gneral Information About Any Area And Knowledge Of Local Regulations, Climatic Conditions,
Anchorages, Port Facilities, Harbour Approaches Etc May Be Easily Acquired By Reading The
Appropriate Volume.
Corrections To Asd. Are Found In Section 4 Of Weekly Notices To Mariners.
Those In Force At The End Of The Year Are Reprinted In The Annual Notices To Mariners.
Each Successive Publication Supercedes The Previous One.
Admirality List Of Notices To Mariners:
(Weekly Edition)
Contains Information, Which Enables The Mariner To Keep His Charts And Books Published By
The Hydrographic Department Uptodate For The Latest Reports Received.
They Should Be Retained Until The Next Annual Summary To Admiralty Notices To Mariners Is
Received.
However Weekly Editions Dating As Far Back As 18 Months May Be Required And Must Be Kept
Safely On Board.
The Hydrographer Of The Navy Publishes Them.
Contents:
# T/P Notices On The Last Week Of The Month.
# List Of Publications In Current Usage Quarterly.
# List Of Enforced Navareas Quarterly.
Section 1: Use Of Charts And Associated Publications.
Geographical Index.
Notice Number / Page / Chart / Folio Number.
Chart Number / Notice Number.
Asterix Alongside These Items Of Correction Indicate Original Information I.E Information
Gathered By The British Hydrographer And Not By Other Countrys Authorities.
Section 2: Items Tagged Pl Are New Editions Of Charts, Suppliers Information, Chart
Corrections. Last Correction Date Is Given Below The Actual Correction.
Section 3: Nav. Warnings: 16 Nav Areas To Be Filed, Cancel As Per Cancellation Or Enforced
List. Hydrolants And Hydropacs To Be Filed Along With Nav Warnings File Itself.
They Are Issued By The United States Coast Guard:
Hydrolants: Warnings For Pacific And Indian Oceans.

Hydropacs: Atlantic And Mediterranean Sea.
Section 4: Corrections To Sailing Directions.

Section 5: List Of Lights And Fog Signals.
Section 6: Correction To Alrs.
Additionally Towards The End We Have Blocks Notes And Reporting Forms To The
Hydrographer (Forms-H102/H102a).
Indian Notices To Mariners:
Published Every Fortnight By The Hydrographer Of The Navy - Dehradun.
Section I: Index To Charts Affected.
Section Ii: Permanent Notices.
Section Iii: Temperary And Preleminary Notices To Mariners.
A List Of Those T/P Notices Enforced Is Ublished Quarterly And Text Republished In Annual
Edition Of Indian Notices To Mariners.
Section Iv: Marine Information.
Section V: Radio Nav. Warnings (Only Nav. Area 8).
Section Vi: Corrections To Asd.
Section Vii: Corrections To Admirality List Of Lights And Fog Signals.
Section Viii: Corrections To Admirality List Of Radio Signals.
Annual Summary Of Admirality Notices To Mariners:
Index of 2002 annual notices.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Admiralty tide tables, 2002 addenda and corrigenda.

Suppliers of admiralty charts and publications.
Safety of british merchant ships in crisis, conflict and war.
Distress and rescue at sea ships and aircraft.
Firing practice and exercise areas.
Former mine danger areas; swept routes and instructions regarding explosives picked up at
sea.
7. United ki ngdom and russian federation agreement on the prevention of incidents at sea
beyond territorial waters implication for non military ships.
8. Information concerning submarines.
9. Hydrographic information ; policy for the promulgation and selection of safety critical
information for charts.
10. Minelaying and mine countermeasures exercises.
11. Meteorological and oceanographic data buoys.
12. National claims to maritime jurisdiction.
13. World wide navigational warning service and world meteorological organization.
14. Availability of notices to mariners.
15. Under keel allowance.
15a.Negative storm surges.
16. Protection of historic and dangerous wreck sites.
17. Traffic separation schemes.
17a.Ship reporting systems automatic ship identification and reporting system (AIRS).
18. Carriage of nautical publications.
19. Satellite navigation system positions and British admiralty charts.
20. Protection of offshore installations.
21. Canadian charts and publications regulations.
22. U.s. navigation safety regulations relating to navigation, charts and publications.
23. High speed craft.

24. Submarine cables and pipelines avoidance of and associated dangers.
Cumulative Notices To Mariners.
Published Every 6 Months (January To July).

Contains Notices Affecting The Different Charts With The Weekly Notice Number Adjoining It
For The Previous Two Years.
2.
Anchor Certificate.
Tests On Anchors
All Anchors Over 168 Lb ( 76 Kg ) In Weight Must Be Tested & Issued With A Test Test
Certificate. The Weight Of Any Anchor For The Purpose Of The Rules & Regulations Governing
Anchors & Cables Shall:
1. For Stockless Anchors Include The Weight Of The Anchor Together With Its Shackle If Any.
2. For Stocked Anchors The Weight Of The Anchor Including Its Shackle, If Any, But Excluding
The Stock.
Drop Test ( Cast Anchors )
Any Part Of An Anchor Over 15 Cwt Is Subjected To A Percussion Test By Being Dropped Both
End On & Side On From A Height Of 12 Feet On To An Iron Or Steel Slab. After That, The Piece
Must Be Slung & Hammered All Over By A 7 Lb Sledgehammer. A Clear Ring Must Be Produced
To Show That No Flaw Has Developed During The Percussion Test.
The Bending Test ( Cast Anchors ).
An Additional Piece Of Metal, 8 In. Long, Is Cast With The Piece To Be Tested, & Is Cut Away
For The Purpose Of The Bending Test. This Piece Will Be Turned Down To 1 In. Dia, & Bent
Cold By Hammering Through An Angle Of 90o Over A Radius Of 1.5 In. The Casting Will Be
Deemed Sufficiently Ductile If No Fracture Appears In The Metal.
All Anchors Are Subject To Proof Strain, & Subsequent Proof Load, But Only Cast Steel Anchors
Are Will Be Subjected To Percussion, Hammering & Bending Tests. Wrought Iron, Or Forged
Steel Anchors Are Not Subjected To These Tests As They Are Forged From Red Ot Slab By
Hammering. All Other Anchors Will Also Be Annealed.
Marks On Anchors.
Each Anchor Must Carry On The Crown & On The Shank The Makers Name Or Initials, Its
Progressive Number & Its Weight. The Anchor Will Also Bear The Number Of The Certificate,
Together With Letters Indicating The Certifying Authority.
Tests On Cables
Anchor Cable Over 12.5 Mm In Diametre Is Accepted For Testing At An Approved Testing
Establishments In Lengths Of 27.5 Mts. ( 1 Shackle Of Cable ). The Manufacturer Will Provide 3
Additional Links For The Purpose Of The Test.
These 3 Links Will Be Subjected To A Tensile Breaking Stress, And If This Proves To Be
Satisfactory Then The Total Length Of The Cable Will Be Subjected To A Tensile Proof Test, The
Tests Being Carried Out On Approved Testing Machines.
If Two Succesive Links Break, The Cable Is Rejected. Before The Tests On Chain Cable Is
Carried Out, The Superviser Will Satisfy Himself That The Quality Of The Material From Which
The Cable Is Manufactured Meets With The Requirements Of The Anchor And Chain Cable
Regulations.
After The Tests On The Anchor Is Completed, An Anchor Certificate Will Be Awarded. The
Certificate Will Show The Following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Type Of Anchor.
Weight (Excluding Stock) In Kgs.
Weight Of Stock In Kgs.
Length Of Shank In Mm.
Length Of Arm In Mm.
Diametre Of Trend In Mm.
Proof Load Applied In Tonnes.
Identification Of Proving House, Official Mark And Government Mark.
Number Of Test Certificate.
10. Number Of Tensile Test Machine.
11. Year Of License.
12. Weight Of The Head Of The Anchor.
13. Number And Date Of Drop Test.
Chain Cable Certificate:
After A Succesful Test On A Chain Cable A Certificate Is Awarded, Stating:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Type Of Cable.
Grade Of Cable.
Diameter In Mm.
Total Length In Mts.
Total Weight In Kgs.
Length Of Link In Mms.
Breadth Of Link In Mms.
Tensile Breaking Load Applied In Tonnes.
Tensile Proof Load Applied In Tonnes.
10. Number And Types Of Accessories Included.
The Certificate Issued Shall Also Show:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
A Serial Number.
Name Of Certifying Authority.
Mark Of The Certifying Authority.
Name Of Testing Establishment.
Mark Of Testing Establishment, If Any.
Name Of The Superviser Of Tests.
The Certificate Is Signed On Behalf Of The Certifying Authority.
3.
Ballast water management plan;

Harmful Aquatic Organisms In Ballast Water
An Mepc Working Group On Ballast Water Reported Progress In Developing Draft New
Regulations For Ballast Water Management. It Is Intended To Include These In A New Annex
To Marpol, To Be Adopted At A Conference Provisionally Scheduled For 2000. Implementation
Guidelines For The Proposed Annex Are Also Being Developed, Which Are Expected To Be
Included In A Code Related To The New Annex.
The Proposed New Annex Vii Is Aimed At Addressing The Environmental Damage Caused By
The Introduction Of Unwanted Aquatic Organisms In Ballast Water, Used To Stabilize Vessels At
Sea. Globally, It Is Estimated That About 10 Billion Tonnes Of Ballast Water Is Transferred Each
Year.
The Water Taken On Board For Ballasting A Vessel May Contain Aquatic Organisms, Including
Dormant Stages Of Microscopic Toxic Aquatic Plants - Such As Dinoflagellates, Which May
Cause Harmful Algal Blooms After Their Release. In Addition, Pathogens Such As The Bacterium
Vibrio Cholerae (Cholera) , Have Been Transported With Ballast Water. As Ships Travel Faster
And Faster, The Survival Rates Of Species Carried In Ballast Tanks Have Increased. As A Result,
Many Introductions Of Non-Indigenous Organisms In New Locations Have Occurred, Often With
Disastrous Consequences For The Local Ecosystem - Which May Include Important Fish Stocks
Or Rare Species.
The Mepc Approved A Questionnaire To Be Sent To Member States To Obtain Information On
Current Domestic Laws And Regulations On Ballast Water Management. It Is Intended That The
New Internationally Binding Regulations Would Avoid A Situation Whereby Individual
Governments Adopted Their Own Rules To Prevent Contaminated Ballast Water Affecting Their
Local Ecosystems. Meanwhile, The Mepc Noted The Different Options For Introducing The
Proposed Regulations. The New Annex To Marpol, As Originally Proposed, Could Be Adopted Via
A Protocol To Add A New Annex To Marpol 73/78, Or It Could Be Adopted As A New Annex Via
Amendments To Marpol 73/78, A Simpler Process. Another Option Is For A Diplomatic
Conference To Adopt A New Convention On Ballast Water Management, Under Which The
Terms For Entry Into Force Would Be Determined By The Conference, Instead Of Having To
Comply With Existing Entry Into Force Terms Established By Marpol 73/78. The Mepc Agreed To
Consider A Legal Framework For The New Regulations At Its Next Session In November.
This Information Is Sourced From The Net.

More Info From The Net
Marine Environment Protection Committee 40PthP Session 18-25 September 1997
Committee Tackles Ballast Water Problem

The Committee Discussed Measures To Deal With The Problem Of Harmful Aquatic Organisms
Transported In Ballast Water And Approved A Draft Assembly Resolution On Guidelines For The
Control And Management Of Ships Ballast Water To Minimize The Transfer Of Harmful Aquatic
Organisms And Pathogens, For Submission To The 20PthP Assembly For Adoption.
There Has Been Increased Awareness In Recent Years Of The Environmental Damage Caused
By The Introduction Of Unwanted Aquatic Organisms In Ballast Water, Used To Stabilize Vessels
At Sea. Examples Of Introductions Of Non-Indigenous Organisms In New Locations Include The
Introduction Of The European Zebra Mussel (TDreissena PolymorphaT) In The North American
Great Lakes, Resulting In Expenses Of Billions Of Dollars For Pollution Control And Cleaning Of
Fouled Underwater Structures And Waterpipes; And The Introduction Of The American Comb
Jelly (TMnemiopsis LeidyiT) To The Black And Azov Seas, Causing The Near Extinction Of The
Anchovy And Sprat Fisheries.
Human Health Has Also Been Badly Affected, With The Transportation Of The Bacterium Vibrio
Cholerae (Cholera) To Latin American Coastal Water, Probably Through Discharges Of Ballast
Water From Asia, And The Introduction Of The South-East Asian Dinoflagellates Of The Genera
TGymnodiniumT And TAlexandriumT, Which Cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, To Australian
Waters.
The Draft Guidelines, Which Have Been Drawn Up By A Working Group On Ballast Water, Are
Aimed At Minimizing The Risks Of Introducing Harmful Aquatic Organisms And Pathogens While
Maintaining Ship Safety. Some States Have Already Introduced Mandatory Management Of
Ballast Water To Prevent The Introduction Of Exotic Species.
Guidelines For Preventing The Introduction Of Unwanted Organisms And Pathogens From Ships
Ballast Waters And Sediment Discharges Were Adopted By The Committee In 1991 And
Subsequently As An Assembly Resolution A.774(18), But The Revised Version Incorporates
Further Recommendations On Tackling The Problem, Including How To Lessen The Chances Of
Taking On Board Harmful Organisms Along With Ballast Water.
The Recommendations Include Informing Local Agents And/Or Ships Of Areas And Situations
Where Uptake Of Ballast Water Should Be Minimized, Such As Areas With Known Populations Of
Harmful Pathogens Or Areas Near To Sewage Outlets. Ships Should Operate Precautionary
Practices, Through Avoiding Loading Ballast Water In Very Shallow Water Or In Areas Where
Propellers May Stir Up Sediment. Unnecessary Discharge Of Ballast Water Should Also Be
Avoided.
Procedures For Dealing With Ballast Water Include Exchange Of Ballast Water At Sea And
Discharge To Reception Facilities, While The Guidelines Note That In The Future Treatment
Using Heat Or Ultraviolet Light Could Become Acceptable To Port States.
Imos Maritime Safety Committee (Msc) And The Committee Have Already Approved Guidance
On Safety Aspects Relating To The Exchange Of Ballast Water At Sea, Which Outlines
Procedures For Exchanging Ballast Water And Point Out Safety Issues Which Need To Be
Considered, Such As Avoidance Of Over And Under Pressurization Of Ballast Tanks And The
Need To Be Aware Of Weather Conditions.
The Committee Approved A Programme Of Work For The Ballast Water Working Group, Which
Includes Developing Draft Regulations On Ballast Water Management To Be Adopted As An
Annex To Marpol At A Conference Of Parties To The International Convention For The
Prevention Of Pollution From Ships, 1973, As Modified By The Protocol Of 1978 (Marpol 73/78),
The Main International Convention Dealing With The Prevention Of Pollution From Ships. The
Conference Is Scheduled To Be Held In The Year 2000.
4.
Bridge Equipment
Autopilot.
This Instrument Is Not To Replace The Helmsman.

It Is Not To Be Used In Restricted Waters Or During Manoeuvring.
Not To Be Used For Large Alterations Of More Than 10 Degrees.
Autopilot Will Operate Efficiently Over A Certain Speed (Approx. > 5 Knots), Below Which It
Will Start To Wander.
Dangers
The Auto Pilot Gives Rudder According To The Gyro Heading.

If The Gyro Fails The Autopilot Will Still Keep The Gyro Course & Wander With The Gyro.
Gyro Alarm To Be Taken Seriously Or The V/L Will Collide If There Are Sudden Alterations.
Off Course Alarm
It Is Fitted On The Autopilot Usually Set For 5 Or 10 Dgrees. If Difference Between Actual
Course & Course Set By Officer For Autopilot Is More Than Value Set For Alarm, It Will Sound.
This Alarm Will Not Sound In Case Of Gyro Failure.
Only Indication In This Case Is A Gyro Failure Alarm. Gyro Compass & Repeaters To Compared
Frequently Along With Magnetic Compass.
Controls
Permanent Helm: To Be Used Only If A Constant Influence, Like Cross Wind Or Beam Sea Is
Experienced. If There Is A Very Strong Beam Wind From Starboard Side Then A Permanent 5
Degrees Starboard Helm May Be Set.
Rudder: This Setting Determines The Rudder To Be Given For Each Degree Of Course Drifted.
Eg. 2 Degrees For Every 1 Degree Off Course.
Counter Rudder: Determines The Amount Of Counter Rudder To Be Given Once V/L Has
Started Swinging Towards Correct Course To Stop Swing. Both Rudder & Counter Rudder To
Be Set After Considering Condition Of V/L (Ballast, Loaded, Etc.). Eg. Laden Condition Full
Ahead, Not Advisable To Go Over 10 Degrees Rudder.
Weather: The Effect Of Weather & Sea Conditions Effectively Counteracted By Use Of This
Control. This Setting Increases The Dead Band Width. Comes In Handy If V/L Is Yawing
Excessively.
Steering Modes
Auto / Manual: Allows Userto Select Between Manual Steering & Autopilot. Officer To Steer
Correct Course, Rudder To Be On Midships, Course To Steer Set (Gyro Pointer On Lubber
Line), Off Course Alarm Set Before Changing Over To Autopilot.
Follow Up: If Rudder Is To Be Put On Starboard 10, Helm Is Put On Starboard 10. When Helm
Is On Midship Rudder Will Return To Midship.
Non-Follow Up: If Rudder To Be Put On Starboard 10 Helm Is Turned To Starboard, A Few
Degrees Before Starboard 10 The Helm Is Put On Midships, Rudder Then Settles On Starboard
10. If Rudder Goes Beyond Starboard 10, Slight Port Helm To Be Given. Rudder Will Remain
On Starboard 10 Even When Helm Is Returned To Midship. To Bring It Back To Midship Port
Helm To Be Given.
Bridge Equipment -Echo Sounder.
Speed Of Sound In Water Is 1500 Mts/Sec.

1. Controls:
Range Switch: To Vary The Range From Lower To Higher.

Scale Selector: Feet, Fathoms & Metresselector For Scale.
Fix Marker: This Button When Pressed Will Make The Stylus Mark The Paper. Keeps A Record
Of Event Or Time.
Paper Speed Control: To Select Fast Or Slow Speed.
Draft Setting: Used To Set Zero Line According To The Draft Of The Vessel.
Gain Or Sensitivity: To Make The Echoes Darker On The Paper In Case They Appear Weak.
Dimmer: Adjust The Illumination Of Light.
2. Errors:
Propagation Error: The Velocity Of Sound Increases When Temperature, Pressure & Salinity
Increase. Due To High Salinity In Red Sea, Depths To Be Increased By 5%.
Aeration: Caused By Bubbles In The Water Due To:
1.
2.
3.
4.
V/L Going Astern.

Moving Rudder Hard Over.
Air Pockets Left Over By Bad Weather.
Breaking Water Over Shoal.
Air Bubbles Reflect The Sound Waves Resulting In False Echoes.
Multiple Echoes: In Shallow Waters Echoes May Be Received From The First, Second & Third
Reflections From The Sea Bed. Correct Echo Is The First One, Second & Third To Be Ignored.
Pythagorus Error: This Error Occurs If The V/L Has Two Transducers, One A Transmitter & The
Other A Receiver. Distance Travelled By Sound Is More Than Actual Depth Of Water Below
Keel. More Pronounced In Shallow Waters.
False Bottom Echoes: This Occurs In Deep Waters When An Echo May Be Received After The
Stylus Has Completed One Rotation & Begun Another.
Bridge Equipment-G.P.S.
Space Segment:
Satellites Are To Be Operated In 6 Orbital Planes In Very High Orbits, Approximately 20,200
Kms Above The Earths Surface.
Four Satellites Are Located In Each Plane Having One Spare In Every Alternate Orbit. The
Configuration Being 21+3 Satellites. The Orbital Planes Are Inclined At 55 Degs To The
Equator.
The Orbital Period Of These Satellites Is Just Under 718 Minutes Resulting In The Satellites
Passing Over The Same Ground Point Each Day, Excepting The Fact That They Are Four
Minutes Earlier (Give Or Take 1.7 Secs).
The Orbit Design Was Developed To Guarantee That Atleast Four Satelites Are Alkways In View
At Every Point On The Earths Surface 24 Hours A Day.
Ground Segment:
The Ground Or Control Segment Refers To The Ground Based Element Of A Gps System Which
Manages The Performance Of The Satellites
This Is Through Orbital Tracking, Clock Monitoring And Therefore Fundamentally Is
Responsible For The Daily Control Of The System.
The Control Segment Of The Navstar System Consists Of Three Main Types Of Operational
Facilities.
The Master Control Station Situated At Colorado Springs Is Responsible For Overall Satellite
Control, Navigation Performance Estimation And Ephemeris Production.
Four Further Sites At Hawaii, Ascension Islands, Diego Garcia And Kwajalein Alongside The
Master Are Operated As Monitor Stations For Tracking The Satellites And Collecting Range Data
To Produce Information For Ephemeris (Orbit) Modelling.
Uplink Antennas To Transmit Navigation Data And Commands To The Satellites Have Also Be
Hoisted From Such Stations.
The Uplink Frequency Is Centered On 1783.74 Mhz, With Downlink Frequency Of 2227.5 Mhz.
User Segment:
The User Segment Mainly Consists Of The Gps Antenna And Receiver, Additional Features
However Would Include A Differential Gps Antenna And Various Interfaces Into Systems.
From Noise To Signal: The First Task For The Gps Receiver Is To Get Enough Signals From The
Satellite Transmissions Into The Receiver Itself.
It Is Usually Achieved With A Pre-Amplifier/Head Amplifier In The Antenna Unit To Boost The
Signal Before Sending It Down The Cable.
Antennas Are Designad To Receive All Signals Within The Relevant Band.The Gps Signals Are
Very Weak And Indistinguishable From The Background Noise At First And Second Glance.
These Signals Are Also Spread Over A 20 Mhz Band-Width Centered Around The L1 Frequency
Of 1575.42 Mhz. This Has The Same Effect As Transmitting A Much More Powerful Signal And
Also Allows Much More Information To Be Incorporated Into The Transmissions.
From Signal To Numbers: Most Signal Processing Tasks Are Now Undertaken In MicroProcessors, But To Allow This The Signal Must Be Converted From Analogue To Digital Form.
From Numbers To Code: The Gps Receiver Will Now Have At This Point The Ability To Sample
The Substantially Altered Frequency Of The Satellites. The Primary Task Of The Receivers Is To
Measure Ranges To The Satellites.This Is Achieved By Attempting To Identify The Code
Transmissions Superimposed On To The Signals.
Each Satellite Transmits A Unique Code, Or Technique Known As Code Division Multiple Access.
To Identify The Code The Receiver Has To Produce An Exact Replica Of The Satellite Code
Sequence And To Mach The Two Together.
From Numbers To Phase: To Make Use Of This Code Information To Produce Ranges And Thus
Position The Receiver, Also Needs Another Set Of Information, The Satellite Ephemeris.
The Ephemeris Being Modulated Over The Carrier Frequency And Needs Also To Be Extracted.
From Measurement To Position: Once The Receiver Has Produced The Necessary Information
In Terms Of Measured Pseudo Range And Navigation Data, This Is Then Poassed To A
Dedicated Microprocessor Dealing With The Position Computation And, Usually, The User
Interface As Well.
The Pseudo- Range:
The Pseudo- Range Is A Measure Of Distance From The Receiver To The Satellite, Usually
Expressed In Mts.
The Term Pseudo Is Used Because The Range Is Contaminated. For Time To Be Accurately
Measured Between The Two Sites The Clocks Must Be Accurately Synchronised. The Clocks
Between The Satellites Are Synchronised, So The Ranges Measured Between Them Would
Actuallyu Be True Ranges. But The Receiver Clock Is Not Synchronised To The Satellites Which
Gives An Error Which Can Be Resolved Mathematically, Hence The Term Pseudo-Range.
The Pseudo-Range Cannot Be Converted To A True Range Without Other Sets Of Information,
Namely Ranges To Three Other Satellites And Accurate Knowledge Of All The Satellites
Positions In Space ( And Time )
Computation Of Position:
The Ability To Measure Pseudo Range And Knowledge Of The Satellites Position At All Times,
The Gps Receiver Now Has Enough Information To Calculate A Position.
For Every Computation Of Position There Are, Then Four Unknowns Called X,Y,Z And T (For
Time). But By This Point The Receiver Has Also Managed To Acquire A Whole Series Of Knowns
Namely, Pseudo Ranges To The Satellites And The Position Of Those Satellites. As Long As The
Receiver Can Measure As Many Ranges To The Satellites As There Are Unknowns Then Position
Can Be Calculated Quite Simply Through A Series Of Four Simultaneous Equations.
This Is A Mathematical Technique That Uses A Combination Of Known Quantities To Calculate A
Combination Of Unknown Quantities, But It Does Require Symmetry In Its Equation FormsBasically The Same Number Or More Knowns To Unknowns.
The Dilution Of Precision:
This Is One Of The Primary Quality Control Indicators Available To The User Of The Gps
Receiver. It Indicates The Geometrical Relationship Of The Satellites.
The Dilution Of Precision Was The Mechanism Userd By The Gps System Planners To Identify
The Best Orbit Geometry Of The Satellites To Provide The Best User Geometries.
On Its Own The Dop Figure Is Only A Qualitative Figure With The Prescribed Numbers Not
Being Of Any Specific Units. The Most Complete Dop Is The Geometric Dilution Of Precision
(Gdop). This Is The Factor Used To Design The Orbital Arrangement Of The Satellites. Gdop
Brings Together The Four Unknowns Of The System.
The Most Frequently Used Dops Are Pdop ( Position Dilution Of Precision) And Hdop (
Horizontal Dilution Of Precision). Pdop Is Used By Those Interested In Three Dimentional
Positioning (Lat/Long/Ht). Hdop Is For Two- Dimensional Positioning. For Most Purposes Hdop
Is Used By The Marine Community.
Dop Figures Are Actually Used By A Navigator In The Following Way. If A Composite PseudoRange Measurement Error Of 10 Mts. (95% Probability) Is Assumed For The System, Then By
Multiplying This Figure By The Relevent Dop Value, Eg. 3.0, Gives An Overall Position Accuracy
Of 30 Mts. Dop Figures Are Therefore Only Relative Numbers, With Smaller Dops Giving Better
Accuracies.
The Final Constellation Is Designed To Guarantee Pdop Figures Of Better Than 12.0 All Over
The Earths Surface, Though Figures Of Better Than 7.0 Are To Be Generally Expected. For
Marine Applications Hdop Figures Are More Useful & The Design Figure Of 3.0 Is To Be
Expected For The Majority Of Coverage.
Errors Of The System.
1. Gdop - If The Configuration Of The Available Satellites Is Not Suitable, Accuracy Of The Fix Is
Affected.
2. Ionospheric & Tropospheric Delays Of Signals - While Ultra High Frequencies Are Used For
Transmission, Yet The Ionosphere & Troposphere Refract The Signals Causing Delays Which
Lead To Inaccuracy Of Positions. These Errors Can Be Reasonably Predicted & Are Fed Into A
Mathematical Model Built Into The Software Of The Receiver.
3. Satellite Clock Error - Any Errors In The Clocks On Board The Satellites Will Lead To Errors In
Time Measurement.
4. User Clock Error - Same As Above. This Is Eliminated By Using An Extra Satellite Equation
5. Deviation Of Satellites From Their Predicted Orbits - Since The Position Of The Satellites Needs
To Be Known Very Accurately, It Is Obvious That If The Satellite Deviates From Its Orbit, For
Any Reason, Then Inaccuracy In Fixes Will Result.
6. Receiver Errors - These Are Small & Are Caused Due To Internal Noise, Computational Errors,
Etc.
The Dilution Of Precision.

Gdop
Geometric Dilution Of Precision Integrates
X,Y,Z, And Time.
Pdop
Position Dilution Of Precision Integrates
X,Y,Z, Three Dimentional Positions.
Hdop
Horizontal Dilution Of Precision. Two
Dimentional Marine Positioning.
Edop
Easting Dilution Of Precision
Ndop
Northing Dilution Of Precision, X And Y
Positioning Seperated.
Tdop
Time Dilution Of Precision For Time Transfer
Users.
The Satellite Geometry Is Presented To The User By A Factor Known As The Dilution Of
Precision. These Figures Are Used To Assess The Potential Positioning Quality Of A Certain
Satellite Constellation And To Help Provide Realistic Quality Control Information. The Procedure
Used To Define These Values Is Quite Complicated, But It Relates The Difference In Three
Dimentions Of The User To All The Concidered Satellites In A Geometrical Sense.
The Resultant Dop Figure Then Suggests The Amplification Of Pseudo-Range Measurement
Error Into User Positioning Error. Differen Dops Are Used Depending On The Type Of Position
Calculated. Hdop For A Two Dimentional Fix And Pdop For A Three Dimentional Fix.
The Dop Figures Are Used By The Navigator In The Following Way. If A Composite PseudoRange Measurement Error Of 10 Metres (95% Probablity) Is Assumed For The System, Then
Multiplying This Figure By The Relevant Dop Value, Eg. 3.0, Gives An Overall Positioning
Accuracy Of Thirty Metres. Dop Figures Are Therefore Only Relative Numbers, With Smaller
Dops Giving Better Accuracy. The Probablity Figures Detailed In The Circular Brackets Are
Indications Of The Confidence In The Position Accuracy.
Bridge Equipment - Logs
Electromagnetic Log:
In A Magnetic Field Created By A Solenoid, The Magnetic Flux Lines Extend Out In The Water.
Salt Water Being A Conductor Flowing Past The Solenoid Creates An Emf. This Is Picked Up By
A Sensor & A Pre-Calibrated Voltmetre.
The Voltage Induced Is Proportional To The Speed Of The Water.
Doppler Effect:
The Doppler Frequency Shift Is The Difference Between The Received Frequency Which Can Be
Measured & The Transmitted Frequency Which Is Known.
There Are 2 Types Of Logs;
1. Continuous Wave (Cw) &

2. Pulse Type.
The Pulse Type Is Better Than The Cw. Type Because There Is A Signal Leakage From The
Transmitter To The Reeciver Which Interferes With The Received Signal (Feedback).
It Uses A Higher Frequency Than The Echo Sounder As The Smaller Wavelength Makes A
Concentrated Beam Possible Hence, Less Loss Of Energy To Water, Stronger Echoes & Smaller
Area Of Transducer Required. Also Diffused Reflection Is Acquired By The High Frequency
Which Is Neccesary Because Of Oblique Incidence Of The Transmitted Pulse.
5.
Bulk Carrier Code
Introduction:
Section 1: Definitions: Eg:
Angle Of Repose: Maximum Slope Or Angle Of Non Cohesive Granular Material / Angle Between
The Horizontal Plane & Cone Slope Of The Material.
Flow State: State Where Mass Of Granular Material Is Saturated With Liquid To An Extent That
Under The Influence Of External Forces Like Vibration Or Impaction Due To Ships Motion It
Looses Its Internal Shear Strength.
Chapter 2: General Precautions:
To Prevent Overstressing Of The Structure.
Hi Density Cargo Is Cargo With Sf 0.56 M^3/T Or Lower. (Gen. Cargo Generally Designed To
Carry Between 1.39-1.67 M^3/T.
In Case Detailed Info Not Available B.C.C. Provides

Precautions:
1. General Fore & Aft Distribution Should Not Differ From That Found Satis. For General Cargo.
2. Max. No. Of Tonnes Loaded In Any Cargo Space Should Not Exceed 0.9lbd Tonnes ( L=Length
Of Hold In Mtrs, B=Average Breadth In Mtrs, D=Summer Draft)
3. Where Material Is Trimmed Or Only Partially Trimmed Ht Of Pile Peak Above The Cargo Floor
Should Not Exceed 1.1d X Sf
4. If The Material Is Trimmed Entirely Level, The Max No. Of Tonnesof Material Loaded In Lower
Hold May Be Incld By 20% Over The Amount Calculated By Formula, Provided Complying With
5. Shaft Tunnel Has A Stifferning Effect, The Spaces Aft Of The E/R May Be Loaded 10% In
Excess, But Complying With
Section 3: Safety Of Personnel & Ship.
Section 4: Assesment & Acceptability Of Consignements For Safe Shipment.
Gives A List Of Sub Samples To Be Taken Eg: Consignements Less Than 15000t, One 200g
Subsample For Each 125t.
Section 5: Trimming Procedures.
For Trimming Purposes Bulk Cargo Can Be Categorised As Cohesive & Non Cohesive As Defnd
In Appendix B & C.
Section 6: Methods For Determining Angle Of Repose.
1. Tilting Box Method.
2. Shipboard Method.
Described In Appendix D.
Section 7: Cargoes Which May Liquify.
Section 8: Cargoes Which May Liquify, Test Procedure.
Spot Test: Half Fill A Can (0.5-1 Ltr Cap.) With A Sample, Take Can In Hand & Strike Against
Hard Surface Atleast 25 Times From A Ht Of 25m Atleast, At 2 Sec Intervals. If Fluid Condition
Appears Send For Addnl Lab Tests.
Section 9: Materials Possesing Chemical Hazard.
Section 10: Transport Of Solid Wastes In Bulk.
Section 11: Stowage Factor Conversion Table.
Appendix A: List Of Bulk Materials Which May Liquify.
Appendix B: Bulk Materials Possessing Chemical Hazards.
IMSBC
The primary aim of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, which replaces
the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (BC Code), is to facilitate the safe stowage and
shipment of solid bulk cargoes by providing information on the dangers associated with the
shipment of certain types of solid bulk cargoes and instructions on the procedures to be
adopted when the shipment of solid bulk cargoes is contemplated. The IMSBC Code, may be
applied from 1 January 2009 on a voluntary basis, anticipating its envisaged official entry into
force on 1 January 2011, from which date it will be mandatory under the provision of the
SOLAS Convention.
The IMSBC Code and its content
The format of the IMSBC Code is similar to that of the existing BC Code. Like the BC Code, the
IMSBC Code categorises cargoes into three groups - A, B and C:
Group A consist of the cargoes which may liquefy if shipped with moisture content in excess of
their transportable moisture limit.
Group B consists of cargoes which possess a chemical hazard which could give rise to a
dangerous situation on a ship.
Group C consists of cargoes which are not liable to liquefy (Group A) and do not possess
chemical hazards (Group B).
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL MARITIME SOLID BULK CARGOES (IMSBC) CODE
Table of Contents
Foreword
Section 1 General provisions and definitions
Section 2 General loading, carriage and unloading precautions
Section 3 Safety of personnel and ship
Section 4 Assessment of acceptability of consignments for safe shipment
Section 5 Trimming procedures
Section 6 Methods of determining angle of repose
Section 7 Cargoes that may liquefy
Section 8 Test procedures for cargoes that may liquefy
Section 9 Materials possessing chemical hazards
Section 10 Carriage of solid bulk wastes
Section 11 Security provisions
Section 12 Stowage factor conversion tables
Section 13 References
Appendix 1 Individual schedules of solid bulk cargoes
Appendix 2 Laboratory test procedures, associated apparatus and standards
Appendix 3 Properties of solid bulk cargoes
Appendix 4 Index of solid bulk cargoes
BLU
The resulting Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers
(BLU Code) was approved by the MSC at its sixty-eighth session (June 1997) and
adopted by the Assembly at its twentieth session (November 1997) by resolution
A.862(20).
Section 1
Definitions
Section 2
Suitability of ships and terminals

Section 3
Procedures between ship and shore prior to the ships arrival
Section 4
Procedures between ship and terminal prior to cargo handling
Section 5
Cargo loading and handling of ballast
Section 6
Unloading cargo and handling of ballast
Appendix 1
Recommended contents of port and terminal information books
Appendix 2
Loading or unloading plan
Appendix 3
Ship/shore safety checklist
Appendix 4
Guidelines for completing the ship/shore safety checklist
Appendix 5
Form for cargo information
Introduction
1
This Code of Practice for the Safe Loading and Unloading of Bulk Carriers has been developed
by the
International Maritime Organization to minimize losses of bulk carriers.
2
The purpose of the Code is to assist persons responsible for the safe loading or unloading of
bulk carriers
to carry out their functions and to promote the safety of bulk carriers.
3
The Code primarily covers the safety of ships loading and unloading solid bulk cargoes,
excluding grain,
and reflects current issues, best practices and legislative requirements.Broader safety and
pollution
issues such as those covered by the SOLAS, MARPOL and Load Line Conventions are not
specifically
included in the Code.
4
The recommendations in this Code provide guidance to shipowners, masters, shippers,
operators of bulk
carriers, charterers and terminal operators for the safe handling, loading, and unloading of solid
bulk
cargoes.The recommendations are subject to terminal and port requirements, or national
regulations.
Persons responsible for the loading or unloading of bulk carriers should also be aware of such
regulations
and requirements.
5
Masters and terminals loading and unloading solid bulk cargoes possessing chemical hazards
should alsorefer to SOLAS chapters II-2 and VII and to MSC/Circ.675 (Recommendations on the
Safe Transport ofDangerous Cargoes and Related Activities in Port Areas).
6
The requirements of individual terminals and port authorities should be published in terminal
and portinformation books.The type of information usually given in these books is listed in
appendix 1.Thebooks should be given to the masters of ships where possible before or on
arrival at a port or terminal.
7
It is recommended that a copy of this Code be made available to every ship, charterer and bulk
loading or
unloading terminal so that advice on operational procedures is readily available and respective
responsibilities are identified.
IMDG
The two-volume Code is divided into seven parts:
Volume 1 (parts 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Code) contains sections on:
- general provisions, definitions, training
- classification
- packing and tank provisions
- consignment procedures
- construction and testing of packagings, IBCs, large packagings, portable tanks, MEGCs and
road tank vehicles
- transport operations.
Volume 2 contains part 3 (Dangerous Goods List, special provisions and exceptions), appendix A
(generic and N.O.S. Proper Shipping Names), appendix B (Glossary of terms) and an index.
Guidelines for preparation of the cargo securing manual
To comply with regulations VI/5 and VII/6 of the SOLAS Convention, the loading, stowage and
securing of cargo units and cargo transport units on board all cargo-carrying vessels other than
those that carry solid or liquid bulk cargoes must be in accordance with the instructions in a
Cargo Securing Manual that has been approved by the appropriate Administration and drawn up
to a standard at least equivalent to the guidelines adopted by IMO. The Guidelines for the
Preparation of the Cargo Securing Manual were originally issued as MSC/Circ. 745 (dated 13
June 1996). This was based on, but superseded, MSC/Circ. 385 (8 January 1985), having been
expanded to include applications explicit to ships equipped/adapted for the carriage of freight
containers, taking into account the provisions of the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage
and Securing, as amended
CHAPTER 1
1.1
1.2
GENERAL
DEFINITIONS
GENERAL INFORMATION
CHAPTER 2
2.1
2.2
2.3
SECURING DEVICES AND ARRANGEMENTS

SPECIFICATION FOR FIXED CARGO-SECURING DEVICES
SPECIFICATION FOR PORTABLE CARGO-SECURING DEVICES
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE SCHEMES
CHAPTER 3
STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CONTAINERS AND OTHER STANDARDIZED
CARGO
3.1
HANDLING AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
3.2
EVALUATION OF FORCES ACTING ON CARGO UNITS
3.3
APPLICATION OF PORTABLE SECURING DEVICES ON VARIOUS CARGO UNITS,
VEHICLES AND STOWAGE BLOCKS
3.4
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS FOR RO-RO SHIPS
3.5
BULK CARRIERS
CHAPTER 4
CARGO
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CONTAINERS AND OTHER STANDARDIZED

HANDLING AND SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
STOWAGE AND SECURING INSTRUCTIONS
OTHER ALLOWABLE STOWAGE PATTERNS
FORCES ACTING ON CARGO UNIT
Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972,

as amended
content:
International Regulations for Preventing Collisions
at Sea, 1972, as amended
Part A General
Part B Steering and sailing rules
Part C Lights and shapes
Part D Sound and light signals
Part E Exemptions
Annex I Positioning and technical details of lights and shapes
Annex II Additional signals for fishing vessels fishing in close proximity
Annex III Technical details of sound signal appliances
Annex IV Distress signals
CSS CODE :Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing
The Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing was adopted by the
Assembly of IMO at its seventeenth regular session (November 1991) by resolution
A.714(17). The Assembly recommended that Governments implement the Code at
the earliest possible opportunity and requested the MSC to keep it under review and
amend it as necessary. This has been done. The first major changes to the Code
were the amendments of MSC/Circ.664, adopted in December 1994, and
MSC/Circ.691, adopted in May 1995, which were published as the 1994/1995
Amendments to the Code of Safe Practice for Cargo Stowage and Securing,
introducing annex 13, which has been incorporated into this consolidated edition.
The present edition also includes amendments to annex 12, on safe stowage and
securing of unit loads, issued as MSC/Circ.740 in June 1996, and amendments
adopted by the MSC in May 2002, issued as MSC/Circ.1026, which saw significant
changes in the contents of annex 13. Circular 1026also includes an extension on the
scope of application recommending all lashing assemblies to be fixed to strong or
fixed points, a new table on friction coefficients and new texts on an advanced
calculation method and an alternative method on balance of forces. The book
contains, as appendices, various texts that have been issued by the Organization
and are considered relevant to cargo stowage and securing.
Content:
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL
CHAPTER 2
PRINCIPLES OF SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGOES
CHAPTER 3
STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING SYSTEMS
CHAPTER 4
SEMI-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING
CHAPTER 5
NON-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING
CHAPTER 6
ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN IN HEAVY WEATHER
CHAPTER 7
ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN ONCE CARGO HAS SHIFTED
ANNEX 1
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING CONTAINERS ON DECK OF SHIPS WHICH
ARE NOT SPECIALLY DESIGNED AND FITTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF CARRYING CONTAINERS
ANNEX 2
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF PORTABLE TANKS
ANNEX 3
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF PORTABLE RECEPTACLES
ANNEX 4
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF WHEEL-BASED (ROLLING) CARGOES
ANNEX 5
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF HEAVY CARGO ITEMS SUCH AS
LOCOMOTIVES, TRANSFORMERS, ETC
ANNEX 6
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF COILED SHEET STEEL
ANNEX 7
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF HEAVY METAL PRODUCTS
ANNEX 8
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF ANCHOR CHAINS
ANNEX 9
CONTAINERS
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF FLEXIBLE INTERMEDIATE BULK
ANNEX 10
CONTAINERS
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF FLEXIBLE INTERMEDIATE BULK
ANNEX 11
GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR THE UNDER-DECK STOWAGE OF LOGS
ANNEX 12
SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF UNIT LOADS
ANNEX 13
METHODS TO ASSESS THE EFFICIENCY OF SECURING ARRANGEMENTS
FOR NON-STANDARDIZED CARGO
RESOLUTION A.714(17) ADOPTED 6 NOVEMBER 1991
APPENDICES
APPENDIX 1
RESOLUTION A.489(XII): SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGO
UNITS AND OTHER ENTITIES IN SHIPS OTHER THAN CELLULAR CONTAINERSHIPS (ADOPTED
19 NOVEMBER 1981)
APPENDIX 2
MSC/CIRC. 745: GUIDELINES FOR THE PREPARATION OF THE CARGO
SECURING MANUAL (13 JUNE 1996)
APPENDIX 3
RESOLUTION A.581(14): ELEMENTS TO BE TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT WHEN
CONSIDERING THE SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGO UNITS AND VEHICLES IN
SHIPS (ADOPTED 17 NOVEMBER 1983)
APPENDIX 4
RESOLUTION A.581(14): GUIDELINES FOR SECURING ARRANGEMENTS
FOR THE TRANSPORT OF ROAD VEHICLES ON RO-RO SHIPS (ADOPTED 20 NOVEMBER 1985)
AS AMENDED BY MSC/CIRC. 812 OF 16 JUNE 1997
APPENDIX 5
RESOLUTION A.864(20): RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ENTERING ENCLOSED
SPACES ABOARD SHIPS (ADOPTED 27 NOVEMBER 1997)
International Code for Fire Safety Systems (FSS Code) 2007
CHAPTER 1 GENERAL
1 Application
2 Definitions
3 Use of equivalents and modern technology
4 Use of toxic extinguishing media
CHAPTER 2 INTERNATIONAL SHORE CONNECTIONS
1 Application
2 Engineering specifications
CHAPTER 3 PERSONNEL PROTECTION
1 Application
CHAPTER 4 FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
1 Application
2 Type approval
CHAPTER 5 FIXED GAS FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 6 - FIXED FOAM FIRE-EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 7 FIXED PRESSURE WATER-SPRAYING AND WATER-MIST FIREEXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS
1 Application
2 Engineering specification
CHAPTER 8 AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 9 FIXED FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 10 SAMPLE EXTRACTION SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 11 LOW-LOCATION LIGHTING SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 12 FIXED EMERGENCY FIRE PUMPS
1 Application
CHAPTER 13 ARRANGEMENT OF MEANS OF ESCAPE
1 Application
2 Passenger ships
3 Cargo ships
CHAPTER 14 FIXED DECK FOAM SYSTEMS
1 Application
CHAPTER 15 INERT GAS SYSTEMS
1 Application
IBC CODE :International code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying
dangerous chemicals in bulk (IBC Code) 2007 Edition
Chapter 1 General
1.1 Application
1.2 Hazards
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Equivalents
1.5 Surveys and certification
Chapter 2 Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks
2.1 General
2.2 Freeboard and intact stability
2.3 Shipside discharges below the freeboard deck
2.4 Conditions of loading
2.5 Damage assumptions
2.6 Location of cargo tanks
2.7 Flooding assumptions
2.8 Standard of damage
2.9 Survival requirements
Chapter 3 Ship arrangements
3.1 Cargo segregation
3.2 Accommodation, service and machinery spaces and control stations
3.3 Cargo pump-rooms
3.4 Access to spaces in the cargo area
3.5 Bilge and ballast arrangements
3.6 Pump and pipeline identification
3.7 Bow or stern loading and unloading arrangements
Chapter 4 Cargo containment
4.1 Definitions
4.2 Tank type requirements
Chapter 5 Cargo transfer
5.1 Piping scantlings
5.2 Piping fabrication and joining details
5.3 Flange connections
5.4 Test requirements for piping
5.5 Piping arrangements
5.6 Cargo-transfer control systems
5.7 Ships cargo hoses
Chapter 6 Materials of construction, protective linings and coatings
Chapter 7 Cargo temperature control
7.1 General
7.2 Additional requirements
Chapter 8 Cargo tank venting and gas-freeing arrangements
8.1 Application
8.2 Cargo tank venting
8.3 Types of tank venting systems
8.4 Venting requirements for individual products

8.5 Cargo tank gas-freeing
Chapter 9 Environmental control
9.1 General
9.2 Environmental control requirements for individual products
Chapter 10 Electrical Installations
10.1 General
10.2 Bonding
10.3 Electrical requirements for individual products
Chapter 11 Fire protection and fire extinction
11.1 Application
11.2 Cargo pump-rooms
11.3 Cargo area
11.4 Special requirements
Chapter 12 Mechanical ventilation in the cargo area
12.1 Spaces normally entered during cargo-handling operations
12.2 Pump-rooms and other enclosed spaces normally entered
12.3 Spaces not normally entered
Chapter 13 Instrumentation
13.1 Gauging
13.2 Vapour detection
Chapter 14 Personnel protection
14.1 Protective equipment
14.2 Safety equipment
14.3 Emergency equipment
Chapter 15 Special requirements
15.1 General
15.2 Ammonium nitrate solution (93% or less)
15.3 Carbon disulphide
15.4 Diethyl ether
15.5 Hydrogen peroxide solutions
15.6 Motor fuel anti-knock compounds (containing lead alkyls)
15.7 Phosphorus, yellow or white
15.8 Propylene oxide or ethylene oxide/propylene oxide mixtures with an ethylene oxide
content of not more than 30% by mass
15.9 Sodium chlorate solution (50% or less by mass)
15.10 Sulphur (molten)
15.11 Acids
15.12 Toxic products
15.13 Cargoes protected by additives
15.14 Cargoes with a vapour pressure greater than 0.1013 MPa absolute at 37.8C
15.15 Cargoes with low ignition temperature and wide flammability range
15.16 Cargo contamination
15.17 Increased ventilation requirements
15.18 Special cargo pump-room requirements
15.19 Overflow control
15.20 Alkyl C7 C9 nitrates, all isomers
15.21 Temperature sensors
Chapter 16 Operational requirements

16.1 Maximum allowable quantity of cargo per tank
16.2 Cargo information
16.3 Personnel training
16.4 Opening of and entry into cargo tanks
16.5 Stowage of cargo samples
16.6 Cargoes not to be exposed to excessive heat
Chapter 17 Summary of minimum requirements
Chapter 18 List of products to which the Code does not apply
Chapter 19 Index of Products Carried in Bulk
Chapter 20 Transport of liquid chemical wastes
20.1 Preamble
20.2 Definitions
20.3 Applicability
20.4 Permitted shipments
20.5 Documentation
20.6 Classification of liquid chemical wastes
20.7 Carriage and handling of liquid chemical wastes
Chapter 21 Criteria for assigning carriage requirements for products subject to the
IBC Code
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Contents
21.3 Minimum safety and pollution criteria for products subject to chapter 17 of the IBC Code
21.4 Criteria used to assign the minimum carriage requirements for products which meet the
minimum safety or pollution criteria to make them subject to chapter 17 of the IBC Code
21.5 Criteria for special requirements in chapter 15 to be included in column o
21.6 Criteria for special requirements in chapter 16 to be included in column o
21.7 Definitions
Appendix Model form of International Certificate of Fitness for the Carriage of
Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk
IGC CODE: International Code For The Construction And Equipment Of Ships
Carrying Liquefied Gases In Bulk (IGC Code)
CONTENT:
Chapter 1 General
1.1 Application
1.2 Hazards
1.3 Definitions
1.4 Equivalents
1.5 Surveys and certification
Chapter 2 Ship survival capability and location of cargo tanks
2.1 General
2.2 Freeboard and intact stability
2.3 Shipside discharges below the freeboard deck
2.4 Conditions of loading

2.5 Damage assumptions
2.7 Flooding assumptions
2.8 Standard of damage
Chapter 3 Ship arrangements
3.1 Segregation of the cargo area
3.2 Accommodation, service and machinery spaces and control stations
3.3 Cargo pump-rooms and cargo compressor rooms
3.4 Cargo control rooms
3.6 Airlocks
3.7 Bilge, ballast and fuel oil arrangements
3.8 Bow or stern loading and unloading arrangements
Chapter 4 Cargo containment
4.1 General
4.2 Definitions
4.3 Design loads
4.4 Structural analyses
4.5 Allowable stresses and corrosion allowances
4.6 Supports
4.7 Secondary barrier
4.8 Insulation
4.9 Materials
4.10 Construction and testing
4.11 Stress relieving for type C independent tanks
4.12 Guidance formulae for acceleration components
4.13 Stress categories
Chapter 5 Process pressure vessels and liquid vapour and pressure piping systems
5.1 General
5.2 Cargo and process piping
5.3 Type tests on piping components
5.4 Piping fabrication and joining details
5.5 Testing of piping
5.6 Cargo system valving requirements
5.7 Ships cargo hoses
5.8 Cargo transfer methods
5.9 Vapour return connections
Chapter 6 Materials of construction
6.1 General
6.2 Material requirements
6.3 Welding and non-destructive testing
Chapter 7 Caro pressure/Temperature control
7.1 General
7.2 Refrigeration systems
Chapter 8 Cargo tank vent systems
8.1 General
8.2 Pressure relief systems
8.3 Additional pressure relieving system for liquid

8.4 Vacuum protection systems
8.5 Size of valves
Chapter 9 Environmental control
9.1 Environmental control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems
9.2 Environmental control within the hold spaces (cargo containment systems other than type C
independent tanks)
9.3 Environmental control of spaces surrounding type C independent tanks
9.4 Inerting
9.5 Inert gas production on board
Chapter 10 Electrical Installations
10.1 General
10.2 Types of equipment
Chapter 11 Fire protection and fire extinction
11.1 Fire safety requirements
11.2 Fire water main equipment
11.3 Water-spray system
11.4 Dry chemical powder fire-extinguishing systems
11.5 Cargo compressor and pump-rooms
11.6 Firemans outfits
Chapter 12 Mechanical ventilation in the cargo area
12.1 Spaces required to be entered during normal cargo handling operations
Chapter 13 Instrumentation (gauging, gas detection)
13.1 General
13.2 Level indicators for cargo tanks
13.3 Overflow control
13.4 Pressure gauges
13.5 Temperature indicating devices
13.6 Gas detection requirements
Chapter 14 Personnel protection
14.2 Safety equipment
14.3 First-aid equipment
14.4 Personnel protection requirements for individual products
Chapter 15 Filling limits for cargo tanks
15.1 General
15.2 Information to be provided to the master
Chapter 16 Use of cargo as fuel
16.1 General
16.2 Arrangement
16.3 Gas fuel supply
16.4 Gas make-up plant and related storage tanks
16.5 Special requirements for main boilers
16.6 Special requirements for gas-fired internal combustion engines and gas-fired turbines
Chapter 17 Special requirements
17.1 General
17.2 Materials of construction
17.3 Independent tanks

17.5 Deck cargo piping
17.6 Exclusion of air from vapour spaces
17.7 Moisture control
17.8 Inhibition
17.9 Permanently installed toxic gas detectors
17.10 Flame screens on vent outlets
17.11 Maximum allowable quantity of cargo per tank
17.12 Submerged electric cargo pumps
17.13 Ammonia
17.14 Chlorine
17.15 Diethyl ether and vinyl ethyl ether
17.16 Ethylene oxide
17.17 Isopropylamine and monoethylamine
17.18 Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixtures
17.9 Nitrogen
17.20 Propylene oxide and mixtures of ethylene oxide - propylene oxide with ethylene oxide
content of not more than 30% by weight
17.21 Vinyl chloride
Chapter 18 Operating requirements
18.1 Cargo information
18.2 Compatibility
18.4 Entry into spaces
18.5 Carriage of cargo at low temperature
18.7 Systems and controls
18.8 Cargo transfer operations
18.9 Additional operating requirements
Chapter 19 Summary of minimum requirements
Code for Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gas In Bulk
International Code For The Construction And Equipment Of Ships Carrying Liquefied
Gases In Bulk (IGC Code), 1983 Edition I782E
To minimize the risks to the ships, their crews and the environment, the Code
prescribes the design and constructional features of such ships and the equipment
they should carry. Generally applies to ships built on or after 31 December 1976 but
prior to 1 July 1986. This edition incorporates amendments 1 to 4, including a
supplement containing amendments adopted in 1994 by resolution MSC.32(63),
which came into force on 1 July 1998, and a supplement, Summary of Minimum
Requirements of the Code.
CONTENT :
1 CODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF SHIPS CARRYING
LIQUEFIED GASES IN BULK
Preamble
CHAPTER I GENERAL
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Application
1.3 Hazards
1.4 Definitions
1.5 Equivalents
1.6 Survey requirements 4]
1.7 Review of the Code
CHAPTER II SHIP SURVIVAL CAPABILITY AND CARGO TANK LOCATION
2.1 General
2.2 Freeboard and stability
2.3 Damage and Flooding assumptions
2.4 Survival requirements
2.5 Standard of damage to be applied
2.7 Special consideration for small ships
CHAPTER III - SHIP ARRANGEMENTS
3.1 Segregation of the cargo area
3.2 Accommodation, service and control station spaces
3.3 Cargo pump rooms and cargo compressor rooms
3.4 Cargo control rooms
3.6 Air-locks
3.7 Bilge, ballast and fuel oil arrangements 1]
3.8 Bow or stern loading and discharge arrangements
CHAPTER IV CARGO CONTAINMENT
4.1 General
4.2 Definitions
4.3 Design loads
4.4 Structural analysis
4.5 Allowable stresses and corrosion allowance
4.6 Supports
4.7 Secondary barrier
4.8 Insulation
4.9 Materials
4.10 Construction and testing
4.11 Stress relieving for independent tanks type C
4.12 Guidance formulae for acceleration components
4.13 Stress categories
CHAPTER V PROCESS PRESSURE VESSELS AND LIQUID, VAPOUR AND PRESSURE
PIPING SYSTEMS
5.1 General
5.2 Cargo and process piping
5.3 Cargo system valving requirements
5.4 Ships cargo hoses #
5.5 Cargo transfer methods
CHAPTER VI MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
6.1 General
6.2 Material requirements

6.3 Welding and non-destructive testing
CHAPTER VII CARGO PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE CONTROL
7.1 General
CHAPTER VIII CARGO VENT SYSTEMS
8.1 General
8.2 Pressure relief systems
8.3 Additional pressure relieving system
8.4 Vacuum protection systems
8.5 Size of valves
CHAPTER IX ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR CARGO CONTAINMENT SYSTEMS
9.1 Environmental control within cargo tanks and cargo piping systems
9.2 Environmental control within the hold spaces (cargo containment systems other than
independent tanks type C)
9.3 Environmental control of spaces surrounding independent tanks type C
9.4 Inerting
9.5 Inert gas production on board
CHAPTER X ELECTRICAL ARRANGEMENTS
10.1 General
10.2 Types of equipment
CHAPTER XI FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE EXTINGUISHING
11.1 Fire Safety requirements
11.2 Fire Water main equipment
11.3 Water spray system
11.4 Dry chemical powder fire extinguishing systems
11.5 Gas-dangerous enclosed spaces
11.6 Firemans outfits 4]
CHAPTER XII MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN CARGO AREA
12.1 Spaces required to be entered during normal cargo handling operations
CHAPTER XIII INSTRUMENTATION (GAUGING, GAS DETECTION
13.1 General
13.2 Level indicators for cargo tanks
13.3 Liquid level alarms
13.4 Pressure gauges
13.5 Temperature indicating devices
13.6 Gas detection requirements
CHAPTER XIV PERSONNEL PROTECTION
CHAPTER XV FILLING LIMITS FOR CARGO TANKS
15.1 General
15.2 Information to be provided to the master
CHAPTER XVI - USE OF CARGO AS FUEL
CHAPTER XVII SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS
17.1 General
17.2 Personnel Protection
17.3 Materials of construction
17.4 Independent tanks 2]

17.6 Deck cargo piping
17.7 Bow or stern loading and discharge lines
17.8 Exclusion of air from vapour spaces
17.9 Moisture Control
17.10 Inhibition
17.11 Permanently installed toxic gas detectors
17.12 Special requirements for individual gases
17.13 Vapour return connexions 2]
17.14 Toxic products 2]
17.15 Flame screens on vent outlets 2]
17.16 Maximum allowable quantity of cargo per tank 2]
17.17 Submerged electric cargo pumps 4]
CHAPTER XVIII OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
18.1 Information required to be carried
18.2 Compatibility
18.4 Entry into spaces
18.5 Carriage of cargo at low temperature
18.6 Protective clothing
18.7 Systems and controls
18.8 Cargo transfer operations
18.9 Additional operating requirements
CHAPTER XIX SUMMARY OF MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS
APPENDIX MODEL FORM OF CERTIFICATE OF FITNESS FOR THE CARRIAGE OF LIQUEFIED
GASES IN BULK
2 RESOLUTION A.328 (IX) CODE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION AND EQUIPMENT OF
SHIPS CARRYING LIQUEFIED GASES IN BULK
3 RESOLUTION MSC.7 (48) RECOMMENDATION FOR CHEMICAL TANKERS AND
GAS CARRIERS CONSTRUCTED BEFORE 1 JULY 1986
4 GUIDELINES FOR THE UNIFORM APPLICATION OF THE SURVIVAL REQUIREMENTS
OF THE BULK CHEMICAL CODE AND THE GAS CARRIER CODE
5 TESTING OF SHORE INSTALLATION CARGO HOSES MSC/CIRC.220
IGC CODE:International Grain Code 1991 (IGC)
CONTENT :
Annex
International Code for the Safe Carriage of Grain in Bulk
Part A
Specific Requirements
Part B
Calculation of assumed heeling moments and general assumptions
Appendix
by resolution MSC.22 (59)
ISPS, 2003 Edition
CONTENT:
1974
SOLAS Convention, Chapter VI, Part C, as amended
Conference resolution 2: Adoption of the International Code for the Security of Ships and of
Port Facilities
International Code for the Security of Ships and of Port Facilities Preamble
Part A: Mandatory requirements regarding the provisions of chapter XI-2 of the Annex to the
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended
Introduction
Objectives
Functional requirements
Definitions
Application
Responsibilities of Contracting Governments
Declaration of Security
Obligations of the Company
Ship security
Ship security assessment
Ship security plan
Records
Company security officer
Ship security officer
Training, drills and exercises on ship security
Port facility security
Port facility security assessment
Port facility security plan
Port facility security officer
Training, drills and exercises on port facility security
Verification and certification for ships
Verifications
Issue or endorsement of Certificate
Duration and validity of Certificate
Interim certification.
Appendix to part A Appendix 1: Form of the International Ship Security Certificate
Appendix 2: Form of the Interim International Ship Security Certificate
Part B: Guidance regarding the provisions of chapter XI-2 of the Annex to the International
Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 as amended and part A of this Code
Introduction
General
Setting the security level
The Company and the ship
The port facility
Information and communication
Definitions
Application
Security of assessments and plans
Designated Authorities
Recognized security organizations
Setting the security level

Contact points and information on port facility security plans
Identification documents
Fixed and floating platforms and mobile offshore drilling units on location
Ships which are not required to comply with part A of this Code
Threats to ships and other incidents at sea
Alternative security agreements
Equivalent arrangements for port facilities
Manning level
Control and compliance measures
Non-Party ships and ships below Convention size
Declaration of Security
Obligations of the Company
Ship security
Ship security assessment
Security assessment
On-scene security survey
Ship security plan
General
Organization and performance of ship security duties
Access to the ship
Restricted areas on the ship
Handling of cargo
Delivery of ship's stores
Handling unaccompanied baggage
Monitoring the security of the ship
Differing security levels
Activities not covered by the Code
Declarations of Security
Audit and review
Records
Company security officer
Ship security officer
Training, drills and exercises on ship security
Training
Drills and exercises
14 Port facility security
15 Port facility security assessment
General
Identification and evaluation of important assets and infrastructure it is important to protect
Identification of the possible threats to the assets and infrastructure and the likelihood of their
occurrence, in order to establish and prioritize security measures
Identification, selection, and prioritization of countermeasures and procedural changes and
their level of effectiveness in reducing vulnerability
Identification of vulnerabilities
Port facility security plan
General
Organization and performance of port facility security duties
Access to the port facility

Restricted areas within the port facility
Handling of cargo
Delivery of ship's stores
Handling unaccompanied baggage
Monitoring the security of the port facility
Differing security levels
Activities not covered by the Code
Declarations of Security
Audit, review and amendment
Approval of port facility security plans
Statement of Compliance of a Port Facility
Port facility security officer
Training, drills and exercises on port facility security
Training
Drills and exercises
Verification and certification for ships
Appendix to part B Appendix 1: Form of a Declaration of Security between a ship and a port
facility
Appendix 2: Form of a Statement of Compliance of a Port Facility
Conference resolution 1: Adoption of amendments to the Annex to the International Convention
for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974
Amendments to chapters V and XI of SOLAS 1974
Other Conference resolutions 3: Further work by the International Maritime Organization
pertaining to the enhancement of maritime security.
Future amendments to chapters XI-1 and XI-2 of the 1974 SOLAS Convention on special
measures to enhance maritime safety and security .
Promotion of technical co-operation and assistance
Early implementation of the special measures to enhance maritime security
Establishment of appropriate measures to enhance the security of ships, port facilities, mobile
offshore drilling units on location and fixed and floating platforms not covered by chapter XI-2
of the SOLAS Convention
Enhancement of security in co-operation with the International Labour Organization
Enhancement of security in co-operation with the World Customs Organization
Early implementation of long-range ship's identification and tracking
Human-element-related aspects and shore leave for seafarers
International Conference on Load Lines, Consolidated ed. 2005
CONTENT:
Page Part 1 International Convention on Load Lines, 1966 Articles of the Convention
Annex I: Regulations for determining load lines
Chapter I General
Chapter II Conditions of assignment of freeboard
Chapter III Freeboards
Chapter IV Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards
Annex II: Zones, areas and seasonal periods
Annex III: Certificates

Part 2 Articles of the Protocol of 1988 relating to the Convention
Part 3 International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, as modified by the 1988 Protocol relating
thereto, as amended
Annex A: Articles of the Convention as modified by the Protocol of 1988 relating thereto
Annex B: Annexes to the Convention as modified by the Protocol of 1988 relating thereto
Annex I: Regulations for determining load lines
Chapter I General
Chapter II Conditions of assignment of freeboard
Chapter III Freeboards
Chapter IV Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards
Annex II: Zones, areas and seasonal periods
Annex III: Certificates
CSC CODE:
International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972 (CSC 1972), 1996 Edition
International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972*
Annex I Regulations for the testing, inspection, approval and maintenance of containers
Chapter I Regulations common to all systems of approval
Chapter II Regulations for approval of new containers by design type
Chapter III Regulations for approval of new containers by individual approval
Chapter IV Regulations for approval of existing containers and new containers not approved
at time of manufacture
Chapter V Regulations for approval of modified containers
Appendix Safety Approval Plate
Annex II Structural safety requirements and tests
Supplement Recommendation on harmonized interpretation and implementation of the
International Convention for Safe Containers, 1972 as amended
Resolution A.737 (18) Amendments to the International Convention for Safe Containers
(CSC), 1972
International Code of Signals, 2005 Ed
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
Chapter
I Explanations and general remarks

II Definitions
III Methods of signalling
IV General instructions
V Flag signalling
VI Flashing light signalling
VII Sound signalling
VIII Radiotelephony
IX Morse signalling by hand-flags or arms
X Morse symbols phonetic tables procedure signals
XI Single-letter signals
Chapter XII Single-letter signals with complements

Chapter XIII Single-letter signals between ice-breaker and assisted vessels
Chapter XIV Identification of medical transports in armed conflict and permanent identification
of rescue craft
General section
I Distress emergency
Abandon
Accident doctor injured / sick
Aircraft Helicopter
Assistance
Boats rafts
Disabled drifting sinking
Distress
Position
Search and rescue
Survivors
II Casualties damages
Collision
Damages repairs
Diver underwater operations
Fire explosion
Grounding beaching refloating
Leak
Towing Tugs
III Aids to navigation navigation hydrography
Aids to navigation
Bar
Bearings
Canal channel fairway
Course
Dangers to navigation warnings
Depth draught
Electronic navigation
Mines minesweeping
Navigation lights searchlight
Navigating and steering instructions
Tide
IV Manoeuvres
Ahead astern
Alongside
To anchor anchor(s) anchorage
Engines propeller
Landing boarding
Manoeuvre
Proceed under way
Speed
Stop heave to
V Miscellaneous
Cargo ballast
Crew persons on board
Fishery
Pilot
Port harbour
Miscellaneous
VI Meteorology weather
Clouds
Gale storm tropical storm
Ice Icebergs
Ice-breaker
Atmospheric pressure temperature
Sea swell
Visibility fog
Weather Weather forecast
Wind
VII Routeing of ships
VIII Communications
Acknowledge answer
Calling
Cancel
Communicate
Exercise
Reception transmission
Repeat
IX International Health Regulations
Pratique messages
Tables of complements
Medical section
Table of contents
Instructions
I Request for medical assistance
II Medical advice
Tables of complements
Medical index
Appendices
Appendix 1 Distress signals
Appendix 2 Tables of signalling flags
Appendix 3 Table of life-saving signals
Appendix 4 Radiotelephone procedures
General index
Timber Deck Cargoes, 1991 Edition
This new code was adopted in response to continuing casualties involving the shifting and loss
of timber cargoes. It was an update to the earlier Code of Safe Practice for Ships Carrying
Timber Deck Cargoes, made during the IMO Assembly's seventeenth session (November 1991)
by resolution A.715(17). I275E
CONTENT:
Chapter 1
General
Chapter 2
Stability
Chapter 3
Stowage
Chapter 4
Securing
Chapter 5
Personnel Protection and Safety Devices
Chapter 6
Action to be taken during the voyage
Appendix A
Advice on stowage practices
Appendix B
General Guidelines for the under-deck stowage of logs
Appendix C
Recommendation on intact stability for passenger and cargo ships under
100m in length, as amended, with respect to ships carrying deck cargoes
Appendix 1
Calculation of stability curves
Appendix 2
Standard conditions of loading to be examined
Appendix 3
Memorandum to Administrations on an approximate determination of ships
stability by means of rolling period tests (for ships up to 70m in length) Annex Suggested
form of guidance to the master on an approximate determination of ships stability by means of
the rolling period test
Appendix D
Text of regulation 44 of the International Convention on Load Lines 1966
Resolution A.715(17) adopted on 6 November 1991
BCH Code, 2008 Edition

This publication contains the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships
Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk (BCH Code) and information related to that
Code. The Code was originally adopted in 1971 and was altered by a series of
amendments between 1972 and 1983 before an amended version was adopted by
the Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) in 1985 and by the Maritime
Safety Committee (MSC) in 1986. There have been further amendments, the most
recent of which were adopted by the MEPC by resolution MEPC.144(54) in March
2006 and by the MSC by resolution MSC.212(81) in May 2006. These came into force
on 1 August 2007.
CONTENT:
ISGOTT:
This is the definitive Guide to the safe carriage and handling of crude oil and petroleum
products on tankers and at terminals.
ART 1: GENERAL INFORMATION
CHAPTER 1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM
1.1 Vapour Pressure
1.1.1 True Vapour Pressure

1.1.2 Reid Vapour Pressure
1.2 Flammability
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Flammable Limits
1.2.3 Effect of Inert Gas on Flammability
1.2.4 Tests for Flammability
1.2.5 Flashpoint
1.2.6 Flammability Classification of Petroleum
1.3 Density of Hydrocarbon Gases
CHAPTER 2 HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM
2.1 Flammability
2.2 Density
2.3 Toxicity
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Liquid Petroleum
2.3.3 Petroleum Gases
2.3.4 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
2.3.5 Benzene and Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2.3.6 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
2.3.7 Mercaptans
2.3.8 Gasolines Containing Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) or Tetramethyl Lead (TML)
2.3.9 Inert Gas
2.3.10 Oxygen Deficiency
2.4 Gas Measurement
2.4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 Measurement of Hydrocarbon Concentration
2.4.3 Flammable Gas Monitors (Explosimeters)
2.4.4 Non-Catalytic Heated Filament Gas Indicators (Tankscopes)
2.4.5 Inferometer (Refractive Index Meter)
2.4.6 Infra-red (IR) Instruments
2.4.7 Measurement of Low Concentrations of Toxic Gases
2.4.8 Fixed Gas Detection Installations
2.4.9 Measurement of Oxygen Concentrations
2.4.10 Use of Oxygen Analysers
2.4.11 Multi-gas Instruments
2.4.12 Personal Gas Monitors
2.4.13 Gas Sample Lines and Sampling Procedures
2.5 Hydrocarbon Gas Evolution and Dispersion
2.5.1 Introduction
2.5.2 Gas Evolution and Venting
2.5.3 Gas Dispersion
2.5.4 Variables Affecting Dispersion
2.5.5 Minimising Hazards from Vented Gas
2.5.6 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes
2.6 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide
2.6.1 Pyrophoric Oxidation
2.6.2 Formation of Pyrophors

2.6.3 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Inerted Cargo Tanks
2.7 The Hazards Associated with the Handling, Storage and Carriage of Residual Fuel Oils
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 Nature of Hazard
2.7.3 Flashpoint and Headspace Flammability Measurement
2.7.4 Precautionary Measures
2.7.5 Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard in Residual Fuel Oils
3 STATIC ELECTRICITY
3.1 Principles of Electrostatics
3.1.1 Summary
3.1.2 Charge Separation
3.1.3 Charge Accumulation
3.1.4 Electrostatic Discharge
3.1.5 Electrostatic Properties of Gases and Mists
3.2 General Precautions Against Electrostatic Hazards
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Bonding
3.2.3 Avoiding Loose Conductive Objects
3.3 Other Sources of Electrostatic Hazards
3.3.1 Filters
3.3.2 Fixed Equipment in Cargo Tanks
3.3.3 Free Fall in Tanks
3.3.4 Water Mists
3.3.5 Inert Gas
3.3.6 Discharge of Carbon Dioxide
3.3.7 Clothing and Footwear
3.3.8 Synthetic Materials
4 GENERAL HAZARDS FOR SHIP AND TERMINAL
4.1 General Principles
4.2 Control of Potential Ignition Sources
4.2.1 Naked Lights
4.2.2 Smoking
4.2.3 Galley Stoves and Cooking Appliances
4.2.4 Engine and Boiler Rooms
4.3 Portable Electrical Equipment
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Lamps and Other Electrical Equipment on Flexible Cables (Wandering Leads)
4.3.3 Air Driven Lamps
4.3.4 Torches (Flashlights), Lamps and Portable Battery Powered Equipment
4.3.5 Cameras
4.3.6 Other Portable Electrical Equipment
4.4 Management of Electrical Equipment and Installations in Dangerous Areas
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Dangerous and Hazardous Areas
4.4.3 Electrical Equipment
4.4.4 Inspection and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment

4.4.5 Electrical Repairs, Maintenance and Test Work at Terminals
4.5 Use of Tools
4.5.1 Grit Blasting and Mechanically Powered Tools
4.5.2 Hand Tools
4.6 Equipment Made of Aluminium
4.7 Cathodic Protection Anodes in Cargo Tanks
4.8 Communications Equipment
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Ships Radio Equipment
4.8.3 Ships Radar Equipment
4.8.4 Automatic Identification Systems (AIS)
4.8.5 Telephones
4.8.6 Mobile Telephones
4.8.7 Pagers
4.9 Spontaneous Combustion
4.10 Auto-Ignition
4.11 Asbestos
5 FIRE-FIGHTING
5.1 Theory of Fire-Fighting
5.2 Types of Fire and Appropriate Extinguishing Agents
5.2.1 Class A Ordinary (Solid) Combustible Material Fires
5.2.2 Class B Fires Involving Flammable and Combustible Hydrocarbon Liquids
5.2.3 Class C Electrical Equipment Fires
5.2.4 Class D Combustible Metal Fires
5.3 Extinguishing Agents
5.3.1 Cooling Agents
5.3.2 Smothering Agents
5.3.3 Flame Inhibiting Agents
CHAPTER 6 SECURITY
6.1 General
6.2 Security Assessments
6.3 Responsibilities Under the ISPS Code
6.4 Security Plans
PART 2: TANKER INFORMATION
CHAPTER 7 SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS
7.1 Fixed Inert Gas Systems
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Sources of Inert Gas
7.1.3 Composition and Quality of Inert Gas
7.1.4 Methods of Replacing Tank Atmospheres
7.1.5 Cargo Tank Atmosphere Control
7.1.6 Application to Cargo Tank Operations
7.1.7 Precautions to be Taken to Avoid Health Hazards
7.1.8 Cargo Tank Protection Against Over/Under-Pressure
7.1.9 Emergency Inert Gas Supply

7.1.10 Product Carriers Fitted with an Inert Gas System
7.1.11 Cold Weather Precautions for Inert Gas Systems
7.1.12 Inert Gas System Failure
7.1.13 Inert Gas Plant Repairs
7.2 Venting Systems
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Tank Over-Pressurisation and Under-Pressurisation
7.3 Cargo and Ballast Systems
7.3.1 Operation Manual
7.3.2 Cargo and Ballast System Integrity
7.3.3 Loading Rates
7.3.4 Monitoring of Void and Ballast Spaces
7.4 Power and Propulsion Systems
7.5 Vapour Emission Control (VEC) Systems
7.6 Stern Loading and Discharging Arrangements
CHAPTER 8 SHIPS EQUIPMENT
8.1 Shipboard Fire-Fighting Equipment
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations Cooling
8.1.3 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations Smothering
8.1.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers
8.2 Gas Testing Equipment
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Summary of Gas Testing Tasks
8.2.3 The Provision of Gas Measuring Instruments
8.2.4 Alarm Functions on Gas Measuring Instruments
8.2.5 Sampling Lines
8.2.6 Calibration
8.2.7 Operational Testing and Inspection
8.2.8 Disposable Personal Gas Monitors
8.3 Lifting Equipment
8.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance
8.3.2 Training
CHAPTER 9 MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND EMERGENCIES
9.1 The International Safety Management (ISM) Code
9.2 Safety Management Systems
9.2.1 Risk Assessment
9.3 Permit to Work Systems
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Permit to Work Systems Structure
9.3.3 Permit to Work Systems Principles of Operation
9.3.4 Permit to Work Forms
9.3.5 Work Planning Meetings
9.4 Hot Work
9.4.1 Control of Hot Work
9.4.2 Hot Work Inside a Designated Space

9.4.3 Hot Work Outside a Designated Space
9.4.4 Hot Work in Dangerous or Hazardous Areas
9.5 Welding and Burning Equipment
9.6 Other Hazardous Tasks
9.7 Management of Contractors
9.8 Repairs at a Facility Other Than a Shipyard
9.8.1 Introduction
9.8.2 General
9.8.3 Supervision and Control
9.8.4 Pre-Arrival Planning
9.8.5 Mooring Arrangements
9.8.6 Shore Facilities
9.8.7 Pre-Work Safety Meeting
9.8.8 Work Permits
9.8.9 Tank Condition
9.8.10 Cargo Lines
9.8.11 Fire-Fighting Precautions
9.8.12 Safety Officer
9.8.13 Hot Work
9.9 Shipboard Emergency Management
9.9.1 General
9.9.2 Tanker Emergency Plan
9.9.3 Actions in the Event of an Emergency
CHAPTER 10 ENCLOSED SPACES
10.1 Definition and General Caution
10.2 Hazards of Enclosed Spaces
10.2.1 Assessment of Risk
10.2.2 Respiratory Hazards
10.2.3 Hydrocarbon Vapours
10.2.4 Toxic Gases
10.2.5 Oxygen Deficiency
10.2.6 Products of Inert Gas
10.3 Atmosphere Tests Prior to Entry
10.4 Control of Entry into Enclosed Spaces
10.5 Safeguards for Enclosed Space Entry
10.6 Emergency Procedures
10.6.1 Evacuation from Enclosed Spaces
10.6.2 Rescue from Enclosed Spaces
10.6.3 Resuscitation
10.7 Entry into Enclosed Spaces with Atmospheres Known or Suspected to be Unsafe for Entry
10.8 Respiratory Protective Equipment
10.8.1 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
10.8.2 Air Line Breathing Apparatus
10.8.3 Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD)
10.8.4 Cartridge or Canister Face Masks
10.8.5 Hose Mask (Fresh Air Breathing Apparatus)
10.8.6 Equipment Maintenance

10.8.7 Stowage
10.8.8 Training
10.9 Work in Enclosed Spaces
10.9.1 General Requirements
10.9.2 Opening Equipment and Fittings
10.9.3 Use of Tools
10.9.4 Use of Electric Lights and Electrical Equipment
10.9.5 Removal of Sludge, Scale and Sediment
10.9.6 Work Boats
10.10 Pumproom Entry Precautions
10.10.1 Ventilation
10.10.2 Pumproom Entry Procedures
10.11 Pumproom Operational Precautions
10.11.1 General Precautions
10.11.2 Cargo and Ballast Line Draining Procedures
10.11.3 Routine Maintenance and Housekeeping Issues
10.11.4 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment in the Pumproom
10.11.5 Inspection and Maintenance of Pumproom Ventilation Fans
10.11.6 Testing of Alarms and Trips
10.11.7 Miscellaneous
11 SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS
11.1 Cargo Operations
11.1.1 General
11.1.2 Setting of Lines and Valves
11.1.3 Valve Operation
11.1.4 Pressure Surges
11.1.5 Butterfly and Non-Return (Check) Valves
11.1.6 Loading Procedures
11.1.7 Loading Static Accumulator Oils
11.1.8 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes
11.1.9 Loading Cargoes Containing Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
11.1.10 Loading Cargoes Containing Benzene
11.1.11 Loading Heated Products
11.1.12 Loading Over the Top (sometimes known as Loading Overall)
11.1.13 Loading at Terminals Having Vapour Emission Control (VEC) Systems
11.1.14 Discharging Procedures
11.1.15 Pipeline and Hose Clearing Following Cargo Operations
11.2 Stability, Stress, Trim and Sloshing Considerations
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Free Surface Effects
11.2.3 Heavy Weather Ballast
11.2.4 Loading and Discharge Planning
11.3 Tank Cleaning
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Tank Washing Risk Management
11.3.3 Supervision and Preparation
11.3.4 Tank Atmospheres

11.3.5 Tank Washing
11.3.6 Precautions for Tank Washing
11.4 Gas Freeing
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Gas Free for Entry Without Breathing Apparatus
11.4.3 Procedures and Precautions
11.4.4 Gas Testing and Measurement
11.4.5 Fixed Gas Freeing Equipment
11.4.6 Portable Fans
11.4.7 Ventilating Double Hull Ballast Tanks
11.4.8 Gas Freeing in Preparation for Hot Work
11.5 Crude Oil Washing
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Advance Notice
11.5.3 Tank Washing Machines
11.5.4 Control of Tank Atmosphere
11.5.5 Precautions Against Leakage from the Washing System
11.5.6 Avoidance of Oil and Water Mixtures
11.5.7 Isolation of the Tank Cleaning Heater
11.5.8 Control of Vapour Emissions
11.5.9 Supervision
11.5.10 Cautionary Notice
11.6 Ballast Operations
11.6.1 Introduction
11.6.2 General
11.6.3 Loading Cargo Tank Ballast
11.6.4 Loading Segregated Ballast
11.6.5 Deballasting in Port
11.6.6 Discharging Segregated Ballast
11.6.7 Ballast Water Exchange at Sea
11.6.8 Discharging Cargo Tank Ballast at Sea
11.7 Cargo Leakage into Double Hull Tanks
11.7.1 Action to be Taken
11.7.2 Inerting Double Hull Tanks
11.8 Cargo Measurement, Ullaging, Dipping and Sampling
11.8.1 General
11.8.2 Measuring and Sampling Non-Inerted Tanks
11.8.3 Measuring and Sampling Inerted Tanks
11.8.4 Measuring and Sampling Cargoes Containing Toxic Substances
11.8.5 Closed Gauging for Custody Transfer
11.9 Transfers Between Vessels
11.9.1 Ship-to-Ship Transfers
11.9.2 Ship-to-Barge and Barge-to-Ship Transfers
11.9.3 Ship-to-Ship Transfers Using Vapour Balancing
11.9.4 Ship-to-Ship Transfers Using Terminal Facilities
11.9.5 Ship-to-Ship Electric Currents
CHAPTER 12 CARRIAGE AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

12.1 Liquefied Gases
12.2 Ships Stores
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Paint
12.2.3 Chemicals
12.2.4 Cleaning Liquids
12.2.5 Spare Gear Storage
12.3 Cargo and Bunker Samples
12.4 Other Materials
12.4.1 Sawdust, Oil Absorbent Granules and Pads
12.4.2 Garbage
12.5 Packaged Cargoes
12.5.1 Petroleum and Other Flammable Liquids
12.5.2 Dangerous Goods
12.5.3 Entry into Holds
12.5.4 Portable Electrical Equipment
12.5.5 Smothering Type Fire Extinguishing Systems
12.5.6 Fire-Fighting Precautions
12.5.7 Forecastle Spaces and Midship Stores
12.5.8 Deck Cargo
12.5.9 Barges
CHAPTER 13 HUMAN ELEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
13.1 Manning Levels
13.2 Training and Experience
13.3 Hours of Rest
13.3.1 Statutory Requirements
13.3.2 Fatigue
13.4 Drug and Alcohol Policy
13.4.1 Industry Guidelines
13.4.2 Control of Alcohol
13.4.3 Drug and Alcohol Testing Programmes
13.5 Drug Trafficking
13.6 Employment Practices
CHAPTER 14 SPECIAL SHIP TYPES
14.1 Combination Carriers
14.1.1 General Guidance
14.1.2 Types of Combination Carriers
14.1.3 Slack Holds in Combination Carriers
14.1.4 Sloshing
14.1.5 Longitudinal Stress
14.1.6 Venting of Cargo Holds
14.1.7 Inert Gas
14.1.8 Hatch Covers
14.1.9 Tank Washing
14.1.10 Carriage of Slops when Trading as a Dry Bulk Carrier
14.1.11 Leakage into Ballast Tanks on Combination Carriers

14.1.12 Testing of Cargo Tanks and Enclosed Spaces on Dry Bulk Voyages
14.1.13 Cargo Changeover Check-Lists
14.2 LPG Carriers Carrying Petroleum Products
14.2.1 General
14.2.2 Product Limitations
14.2.3 Pre-Loading Preparations
14.2.4 Loading of Pentane Plus or Naphtha
14.2.5 Cargo Sampling
14.2.6 Loading, Carriage and Discharge Procedures
14.2.7 Tank Cleaning and Changeover Procedures
PART 3: TERMINAL INFORMATION
CHAPTER 15 TERMINAL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION
15.1 Compliance
15.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Management
15.3 Operating Manual
15.4 Terminal Information and Port Regulations
15.5 Supervision and Control
15.5.1 Manning Levels
15.5.2 De-Manning of Berths During Cargo Handling
15.5.3 Checks on Quantity During Cargo Handling
15.5.4 Training
15.6 Ship and Berth Compatibility
15.6.1 Maximum Draught
15.6.2 Maximum Displacement
15.6.3 Length Overall (LOA)
15.6.4 Other Criteria
15.7 Documentation
CHAPTER 16 TERMINAL OPERATIONS
16.1 Pre-Arrival Communications
16.2 Mooring
16.2.1 Mooring Equipment
16.3 Limiting Conditions for Operations
16.4 Ship/Shore Access
16.4.1 General
16.4.2 Provision of Ship/Shore Access
16.4.3 Access Equipment
16.4.4 Siting of Gangways
16.4.5 Safety Nets
16.4.6 Routine Maintenance
16.4.7 Unauthorised Persons
16.4.8 Persons Smoking or Intoxicated
16.5 Double Banking
16.6 Over the Tide Cargo Operations
16.6.1 Discharging Over the Tide
16.6.2 Loading Over the Tide

16.7 Operations Where the Ship is not Always Afloat
16.8 Generation of Pressure Surges in Pipelines
16.8.1 Introduction
16.8.2 Generation of a Pressure Surge
16.9 Assessment of Pressure Surges
16.9.1 Effective Valve Closure Time
16.9.2 Derivation of Total Pressure in the System
16.9.3 Overall System Design
16.10 Reduction of Pressure Surge Hazard
16.10.1 General Precautions
16.10.2 Limitation of Flow Rate to Avoid the Risk of a Damaging Pressure Surge
16.11 Pipeline Flow Control as a Static Precaution
16.11.1 General
16.11.2 Flow Control Requirements
16.11.3 Controlling Loading Rates
16.11.4 Discharge into Shore Installations
CHAPTER 17 TERMINAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
17.1 Electrical Equipment
17.2 Fendering
17.3 Lifting Equipment
17.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance
17.3.2 Training in the Use of Lifting Equipment
17.4 Lighting
17.5 Ship/Shore Electrical Isolation
17.5.1 General
17.5.2 Ship-to-Shore Electric Currents
17.5.3 Sea Islands
17.5.4 Ship/Shore Bonding Cables
17.5.5 Insulating Flange
17.6 Earthing and Bonding Practice in the Terminal
CHAPTER 18 CARGO TRANSFER EQUIPMENT
18.1 Metal Cargo Arms
18.1.1 Operating Envelope
18.1.2 Forces on Manifolds
18.1.3 Tanker Manifold Restrictions
18.1.4 Inadvertent Filling of Arms while Parked
18.1.5 Ice Formation
18.1.6 Mechanical Couplers
18.1.7 Wind Forces
18.1.8 Precautions when Connecting and Disconnecting Arms
18.1.9 Precautions while Arms are Connected
18.1.10 Powered Emergency Release Couplings (PERCs)
18.2 Cargo Hoses
18.2.1 General
18.2.2 Types and Applications
18.2.3 Performance
18.2.4 Marking
18.2.5 Flow Velocities
18.2.6 Inspection,Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Dock Cargo Hoses
18.2.7 Hose Flange Standards
18.2.8 Operating Conditions
18.2.9 Extended Storage
18.2.10 Checks Before Hose Handling
18.2.11 Handling, Lifting and Suspending
18.2.12 Adjustment During Cargo Handling Operations
18.2.13 Submarine and Floating Hose Strings
18.3 Vapour Emission Control Systems
CHAPTER 19 SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION
19.1 Safety
19.1.1 Design Considerations
19.1.2 Safety Management
19.1.3 Permit to Work Systems General Considerations
19.2 Marine Terminal Fire Protection
19.2.1 General
19.2.2 Fire Prevention and Isolation
19.2.3 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems
19.2.4 Automatic Detection Systems
19.2.5 Selection of Fire Detectors
19.2.6 Location and Spacing of Fire Detectors
19.2.7 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors
19.2.8 Locating Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors
19.2.9 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Analysers
19.2.10 Fire Extinguishing System Compatibility
19.3 Alarm and Signalling Systems
19.3.1 Types of Alarm Systems
19.3.2 Types of Signal
19.3.3 Alarm and Signalling System Design
19.3.4 Alternative Alarm and Signalling System Design
19.3.5 Interface Between Detection Systems and Alarm or Fire Extinguishing Systems Circuit
Design
19.3.6 Electric Power Sources
19.4 Detection and Alarm Systems at Terminals Handling Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
19.4.1 General
19.4.2 Control Rooms/Control Buildings
19.5 Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.5.1 Terminal Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.5.2 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers and Monitors
19.5.3 Terminal Fixed Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.6 Water-Borne Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.7 Protective Clothing
19.8 Access for Fire-Fighting Services
CHAPTER 20 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS

20.1 Overview
20.2 Terminal Emergency Planning Plan Components and Procedures
20.2.1 Preparation
20.2.2 Control
20.2.3 Communications and Alarms
20.2.4 Site Plans and Maps
20.2.5 Access to Equipment
20.2.6 Road Traffic Movement and Control
20.2.7 Outside Services
20.2.8 Training for Emergencies
20.3 Definition and Hierarchy of Emergencies
20.3.1 General
20.3.2 Hierarchy of Emergencies
20.3.3 Assessing Risks
20.4 Terminal Emergency Plan
20.4.1 Format
20.4.2 Preparation
20.4.3 Resource Availability
20.4.4 Miscellaneous Organisational Items
20.5 Emergency Removal of Tanker from Berth
CHAPTER 21 EMERGENCY EVACUATION
21.1 General
21.1.1 Ship Evacuation
21.1.2 Non-Essential Personnel
21.2 Evacuation and Personnel Escape Routes
21.2.1 Primary and Secondary Escape Routes
21.2.2 Protection of Personnel
21.2.3 Boat Access
21.2.4 Availability of Rescue Craft
21.2.5 Life Saving Appliances
21.3 Survival Craft
21.4 Training and Drills
PART 4: MANAGEMENT OF THE TANKER AND TERMINAL INTERFACE
CHAPTER 22 COMMUNICATIONS
22.1 Procedures and Precautions
22.1.1 Communications Equipment
22.1.2 Communications Procedures
22.1.3 Compliance with Terminal and Local Regulations
22.2 Pre-Arrival Exchange of Information
22.2.1 Exchange of Security Information
22.2.2 Tanker to Appropriate Competent Authority
22.2.3 Tanker to Terminal
22.2.4 Terminal to Tanker
22.3 Pre-Berthing Exchange of Information
22.3.1 Tanker to Terminal and/or Pilot
22.3.2 Terminal and/or Pilot to Tanker

22.4 Pre-Transfer Exchange of Information
22.4.1 Tanker to Terminal
22.4.2 Terminal to Tanker
22.5 Agreed Loading Plan
22.6 Agreed Discharge Plan
22.7 Agreement to Carry Out Repairs
22.7.1 Repairs on the Tanker
22.7.2 Repairs on the Terminal
22.7.3 Use of Tools whilst a Tanker is Alongside a Terminal
CHAPTER 23 MOORING
23.1 Personnel Safety
23.2 Security of Moorings
23.3 Preparations for Arrival
23.3.1 Tankers Mooring Equipment
23.3.2 Use of Tugs
23.3.3 Emergency Use of Tugs
23.4 Mooring at Jetty Berths
23.4.1 Type and Quality of Mooring Lines
23.4.2 Management of Moorings at Alongside Berths
23.5 Berthing at Buoy Moorings
23.5.1 Mooring at Conventional Multi-Buoy Moorings
23.5.2 Mooring at Single Point Moorings (SPMs)
23.5.3 Management of Moorings at Buoy Berths
CHAPTER 24 PRECAUTIONS ON SHIP AND TERMINAL DURING CARGO HANDLING
24.1 External Openings in Superstructures
24.2 Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
24.3 Openings in Cargo Tanks
24.3.1 Cargo Tank Lids
24.3.2 Sighting and Ullage Ports
24.3.3 Cargo Tank Vent Outlets
24.3.4 Tank Washing Openings
24.4 Inspection of Ships Cargo Tanks Before Loading
24.5 Segregated Ballast Tank Lids
24.6 Ship and Shore Cargo Connections
24.6.1 Flange Connections
24.6.2 Removal of Blank Flanges
24.6.3 Reducers and Spools
24.6.4 Lighting
24.6.5 Emergency Release
24.7 Accidental Oil Spillage and Leakage
24.7.1 General
24.7.2 Sea and Overboard Discharge Valves
24.7.3 Scupper Plugs
24.7.4 Spill Containment
24.7.5 Ship and Shore Cargo and Bunker Pipelines not in Use
24.8 Fire-Fighting Equipment

24.9 Proximity to Other Vessels
24.9.1 Tankers at Adjacent Berths
24.9.2 General Cargo Ships at Adjacent Berths
24.9.3 Tanker Operations at General Cargo Berths
24.9.4 Tugs and Other Craft Alongside
24.10 Notices
24.10.1 Notices on the Tanker
24.10.2 Notices on the Terminal
24.11 Manning Requirements
24.12 Control of Naked Flames and Other Potential Ignition Sources
24.13 Control of Vehicles and Other Equipment
24.14 Helicopter Operations
CHAPTER 25 BUNKERING OPERATIONS
25.1 General
25.2 Bunkering Procedures
25.3 The Bunkering Operation
25.4 The Bunkering Safety Check-List
25.4.1 General
25.4.2 Guidelines for Use
25.4.3 Bunkering Safety Check-List
CHAPTER 26 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
26.1 Climatic Conditions
26.1.1 Terminal Advice of Adverse Weather Conditions
26.1.2 Wind Conditions
26.1.3 Electrical Storms (Lightning)
26.2 Personnel Safety
26.2.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
26.2.2 Slip and Fall Hazards
26.2.3 Personal Hygiene
26.2.4 Clothing Made of Synthetic Materials
26.3 The Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
26.3.1 General
26.3.2 Guidelines for Use
26.3.3 The Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
26.3.4 Example Safety Letter
26.4 Guidelines for Completing the Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
26.5 Emergency Actions
26.5.1 Fire or Explosion on a Berth
26.5.2 Fire on a Tanker at a Terminal
26.5.3 International Shore Fire Connection
26.5.4 Emergency Release Procedures
26.5.5 Emergency Towing-Off Pennants
"Green Passport" for Ships

10/25/2002
"Green Passport" for Ships

Environmental issues took centre stage at IMO during the recent 48th session of the Marine
Environment Protection Committee (MEPC). Delegates from more than 80 countries discussed a
range of topics relating to the protection of the marine environment from pollution by ships.
The work progressed in several key areas, including ship recycling, ballast water management
and greenhouse gas emissions from ships. Draft IMO Guidelines on ship recycling were
discussed in detail, with a view to producing a final draft for adoption by the next IMO
Assembly in 2003.
The document called "Green Passport" for ships is envisaged to accompany the ship throughout
its working life and contain an inventory of all materials potentially hazardous to human health
or the environment, used in the construction of a ship. Produced by the shipyard at the
construction stage and passed to the purchaser of the vessel, the document would be in a
format that would enable any subsequent changes in materials or equipment to be recorded.
Successive owners of the ship would maintain the accuracy of the Green Passport and
incorporate into it all relevant design and equipment changes, with the final owner delivering it,
with the vessel, to the recycling yard.
The draft guidelines note that, in the process of recycling ships, virtually nothing goes to waste.
The materials and equipment are almost entirely reused. Steel is reprocessed to become, for
instance, reinforcing rods for use in the construction industry or as corner castings and hinges
for containers. Ships' generators are reused ashore. Batteries find their way into the local
economy. Hydrocarbons on board become reclaimed oil products to be used as fuel in rolling
mills or brick kilns; light fittings find further use on land etc. Furthermore, new steel production
from recycled steel requires only one third of the energy used for steel production from raw
materials. Recycling makes a positive contribution to the global conservation of energy and
resources and, in the process, employs a large, if predominantly unskilled, workforce. Properly
handled, ship recycling is, without question, a "green" industry.
1.1 Information to be included in the trim and stability booklet

1.1.1 General
A trim and stability booklet is a stability manual, to be approved by the Society, which is to
contain information to enable the Master to operate the ship in compliance with the applicable
requirements contained in the Rules.
The format of the stability booklet and the information included vary depending on the ship
type and operation.
1.1.2 List of information
The following information is to be included in the trim and stability booklet:
a general description of the ship, including:
the ship's name and the Society classification number
the ship type and service notation
the class notations
the yard, the hull number and the year of delivery
the Flag, the port of registry, the international call sign and the IMO number
the moulded dimensions
the draught corresponding to the assigned summer load line, the draught corresponding to
the assigned summer timber load line and the draught corresponding to the tropical load line,
if applicable
the displacement corresponding to the above- mentioned draughts
instructions on the use of the booklet
general arrangement and capacity plans indicating the assigned use of compartments and
spaces (cargo, passenger, stores, accommodation, etc.)
a sketch indicating the position of the draught marks referred to the ship's perpendiculars
hydrostatic curves or tables corresponding to the design trim, and, if significant trim angles are
foreseen during the normal operation of the ship, curves or tables corresponding to such range
of trim are to be introduced. A reference relevant to the sea density, in t/m3, is to be included
as well as the draught measure (from keel or underkeel).
cross curves (or tables) of stability calculated on a free trimming basis, for the ranges of
displacement and trim anticipated in normal operating conditions, with indication of the
volumes which have been considered in the computation of these curves
tank sounding tables or curves showing capacities, centres of gravity, and free surface data for
each tank
lightship data from the inclining test, as indicated in Ch 3, Sec 1, [2.2], including lightship
displacement, centre of gravity co-ordinates, place and date of the inclining test, as well as the
Society approval details specified in the inclining test report. It is suggested that a copy of the
approved test report be included.
Where the above-mentioned information is derived from a sister ship, the reference to this
sister ship is to be indicated, and a copy of the approved inclining test report relevant to this
sister ship is to be included.
standard loading conditions as indicated in [1.2] and examples for developing other acceptable
loading conditions using the information contained in the booklet
intact stability results (total displacement and its centre of gravity co-ordinates, draughts at
perpendiculars, GM, GM corrected for free surfaces effect, GZ values and curve, criteria as
indicated in Ch 3, Sec 2, [2] and Ch 3, Sec 2, [3] as well as possible additional criteria specified
in Part E when applicable, reporting a comparison between the actual and the required values)
are to be available for each of the above-mentioned operating conditions. The method and
assumptions to be followed in the stability curve calculation are specified in [1.3].
information on loading restrictions (maximum allowable load on double bottom, maximum
specific gravity allowed in liquid cargo tanks, maximum filling level or percentage in liquid
cargo tanks, maximum KG or minimum GM curve or table which can be used to determine
compliance with the applicable intact and damage stability criteria) when applicable
information about openings (location, tightness, means of closure), pipes or other progressive
flooding sources
information concerning the use of any special cross-flooding fittings with descriptions of
damage conditions which may require cross-flooding, when applicable
any other guidance deemed appropriate for the operation of the ship
a table of contents and index for each booklet.
International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), 1974
Adoption: 1 November 1974; Entry into force: 25 May 1980
The SOLAS Convention in its successive forms is generally regarded as the most
important of all international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ships. The first
version was adopted in 1914, in response to the Titanic disaster, the second in 1929,
the third in 1948, and the fourth in 1960. The 1974 version includes the tacit acceptance
procedure - which provides that an amendment shall enter into force on a specified date
unless, before that date, objections to the amendment are received from an agreed
number of Parties.
As a result the 1974 Convention has been updated and amended on numerous
occasions. The Convention in force today is sometimes referred to as SOLAS, 1974, as
amended.
Technical provisions
The main objective of the SOLAS Convention is to specify minimum standards for the
construction, equipment and operation of ships, compatible with their safety. Flag States
are responsible for ensuring that ships under their flag comply with its requirements,
and a number of certificates are prescribed in the Convention as proof that this has
been done. Control provisions also allow Contracting Governments to inspect ships of
other Contracting States if there are clear grounds for believing that the ship and its
equipment do not substantially comply with the requirements of the Convention - this
procedure is known as port State control.The current SOLAS Convention includes Articles
setting out general obligations, amendment procedure and so on, followed by an Annex
divided into 12 Chapters.
Chapter I - General Provisions
Includes regulations concerning the survey of the various types of ships and the issuing
of documents signifying that the ship meets the requirements of the Convention. The
Chapter also includes provisions for the control of ships in ports of other Contracting
Governments.
Chapter II-1 - Construction - Subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical

installations
The subdivision of passenger ships into watertight compartments must be such that
after assumed damage to the ship's hull the vessel will remain afloat and stable.
Requirements for watertight integrity and bilge pumping arrangements for passenger
ships are also laid down as well as stability requirements for both passenger and cargo
ships.
The degree of subdivision - measured by the maximum permissible distance between
two adjacent bulkheads - varies with ship's length and the service in which it is
engaged. The highest degree of subdivision applies to passenger ships.
Requirements covering machinery and electrical installations are designed to ensure that
services which are essential for the safety of the ship, passengers and crew are
maintained under various emergency conditions.
"Goal-based standards" for oil tankers and bulk carriers were adopted in 2010, requiring
new ships to be designed and constructed for a specified design life and to be safe and
environmentally friendly, in intact and specified damage conditions, throughout their life.
Under the regulation, ships should have adequate strength, integrity and stability to
minimize the risk of loss of the ship or pollution to the marine environment due to
structural failure, including collapse, resulting in flooding or loss of watertight integrity.
Chapter II-2 - Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction
Includes detailed fire safety provisions for all ships and specific measures for passenger
ships, cargo ships and tankers.
They include the following principles: division of the ship into main and vertical zones by
thermal and structural boundaries; separation of accommodation spaces from the
remainder of the ship by thermal and structural boundaries; restricted use of
combustible materials; detection of any fire in the zone of origin; containment and
extinction of any fire in the space of origin; protection of the means of escape or of
access for fire-fighting purposes; ready availability of fire-extinguishing appliances;
minimization of the possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour.
Chapter III - Life-saving appliances and arrangements
The Chapter includes requirements for life-saving appliances and arrangements,
including requirements for life boats, rescue boats and life jackets according to type of
ship. The International Life-Saving Appliance (LSA) Code gives specific technical
requirements for LSAs and is mandatory under Regulation 34, which states that all lifesaving appliances and arrangements shall comply with the applicable requirements of
the LSA Code.
Chapter IV - Radiocommunications
The Chapter incorporates the Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS). All
passenger ships and all cargo ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards on international
voyages are required to carry equipment designed to improve the chances of rescue
following an accident, including satellite emergency position indicating radio beacons

(EPIRBs) and search and rescue transponders (SARTs) for the location of the ship or
survival craft.
Regulations in Chapter IV cover undertakings by contracting governments to provide
radiocommunciation services as well as ship requirements for carriage of
radiocommunications equipment. The Chapter is closely linked to the Radio Regulations
of the International Telecommunication Union.
Chapter V - Safety of navigation
Chapter V identifies certain navigation safety services which should be provided by
Contracting Governments and sets forth provisions of an operational nature applicable in
general to all ships on all voyages. This is in contrast to the Convention as a whole,
which only applies to certain classes of ship engaged on international voyages.
The subjects covered include the maintenance of meteorological services for ships; the
ice patrol service; routeing of ships; and the maintenance of search and rescue services.
This Chapter also includes a general obligation for masters to proceed to the assistance
of those in distress and for Contracting Governments to ensure that all ships shall be
sufficiently and efficiently manned from a safety point of view.
The chapter makes mandatory the carriage of voyage data recorders (VDRs) and
automatic ship identification systems (AIS).
Chapter VI - Carriage of Cargoes
The Chapter covers all types of cargo (except liquids and gases in bulk) "which, owing to
their particular hazards to ships or persons on board, may require special precautions".
The regulations include requirements for stowage and securing of cargo or cargo units
(such as containers). The Chapter requires cargo ships carrying grain to comply with the
International Grain Code.
Chapter VII - Carriage of dangerous goods
The regulations are contained in three parts:
Part A - Carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form - includes provisions for the
classification, packing, marking, labelling and placarding, documentation and stowage of
dangerous goods. Contracting Governments are required to issue instructions at the
national level and the Chapter makes mandatory the International Maritime Dangerous
Goods (IMDG) Code, developed by IMO, which is constantly updated to accommodate
new dangerous goods and to supplement or revise existing provisions.
Part A-1 - Carriage of dangerous goods in solid form in bulk - covers the documentation,
stowage and segregation requirements for these goods and requires reporting of
incidents involving such goods.
Part B covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous liquid chemicals
in bulk and requires chemical tankers to comply with the International Bulk Chemical
Code (IBC Code).
Part C covers Construction and equipment of ships carrying liquefied gases in bulk and
gas carriers to comply with the requirements of the International Gas Carrier Code (IGC
Code).
Part D includes special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fuel,
plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships and requires ships carrying
such products to comply with the International Code for the Safe Carriage of Packaged
Irradiated Nuclear Fuel, Plutonium and High-Level Radioactive Wastes on Board Ships
(INF Code).
The chapter requires carriage of dangerous goods to be in compliance with the relevant
provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code (IMDG Code).
Chapter VIII - Nuclear ships
Gives basic requirements for nuclear-powered ships and is particularly concerned with
radiation hazards. It refers to detailed and comprehensive Code of Safety for Nuclear
Merchant Ships which was adopted by the IMO Assembly in 1981.
Chapter IX - Management for the Safe Operation of Ships
The Chapter makes mandatory the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which
requires a safety management system to be established by the shipowner or any person
who has assumed responsibility for the ship (the "Company").
Chapter X - Safety measures for high-speed craft
The Chapter makes mandatory the International Code of Safety for High-Speed Craft
(HSC Code).
Chapter XI-1 - Special measures to enhance maritime safety
The Chapter clarifies requirements relating to authorization of recognized organizations
(responsible for carrying out surveys and inspections on Administrations' behalves);
enhanced surveys; ship identification number scheme; and port State control on
operational requirements.
Chapter XI-2 - Special measures to enhance maritime security
Regulation XI-2/3 of the chapter enshrines the International Ship and Port Facilities
Security Code (ISPS Code). Part A of the Code is mandatory and part B contains
guidance as to how best to comply with the mandatory requirements. Regulation XI-2/8
confirms the role of the Master in exercising his professional judgement over decisions
necessary to maintain the security of the ship. It says he shall not be constrained by the
Company, the charterer or any other person in this respect.
Regulation XI-2/5 requires all ships to be provided with a ship security alert system.
,Regulation XI-2/6 covers requirements for port facilities, providing among other things
for Contracting Governments to ensure that port facility security assessments are carried
out and that port facility security plans are developed, implemented and reviewed in
accordance with the ISPS Code.Other regulations in this chapter cover the provision of
information to IMO, the control of ships in port, (including measures such as the delay,
detention, restriction of operations including movement within the port, or expulsion of a
ship from port), and the specific responsibility of Companies.
Chapter XII - Additional safety measures for bulk carriers

The Chapter includes structural requirements for bulk carriers over 150 metres in length.
Amendments
The 1974 Convention has been amended many times to keep it up to date.
Amendments adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee (MSC) are listed in MSC
Resolutions.
A ground effect vehicle (GEV) is one that attains level flight near the surface of the
Earth, making use of the aerodynamic interaction between the wings and the surface
known as ground effect. Also known as a wing-in-groundeffect (WIG) vehicle,flarecraft, sea skimmer, ekranoplan, SkimMachine,
or wing-in-surface-effect ship (WISE), a GEV is sometimes characterized as a
transition between ahovercraft and an aircraft, although this is not technically correct,
since whereas a hovercraft is supported upon a cushion of pressurised air, the principal
effect of the proximity of the ground to a lifting wing is not to increase its lift but to
reduce its lift-dependent drag. Some GEV designs, such as the Russian Lun and Dingo,
have used "power assisted ram" -- forced blowing under the wing by auxiliary engines -to achieve a hovercraft-like effect or to assist the takeoff. The International Maritime
Organization (IMO) has classified the GEV as a ship.[1] A GEV differs from a
conventional aircraft in that it cannot operate efficiently without ground effect, and so its
operating height is limited relative to its wingspan. Some GEVs are, in fact, able to climb
out of ground effect
these are the pic of WIG craft...
.(img:1926346673162) (img:1926347233176)
in main operational mode...(img:1926347633186)
A sea plane is a fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and water landing (alighting)
on water. Seaplanes which can also take-off and land on airfields are a small subclass
called amphibian aircraft. Seaplanes and amphibians are usually divided into two
categories based on their technological characteristics: floatplanes and flying boats,
which are generally far larger and can carry far more. These aircraft were sometimes
called hydroplanes.
few pic of sea plane
seaplane in the air...(img:1926348513208)
seaplane while taking off (img:1926350433256)
seaplane in water(img:1926351033271)

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Mariners Handbook: Np 100.

Section 1: Safety Responsiblities/Shipboard Management.

Chpt 22: Mantainence.

Published By: International Chamber Of Shipping. Edn Referred To: 1990

Part A: Guidance For Masters And Watch Keeping Officers

Responsibility For Passage Planning

Navigation With Pilot Embarked.

1. Operation And Mantaince Of Navigational Equipment

Familiarisation With Bridge Equipment.

Anchoring And Anchor Watch.

Part C: Emergency Checklists (Red Pages)

Main Engine Failure.

Consists Of 11 Volumes, A To L Except I . Since I Cannot Be Mistaken For 1.

1. Geographical Range Diagram / Luminous Range Diagram.

On The Horizontal Axis - Nominal Range.

Admirality List Of Radio Signals:

Includes All Frequencies And Classes Of Emmisions.

Includes Radio Direction Finding.

This Volume Is Also Available On Floppy.

The Hydrographer Of The Navy Publishes It.

Power Driven Vessels, Chapter 1 To 8.

World Climatic Charts. (Jan. - July.)

O.p.w Is Kept Upto-date By A Periodical Suppliment.

Chart Catalogue: Np - 131

1. Description Of The Port Is Given In A Very Systematic Way.

Admirality Sailing Directions:

72 Volumes The Suppliments Of Whose, Are Published Every 18 To 24 Months.

Hydrolants: Warnings For Pacific And Indian Oceans.

Section 4: Corrections To Sailing Directions.

Admiralty tide tables, 2002 addenda and corrigenda.

23. High speed craft.

Published Every 6 Months (January To July).

Drop Test ( Cast Anchors )

Ballast water management plan;

This Information Is Sourced From The Net.

Marine Environment Protection Committee 40PthP Session 18-25 September 1997

Committee Tackles Ballast Water Problem

This Instrument Is Not To Replace The Helmsman.

The Auto Pilot Gives Rudder According To The Gyro Heading.

Bridge Equipment -Echo Sounder.

Speed Of Sound In Water Is 1500 Mts/Sec.

Range Switch: To Vary The Range From Lower To Higher.

V/L Going Astern.

Air Bubbles Reflect The Sound Waves Resulting In False Echoes.

The Dilution Of Precision:

The Dilution Of Precision.

There Are 2 Types Of Logs;

1. Continuous Wave (Cw) &

To Prevent Overstressing Of The Structure.

In Case Detailed Info Not Available B.C.C. Provides

Suitability of ships and terminals

SECURING DEVICES AND ARRANGEMENTS

STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CONTAINERS AND OTHER STANDARDIZED

Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972,

PRINCIPLES OF SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF CARGOES

STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING SYSTEMS

SEMI-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING

NON-STANDARDIZED STOWAGE AND SECURING

ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN IN HEAVY WEATHER

ACTIONS WHICH MAY BE TAKEN ONCE CARGO HAS SHIFTED

SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF PORTABLE TANKS

SAFE STOWAGE AND SECURING OF PORTABLE RECEPTACLES