14 - FDWK C4 Ism 07

Section 7.
1 365
2
d x2
(e + 5) = 2 xe x
dx
Chapter 7
5. No;
Differential Equations and

Mathematical Modeling
6. Yes;
d
1
1
2x =
(2) =
dx
2 2x
2x
7. Yes;
d
sec x = sec x tan x
dx
Section 7.1 Slope Fields and Eulers Method

(pp. 325335)
Exploration 1 Seeing the Slopes
8. No;
dy
= 0 represents a line with a slope of
dx
0, we should expect to see horizontal slope
d 1
x = x 2
dx
1. Since
lines. We see this at odd multiples of
2. The formula
9.
2 = 3(1) 2 + 4 (1) + C
C = 5
dy
= cos x depends only on x,
dx
not on y.
3. Yes; the curves are vertical translations of
each other, so they all have the same slope at
any given value of x.
dy
= cos 0 = 1, so the slope at 0
dx
should be 1. That appears to be the slope of
each curve as it crosses the y-axis.
4. At x = 0,
dy
5. At x = ,
= cos = 1, so the slope
dx
should be 1. That appears to be the slope of
each curve at x = .
6. Yes; the curves themselves are graphs of odd
functions, but we see that the slopes at the
points (x, y) and ( x, y) are the same.
10. y = 2 sin x 3 cos x + C

4 = 2 sin(0) 3 cos(0) + C
C=7
11. y = e2 x + sec x + C
5 = e2(0) + sec(0) + C
C =3
12. y = tan 1 x + ln(2x 1) + C
= tan 1 (1) + ln(2(1) 1) + C

3
C=
2. Yes;
3. No;
4. Yes;
Section 7.1 Exercises

1.
dy = (5 x
sec 2 x) dx
y = x5 tan x + C
2.
dy = (sec x tan x e
) dx
y = sec x e + C
Quick Review 7.1

1. Yes;
y = 3x2 + 4 x + C
d x
e = ex
dx
3.
dy = (sin x e
+ 8 x3 ) dx
y = cos x + e x + 2 x 4 + C
d 4x
e = 4e 4 x
dx
dy = x x2 dx = ln x + x + C
5.
dy = 5
d
( x 2 e x ) = 2 xe x + x 2 e x
dx
2
d x2
e = 2 xe x
dx
4.
ln 5 +
x
1
dx = 5 + tan x + C
x +1
1
Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
366
6.
Section 7.1
1
1
dx
dy
=

2
x
1 x
= sin 1 x 2 x + C
7.
dy = (3t cos(t
8.
dy = cos t e
9.
dy = (sec
10.
sin t
17.
18.
dt = e
+C
cos u du
19.
20.
y = 2e x sin x + 1
6
21.
3 x 2 + 5) dx = x7 x3 + 5 x + C
u = x 7 x3 + 5 x 4
dA = (10 x
10
=x
+ 5 x 4 2 x + 4) dx
5
+ x x + 4x + C
6 = 110 + 15 12 + 4 (1) + C , C = 1
A = x10 + x5 x 2 + 4 x + 1
3
15. dy =
+ 12 dx
2
4
x
x
1
3
= x + x + 12 x + C
3 = 11 + 13 + 12(1) + C , C = 11
y = x 1 + x 3 + 12 x 11 ( x > 0)
16.
x dx
2
= 5 tan x x3 / 2 + C
dy = 5 sec
tan t + et + 6t ) dt
7 = 5 tan(0) (0)3/ 2 + C , C = 7
ds = t (3t 2) dt = t
t2 + C
s = t3 t 2
dy d x
d x
sin(t 2 ) dt
=
f (t ) dt =
dx dx a
dx 1
x
y = sin (t 2 ) dt + 5
1
1 = 17 13 + 5 + C , C = 4
14.
dv = (4 sec t
(t > 0)
0 = (1)3 (1)2 + C , C = 0
cos x dx = 2e x sin x + C
3 = 2e sin(0) + C , C = 1
du = (7 x
+ 6t + C
v = 4 sec t + et + 3t 2

< t <
2
2
13.
5 = 4 sec(0) + e0 + 3(0)2 + C, C = 0
2 = 3 cos(0) + C , C = 5
y = 3 cos x + 5
x
= 4 sec t + et + 3t 2 + C
dy = 3 sin x dx = 3 cos x + C
dy = 2e
x = ln t + t 1 + 6t 7
= sin 4 u + C
12.
dx = t t 2 + 6 dt = ln t + t
0 = ln(1) + 11 + 6(1) + C, C = 7
= (sin u )4 + C
11.
ln 2 dt = tan 1 t + 2t + C
y = tan 1 t + 2t + 2
)) dt = sin(t 3 ) + C
sin t
3 = tan 1 (0) + 20 + C, C = 2
( x5 )(5 x 4 )) dx = tan( x5 ) + C
dy = 4 (sin u)
dy = 1 + t 2 + 2
22.
du d x
d x
= f (t ) dt = 2 + cos t dt
a
dx dx
dx 0
u=
2 + cos t dt 3
23. F ( x) =
d x
d x cos t
f (t ) dt =
e dt
a
dx
dx 2
x
F ( x) = ecos t dt + 9
2
24. G ( s) =
d s
d s
f (t ) dt = 3 tan t dt
ds a
ds 0
G( s) =
s3
tan t dt + 4
25. Graph (b).
( sin 0)2 = 0
( sin 1)2 > 0
(sin( 1))2 > 0
y = 5 tan x x3/ 2 + 7
Section 7.1 367
26. Graph (c).
33.
(sin 0)3 = 0
(sin1) > 0
(sin (1))3 < 0

1
27. Graph (a).
(cos 0)2 > 0

(cos1) 2 > 0
34.
(cos ( 1))2 > 0
28. Graph (d).
(cos 0)3 > 0

(cos1)3 > 0
(cos ( 2))3 < 0
29.
dy
= 0. The only graph
dx
satisfying this condition is graph (c).
35. When x = 0,
2
1
1
30.
2
1
dy
dy
> 0 and when y < 0,
< 0.
dx
dx
The only graph satisfying these conditions is
graph (e).
36. When y > 0,
31.
2
1
dy
dy
> 0 and when x < y,
< 0.
dx
dx
graph (a).
37. When x > y,
32.
2
1
1
368
Section 7.1
dy
dy
> 0 and when y < x,
< 0.
dx
dx
graph (d).
38. When y > x,
dy
= 0. The only graph
dx
satisfying this condition is graph (c).
43. When y = x,
dy
< 0 while in
dx
dy
dy
quadrants II and IV,
> 0. When x = 0,
dx
dx
is undefined. The only graph satisfying these
conditions is graph (b).
39. In quadrants I and III,
dy
< 0 while in
dx
dy
dy
quadrants II and IV,
> 0. When y = 0,
dx
dx
is undefined. The only graph satisfying these
conditions is graph (f).
40. In quadrants I and III,
dy
= 0. The only graph
dx
satisfying this condition is graph (e).
44. When y = x,
dy
dy
= 0. When x = 1,
= 1. The
dx
dx
only graph satisfying these conditions is graph
(b).
45. When x = 0,
dy
= 0. The only graph
dx
satisfying this condition is graph (a).
46. When x = 0 or y = 0,
dy
= 1. The only graph
dx
satisfying this condition is graph (d).
41. When x = 0 or x = 1,
47. (a)
dy
= 5. The only graph
dx
satisfying this condition is graph (f).
42. When y = 0,
(b) The solution to the initial value problem

includes only the continuous portion of
the function y = tan x + 1 that passes
through the point (, 1).
Section 7.1 369
48. (a)
(b) The solution to the initial value problem includes only the continuous portion of the function y =
passes through the point (1, 1).

49. At (2, 1),
50. At (2, 1),
51.
dy
dy
= 2(1) + (2) = 0 so the correct graph is (c). At (2, 1),
= 2(1) + 2 = 4.
dx
dx
dy
dy
= (1)2 2 = 1 so the correct graph is (b). At (2, 1),
= (1)2 (2) = 3.
dx
dx
dy
dx
dy
x
dx
= x 1
(1, 2)
0.0
0.1
(1.1, 2)
(1.1, 2)
0.1
0.1
0.01
(1.2, 2.01)
(1.2, 2.01)
0.2
0.1
0.02
(1.3, 2.03)
= y 1
(1, 3)
2.0
0.1
0.2
(1.1, 3.2)
(1.1, 3.2)
2.2
0.1
0.22
(1.2, 3.42)
(1.2, 3.42)
2.42
0.1
0.242
(1.3, 3.662)
= yx
(1, 2)
1.0
0.1
0.1
(1.1, 2.1)
(1.1, 2.1)
1.0
0.1
0.1
(1.2, 2.2)
(1.2, 2.2)
1.0
0.1
0.1
(1.3, 2.3)
(x, y)
y =
(x + x, y + y)
y = 2.03
52.
(x, y)
dy
dx
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
y = 3.662
53.
(x, y)
dy
dx
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
y = 2.3
1
that
x
370
54.
Section 7.1
(x, y)
dy
dx
= 2x y
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
(1, 0)
2.0
0.1
0.2
(1.1, 0.2)
(1.1, 0.2)
2.0
0.1
0.2
(1.2, 0.4)
(1.2, 0.4)
2.0
0.1
0.2
(1.3, 0.6)
y = 0.6
55.
(x, y)
dy
dx
= 2x
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
(2, 1)
0.0
0.1
0.0
(1.9, 1)
(1.9, 1)
0.1
0.1
0.01
(1.8, 0.99)
(1.8, 0.99)
0.2
0.1
0.02
(1.7, 0.97)
y = 0.97
56.
(x, y)
dy
dx
= 1+ y
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
(2, 0)
1.0
0.1
0.1
(1.9, 0.1)
(1.9, 0.1)
0.9
0.1
0.09
(1.8, 0.19)
(1.8, 0.19)
0.81
0.1
0.081
(1.7, 0.271)
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
y = 0.271
57.
(x, y)
dy
dx
= x y
y =
(2, 2)
0.0
0.1
(1.9, 2.0)
(1.9, 2)
0.1
0.1
0.01
(1.8, 2.01)
(1.8, 2.01)
0.21
0.1
0.021
(1.7, 2.031)
y = 2.031
58.
(x, y)
dy
dx
= x 2y
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
(2, 1)
0.0
0.1
0.0
(1.9, 1.0)
(1.9, 1)
0.1
0.1
0.01
(1.8, 1.01)
(1.8, 1.01)
0.22
0.1
0.022
(1.7, 1.032)
y = 1.032
59. (a) Graph (b)
(b) The slope is always positive, so (a) and (c) can be ruled out.
60. (a) Graph (b)
Section 7.1 371
(b) The solution should have positive slope when x is negative, zero slope when x is zero and negative slope
dy
= x.
when x is positive since slope =
dx
Graphs (a) and (c) dont show this slope pattern.
61. There are positive slopes in the second quadrant of the slope field. The graph of y = x 2 has negative slopes in
the second quadrant.
62. The slope of y = sin x would be +1 at the origin, while the slope field shows a slope of zero at every point on
the y-axis.
63.
dy
dx
y =
dy
x
dx
= 2x +1
(1, 3)
3.0
0.1
0.3
(1.1, 3.3)
(1.1, 3.3)
3.2
0.1
0.32
(1.2, 3.62)
(1.2, 3.62)
3.4
0.1
0.34
(1.3, 3.96)
(1.3, 3.96)
3.6
0.1
0.36
(1.4, 4.32)
(x, y)
(x + x, y + y)
y = 4.32
Eulers Method gives an estimate f(1.4) 4.32.
The solution to the initial value problem is f(x) = x 2 + x + 1, from which we get f(1.4) = 4.36. The
4.36 4.32
percentage error is thus
= 0.9%.
4.36
64.
(x, y)
dy
dx
= 2x 1
y =
dy
x
dx
(x + x, y + y)
(2, 3)
3.0
0.1
0.3
(1.9, 2.7)
(1.9, 2.7)
2.8
0.1
0.28
(1.8, 2.42)
(1.8, 2.42)
2.6
0.1
0.26
(1.7, 2.16)
(1.7, 2.16)
2.4
0.1
0.24
(1.6, 1.92)
y = 1.92
Eulers Method gives an estimate f(1.6) 1.92. The solution to the initial value problem is f(x) = x 2 x + 1,
1.96 1.92
from which we get f(1.6) = 1.96. The percentage error is thus
= 2%.
1.96
65. At every (x, y), (e( x y )/ 2 )(e( y x)/ 2 ) = e0 = 1, so the slopes are negative reciprocals. The slope lines are
therefore perpendicular.
66. Since the slopes must be negative reciprocals, g ( x) =
1
= cos x.
sec x
67. The perpendicular slope field would be produced by
dy
= sin x, so y = cos x + C for any constant C.
dx
68. The perpendicular slope field would be produced by
dy
= x, so y = 0.5 x 2 + C for any constant C.
dx
372
Section 7.1
69. True; they are all lines of the form y = 5x + C.
dy d 1 x 2
= +
+ C1
dx dx x 2
1
=
+x
x2
1
= x .
x2
dy d 1 x 2
For x > 0,
= +
+ C2
dx dx x 2
1
=
+x
x2
1
= x .
x2
dy
And for x = 0,
is undefined.
dx
(c) For x < 0,
70. False; for example, f ( x) = x 2 is a solution of

dy
= 2x, but f 1 ( x) = x is not a solution of
dx
dy
= 2 y.
dx
71. C; for all points with y = 42, m = 42 42 = 0
dy
72. E; y < 0, x 2 > 0, therefore
< 0.
dx
2
73. B; y(0) = e0 = 1
2
dy
= 2 xe x = 2 xy.
dx
(d) Let C1 be the value from part (b), and let

C2 be the value from part (a). Thus,
74. A
75. (a)
dy
1
=x
dx
x2
dy
2
dx dx = ( x x ) dx
x2
x2 1
y = + x 1 + C = + + C
2
2 x
Initial condition: y(1) = 2
C1 =
(e) y(2) = 1
1 22
+
+ C2
2 2
5
1 = + C2
2
7
= C2
2
1 =
12 1
+ +C
2 1
3
2 = +C
2
1
=C
2
2=
Solution: y =
y(2) = 2
(2)2
1
+
+ C1
(2)
2
3
2 = + C1
2
1
= C1
2
1
7
Thus, C1 =
and C2 = .
2
2
2=
x2 1 1
+ + ,x>0
2 x 2
x2 1
+ + C.
2 x
Initial condition: y(1) = 1
(b) Again, y =
(1)2
1
+
+C
(1)
2
1
+C
1=
2
3
=C
2
1=
Solution: y =
3
1
and C2 = .
2
2
x2 1 3
+ + ,x<0
2 x 2
76. (a)
(b)
d
1
(ln x + C ) = for x > 0
dx
x
d
1 d
[ln ( x) + C ] =
( x)
dx
x dx
1
= (1)
x
1
=
x
for x < 0
Section 7.1 373
(c) For x > 0, ln x + C = ln x + C, which is a
solution to the differential equation, as we

showed in part (a). For x < 0,
ln x + C = ln ( x ) + C, which is a
solution to the differential equation, as we
d
1
showed in part (b). Thus,
ln x =
dx
x
for all x except 0.
(d) For x < 0, we have y = ln(x) + C1, which
is a solution to the differential equation, as
we showed in part (a). For x > 0, we have
y = ln x + C2 , which is a solution to the
differential equation, as we showed part
dy 1
(b). Thus,
= for all x except 0.
dx x
77. (a) y = (12 x + 4) dx
y = 6 x 2 + 4 x + C1
y = (6 x 2 + 4 x + C1 ) dx
3
y = 2 x + 2 x + C1 x + C2
(b) y = (e x + sin x) dx
y = e x cos x + C1
y = (e x cos x + C1 )dx
y = e x sin x + C1 x + C2
3
(c) y = ( x + x ) dx
3
x4
1
+ C1
4 2 x2
x4
+ C1 dx
y =
4 2 x2
5
x
1
y=
+
+ C1 x + C2
20 2 x
y =
78. (a) y = (24 x 2 10)dx
y = 8 x3 10 x + C
3 = 8(1)3 10(1) + C
C =5
y = (8 x 10 x + 5)dx
3
y = 2 x4 5 x2 + 5x + C
(b) y = (cos x sin x )dx
y = sin x + cos x + C
2 = sin 0 + cos 0 + C
C =1
y = (sin x + cos x + 1) dx
y = cos x + sin x + x + C
0 = cos 0 + sin 0 + 0 + C
C =1
y = cos x + sin x + x + 1
(c) y = (e x x ) dx
x2
+C
2
02
0 = e0
+C
2
C = 1
2
y = e x x 1 dx
y = e x
x3
x+C
6
03
1 = e0 0 + C
6
C=0
y = ex
y = ex
x3
x
6
79. (a) y = x
y = x dx =
x2
+C
2
(b) y = x
y = ( x) dx =
x2
+C
2
(c) y = y
d
(Ce x ) = Ce x
dx
y = Ce x
(d) y = y
d
(Ce x ) = Ce x
dx
y = Ce x
5 = 2(1)4 5(1)2 + 5(1) + C

C =3
y = 2 x4 5 x2 + 5x + 3
374
Section 7.2
(e) y = xy
d x
Ce
dx
y = Ce x
/2
/2
= Cxe
x /2
2.
u4
( x 2 )4
x8
+C =
+C =
+C
4
4
4
3.
f (u) = u 3 = ( x 2 )3 = x6
80. (a) y = x
x2
+ C1
2
x2
x3
+ C1 dx =
+ C1 x + C2
y =
2
y = x dx =
f (u) dx = x6 dx =
4. No
Quick Review 7.2
(b) y = x
x2
+ C1
2
x2
x3
+ C1 dx = + C1 x + C2
y =
2
y = ( x ) dx =
2 4
x dx
0
1.
2.
1 5
1
1
32
x = (2)5 (0)5 =
5 0 5
5
5
5
2
= ( x 1)3/ 2
3
1
2 3 / 2 2 3/ 2
= (4) (0)
3
3
2
16
= (8) =
3
3
y = ( sin x )dx = cos x + C1
y = (cos x + C1 ) dx = sin x + C1 x + C2
(d) y = y
d
(C1e x + C2 e x ) = C1e x C2 e x = y
dx
d
(C1e x C2 e x ) = C1e x + C2 e x = y
dx
y = C1e x + C2 e x
x 1 dx = ( x 1)1/ 2 dx
(c) y = sin x
3.
dy
= 3x
dx
4.
dy
= 3x
dx
5.
dy
= 4( x3 2 x 2 + 3)3 (3 x 2 4 x)
dx
(e) y = y
dy
= 2 sin (4x 5) cos (4x 5) 4
dx
= 8 sin (4x 5) cos (4x 5)
d
(C1 sin x + C2 cos x)
dx
= C1 cos x C2 sin x
= y
6.
d
( C1 cos x C2 sin x )
dx
= C1 sin x C2 cos x
7.
dy
1
=
sin x = tan x
dx cos x
y = C1 sin x + C2 cos x
8.
dy
1
=
cos x = cot x
dx sin x
9.
dy
1
=
(sec x tan x + sec 2 x)
dx sec x + tan x
Section 7.2 Antidifferentiation by Substitution

(pp. 336344)
Exploration 1 Are
f (u) du
and
Same Thing?
1.
x7
+C
7
f (u) du = u
du =
u4
+C
4
f (u) dx
the
sec x tan x + sec 2 x

sec x + tan x
sec x(tan x + sec x)
=
sec x + tan x
= sec x
=
Section 7.2 375
10.
dy
1
=
( csc x cot x csc 2 x)
dx csc x + cot x
=
13.
f (u) du =
csc x cot x + csc x

csc x + cot x
csc x(cot x + csc x)

csc x + cot x
= csc x
2
= u 3/ 2 + C
3
2
= x3 + C
3
f (u) dx = u dx
= x 2 dx
= x dx

1.
(cos x 3x
2.
3.
2 1
t 3 1
t
dt
t2 3 + t + C
) dx = sin x x + C
14.
dt
5.
(3 x
t +C
( 2e
2 x 3 + sec 2 x) dx
du =
f (u) du = e
du = eu + C = e7 x + C
f (u) du = e
dx = e7 x dx =
16.
2 3/ 2
x +C
3
7. ( cot u + C ) = ( csc 2 u ) = csc 2 u

8. ( csc u + C ) = ( csc u cot u) = csc u cot u
1
1
9. e2 x + C = e2 x (2) = e2 x
2
2
f (u) du = sin u du
f (u) dx = sin u dx
= sin 4 x dx
1
= cos 4 x + C
4
17. u = 3 x
du = 3 dx
1
du = dx
3
sin 3x dx = 3 sin u du
1
= cos u + C
3
1
= cos 3x + C
3
1 x
1
10.
5 +C =
5 x (ln 5) = 5 x
ln
5
ln
5
11. (tan 1 u + C ) =
12. (sin 1u + C ) =
1
1 + u2
1
1 u2
1 7x
e +C
7
= cos u + C
= cos 4 x + C
+ sec x tan x x dx
= 2e x + sec x
3
= x5 + x 2 + tan x + C
5
6.
1 3
1
u + C = x15 + C
3
3
1
f (u) dx = u 2 dx = x10 dx = x11 + C
11
f (u) du = u
15.
t 2 + 1 = tan
1 2
x +C
2
dx = x 1 + C
4.
u du
Check:
d 1
1
cos 3x + C = ( sin 3x)(3) = sin 3 x

dx 3
3
18. u = 2 x 2
du = 4 x dx
x dx =
1
du
4
376
Section 7.2
1
cos u du
4
1
= sin u + C
4
1
= sin(2 x 2 ) + C
4
d 1
1
2
2
Check:
sin(2 x ) + C = cos(2 x )(4 x)
dx 4
4
x cos(2 x
) dx =
dx
3 du
9 u2 + 1
1 du
=
3 u2 +1
1
= tan 1 u + C
3
1
x
= tan 1 + C
3
3
=
= x cos(2 x 2 )
19. u = 2 x
du = 2 dx
1
du = dx
2
3du
x 2 + 9 = 9u 2 + 9
Check:
d 1 1 x
1
+C =
tan
3
dx 3
3
1
1+
sec 2 x tan 2 x dx = 2 sec u tan u du

1
sec u + C
2
1
= sec 2 x + C
2
d 1
1
Check: sec 2 x + C = sec 2 x tan 2 x 2
dx 2
2
= sec 2 x tan 2 x
=
20. u = 7 x 2
du = 7dx
1
du = dx
7
28(7 x 2)
21.
22. u = 1 r 3
du = 3r 2 dr
1
du = r 2 dr
3
9r 2 dr
1 du
= 9
3 u
1 r3
= 3 u 1/ 2 du
= 6 1 r 3 + C
Check:
3
1
28u 3 du
7
= u4 + C
dx =
d
(7 x 2)4 + C = 4(7 x 2)3 (7)
dx
= 28(7 x 2)3
x
3
1
du = dx
3
3 du = dx
u=
1
1
=
3 9 + x2
= 3(2)u1/ 2 + C
= (7 x 2)4 + C
Check:
( 3x )
x = 3u
x 2 = 9u 2
d
1
3
(3r 2 )
6 1 r + C = 6
3
dx
2 1 r
9r 2
=
1 r3
t
2
1
t
du = sin dt
2
2
t
2 du = sin dt
2
23. u = 1 cos
t
t
2
1 cos 2 sin 2 dt = 2 u du
2
= u3 + C
3
3
2
t
= 1 cos + C
3
2
Section 7.2 377
Check:
d 2
t
1 cos + C
2
dx 3
28. Let u = +
2
du = d

sec + 2 tan + 2 d
= sec u tan u du
t
t 1
= 2 1 cos sin
2
2

2
2
t
t
= 1 cos sin
2
2
= sec u + C
= sec + + C
2
24. u = y 4 + 4 y 2 + 1
du = (4 y 3 + 8 y) dy
du = 4( y 3 + 2 y) dy
29.
+ 4 y 2 + 1)2 ( y3 + 2 y)dy
1
= 8 u 2 du
4
2 3
= u +C
3
2
= ( y 4 + 4 y 2 + 1)3 + C
3
d 2 4
Check:
( y + 4 y 2 + 1)3 + C
dx 3
tan(4 x + 2) dx
u = 4x + 2
du = 4 dx
1
du = dx
4
1
tan u du
4
1
= ln cos (4 x + 2) + C or
4
1
ln sec (4 x + 2) + C
4
1
du = ( y 3 + 2 y) dy
4
8( y
30.
3(sin x)
dx = 3
= 2( y 4 + 4 y 2 + 1)2 (4 y 3 + 8 y)
= 8( y 4 + 4 y 2 + 1)2 ( y 3 + 2 y)
25. Let u = 1 x
du = dx
dx
du
(1 x)2 = u 2
= 3 cot x + C
cos(3z + 4)dz = 3 cos u du

1
= sin u + C
3
1
= sin(3 z + 4) + C
3
26. Let u = x + 2
du = dx
2
( x + 2) dx = sec 2 u du
= tan u + C
= tan( x + 2) + C
32. Let u = cot x
du = csc 2 x dx
27. Let u = tan x
du = sec 2 x dx
dx
sin 2 x
= 3 csc 2 x dx
31. Let u = 3z + 4
du = 3 dz
1
du = dz
3
= u 1 + C
1
=
+C
1 x
sec
tan x sec 2 x dx = u1/ 2 du

2 3/ 2
u +C
3
2
= (tan x)3/ 2 + C
3
=
cot x csc 2 x dx = u1/ 2 du

2
= u 3/ 2 + C
3
2
= (cot x)3 / 2 + C
3
378
Section 7.2
33. Let u = ln x
1
du = dx
x
ln 6 x
dx = u 6 du
x
1
= u7 + C
7
1
= (ln 7 x) + C
7
x
34. Let u = tan
2
1
x
du = sec 2 dx
2
2
7 x
2 x
7
tan 2 sec 2 dx = 2 u du
1
= 2 i u8 + C
8
1 8x
= tan + C
4
2
35. Let u = s 8
4
du = s1/ 3 ds
3
3
du = s1/ 3 ds
4
1/ 3
36.
= 6u 1 + C
6
=
+C
2 + sin t
3
cos u du
4
3
= sin u + C
4
3
= sin( s 4 / 3 8) + C
4
dx
40.
1
csc 2u du
3
1
= cot u + C
3
1
= cot(3x) + C
3
x sec 2 x dx
du = sec 2 x dx
1 3
1 3
2
u du = 3 u + C = 3 tan x + C
41.
3x dx =
tan
u = tan x
3x dx
Let u = 3 x
du = 3 dx
1
du = dx
3
dx
x ln x
u = ln x
dx
du =
x
x du = dx
du
u = ln u = ln(ln x) + C
cos( s 4 / 3 8) ds =
sin 2 3x = csc
csc
38. Let u = 2 + sin t

du = cos t dt
6 cos t
2
(2 + sin t )2 dt = 6 u du
39.
4/3
37. Let u = cos(2t + 1)

du = sin(2t + 1)(2)dt
1
du = sin(2t + 1)dt
2
1 2
sin(2t + 1)
cos2 (2t + 1) dt = 2 u du
1
= u 1 + C
2
1
=
+C
2 cos(2t + 1)
1
= sec(2t + 1) + C
2
x dx
x2 + 1
u = x2 + 1
du = 2 x dx
1
du = x dx
2
1 du
1
1
= ln u + C = ln( x 2 + 1) + C
2 x2 + 1 2
2
Section 7.2 379
x
5u = x
5
1
du = dx 25u 2 = x 2
5
5du = dx
40 dx
200 du
x 2 + 25 = 25u 2 + 5
200 du
=
25 u 2 + 1
du = sec x tan x + sec 2 x dx
42. Let u =
sec x dx = u du
= ln u + C
= ln sec x + tan x + C
46.
csc 2 x + csc x cot x

dx
csc x + cot x
Let u = csc x + cot x
= 8 tan 1 u + C
x
= 8 tan 1 + C
5
43.
dx
du = csc x cot x csc 2 x dx

1
csc x dx = u du
= ln u + C
= ln csc x + cot x + C
sin 3x
cot 3x = cos 3x dx
Let u = cos 3x
du = 3 sin 3x dx
1
du = sin 3x dx
3
dx
1 1
cot 3x = 3 u du
1
= ln u + C
3
1
= ln cos 3x + C
3
(An equivalent expression is
1
ln sec 3x + C .)
3
44. Let u = 5x + 8
du = 5 dx
1
du = dx
5
dx
1 1/ 2
5x + 8 = 5 u du
1
= 2u1/ 2 + C
5
2
5x + 8 + C
=
5
sec x + tan x
45. sec x dx = sec x
dx
sec x + tan x
sec 2 x + sec x tan x

=
dx
sec x + tan x
Let u = sec x + tan x
csc x + cot x
csc x dx = csc x csc x + cot x dx
47.
sin
2 x dx = (sin 2 2 x) sin 2 x dx
= (1 cos2 2 x) sin 2 x dx
Let u = cos 2 x
du = 2 sin 2 x dx
1
du = sin 2 x dx
2
1
= (1 u 2 )du
2
1
u3
= u + C
2
3
u u3
= +
+C
2 6
cos 2 x cos3 2 x
=
+
+C
2
6
48.
sec
x dx = (sec 2 x) sec 2 x dx
= (1 + tan 2 x) sec 2 x dx
Let u = tan x
du = sec 2 x dx
= (1 + u 2 )du
u3
+C
3
tan 3 x
= tan x +
+C
3
=u+
380
Section 7.2
cos 2 x = 1 2 sin 2 x
49.
2 sin x = 1 cos 2 x
2
2 sin x dx = (1 cos 2 x) dx
Let u = 2x
du = 2 dx
1
du = dx
2
1
= (1 cos u) du
2
1
= (u sin u ) + C
2
1
= (2 x sin 2 x) + C
2
sin 2 x
= x
+C
2
52.
(cos x sin x) dx
= (cos2 x + sin 2 x)(cos2 x sin 2 x) dx
= (1)(cos 2 x) dx
4
1
sin 2 x + C
2
53. Let u = y + 1
du = dy
3
x dx = 2(1 + cos 2 x) dx
Let u = 2x
du = 2 dx
= (1 + cos u) du
= u + sin u + C
= 2 x + sin 2 x + C
51.
tan x dx
= tan 2 x tan 2 x dx
= tan 2 x (sec 2 x 1) dx
= (tan 2 x sec 2 x tan 2 x) dx
= (tan 2 x sec 2 x sec 2 x + 1) dx
= (tan 2 x sec 2 x sec 2 x) dx + 1 dx
= (tan 2 x 1) sec 2 x dx + dx
u(0) = 0 + 1 = 1
u(3) = 3 + 1 = 4
4
y + 1 dy = u1/ 2 du
1
2
= u 3/ 2
3
1
2 3/ 2 2 3/ 2
= (4) (1)
3
3
2
2
= (8)
8
3
14
=
3
50. cos 2 x = 2 cos2 x 1

1
cos2 x = (1 + cos 2 x)
2
4 cos
54. Let u = 1 r 2
du = 2r dr
1
du = r dr
2
1
u(1) = 1 12 = 0
1 0 1/ 2
1
u du = u 3 / 2
1
2
3
1 3/ 2 1 3 / 2
= 0 + 1
3
3
1
=
3

55. Let u = tan x, u = tan = 1,
4
4
u(0) = tan(0) = 0
du = sec 2 x dx
0
/4 tan x sec
x dx = u du
1
du = sec 2 x dx
= (u 2 1) du + dx
1
= u3 u + x + C
3
1 3
= tan x tan x + x + C
3
r 1 r 2 dr =
Let u = tan x
u(0) = 1 02 = 1
1 2
u
2 1
1
1
= (0) (1)2
2
2
1
=
2
=
Section 7.2 381
56. Let u = 4 + r 2
u (1) = 4 + 12 = 5
du = 2r dr
u(1) = 4 + (1)2 = 5
1
du = r dr
2
1
5r
5 5 2
1 (4 + r 2 )2 dr = 2 5 u du = 0
57. Let u = 1 + 3/ 2
3
du = 1/ 2 d
2
2
du = 1/ 2 d
3
1
10
60.
/6
2 2
1/ 2
61.
du = (5t 4 + 2) dt
1
dx
9 du
58. Let u = 4 + 3 sin x

du = 3 cos x dx
u( ) = 4 + 3 sin( ) = 4
u( ) = 4 + 3 sin = 4
1
du = cos x dx
3
1 4 1/ 2
cos x
4 + 3 sin x dx = 3 4 u du = 0
59. Let u = t + 2t
0 x + 2
u = x+2
du = dx
20 1

3 2
10
=
3
=
1 1/ 2 3
u du
2 1
1 1
= u 2
2 2
1
2
1 1
= 1
4 2
1
= (3)
4
3
=
4
du
20 1
u
3
1
20 1
= 1
3 2
u(0) = 0 + 0 = 0
u(1) = 1 + 2 = 3
3
t 5 + 2t (5t 4 + 2) dt = u1/ 2 du
0
2
= u3/ 2
3
0
2 3/ 2
= (3)
3
2
27
=
3
=2 3
u(0) = cos 0 = 1
1

u = cos =
3 2
6
cos3 2 sin 2 d
u(0) = 1 + 0 = 1
u(0) = 1 + 1 = 2
0 (1 + 3/ 2 )2 d = 3 (10)1 u
Let u = cos 2
du = 2 sin 2 d
1
du = sin 2 d
2
62.
u(0) = 0 + 2 = 2
u ( 7) = 7 + 2 = 9
9
= ln u
2
9
= ln = 1.504
2
dx
2 2 x 3
u = 2x 3
du = 2 dx
1
du = dx
2
1 7 du 1
= ln u
2 1 u
2
63.
u(2) = 4 3 = 1
u (5) = 10 3 = 7
=
1
1
1
1
ln 7 ln 1 = ln 7
2
2
2
dt
1 t 3
u=t3
u(1) = 1 3 = 2
du = dt
u(2) = 2 3 = 1
1 du
1
2 u = ln u 2
= ln 1 ln 2
= ln 1 ln 2
1
= ln
2
382
64.
Section 7.2
3 /4
/ 4
cot x dx =
3 /4
/4
du = cos x dx
65.
2 /2
3
x dx
x2 + 1
u (1) = (1)2 + 1 = 2
u(3) = 32 + 1 = 10
1
du = x dx
2
10
1 10 du 1
= ln u
2 2 u
2
2
1
= (ln 10 ln 2)
2
1
= ln 5
2
2
1/ 2
du
1 4
x +9
2
0
1
1
=
10
9
2
2
1
3
=
10
2
2
dx =
68. Let u = 1 cos 3x, du = 3 sin 3x dx.

u = 1 cos = 1
2
6

u = 1 cos = 2
3
(a)
/3
21
/6 (1 cos 3x)sin 3x dx = 1 3 u du
2
1
= u2
6 1
1
1
= (2)2 (1)2
6
6
1
=
2
e x dx
3 + ex
u = 3 + ex
u (0) = 3 + e0 = 3 + 1 = 4
du = e x dx
u(2) = 3 + e 2
3+ e 2
du
3+ e 2
= ln u
4
u
= ln(3 + e2 ) ln 4
(b)
67. Let u = x 4 + 9, du = 4 x3 dx.

u (0) = 0 + 9 = 9,
u (1) = 1 + 9 = 10
(a)
x3
0 x4 + 9
du = 2 x dx
1
= u1/ 2 + C
2
1 4
=
x +9 +C
2
=0
x3
x 4 + 9 dx = 4 u
u = x2 + 1
66.
(b)
2

u = sin =
2
4
4
2
3
3
u = sin =
2
4
4
u = sin x
2 / 2 du
cos x dx
sin x
x dx
x4 + 9
10 1 1/ 2
u
9 4
10
(1 cos 3x) sin 3x dx = 3 u du

1
= u2 + C
6
1
= (1 cos 3x)2 + C
6
/3
/6 (1 cos 3x)sin 3x dx
du
1
= u1/ 2
2
9
1
1
=
10
9
2
2
1
3
=
10
2
2
/3
1
= (1 cos 3x)2
6
/6
1 2 1 2
= (2) (1)
6
6
1
=
2
Section 7.2 383
69. We show that f ( x) = tan x and f(3) = 5,
where f ( x) = ln
f ( x ) =
=
cos 3
cos x
+ 5.
d cos 3
+ 5
ln
dx cos x
cos 3
cos 3
+ 5 = ln 1 + 5 = 5
70. We show that f ( x) = cot x and f (2) = 6,

where
sin x
f ( x) = ln
+ 6 = ln sin x ln sin 2 + 6
sin 2
d
f ( x) = ( ln sin x ln sin 2 + 6 )
dx
1
=
cos x 0 + 0
sin x
= cot x
sin 2
f (2) = ln
+ 6 = ln 1 + 6 = 6
sin 2
71. False; the interval of integration should change

from 0, to [0, 1], resulting in a different
4
numerical answer.
72. True; use the substitution u = f(x),
du = f ( x) dx:
b
75. B;
( ln cos 3 ln cos x + 5)
dx
d
= ln cos x
dx
1
=
( sin x)
cos x
= tan x
f (3) = ln
74. E;
f (b) du
f ( x)dx
=
f
(a) u
f ( x)
= ln u
f (b)
f (a)
2 2x
e dx
0
5 a
3a
76. A;
e2 x
2
=
0
e4 1
2
5
f ( x a) dx = F ( x a) 3
= F (5 a) F (3 a)
=7
5 a
f ( x) dx = F ( x) 3a
= F (5 a) F (3 a)
=7
d
sin x = cos x
dx

cos = 0
2
cos (0) = 1

cos = 0
2
77. (a) Let u = x + 1
du = dx
x + 1 dx = u1/ 2 du
2 3/ 2
u +C
3
2
= ( x + 1)3/ 2 + C
3
Alternatively,
d 2
3/ 2
( x + 1) + C = x + 1.
dx 3
(b) By Part 1 of the Fundamental Theorem of

dy
Calculus, 1 = x + 1 and
dx
dy2
= x + 1, so both are antiderivatives
dx
of
x + 1.
= ln f (b) ln f (a)
= ln f (b) ln f (a)
f (b)
= ln
f ( a)
73. D
384
Section 7.2
(c) Using NINT to find the values of y1 and y2 , we have:
y1
1.219
2.797
4.667
6.787
y2
4.667
3.448
1.869
2.120
y1 y2
4.667
4.667
4.667
4.667
4.667
C=4
2
3
(d) C = y1 y2
0
x
x + 1 dx +
x + 1 dx
3
3
0
3
78. (a)
x + 1 dx
x + 1 dx
x + 1 dx
d
[ F ( x) + C ] should equal f ( x).
dx
(b) The slope field should help you visualize the solution curve y = F ( x).
x
(c) The graphs of y1 = F ( x) and y2 = f (t ) dt should differ only by a vertical shift C.

0
(d) A table of values for y1 y2 should show that y1 y2 = C for any value of x in the appropriate domain.
(e) The graph of f should be the same as the graph of NDER of F(x).
(f) First, we need to find F(x). Let u = x 2 + 1, du = 2x dx.
x
1 1/ 2
2 dx = 2 u du
x +1
= u1/ 2
= x2 + 1 + C
Therefore, we may let F ( x) = x 2 + 1.
(a)
d
1
( x2 + 1 + C) =
( 2 x)
dx
2 x2 + 1
x
=
x2 + 1
= f ( x)
Section 7.2 385
(b)
(c)
(d)
x
y1
1.000
1.414
2.236
3.162
4.123
y2
0.000
0.414
1.236
2.162
3.123
y1 y2
(e)
79. (a)
2 sin x cos x dx = 2u du
= u2 + C
= sin 2 x + C
(b)
2 sin x cos x dx = 2u du
= u 2 + C
= cos2 x + C
(c) Since sin 2 x ( cos2 x) = 1, the two answers differ by a constant (accounted for in the constant of
integration).
80. (a)
2 sec
x tan x dx = 2u du
= u2 + C
= tan 2 x + C
(b)
2 sec
x tan x dx = 2u du
= u2 + C
= sec 2 x + C
386
Section 7.3
(c) Since sec 2 x tan 2 x = 1, the two answers

differ by a constant (accounted for in the
constant of integration).
81. (a)
dx
1 + x2
cos u du
1 x2
dx
84. (a)
(b)
dx
1+ x
= u +C
= sin 1 x + C
1 + tan 2 u
/ 3 sec 2 u du
=
0
sec u
/3
/3
sec u du
sec u du
(
)
= ln ( 2 + 3 )
= ln 2 + 3 ln (1 + 0)
= 1du
1 x2
sec 2 u du
= ln sec u + tan u / 3
cos2 u = cos u = cos u.)

dx
(Note cos u > 0, so
tan
1 sin 2 u
cos u du
cos2 u
= 1du.
(b)
tan 1 3
Section 7.3 Antidifferentiation by Parts

(pp. 345352)
Exploration 1 Choosing the Right u and dv
82. (a)
sec 2 u du
dx
1 + x2 = 1 + tan 2 u
=
sec 2 u du
sec 2 u
= 1 du
(b)
dx
1 + x 2 = 1du
1. u = 1
dv = x cos x
Using 1 for u is never a good idea because it

places us back where we started.
2. u = x cos x
dv = dx
= tan 1 x + C
83. (a)
1 x
/4
(b)
1/ 2
cos y
2 sin 2 y dy
xdx
1 x
/4
/4
v = x dx = x 2
difficult integral into v du.
1 sin 2 y
/ 4 2 sin 2 y cos y dy
du = sin x
The selection of dv = x dx will place a more
sin y 2 sin y cos y dy
dv = x dx
sin 1 1/ 2
sin
3. u = cos x
xdx
du = cos x x sin x
v = dx = 1
The selection of u = x cos x will place a more

difficult integral into v du.
= u +C
1/ 2
du = 0
v = x cos x dx
4. u = x and dv = cos x dx are good choices

because the integral is simplified.
Quick Review 7.3
2 sin 2 y dy
1.
(1 cos 2 y)dy
= [ y (1 / 2)sin 2 y ]0 / 4
1
= sin [0 0]
2
4 2
( 2)
=
4
2.
dy
= ( x3 )(cos 2 x)(2) + (sin 2 x)(3x 2 )
dx
= 2 x3 cos 2 x + 3x 2 sin 2 x
dy
3
2x
= (e 2 x )
+ ln (3x + 1)(2e )
dx
3x + 1
=
3e2 x
+ 2e2 x ln (3x + 1)
3x + 1
Section 7.3 387
3.
dy
1
2
=
2 =
2
dx 1 + (2 x)
1 + 4x 2
4.
dy
1
=
dx
1 ( x + 3)2
5.
6.
7.
y = tan 1 3 x
tan y = 3x
1
x = tan y
3
=
=
2.
cos +
y=
2x
cos 0
1 2
x cos x + C
2
y(0) = 1 + C = 2, C = 3
1
y = x 2 cos x + 3
2
dx
u=x
v = e x dx = e x
du = dx
xe e dx = xe x e x + C
x
3.
3 t e
2t
dt
dv = e 2t dt
v = e2t dt =
u = 3t
du = 3 dt
e 2t
2
e 2t
e 2t
3
3
3
dt = te2t e 2t + C
3t
2
2
2
4
4.
2 t cos (3t ) dt
dv = cos 3t dt v = cos (3t ) dt =
u = 2t
du = 2 dt
sin 3t
sin 3t
2
dt
2t
3
3
2
2
= t sin 3t cos (3t ) + C
3
9
dy
= x + sin x
dx
dy = ( x + sin x)dx
Integrate both sides.
dy = ( x + sin x)dx
y=
xe
dv = e x dx
dx
1 2x
e +C
2
v = sin x dx = cos x
u=x
du = dx
x cos x cos x dx = x cos x + sin x + C
cos x
(1) +
x sin x dx
dv = sin x dx
dy
= e2 x
dx
dy = e 2 x dx
Integrate both sides.
dy = e
9.
1.
sin x dx =
d 1 x
e (sin x cos x)
dx 2
1 x
1
= e (cos x + sin x) + (sin x cos x) e x
2
2
1 x
1 x
1 x
1
= e cos x + e sin x + e sin x e x cos x
2
2
2
2
= e x sin x
y = cos1 ( x + 1)
cos y = x + 1
x = cos y 1
8.
10.
5.
sin 3t
3
cos x dx
dv = cos x dx
u=x
v = cos x dx = sin x
du = 2 x dx
x sin x 2 x sin x dx
2
dv = sin x dx
u = 2x
du = 2dx
x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x 2 cos xdx

= x 2 sin x + 2 x cos x 2 sin x + C
388
6.
Section 7.3
2 x
9.
e dx
dv = e x dx
v = e x dx = e x
u = x2
du = 2 x dx
2 x
x e
2 x e x dx = x 2 e x + 2 xe x + C
dv = e x
u = 2x
v = e x dx = e x
= x 2 e x 2 xe x 2e x + C
7.
3x
dv = e dx
u = 3x2
u = ln y
du =
x
cos dx
2
x
x
x
dv = cos dx v = cos dx = 2 sin
2
2

2
2
u=x
du = 2 x dx
x
x
2 x 2 sin 4 x sin dx
2
2
x
x
x
dv = sin v = sin dx = 2 cos
2
2

2
u = 4x
du = 4dx
x
x
x
2 x 2 sin + 8 x cos 8 cos dx
2
2

2
x
x
x
= 2 x 2 sin + 8 x cos 16 sin + C
2
2
2
y2
2
1
dy
y
ln t dt
v = t 2 dt =
t3
3
1
du = dt
t
3
1 3
t 1
1
t3
t ln t
dt = t 3 ln t + C
3
3t
3
9
u = ln t
e2 x
v = e dx =
2
du = 6 x
2x
e2 x
e2 x
3
6x
dx = x 2 e2 x 3 x e2 x dx
2
2
2
e2 x
dv = e 2 x
v = e2 x dx =
2
u = 3x
du = 3dx
e2 x
3 2 2x 3 2x
x e xe 3
dx
2
2
2
3 2 2x 3 2x 3 2x
= x e xe + e + C
2
2
4
v = y dy =
dv = t 2 dt
3x 2
8.
10.
e2 x dx
2x
dv = y dy
y2 1
y2
1 2
1
+C
y ln y
dy = y 2 ln y
2
2 y
2
4
du = 2 dx
x 2 e x 2 xe x 2e x dx
y ln y dy
11.
dy = (( x + 2)sin x ) dx
dv = sin x dx
u = x+2
du = dx
( x + 2) cos x ( cos x) dx
= ( x + 2) cos x + sin x + C
2 = (0 + 2) cos(0) + sin(0) + C
2 = 2 + C
C=4
y = ( x + 2) cos x + sin x + 4
[4, 4] by [0, 10]
12.
dy = 2xe
dv = e x dx
u = 2x
2 xe
dx
v = e x dx = e x
du = 2 dx
2e dx = 2 xe x 2e x + C
3 = 2(0) e( 0) 2e( 0) + C
5=C
y = 2 xe x 2e x + 5
[2, 4] by [0, 10]
Section 7.3 389
13.
du = x sec
15.
x dx
w= x
dw = dx
x tan x tan x dx = x tan x + ln | cos x | + C
2
( x 1)3 / 2
3
du = dx
u=x
2
2
x ( x 1)3 / 2 ( x 1)3/ 2 dx
3
3
4
2
= x( x 1)3/ 2 ( x 1)5 / 2 + C
3
15
2
4
3/ 2
2 = (1) (1 1) (1 1)5 / 2 + C
3
15
C=2
2
4
y = x( x 1)3 / 2 ( x 1)5 / 2 + 2
3
15
[1.2, 1.2] by [0, 3]
dz = x
ln x dx
dv = x3 dx
v = x3 dx =
x4
4
1
dx
x
x4
x4 1
x4
x4
dx =
+C
ln x
ln x
4
4 x
4
16
u = ln x
du =
(1)4
(1)4
5=
ln (1)
+C
4
16
81
C=
16
z=
v = ( x 1)1/ 2 dx
=
1 = 0 tan (0) + ln | cos (0) | + C

C =1
u = x tan ( x) + ln | cos( x) | +1
14.
x 1 dx
dv = ( x 1)1/ 2 dx
v = sec 2 x dx = tan x
dv = sec 2 x dx
dy = x
x
x
81
ln x
+
4
16 16
[0, 5] by [0, 100]
[1, 5] by [0, 20]
16.
dy = 2 x
x + 2 dx
dv = ( x + 2)1/ 2 dx
v = ( x + 2)1/ 2 dx
2
( x + 2)3/ 2
3
du = 2dx
=
u = 2x
4
4
x( x + 2)3/ 2 ( x + 2)3 / 2 dx
3
3
4
8
= x( x + 2)3 / 2 ( x + 2)5 / 2 + C
3
15
4
8
0 = (1) (1 + 2)3/ 2 (1 + 2)5 / 2 + C
3
15
28
C=
15
4
8
28
y = x( x + 2)3 / 2 ( x + 2)5 / 2 +
3
15
15
[2, 4] by [3, 25]
390
17.
Section 7.3
sin x dx
v = e x dx = e x
dv = e x dx
u = sin x
du = cos x dx
e sin x e cos x dx
x
dv = e x dx
u = cos x
v = e x dx = e x
du = sin x dx
sin x dx = e x sin x e x cos x e x sin x dx
x
e
x
e sin x dx = 2 (sin x cos x) + C
18.
cos x dx
dv = cos x dx
u = e x
v = cos x dx = sin x
du = e x dx
e x sin x e x sin x dx
dv = sin x dx
u = e x
du = e x dx
cos x dx = e x sin x e x cos x e x cos x dx
x
e
x
e cos x dx = 2 (sin x cos x) + C
19.
cos 2 x dx
1
dv = cos 2x dx v = cos 2x dx = sin 2x
2
u = ex
du = e x dx
1 x
1
e sin 2 x sin 2 x e x dx
2
2
1
1
1
dv = sin 2 x dx
v = sin 2 x dx = cos 2 x
2
2
4
u = ex
du = e x dx
1 x
1
1
e sin 2 x e x cos 2 x cos 2 x e x dx

2
4
4
1 x
1 x
1 x
x
e cos 2 x dx = 2 e sin 2 x + 4 e cos 2 x 4 e cos 2 x dx
5 x
1
e cos 2 x dx = e x (2 sin 2 x + cos 2 x)
4
4
x
e
x
=
cos
2
(2 sin 2 x + cos 2 x) + C
e
x
dx
cos 2 x dx =
Section 7.3 391
20.
sin 2 x dx
1
v = sin 2x dx = cos 2x
2
u = e x
du = e x dx
1
1
e x cos 2 x cos 2 x e x dx
2
2
1
1
1
dv = cos 2 x dx v = cos 2 x dx = sin 2 x
2
2
4
u = e x
du = e x dx
dv = sin 2x dx
1
1
1
sin 2 x dx = e x cos 2 x e x sin 2 x e x sin 2 x dx

2
4
4
1 x
1 x
1 x
x
e sin 2 x dx = 2 e cos 2 x 4 e sin 2 x 4 e sin 2 x dx
5 x
1
e sin 2 x dx = e x (2 cos 2 x + sin 2 x)
4
4
e x
x
e sin 2 x dx = 5 (2 cos 2 x + sin 2 x) + C
21. Use tabular integration with f (x ) = x 4 and g( x ) = e x .
4 x
dx = x 4 e x 4 x3e x 12 x 2 e x 24 xe x 24e x + C
= ( x 4 + 4 x3 + 12 x 2 + 24 x + 24)e x + C
22. Use tabular integration with f ( x) = x 2 5 x and g ( x) = e x
(x
5 x) e x dx = ( x 2 5 x) e x (2 x 5)e x + 2e x
= ( x 2 7 x + 7) e x + C
392
Section 7.3
23. Use tabular integration with f (x ) = x 3 and g( x ) = e2 x .
3 2 x
x e
1
3
3
3
dx = x3e2 x x 2 e2 x xe2 x e2 x + C
2
4
4
8
x 3 3 x 2 3 x 3 2 x
= +
+ + e
+C
2
4
4 8
24. Use tabular integration with f (x ) = x 3 and g( x ) = cos 2 x.
x3
3x 2
3x
3
sin 2 x +
cos 2 x
sin 2 x cos 2 x + C
2
4
4
8
25. Use tabular integration with f (x ) = x 2 and g( x ) = sin 2 x.
1
1
1
sin 2 x dx = x 2 cos 2 x + x sin 2 x + cos 2 x + C
2
2
4
1 2 x2
x
=
cos 2 x + sin 2 x + C
4
2
Section 7.3 393

/2
1 2 x 2
x
x sin 2 x dx =
cos 2 x + sin 2 x
2
4
0
2
1 2 2
1
(1) + 0 (1) 0
=
4
4
2 1
=
8 2
/2 2
( )
26. Use tabular integration with f (x ) = x 3 and g( x ) = cos 2 x.
1 3
3
3
x sin 2 x + x 2 cos 2 x x
2
4
4
x3 3x
3x2 3
3
sin 2 x cos 2 x = sin 2 x +
cos 2 x + C
2
4
8
4
8
cos 2 x dx =
/2
x3 3 x
3x 2 3
x cos 2 x dx = sin 2 x +
cos 2 x
2
4 8
4
0
2
3
3
3
= 0+
(1) 0 (1)
16 8
8
2
3 3
=
4 16
/2 3
27. Let u = e2 x
dv = cos 3x dx
1
du = 2e2 x dx
v = sin 3x
3
1
2x
2x
2x 1
e cos 3x dx = (e ) 3 sin 3x 3 sin 3x (2e dx)
1
2
= e2 x sin 3x e2 x sin 3x dx
3
3
394
Section 7.3
Let u = e2 x
dv = sin 3x dx
1
v = cos 3x
3
1 2x
2 2x 1
1
2x
2x
e cos 3x dx = 3 e sin 3x 3 (e ) 3 cos 3x 3 cos 3x (2e dx)
1
4
= e2 x (3 sin 3x + 2 cos 3x) e2 x cos 3 x dx
9
9
13 2 x
1
e cos 3x dx = e2 x (3 sin 3x + 2 cos 3x)
9
9
1 2x
2x
e cos 3x dx = 13 e (3 sin 3x + 2 cos 3x)
3
3 2x
1 2x
=
+
dx
e
x
x
3
3
2
3
e
x
(
sin
cos
)
cos
3
2
13
2
1 6
= [e (3 sin 9 + 2 cos 9) e4 (3 sin(6) + 2 cos (6)]
13
1
= [e6 (2 cos 9 + 3 sin 9) e4 (2 cos 6 3 sin 6)]
13
du = 2e2 x dx
28. Let u = e2 x
dv = sin 2 x dx
1
v = cos 2x
2
1
2 x
2 x
2x
e sin 2x dx = (e ) 2 cos 2x 2 cos 2x ( 2e dx)
1
= e 2 x cos 2x e2 x cos 2x dx
2
du = 2e2 x dx
Let u = e 2 x
dv = cos 2x dx
1
v = sin 2 x
2
2 x 1
1 2 x
1
2 x
2x
e sin 2x dx = 2 e cos 2x (e ) 2 sin 2x 2 sin 2x (2e dx)
1
= e2 x (cos 2x + sin 2x) e2 x sin 2x dx
2
1 2 x
2 x
2 e sin 2x dx = e (cos 2x + sin 2x) + C
2
2 x
e
2 x
=
e
x
dx
sin
2
(cos 2x + sin 2x) + C
du = 2e 2 x dx
3 e
2 x
e 2 x
sin 2x dx =
(cos 2x + sin 2x)
4
3
e 4
e6
(cos 4 + sin 4) + [cos ( 6) + sin ( 6)]
4
4
e 4
e6
=
(cos 4 + sin 4) + (cos 6 sin 6)
4
4
=
Section 7.3 395
29. y = x 2 e4x dx
dv = e 4x dx
1
du = 2x dx
v = e4 x
4
1
1
y = (x 2 ) e 4x e4x (2x dx )
4
4
1 2 4x 1
4x
= x e xe dx
4
2
Let u = x 2
dv = e4x dx
1
v = e 4x
4
Let u = x
du = dx
1 2 4x 1 1 4x 1 4x
x e (x ) e e dx
4
2 4
4

1 2 4x 1 4x 1 4x
y = x e xe + e + C
4
8
32
x 2 x 1 4x
+ e +C
y=
4 8 32
y=
30. y = x 2 ln x dx
1
1 1
y = (sec1 ) 2 2
d
2 2 2 1
y=
2
2
sec1
1 d
2 2 1
Let w = 2 1, dw = 2 d
1
w1 2 dw
2
4
2
1 12
1
y=
sec w + C
2
2
2
1 2
y=
1 + C
sec1
2
2
y=
sec1
32. y = sec tan d
Let u =
du = d
dv = sec tan d
v = sec
y = sec sec d
y = sec ln sec + tan + C

Note : In the last step, we used the result of
Exercise 45 in Section 7.2.
dv = x 2 dx
Let u = ln x
1
1
du = dx v = x 3
x
3
1 3 1 3 1
y = (ln x ) x x dx
3 3 x
1 3
1
y = x ln x x 2 dx
3
3
1 3
1
y = x ln x x 3 + C
3
9
33. Let u = x
du = dx
dv = sin x dx
v = cos x
x sin x dx = x cos x + cos x dx

= x cos x + sin x + C
(a)
x sin x dx = x sin x dx
0
= [ x cos x + sin x ]0
= (1) + 0 + 0(1) 0
=
31. y = sec1 d
Let u = sec1
1
du =
du
dv = d
1
v = 2
2
(b)
1
Note that we are told > 1, so no absolute
value is needed in the expression for du.
2
x sin x dx =
x sin x dx
2
= [ x cos x sin x ]
= 2 (1) 0 ( 1) + 0
= 3
(c)
x sin x dx
= x sin x dx +
= + 3 = 4
x sin x dx
396
Section 7.3
34. We begin by evaluating
(x
Let u = x 2 + x + 1
2
+ x + 1) e x dx
2
= (x + x + 1)e
+ x + 1) e
Average value =
1 2 t
2e cos t dt
2 0
1 2
= et cos t dt
1 t
e (sin t cos t )
2
0
1 2
0
=
[e
( 1) e ( 1)]
2
1 e 2
=
0.159
2
dx
dv = e x dx
v = e x
du = 2 dx
(x
dv = e x dx
+ (2x + 1) e
Let u = 2x + 1
2
y = 2et cos t for 0 t 2 .
v = e x
du = (2x + 1) dx
(x
+ x + 1) e x dx.
dx
= (x 2 + x + 1)e x (2x + 1)e x + 2e x dx

= (x 2 + x + 1)e x (2x + 1)e x 2e x + C
= (x 2 + 3x + 4)e x + C
36. True; use parts, letting u = x, dv = g(x)dx, and

v = f( x).
37. True; use parts, letting u = x 2 , dv = g(x)dx,
and v = f( x).
38. B;
The graph shows that the two curves intersect

at x = k, where k 1.050. The area we seek is
k
0 (x
+ x + 1)e x x 2 dx
0
u=e
du = e
du = e
v = sin t
dv = sin t dt
dt
t
v = cos t
t
e cos t dt = e sin t e cos t e

2 et cos t dt = e t (sin t cos t ) + C
1 t
t
e cos t dt = 2 e (sin t cos t ) + C
Now we find the average value of
x sin (5 x) dx
dv = sin(5x)dx
dv = cos t dt
dt
= x sin x + 2 x cos x 2 sin x + C

See problem 5.
2 x sin x dx = 2 x cos x + 2 sin x + C
39. B;
cos t dt = et sin t + sin t e t dt
Let u = et
t
cos x dx
h( x) = x 2 sin x + C
35. First, we evaluate et cos t dt.
Let
See problem 1.
k 1
= (x 2 + 3x + 4) e x x 3
0 3
0
( 2.888 + 4) (0.386 0)
0.726
cos t dt
v = sin (5 x) dx
1
cos 5 x
5
du = dx
=
u=x
1
1
x cos(5 x) cos(5 x) dx
5
5
1
1
= x cos(5 x) + sin(5 x) + C
5
25
40. C;
csc 2 x dx
dv = csc 2 x dx
v = csc 2 x dx = cot x
u=x
du = dx
x cot x cot x dx
= x cot x + ln sin x+ C
Section 7.3 397
41. C;
dy = 4 x ln x dx
dv = 4 x dx
v = 4 x dx = 2 x 2
u = ln x
du =
2 x 2 ln x 2 x 2
1
dx = 2 x 2 ln x x 2 + C
x
dv = e x dx
42. (a) Let u = x
v = ex
du = dx
xe
1
dx
x
dx = xe x e x dx
= xe x e x + C
= ( x 1) e x + C
(b) Using the result from part (a):
Let u = x 2
dv = e x dx
du = 2 x dx
v = ex
e dx = x e 2 xe x dx
2 x
2 x
= x 2 e x 2( x 1) e x + C
= ( x 2 2 x + 2) e x + C
(c) Using the result from part (b):
Let u = x 3
dv = e x dx
2
du = 3x dx
v = ex
e dx = x 3 e x 3x 2 e x dx
3 x
= x 3e x 3(x 2 2x + 2) e x + C
= (x 3 3x 2 + 6x 6) e x + C
d
d n
(d) x n x n +
x
dx
dx 2
+ (1)n
x n nx n 1 + n(n 1) x n 2
x n e x + C or
dx n
dn
+ ( 1)n 1 (n)!x + ( 1)n (n!) e x + C
(e) Use mathematical induction or argue based on tabular integration. Alternately, show that the derivative
of the answer to part (d) is x n e x :
d n
x nx n 1 + n(n 1) x n 2
dx
+ ( 1) n 1 (n!) x + ( 1)n n! e x + C
n 1
n
x
+ ( 1) (n!) x + ( 1) n!]e
= [ x n nx n 1 + n(n 1) x n 2
d n
+ ex
+ ( 1)n 1 (n!) x + ( 1) n n!]
x nx n 1 + n(n 1) n n 2
dx
= [ x n nx n 1 + n(n 1) x n 2 + ( 1) n 1 + (n!) x + ( 1)n n!]e x
+ nx n 1 n(n 1) x n 2 + n(n 1)(n 2) x n 3 + ( 1) n 1n!]e x
n x
=x e

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Section 7.

Differential Equations and

Section 7.1 Slope Fields and Eulers Method

lines. We see this at odd multiples of

10. y = 2 sin x 3 cos x + C

= tan 1 (1) + ln(2(1) 1) + C

Section 7.1 Exercises

Quick Review 7.1

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

25. Graph (b).

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Section 7.1 367

26. Graph (c).

(sin (1))3 < 0

27. Graph (a).

(cos 0)2 > 0

(cos ( 1))2 > 0

28. Graph (d).

(cos 0)3 > 0

(cos ( 2))3 < 0

36. When y > 0,

37. When x > y,

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

38. When y > x,

39. In quadrants I and III,

40. In quadrants I and III,

(b) The solution to the initial value problem

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Section 7.1 369

passes through the point (1, 1).

50. At (2, 1),

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Section 7.1 371

67. The perpendicular slope field would be produced by

68. The perpendicular slope field would be produced by

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

69. True; they are all lines of the form y = 5x + C.

(c) For x < 0,

70. False; for example, f ( x) = x 2 is a solution of

(d) Let C1 be the value from part (b), and let

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Section 7.1 373

(c) For x > 0, ln x + C = ln x + C, which is a

solution to the differential equation, as we

78. (a) y = (24 x 2 10)dx

(b) y = (cos x sin x )dx

5 = 2(1)4 5(1)2 + 5(1) + C

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

y = ( sin x )dx = cos x + C1

Section 7.2 Antidifferentiation by Substitution

sec x tan x + sec 2 x

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.

Section 7.2 375

csc x cot x + csc x

csc x(cot x + csc x)

Section 7.2 Exercises

7. ( cot u + C ) = ( csc 2 u ) = csc 2 u

cos 3x + C = ( sin 3x)(3) = sin 3 x

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sec 2 x tan 2 x dx = 2 sec u tan u du

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.