The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP model for network communication. The OSI model defines 7 layers for network communication: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model is a simpler 4 layer model with application, transport, internet, and network access layers. A 5 layer reference model combines elements of both models with physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. Each layer has a specific role like addressing, error checking, and defining protocols.
Original Description:
• OSI Model - Open System Interconnection reference model.
Provides Guidelines on how computers communicate over a network .It doesn't define specific procedure /protocols how the communication happens.
• Protocols: Protocols is a formal set of rules and procedures computer must understand accept and used to be able to communicate over network. E.g TCP, SNMP,IMAP,HTTP
• OSI Model Stacks: Application ,Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Datalink and Physiscal Layers
• TCP/IP Model ( 4 Layers ) Application, Transport, Internet and Network Access layer . It's a simpler 4 Leyer model defines specific protocols for each layer.
• 5 layer reference model is the combination of OSI model and TCP/IP model where we have below 4 layers copied from OSI reference model and above 3 layers of OSI model are combined called Application layer .Hence in 5 layer reference model we have Application ,Transport, Network, Datalink,Physical.
• Specific Job of Each Layer :
Application Layer: Application Layer protocols specifies detail like How data should be encoded,compressed, or encrypted, and how session should be managed. Appl^ layer protocols are :HTTP,SMTP,DNS,FTP
Transport : Transport Layer Specifies which Application layer protocols should be used to process the data on receiving compuers. Each Appl^ layer protocols uses specific numerical identity, called port .which is used to identify the protocols . HTTPS – 80, SMTP-25, DNS -53, TFTP-69,FTP -21,SFTP -22
Transport Layer protocols are of 2 types UDP / TCP where UDP is “best effort” delivery service providing no delivery notification, error checking or recovery procedures to source computer. E.g DNS, Online Gaming, VOIP or streaming Videos . TCP on the other hand a robust protocols proving Delivery notification ,error checking ,and recovering procedures. With TCP the receiving computer tell the sending computers when the data was received. E g.: HTTP, FTP ,SMTP are kind of TCP protocols .TCP accepts data from application protocols and cuts the data into smaller pieces called segments .
Network Layer: It received the data segments from transport layer and add a header to create Packets.Layer 3 header contains source and Destination IP address .Network Layer also identify the upper layer transport layer protocols that is being used .Each transport layer protocols is assigned a unique identifiers UDP -17 and TCP- 6
Datalink Layer: Layer 2 received the packets and add its own header to each packet to create Frame .This layer usually include another address call MAC address / physical address. It also perform the data integrity check ,this check is done by adding a checksum in the trailer at the end of the frame .finally layer 2 converts entire data into zeros and one ( 0 and 1) for digital communication.
Physical Layer: layer 1 converts bit into electrical signals and sends them across the physical medium which can be telephone wire, fiber-optic cable ,or even wireless environment .Physical layer specification defines characteristic such as voltage specification ,voltage lavel ,physical data rate , max^ transmission distance etc
The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP model for network communication. The OSI model defines 7 layers for network communication: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model is a simpler 4 layer model with application, transport, internet, and network access layers. A 5 layer reference model combines elements of both models with physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. Each layer has a specific role like addressing, error checking, and defining protocols.
The document discusses the OSI model and TCP/IP model for network communication. The OSI model defines 7 layers for network communication: physical, data link, network, transport, session, presentation, and application layer. The TCP/IP model is a simpler 4 layer model with application, transport, internet, and network access layers. A 5 layer reference model combines elements of both models with physical, data link, network, transport, and application layers. Each layer has a specific role like addressing, error checking, and defining protocols.
OSI Model - Open System Interconnection reference model.
Provides Guidelines on how computers communicate over a network .It does
n't define specific procedure /protocols how the communication happens. Protocols: Protocols is a formal set of rules and procedures computer must under stand accept and used to be able to communicate over network. E.g TCP, SNMP,IMAP ,HTTP OSI Model Stacks: Application ,Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Datali nk and Physiscal Layers TCP/IP Model ( 4 Layers ) Application, Transport, Internet and Network Access la yer . It's a simpler 4 Leyer model defines specific protocols for each layer. 5 layer reference model is the combination of OSI model and TCP/IP model where w e have below 4 layers copied from OSI reference model and above 3 layers of OSI model are combined called Application layer .Hence in 5 layer reference model we have Application ,Transport, Network, Datalink,Physical. Specific Job of Each Layer : Application Layer: Application Layer protocols specifies detail like How data should be encoded,compressed, or encrypted, and how session should be mana ged. Appl^ layer protocols are :HTTP,SMTP,DNS,FTP Transport : Transport Layer Specifies which Application layer protocols should be used to process the data on receiving compuers. Each Appl^ layer proto cols uses specific numerical identity, called port .which is used to identify th e protocols . HTTPS 80, SMTP-25, DNS -53, TFTP-69,FTP -21,SFTP -22 Transport Layer protocols are of 2 types UDP / TCP where UDP is best effort delive ry service providing no delivery notification, error checking or recovery proced ures to source computer. E.g DNS, Online Gaming, VOIP or streaming Videos . TCP on the other hand a robust protocols proving Delivery notification ,error checki ng ,and recovering procedures. With TCP the receiving computer tell the sending computers when the data was received. E g.: HTTP, FTP ,SMTP are kind of TCP prot ocols .TCP accepts data from application protocols and cuts the data into smalle r pieces called segments . Network Layer: It received the data segments from transport layer and ad d a header to create Packets.Layer 3 header contains source and Destination IP a ddress .Network Layer also identify the upper layer transport layer protocols th at is being used .Each transport layer protocols is assigned a unique identifier s UDP -17 and TCP- 6 Datalink Layer: Layer 2 received the packets and add its own header to e ach packet to create Frame .This layer usually include another address call MAC address / physical address. It also perform the data integrity check ,this check is done by adding a checksum in the trailer at the end of the frame .finally la yer 2 converts entire data into zeros and one ( 0 and 1) for digital communicati on. Physical Layer: layer 1 converts bit into electrical signals and sends t hem across the physical medium which can be telephone wire, fiber-optic cable ,o r even wireless environment .Physical layer specification defines characteristic such as voltage specification ,voltage lavel ,physical data rate , max^ transmi ssion distance etc