Application Note

MultiMotor
Series

Space Vector Modulation of a 3Phase AC Induction Motor with the

Z8FMC16100 MCU
AN036901-0214

Abstract
Space vector modulation techniques can be applied for AC induction motors, permanent
magnet synchronous motors, and BLDC motor types. This application note discusses the
AC induction motor type; however, the same motor driver firmware is used with the
included BLDC motor type. 3-phase alternating current (AC) induction motors are
mechanically simple, rugged, highly reliable, lower in cost per horsepower than DC
motors, and capable of more torque and efficiency than single-phase AC motors.
A 3-phase AC induction motor can be controlled by creating a rotating voltage reference
vector within a hexagon; the speed of rotation of this voltage reference vector determines
the frequency of motor rotation. The space vector modulation application discussed in this
application note uses three Hall sensors for angular position feedback.
Constant cost pressure and increased consumer expectations have driven design engineers
to seek minimal hardware solutions that extract maximum performance from motors used
in consumer goods. This application note demonstrates how Zilogs Z8FMC16100 MCU
can implement efficient, cost-conscious vector modulation of an AC induction motor.
Note: The source code file associated with this application note, AN0369-SC01, is available free
for download from the Zilog website. This source code has been tested with ZDS II Z8
Encore! version 5.0.0. Subsequent releases of ZDS II may require you to modify the code
supplied with this application note.

Z8FMC16100 Series Flash Microcontrollers

The Z8FMC16100 Series of Flash MCUs is based on Zilogs advanced 8-bit Z8 Encore!
CPU core. The MCUs in this series are optimized for motor control applications and support control of single- and multiphase variable-speed motors. Target applications are consumer appliances, HVAC, factory automation, refrigeration, and automotive applications,
among others.
To rotate a 3-phase motor, three AC voltage signals must be supplied and phase-shifted
120 degrees from each other. To control a 3-phase motor, the MCU must provide six Pulse
Width Modulation (PWM) outputs. The Z8FMC16100 Series Flash MCU features a flexible PWM module with three complementary pairs supporting deadband operation and
fault protection trip input. These features provide multiphase control capability for various
motor types, and ensure safe operation of the motor by providing immediate shutdown of
the PWM pins during a fault condition.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Discussion
An electric motor consists of a stator and a stationary frame in which a rotating component, or rotor, is mounted on a shaft and bearings. In a 3-phase AC induction motor, the
stator is laced with three sets of inductor windings energized by three AC voltage inputs
that are phase-offset 120 degrees from each other to produce a rotating field of magnetic
flux inside the motor. This field creates induced magnetic flux in short passive windings
on the rotor. The stator field exerts a magnetic force on the rotor flux field, resulting in
torque on the output shaft.
In a 3-phase motor control application, the input to the motor is produced by a 3-phase
inverter bridge. A bridge contains three complementary source/drain transistor pairs
which connect either ground or high-voltage DC to each of its three outputs in response to
digital control signals from the microcontroller. The microcontroller uses PWM on the
bridge control signals to generate three approximately-sinusoidal AC waveforms on the
bridge outputs, with the required 120-degree phase offset.
The duty cycle of each microcontroller PWM output is varied to control the period and
amplitude of the generated AC signal which, in turn, determines the speed and torque of
the motor.

Theory of Operation
Similarly to third harmonic-injected sinusoidal PWM, the Space Vector Modulation
method utilizes about fifteen percent more of the available bus voltage, therefore increasing the efficiency of motor operation.
Unlike a non-third harmonic-injected sinusoidal PWM, the neutral point of the phase voltages is constrained to one-half of the bus voltage, as illustrated in Figure 1.
Vbus
Vbus/2
-Vbus

Figure 1. The Rotating Vectors are Constrained by VBUS and the Center of the VBUS Voltage

Space vector modulation is not confined to the limits of the VBUS and the center voltages,
and can float in space as illustrated in Figure 2.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

W
Vbus
Vbus/2
-Vbus

T1

T2

Time 1

T3

Time 2

Time 3

Figure 2. Center Voltage of the Space Vector Floats in Space

Unlike sinusoidal PWM which generates sinusoidal currents separately in each push/pull
stage of the inverter, space vector modulation operates the entire inverter as a single unit
to produce the sinusoidal currents. In doing so, the inverter is operated in eight different
states within the hexagon, two of which are referred to as zero vectors because they produce no voltages, and six states which produce non-zero voltages.
The rotating reference voltage VS within this hexagon, seen in Figure 3, is represented by
a space vector using the following equation:
VS = VS * ej

V3(010)

V2(110)

V4(011)

Vs

V1(100)

V0(000)
V7(111)

V5(001)

V6(101)

Figure 3. The Rotating Reference Vector VREF within the Hexagon

With vector addition, the resulting reference space vector is:

VS = ( r1 * V1) + ( r2 * V2)

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

To produce this rotating vector, the angular position within any two base vectors must be
known, as shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4. The Location of the Reference Vector in between any of Two Base Vectors

Knowing the angle of rotation and the adjacent base vectors within the hexagon, the scalar
coefficients for the adjacent base vector r1 and r2 must be calculated to time-modulate the
base vectors V1 and V2 toward generating the resulting voltage reference vector VS.
After the angular information is obtained, the scalar quantities r1 and r2 can be calculated
using the following equations:
r1 = m 3 sin(60 )
r2 = m 3 sin()

In the above equations, m is the magnitude of the rotating space vector VS.
The time periods for which the adjacent base vectors are modulated to obtain the reference
vector can be calculated using equations 1, 2, and 3:
Equation 1
t0 = (1 t1 t2) * T
Equation 2
t1 = r1 * T
Equation 3
t2 = r2 * T

In these three equations, T is the sum of t0, t1, and t2, and cannot be greater than the time
period of the PWM. Next, t0 becomes the time period for which either or both zero vectors
are applied in combination with t1 and t2, as illustrated in Figure 5.

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MultiMotor Series Application Note

Figure 5. The Switching Times for Base Vectors V1, V2, and Zero Vectors

To find the time periods t0, t1, and t2, the angles are determined by using V1 as the reference axis in a counterclockwise direction to determine the base vector angle to be subtracted from the angle of the reference vector.
Reference Angle and Reference Voltage Calculations

Using equations 1, 2, and 3 above, if the bus voltage is 24 V and the desired reference vector magnitude is 12 V, then the following equation can be calculated:
12

ej*190

In this equation, the angle is 190 degrees and the adjacent base vector is V4, which is 180
degrees. Therefore, r1 and r2 can be calculated using the following equations:
r1 = 3 *

r2 = 3 *

12V
24V

12V
24V

* sin[60deg (190deg 180deg)] = 0.663

* sin(190deg 180deg)

0.15

If the PWM period is T = 50 s, then the time duration for either zero vector V0, V7 is:
t0 = (1 r1 r2) * T = 9.3 s

The time duration for t1 is:

t1 = r1 * T =

33.2 s

And the time duration for t2 is:

t2 = r2 * T = 7.5 s

Space vector control allows for different switching combinations using t1 and t2 based on
the choice of the null vectors which are applied for duration of time t0. Applying the zero
vectors V0, V7, or both V0 and V7 results in different switching patterns to generate either
less total harmonic distortion or to reduce linear switching power losses in the switching
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MultiMotor Series Application Note

devices. Using these V0, V7 zero vectors can serve to obtain a regenerative braking effect,
especially when using ACIM. This application note discusses the alternate reverse switching mode pattern.
To reduce linear switching losses with either V0 or V7, zero vectors can be applied in
sequence; i.e, using V0 as the zero vector in the sequence t1 t2 t0 or using the V7
zero vector in the same sequence. In both cases, each of the three phases in the inverter
does not switch for one-third of the time in a cycle.
However, different combinations of switching sequences have different effects on the
inverter circuit, depending on the size of the bootstrap capacitors used for the high- and
low-side drivers. If the V0 zero vector is used, the bootstrap will still work because the
capacitors can discharge; however, such may not be the case when using the V7 vector as
a zero vector.
Table 1 presents PWM timing examples for using the null vector V0 only.
Table 1. PWM Timing for Each of Six Sectors Using V0 as Zero Vector
Sector 1

Sector 2

Sector 3

Sector 4

Sector 5

Sector 6

PhsA = t1 + t2

PhsA = t0 + t1

PhsA = 0

PhsA = t0

PhsA = t2

PhsA = 100%

PhsB = t2

PhsB = 100%

PhsB = t1 + t2

PhsB = t0 + t1

PhsB = 0

PhsB = t0

PhsC = 0

PhsC = t0

PhsC = t2

PhsC = 100%

PhsC = t1 + t2

PhsC = t0 + t1

Application
To apply space vector theory, the Z8FMC16100 microcontrollers PWM module is configured as three complementary output pairs. Each output pair controls one complementary source/drain transistor pair in the inverter bridge. The PWM module is configured to
insert a deadband between ON states to prevent leakage that might occur if one transistor
in a pair turns on before the other is fully off.
Each PWM output pair produces a stream of complementary on/off pulses to activate the
corresponding source or drain transistor in the inverter bridge. The voltage of each bridge
output varies with the source/drain pulse duty cycle.
The period of each PWM cycle is configured to be 50 s; the PWM module generates an
interrupt request at the end of each cycle to calculate the PWM timings for of the space
vector modulation signals. These signals are loaded into the three PWM registers for
Phase A, Phase B, and Phase C. Therefore, the primary goal of the ISR is to update the
duty cycle value for each PWM channel, as required, to produce the appropriate AC waveforms at the inverter bridge outputs.
The frequency of the rotating vector is calculated as:
Freq

AN036901-0214

LUToffset
PWMperiod * LUTsize

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

In the above equation, the LUToffset value is a 16-bit integer index, of which only the
upper byte is used to select the Look-Up Table (LUT) entries.
The synchronous speed of the rotor can then be calculated as:
Speed = 120 *

Freq
Poles

The timer0 ticks captured for the PI loop are calculated as:
MCUclockFreq
TimerPrescaler

TimerTicks =

LUToffset
PWMperiod * LUTsize

Equipment Used
The following equipment is used for the MultiMotor Series Development Kit to demonstrate the space vector modulation technique.

Z8FMC16100 MCU Module equipped with a Z8FMC16100 MCU (98C1395-001G)

MultiMotor Series Development Board (99C1358-001G)

Opto-Isolated USB SmartCable (99C0968)

Opto-Isolated UART-to-USB adapter (99C1359-001G)

LINIX 3-phase 24 VDC, 30W, 3200 RPM BLDC motor (45ZWN24-30)

24 V AC/DC power supply

Digital Oscilloscope

PC with Internet access and at least two open USB ports

Tektronix DPO 2014B

Hardware Setup
Figure 6 illustrates the application hardware connections required to operate the motor
with space vector modulation.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Figure 6. MultiMotor Series Development Kit and Linix BLDC Motor

Testing Procedure
Observe the following procedure to test space vector modulation on the Z8FMC16100
MCU Module.
1. Download ZDS II Z8 Encore! 5.0.0 (or newer) from the Zilog Store and install it
onto your PC.
2. Download the AN0369-SC01.zip source code file from the Zilog website and unzip it
to an appropriate location on your PC.
3. Connect the hardware as shown in Figure 6.
a. The cables from the opto-isolated USB SmartCable and the UART-to-USB
adapter must be connected to two of the PCs USB ports.
b. Download and install the drivers for the SmartCable and the UART-to-USB
adapter, if required. For assistance, refer to the MultiMotor Series Development
Kit Quick Start Guide (QS0091).
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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

4. Power up the MultiMotor Series Development Board using the 24 V DC adapter that is
included in the Kit.
5. Using a serial terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal, TeraTerm, or RealTerm, configure the serial port to 57600-8-N-1-N. A console screen should appear on the
PC which will show the status of the motor and allow changes to the motors operation.
6. Launch ZDS II Z8 Encore!, and select Open Project from the File menu. Browse to the
directory on your PC into which you downloaded the AN0369-SC01 source code. Locate
the AN0369_SC01.zdsproj file, click to highlight it, and select Open.
7. Ensure that the RUN/STOP switch on the Z8FMC16100 MCU Module is in the STOP
position.
8. In ZDS II, compile and flash the firmware to the Z8FMC16100 MCU Module by
selecting Rebuild All from the Build menu. Next, select Debug Download code,
followed by Debug Go.
9. Set the RUN/STOP switch on the Z8FMC16100 MCU Module to RUN. The motor
should begin turning.
10. In the GUI terminal console, enter the letter U to switch to UART control; a menu similar to the example shown in Figure 7 should appear. As a result, commands can now
be entered using the console to change the motors operation.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Figure 7. GUI Terminal Showing the UART Control

11. At the Input Command: prompt, enter the letter H to establish hardware control; see
Figure 8..

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Figure 8. GUI Terminal Showing Hardware Control

Results
In this application, three oscilloscope probes are connected to the Phase A, Phase B, and
Phase C offsets of the MultiMotor Series Development Board to show the space vector
alternate reverse switching pattern modulation. These probes were also connected to
BEMF voltage dividers to monitor the generated BEMF voltages and, ultimately, to view
the associated voltage-switching pattern waveforms.
Figure 9 illustrates the alternate-reverse space vector modulation pattern on Phase A,
Phase B, and Phase C.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Figure 9. Alternate-Reverse Space Vector Modulation Pattern

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Figure 10 illustrates the alternate-reverse voltage waveform on Phase A, Phase B, and

Phase C.

Figure 10. Alternate-Reverse Voltage Waveforms

Closed-Loop Control Performance

To monitor closed-loop speed control performance, the motor speed was set to 2000 RPM
at a nominal operating voltage of 24 V. As this operating voltage was increased and
decreased by 4 V, motor speed was observed to remain constant. To test the PI loop
under load, the motor load was increased, which caused the PI loop to quickly ramp up the
current to maintain the set speed. The PI loop stability was verified by observing the voltage sine wave while loading the running motor, a condition for which the sine wave period
time must be maintained constant in both amplitude and frequency with no jitter. The
closed-loop speed control essentially provides power operation of the motor which
remains constant.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Open-Loop Control Performance

To monitor the performance of the speed control function while operating in an open loop,
the motor speed was set to 2000 RPM at a nominal operating voltage of 24 V. As this operating voltage was increased or decreased by 4 V, motor speed was observed to vary
accordingly. The motor load was then increased, which caused the motor current to be
increased while its speed dropped.

Summary
The purpose of this application is to demonstrate the operation of an ACIM-, BLDC-, or
PMSM-type machine using the Space Vector Modulation technique. To generate sinusoidal voltages and currents, a voltage reference vector is rotated 360 degrees within a hexagon. Each of the six sectors within this hexagon creates unique switching patterns for the
space vector modulation.
Space vector modulation has the advantage of utilizing about fifteen percent more of the
available bus voltage. Formulas discussed in this document have been shown to calculate
the space vector modulation timings and motor frequency. Because the frequency calculations include the PWM period, all space vector sinusoidal wave constructions are executed
in the PWM interrupt service routine. The execution time for the sine wave reconstruction
in the PWM service interrupt routine is approximately 18 s. The execution time of the
Hall interrupt service routine is approximately 16 s. Both execution times are based on a
20 MHz external clock.
To maintain synchronization and commutation angle between the reference vector frequency and rotor frequency, the Hall interrupt service routine captures the binary Hall
state upon each interrupt and fetches the corresponding reference angle from a Look-Up
Table (LUT). The High byte of the PWM sine Look-Up Table index is then used to fetch
the next value from the Sine Look-Up Table. Any positive or negative offset value to this
high byte of the PWM sine look-up table will increment or decrement the frequency of
rotation of the reference vector.
Space vector modulation has the advantage of commutating a BLDC or PMSM motor
with less acoustical and electrical noise, because the sine current through the windings has
no steep current transitions. The effects of total harmonic distortions and linear switching
power losses can be further manipulated by applying different space vector modulation
switching schemes. Such manipulations allow for higher life expectancy of ripple current
capacitors and ball bearings because the sinusoidal commutation approach causes virtually
no torque or current ripple in an ACIM, PMSM, or BLDC machine. In addition to electrical and acoustical noise reduction, the PWM sine approach also increases the efficiency of
a BLDC-/PMSM-type motor due to its fifteen percent higher bus voltage utilization.
The example application and techniques described in this document should prove helpful
for anyone who intends to develop motor control applications based on the Z8FMC16100
Series family of microcontrollers.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Appendix C. References
Documents associated with the Z8FMC16100 Series of products are listed below. Each of
these documents can be obtained from the Zilog website by clicking the link associated
with its document number where indicated.

Z8 Encore! CPU User Manual (UM0128)

Z8FMC16100 Series Product Specification (PS0246)

MultiMotor Series Development Kit Quick Start Guide (QS0091)

MultiMotor Series Development Kit User Manual (UM0262)

BLDC Motor Control Using Sensored Sinusoidal PWM Modulation with the
Z8FMC16100 MCU Application Note (AN0367)

Three-Phase Hall Sensor BLDC Driver Using the Z8FMC16100 MCU Application
Note (AN0368)

Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Control with the Z8FMC1600 MCU Application Note
(AN0370)

The following external documents offer sound fundamentals for understanding motor control concepts.

Motor Control Electronics Handbook, Richard Valentine; McGraw Hill.

Lehrstuhl fuer Electrische Antriebssysteme und Leistungselektronik, Prof. Dr. Ing.

Ralph Kennel, Technische Universitaet Muenchen.

Electric Machinery, Peter F. Ryff.

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Appendix D. Schematic Diagrams

Figures 11 through 14 present the schematic diagrams for the Z8FMC16100 MCU Module.
FAULT0

J1

1
J2

STOP/-RUN
DIRECTION
C26
680pF

CPINP

PWML1
PWMH2
PWML2
PC0
DBG
-RESET

VCC_5VM

SCK

1
3
5
7
9
11

U4

16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
XOUT
XIN

17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24

Z8FMCxx _32LQFP

PWM1H
PWM0L
PWM0h
VSS
XOUT
XIN
VDD
PA3/TXDE/SCK/SCL

SENS_A
SENS_B
SENS_C

C24
680pF

Vbus_M
ENABLE

ANA4

HSA
HSB
HSC

2
4
6
8
10
12

BEMF_A
BEMF_B
BEMF_C

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

PA1/OPINP/CINN
PA0/OPINN
VREF
AVSS
AVDD
PB0/ANA0/T0IN0
PB1/ANA1/T0IN1
PB2/ANA2/T0IN2

CS+
CS-

OPINP
OPINN

J23
VREF

AGND
AVCC
SENS_A
SENS_B
SENS_C

SS-

MISO

VCC_3v3

J21
TXD_MOSI

PA4/RXD/MISO
PA5/TXD/MOSI
PA6/CTS/SS/SDA
PB7/ANA7
PB6/ANA6
PB5/ANA5
PB4/ANA4/CINN
PB3/ANA3/OPOUT

RXD_MISO

1
3
5
7

CS2

U2

UART FLASH
SELECTION

VREF

A_L
A_H
BEMF_A
B_H
B_L
BEMF_B
C_H
C_L
BEMF_C

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30

PWML0
PWMH0
ANA0
PWMH1
PWML1
ANA1
PWMH2
PWML2
ANA2
CS1+
CS1VCC_3v3
ANA5

TEMP

HDR/PIN 2x15 RA

HDR/PIN 2x6

VCC_3v3
20MHZ

C25
680pF

J22

PWM1L
PWM2H
PWM2L
PC0/T0OUT
DBG
RESET/FAULT0
PA7/FAULT1/T0OUT/COMPOUT
PA2/CINP

PWMH1
PWML0
PWMH0

Y1

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29

MOSI
TXD
MISO
RXD

2
4
6
8

TXD

VCC_3v3

CS

VCC

SO

HOLD

WP

SCK

GND

SI

8
7
6

SCK

MOSI

RXD
S25FL032P

HDR/PIN 2x4

PLACE J3 - J6, J8, J9 WHERE THE ROUTING ALLOWS.

25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32

J3
J20
RXD_MISO
TXD_MOSI
SSPB7
ANA6
ANA5
ANA4
OPOUT

R29

ON
VBUS CTRL
MCU

D6

PB7

1
RED

470

CS1+
R26

1
2
3

VCC_3v3
ENABLE
PB7

CS1ANA5
PC0

CPINP
C2

0.01uF
OPOUT

VCC_3v3
C4

0.01uF

C3

VREF
R7

OPINP

ANA6

R8
0 ohm
R10

IF VCC_3v3 is used remove R8

and install R10 = 3.3K

VREF
100PF

R9 12.4K
CPINP
VBUS_M
0.1uF

R11
5K

1K

VCC_3v3
R16

R17

R12

10K

R14

49.9K

C8

12pF

7.87K
R15

10K

OPOUT

C7
10K

OPINN

1000pF/1nF

CS1-

-RESET

J14

1
3
5

6-CKT R/A HOUSING

1
1

1
1

CS1J5
ANA5
J6
PC0
J8
CPINP
J9
OPOUT

PWML2
BEMF_C
HSA
HSB
HSC

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
HDR/PIN 1x16

VCC_3v3

DBG
INTERFACE
2
4
6

PWML0
PWMH0
BEMF_A
PWMH1
PWML1
BEMF_B
ANA4
PWMH2

ENABLE

3
R13

TEMP

J4

J10

C5

3.3K
C6

10K

CS1+

10uF

CS1+

10K

AVCC

C9

DBG
SW2
B3U-1000P

-RESET/-FAULT

0.01uF
GND

C10
R28

0.01uF
AGND

0 ohm

Figure 11. Space Vector Modulation Schematics, #1 of 4

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MultiMotor Series Application Note

VCC_5V
J16

VCC_5V
C21

VCC_5VM

1
2
3

C20
4.7uF
0.1uF
VCC_3v3
D1

J17
U3

1
3

2
2
PMEG3020

Vin

Vout

GND

C22

Enable

R19
330

NC

1
2
3

VCC_3v3

C23

NCP551SN33T1G

HDR/PIN 1x3

4.7uF

0.1uF, 50V

VCC_3v3

VCC_5VL

D4
GREEN

3.3 OK

R22
100K
R24

DIRECTION

DIRECTION

1
2
3

3
100 ohm

HDR/PIN 1x3
J18

R23
100K

SW3

EG1218
SW4

R25
STOP/-RUN

VCC_5V

1
2
3

100 ohm

EG1218

STOP/-RUN

D5
1N4448W
J19

RXD
TXD

1
2
3
4
5
6
1x6 RT-ANGL

Figure 12. Space Vector Modulation Schematics, #2 of 4

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MultiMotor Series Application Note

VBUS_B

D1

C2

A_H

A_L

VCC

VBOOT

IN_HI

DRV_HI

IN_LO

BRIDGE

GND

DRV_LO

GA_H

R2

R34

10 ohm

R3

22.1 ohm

0.1uF

Q1

GA_H

2
4

2.2 ohm

Q2

GB_H

Q3

GC_H

22.1 ohm

R4
150K

Phase_A

NCP5106B

IXTY64N055T
R5
150K

R6
150K

IXTY64N055T

2
4

R1

BAV19WS
U1

0.1uF

C1

1
2
4

VCC_12V

IXTY64N055T

GA_L
D7

+ C3
220uF, 50V

1
Phase_C
BAV19WS

Phase_B

D2

Phase_A
C5

C7
R7

BAV19WS

2.2 ohm

U2

DRV_HI

IN_LO

0.1uF

BRIDGE
DRV_LO

GND

R9

22.1 ohm

R35

10 ohm

R10

22.1 ohm

Phase_B

NCP5106B

R11
150K

GB_L
D8

Q4

GA_L

R12
150K

R14

10K

3
4

VBOOT

IN_HI

DRV_HI

IN_LO

BRIDGE
DRV_LO

GND

R20

0.1uF

R16

R36

10 ohm

R19

22.1 ohm

J16 SETTINGS:
1-2 AC MOTOR
2-3 BLDC MOTOR

Phase_C

HSC
HSB
HSA

shunt

GC_L
D9

5-POS

PD4

R21
10K

ENABLE

Vbus_M
ENABLE

ANA4
PE7

HSA

PD3
PD4
PD5

HSC

PD0_PWMH1
PD1_PWML1
PD2_PWMH2
PD7_PWML2

Phase_A
Phase_B
Phase_C
R24
150K

R27
10K

R26
150K

R25
150K
BEMF_B

BEMF_C

R28
100 ohm

J6

1
2

C30
VCC_3v3
0.01uF

R29
10K

C31
0.01uF

R30
10K

C32

R31
10K

R32
10K

D4

Q7
MMBT3904

TEMP
BEMF_A

C11
0.1uf

J5

1
2

VCC_3v3

VCC_5VM

A_L
A_H
BEMF_A
B_H
B_L
BEMF_B
C_H
C_L
BEMF_C
CS1+
CS1CS2+
CS2TEMP

J2
PC7_PWML0
PC6_PWMH0

BAS16V

R22
10K

BAV19WS

2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30

1
2
3
4
5

HSB

NCP5106B

1
3
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
23
25
27
29

J3

J4

22.1 ohm

VCC_3v3

10K

SH2

GC_H

3-POS

CS1C10

1
2
3

C_L

J1

1
2
3

Phase_A
Phase_B
Phase_C

R18
0.100 ohm, 2W

2.2 ohm

U3

C_H

IXTY64N055T

1
BAV19WS

VCC

R13
150K

CS1+
R17
10K

D3

IXTY64N055T

Q6

1
R15

0.1uF

GC_L

Vbus_M

BAV19WS

C9

Q5

GB_L

IXTY64N055T

2
4

VBOOT

IN_HI

B_L

VCC

2
4

0.1uF, 50V

GB_H

B_H

0.1uF, 50V

C6

2
4

0.1uF

C4

C8
0.1uF, 50V

R8
150K

2 POS
10K

R23

FOR USE
WITH AC MOTOR

C12
0.1uf

0.01uF

HDR/PIN 2x15

Figure 13. Space Vector Modulation Schematics, #3 of 4

AN036901-0214

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

J7

1
2
F1

2 POS

SH1

SHUNT POSITION
1-2 EXTERNAL VBUS
2-3 INTERNAL VBUS

shunt

FUSE/250V/2A

J9

VBUS

J8

FH1

1
2
3

1
250V/5x20

HDR/PIN 1x3

HS1

1
2
3

J10

1
2
3

J11

12V

VCC_24V
USE HEATSINK

USE HEATSINK

VCC_12V

U4

OUT

MIC29150-12

+ C14
10uF
50V

5V

MIC29150-5

C17
+ C15
10uF

C16

0.1uF

+ C13
10uF

0.1uF

PJ-003A

OUT

D5
1N4007

IN

GND

1
3
2

IN

1
2
3

GND

P1

J12

VCC_5VM

U5

1
2
3

24VDC

TO-220

holder
2

EXTERNAL VBUS
UP TO 48VDC

J13

1
2
3

GND
VCC_12V
VBUS
RL1

3
D6
BAS16

J14

2
5
2

GND
1

1
2
3

1
VBUS_B

JS1A-12V

R33

1
2K

Q8
MMBT3904

ENABLE

Figure 14. Space Vector Modulation Schematics, #4 of 4

AN036901-0214

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Appendix E. Flow Charts

Figure 15 presents the typical flow of the space vector control routine.

Figure 15. Space Vector Modulation Flow

AN036901-0214

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Space Vector Modulation of a 3-Phase AC Induction Motor with the Z8FMC16100 MCU
MultiMotor Series Application Note

Customer Support
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This publication is subject to replacement by a later edition. To determine whether a later
edition exists, please visit the Zilog website at http://www.zilog.com.

Warning: DO NOT USE THIS PRODUCT IN LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS.

LIFE SUPPORT POLICY

ZILOGS PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE
SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL OF
THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF ZILOG CORPORATION.
As used herein
Life support devices or systems are devices which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b)
support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for
use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A
critical component is any component in a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be
reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or
effectiveness.
Document Disclaimer
2014 Zilog, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this publication concerning the devices, applications,
or technology described is intended to suggest possible uses and may be superseded. ZILOG, INC. DOES
NOT ASSUME LIABILITY FOR OR PROVIDE A REPRESENTATION OF ACCURACY OF THE
INFORMATION, DEVICES, OR TECHNOLOGY DESCRIBED IN THIS DOCUMENT. ZILOG ALSO
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property of their respective owners.

AN036901-0214

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