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Abstract
This Paper presents a detailed study on the types of modelling of the PV Panel for simulation studies. The main concern of this
study is to analyze the results and compare them under standard test conditions. PV systems are generally integrated with specific
control algorithms in order to extract the maximum possible power. Hence it is highly imperative that the Maximum Power Point
(MPP) is achieved effectively and thus we need to design a model from which the MPPT algorithm can be realized in an efficient
way. Also other parameters should be taken into account for finding the best model for the use in simulation. It is very important
to choose the appropriate model based on the application. The models used for study in this paper include the single diode model,
two diode model and Simscape modelling. MATLAB/Simulink presents a powerful tool to study such systems. The work tests the
accuracy of the models under different temperature and irradiance conditions. The two diode model is known to have better
accuracy at low irradiance levels which allows for a more accurate prediction of PV system performance. Simscape, part of
Simulink environment, has a solar cell block that makes building a PV model straightforward and much easier programming with
full demonstration to all system details. On the basis of the study, the best model that can be used for simulation purposes can be
selected. It is envisaged that the work can be very useful for professionals who require simple and accurate PV simulators for
their design. All the systems here are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
2. PV CELL MODELLING
The simplest way of representing the solar cell is the single
diode model. It consists of a current source in parallel to a
diode. The parameters required are short circuit current (Isc),
open circuit voltage (Voc) and the diode ideality factor (a).
The ideality factor of a diode is a measure of how closely
the diode follows the ideal diode equation. Due to the
presence of recombination losses, ideality factor other than
ideal are produced. The basic model is improved for
accuracy by introducing the series resistance (Rs).It does not
prove to be efficient under temperature variations. To
overcome this drawback, an additional shunt resistance (Rp)
is included. This increases the parameters to a considerable
level and the computations are increased. Although Rp is
added, the model fails under low irradiation conditions.
To improve the accuracy, the two diode model is introduced
where another diode is included in parallel to the already
prevailing current source and diode. The addition of the
diode leads to complexity. All the parameters need to be
estimated and thus requires large computational time.
Although greater accuracy can be achieved by this model, it
requires the computation of seven parameters namely
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3. SIMULATION PARAMETERS
A Single PV Cell is used for simulation for the study. The
cells can be connected by increasing the number of cells in
series and parallel based on the load requirement. The PV
Cell specifications are as follows:
(1)
Where,
Ipv= photo voltaic current
Io=saturation current of the diode
q=electron charge in coulombs
=1.602*10-19C
K=Boltzmann constant
=1.380*10-23 J/K
a=diode ideality factor
Rs=series resistance
Rp=parallel resistance
T=Temperature in Kelvin
1.464A
Voltage at
power(Vmp)
maximum
0.453V
Current at
power(Imp)
maximum
1.28A
Maximum power(Pmax)
0.58W
(2)
Where;
IPV_STC=light generated current under
conditions
(STC)
T= T-TSTC (in kelvin)
G= surface irradiance of cell (W/m2)
GSTC=1000W/m2
Irradiance under STC
Ki = short circuit current coefficient
standard
test
(3)
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Where;
Io,stc = normal saturation current under standard test
conditions (STC)
TSTC= temperature under standard test conditions
Eg= band gap energy of the semiconductor
The Matlab/Simulink implementation of the single diode
model is as follows:
(4)
Where ID1 & ID2 are the diode currents of the two diodes
respectively given as:
(5)
(6)
Fig -4: V-I Curve under varying Temperature
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103
(7)
The diode ideality factors a1 and a2 represent the diffusion
and recombination current component. The two diode
models produce more precise results at lower irradiance
levels.
The Matlab/Simulink implementation of the two diode
model is as follows:
Fig -11: P-V Curve under varying Irradiance
6. SIMSCAPE MODELLING
The solar cell block in the Simscape environment represents
a solar cell current source. The model includes the following
components:
Solar-induced current
Temperature dependence
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Table -4: Comparison between 5-parameter and 8parameter models in SIMSCAPE under varying
Temperature and Irradiance conditions
Simscape
Simscape two diode
Irradiance one diode
model
(G)
model
W/m2
Voc
Isc
Pmax
Voc
Isc
Pmax
1000
0.390 1.500 0.445 0.544 1.500 0.6021
800
0.384 1.200 0.351 0.535 1.200 0.4713
600
0.377 0.900 0.258 0.523 0.900 0.3444
Temperature (T) and G=1000 W/m2
Fig -25: V-I Curves for G=1000W/m2 and T=25oC
25oC
50 oC
75 oC
0.390
0.423
0.456
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.445
0.485
0.522
0.544
0.590
0.636
1.500
1.500
1.500
0.6021
0.6529
0.7046
8. CONCLUSION
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BIOGRAPHIES
B.SAI PRANAHITA pursuing M.TECH
degree in Power Electronics and Drives,
from SRM University, Chennai, Tamil
Nadu. Her interest of research includes
MPPT in PV arrays, Control Systems.
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