Practical Power Modeling of Data

Transmission over 802.11g for Wireless

Applications
Yu Xiao Petri Savolainen Arto Karppanen Matti Siekkinen
Antti Yl-Jski

E-Energy 2010

Outline

Introduction
Related Work
Power Model
Model Validation
Discussion
Conclusion

Introduction
Power consumption of data transmission in WLAN
802.11 Wireless network interface (WNI)
Different power consumption in different operating modes
Energy = Power(operating mode)* Duration(operating mode)
The duration information is not easily accessible

Estimate the operating modes & durations

802.11 power saving mode (PSM)
Traffic burstiness

Related Work
Power analysis of network protocols
Power analysis of different TCP versions such as Reno,
Newreno and SACK[9]
Impact on power consumption from different TCP
header options such as window scale option[10]
Power consumption of MAC/PHY layer overhead[14]
Power models that use low-level information
Power model based on WNI operating modes [3]

Power Model
Traffic Burstiness
Burst
Interval TI

Burst size SB
Bin rate r
r = SB/T = SB/(TB+TI)
Burst
Duration TB

Bin Duration T= TB+TI

Packet
Interval

In a Burst: {Packet interval < Threshold}

WNI Operating Modes: CAM vs. PSM

Continuously Active Mode

(CAM)

Power Saving Mode(PSM)

Tsleep = TI - Ttimeout
SLEEP
PS

IDLE

RECEIVE
PR

RECEIVE

PSM
Timeout

TRANSMIT
IDLE PI

TRANSMIT
PT

Two Scenarios
Threshold of bin rate rc
When Tsleep = 0,
rc = SB/ (TB+ Ttimeout).
Scenario 1: {{r >= rc } and {PSM is enabled}} or
{CAM is enabled} .
Scenario 2: { r < rc } and {PSM is enabled}.

Downlink Power Consumption

Power(W)

PT

TI

PR

PI
Ps
TB
SLEEP IDLE RECEIVE TRANSMIT

Energy(J): E = PRTB+ PITI

Power(W): Pd(r) = E/T
Energy Utility (b/J): E0(r) = r/Pd(r)

Downlink Power Consumption

Scenario 1

E = PRTB+ PITI

Scenario 2

E = PRTB+ PITtimeout + PSTsleep

Pd(r) = E/T = PI + r(PR PI) TB/SB Pd(r) = E/T =PS + r[(PR PS) TB/SB+ (PI
PS) Ttimeout/SB]

Power

Power

PR

PR

PI

PI

TB

TB+ TI

Time

TB TB+ TI TB+ TI+ Tsleep Time

TCP Power Consumption

Downlink data rate rd
Downlink burst size SB
Uplink data rate ru = nSACKrd/SB

n packets
n ACKs

Td

Tu

Data rate threshold rc = SB/(Td+Tu+Ttimeout)

Scenario 1:
P(rd)=Pd(rd)+Pu(ru)-PI= PI+[Td(PR-PI)+Tu(PT-PI)]rd/SB

Secenario 2:
P(rd)=Pd(rd)+Pu(ru)-PS
=PS+[Td(PR-PS)+Tu(PT-PS)+Ttimeout(PI-PS)]rd/SB

Simplified TCP Power Model

Drop the power consumption caused by ACKs
Scenario 1:
P(rd) = PI + (PR-PI)rd/rmax

Total energy consumption of receiving m bins:

Scenario 2:
P(rd) = PI + (PR-PS)rd/rmax+ (PI-PS)rdTtimeout/SB

Multiple TCP Flows

The number of TCP flows: n
The aggregate TCP throughput :
The throughput of the ith flow: ri
TCP download Power consumption:
Replace the rd with

Validation
Experimental Setup

Probability

Internet flow characteristics

1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0

30

60

90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300

Packet Interval (ms)

Nokia
N810

HTC G1

Nokia N95

Downlink burst size (KB)

Downlink burst duration (ms)

Uplink burst duration (ms)

8
0.5

10
0.5

10
0.35

Uplink burst size (KB)

Uplink burst duration (ms)
Downlink burst duration (ms)

Nokia
N810
4
6
0.1

HTC G1
4
8
0.1

Nokia
N95
4
12
0.2

WNI operating mode

Power consumption in different operating mode
WNI operating mode

Average Power (W)

Nokia N810

HTC G1

Nokia N95

IDLE

0.884

0.650

1.038

SLEEP

0.042

0.068

0.088

TRANSMIT

1.258

1.097

1.687

RECEIVE

1.181

0.900

1.585

Nokia N810
Download, PSM

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

0.8
0.6
0.4

Measured

0.2

Estimated

0.0
0

Avg Power(W)

Avg Power(W)

Download, CAM

0.8
0.6
0.4

Measured

0.2

Estimated

0.0
0

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

32

Estimated
0

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

Upload, PSM

1.2
Avg Power(W)

Avg Power(W)

Upload, CAM

Measured

96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

Data rate limit(KB/s)

1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

64

1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4

Measured
Estimated

0.2
0.0
0

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

HTC G1

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8

Avg Power(W)

Avg Power(W)

TCP Download

0.6
0.4
0.2

Measured

Estimated

TCP Upload

0.6
0.4
Measured
0.2

Estimated

0.0

0.0
0

32

64

96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

32

64

96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

Nokia N95
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Measured
Estimated
0

Avg Power(W)

Avg Power(W)

Download, CAM

Download, PSM

1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Measured
Estimated
Refined
0

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Measured
Estimated
0

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Data rate limit(KB/s)

Upload, PSM
Avg Power(W)

Avg Power(W)

Upload, CAM
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

Measured
Estimated
Refined
0

32 64 96 128 160 192 224 256

Data Rate Limit(KB/s)

Accuracy
Download cases

Upload cases

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8
F(MAPE)

F(MAPE)

0.6
0.4
0.2

0.6
0.4
0.2

0.0
0

0.1

0.2
0.3
MAPE

0.4

0.5

0.0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35
MAPE

MAE: less than 0.068394W

MAE: less than 0.055923W

MAPE: less than 6.7724%.

MAPE: less than 5.7599%

Runtime Power Estimation

File size: 8.9MB

Average data rate: 33.5KB/s
Measured: 276.433 J
Estimated: 245.888
MAPE: 11%

Probability

YouTube
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.01

0.1

10

100

1000

10000

Packet Intervals(ms) in Logarithmic Scale base 10

Discussion and Future Work

Runtime Power Estimation
Network simulation
Energy-efficient network transmission

Conclusion
Usage of WNI

Internet flow characteristics

(e.g. network throughput)
Traffic pattern
(e.g. Burstiness)

WNI operating mode

802.11 Power Saving Mode

Thank you! Questions?

Contact:
Yu Xiao
Yu.xiao@tkk.fi
POBox 15400, Aalto University
Konemiehentie 2, Espoo, Finland