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CHARACTERISTICS
The body of bryophytes is known
as thallus
Bryphytes have rhizoids which
serve primarily for anchorage rather
than absorption.
Mosses have a transport system
consisting of water conducting cells
called hydroids and food
conducting cells called leptoids.
Bryophytes gametophytes have
gamete-bearing structures known as
gametangia. Male gametophytes are
called as antheridia and the female
gametophytes are called archegonia
More horizontal and have a
flattened appearance than those of
most mosses.
Have thin flat leaves
Conspicuous horn-shaped
sporophyte
Hornwort gametophyte is often
shapedl ike a rumpled, green sheet
SIGNIFICANCE
REPRESENTATIVES
Marchantia species
Peat moss
Granite moss or rock moss
Tmesipteris
Phylum Lycophyta
3 Orders
Lycopodiales
Selaginellales
Isoetales
CHARACTERISTICS
SIGNIFICANCE
REPRESENTATIVES
Whisk ferns
Club mosses
Tree ferns
Spike mosses,
Quilworts
Phylum Sphenophyta
Phylum Pterophyta
GYMNOSPERM
Phylum Coniferophyta
Homosporous
Contains silica on their epidermal
cells
CHARACTERISTICS
Leaves are simple rather than
compound and are borne singly or
in clusters called fascicles.
Sporophylls occur in cones.
SIGNIFICANCE
The most common gymnosperms.
Includes the worlds tallest and
largest plants.
Consist of 50 genera of trees with
approximately 550 species.
2nd largest group of gymnosperm
Consist of 11 genera and 140
species.
The only living species of the
phylum ginkgoohyta is the
maidenhair tree.
Phylum Cycadophyta
Phylum Ginkgophyta
Phylum Gnetophyta
3 genera
Ephedra
Gnetum
Welwitschia
Horsetails
Ferns
REPRESENTATIVES
Redwoods, Sequoia, larch, Cypress
Cycad trees
Maidenhair tree
Consist of 30 species
Welwitschia mirabilis
ANGIOSPERMS
Monoecious
species that have unisexual
(imperfect) flowers
lack either stamen or
pistil/carpels
each plant having staminate
(male) and carpellate (female)
flower
Dioecious
have staminate and carpellate
flowers on separate plants
Division of Angiosperms
CHARACTERISTICS
Have dominant sporophyte and
dependent gametophyte
Self Pollination and cross-pollination
is common
b. Orchidaceae (orchids)
c. Asteraceae (daisies)
d. Fabaceae (legumes)
e. Cucurbitaceae (gourd family)
REPRESENTATIVES
Anthophyta
Several Families that illustrate
diversity of floral structures
a. Poaceae (grasses)
SIGNIFICANCE
Oryza sativa
Largest family
Phragmipedium kovachii
KINGDOM MONERA
CHARACTERISTICS
SIGNIFICANCE
REPRESENTATIVES
Prokaryotes
Characteristic shapes:
a) Coccus spherical or round
Unicellular organisms with
b) Bacillus rod or cylindrical
diverse characteristics
c) Spirillum curved or spiral
Bacteria
photosynthetic- use CO2
o
Category (based on cell wall
Nitrogen fixing
o
structure):
Cause a variety of
o
a. Gram-positive bacteria
diseases both in plants and
thick cell wall
man
b. Gram-negative bacteria
Have many uses in the
o
thin cell wall.
industry, medicine and
Photosynthetic bacteria
biotechnology
c. Mycoplasmas no cell wall
Viruses
Complexes of nucleic acid and
protein that reproduce inside cells
3 families of viruses:
a. Potyviruses
Rod-shaped viruses
o
Cause a number of
o
mosaic diseases of
crop plants
b. Waikaviruses and
badnaviruses- cause diseases
in cereals (Tungro)
Cadang-cadang: a viroid disease of
Coconut plants in the Philippines
Viroids
Are infectious RNA molecules
KINGDOM PROTISTA
Algae
Distinguished by their
photosynthetic pigments and
other characteristics
UNICELLULAR ALGAE/COLONIAL
ALGAE
Phytoplankton collection of
microscopic, photosynthetic pigments
that float freely on oceans and lakes
Divisions of Unicellular Algae
a. Euglenophyta
Pellicle
Helical bands of protein
o
that is a supporting
structure lying beneath
b. Dinophyta
Reproduction is by mitosis
Some nonphotosynthetic
May produce nerve toxins
Flagellated
Zooxanthellae photosynthetic in
nature and live symbiotically with
sponges, seanemones, corals etc.
Euglonoids elaborately
differentiated cells with one or two
flagella (locomotion)
Euglena has flexible pellicle
Dinoflagellates
Gonyaulux
Produces saxitoxin which is
lethal to humans
c. Bacillariophyta
Silica-silicon dioxide
Daitoms
d. Xanthophyta
Yellow-green algae
Vaucheria grows on rocks on
intertidal zones
e. Chrysophyta
Golden-brown algae
Synura
f. Cryptophyta
Flagella with hairs
Ejectiosomes tightly coiled
proteins
g. Prymnesiophyta
Coccoliths covering plates
made of calcium carbonate.
Haptonema movable filament
used to attach to surface of cells
for food
MULTICELLULAR ALGAE - seaweeds
a. Phaeophyta
Fucoxanthin a carotenoid
pigment that gives them the
brown or olive color
Thallus plantlike body of kelps
b. Rhodophyta
Phycobilins and carotenoids
give color
c. Chlorophyta
KINGDOM MYCETEAE
Cryptomonaus
Haptopytes
Phaeocystis
Dimethylsulfide (phaeocystis)
nucleus for cloud condensation
Kelps Brown algae
Red Algae
Halosaccion blue-green or olive
Rhodymenia pseudopalmata
Chandrus crispus
Green Algae
Chlorella
Volvox
Acetabularia
Cephaleuros
Chytridiomycetes
Allomyces abuscula
c. Ascomycota
St. Anthonys Fire (ergotism)
symptoms:
Hallucination, disorientation,
cramps, convulsions and may
result to death
Zygomycetes
Rhizopus stolonifer black bread
mold that grow in moist,
carbohydrate rich foods.
Ascomycetes
Edible species:
Truffles and morel
Basidiomycetes
Mushrooms edible species
Toadstools inedible species
Agaricus brunnescens common
grocery store and pizza mushroom
Poisonous Mushrooms:
Death Cap (Amanita phalloides)
Destroying Angel (Amanita vitrosa)