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MECH 344/M
Machine Element Design

Time: M _ _ _ _14:45 - 17:30

Lecture 1

Contact Details
Instructor: Dr. S. Narayanswamy
Office Room: EV 004.124
Phone: 848-2424 (7923)
Office Hours: _ _ W _ _ 14:00 16:00 or by appointment
e-mail: nrskumar@encs.concordia.ca

Web site: http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~nrskumar

About the course

This course covers the basic principles employed in the

design of standard mechanical components subjected

to operating force and moment fields

Lectures - 3 hours each

13 Lectures of all - one is an introductory lecture

Midterm test

2 Term Tests

Final exam

Class logistics

3 Continuous teaching hours/week --W-14:45 17:30 @ H 561

13 lectures + Midterm + Final

Course Web Page

http://users.encs.concordia.ca/~nrskumar

Text book and other reference

TEXTBOOK

Machine Design An Integrated Approach Robert L. Norton, PrenticeHall Inc., Fourth Edition, 2011

REFERENCES
1. J. E. Shigley, C. R. Mischke and R. G. Budynas, Mechanical
Engineering Design, Ninth Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2010.
2. M. F. Spotts, T. E. Shoup and L. E. Hornberger, Design of Machine
Elements, Eighth Edition, Prentice-Hall, 2004.
3. R. C. Juvinall and K. M. Marshek, Fundamentals of Machine
Component and Design, Fourth Edition, Wiley, 2006.
4. B. J. Hamrock, S. R. Schmid and B. Jacobson, Fundamentals of
Machine Elements, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2005

The Tutorial

There will be 1 and half hour tutorial on Tuesdays

and Thursdays for different sections

There will be TAs who will provide more details on

the problem solving

Attending tutorials is necessary as this will help in

preparing you for the exams

Term Tests

There will be two term tests in all during the term

The tests will be for 30 minutes on the 5th and 11th week during
lecture hours

Test #1: Monday February 4, 2013 (Closed book) - 10%

Test #2: Monday March 25, 2013 (Open Book-textbook only) - 10%

Material covered for each test will be given in class one week prior

to the date of the test (definitely not by email)

Midterm test

Will be held during a common tutorial section on

the week of 4th March 2013 on a day acceptable to
majority of the class.

Time and venue will be given closer to the exam

Duration of the test will be 75 Minutes

Open Book-textbook only

20% weightage towards final grade

Grading Scheme

Grade composition:

Two Term Tests :

20%

Midterm:

20%

Final:

60%

To pass the course you have to

Pass the final

Attend the term tests as well as midterm and get good marks

Final Test

The final exam will have problems similar to the ones in

tutorials

Conducted during the university wide exam period

Duration of the test: 3 hours.

Write the final exam with confidence that you will do

very well

It is IMPERATIVE to pass the final to pass the course

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General Notes

In order to pass the course you have to obtain at least 50%

of mark from the Final Exam.

Electronic communication devices (including cell phones)

are not allowed in examination rooms.

Only Faculty Approved Calculators will be allowed in

examination rooms.

In the event of extraordinary circumstances beyond the

University's control, the content and/or evaluation scheme
in this course is subject to change

Contents of today's lecture

Introduction
Machine Design
Design Process
Safety Factors

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Whatever area you will choose

This course is fundamental.

Outline of the course

9-Jan-12

week 1 Introduction to Design: Machine Design, Design Process and Safety Factors

16-Jan-12

week 2

23-Jan-12

week 3

30-Jan-12

week 4

6-Feb-12

week 5

13-Feb-12

week 6

Fundamental Topics from Mechanics of Materials: Beam Loading; Stress; Strain; Principal
Stresses; Plane Stress and Plane Strain; Mohrs Circle; Applied versus Principal Stresses; Direct
Shear Stress; Bearing Stress and Tearout; Beams and Bending Stresses; Deflection in Beams; Torsion;
Combined Stresses; Stresses in Cylinders
Static Failure Theories: Failure of Ductile Materials under Static Loading; Failure of Brittle
Materials under Static Loading
Fatigue Failure Theories: Mechanism of Fatigue Failure; Fatigue Failure Models and MachineDesign Considerations; Fatigue Loads; Measuring Fatigue Failure Criteria; Estimating Fatigue
Failure Criteria; Notches and Stress Concentrations; Fatigue Failure Theories; Designing for High
Cycle Fatigue; Designing for Fully Reversed Uniaxial Stresses; Designing for Fluctuating Uniaxial
Stresses; Designing for Multiaxial Stresses in Fatigue
Design of Shafts and Keys: Shaft Loads; Attachments and Stress Concentrations; Shaft Materials;
Shaft Power; Shaft Loads; Shaft Stresses; Shaft Failure in Combined Loading; Shaft Design; Keys
and Keyways; Interference Fits; Critical Speeds of Shafts (Lateral Vibration of Shafts and BeamsRayleighs Method; Shaft Whirl)
Design of Spur Gears: Gear Tooth Nomenclature; Loading on Spur Gears; Bending and Surface
Stresses in Spur Gears; Bending- and Surface- Fatigue Strengths for Gear Materials

27-Feb-12

week 7

5-Mar-12

week 8

12-Mar-12
19-Mar-12

week 9 Design of Screws and Fasteners: Standard Thread Forms; Power Screws; Stresses in Threads;
Strengths of Standard Bolts and Machines Screws; Preloaded Fasteners in Tension under Static and
week 10 Dynamic Loading; Determining the Joint Stiffness Factor; Controlling Preload; Fasteners in Shear

26-Mar-12

week 11

Design of Springs: Spring Rate; Spring Configurations; Spring Materials; Helical Compression
Springs; Designing Helical Compression Springs for Static and Fatigue Loadings

2-Apr-12

Design of Journal and Rolling-Element Bearings: Lubricants; Viscosity; Types of Lubrication;

week 12 Hydrodynamic Lubrication; Design of Hydrodynamic Bearings using Design Charts; Rolling
Element Bearings; Failure of Rolling-Element Bearings; Selection of Rolling-Element Bearings

10-Apr-12

week 13 Review

1,2,3
4

10

12

15

14

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Engineering design is the process of applying the various
techniques and scientific principles for the purpose of defining a
device, a process, or a system in sufficient detail to permit its
realization.

A Machine is:
(1) An apparatus consisting of interrelated units, or
(2) A device that modifies force or motion
A Structure has no moving parts, e.g. bridges, buildings.

 A machine is a device that

transforms energy
Has fixed and moving parts
Connects the source of power and
the work to be done
In case of motor and generator
electricity is converted to mechanical
movement and vice versa
In IC engine, connecting rod and
crank shaft transfers energy

The design process

Design involves constrained creation
Constraints:
Technology limits
Human and environment concerns
Durability and reliability
Cost
Market requirements
Etc.

The design process

REPRESENTATION
Basic requirements to be able to
PERCEPTION
perform a design
KNOWLEDGE
All the above interacts in your
judgment even if you are not
INTUITION
aware of it
CONCEPT
You have to train your judgment
PURE CONCEPT
to be able to perform solutionEMPIRICAL CONCEPT solving based thinking
NOTION

IDEA

The design process

A design is created after analysis, full
understanding of requirements and
constraints and synthesis
Two individuals may not come with the
same solution to the same problem
Example: Connect two straight pipes ND 4 to
avoid leaking of the gas and to permit easy
maintenance of the segment

Solutions to the problem

Multiple: flanges, clips, clamps, seals, etc.

1. Problem Defn.
2. Concept and
ideas

The design process

3. Solutions
4. Models/Prototype
5. Production and
working drawings

Concurrent engineering
approach

The design process

A Component !

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Factor of Safety N =
Material Strength
Design Load

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Cast iron has C between 2.1% to 4% and Si between 1% and 3%

C contents less than 2.1% are steels.

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For ductile materials, tensile strength is usually equal to compressive strength,

and therefore, they are called even materials.
Brittle materials have higher compressive strengths than tensile strengths, and
are therefore called uneven materials.

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Stress-strain curves are not generated because the stress distribution is

not uniform across the cross-sectional area.
The tensile tests stress-strain curve is used to predict bending stresses
Bending stress is tensile on the convex side of the bent beam, and
compressive on the concave side of the bent beam.

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STATIC FORCE ANALYSIS

We know that F = Ma
And M = I
Fx = Max
Fy = May
Fz = Maz

Mx = Ix
My = Iy
Mz = Iz

In case of static situation, angular and linear acceleration is not present

so
Fx = 0
Fy = 0
Fz = 0

Mx = 0
My = 0
Mz = 0

In case of 2d analysis, where 3D system motions are in one plane or

parallel planes then
Fx = 0,
Fy = 0 , and Mz = 0

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Singularity Functions in beam loadings

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Load distribution

Function

Formula

Conditions
= 0, x a

Quadratically distributed
Unit parabolic function
load

= (x a)2, x > a
= 0, x a

Linearly distributed load

Unit ramp function

= (x a), x > a
= 0, x < a

Uniformly distributed load

Unit step function

= undefined, x = a
= 1, x > a

= 0, x < a
Concentrated load

Unit impulse function

= , x = a
= 0, x > a
= 0, x < a

Concentrated moment

Unit doublet function

= indeterminate, x = a

= 0, x > a

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Integrals of singularity functions

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