EESFUNCTIONS,PROCEDURES,andNOMENCLATURE

BasedonSETPSecondEdition(2ndPrinting)
Duffie&Beckman
September2001
Thenomenclatureinthesefunctionsandproceduresisclosetothatinthebook.Wheredifferencesarenecessaryorareconvenient,obvious
variablenameshavebeenused,suchasDecfordeclination.Therearetwoexceptionsinthematterofstyle.First:EESdoesnotallow
subscriptsinvariablenames,sotheyareindicatedasinthefollowingexamples:I_TissubstitutedforI T,R_bforRb,I_zeroforIo,and
A_cforAc,etc.Second:Variablesthatareratioscannotbeshownwithaslash"/"asitdenotesadivisionoperation;thereverseslashis
usedinvariablenamesthatareratios,suchas:FR`\FRforF`R_/FR,andI_d\IforthediffusefractionId/I.
Units:Unitsofallangleinputsandoutputsaredegrees.UnitsoftemperatureinputsandoutputsareindegreesCelsiusunlessotherwise
noted.Unitsofalllineardimensionsaremetersunlessotherwisespecified.Otherunitsarespecifiedinthelastcolumnofthetable.Be
surethatUnitSystemintheEESOptionsmenushowsSI,MassBasis,Degrees,kPa,andCelsius.
Functionnames:Youmayseepartoralloffunctionnamesinmixedupperandlowercaseorinuppercaseonly.Itmakesnodifference;
EESdoesnotdistinguishbetweenupperandlowercase.
Chapter1FunctionsandProcedures
Equation
FUNCTION

Comments

Units
1.5.3

EqnTime_(n)

EquationofTime

T1.6.1

AveDay_(Month)

Averagedayofthemonth

Monthsare1to12

T1.6.1

NumDay_(Month)

Numberofdaysinmonth

Monthsare1to12

T1.6.1

nDay_(Month,Day)

Dayoftheyeargivenmonthandday

1.6.1

Dec_(n)

Declination

1.6.2

cosIncAng_(Lat,n,HrAng,Slope,SurfAzAng)

IncidenceAngleforanysurface@

1.6.5

cosZenAng_(Lat,n,HrAng)

ZenithAngle@

1.6.6

SolAzAng_(Lat,n,HrAng)

SolarAzimuthAngle
Functions&Procedures1

1.6.10

SunsetHrAng_(Lat,n)

Sunsethourangle

1.7.2a

cosIncAngEW_(Lat,n,HrAng)

IncidenceangleonEWone
axistracker@

1.7.3a

cosIncAngNS_(Lat,n,HrAng)

IncidenceangleonNSone
axistracker@

1.7.4a

cosIncAngVert_(Lat,n,HrAng,Slope)

Incidenceangleonvertical
oneaxistracker@

1.8.1

R_beam_(Lat,n,HrAng,Slope,SurfAzAng)

Ratioofbeamontiltedto
beamonhorizontalsurface,
anysurfaceorientation

1.8.1

R_beamP_(Lat,n,HrAng,Slope,SurfAzAng:IncAng,
ZenAng,R_beam)

Ratioofbeamontiltedto
beamonhorizontalsurface,
anysurfaceorientation,alsoreturns
incidenceandzenithangles

Angles

ANGLES_(Lat,n,HrAng,Slope,SurfAzAng:Dec,
CosIncAng,CosZenAng,R_beam,SunSetHrAng,
DayLength)

ThisPROCEDUREreturns
valuesofangles(cosines)for
checkingintermediateresults

DayLengthhr

1.10.3

H_zero_(n,Lat)

Daysextraterrestrialradiation
onhorizontalsurface

H_zeroMJ/m2

1.10.4

I_zero_(n,Lat,HrAng1,HrAng2)

Extraterrestrialradiationon
I_zeroMJ/m2
horizontalsurfacebetween
hourangles1and2.IfT1orT2is
beforesunriseitissettosunrise;ifT1
orT2isaftersunsetitissettosunset.
Chapter2FunctionsandProcedures

2.10.1

I_diff\I_(k_T)

Hoursdiffusefractionby
Erbscorrelation

2.11.1

H_diff\H_(Lat,n,K_T_)

DaysdiffusefractionbyErbs
correlation

Functions&Procedures2

2.12.1

H_diffbar\Hbar_(Lat,n,K_Tbar)

Monthlyaveragediffuse
fractionbyErbscorrelation

2.13.2

r_t_(HrAng,Lat,n)

Fractionofdaystotalradiation
inanhour.IfHrAngexceeds
SunSetHrAng,r_tisset=0.

2.13.4

r_d_(HrAng,Lat,n)

Fractionofdaysdiffuse
radiationinanhour.IfHrAng>
SunSetHrAng,r_disset=0.

2.15.1

I_T_LJ_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,HrAng)

Hour_sradiationontilted
surface,Liu&Jordanmodel

IMJ/m2

2.15.1

I_T_LJp_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,
HrAng:I_Tbeam_LJ,I_Tdiff_LJ,I_TgrRef_LJ,
I_T_LJp,CosIncAng)

ThisPROCEDUREreturns
thethreecomponentsofand
thetotalincidentradiationand
IncAngofbeamonthe
surface(See2.15.1above)

IMJ/m2

2.16.4

I_T_HD_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,HrAng)

Hoursradiationontilted
surface,Hay&Daviesmodel

IMJ/m2

2.16.7

I_T_HDKR_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,HrAng) Hoursradiationontilted
surface,Hay,Davies,
Klucher,Reindl(HDKR)model

IMJ/m2

2.16.7

I_T_HDKRp_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,
HrAng:I_Tbeam_HDKR,I_Tdiff_HDKR,
I_TGrRef_HDKR,I_T_HDKRp,cosINCANG)

ThisPROCEDUREreturns
thecomponentsandtotal
hoursradiationontilted
surface,usingtheHDKR
model.(See2.16.7above)

IMJ/m2

2.19.1

H_bar_T_LJ_(H_bar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef)

Monthlyaveragedailyradiation
H_barMJ/m2
ontiltedsurfaceusingLiu&Jordan
model,forsouthfacingsurfaces

2.19.1

H_bar_T_LJp_(H_bar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef:
H_bar_Tbeam_LJ,H_bar_Tdiff_LJ,H_bar_TGrRef_LJ,
H_bar_T_LJp)

ThisPROCEDUREdoesthe
samecalculationsas
FUNCTION2.19.1andalso
returnsintermediatevalues.

Functions&Procedures3

H_barMJ/m2

2.19.3

R_bar_beam_(Lat,Slope,n)

Monthlyaverageratioofbeam
ontiltedtohorizontalsurfaces
usingLiu&Jordanmodelfor
surfacesslopedtowardequator.

2.20.4

H_bar_T_KT_(Hbar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef)

Monthlyaveragedailyradiation
onaslopedsurfaceusingKlein&
Theilackermodel

H_barMJ/m2

2.20.4

H_bar_T_KTp_(Hbar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef:
H_bar_Tbeam_KT,H_bar_Tdiff_KT,
H_bar_TGrRef_KT,H_bar_T_KTp)

ThisPROCEDUREdoesthe
samecalculationsasFunction
2.20.4,andalsoreturns
intermediatevalues
I_bar_T_(Hbar,Lat,Month,HrAng,Slope,SurfAzAng, Monthlyaveragehourlyradiation
GrRef)
onslopedsurfacefrommonthly
averagedailyradiation.

H_barMJ/m2

2.23.4

I_bar_TP_(Hbar,Lat,Month,HrAng,Slope,SurfAzAng, Monthlyaveragehourlyradiation
GrRef:I_bar_T,I_bar_Tbeam,I_bar_Tdiff,
onslopedsurfacefrommonthly
I_bar_Tground)
averagedailyradiation.Also
returnsbeam,diffuse,and
groundreflectedcomponents

I_barMJ/m2

2.24.4

Phi_Bar_(H_bar,n,Lat,Slope,GrRef,I_Tc)

H_barMJ/m2;
I_Tc=W/m2

2.24.4

Phi_Bar_P_(Hbar,n,Lat,Slope,GrRef,I_Tc:K_Tbar,Rbar, ThisPROCEDUREdoesthesame
R_beam_n,R_noon,X_cbar,PhiBar)
calculationsasFunction2.24.4and
alsoreturnsintermediatevalues

2.23.4

Dailyutilizability,basedon
theLiu&Jordanmodelfor
averageradiationonasouth
slopedsurface

I_barMJ/m2

H_barMJ/m2;
I_Tc=W/m2

Chapters3and4FunctionsandProcedures
3.6.3

BlBodyFract_(WavelengthTemp)

Fractionofblackbody
radiationatwavelengthsless
thanthatcorrespondingtothe
WavelengthTempproduct
Functions&Procedures4

WavelengthTemp,mK

3.9.2

SkyTemp_(T_amb,T_dp,HrAng)

Equivalentblackbodysky
temperature

3.10.2

RadHtTrCoeff_(T1,T2,Emitt1,Emitt2)

Linearizedradiationheat
transfercoefficientforparallel
platesorbodyinacavity

3.11.4

NUflatplate_(Slope,T1,T2,PlateSp)

Nusseltnumberfornatural
convectioninenclosedspace
parallelplates
hfiW/m2K

3.14.14 hfi_(m_dot,D,L,Fluid$,T,P)

Insideheattransfercoefficient
forroundtube

3.14.14 Nusselt_InternalTube(Re#, Pr#, L, D, bulk, wall)

Similar to above but with

somewhat better correlations

3.15.1

WindCoeff_fs_(WindSp,Length,Width,T_amb)

Windconvectioncoefficient
forFreeStandingcollectors

WindSpm/s;

3.15.10

WindCoeff_fm_(WindSp,BldgVol)

Windconvectioncoefficient
forFlushMountedcollectors

BldgVolm3

3.16.5

PresDrop_(Length,MassVel,PartDiam,T)

Pressuredropofairacross
packedbedstoreusing
Dunkle&Ellulcorrelation

Lengthm,
MassVelkg/m2s,
TKorC

3.17.6

HX_(Type$,P,C_1,C_2,Return$)

ReturnsHXeffectivenessif
Return$=epsilonandP=Ntu
orNtuifReturn$=Ntuand
P=effectiveness.

C_1andC_2J/kgC;
Type$=counterflow,
parallelflow,Shell&Tube_N,
(seeHelpforotheroptions)

4.11.1

Abs\Abs_n_(IncAng)

Ratioofabsorptancetoabsorptance
atnormalincidence.

4.12.1

ABS_eff_(Abs_n,Area_ap,Area_In)

Effectiveabsorptanceofa
cavitywithnocover(window)

Functions&Procedures5

Areasm2

Chapter5FunctionsandProcedures
5.1.14

TransInterface_(IncAng,RefrInd)

Transmittanceofahalfcover,
consideringreflectionatoneinterface

5.1.14
5.2.2

TransHalfCov_(IncAng,KL,RefrInd)

Transmittanceofahalfcover,
consideringreflectionatoneinterface
andabsorptioninthecover

5.1.14
5.2.2

TransHalfCovP_(IncAng,KL,RefrInd:TransHalfCov, PROCEDUREdoessamecalculations
Surf_Ref,TransCover_Abs,Angle_refrac)
asTransHalfCov_;alsoreturnssurface
reflectance,absorptionincover,andthe
Angleofrefraction

5.3.4

TransIncAng_(Ncov,IncAng,KL,RefrInd)

TransmittanceofNcovcoversfor
radiationincidentatIncAng
usingtheapproximatemethod

5.4.1

IncAngEffGrRef_(Slope)

Effectiveincidenceangleof
groundreflectedradiation

5.4.2

IncAngEffDiff_(Slope)

Effectiveincidenceangleof
diffuseradiation

5.5.1

TauAlphaProd_(Ncov,IncAng,KL,RefrInd,Alpha_n)
Fig5.6.1

Returnstransmittance
absorptanceproduct.

5.9.1

S_T_LJ_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,HrAng,
Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n)

Hoursabsorbedradiationon
slopedsurfaceusingLiu&Jordan
modelforsouthfacingsurfaces.

IMJ/m2**

5.9.1

S_T_LJp_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,HrAng,
Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n:S_T_LJ_,S_T_LJbeam,
S_T_LJdiff,S_T_LJGrRef)

ThisPROCEDUREdoessame
calculationsasabove;alsoreturns
threecomponentsofS_T.

IMJ/m2**

Hoursabsorbedradiationon
slopedsurfaceusingtheHDKR
modelforsouthfacingsurfaces

IMJ/m2**

5.9.1(HDKR)
S_T_HDKR_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,
HrAng,Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n)

Functions&Procedures6

5.9.1(HDKR)
S_T_HDKRp_(I,Lat,n,Slope,SurfAzAng,GrRef,
HrAng,Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n:S_T_HDKR,
S_T_HDKRbeam,S_T_HDKRdiff,S_T_HDKRGrRef)

ThisPROCEDUREdoessame
calculationsasabove;alsoreturns
threecomponentsofS_T

IMJ/m2**

5.10.2

S_bar_T_LJ_(H_bar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef,
IncAngEffBeam,Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n)

Monthlyaveragedailyabsorbed
radiationforsouthfacingsurfaces
usingLiu&Jordan.Enter
IncAngEffBeamfromFig5.10.1

HbarMJ/m2**

5.10.2

S_bar_T_LJp_(H_bar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef,
IncAngEffBeam,Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n:
S_bar_T_beam_LJ,S_bar_T_diff_LJ,
S_bar_T_GrRef_LJ,S_bar_T_LJ)

ThisPROCEDUREdoessame
calculationsastheFunction5.10.2
butalsoreturnsvaluesofthethree
components

HbarMJ/m2**

Pg239

S_bar_T_KT_(H_bar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef,
IncAngEffBeam,Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n)

SamecalculationsasFunction
HbarMJ/m2**
5.10.2butbasedonKlein
Theilacker.Seelastpara.,page239

Pg239

S_bar_T_KTp_(H_bar,Lat,n,Slope,GrRef,
IncAngEffBeam,Ncov,KL,RefrInd,Abs_n:
S_bar_T_beam_KT,S_bar_T_diff_KT,
S_bar_T_GrRef_KT,S_bar_T_KT)

ThisPROCEDUREdoessame
calculationsastheFunction5.10.2
basedonKleinTheilacker.

HbarMJ/m2**

Chapter6FunctionsandProcedures
6.4.9

U_top_(T_pl,T_amb,Slope,WindCoeff,Emitt,Ncov)

Approximatesolutionfor
collectortoplosscoefficient

WindCoeffW/m2K

6.5.18

CollEffFact_(U_L,Cond_pl,Thick_pl,TubeSp,
TubeDiam,BondCond,h_fi)

Calculatescollectorplate
efficiencyfactorF_

U_L,h_fiW/m2C;
Cond_plW/mC
BondCondW/mC

6.7.5

F_R_(MassFR,C_p,A_c,U_L,CollEffFact)

Calculatescollectorheat
removalfactorFR

MassFRkg/s;C_pJ/kgC;
U_LW/m2C;A_cm2#

6.7.6

Q_u_(A_c,F_R,S,U_L,T_in,T_amb)

Calculatescollectoruseful
gainusingT_inandFR

A_cm2;U_LW/m2C;
SMJ/m2##

6.9.2

T_fl_m_(T_in,Q_u,A_c,F_R,F",U_L)

Calculatesmeanfluid
temperature

Q_uMJ;A_cm2;
U_LW/m2C###

Functions&Procedures7

6.9.4

T_pl_m_(T_in,Q_u,A_c,F_R,U_L)

Calculatesmeanplate
temperature

Q_uMJ;A_cm2;
U_LW/m2C###

Chapters10FunctionsandProcedures
10.2.3

FR`\FR_(A_c,FrUl,m_dot_c,c_p_c,m_dot_tk,
c_p_tk,epsilon_CHX)

Calculatescollectorheatexchanger
correctionfactor

m_dotkg/s
c_pJ/kgC

10.3.9

AbsorbRatio_(U_d,A_out,m_dot_c_c,c_p_c)

Calculatescorrectionfactorto
absorbedradiationtoaccountfor
pipe/ductlosses

m_dotkg/s
c_pJ/kgC

10.3.10

LossRatio_(U_d,A_in,A_out,A_c,FrUl,m_dot_c,
c_p_c)

Calculatescorrectionfactorto
collectorlosstoaccountforpipe/
ductlosses

m_dotkg/s
c_pJ/kgC

11.5.1

PWF_(N,inf,dis)

Calculatespresentworthfactor

infdecimal
disdecimal

11.8.1

LCS_(P1,C_F1,Load,SolFract,P2,Invest)

Calculateslifecyclesavings

11.8.2

P1_(N_e,inf_F,dis,t_bar,C)

CalculatesP1

11.8.3

P2_(m,inf,dis,N_e,N_L,N_D,PrTax,t_bar,Down,
M_s,Val,R_v,C)

CalculatesP2

11.9.12

PartialPWF\N_(N,inf,dis)

ReturnspartialofPWFw.r.t.
periodofanalysis

11.9.13

PartialPWF\inf_(N,inf,dis)

ReturnspartialofPWFw.r.t.
inflationrate

11.9.14

PartialPWF\dis_(N,inf,dis)

ReturnspartialofPWFw.r.t.
discountrate

20.2.3

XX_(FrUl,FR`\FR,T_ref,T_bar_a,Time,A_c,Load)

Calculatesdimensionlessloss
ratioXinfChartmethod

20.2.4

YY_(Frta,FR\FR,ta_bar\ta_n,H_bar_T,Ndom,A_c,
Load)

Calculatesdimensionless
absorbedradiationYinfChart
method.

Functions&Procedures8

20.3.1

SolFract_L_(FrUl,F_R_\F_R,T_ref,T_bar_a,Time,
A_c,Load,Frta_n,ta_bar\ta_n,H_bar_T,Ndom,
StoreCap,LoadHXEff,C_min,UA_h)

20.4.1

SolFract_A_(FrUl,FR`\FR,T_ref,T_bar_a,Time,A_c, Calculatesmonth`ssolarfraction
Load,Frta_n,tabar\ta_n,H_bar_T,Ndom,StoreCap,
includingcorrectionforstoragecap
AirFlRate)
(Eq.20.4.3)andairflowrate
(Eq20.4.2)forairsystem

20.5.1

SolFract_HW_(FrUl,FR`\FR,T_ref,T_bar_a,Time,
Calculatesmonth_ssolarfraction
A_c,Load,Frta_n,tabar\ta_n,H_bar_T,Ndom,StoreCap, includingcorrectionforstoragecap
T_set,T_mains)
(Eq.20.3.2)andsetandmains
watertempsforhotwatersystem

Notes:

Calculatesmonth_ssolarfraction
includingcorrectionforstoragecap
(Eq.20.3.2)andloadHXsize
(Eq20.3.3)forliquidsystem

Iftheradiationisnotincidentonthesurface(i.e.,thesunisbehindthesurfaceorbelowthehorizon)thefunctionreturns
cosineofincidenceangle=0(orincidenceangle=90degrees).
** ThesefunctionsallowuseofNcov=0.5;thisisusefulforPVmodulecalculationswherethereisnoreflectionlossfrom
thebackofthecover.
#
m_dotandA_cmustbeenteredonsamebasis.
## Q_uwillbeonsamebasisasA_c.
### Q_uandA_cmustbeenteredonthesamebasis.

Functions&Procedures9