Sheet (3)

1. The air leakage into condenser operating in conjunction with .a steam turbine is
estimated at 38 kg per hour. The vacuum near the outlet to the air pump is 72.4 cm
(barometer 76 em) and the temperature at this point is
20C. Determine:
1. the minimum capacity of the air-pump.
2. the mass of vapour extracted with the air per minute. Given: Vapour pressure
corresponding to 20C = 0.0226 bar Specific volume = 60.86 m3/kg.
2. A closed vessel of 0.68 m3 capacity contains saturated water vapour and air at a
temperature of 40.5C and a pressure of 0.11 bar. Due to air leakage into vessel, the pressure
rises to 0.22 bar and the temperature falls to 36.8C. Calculate the mass of air which has
leaked in.
3. In a condenser test, the following observations were made,
Vacuum = 79.1 em of mercury
Barometer = 76.3 em of mercury
Mean temperature of condensation = 35C
Hot well temperature = 29C
Amount of cooling water = 46,270 kg per hr
Inlet temperature of cooling water = 16.75C
Outlet temperature of cooling water = 31.15C
Amount of condensate = 1188 kg per hr
Determine:
1. the amount of air. present per m3 of condenser volume
2. the state of steam entering the condenser.
3. the vacuum efficiency
4. In a condenser, a section of the tubes near to the air pump sumo is screened off so that the
air is cooled to a temperature below that of th. condensate, separate extraction pumps being
provided to deal with air an condensate respectively. 6800 kg per hour. The temperature of
the exhaust steam is 32.3C, the temperature of the condensate is 31C and the temperature at
the air pump section is 26.4C Determine:
1. the amount of steam condensed in the air cooler per hour.
2. the volume of the air in m3 per hour to be handled by the air pump.
3. the percentage reduction in the air pump capacity following the cooling of the air.
5. The following observations refer to a surface condenser:
Mean temperature of condensation = 34.9C
Condenser vacuum = 29.7C
Barometer = 76 cm of Hg
Mass of cooling water = 45,450 kglhr
Inlet temperature = 16.82C
Outlet temperature = 30.9C
Mass of condensate per hr = 1178.45 kglhr Determine:
1. Amount of air present per m3 of condenser volume.

2. The state of steam entering the condenser.

6. In a condenser test, the following observations were made:
Vacuum = 715 mm of mercury
Barometer = 765 mm of mercury
Mean temperature of condensation = 34C
Hot well temperature = 29C
Inlet temperature of cooling water = 15C
Outlet temperature of cooling water = 25C Determine:
1. Vacuum corrected to standard barometer of 760 mm,
2. Undercooling efficiency
3. Undercooling of condensate
4. Condenser efficiency.
7. In a condenser, vacuum is 720 mm of Hg when the barometer reads 760 mm. Mean
temperature of condensate is 32C. Exhaust steam coming to condenser is 45,000 kg per hour
and its dryness fraction is 0.9. Determine the quantity of cooling water required if the
temperature rise of cooling water is 12 oC..