12/15/2014

DigitalTestingofHighVoltageCircuitBreakerSeminarTopicswithReportsandPPTinPDFDOCforEEEStudents

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Digital Testing of High Voltage Circuit Breaker

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INTROUCTION to Digital Testing of High Voltage Circuit Breaker
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With the advancement of power system, the lines and other equipment operate at very high voltages and carry

large currents. Highvoltage circuit breakers play an important role in transmission and distribution systems. A
circuit breaker can make or break a circuit, either manually or automatically under all conditions viz. noload,
fullload and shortcircuit conditions. The American National Standard Institute (ANSI) defines circuit breaker as: "A
mechanical switching device capable of making, carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions and
also making, carrying for a specified time, and breaking currents under specified abnormal circuit conditions such as
those of short circuit". A circuit breaker is usually intended to operate infrequently, although some types are suitable
for frequent operation.

ESSENTIAL QUALITIES OF HV CIRCUIT BREAKER

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Highvoltage circuit breaker play an important role in transmission and distribution systems. They must clear faults
and isolate faulted sections rapidly and reliably. Inshort they must possess the following qualities.
" In closed position they are good conductors.
" In open position they are excellent insulators.
" They can close a shorted circuit quickly and safely without unacceptable contact erosion.
" They can interrupt a rated shortcircuit current or lower current quickly without generating an abnormal voltage.
The only physical mechanism that can change in a short period of time from a conducting to insulating state at a
certain voltage is the arc.
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12/15/2014

DigitalTestingofHighVoltageCircuitBreakerSeminarTopicswithReportsandPPTinPDFDOCforEEEStudents

HISTORY
The first circuit breaker was developed by J.N. Kelman in 1901. It was the predecessor of the oil circuit breaker and
capable of interrupting a short circuit current of 200 to 300 Ampere in a 40KV system. The circuit breaker was made
up of two wooden barrels containing a mixture of oil and water in which the contacts were immersed. Since then the
circuit breaker design has undergone a remarkable development. Now a days one pole of circuit breaker is capable of
interrupting 63 KA in a 550 KV network with SF6 gas as the arc quenching medium.
THE NEED FOR TESTING
Almost all people have experienced the effects of protective devices operating properly. When an overload or a short
circuit occurs in the home, the usual result is a blown fuse or a tripped circuit breaker. Fortunately few have the
misfortune to see the results of a defective device, which may include burned wiring, fires, explosions, and electrical
shock.
It is often assumed that the fuses and circuit breakers in the home or industry are infallible, and will operate safely
when called upon to do so ten, twenty, or more years after their installation. In the case of fuses, this may be a safe
assumption, because a defective fuse usually blows too quickly, causing premature opening of the circuit, and forcing
replacement of the faulty component. Circuit breakers, however, are mechanical devices, which are subject to
deterioration due to wear, corrosion and environmental contamination, any of which could cause the device to
remain closed during a fault condition. At the very least, the specified time delay may have shifted so much that
proper protection is no longer afforded to devices on the circuit, or improper coordination causes a main circuit
breaker or fuse to open in an inconvenient location.
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DigitalTestingofHighVoltageCircuitBreakerSeminarTopicswithReportsandPPTinPDFDOCforEEEStudents

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