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Design the wall and hopper of a wheat silo with an internal diameter of 10 meter and with
the height of cylindrical portion of 40 m. The central hopper is supported by eight
columns monolithic with the lower walls. The Roof load ( DL = 150 kg/m2 and LL= 100
kg/m2)
Use the following parameter
f c' 350 kg / cm 2
f y 4200 kg / cm 2
800 kg / m 3
25o
' 0.444
1.5m
20m
10m
60m
40m
D= 10m
1.5m
ENGC6353
Page 1
Solution
Assume angle of response = =25
hs 5 tan 25 2.33
2
hs
3
1.5m
k 1 sin 25 0.577
4D 2
D 4 10 / 4 2.5m
H / D 40 /10 4
Overpressure Factor Cd
H / D 40 /10 4
From Table 1
upper H1
cd 1.5
R
' kY
1e
'k
7.65 t/m 2
P kq 4.42 t/m 2
Ring Tension
C d Pu D 1.85 1.7 4.42 10
69.5 ton
2
2
69.5
T
A st
use 12@12.5cm
If slip forming will be used:
A st
T
69.5
Minimum Thickness
0.0003 200 104 1680 8 35 4.42 10
sh E s f s nfct
t=
T
=7.5 cm
100f s fct
100 1680 35
2
ENGC6353
Page 2
The thickness of silo walls shall be not less than 150 mm for cast-in-place concrete.
Use Wall thickness t=20cm
Vertical Loads
V Y q R
atY 38.5
Roff
0.15 D 2 / 4
=0.15 10 4 0.375 ton / m
D
LL 0.10 10 / 4 0.25 ton / m
DL=
141.4
101 kg/cm 2
0.7 20 100
0.55 f c' 0.55 0.7 350 134.75 f c ,vert
f c ,vert
Pnw
A st 0.002 20 100 4 cm 2 /m
5.0m
3
2.5
Wg=
2 4.1 0.2 2 0.75 0.2 5.8 29.5 ton
3
Merdional forces and required reinforcing
5.8m
0.75
qy D
Wg
WL
Fmu 1.7
1.4
4sin D sin
D sin
1.5 8.45 2 4.1
84.4
29.5
Fmu 1.7
1.4
59.2 ton/m
4sin 60
2 4.1 sin 60
2 4.1 sin 60
59.2
A st
16.5cm 2 /m
0.9 4200
ENGC6353
Page 3
Hoop Reinforcement
1.5 q D
Ftu 1.7
2sin
q P sin 2 q cos 2
where P kq 0.577 8.45 4.87 t/m 2
q 4.87 sin 2 60 8.45cos 2 60 5.765t/m 2
assume ' 25
or q p n
q y tan
tan tan '
8.45 tan 30
4.67t/m 2
tan 30 tan 25
use q p n 4.67t/m 2
1.5 5.765 2 4.1
Ftu 1.7
59.6 ton/m
2sin 60
69.6
19.4 cm 2 /m
A st, hopper
0.9 4200
ENGC6353
Page 4
33cm
b1 90
a2 100
33
b 2 57
28.5
100cm
28.5
r=467cm
100
A r 6150
R=4.67m
32.9
32.9
90
x 32.9cm , y 42.3cm
a 87.2cm
b 74.5cm
M t 0.285 684 19.5 t .m
90cm
4.67
1.4
D sin
4sin D sin
W g 2.5
Fmu
1.5 8.1 10
116.5
29.5
Fmu 1.7
1.4
68.4 ton
10 sin 60
4sin 60
10 sin 60
Fx Fmu cos 68.4 cos 60 34.2ton
Fy 0.615 2.5 1.4 68.4sin 60 61.5ton
Location
Shear
Comp. Force
Bending Moment
due to Fx
due to Mt
Due to Fy
Mt due
to Fy
Support
112.5
159.4
91
69.4
Midspan
159.4
91
34.86
64.7
159.4
91
5.34
9 33 form support
ENGC6353
Page 5
Example 2
If the silos bottom in Example 1 is a circular slab with central opening on the lower walls
and carrying hopper forming concrete fill.
WL
1.3 t/m 2
10m
p=kq=4.42 t/m2
Total LL=7.65+1.3=9 t/m2
40m
b) Dead Load
5m
50cm
Wg
8.33 t/m 2
7m
By computing bending moments for slabs with no holes and reinforcing with a
steel member with adequate strength and of stiffness equal to that of removed slab.
By considering the hole and reinforcing for bending moments obtained using
tables or Timoshenko equations.
ENGC6353
Page 6
Vu
28.4 5 0.35
2 5 0.35
66 ton
From Roof, Material above the Hopper, Material in the Hopper, Hopper filling form,
Bottom Slab, Upper Wall, and Lower Wall
ENGC6353
Page 7