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Design Example 1

Design the wall and hopper of a wheat silo with an internal diameter of 10 meter and with
the height of cylindrical portion of 40 m. The central hopper is supported by eight
columns monolithic with the lower walls. The Roof load ( DL = 150 kg/m2 and LL= 100
kg/m2)
Use the following parameter
f c' 350 kg / cm 2
f y 4200 kg / cm 2

800 kg / m 3
25o
' 0.444

1.5m

20m

10m

60m

40m

D= 10m

1.5m

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 1

Solution
Assume angle of response = =25
hs 5 tan 25 2.33

2
hs
3

1.5m

k 1 sin 25 0.577

4D 2

D 4 10 / 4 2.5m

H / D 40 /10 4
Overpressure Factor Cd

H / D 40 /10 4
From Table 1
upper H1

cd 1.5

lower 2/3 H cd 1.85


Hooper use cd 1.5
ACI313-4.4.3.2 allows to use cd =1.35 for the Hooper

At the bottom of the silos


At the bottom of the silos Y=40-1.5=38.5m
q

R
' kY
1e

'k

7.65 t/m 2

P kq 4.42 t/m 2

Ring Tension
C d Pu D 1.85 1.7 4.42 10

69.5 ton
2
2
69.5
T
A st

18.4 cm 2 /m ie. 9.2 cm 2 /m for each side


f y 0.9 4200

use 12@12.5cm
If slip forming will be used:

A st

T
69.5

19.4 cm 2 /m ie. 9.7 cm 2 /m for each side


0.95 f y 0.95 0.9 4200

Minimum Thickness
0.0003 200 104 1680 8 35 4.42 10

sh E s f s nfct
t=
T

=7.5 cm
100f s fct
100 1680 35
2

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 2

The thickness of silo walls shall be not less than 150 mm for cast-in-place concrete.
Use Wall thickness t=20cm
Vertical Loads

Weight of the wall Wt 2.5 0.2 60 30 ton / m


Friction

V Y q R

atY 38.5

V 0.8 38.5 7.65 2.5 57.9 ton/m

Roff

0.15 D 2 / 4
=0.15 10 4 0.375 ton / m
D
LL 0.10 10 / 4 0.25 ton / m
DL=

Pver 1.7 57.9 0.375 1.4 30 0.25 141.4 ton


Check for Buckling

141.4
101 kg/cm 2
0.7 20 100
0.55 f c' 0.55 0.7 350 134.75 f c ,vert

f c ,vert
Pnw

The buckling does not control

A st 0.002 20 100 4 cm 2 /m

5.0m

Design for the Hopper


q y q0 hy
at h y 1.0 m
4.1

q y 7.65 0.8 1 8.45 t/m 2


W L = weight of the material in hopper
0.8
2
2
WL=
4.1 0.75 5.8 84.4 ton

3
2.5
Wg=
2 4.1 0.2 2 0.75 0.2 5.8 29.5 ton
3
Merdional forces and required reinforcing

5.8m

0.75

qy D
Wg
WL
Fmu 1.7

1.4

4sin D sin
D sin
1.5 8.45 2 4.1

84.4
29.5
Fmu 1.7

1.4
59.2 ton/m
4sin 60
2 4.1 sin 60

2 4.1 sin 60
59.2
A st
16.5cm 2 /m
0.9 4200

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 3

Hoop Reinforcement
1.5 q D
Ftu 1.7

2sin
q P sin 2 q cos 2
where P kq 0.577 8.45 4.87 t/m 2
q 4.87 sin 2 60 8.45cos 2 60 5.765t/m 2
assume ' 25
or q p n

q y tan
tan tan '

8.45 tan 30
4.67t/m 2
tan 30 tan 25

use q p n 4.67t/m 2
1.5 5.765 2 4.1
Ftu 1.7
59.6 ton/m
2sin 60

69.6
19.4 cm 2 /m
A st, hopper
0.9 4200

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 4

Design of the Circular Beam


a1 100

33cm

b1 90
a2 100

33

b 2 57

28.5
100cm

28.5

r=467cm

100

A r 6150

R=4.67m
32.9

32.9
90

x 32.9cm , y 42.3cm
a 87.2cm
b 74.5cm
M t 0.285 684 19.5 t .m

90cm

R 5 32.9 /100 4.67m


q y 7.65 0.8 100 42.3 /100 8.1 t / m 2
W L 0.8

4.67

0.752 6.24 116.5ton

2 4.1 0.2 2 0.75 0.2 5.8 29.5ton


3
q D
Wg
WL
1.7 y

1.4

D sin

4sin D sin

W g 2.5
Fmu

1.5 8.1 10

116.5
29.5
Fmu 1.7

1.4
68.4 ton
10 sin 60
4sin 60
10 sin 60
Fx Fmu cos 68.4 cos 60 34.2ton
Fy 0.615 2.5 1.4 68.4sin 60 61.5ton

Location

Shear

Comp. Force
Bending Moment
due to Fx
due to Mt
Due to Fy

Mt due
to Fy

Support

112.5

159.4

91

69.4

Midspan

159.4

91

34.86

64.7

159.4

91

5.34

9 33 form support

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 5

Example 2
If the silos bottom in Example 1 is a circular slab with central opening on the lower walls
and carrying hopper forming concrete fill.

Load on the slab


a) Load from wheat in Hopper (assume uniform)
3 5 5 0.8
2

WL

1.3 t/m 2

at y=38.5 m ie. h=40m


q=7.65 t/m2

10m

p=kq=4.42 t/m2
Total LL=7.65+1.3=9 t/m2

40m

b) Dead Load

5m

Weight of Hopper forming fill


2 3 5 5 2.5

50cm

Wg

8.33 t/m 2

7m

Slab weight assume 40 cm slab thickness


W slab 0.4 2.5 1.0 t/m 2
DLtotal 8.33 1.0 9.33 t/m 2
W u 1.7 9 1.4 9.33 28.4 t/m 2
Design of the slab Holes

Slabs with holes may be designed in two ways

By computing bending moments for slabs with no holes and reinforcing with a
steel member with adequate strength and of stiffness equal to that of removed slab.

By considering the hole and reinforcing for bending moments obtained using
tables or Timoshenko equations.

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 6

Check for shear on slab

Vu

28.4 5 0.35
2 5 0.35

66 ton

V c 0.53 0.85 300 35 2 5 0.35 798 ton V u

Total reaction at the bottom wall must includes

From Roof, Material above the Hopper, Material in the Hopper, Hopper filling form,
Bottom Slab, Upper Wall, and Lower Wall

ENGC6353

Dr. Mohammed Arafa

Page 7

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