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Circle 521
Filter
+
KD
K0
S
(a)
VCO
Vo
Bit stream
(b)
2. In this simplified X model of a PLL with zero input (a), the change of conversion gain is
similar to having an offset in the phase-detector model output (b).
+
To VCO
152
KD
VCC
Vin
From
VCO
Ibias
Bit stream
Phase detector
(linear model)
Qo
+5 V
Bit stream
In
13
R1
6.8k
14
2
4016
R2
2.7k
1
4.7k
5 V
4.7k
16
15
14
13
NE564
12
11
10
NC
NC
NC
CO
1 nF
2k
1k
2.2k
FSK out
3. Based on the NE564 analog PLL, this circuit generates continuous-phase FSK signals.
154