Uç Fü - Ç - Ätá Gâä - Á (Xàà - Àé À (X WXW - Vtàxw V (Xå - Vtä XÇZ - Çxxüá: Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering

TECHNICAL QUESTIONS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
u
f||t g|{x|
(2009)
{x wxw|vtxw v{x|vt xz|xx
Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering by Srinivas Tulishetti
CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING

1.
Discuss the thermodynamic restrictions on the progress of reversible reactions.
2.
Develop an expression for the specific reaction rate constant based on activated complex
theory.
3.
Distinguish between the methods available for establishing the kinetics of chemical reactions
from the data obtained in a batch or continuous reactor.
4.
Compare the performances and merits of the plug flow and the stirred tank reactors behaving
ideally.
5.
Derive expressions for the overall conversions for a reaction of known order.
6.
A homogeneous first order reaction is carried out in a batch reactor under adiabatic
conditions. Develop a suitable method to find the relation temperature-conversion-time. State
the assumptions made.
7.
Briefly explain the E and the F - curves. Draw the E and the F - curves for series and parallel
combinations of one plug flow and one stirred tank reactors with unequal volumes. Comment.
8.
Differentiate between an elementary and a non-elementary reaction with suitable examples.
9.
What is understood by order of a chemical reaction? How is this different from "molecularity
of the reaction", if a difference between the two exists.
10.
Discuss Arrhenius, Collision, and Transition state theories of temperature dependence of

reaction rates.
11.
Derive an expression for the concentration in the N-th reactor, if N equal sized stirred tank
reactors are assembled in series. Assume first order reaction.
12.
Discuss, how best you will arrange two unequal-sized stirred tank reactors for a given
conversion and reaction order.
13.
Derive the relation between conversion and temperature for an adiabatic reactor using the
energy balance and explain how you determine the reactor size for adiabatic operation of a
plug flow and a stirred tank reactor.
14.
Discuss the principles of reactor stability and how it is established in a stirred tank reactor.
Show qualitatively how endothermic reactions are always stable.
15.
Briefly discuss the models to explain the non-ideal behavior of tubular reactors. Describe one
experiment to evaluate the parameters in any one of the models.
16.
What do you understand by "order of a reaction"? Indicate the methods available for
determining the order of a given reaction.
17.
An elementary reaction A
_____
>R
_____
>S, takes place in a mixed flow reactor. Find the
condition for maximum concentration of R. What is its value? (Assume no R and S initially)
18.
"There exists a conversion below which the performance of a mixed flow reactor is better or
at least equal to that of plug flow reactor for adiabatic exothermic reaction" - Explain.
19.
Discuss briefly the shrinking core model used for describing the global rate of fluid-solid noncatalytic reactions, and outline design methods for such reactions.
20.
Explain the different models for gas-solid non-catalytic reactions of the type,
A(g) + bB(s)
21.
_____
>E(g) + F(s)
Discuss the differences between chemisorption and physical adsorption and their role in
catalytic reactions.
22.
Discuss the effect of mass and heat transfer on the performance of industrial catalytic
reactors.
23.
Compare the performance of fluidized-bed, trickle-bed and slurry reactors.
24.
A first order reaction is to be treated in a series of two mixed reactors. Show that the total
volume of the two reactors is minimum when the reactors are equal in size.
25.
What is understood by 'optimum temperature progression'? Illustrate with an example of

reversible exothermic reaction using a given feed material.
26.
Compare the performance of an adiabatic and an isothermal reactor, choosing an example of

an exothermic reaction.
27.
Catalyst poisoning
28.
Adsorption isotherm
29.
Promoters and Inhibitors
30.
Auto-catalytic reactions
31.
Semi-batch reactors and utility
32.
Feasibility of reactions
33.
Stimulus - response technique to find RTD in reactors.
34.
Non-ideal flow patterns ins real reactor systems
35.
Zero order reactions
36.
Recycle reactors
37.
Theile modulus and effectiveness factor for porous catalysts
38.
Pore volume and pore size distribution in catalysts
39.
Optimum temperature progression
40.
Space time and holding time of flow reactors.
8HF - Industrial Catalysis - October 1998

Part A (20 x 2 = 40 Marks)
1.
What are the functions of a catalyst?
2.
Classify catalysts on the basis of electron mobility.
3.
Name the metal catalysts, at least two of them.
4.
What are catalyst carriers?
5.
Why inhibitors are used?
6.
What are the limitations of Longmuirs adsorption isotherm?
7.
What are the geometric properties that influence the activity of a catalyst?
8.
Explain Freundlich isotherms.
9.
Differentiate between physical adsorption and chemisorption.
10.
Differentiate between micropores and macropores.
11.
Name two methods of preparation of catalysts.
12.
Name two hydrogenation catalysts.
13.
Why fluidized bed catalytic reactors are more advantageous than fixed bed reactors?
14.
Name two laboratory heterogeneous catalytic reactors.
15.
Define Peclet Number.
16.
What methods are used for the determination of pore size and pore size distribution?
17.
Define the effectiveness factor of a catalyst.
18.
Differentiate between catalyst poisoning and fouling.
19.
What are catalyst supports?
20.
How the deactivated catalysts regenerated?
21.
Name the different types of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.
22.
Differentiate between monolayer and multilayer adsorption.
23.
How is activation energy altered by catalyst? Explain briefly with suitable example.
24.
How is evaporated film metal catalyst produced?
25.
What are the functions of carriers?
26.
How oxide catalysts are classified?
27.
How conductity measurements useful to predict catalyst activity of a catalyst?
28.
How is an electronic factor influences the activity of catalyst?
29.
Name the materials which are suitable for catalyst carriers.
30.
How is charcoal supported palladium catalyst prepared?
31.
What is callled autocatalysis? Give example.
32.
How is chain radical reaction carried out using catalyst? Give example.
33.
How is ionic heterogeneous catalytic reactions carried out? Give example.
34.
Name the factors that influence the catalytic activity of a solid porous catalyst.
35.
Name the factors to be considered while designing a reactor for heterogeneous catalytic
reactions.
36.
Name the reactor and catalyst used for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons.
37.
How are reversible exothermic gas phase catalytic reactions are carried out?
38.
How is double heat exchange tube catalytic reactor used in the manufacture of ammonia?
39.
What are called bifunctional catalysts?
40.
How is multitude of variables affect the activity of a catalyst?
41.
What are called negative catalysts? Give examples.
42.
Name any two methods used for the removal of catalytic poison.
43.
What are called carriers? Give examples.
44.
What is called micro heterogeneous catalyst. Give examples.
45.
Define contact time. Mention its usefulness.
46.
Name the device used to collect the catalyst dust in the moving bed catalytic reactor.
47.
Differentiate between catalyst and an initiator.
48.
What is meant by selectivity?
49.
Explain briefly Freundlich isotherm.
50.
Differentiate between activated and inactivated chemisorption.
51.
What is meant by diffusivity?
52.
What is called enzyme catalysis? Give example.
53.
How do the impurities present in the catalyst mixture affect the activity of catalyst?
54.
How does the catalyst alter the activation energy?
55.
Mention any two drawbacks encountered in filtering bed catalytic reactor.
56.
What is meant by codeposition? Name any two catalysts prepared by this method.
57.
How does the surface area influences the catalytic activity of catalyst? Explain.
58.
Write down the Langmuir isotherm equation and explain the terms in it.
59.
Suggest a catalyst for the dehydrogenation of n-butane.
60.
Write a short note on bimetallic catalyst.
FLUID MECHANICS and TRANSPORT PROCESSES

1.
An ideal fluid is an incompressible and __________ fluid.
2.
For a Newtonian fluid shear stress is directly proportional to __________
3.
Kinematic viscosity of a liquid is dynamic viscosity divided by its __________
4.
In M, L, T system of dimension, Power is represented as __________
5.
Weber number is ratio of inertial force to __________ force.
6.
For incompressible fluid, continuity equation in integral form is Q = __________
7.
In flow net equipotential lines are orthogonal with __________
8.
Relative roughness of a pipe surface is its absolute roughness divided by its __________
9.
In laminar flow through pipe as Reynolds number increases the friction coefficient
__________
10.
Pitot - static tube measures __________ pressure.
11.
Turbulent velocity fluctuations in a flow are measured by __________ meter
12.
For a solid sphere falling under gravity at terminal settling velocity in a fluid the buoyant force
is equal to __________
13.
Pressure drag on a body is due to the formation of __________
14.
Ergun's equation relates __________
15.
Reciprocating pumps are suitable for high pressure rise and __________ discharge
16.
An example of Positive displacement pump is __________
17.
In a centrifugal pump as head increases discharge __________
18.
Power required by a fan is proportional to the discharge, pressure rise and __________
19.
Pump suitable for corrosive liquid is __________
20.
Fans have __________ pressure rise than blowers.
21.
The unit of specific weight of a fluid in SI system is ______________
22.
One centipoise is equal to ______________ Pa-s
23.
The pressure inside a soap bubble will be ______________ than the surrounding atmospheric
pressure
24.
Give an example of non-Newtonian fluid ______________
25.
The unit of one standard atmospheric pressure is 101.32 ______________
26.
Gauge pressure is absolute pressure ______________ atmospheric
27.
Pressure Dynamic similarity is similarity of ______________
28.
In M, L, T system dimension of angular velocity is ______________
29.
The density of manometric fluid used in an inverted manometer should be ______________

than the density of flowing fluid
30.
For steady incompressible fluid flow, the continuity equation is ______________
31.
For flow over flat plate, the critical Reynolds number is ______________
32.
Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial force and ______________ force.
33.
Mach number is the ratio of ______________ to ______________
34.
Cd of an orifice is always ______________ than Cc
35.
The suppressed sharp crested weir is 0.6 m high and discharges water at a head of 1.2 m.
The coefficient of discharge of the weir is ______________
36.
The gas flow velocity through a fluidized bed should be less than or equal to ______________
velocity
37.
Give an example of rotary pump ______________
38.
Blowers are suitable for ______________ discharge than compressors
39.
Mass and weight of a body are differentiated in terms of the ____________ acting on it
40.
Viscosity may be described as the ratio between ____________ and ____________
41.
Paint is ____________ by nature
42.
Torricelli's equation is stated as ____________
43.
Pressure of a liquid can be converted into the ____________ of the liquid by dividing by the
corresponding density
44.
Water is not a ____________ liquid
45.
The compressible fluid used in an inverted manometer is ____________
46.
The unit for Poise is ____________
47.
An ideal fluid has no ____________ or ____________
48.
The length required to establish fully developed flow in the entire cross section of the pipe is
called ____________
49.
The skin friction drag may be expressed by the equation F/?.
50.
For scaling up laboratory data to an industrial scale, the three similarities are ____________
____________ and ____________
51.
Froude number is expressed as a ratio between ____________ and ____________ forces
52.
A pitot tube is used to measure ____________ velocities in a pipe line
53.
The forces acting on an aeroplane flying at a constant speed at a given altitude are
____________, ____________ and ____________
54.
The forces acting on a particle in a batch fluidized bed at steady state are ____________
____________ and ____________
55.
Ergun's equation is useful in predicting the ____________ in a packed column
56.
In a centrifugal pump, water enters at the ____________ of the impeller
57.
Viscous liquids are transported by a ____________ pump
58.
The equilibrium position of the float in a rotameter is determined by the balance of
three
forces. These are ___________, ___________ and ___________

59.
For an orifice meter, the pressure recovery is ________ than that for a venturi meter
60.
Dynamic pressure is the difference between ________ and ________
61.
Pump size is determined on the basis of __________and_____________
62.
The velocity gradient, beyond the boundary layer is equal to _________
63.
The coefficient of discharge for a given orifice is a function of ___________and ___________
64.
Inclined manometer is used for ____________
65.
Pressure drop is __________ in globe valve as compared to gate valve
Short Notes - Fluid Mechanics Questions

1.
Inclined manometer.
2.
Flow of fluid in Boundary layer.
3.
Boundary layer separation.
4.
'Hydraulically smooth' pipes.
5.
Expansion and contraction losses.
6.
Equivalent length of fittings.
7.
Flow in non-circular conduits.
8.
Pneumatic transport.
9.
One seventh power law states ?
10.
Give any two examples of Non-Newtonian fluid.
11.
Define the term "Bulk Modulus".
12.
State Newton's Law of viscosity.
13.
State the value of specific weight of mercury in kN/m3.
14.
State any three dimensionless number related to fluid flow and explain their significance
15.
Explain the term "Geometric similarity" and "Kinematic similarity
16.
Explain the following terms (i) Vapor pressure and (ii) Bulk modulus
17.
State the Pascal's law of pressure at a point
18.
What are the desirable properties of manometric fluid?
19.
Distinguish between Laminar and Turbulent flow with example
20.
Distinguish between subsonic flow and supersonic flow
21.
Explain the term "Boundary Layer" and friction drag
22.
Discuss the mechanism of fluidization
23.
Give some industrial applications of fluidization
24.
What are the applications of diaphragm pump?
25.
Define "stream tube"
26.
Write the differential form of continuity equation for two-dimensional steady flow of
incompressible fluid.
27.
What is "Drag Coefficient".
28.
Write the expression for head loss due to sudden expansion.
29.
Define the term "relative roughness" in flow through rough pipes.
30.
What is "hydraulic mean radius"?
31.
What is the optimum included angle of the divergent section of a venturi meter?
32.
Define the term "Stagnation pressure".
33.
State any two types of weirs used for flow measurement.
34.
Name any two metal wires used in Hot wire anemometer.
35.
For what application magnetic flow meter is needed?
36.
What factors govern the "pressure drop" in fluidized bed?
37.
Define the term "Design Point" of a pump.
38.
What is "Critical fluidization velocity"?
39.
What is the theoretical maximum suction lift of a centrifugal pump?
40.
Name any three rotary type positive displacement pumps.
41.
Differentiate between compressible and incompressible fluids.
42.
What is kinematic viscosity? Write its unit.
43.
Write the physical significance of Reynolds number.
44.
What is the relationship between the drag coefficient and Reynolds number in the Stoke's law
range (Reynolds number < 1)?
45.
Write the principle of orifice meter.
46.
What is the head loss of the fluid at the entrance of a straight pipe?
47.
Explain 'Cavitation' in pumps.
48.
Define 'Minimum fluidization velocity'.
49.
Define 'Equivalent diameter' for fluid flow through channels of non-circular cross section.
50.
Write the principle of Magnetic flow meter.
51.
Write continuity equation for three dimensional motion of an incompressible fluid.
52.
Give two industrial applications of packed beds.
53.
Write Bernoulli's equation. State its assumptions.
54.
Differentiate between reciprocating and centrifugal pumps.
55.
Explain the principle of hot wire anemometer.
56.
Define 'Volumetric efficiency' of the positive displacement pump.
57.
Define NPSH in centrifugal pumps.
58.
What are the two types of fluidization?
59.
Write the Hagen Poiseuille's equation for laminar flow in Newtonian fluid.
60.
Define: a) Form drag b) Skin drag c) Boundary layer

d) Compressible flow e) Smooth and rough pipes.
61.
Differentiate between Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluids.
62.
Write the unit for surface tension coefficient.
63.
What are the two important characteristics of potential flow?
64.
Define 'mass velocity' of fluid through a channel.
65.
What is Mach number? Define the Mach number for an ideal gas.
66.
Define 'Boundary Layer'.
67.
Write Ergun's equation for pressure drop through a packed bed.
68.
Classify positive displacement pumps.
69.
Write an expression for head loss due to sudden expansion of the fluid.
70.
Write the physical significance of Froude's number.
71.
Write few industrial applications of fluidized beds.
72.
Define 'Manometric efficiency' in centrifugal pump.
73.
Write the principle of Pitot tube.
74.
Why is rotameter called an area meter?
75.
What is 'What Hammer'?
76.
What is Priming?
77.
What is the function of volute in a centrifugal pump?
78.
Write two differences between compressors and blowers.
79.
Define 'Form drag' and 'Skin drag'.
80.
Define Newtonian fluid.
81.
What is "vapor pressure".
82.
Define kinematic viscosity.
83.
Write the unit of power in M.L.T. system.
84.
Define 'stream tube'.
85.
What is 'form drag'?
86.
State the use of Reynolds number in fluid flow.
87.
Indicate a possible velocity profile in "Turbulent flow".
88.
Define the term 'Mach number'.
89.
State Euler's equation for ideal fluid flow.
90.
Why the length of divergent section of a venturimeter is much longer than its convergent
section.
91.
Define the term "Coefficient of Contraction".
92.
Write the expression for discharge through a V-notch with an included angle of
93.
What are the types of Hot-wire anemometer used in practice?

10
94.
Suggest a flow meter for measuring slurry flow in a closed pipeline.
95.
Define the term "Fluidization".
96.
Name any two types of positive displacement pump.
97.
Name any three applications for continuous fluidization.
98.
Define the term "shut off head" of a centrifugal pump.
99.
Which fan produce a high static pressure rise, a backward curved fan or a forward curved fan
100.
Define the term 'Static head'.
101.
State Bernoulli equation. Write dimensions for each term involved.
102.
Differentiate between absolute viscosity and kinematic viscosity. Write the units.
103.
Define 'Equivalent diameter' for fluid flow through ducts of noncircular diameter.
104.
Write the physical significance of Mach number.
105.
What is meant by 'skin friction'?
106.
Explain the terms maximum velocity and average velocity for a flow of fluid in a circular pipe.
107.
Write Blake-Plummer equation for packed beds.
108.
State Darcy's law.
109.
Name two types of fluidization and give two important industrial application.
110.
How will you calculate the head developed by a pump?
111.
Write any four important advantages of multistage compressors.
112.
Determine the density of air under a vacuum of 445 mm Hg at 45oC.
113.
Write the working principles of ultrasonic flow meters.
114.
What is meant by loading in a packed tower?
115.
Write a short note on positive displacement pumps.
116.
Write momentum equation for compressible flow.
117.
What is Newton's law of viscosity?
118.
State the similarity laws
119.
What is potential flow?
120.
State the type of fluid in the following cases:

(a) Rubber latex
(b) Bentonite clay
121.
Define equivalent diameter of pipe
122.
Distinguish between form drag and skin drag
123.
Define Mach number
124.
What is the relation between maximum velocity and average velocity in laminar flow and
turbulent flow
125.
Draw velocity profile for laminar flow in a circular pipe
126.
Compare and contrast venturi meter and orifice meter
127.
What is the principle of working of pitot tube?

11
128.
Give examples of area and head flow meters
129.
Define porosity and minimum fluidization velocity
130.
Draw the drag curves for regular solids
131.
State Ergun's equation and its application
132.
Define boundary layer
133.
What is meant by NPSH?
134.
Compare centrifugal pump with reciprocating pump
135.
List the various losses occurring in centrifugal pump
136.
Write the filed of application of various flow meters
137.
138.
Differentiate between barometric pressure and absolute pressure.
139.
What is meant by pressure of a liquid column?
140.
Define the term 'Slip velocity'.
141.
Give two important industrial applications of fluidized bed.
142.
Write the principle of Rotameter.
143.
Give the relationship between Drag coefficient and Reynolds number in a) Newton's range of
operation b) Intermediate range of operation
144.
Write the physical significance of Archimedes number.
145.
Explain the term 'Darcy friction factor'.
146.
What is meant by compressible fluids? Give two examples.
147.
Write Kozeny-Carman equation for packed beds.
148.
Define the term Orifice coefficient.
149.
Define (a) Static suction lift (b) Static suction head.
150.
Give any four important criteria involved in the selection of pumps.
151.
What is meant by boundary layer thickness?
152.
Differentiate between fans and blowers.
153.
Write the continuity equation for compressible flow.
154.
What is meant by flooding in packed towers?
155.
Explain 'Cavitation' in pumps.
156.
Define the term hindered settling.
157.
Steam jet ejectors.
158.
Selection of pumps for handling of liquids.
159.
Water hammer.
160.
Net positive suction head.
161.
What is cavitation and how it can be eliminated for a centrifugal pump?
162.
Write down the equation for flow rate through a V-notch

12
163.
164.
Define the term 'Mach number'

(i) What is wall drag?
(ii) What is form drag?
165.
Differentiate between Loading and Flooding
166.
Differentiate between bubbling and particulate fluidization
167.
What is the theoretical maximum operable velocity for a fluidized bed?
168.
Consider a duct of square cross section of side 'b'. The hydraulic radius is given by
(A) b/8
169.
(B) b/4
(C) b/2
(D) b
A rotameter, through which air at room temperature and atmospheric pressure is flowing,
gives a certain reading for a flow rate of 100 cc/s. If helium (Molecular weight 4) is used and
the rotameter shows the same reading, the flow rate is
(A) 26 cc/s
(B) 42 cc/s
(C) 269 cc/s
(D) 325 cc/s
Comparisons - Fluid Mechanics Questions

1. Distinguish between compressible and incompressible fluids.
2. Distinguish between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids.
3. Indicate the difference between skin friction and form friction.
4. Differentiate between packed and fluidized beds.
5. Differentiate between loading and flooding velocities in a packed absorption column.
6. Differentiate between aggressive and particulate fluidization.
7. How do variable head meters differ from variable area meters for the measurement of fluid
flow?
8. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal pump reciprocating pump.
9. Distinguish between Fans and Blowers, pumps and Compressors.
Some More Questions on FLUID MECHANICS
1. Define 'Bulk modulus'. Write down its units.
Bulk modulus (K) = (change in pressure) / (volumetric strain)
Volumetric strain is a ratio of the change in volume to the original volume. Therefore, (change
in volume) / (original volume) = (change in pressure) / (bulk modulus), i.e., -dV/V = dP/K
Negative sign for dV indicates the volume decreases as pressure increases. In the limit, as dP
tends to 0, K = -V dp/dV. In terms of density, K = dp/d.
Bulk modulus has the units of pressure; N/m2.
2. What is a Newtonian fluid? Give two examples.
13
Fluid which obeys the Newton's law of viscosity, are said to be Newtonian fluids. Examples:
water, air, kerosene. Newton's law of viscosity, = du/dy
3. Give suitable examples for (a) Bingham plastic fluid, (b) Thixotropic fluid
Bingham plastic fluid: Tooth paste, gels, sewage sludge
Thixotropic fluid: paint
4. State the Pascal's law of pressure at a point in a fluid.

Pressure at a point is same in all directions. This is Pascal's law. This applies to fluid at rest
5. It is impossible to have gauge pressures that are as low as -20 psig. Justify this statement.
-20 psig = -20 + 14.7 = -5.3 psia. The minimum possible pressure is only 0 psia. Therefore,
the
given gauge pressure is an impossible one.
6. Differentiate between 'steady' and 'unsteady flow' with suitable examples.

7. Define 'ideal fluid'. What is the value of Reynolds number for an ideal fluid?
Ideal fluid is a hypothetical fluid which is assumed to have a viscosity of zero, and
incompressible. Reynolds number of an ideal fluid is infinity.
8. Determine whether the velocity components given below satisfy the equation of continuity:
u = 2x2 + zy, v = -2xy + 3y2 + 3zy, w = -1.5z2 - 2xz - 6yz are given
Where u, v and w are velocity components in the directions of x, y and z respectively.
u/x = 4x, v/y = -2x + 6y + 3z

w/z = -3z - 2x - 6y
u/x + v/y + w/z = 0.
Hence, continuity equation is satisfied.
9. Write Bernoulli's equation. State its assumptions.
Flow is steady, inviscid and incompressible.
There is no addition of energy in between the sections considered.
TRANSPORT PHENOMENA
1.
What are the units of kinematic viscosity?
2.
Define Newtonian fluids
3.
What are Bingham plastics?
4.
Write down the momentum balance equation
5.
Define compressible and incompressible fluids
6.
Write down the dimensionless numbers
7.
Define Nusselt number
8.
Define friction factor

14
9.
Write the continuity equation
10.
Define porosity
11.
What is hydraulic radius?
12.
Write down the Brinkman number
13.
How is thermal diffusivity defined?
14.
What are the limitations on the relation Cp - Cv = R?
15.
State Fick's second law of diffusion
16.
Define molar average velocity
17.
What is the effect of pressure on diffusivity?
18.
Define mass flux
19.
What is diffusion?
20.
Define Newton's law of viscosity.
21.
What is meant by non-Newtonian fluids?
22.
Give the ranges of Reynolds number for laminar flow and turbulent flow.
23.
What is the shear stress at the centre of the pipe?
24.
State the Newton's second law of motion.
25.
Define Fourier's law of heat conduction.
26.
Write on 'Shell-energy balance'.
27.
Show that the 'Grashof number' is dimensionless.
28.
Explain the term free convection and forced convection.
29.
Define the terms isothermal and non-isothermal systems.
30.
How is thermal diffusivity defined? What are its units?
31.
Compare Fick's law of diffusion with Newton's law of viscosity.
32.
Define Stoke's law.
33.
What are the units of mass transfer coefficient?
34.
Define the term diffusion controlled chemical reaction.
35.
Define Fick's second law of diffusion.
36.
What is meant by Reynold's stress?
37.
Give equations for mass transfer rate for counter diffusion.
38.
Write the momentum balance for equations of motion.
39.
Define effectiveness of a fin.
40.
For Newtonian fluids flowing through two parallel infinite flat plates, the average velocity is
__________ of maximum velocity.
15
MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS AND APPLICATIONS

1.
What is meant by differential distillation?
2.
Draw a equilibrium diagram and boiling point diagram for an azeotropic binary system.
3.
Raoult's law applies to the __________ and Henry's law applies to the _________
4.
What is relative volatility?
5.
What is Murphree tray efficiency?
6.
What is meant by constant molal overflow?
7.
Define the term ''minimum reflux ratio''.
8.
Ponchon-Savarit method analyses the fractionating equipment based on _____________
9.
What is stripping factor?
10.
Draw a neat sketch of packed absorption tower.
11.
Write down the properties of a good packing for an absorption tower.
12.
Write few industrial application of absorption.
13.
What is a plait point?
14.
What is selectivity? Selectivity of solvent used in extraction should be ____________
15.
What are the factors which affect a leaching operation?
16.
Explain the terms extraction and leaching.
17.
What are the desirable properties of an industrial adsorption?
18.
What is meant by a break through curve for adsorption?
19.
What are the various types of dialysis?
20.
Write the principle of Ion-exchange.
21.
Differentiate between flash distillation, differential distillation and rectification
22.
What is distillation?
23.
What are the limitations of distillation?
24.
Derive the expression y = x/(1+( -1)x)
25.
Explain Flash Vaporization.
26.
Explain the term total reflux.
27.
What is the use of open steam and how to calculate the number of stages in case of open
steam
28.
Define molecular distillation.
29.
What is the use of entrainer in Azeotropic distillation?
30.
What is meant by desorption?
31.
Define the term Minimum Reflux ratio.
32.
Give the Vont Hoffs law of mobile equilibrium.
33.
Define flooding and loading in an absorber.
16
34.
Define the term leaching and extraction.
35.
What is distribution law?
36.
Explain the use of triangular graph for extraction.
37.
What are the different types of adsorption?
38.
Explain the process of Ion exchange.
39.
Define selectivity and distribution coefficient.
40.
Define Thermal and sweep diffusion.
41.
What are the various types of dialysis?
42.
What are the advantages of distillation over absorption?
43.
Define the term relative volatility
44.
State Henry's law
45.
What is Murphree tray efficiency?
46.
What is meant by equilibrium distillation?
47.
What is absorption factor?
48.
What is molecular distillation?
49.
Sketch the operating line and equilibrium curve for an absorber and stripper
50.
What is meant by minimum liquid gas ratio?
51.
What is plait point?
52.
Explain percolation method of leaching?
53.
Define distribution coefficient and state its importance
54.
What is electrodialysis?
55.
What are the properties of solvent for extraction?
56.
What is ion retardation?
57.
Mention few industrial adsorbents
58.
What is adsorption hysteresis?
59.
Write the principle of ion-exchange
60.
What is meant by constant molal over flow?
61.
What is the role of Raoult's law in distillation?
62.
Write short notes on:
(i)
Azeotropic distillation (ii) Extractive distillation (iii) Rayleigh's equation

63.
The HTU and NTU concepts in packed columns.
64.
Adiabatic saturation temperature.
65.
Miers theory of crystallization
66.
Spray drying
67.
Dehumidification process
68.
Induced draft cooling tower

17
69.
Vacuum crystallizer
70.
Two film theory
71.
Cooling towers
72.
Reynolds analogy
73.
Wet-bulb temperature
74.
HTU and HETP
75.
Over all and individual phase mass transfer coefficients
76.
Psychrometric chart
77.
Lewis number and its significance
78.
Effect of gas velocity on batch drying characteristics
79.
Drying of food grains
80.
Critical, bound and unbound moisture contents
81.
Analogy between momentum, heat and mass transfer
82.
Fluidized bed dryers
83.
Air-conditioning equipments
84.
Swenson-Walker crystallizer
85.
Schmidt number and its significance
86.
J - factors
87.
Estimation of diffusivities
88.
Induced draft cooling towers
89.
Rotary dryers
90.
Molecular and Eddy diffusion
91.
Nucleation
92.
Explain the term "FLUX"
93.
What is meant by molecular diffusion and eddy diffusion?
94.
Define the term diffusivity
95.
Give the Wilke-Chang equation and explain the terms involved in it.
96.
Why various theories of mass transfer have been proposed?
97.
Explain the term stage and stage efficiency
98.
What is meant by absorption factor?
99.
Explain the theory of humidification
100.
What is meant by wet bulb temperature approach?
101.
What is the principle of 'recirculating liquid gas humidifier'?
102.
Define Dew point
103.
Define the term "Bound moisture"
104.
Explain the effect of temperature and mass flow rate of air on the constant drying rate, NC.
18
105.
What is meant by holdup in a rotary dryer?
106.
Which type of drier is used in the manufacture of (a) tablets (b) Paraffin wax?
107.
What is crystallization?
108.
State McCabe's
109.
What is the purpose of agitator in the crystallizer?
110.
Give examples of batch crystallizer and continuous crystallizer
L law of crystal growth
Diffusion and Mass Transfer Coefficients:

111.
Define the terms a) diffusion b) mass diffusivity c) eddy diffusion
112.
What is the unit for mass diffusivity?
113.
Draw a graph showing concentration gradient for equimolal diffusion
114.
What is Sherwood number and give its significance?
115.
Give the relationship between mass transfer coefficient and diffusivity
116.
What is the effect of pressure and temperature on the diffusion coefficient in gases?
117.
Define 'Absorption factor'
118.
Define: a) humidity b) percentage humidity and c) relative humidity
119.
How the cooling effect in a cooling tower can be increased?
120.
Define a) Dew point and b) bubble Point
121.
Define the term Equilibrium moisture and free moisture content of solid
122.
What is freeze-drying?
123.
Which drier is suitable for handling fragile crystals?
124.
During drying operation, critical moisture content varies with _________.
125.
Write down the sequence of stages in the evolution of a crystal
126.
Write down the three methods used to produce super-saturation
127.
What is magma?
128.
What is the purpose of agitator in a crystallizer
129.
Explain. What do you understand by jD and jH factors?
130.
Write short notes on following mass transfer theories

(i) Film theory
(ii) Surface renewal theory
(iii) Penetration theory
Absorption
131.
What do you understand by 'liquid film controlling' in gas absorption? Suggest methods of
increasing the rate of transfer for this condition.
132.
Derive Kremser-Brown-Souders equation for the calculation of number of theoretical stages

for absorption in a stagewise contact tower.
19
133.
Compare the performance of bubble-cap column, sieve-tray column and packed bed column.
Discuss in detail the operation of any column.
134.
When are the concepts of HETP and HTU used? What is the difference between the two?
Drawing an equilibrium diagram, indicate clearly the two concepts.
135.
Illustrate the significance of operating line and equilibrium line for a steady state countercurrent process.
136.
Discuss briefly the 'flooding' and 'loading' conditions in a packed tower stating the factors
which influence them.
137.
Discuss briefly the important design and operational aspects of

1.
Bubble cap column and
2.
Sieve tray tower.
138.
Define absorption factor. Indicate its physical significance and uses in the design of absorbers.
139.
Discuss the use of Murphree efficiency for the design of an absorber.
140.
Discuss briefly how the minimum solvent requirement in counter-current gas absorption may
be determined.
141.
What is flooding velocity? What role does it play in the design of absorption column?
142.
Specify the important properties a packing material should possess for being used in mass
transfer equipment. Name a few packing materials.
143.
How do you express the efficiency of an absorption plate and an absorption column? Give an
idea of an ideal plate.
144.
Indicate the methods used for the design of absorption towers for absorption with chemical
reaction. Explain the type of data needed in the design and how this data is obtained.
Adsorption
145.
Compare the several adsorption isotherms you know of and discuss their importance in
adsorption steps in a chemical engineering operation.
146.
Draw the break-through curve for an adiabatic batch adsorption bed. Discuss the main
features.
147.
What are the characteristics to be possessed by industrial adsorbents? What are the
commonly used adsorbents?
Extraction
148.
Discuss the factors which govern the selection of solvents to be used for liquid-liquid
extractions.
149.
Write in short the procedure to determine the number of theoretical stages for countercurrent multistage extraction.
20
Leaching
150.
Discuss briefly the typical equilibrium diagrams in leaching
151.
Explain the graphical method of determining the number of theoretical stages in a multistage
counter-current leaching.
Distillation
152.
Explain entrainment, foaming, coning and limiting vapor velocity in distillation.
153.
What is flash vaporization? Obtain relationship for liquid to vapor product ratio in terms of
enthalpies of different streams.
154.
Derive Raleighs equation for differential distillation.
155.
Why the reflux is used and how does it affect the size of the distillation tower?
156.
Explain, with necessary equations, the utility of Ponchon-Savarit method of determining the
number of ideal plates in a fractionating column. How is the McCabe-Thiele method a
simplification of this?
157.
When is distillation by steam used? Explain with necessary expressions, the effect of using
vacuum in steam consumption in such an operation.
158.
Discuss the principles, operation and industrial applications of the following giving examples.
1)
Azeotropic distillation
159.
2) Extractive distillation
3) Molecular distillation
Indicate how the use of the enthalpy-composition diagram and McCabe-Thiele diagram could
be utilized for the design of distillation columns. Specify the application of each method.
Explain by means of both the methods to determine:
1.
minimum reflux 2)
the number of plates at total reflux and the
2.
Location of the correct feed plate in the fractionation of liquid mixture in a bubble plate
column using open steam.
160.
State with reasons whether the following statements are correct or not, give appropriate
equations wherever possible.
1.
Raoult's law applies to the solute and Henry's law applies to the solvent.
2.
In a rectification column, the heat requirement in the re-boiler gets fixed if the reflux
ratio is fixed.
3.
Murphree plate efficiency can be above 100%.
21
MECHANICAL UNIT OPERATIONS (MUO)

1.
What are the different ways adopted for size reduction in process industries?
2.
Explain the Bonds crushing law and work index
3.
Explain differential screen analysis
4.
What is the ratio of actual mesh dimension in one screen to that of the next smaller screen as
per Tylers standard scale?
5.
Explain the terms Capacity and Effectiveness of screens
6.
What is mixing index? Explain its significance
7.
What are the different methods adopted for prevention of swirling in an agitated tank?
8.
What is the difference between a clarifier and classifier?
9.
Define the terms Critical speed and Centrifuging in a ball mill
10.
What are the different types of impellers commonly used for agitation of liquids?
11.
Write the relationships between drag coefficient and Reynolds number in various regimes of
settling
12.
Explain the different types of filtration
13.
Explain the principle of centrifugal sedimentation
14.
What are open circuit and closed circuit operations?
15.
Classify the particle size measuring techniques on the basis of size range
16.
Explain briefly the various flotation methods
17.
Explain the principle of electrical precipitation
18.
Explain the term "Terminal Settling Velocity"
19.
What are the requirements for selecting a suitable filter media?
20.
What are sorting classifiers?
21.
Define 'sphericity' for a non-spherical particle
22.
What is 'blinding' of screens?
23.
Cumulative analysis for determining surface is more precise than differential analysis. Why?
24.
Differentiate between Grizzlies and Trommels
25.
Define Rittinger's law of crushing
26.
The operating speed of a ball mill should be less than the critical speed.
27.
Define angle of nip for a roll crusher
28.
What is disintegrator?
29.
What is flotation? Give some of its applications
30.
Define 'free settling'
31.
Name the commonly used centrifuges for industrial applications
32.
Differentiate between a thickener and a clarifier

22
33.
What are filter aids? Name few commonly used filter aids
34.
Give the classification of filters
35.
Define compressibility coefficient of the cake
36.
Explain the Kozeny's equation for determining the pressure drop across the cake for batch
filtration
37.
Differentiate between agitation and mixing
38.
What are the main types of impellers?
39.
Define flow number
40.
Write the physical significance of Froude's number in agitation of fluids
41.
What is a screen?
42.
Give the various methods for finding the size distribution of a mixture of particles
43.
Define Volumetric mean diameter of a particle
44.
Increasing the capacity of screen _________ (decreases/increases) the screen effectiveness
45.
What is the main difference between tube mill and ball mill?
46.
Define Bonds law of crushing
47.
Give the critical speed of a ball mill
48.
Explain crushing efficiency
49.
What are flotation agents?
50.
Define Hindered settling
51.
Explain the term classification
52.
Differentiate between a thickener and a clarifier
53.
Define filtration
54.
What is specific cake resistance?
55.
Differentiate between incompressible cake and compressible cake
56.
Mention some commonly used filter aids
57.
Give the purposes of agitation
58.
Define power number
59.
Name the agitator which is suitable for mixing low viscosity fluids
60.
Write the physical significance of Froudes number in agitation of fluids
61.
Give the sphericity of rasching ring whose length and diameter are equal
62.
Define effectiveness of screen
63.
Name the different methods of particle size measurement for fine particles
64.
List out any three equipment used for storage of solids
65.
Give the various methods of braking solids
66.
What are crushers? Give any three
67.
What do you mean by closed circuit grinding?

23
68.
What is the disadvantage of choke crushing compared to free crushing?
69.
Distinguish between 'Classifier' and 'Classifier'
70.
Give any three types of centrifuge used in Industries
71.
Distinguish the terms free settling and hindered settling
72.
Give the functions of flotation agents
73.
What is filtration?
74.
Give some commonly used filter media
75.
What are the advantages of filter press?
76.
Define compressibility coefficient of the filter cake
77.
Define power number
78.
What are the important properties that influence the mixing of fluids?
79.
Where Banbury mixer is used?
80.
Differentiate between agitation and mixing.
81.
Give the shape factor for a cylinder whose length equals its diameter.
82.
In screen analysis notation +5mm/-10mm means what?
83.
Define sphericity for a non-spherical particle
84.
Which is the most suitable equipment for removing the fine dust particle of less than one
micron dia from air?
85.
Define crushing efficiency
86.
What is the advantage of wet grinding over dry grinding?
87.
Define work index
88.
What are the factors that affect energy consumption in a ball mill?
89.
Explain the term sedimentation
90.
Explain the principle and application of centrifuge
91.
What is froth flotation? Discuss its applications
92.
The rate of filtration depends on what?
93.
What are the good qualities of a filter media?
94.
What are filter aids? Name few commonly used filter aids
95.
Differentiate between incompressible cake and compressible cake
96.
What are the purposes of agitation?
97.
Define flow number
98.
Name the agitator which is suitable for mixing low viscosity fluids
99.
What are the types of mixers suitable for pastes and plastic masses?
24
ORGANIC CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY

1.
Why beating is required in the manufacture of pulp?
2.
Mention the steps involved in the manufacture of sugar
3.
What are the uses of bagasse?
4.
What are the industrial applications of starch?
5.
Name four industrial fermentation products
6.
What is meant by hydrogenation in oil and fat industry?
7.
What are soaps and detergents?
8.
What are the uses of fatty acids?
9.
What are the byproducts from natural gasoline?
10.
What are heavy distillates?
11.
What are the characteristics of petroleum refining?
12.
What is meant by catalytic reforming?
13.
How are plastics classified?
14.
What are the ways in which polymerization takes place?
15.
Name three synthetic fibers
16.
Give one example of polyester
17.
Name three synthetic rubbers
18.
Name two tanning processes in leather industry
19.
Vegetable tanning is used for what type of materials?
20.
Classify the dyes
21.
Name the machine used for making paper from wet pulp
22.
Why raw sugar is to be refined?
23.
What is viscous rayon?
24.
What are the main products of coal gasification?
25.
List two examples of fermentation products and their sources
26.
What are surfactants?
27.
Indicate one route for getting synthetic glycerin
28.
What are antibiotics?
29.
What are the general constituents of crude petroleum?
30.
What are the main petroleum refinery fractions?
31.
What is hydroforming?
32.
Name a few important large-scale petrochemicals that can be obtained from benzene
33.
Give an example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer
34.
Distinguish addition and condensation polymerization?
25
35.
What is emulsion polymerization?
36.
Name two thermoplastics
37.
What is Teflon and where it is mainly used?
38.
What are the main properties of a fiber?
39.
What are polyurethanes?
40.
Give two examples of unit operations. Also give the schematic representations
41.
What is the significance of beating in the manufacture of pulp?
42.
Outline the steps involved in the manufacture of starch
43.
Write any two industrial applications of sugar
44.
Give examples of antibiotics. Also write its uses
45.
Explain the term Hydrogenation with reference to oil and fat industry
46.
Explain the term bio-degradability with reference to detergents
47.
Write briefly about fatty acids
48.
Give examples of byproducts from natural gasoline. Also indicate its uses
49.
Write about petrochemical precursors
50.
Outline the method of production of synthesis gas
51.
What is bagasse? What are its uses?
52.
What are the industrial applications of Xylene?
53.
Compare and contrast thermoplastic and thermosetting resins
54.
Outline the application of polymers in engineering plastics
55.
What is meant by catalytic cracking?
56.
Write examples of synthetic fibers
57.
Briefly write about tanning processes commonly used in leather industry
58.
Write about epoxy resins
59.
Give examples of dye-intermediates. Also write its uses
60.
What are the advantages of Kraft pulp?
61.
How do you obtain glucose from starch?
62.
Why beating is required in the manufacture of pulp?
63.
What are the uses of bagasse?
64.
Name four industrial fermentation products
65.
What are detergents?
66.
What are the steps involved in the refining of edible oils?
67.
What is meant by hydrogenation of oil?
68.
Give the refinery crude petroleum classification
69.
What is catalytic cracking?
70.
What are the byproducts from natural gasoline?

26
71.
Name two oil refineries in Tamil Nadu
72.
How are plastics classified?
73.
What are the ways by which polymerization takes place?
74.
Mention few industrial applications of polymers
75.
How silicon rubbers are made?
76.
What is Neoprene?
77.
Name any four dye-intermediates
78.
Classify the dyes
79.
Name two tanning processes in leather industry
27
PROCESS DYNAMICS AND CONTROLS

1.
Define the Laplace transform
2.
What is initial value theorem?
3.
Define step function and impulse function
4.
Give the transfer function for second order system
5.
Define the terms: Decay ratio and Rise time
6.
Define transportation lag
7.
Differentiate between negative feedback and positive feedback
8.
What is meant by on-off control?
9.
Express the proportional controller
10.
What is dead time?
11.
Define the stability of a linear system
12.
What is meant by controller timing?
13.
Define amplitude ration
14.
Name any two flow metering of liquids
15.
Explain the terms open loop and closed loop systems
16.
What is the advantage of using resistance thermometers?
17.
What are radiation pyrometers? Where is it used?
18.
What are the objectives of automatic process control?
19.
Define Nyquist stability criteria
20.
Explain the cross over frequency.
21.
Gain margin and phase margin
22.
Control valves
23.
Interacting systems
24.
Nyquist stability criterion
25.
Instrument lag
26.
Proportional band
27.
Closed and open loop systems
28.
Response of second order systems to step change
29.
Linearization
30.
Routh test
31.
Pneumatic relay
32.
Dead time
33.
Final control elements
28
34.
Frequency response technique
35.
Hydraulic control systems
36.
Pressure transducers
37.
Transportation lag
38.
Nichols chart
39.
Optimum controller settings
40.
Ratio control
41.
Feed forward control
42.
Essential elements of pneumatic controller
43.
Stability analysis
44.
On-off controllers
45.
Decay ratio
46.
Inverse derivative control
47.
Integral action.
48.
Sketch the transient response characteristics of
1)
a bare thermocouple 2) a shielded thermocouple.

49.
Draw electrical analogies for these two devices.
50.
Discuss the manometer dynamics with respect to the damping coefficient. On what physical
parameters of the manometer does this coefficient depend?
51.
Draw the block diagram of a control system illustrating a cascade control loop. Explain its
purpose.
52.
Discuss on the criteria for specifying the control and controller settings.
53.
Draw the instrumentation flow diagram for a shell and tube heat exchanger. State the
importance of such diagrams.
54.
With a neat sketch, explain the working of a proportional plus derivative mode of control.
Why the derivative controller cannot be used independently.
55.
Show by plot the transient output response of a derivative controller when it has been
disturbed by 1) Linear input 2) Sinusoidal input 3)Step input
56.
Write short notes on the dynamic behavior and dynamic characteristics of an instrument.
57.
Explain the terms 'amplitude ratio', 'proportional band', 'transducer', 'distance velocity lag'
and 'offset'.
58.
Describe how proportional plus integral action can be generated in a pneumatic controller.
State under what circumstances it is an advantage to use this combination. Under what
conditions would you prefer to replace the integral by derivative action?
59.
State and explain Ziegler-Nichols rules for controller settings.
29
60.
Name and define all the basic elements of a control system and show in a block diagram
their positions in the closed-loop which forms the system. Indicate where and how time lags
can arise in the system and explain how they add to the difficulty of control.
61.
Give one example each of a system with zero order and first order dynamics. Derive the
transfer function of a first order system.
62.
Discuss the merits and demerits in using hydraulic, pneumatic and electric control system in
process control.
63.
Explain, what is meant by the terms

capacity lag b) transfer lag
64.
c) transportation lag
a)
d) dead time
Explain with the help of a control circuit, how temperature of water in a shell and tube heat
exchanger, heated by hot oil (shell side) can be controlled.
65.
Explain how an on-off controller having no differential gap, is used to control liquid level in a
tank and indicate the draw backs.
66.
Discuss the factors that are to be considered in choosing a feed back or feed forward
controller in process control.
67.
Explain with the help of a neat sketch, the working of a pneumatic proportional plus integral
(PI) controller to control temperature in a process.
68.
Write the expression for proportional (P), proportional plus integral (PI), proportional plus
derivative (PD) and proportional plus integral plus derivative (PID) control actions and
explain the terms used therein.
69.
Derive an expression for the step response in inlet flow rate to two non-inter acting tanks in
series with equal time constant.
30
PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND ECONOMICS

1.
State the purpose of money market
2.
What is amortization?
3.
Define depletion
4.
What is equity share?
5.
What is fixed cost?
6.
Write the characteristics of long term loans
7.
What are variable costs?
8.
Write the advantages of balance sheet
9.
Profitability index of company X is 1.3 and that of company Y is 1.6. Which company has
economic dependence?
10.
Why do you expect the economic balance in a company?
11.
Briefly write about cost unit
12.
Why is there a transaction demand for money?
13.
What is Break even point?
14.
What is elasticity of demand?
15.
What happens if the nature of spending increases based on accelerator theory?
16.
What is span of control?
17.
Define job evaluation
18.
Draw an organization chart
19.
What is scientific management?
20.
What are the functions of marketing?
21.
Define value of money
22.
What is depletion?
23.
State any two methods of depreciation
24.
What is amortization?
25.
What is variable cost?
26.
Define cost indices
27.
Define fixed cost
28.
What is capacity factor?
29.
Define rate of return
30.
Define economic balance
31.
What is inflation?
32.
Define multiple equipment unit
33.
Write the expansion of G.N.P
31
34.
What is elasticity of demand?
35.
Define B.E.P
36.
What is business cycle?
37.
What is scientific management?
38.
Give any two types of organizations
39.
What is job evaluation
40.
Define fatigue
41.
Give the meaning of the term Inflation
42.
What are the effects of deflation?
43.
How will you calculate capital recovery factor?
44.
Which method of depreciation is permitted by the Income Tax department?
45.
Define: A) fixed costs B) variable costs
46.
What does payback method measure?
47.
What is Trial balance?
48.
What is discount factor?
49.
Define elasticity of demand
50.
What are the limitations of breakeven analysis?
51.
What are the uses of balance sheet?
52.
What is demand forecasting?
53.
Explain opportunity cost
54.
What is GDP?
55.
In the sinking fund deposit method the annual uniform payment 'R', when the principal is 'P'
sinking fund interest is 'I' and the period is 'n', is given by ______.
56.
Define 'Depletion'
57.
Name any four methods of calculating depreciation
58.
What is meant by capitalized cost? Where is it used?
59.
A storage tank was priced at Rs.5000 in 1982 when the cost index was 460. What is its value
today when the cost index is 800?
60.
Define 'Acid Test'
61.
List the factors to be considered in the evaluation of capital requirements for a process plant
62.
Explain the term 'Capacity factor'
63.
Define : Capitalized earning rate and capitalized pay-out time
64.
Discuss incremental costs for economic analysis
65.
Explain the terms: benefit cost ratio and profitability index
66.
Name the different methods of selecting various alternates
67.
What is meant by elasticity of demand?

32
68.
Explain: Consumer surplus
69.
What are the different types of business cycles?
70.
What is GNP?
71.
What is fatigue?
72.
Name the different types business cycles
73.
What is meant by merit rating?
74.
Explain Accident proneness
33
8HW - Computer Aided Process Plant Design - October 1998

1.
As the operating temperature increases the design stress decreases
2.
When radio graphic tests are conducted for pressure vessels, the joint efficiency is 0.85 for
spot radiography and 1.00 for 100% radiography.
3.
For stainless steel materials the corrosion allowance is zero.
4.
For elliptical heads the ratio of major axis to minor axis is 2:1
5.
What losses are taking place in the storage of volatile liquids? Evaporation losses, filling
losses, breathing losses.
6.
What is TEMA? Tubular Exchangers Manufacturers Association, USA. Heat Exchanger design
and fabrication Code.
7.
Corrosive fluids are passed through tube side of a shell and tube heat exchanger
8.
Baffles are provided in agitated vessels to prevent swirling.
9.
For triple effect evaporators the economy is approximately three.
10.
Heat transfer coefficient has the units of W/ (m2.K) in SI.
11.
Plate thickness: hole diameter is between ______:______ for sieve trays
12.
At minimum reflux ratio infinite number of plates are required for distillation.
13.
Define loading
14.
A redistributor is used for every 3D (i.e., 3 times the diameter of height) of the packed
section.
15.
In a dryer, number of flights ranges from _____D to _____D where D is in feet.
16.
Define cut size for a cyclone separator. (The minimum diameter of particle that can be
collected with 100% efficiency)
17.
Formation of new crystals is termed as __________.
18.
What is an induced draft cooling tower? (Air is sucked by the fans at the top of the tower)
19.
Indicate any two advantages of pressure filter
20.
Define critical speed of centrifuge.
21.
Floating head Heat exchanger is used for large temperature differentials
22.
Why triangular pitch is preferred than square pitch in tube layout in heat exchanger?
23.
Differentiate between evaporation and drying
24.
Fourier's law applies to _________
25.
Fruit juice can be concentrated in _________ evaporator
26.
The most common standard size of a bubble cap is marketed with _________ inches diameter
cup and _________ inches riser
27.
Azeotropic distillation is employed to separate _________ mixture
34
28.
Leaching is applicable to _________ system
29.
Flooding occurs in a column due to _________
30.
Reboiler is considered as one theoretical plate because _________
31.
Relative humidity is the ratio of vapor pressure of high volatile component, vapor pressure of
low volatile component
32.
Milk is dried to powder in _________ dryer
33.
For continuous drying of granular materials we use _________ dryer
34.
Crystal size in a continuous crystallizer depends upon _________, _________, and

_________
35.
In case of cooling towers the ratio of rates of heat and mass transfer is indicated by Lewis
number
36.
Reaction vessels with the same thickness of shell but smaller in diameter withstands higher
pressure
37.
Write an equation for power requirements for an agitator
38.
Draw a diagram of a concrete vessel for storing solids
39.
Under what conditions of liquids, vacuum drum filters are used?
40.
What is meant by maximum yield stress of a metal?
41.
A pump operating under specified conditions delivers insufficient quantity of fluid. How it can
be set right?
42.
Differentiate between the efficiency of venturi meter and orifice meter
43.
Define overall heat transfer coefficient in heat transfer
44.
Define HTU and NTU
45.
What is meant by weeping in a distillation column? How it can be eliminated?
46.
What is meant by unbound and bound moisture in a solid?
47.
Draw a line sketch of a top-driven centrifuge
48.
Why cooling towers are used in process industries?
49.
Suggest a suitable type of storage vessel for storing liquid ammonia. Give reasons for such
recommendation.
50.
What is meant by steam economy in the design of evaporators?
51.
What is meant by filter cake resistance? How it affects filtration?
52.
Give an equation for the calculation of power requirement for an agitator
53.
Mention various types of commercially available crystallizers
54.
Mention why different packings are used in a distillation or absorption tower
55.
Define adsorption phenomenon
56.
Why steam traps are used in heat transfer apparatus?
57.
What type of closures are used for pressure vessels? Why?

35
58.
What are the differences between condenser and a reboiler?
59.
Why low pressure steam is used in evaporators?
60.
What is meant by induced draft in cooling tower?
61.
What is meant by CPU?
62.
What are the various output devices?
63.
What is an assembly language?
64.
What is meant by Hierarch in computer operations?
65.
What is meant by dew point?
66.
Differentiate between ideal and nonideal mixtures.
67.
What is an azeotrope?
68.
Define activity coefficient.
69.
What are the disadvantages of a fixed tube sheet heat exchanger?
70.
What ranges of velocities are to be considered for gases in heat exchangers?
71.
Define boiling point elevation.
72.
Differentiate between an evaporator and a reboiler.
73.
What are the standard lengths adopted in shell and tube heat exchangers?
74.
What is the function of the downtake pipe in a calendria evaporator?
75.
What are the advantages of backward feed in multiple effect evaporation?
76.
What is absorption factor?
77.
Name the methods used for the determination of number of plates for multi component
systems.
78.
Name the types of trays used for distillation operation.
79.
What assumptions are implied in the McCabe and Thiele method?
80.
What methods are available for the determination of equilibrium data of nonideal mixtures?
81.
Explain briefly the elements of a digital computer
82.
What are the different operating systems used in computer?
83.
What does Hierarchy mean in computer operations?
84.
What are the various input devices?
85.
Explain the term 'assembly language'
86.
State the various thermodynamic properties of a binary mixture
87.
When do you use steam distillation?
88.
Explain briefly the use of vapor-liquid equilibrium data
89.
Explain how do you estimate the density of a gas mixture
90.
Define the term entropy and enthalpy
91.
Graphically represent how temperature profile varies with distance in a counter-current heat
exchanger
36
92.
Define the term 'relative volatility' and indicate its importance in the design of distillation
columns
93.
Explain the term limiting liquid to gas ratio in a stripper
94.
Define the term logarithmic mean temperature
95.
State the advantage of using backward feed multiple effect evaporators over forward feed
units
96.
Explain briefly how minimum reflux ratio is determined in a distillation operation
97.
State the assumptions made in McCabe-Thiele method of estimating the number of stages in
a distillation column
98.
Define the term 'number of transfer units' and 'height of transfer units' in a packed column
absorber
99.
Suggest what type of absorber do you use for absorbing hydrochloric acid gas
100. State the factors to be considered in the selection of a solvent for the given extraction
operation
101. Define computer logic.
102. What are the different types of operational systems?
103. Explain time-sharing.
104. Name some commonly used high level languages.
105. What is a source program and object program?
106. Define activity and fugacity.
107. What is meant by a single pass and multi pass heat exchanger?
108. What are the different equations available for calculating VLE data?
109. What are the advantages of a double pipe heat exchanger?
110. Draw a neat sketch of a single effect evaporator.
111. When do you use finned tube heat exchanger?
112. On what basis are heat exchangers classified?
113. Evaporators are classified according to _________.
114. What are the accessories that have to be used with the evaporators?
115. Define elevation in boiling point.
116. What are the different types of tower packing?
117. What is Henry's law; where is it applied?
118. Define HETP.
119. Describe triangular diagrams.
120. Define correction factors; where is it used in heat exchanger.
37
THERMODYNAMICS
1.
A centrifugal fan forms _______ system
2.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics defines _______
3.
The ratio of specific heat of a gas at constant pressure and at constant volume always
varies with _______
4.
Internal energy of ideal gas is a function of _______ alone
5.
Carnot cycle comprises _______ isothermal process and two _______ process
6.
A heat engine is supplied with 300 kJ/sec of heat at 600 K and heat rejection takes place at
300 K. Heat rejected is 100 kJ/sec. The data refers to _______ cycle
7.
Value of extensive properties of a system depends on _______ of the system
8.
Heat and work are _______ functions
9.
For a higher value of polytropic index the compressor work for a given pressure ratio is
_______
10.
Enthalpy of a gas depends on _______
11.
Inter-cooling in an air compressor helps in _______
12.
The function of providing clearance volume in a reciprocating air compressor is _______
13.
One ton of refrigeration is _______
14.
The refrigerant used in household refrigerator is _______
15.
The entropy of the universe _______
16.
The application of Gibbs Duhem equation is _______
17.
The compressibility factor of an ideal gas is _______
18.
What is fugacity coefficient?
19.
Define Activity. Define equilibrium constant.
20.
Define heat capacity. Is it path function?
21.
Write two equation of state for a real fluid
22.
What is the criteria of equilibrium in terms of fugacity?
23.
Write Margules equation and its significance
24.
Explain theoretical flame temperature
25.
Define activity
26.
What is an adiabatic process? Write the expression for work done during reversible adiabatic
process
27.
Explain thermodynamic state
28.
Explain excess function
29.
What are the various liquefaction processes?
30.
Explain Hess law of heat summation
38
31.
Define system and surroundings
32.
What is volumetric efficiency?
33.
What is the effect of inerts on equilibrium conversion?
34.
What is partial molal property?
35.
Define equilibrium constant
36.
State Zeroth law of thermodynamics
37.
Explain maximum boiling azeotropes
38.
Define net value and gross value of heat of combustion
39.
What is Joule-Thomson effect?
40.
What are reversible and irreversible processes?
41.
List out any five thermodynamic property changes for an ideal gas
42.
Explain the terms 'state function' and 'path function'
43.
What is an equation of state? Give the expression for any two equations of state
44.
Distinguish between compression and expansion of gases
45.
What is vapor-compression refrigeration cycle?
46.
What is compressibility factor?
47.
Define the term coefficient of performance in a refrigeration process
48.
What is a multistage compression?
49.
Give the classification of compression processes
50.
Give the four Maxwell relations
51.
What are the uses of thermodynamic formulations
52.
Give any two thermodynamic relations for calculating the entropy change of a real gas
53.
Define the term 'phase equilibrium'
54.
What are Van Laar and Margules equations?
55.
What is a thermodynamic consistency test?
56.
Explain the term 'partially miscible system'
57.
What are homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions?
58.
What is the use of making free energy change calculations in the thermodynamic analysis of
chemical reaction equilibria?
59.
What is path function?
60.
Explain internal energy
61.
When will be the kinetic energy of molecules zero?
62.
What are the various steps involved in a Carnot cycle?
63.
Define entropy
64.
What is compressibility factor?
65.
Explain reversible process

39
66.
What is an open system?
67.
Define third law of thermodynamics
68.
Explain the multistage compression
69.
Define excess property
70.
Explain C.O.P
71.
Define one ton of refrigeration
72.
Define standard heat of reaction
73.
Explain equilibrium constant
74.
What is heat pump?
75.
Explain activity
76.
State Vander Waals equation of state
77.
Define chemical potential
78.
What is the significance of van Laar equation?
79.
What is a state function? Give examples
80.
Explain enthalpy
81.
What is an isolated system?
82.
Define specific heat capacity
83.
Explain isothermal process
84.
Is entropy of the universe changing? Explain
85.
What is fugacity
86.
Explain Gibbs free energy
87.
Explain zeroth law of thermodynamics
88.
Define activity coefficient
89.
What is Henry's law?
90.
What is the criteria of equilibrium in terms of chemical potential?
91.
Explain virial equations
92.
State the properties of refrigerants
93.
What is Joule Thomson effect?
94.
Define heat of solution
95.
What is Margules equation?
96.
Define theoretical flame temperature
97.
What is equilibrium?
98.
Define critical temperature and critical pressure
99.
State at least three equations of state for gases and discuss the general applicability of
these equations.
40
100.
What is "Compressibility factor"? What is a generalized compressibility factor chart?

Construct qualitatively such a chart for low pressure range and discuss its use.
101.
Explain the concept of entropy.
102.
Derive Maxwell equations.
103.
Derive an expression for the work involved in case of an ideal single stage reciprocating
compressor having no clearance volume.
104.
What do you understand by convergent, divergent and convergent-divergent nozzle?

Explain their applications.
105.
Explain what do you mean by available energy.
106.
What do you understand by standard free energy change?
107.
Derive an expression for the efficiency of a Carnot cycle.
108.
With the help of temperature-entropy diagram and flow diagram, explain the working of a
single stage vapor compression refrigeration system. Deduce expressions for the coefficient
of performance, and horse power requirement per ton of refrigeration.
109.
What is Carnot's principle? With the help of Carnot's principle, show mathematically that it is
possible to define an absolute temperature scale, independent of the properties of any
particular substance. How would you fix up the length of a degree in such an absolute scale
of temperature?
110.
What should be the desirable properties of a refrigerant for a vapor compression

refrigeration system?
111.
Mention the advantages of multistage compression.
112.
State first law of thermodynamics and derive an energy equation for a steady state flow
process.
113.
Deduce Gibbs-Duhem equation in terms of activity coefficients.
114.
What is meant by residual volume of a gas? Show mathematically that the residual volume
of a gas does not necessarily approach zero as the temperature approaches zero along an
isotherm.
115.
Discuss the T-x-y, P-x-y and P'-T (vapor pressure vs temperature) diagram for binary
miscible systems. How does pressure affect the T-x-y diagram?
116.
Discuss Margules, Wohl and Wilson equation for estimation of activity coefficient.
117.
Explain the terms fugacity, chemical potential and activity.
118.
Derive the expression for volumetric efficiency in a single stage compressor.
119.
Show that Van Laar equation satisfies the Gibbs-Duhem equation.
120.
Discuss the effects of pressure, inerts, reactants ratio and temperature on chemical
reactions.
41
121.
What is the significance of the second law of thermodynamics with respect to transformation
of energy? Briefly make a general statement of the law.
122.
What is the objective of arranging for compressing air in stages with intermediate water
cooling to the original atmospheric temperature? Give the usual rules for the values of the
intermediate pressures in the case of (i) two stage and (ii) three stage compressor.
123.
Discuss partial molal properties.
124.
Discuss Retrograde condensation
42
MISCELLANEOUS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1.
What is meaning of PID how it is useful controllers?
2.
Is petroleum a mixture of hydrocarbon?
3.
How can we measure entropy?
4.
What is the meaning of flaring?
5.
Which thing is responsible for making petroleum?
6.
What is the difference between Horizontal and vertical heat exchanger?
7.
Which is more effective, a single extraction unit with a large volume of solvent or several
extraction units with small volumes? Explain.
8.
Name of the fraction at which benzene xylene and toluene is obtained during coal tar
distillation
9.
For a centrifugal pump if the pump is running and we close the discharge valve what is the
effect
10.
What is difference between overall heat transfer coefficient & individual heat transfer
coefficient?
11.
How to calculate suction head in centrifugal pump?
12.
How FOULING effected the heat transfer rate
13.
What are the ignition temperatures of Aluminum, Copper & Iron respectively?
14.
What is the ignition temperature of Diesel, Petrol & Carosion oil respectively?
15.
What are the apt definitions for apparent power, active power and reactive power? And give
explanation about different types of lamps?
16.
Which reformer efficiency wise best?
17.
Cetane no. and Sulfur required in diesel fuel for euro-IV?
18.
When selecting psv (pressure safety valve), what are all things we have to keep it in mind?
19.
What regulates, or gives a substance the viscosity it has?
20.
Why is steam added into the cracker in thermal cracking?
21.
Explain the Deacon reaction?
22.
What are the effects of oils on the properties of Polyolefins?
23.
What is Pinch Technology?
24.
How the plate heat exchangers are used in an ammonia refrigeration system?
25.
What are some good estimates for heat transfer coefficients for coils in tanks?
26.
Are fin tubes necessary for steam heating a liquid?
27.
How to calculate the release flow rates from pressurized gas systems?
28.
What is a good estimate for the absolute roughness for epoxy lined carbon steel pipe?
29.
What are the affinity laws associated with dynamics pumps?
43
30.
How to estimate the efficiency of a pump?
31.
What steps can be taken to avoid stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in steel vessels used for
storing anhydrous ammonia?
32.
What can cause bulk solids to stop flowing from a bin?
33.
What are the main terms in Unit Operations? And what are its characteristics?
34.
What is unit operation?
MECHANICAL + CHEMICAL
1.
NPSH for centrifugal pump
2.
Examples for Newtonian and non Newtonian fluid
3.
Stress strain diagram for fluid
4.
How do you come to know air is fully saturated
5.
Draw a convergent uniform and divergent circular pipe and draw hydraulic gradient line and
total energy line.
6.
What is the difference between specific gravity and density of a substance?
7.
Which have he highest value of thermal conductivity

a) Solid ice
b) Melting ice
c) Water
d) Boiling water
8.
Why we are not using the unit joule for torque instead of N-m.
9.
What is unit of mechanical work and power?
10.
Is it the relation between friction and power losses? is it relation among stress, friction and
power loses in circular ring ?
11.
Which cycle use in thermal power plant?

Ans: Rankine cycle is used in thermal power plant (steam), but in gas power plants brayton
cycle is used process involved in both are same i.e., const pressure heat add and rejection
along with isentropic expansion and compression but complexity arises in Rankine cycle due to
use of steam as it exist in different states (liquid and vapor)
12.
What is screw, centrifugal and rotary type compressors, how do they work and what is Principle
13.
What is the trigonometry of lifting tools using the wire rope? Any formula for trigonometry?
14.
What is back plate in centrifugal pumps and its purpose?
15.
Why green cartons are used in hospital?
16.
Why tyres are manufactured in black colour?
17.
What is friction?
18.
Whether ductile material can fail in brittle manner? When?
19.
On what property u can distinguish material as brittle or ductile?
20.
Name fuels used in nuclear power plant?

44
21.
Why we cant measure absolute entropy directly, but the change we can?
22.
What is Solution Annealing? Kindly explain its process in brief.
23.
Define Overall Heat transfer coefficient.
24.
Explain Why Nozzles are made convergent and Divergent?
25.
What is Dry Bulb Temperature and Wet Bulb temperature?
26.
What is pulverization? How cooling Tower height selected?
27.
What are types of pumps?
28.
What for orifice using in liquid flow line?
29.
If pump suction valve is throttled, what would be the result?
30.
What is Six Sigma, Where is it used and what is its Benefits?
31.
What is knocking?
32.
What is difference between annealing, tempering and normalizing
33.
What is difference between Centrifugal and Reciprocating compressor?
34.
Difference between stress & pressure
35.
How can we avoid gas bubbles formation while mixing high viscous liquids?
36.
What will happens when the head of a selected pump is not utilized in a closed loop water
circuit? Flow will increase or decrease or remain same?
37.
Where is the maximum temperature in refrigeration cycle?

A) Between evaporator & compressor.
B) At Compressor
C) between compressor and condenser.
D) At condenser
38.
What is priming pump? What is its function?
39.
What are different types of pneumatic conveying systems?
40.
State the CHARL'S LAW.
41.
How the velocity of the liquid is converted into pressure energy in a volute casing? How we
finally get the fluid at high velocity or high pressure?
42.
What is stress and strain? Give relation between them?
43.
In orifice why the pressure and temperature are decreases?
44.
What is NPHS and how do you calculate it for a centrifugal pump?
45.
What is meant by velocity & gravity? What is the difference between the normal liquid flow and
the gravity liquid flow?
46.
Difference between statics, dynamics, kinetics, kinematics.
47.
What is cavitation?
Ans: Cavitation is formation of air bubbles due to decrease in water pressure below its vapor
pressure
48.
How do you design distillation column?
49.
Define the difference between unit operation and unit process.

45
50.
What is physical significance of chemical potential & fugacity?
51.
How do you separate the mixture of water from benzene?
52.
Why the efficiency of multiple effects evaporator is less than the single effect evaporator?
53.
What is unit operation? What are the main terms in Unit Operations? And what are the main
characteristics its?
54.
Mention the Laws of Thermodynamics?
55.
What is Wilson Equation? And where is it useful
56.
Define: A)
57.
Why ACTIVITY is so useful than PARTIAL PRESSURE in thermodynamics point of view?
58.
Explain the mechanism of Capillary Action.
59.
Characteristics of LEACHING Solvent
60.
Distillation Vs Fractionation
61.
Why we use Flairing in the crude oil refining industry?
62.
What are the basis for selecting Deaerator operating pressure and temperature?
Activity and B)
Partial Pressure
Ans: Generally deaerator is designed slight high pressure than the atmospheric pressure. and
temperature is maintained at about 120 130 oC because dm water should supply at this temp
process heat is recovered by circulating this dm water down stream of deaerator.
63.
Explain the designing of distillation column
64.
Are carbon steel storage tanks appropriate for NaOH solutions?
65.
Are fin tubes necessary for steam heating a liquid?
66.
Cetane no. and sulfur required in diesel fuel for euro-IV
67.
Do you have recombinant protein expression experience? Explain?
68.
Explain the Deacon reaction?
69.
Explain various protein purification techniques?
70.
For a centrifugal pump if the pump is running and we close the discharge valve what is the
effect?
71.
How can we derive power factor equation P= Vi Cos ? Derive.
72.
How can we measure entropy?
73.
How the FOULING will effect the heat transfer rate
74.
How much experience you are having in commercial software for protein design?
75.
How much maximum power can be generated by 320v, 10kg-cm synchronous motor if shaft is
rotated mechanically at 50 to 60 rpm?
76.
How to calculate suction head in centrifugal pump?
77.
How to calculate the release flow rates from pressurized gas systems?
78.
How to calculate the sonic velocity of a gas stream?
79.
How to determine the particle size distribution for a given bulk solid?
46
80.
How to estimate the efficiency of a pump?
81.
Is it possible to compare the resistance to chloride attack of several materials of construction?
82.
Is petroleum a mixture of hydrocarbon?
83.
Name of the fraction at which benzene xylene and toulene are obtained during coal tar
distillation.
84.
What are the applications of Thyristor
85.
What are some good estimates for heat transfer coefficients for coils in tanks?
86.
What are the affinity laws associated with dynamics pumps?
87.
What are the effects of oils on the properties of Polyolefins?
88.
What are the precautions u are taking while starting HT motors?
89.
What are the steps involved in wine making?
90.
What can cause bulk solids to stop flowing from a bin?
91.
What compounds are responsible for the odors that come from wastewater treatment plants?
92.
What does the catalytic converter on an automobile do?
93.
What is a good estimate for the absolute roughness for epoxy lined carbon steel pipe?
94.
What are the main terms in Unit Operations? And what are its characteristics?
95.
What is difference between Overall heat transfer coefficient & individual heat transfer coefficient
96.
What is load and what are the types of load?
97.
What is micro stir?
98.
What is the difference between Horizontal and vertical heat exchanger?
99.
What is the discharge pressure formula, for calculating discharge pressure?
100. What is the Import Procurement Cycle? And what are the customization steps in SAP?
101. What is the most common cause of solid size segregation in bulk solid systems?
102. What is the purpose of capacitor? What is capacitor load? How does it connect?
103. What is the reason for removing silicon from aluminum?
104. What is the speed of a rotary drier
105. What is the symbol of sodium?
106. What are the various utilities of the process plant?
107. What regulates, or gives a substance the viscosity it has?
108. What steps can be taken to avoid stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in steel vessels used for
storing anhydrous ammonia?
109. Which thing is responsible for making petroleum?
110. Why is post-weld heat treatment sometimes necessary for welded vessels?
111. Why is steam added into the cracker in thermal cracking?
47
HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

112. State Fouriers laws of conduction in one dimension
113. Explain LMTD and NTU methods
114. Explain the concept of black body
115. Differentiate between parallel and counter flow exchangers
THERMODYNAMICS
116. What are various thermodynamic systems and their basic definitions?
117. What is meant by the triple point of water?
118. Which Law of Thermodynamics is relevant when you inflate a tyre?
119. Explain a perfect gas and its properties
120. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
121. Explain simple vapor compression cycle in a refrigerator
122. Which compressor is usually used in air conditioners?
123. What is ASHRAE?
124. Explain Joule-Thomson effect
125. Explain Sensible heating and cooling, super heating and Sub cooling
126. What is the significance of multi compressor refrigerator system?
127. What is meant by 1 TR?
128. What is meant by sensible heat factor?
129. Differentiate between RSHF and GSHF
130. What is meant by effective temperature?
131. Differentiate between absolute and kinematic viscosity
132. What is water hammer? What is the function of surge tank and penstock?
133. What is Magnus effect? Explain Mach number.
134. What is Cavitation? Explain slip in reciprocating pumps.
FLUID MECHANICS:
135. Define laminar flow & Turbulent flow
136. What is the value of Reynolds no in pipe flow
137. What is the significance of Reynolds no
138. Head losses in pipe
139. Define boundary layer in pipe flow & thickness of boundary layer
140. What is the variation of d in laminar & turbulent flow
48
EIL-2009:
141. Polymers molecular weight range
Ans: 10^3 to 10^7
142. If the insulation thickness is greater than the critical radius Rc then what is effect on the heat
losses? Explain the phenomena.
Ans: Increases the Heat Transfer Rate.
143. Initially Pulp has 75% Water in it. After removal Of 100 kg of Water the Pulp then composition
of water in it is 30%. So what is the initial weight of the Pulp?
144. What is the Order and molecularity Of the reaction? H2+Cl2
___
>
2HCl
145. Heat of the Reaction One Question They gave some Reaction and The heat o formations of
Reactants and Products.
Ans: The heat o formations of (Products Reactants)
146. The kinetics of two reactions are r1=k1CA and r2=K2 CA2 and they have E1 < E2 to maximize the
selectivity which reactor configuration should we use?
Ans: PFR with low Temperature
147. Write relation for the reaction 1/2 N2+O2
___
>NO2
Ans: -r (N2) = -2 r(O2)= 2 r(NO2)

148. The pilot plant distillation Column is scaled up for 3 times then what will be effect on
a) # of the trays b) Liquid and Vapor flow rates c) minimum # of the trays
149. When a distillation column is operating minimum reflux ratio then what happens?
150. Solvent contains (no solute A) water of 10 Kg and Solid (30 Kg) contains Xf=0.2 we have to
find out the weight of Extract? /some thing likes this?
151. Measure Of Volatility = (YA/XA)/(YB/XB)
152. How do you find the composition when Benzene is mixed with some toulene at 80 oC for known
Equilibrium Pressure and Vapor Pressures of both Of components?
Ans: Benzene and Toulene in liquid mixture obeys Roults Law by using this we can find
composition
153. Define Compressibility factor
154. Boiling temp of substance A is 60 oC and substance B is 80 oC then the boiling point of the
mixture A and B will be _______________.
155. In which case the Work for Compression in a Cylinder is minimum
Isothermal Process
a)
b) Adiabatic Process c) Polyntropic Process
156. What is the range of applicability for Dittus Bolteuss correlation in transport processes?
157. What is the function of the baffles in a heat exchanger
49
158. What will you do to enhance the heat transfer coefficient in natural convection
159. Which of the following requires Power /Kg Crushed is minimum
a) boll mill
b)rod mill
c) jaw Crusher
160. Classify the mills based on the A) material size B) the power consumption
161. State the stokes law and mention its limitations
162. Write the transfer functions for various controllers.
163. State the Phase rule and its application
164. What do you call the conversion of aromatics to alkanes?
165. What is the working principle of the cyclone separator?
166. What is the fanning factor?
167. What is the effect of the Pressure on specific heat of a gas and liquid?
be a Chemical Engineer.
With Best Wishes,
Srinivas Tulishetti
50

Uç Fü - Ç - Ätá Gâä - Á (Xàà - Àé À (X WXW - Vtàxw V (Xå - Vtä XÇZ - Çxxüá: Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Uç Fü - Ç - Ätá Gâä - Á (Xàà - Àé À (X WXW - Vtàxw V (Xå - Vtä XÇZ - Çxxüá: Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TECHNICAL QUESTIONS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

{x wxw|vtxw v{x|vt xz|xx

Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering by Srinivas Tulishetti

CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING

Discuss the thermodynamic restrictions on the progress of reversible reactions.

Differentiate between an elementary and a non-elementary reaction with suitable examples.

Discuss Arrhenius, Collision, and Transition state theories of temperature dependence of

>S, takes place in a mixed flow reactor. Find the

Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering by Srinivas Tulishetti

Compare the performance of fluidized-bed, trickle-bed and slurry reactors.

What is understood by 'optimum temperature progression'? Illustrate with an example of

Compare the performance of an adiabatic and an isothermal reactor, choosing an example of

Promoters and Inhibitors

Semi-batch reactors and utility

Stimulus - response technique to find RTD in reactors.

Non-ideal flow patterns ins real reactor systems

Zero order reactions

Theile modulus and effectiveness factor for porous catalysts

Pore volume and pore size distribution in catalysts

Optimum temperature progression

Space time and holding time of flow reactors.

Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering by Srinivas Tulishetti

8HF - Industrial Catalysis - October 1998

What are the functions of a catalyst?

Classify catalysts on the basis of electron mobility.

Name the metal catalysts, at least two of them.

What are catalyst carriers?

Why inhibitors are used?

What are the limitations of Longmuirs adsorption isotherm?

Explain Freundlich isotherms.

Differentiate between physical adsorption and chemisorption.

Differentiate between micropores and macropores.

Name two methods of preparation of catalysts.

Name two hydrogenation catalysts.

Name two laboratory heterogeneous catalytic reactors.

Define Peclet Number.

Define the effectiveness factor of a catalyst.

Differentiate between catalyst poisoning and fouling.

What are catalyst supports?

How the deactivated catalysts regenerated?

Name the different types of heterogeneous catalytic reactions.

Differentiate between monolayer and multilayer adsorption.

How is evaporated film metal catalyst produced?

What are the functions of carriers?

How oxide catalysts are classified?

How conductity measurements useful to predict catalyst activity of a catalyst?

How is an electronic factor influences the activity of catalyst?

Name the materials which are suitable for catalyst carriers.

How is charcoal supported palladium catalyst prepared?

What is callled autocatalysis? Give example.

Technical Questions in Chemical Engineering by Srinivas Tulishetti

How is ionic heterogeneous catalytic reactions carried out? Give example.

Name the reactor and catalyst used for dehydrogenation of hydrocarbons.

What are called bifunctional catalysts?

How is multitude of variables affect the activity of a catalyst?

What are called negative catalysts? Give examples.

What are called carriers? Give examples.

What is called micro heterogeneous catalyst. Give examples.

Define contact time. Mention its usefulness.

Differentiate between catalyst and an initiator.

What is meant by selectivity?

Explain briefly Freundlich isotherm.

Differentiate between activated and inactivated chemisorption.

Mach number is the ratio of to

Viscosity may be described as the ratio between and

An ideal fluid has no or

Froude number is expressed as a ratio between and forces

forces. These are _____, _ and _______

Dynamic pressure is the difference between and

Pump size is determined on the basis of and___

The coefficient of discharge for a given orifice is a function of _and _