OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide

HyperWorks 13.
0
OptiStruct Reference Guide
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OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide
Reference
...........................................................................................................................................
Guide
1
Input
Data
...............................................................................................................................................
2
The Bulk
Data
Input
File
................................................................................................................................... 3
Guidelines
for I/O Options and Subcase Information Entries
...................................................................................................................................
7
Guidelines
for Bulk Data Entries
...................................................................................................................................
9
Solution
Sequences
Data
Selectors
(Table)
................................................................................................................................... 14
Summary
of Defaults for I/O Options
...................................................................................................................................
15
I/O Options
Section
................................................................................................................................... 22
Subcase
Information Section
...................................................................................................................................
233
Bulk...................................................................................................................................
Data Section
318
Element
Quality Check
...................................................................................................................................
2160
Material
Property Check
...................................................................................................................................
2189
Output Data
...............................................................................................................................................
2197
List
of Files Created by OptiStruct (Alphabetical)
...................................................................................................................................
2200
Results
Output by OptiStruct
...................................................................................................................................
2346
Legacy
Data
............................................................................................................................................... 2378
Previous
(OS3.5) Input Format
...................................................................................................................................
2379
Setting Up Decks in OptiStruct 5.0 with OptiStruct 3.5 Objectives and
Constraints
................................................................................................................................... 2384
Previously
Supported Input
...................................................................................................................................
2388

Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering
Reference Guide
Input Data
Output Data
Legacy Data
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Input Data
I/O Options Section
Subcase Information Section
Bulk Data Section
Element Quality Check
Material Property Check

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The Bulk Data Input File

The input file in OptiStruct is composed of three distinct sections:
The I/O Options Section
The Subcase Information Section
The Bulk Data Section
The I/O Options Section controls the overall running of the analysis or optimization. It
controls the type, format, and frequency of the output, the type of run (check, analysis,
super element generation, optimization or optimization restart), and the location and names of
input, output, and scratch files.
The Subcase Information Section contains information for specific subcases. It identifies
which loads and boundary conditions are to be used in a subcase. It can control output type
and frequency, and may contain objective and constraint information for optimization
problems. For more information on solution sequences, see the table included on the Solution
Sequences page of the online help.
The Bulk Data Section contains all finite element data for the finite element model, such as
grids, elements, properties, materials, loads and boundary conditions, and coordinates
systems. For optimization, it contains the design variables, responses, and constraint
definitions. The bulk data section begins with the BEGIN BULK statement.
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These sections can be arranged in either a one-file setup or a multi-file setup (there is also an
obsolete two-file setup that is no longer recommended).
One-File Setup
In a one-file setup, all three data sections are included in one file. The bulk data section
must be the last section. It is recommended that the extension .fem be used for this file.
Multi-File Setup
A multi-file setup is facilitated through the use of INCLUDE statements. This option enables
you to include information from other files without cutting and pasting. INCLUDE statements
may be placed in any section of the one or two-file setup, but must include information
appropriate to the section.
The following example shows how an additional subcase can be added to the Subcase
Information section.
input.fem file
sub2.inc
$
Subcase 1
SPC = 1
Load = 2
$
INCLUDE sub2.inc
$
BEGIN BULK
$
Subcase 2
SPC = 1
Load = 3
The solver reads all files and positions the lines of the included file at the location of the
INCLUDE statement in the input.fem file. An echo of the input.fem file as read by
OptiStruct would be:
$
Subcase 1
SPC = 1
Load = 2
$
Subcase 2
SPC = 1
Load = 3
$
BEGIN BULK
$

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Two-File Setup
This setup is obsolete; the one-file or multiple-file setups are recommended.
The two-file setup separates the control data (I/O Options section and Subcase Information
section) from the model data (Bulk Data section). If the input file does not contain a BEGIN
BULK statement, the solver attempts to read the model data from another file:
If the INFILE card is present in the I/O Options section, the argument given on this
card is the name of the file that contains the model data.
If the INFILE card is not present in the I/O Options section, and the input file does not
have the extension .fem, the name of the file containing the model data will be
constructed from the input file by replacing the extension with .fem.
The two-file setup allows you to perform runs using multiple control data files and a single
model file and vice versa. It is recommended that the .parm extension be used for control
data files and the .fem extension be used for model data files.
Notes: The format of the input sections in OptiStruct
are similar to those of the Nastran format.
File names specified on INCLUDE and other cards
(RESTART, EIGVNAME, LOADLIB, OUTFILE, TMPDIR,
ASSIGN) can be arbitrary file names with optional
paths appropriate to the operating system (Windows
or UNIX). They may be enclosed in quotes (double or
single quotes can be used), and either forward slash
(/) or back slash (\) characters can be used to
separate parts of the pathname.
The solver uses the following rules to locate a file name
on the INCLUDE cards:
When the argument contains the absolute path
of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX or a drive
letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example),
the file at the given location is used.
When only the file name is given (without the path),
the file has to be located in the same directory as
the file containing the INCLUDE statement.
When the argument contains a relative path
(../filename or sub/filename, for example), it
is located in the directory relative to the file
containing the INCLUDE statement and is NOT
relative to the directory in which the solver was
executed, or to the directory where the main file
is located.
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Compressed input files

An input file and referenced included files can be optionally compressed using gzip
compression. A compressed file has to have the extension .gz appended to the file name.
Valid example file names are: input.fem.gz, input.gz, and input.dat.gz. Compressed files
can be mixed with plain ASCII files. The INCLUDE card does not have to be modified when a
file is compressed. For example, if the card INCLUDE infile.dat were present, the reader
would search for infile.dat and continue on to search for the compressed file,
infile.dat.gz, if not found. Other input files (such as RESTART, ASSIGN) cannot be
compressed.

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Guidelines for I/O Options and Subcase Information

Entries
The following guidelines apply to all entries in the I/O Options and Subcase Information
sections:
All input cards are limited to 80 characters per line; all characters after the 80th are
skipped. SYSSETTING,CARDLENGTH may be used to change the number of characters
allowed in each line.
Cards which require a file name (OUTFILE, RESTART, INCLUDE, LOADLIB, TMPDIR,
EIGVNAME, ASSIGN) can contain up to 200 characters in a single line. Alternatively,
the file name may be continued in several lines if it is enclosed in quotes (" or ). When
combining continuation lines, all trailing and leading blanks in each line are omitted.
Other blanks, including all blanks between the quote and file name, are considered as
part of the file name.
File names can contain an absolute or relative path. Forward slash (/) or back slash
(\) characters can be used to separate parts of a path name. Absolute paths are
discouraged since they prevent moving files from one location to another, and may
cause unexpected failures, as in PBS or a similar batch environment.
Windows style file names, starting with the drive letter (for example: D:/users/mbg/
workarea), can be used on UNIX/Linux only when environment variable(s)
DOS_DRIVE_# are defined. Content of the respective environment variable replaces
the first two letters (D:) in the file name, and the expanded file name must fit within
200 characters. Alternatively, the DOS_DRIVE_# option can be specified in the config
file. UNC format (//server/path/filename) is not accepted.
Each line of data contains up to ten fields in free format. Entries in the free format are
separated by any number of characters from the following set:
(blank)
, (comma)
(
)
=
File names and titles (TITLE, SUBTITLE, LABEL) are exceptions to this rule.
P2G / K2GG / M2GG / B2GG entries allow more than ten fields per line (up to
CARDLENGTH limit).
GROUNDCHECK / WEIGHTCHECK / EIGVRETRIEVE / XYPLOT allow more than ten fields
per line and are the only entries which allow continuation.
Dollar signs, $, in any column denote comments. All characters after the dollar sign
until the end of the line are ignored. A dollar sign can be a part of a file name or title,
but the full title or file name must be enclosed in quotes (" or ) in such cases.
Lines which begin with two slashes, //, or a pound symbol, #, are read as comment
lines. Blank lines are also assumed to be comment lines.
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Continuation lines are marked with a trailing comma character in the preceding line.
Numeric entries must start with a digit, +, or -.
Integer entries may not contain decimal points or exponent parts, and must fit in the
range of values allowed for INTEGER*4 (usually 2**31<x<2**31).
Integer data placed in the field reserved for real valued data is accepted and
converted to a double precision.
Character entries longer than eight characters are silently truncated, except for the
title strings and file names. All character strings, except user-provided labels, titles,
and file names, are case insensitive (can be typed in lower or upper case). File names
are always case sensitive, except with Windows, where the operating system does not
care for case.
Abbreviated keyword entries are accepted and recognized properly using the first four
characters. When a four character abbreviation is not unique, the full length keyword
has to appear on the data line (but only the first eight characters are used if the
keyword is longer).
Examples
The following three lines are equivalent:

DISPLACEMENT (form) = option
disp FORM option
displa ,, form , oPTIOn
The following is a card with multiple continuation lines:

XYPLOT, XYPEAK, VELO, PSDF / 3(T2),
6(T2), 8(T2), 10(T2),
20(T2)
The following is a path split across several lines:

INCLUDE "path/
/split into multiple / lines
/filename.txt "
is equivalent to:
INCLUDE "path//split into multiple / lines/filename.txt "
Note that several spaces, the space at the end in particular, which are valid parts of this
name, may cause unexpected results.

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Guidelines for Bulk Data Entries

The following guidelines apply to all entries in the bulk data section:
Data may contain 80 characters per line at most. All characters after the 80th are
ignored. The only exception is for the INCLUDE data entry. SYSSETTING,CARDLENGTH
can be used to change the number of characters allowed in each line.
Each line of data contains up to nine fields in one of the three accepted formats:
Fixed Format
Each field consists of eight characters (shown below).
Large Field Fixed Format

Each field consists of 16 characters; two consecutive lines form nine fields, similar to
other formats (shown below). Large field format is recognized by the first character
after the keyword, or by the first character in each continuation line, which must be
*. The second line (half line), if present, must also contain * in the first column.
The first and last field in each half line is eight characters long. The last field on each
first half-line and the first field on each second half-line are ignored.
The following examples show the same card in fixed and large field formats:
Free Format
Fields are separated by commas; blank characters surrounding commas are not
significant. Two consecutive commas define empty (blank) fields. If a comma is
present in a line of data, it is assumed to be free format data. Continuation lines for
free format start with a blank, '+' or '*'.
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Large field free format and short field free format are available, but there is no limit on
the length of entries, and all floating numbers are read and stored with full precision
(64-bit REAL*8) in either case. The only difference between large and short free
format is that the latter allows for 8 data fields in each line (in positions 2 9), while
the former allows for 4 data fields per line (similar to the large field fixed format
detailed above).
If there is a comma within the first 10 characters in a line, the line is assumed to be in
free format; otherwise, if there is an '*' immediately after the card name or a
continuation line starts with '*', then the line is accepted as large field fixed format.
All other lines are read in as fixed format.
Use of fixed format limits the range of integer data (-9,999,999 .. 99,999,999) and the
accuracy of floating point numbers, but does not influence the internal storage of data
in particular all floating point numbers are always read and stored with full precision
(64-bit REAL*8).
Bulk data is always limited to 9 fields per line. Content of 10th field and the first field
of each continuation line are silently skipped when fixed format is used (other codes
can use these fields for special purposes, such as to mark matching continuation lines).
Extensions of free format (which may allow more than 9 fields in a line) are not
accepted. An error message is issued when a free format card contains more than 9
fields. This error can be disabled (changed to non-fatal warning) through the use of
SYSSETING,SKIP10FIELD.
Dollar signs, $, in any column denote comments. All characters after the dollar sign
until the end of the line are ignored. Dollar signs can only appear in quoted files
names.
Lines which begin with two slashes, //, or a pound symbol, #, are read as comment
lines. Blank lines are also assumed to be comment lines.
The full keyword of each bulk data entry must be given starting from the first column.
Abbreviated keywords are not allowed.
The format of most bulk data entries is similar to that for Nastran. Not all entry
options are supported by OptiStruct. Consult the list of fields and options supported.
Continuation entries must follow the parent entries. If the first character of any entry
is either a blank, a +, or an *, it is treated as a continuation of the previous entry.
If the entire line is blank, it is treated as a comment line.
An ENDDATA entry or end-of-file denotes end of data. Lines after the ENDDATA entry
are ignored.
All Bulk Data entries must appear after the BEGIN BULK statement in the input data.
The content of the tenth field in each card, and that of the first field in each
continuation card, is disregarded.
Each entry can be placed anywhere within the field. For example, blanks preceding
and following an entry are ignored, except the keyword entry, which must be left
justified in its field.
10

Altair Engineering
No entry can contain blanks within the data.

Character entries (labels) must start with a letter.
Numeric entries must start with a digit, + or -.
Integer entries may not contain a decimal point or an exponent part, and must fit in
the range of values allowed for INTEGER*4 (usually 2**31<x<2**31).
Integer data placed in the field reserved for real valued data is accepted and
converted to a double precision. However, certain fields have alternate functions
where the nature of the number entered indicates the desired function; one function
requires an integer while the other requires a real number in this case, no conversion
is performed.
Real valued data can be entered without exponent part, with exponent part and
explicit letter E or D or with exponent part starting with a sign (without E or D). All
real values are stored internally as double precision data (64-bit REAL*8) without
regards to which format was used to enter them. Following are valid examples of input
for real valued data:
1.
0.1
.1
+.1
-0.1
1e5
1e+5
1+5
1.0E-5
.1d-5
.00001-05
Character entries longer than eight characters are silently truncated in large field and
free field formats, with the exception of file names on the INCLUDE entry (see
documentation for INCLUDE entry) and the LABEL field on DESVAR, DRESP1, DRESP2,
DRESP3, and DTABLE entries (allows up to 16 characters).
Continuation lines do not have to be in the same format as the parent entries. It is
allowed to mix lines in different formats within a single bulk data card.
Invisible tab characters are equivalent to the number of spaces needed to advance to
the nearest tab stop. Tab stops are placed at the beginning of each eight-character
field. Use the SYSSETTINGS,TABSTOPS option to change this value, for example, to
tab stops at 4-character fields.
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11
Replication of GRID data

Replication is a limited data generation capability which may be used for GRID data
only.
Duplication of fields from the preceding GRID entry is accomplished by coding the
symbol =.
Duplication of all trailing fields from the preceding entry is accomplished by coding
the symbol ==.
Incrementing a value from the previous entry is indicated by coding *x or *(x),
where x is the value of the increment. x should be a real number for real fields
or an integer for integer fields. The parentheses will be ignored and removed.
Only the fields for ID, CP, X, Y, Z, and CD can be incremented. The PS data
cannot be incremented.
Replication data can follow other replication data.
Entered entries:
GRID,101,17,1.0,10.5,,17,3456
GRID,*1,=,*(0.2),==
GRID,*100,,=,=,*10.0,==
GRID,20,17,==
Generated entries:
GRID
101
17
1.0
10.5
17
3456
GRID
102
17
1.2
10.5
17
3456
GRID
202
1.2
10.5
10.0
17
3456
GRID
20
1.2
10.5
10.0
17
3456
17
Removal of duplicate entries

Removal of duplicate entries is a limited to GRID, CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S, CORD2R,
CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries only.
To be considered duplicates, the GRID ID, CP, CD, and PS fields must be the same.
The GRID coordinates should be the same within the setting determined by
PARAM,DUPTOL.
For the coordinate information to be considered duplicate, the CID and GID must be
the same and the vector components and axis locations must be the same within the
setting determined by PARAM,DUPTOL.
The removal of duplicated GRID data is performed after any GRID data is generated
using the GRID replication feature.
For all other cards which require a unique ID, it is an error if any given ID appears more
than once. However, to facilitate application of changes resulting from optimization, it
is possible to redefine content of some cards using a separate file defined with
12

Altair Engineering
ASSIGN,UPDATE.
Altair Engineering

13
Solution Sequences - Data Selectors (Table)
Key:
R
Required Data Selector.
Optional Data Selector. All optional data selectors can be set equal to zero in order to
override inheritance from default settings (data selectors appearing before the first
subcase).
Either one of the selectors marked E are required, both are optional.
Exactly one selector marked A is required.

Data selector may be defined above the first subcase, in which case it is used in any
subcase where it is allowed (as long as it has not been defined specifically).
**
METHOD(Fluid) and SDAMPING(Fluid) are allowed when the model does not contain fluid
parts, but a warning is issued in such cases.
Direct Frequency and Transient solutions only allow reference of FREQ, FREQ1 and
FREQ2. Modal Frequency and Transient solutions also allow reference of FREQ3, FREQ4
and FREQ5.
14

Altair Engineering
Summary of Defaults for I/O Options

Output Format Controls
Card
When card is not

present
When card is present,

but no argument is
given
FORMAT
HM & H3D*
error
OUTPUT
no effect
no effect
*The OptiStruct Configuration File may be used to change the default

settings.
Run Controls
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
CHECK
no effect
active (has no arguments)
CMSMETH
no effect
no effect
RESTART
no effect
<prefix of filename>.sh
SYSSETTING
no effect
no effect
@HyperForm
no effect
File Names, Headers, and Locations
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15
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
ASSIGN
N/A
error
EIGVNAME
OUTFILE is used
error
INCLUDE
N/A
error
LOADLIB
N/A
error
OUTFILE
prefix of filename
error
SUBTITLE
N/A
blank
TITLE
N/A
blank
TMPDIR
./ or .\
error
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
ACCELERATION
NONE
ALL
AUTOSPC
NO
YES
CONTF
NONE
ALL
CSTRAIN
NONE
ALL
CSTRESS
NONE
ALL
DAMAGE
NONE
ALL
DISPLACEMENT
ALL
ALL
EDE
NONE
ALL
Analysis Output
16

Altair Engineering
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
EKE
NONE
ALL
ELFORCE
See FORCE
ELSTRESS
See STRESS
ENERGY
NONE
ALL
ERP
NONE
ALL
ESE
NONE
ALL
FLUX
NONE
ALL
FORCE
NONE
ALL
FORMAT
no effect
FLX
GPFORCE
NONE
ALL
GPKE
NONE
ALL
GPSTRESS
NONE
ALL
GSTRESS
See GPSTRESS
LIFE
NONE
ALL
MBFORCE
no effect
ALL
MECHCHECK
no effect
N/A
MODALDE
NONE
ALL
MODALKE
NONE
ALL
MODALSE
NONE
ALL
MPCFORCE
NONE
ALL
OLOAD
NONE
ALL
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17
18
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
PFGRID
NONE
error
PFMODE
NONE
error
PFPANEL
NONE
error
PFPATH
NONE
error
POWERFLOW
NONE
ALL
PRESSURE
ALL
ALL
PRETBOLT
NO
YES
REQUEST
NONE
error (has no arguments)
SACCELERATION
NONE
ALL
SDISPLACEMENT
NONE
ALL
SINTENS
NONE
ALL
SPCFORCE
NONE
ALL
SPL
NONE
ALL
SPOWER
NONE
ALL
STRAIN
NONE
ALL
STRESS
ALL
ALL
SVELOCITY
NONE
ALL
TCURVE
N/A
blank
THERMAL
NONE
ALL
THIN
NONE
ALL
UNITS
NONE
error (has no arguments)

Altair Engineering
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
VELOCITY
NONE
ALL
XTITLE
N/A
blank
XYPEAK
NONE
error
XYPLOT
NONE
error
XYPUNCH
NONE
error
YTITLE
N/A
blank
Except for frequency response subcases, where the default is NONE.

Except for frequency response and transient subcases, where the
default is NONE.
Optimization Output
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
DENSITY
ALL
ALL
DESGLB
no effect
error
DESHIS
ALL
ALL
DSA
no effect
error
HISOUT
15
15
PROPERTY
FILE
FILE
RESPRINT
no effect
no effect
RESULTS
FL
FL
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19
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
SENSITIVITY
NONE
NOSTRESS
SENSOUT
FL
FL
SHAPE
ALL
ALL
THICKNESS
ALL
ALL
Other Output Controllers
20
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
DMIGNAME
AX
AX
ECHO
no effect
active
ECHOON
no effect
ECHOOFF
no effect
MODEL
ALL
ALL
MSGLMT
no effect
error
OFREQUENCY
ALL
ALL
OMODES
ALL
ALL
OTIME
ALL
ALL
SCREEN
NONE
OUT
TTERM
NONE
REAL

Altair Engineering
Random Response
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
RCROSS
NONE
ERROR
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
DGLOBAL
NONE
ERROR
Card
When card is not

present

but no argument is
given
HYBDAMP
NONE
ERROR
RADSND
no effect
ERROR
Optimization
FE Analysis
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21
I/O Options Section
22

Altair Engineering
@HYPERFORM
I/O Options Entry
@HyperForm - One-step Stamping Simulation Run
Description
The @HyperForm statement indicates an input file for one-step stamping simulation written
from HyperForm.
Format
@HyperForm
Comments
1.
Must be present as the first line of the input file to allow the one-step stamping related
bulk data entries to be accepted as input.
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23
ACCELERATION
I/O Options and Subcase Information Entry
ACCELERATION - Output Request
Description
The ACCELERATION command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request acceleration vector output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
ACCELERATION(sorting,format,form,rotations,random,peakoutput) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>
This argument only applies to the PUNCH format

(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output
for normal modes, frequency response, and
transient subcases. It will be ignored without
warning if used elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
SORT1:
Results for each frequency/

timestep are grouped together.
SORT2:
Results for each grid/element are

grouped together (See comment
8).
blank:
For frequency response analysis,

if no grid SET is specified, SORT1
is used, otherwise, SORT2 is
used; for transient analysis,
SORT2 is used.
<HM, H3D, HG, OPTI, HM:

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT,
blank>
H3D:
Default = blank
HG:
24
Results are output in HyperMesh

binary format (.res file).
Results are output in Hyper3D
format (.h3d file).
Results are output in HyperGraph
presentation format (_freq.mvw
file and _tran.mvw file) see
OUTPUT keywords HGFREQ and
HGTRANS.

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
OPTI:
Results are output in OptiStruct

results format (.dispfile).
PUNCH:
Results are output in Nastran

punch results format (.pch file).
OP2:

output2 format (.op2 file) (see
comment 11).
PLOT:

output2 format (.op2 file) when
PARAM, POST is defined in the
bulk data section.
If PARAM, POST is not defined in
the bulk data section, this format
allows the form for complex
results to be defined for XYPUNCH
output without having other
output.
form
<COMPLEX, REAL,
IMAG, PHASE,
BOTH>
blank:
Results are output in all active

formats for which the result is
available.
COMPLEX (HM
only), blank:
Provides a combined magnitude/

phase form of complex output to
the .res file for the HM output
format.
Default (HM only) =

COMPLEX
REAL or IMAG:
Default (all other
formats) = REAL
PHASE:
Provides rectangular format (real

and imaginary) of complex output
(See comment 9).
Provides polar format (magnitude
and phase) of complex output.
Phase output is in degrees (See
comment 9).
BOTH (HM only): Provides both polar and

rectangular formats of complex
output.
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25
Argument
Options
Description
rotations
<ROTA, NOROTA>
ROTA:
Requests output of rotational

acceleration results (in addition
to translational acceleration
results).
NOROTA:
Rotational acceleration results are

not output.
PSDF:
Requests PSD and RMS results

from random response analysis to
be output.
Default = NOROTA
random
<PSDF, RMS>
No default
Only valid for the H3D format.

The "RMS over Frequencies"
output is at the end of the
Random results.
RMS:
Requests only the RMS over

Frequencies result from random
response analysis to be output.
Valid only for the H3D format.
peakoutput
<PEAKOUT>
PEAKOUT:
If PEAKOUT is present, only the

filtered frequencies from the
PEAKOUT card will be considered
for this output.
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank:
Acceleration is output for all

nodes.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Acceleration is not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, acceleration

is output only for nodes listed in
that set.
Default = blank
option
26

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
When the ACCELERATION command is not present, acceleration results are not output.
2.
Acceleration output is only available for frequency response and transient analysis
solution sequences.
3.
The form argument is only applicable for frequency response analysis. It is ignored for
other analysis types.
4.
The forms BOTH and COMPLEX do not apply to the .frf output files.
5.
Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry; these should be comma separated. If no
format is specified, then this output control applies to all formats defined by OUTPUT or
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output for information
on the results available and their respective formats.
6.
Multiple instances of this card are allowed; if instances are conflicting, the last instance
dominates.
7.
For optimization, the frequency of output to a given format is controlled by the I/O
option OUTPUT. In previous versions of OptiStruct, a combination of the I/O options
FORMAT and RESULTS were used; this method is still supported, but not recommended as
it does not allow different frequencies for different formats.
8.
In general, HyperView does not recognize the SORT2 format for results from the .op2 file.
When results are output only in SORT2 format (<Result Keyword> (SORT2, OUTPUT2,
.)), the results are written by OptiStruct into the .op2 file in SORT2 format, but when
the .op2 file is imported into HyperView, the results in SORT2 format are not recognized.
Therefore, the SORT1 option is recommended for results output in OUTPUT2 format and
SORT2 option is recommended for results output in PUNCH format.
9.
Results in binary format (.h3d or .op2) are always output in PHASE/MAG form, regardless
of the options specified in the FORM field. The corresponding post-processors
(HyperView/HyperGraph) can easily convert the PHASE/MAG format to the required
formats. Results in ASCII formats are output in the specified/requested FORM.
10. The abbreviations ACCE and ACCEL are interchangeable with ACCELERATION.
11. format=OUTPUT2 can also be used to request results to be output in the Nastran output2
format (.op2 file).
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27
ASSIGN
ASSIGN Input Definition
Description
The ASSIGN command can be used in the I/O Options section to identify external files and
their contents.
Format
ASSIGN, type, option1, option2
Type
Option1
Option 2
Description
AKUSMOD
filename
N/A
Identifies an external file from which to read the

AKUSMOD fluid-structure coupling matrix.
If this is not defined, it is presumed that the
AKUSMOD coupling matrix is to be found in the same
directory as the solver input file and is given the file
name, ftn.70.
Use of the AKUSMOD fluid-structure coupling matrix
requires the presence of PARAM,AKUSMOD,YES.
ENGINE
SUBCASE ID
filename
Identifies an external file from which to read

modification commands to be applied on the
intermediate RADIOSS Engine file translated in the
NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN solutions.
SUBCASE ID=0 means all NLGEOM, IMPDYN and
EXPDYN subcases.
See comment 1.
EXCINP
SUBCASE ID
filename

modal participation factors calculated by AVL/
EXCITE for both transient and FRF residual runs.
While running an AVL/EXCITE analysis, a .INP4 file is
generated that contains the modal participation
factors. The .INP4 file can be used along with the
original flex h3d file to recover stresses, strains,
displacements, velocities, and accelerations from a
28

Altair Engineering
Type
Option1
Option 2
Description
dynamic analysis run. The SUBCASE ID is used to
specify which SUBCASE the modal participation
factors should be used for.
H3DDMIG
matrixname
filename
Identifies an external nodal flexh3d file from which to

read DMIG matrices. Provides a prefix (matrixname)
for the matrices contained therein, and the path to
and the name of the flexh3d file. All of the matrices
in the h3d file are used in the analysis by default. If
only some of the matrices are to be used, then use
the K2GG, M2GG, K42GG, and B2GG data to specify
which matrices are to be used. The unreferenced
matrices will not be used in this case.
H3DCAA
Load ID
filename
Identifies an external file that contains information

necessary for Computational Aero-Acoustic (CAA)
analysis. The information in this external file is then
used to conduct frequency response analyses. This
file (.h3d format) is currently generated by
AcuSolve and includes pressure values from
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Analysis at
each loading frequency. The specified LoadID can
be referenced by CAALOAD data (CAAID field) for
the application of load in a model.
H3DCDS
matrixname
filename
Identifies an external file from which to read complex

dynamic matrices for a CDS residual run. Provides a
prefix (matrixname) for the matrices contained
therein and the path to and the name of the
filename_CDS.h3d file. All of the matrices in the
filename_CDS.h3d file are used in the analysis.
H3DMBD
Flex Body ID
filename
Identifies an external nodal flexh3d file which

contains the analysis recovery information for
displacements, velocities, accelerations, stresses
and strains. Provides a Flex Body ID for the
information therein, and the path to and the name
of the flexh3d file.
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29
Type
Option1
Option 2
Description
MBDINP
SUBCASE ID
filename

modal participation factors calculated by
MotionSolve for transient analysis.
While running MotionSolve, an .mrf file is generated
that contains the modal participation factors. The
.mrf file can be used along with the original flex h3d
file to recover stresses, strains, displacements,
velocities, and accelerations during a transient
analysis run. The SUBCASE ID is used to specify
which SUBCASE the modal participation factors
should be used for.
MMO
Model Name
filename
Identifies an external file to be included in a MultiModel Optimization (MMO) run. Model Name is a
user-defined label for the model, which can be used
to qualify model-specific responses referenced on
the DRESPM continuation lines of the DRESP2/
DRESP3 entries.
PUNCH
filename
N/A
Identifies an external file as the location to write

DMIG data in PUNCH format.
STARTER
SUBCASE ID
filename
Identifies an external file from which to read

modification commands to be applied on the
intermediate RADIOSS Starter file translated in the
NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN solutions.
SUBCASE ID=0 means all NLGEOM, IMPDYN and
EXPDYN subcases.
See comment 1.
SIMPINP
30
SUBCASE
filename
Identifies an external .unv file generated while

running a multi-body dynamic analysis in SIMPACK.
The resulting CMS flexbody modal participation
factors in the .unv file can be used by OptiStruct to
recover the dynamic displacements, velocities,

Altair Engineering
Type
Option1
Option 2
Description
accelerations, stresses and strains.
The SUBCASE ID is used to specify which SUBCASE
the modal participation factors should be used for.
UPDATE
filename
N/A

updated cards after an optimization run.
Currently, the following cards are supported:
GRID
MAT1, MAT2, MAT3, MAT4, MAT5, MAT8, MAT9,
MAT10
PSHELL, PSOLID, PBAR, PBEAM, PELAS, PVISC,
PDAMP, PBARL, PBEAML, PMASS, PROD, PBUSH,
PBUSH1D, PACABS
PAABSF, PWELD, PCOMPP, PSHEAR, PTUBE
CTRIA3, CQUAD4, CTRIA6, CQUAD8
CONM2
Examples
ASSIGN, PUNCH, C:\CMS\h3ddmig.pch
ASSIGN, H3DDMIG, AX, C:\CMS\h3ddmig.h3d
Comments
1.
For geometric nonlinear subcases, two types of modification commands are available in
the external file defined with ASSIGN,STARTER/ENGINE: insert and replace.
insert
Usage:
Inserts content between keywords /INSERT and /ENDINS to the

intermediate RADIOSS Block deck at line number LINENUM.
Syntax:
/INSERT,LINENUM
Content to be inserted
/ENDINS
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31
replace
Usage:
Uses content between keywords /REPLACE and /ENDREP to replace the

content in the intermediate RADIOSS Block deck between line numbers
LINENUM1 and LINENUM2.
Syntax:
/REPLACE,LINENUM1, LIMENUM2
Content as replacement
/ENDREP
2.
The SEINTPNT subcase information entry can only be used to convert interior super
element grid points in .h3d files referenced by ASSIGN, H3DDMIG.
Limitations:
Each subcase can only be defined with a maximum of one ASSIGN,STARTER entry and
one ASSIGN,ENGINE entry.
In the external file, the line numbers (LINENUM after /INSERT, and LINENUM1 after /
REPLACE) should be input in increasing order.
For subcases in the same load sequence (defined by CNTNLSUB), ASSIGN,STARTER
settings should be identical.
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Altair Engineering
AUTOSPC
I/O Options Entry
AUTOSPC - Automatically Constrains Stiffness Singularities
Description
The AUTOSPC command requests that stiffness singularities and near singularities be
constrained automatically with single point constraints.
Format
Argument
Description
PRINT
Enables the printout of a summary table of singularities.

(Default)
NOPRINT
Disables the printout of a summary table of singularities.
PUNCH
Creates a PUNCH file with SPC data for each AUTOSPC DOF
for each SUBCASE. The SPC SID is the SUBCASE ID.
NOPUNCH
Do not create a PUNCH file with SPC data for each

AUTOSPC DOF for each SUBCASE.
(Default)
Comments
1.
YES is the default.
2.
Replaces parameters PARAM,AUTOSPC and PARAM,PRGPST.
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33
CDSMETH
I/O Options Entry
CDSMETH Run Control
Description
The CDSMETH command can be used in component dynamic synthesis method for generating
component dynamic matrices at each loading frequency.
Format
CDSMETH = CDSID
Example
CDSMETH = 10
Argument
Option
Description
CDSID
<INTEGER>
ID of CDSMETH in bulk data section.
Default = NONE
Comments
1.
If CDSMETH is specified, only one subcase is allowed. The data corresponding to

component dynamic synthesis will be stored in an H3D file with the name,
filename_CDS.h3d.
2.
The subcase must be a modal frequency response subcase, except it does not require a
DLOAD card for load specification.
34

Altair Engineering
CHECK
I/O Options Entry
CHECK - Run Control
Description
The CHECK command can be used in the I/O Options section to request that only a model
check be performed.
Format
CHECK
Comments
1.
Perform model check only.
2.
If this keyword is present, only the subroutines which read in the input files are executed.
A report that provides information on errors in the model and the memory and disk space
requirements is given.
3.
Useful for large runs since the amount of memory and time required to perform this
function is very small.
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35
CMDE
I/O Options Entry
CMDE - Output Request
Description
The CMDE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition to
request component modal synthesis damping energy output for all subcases or individual
subcases respectively.
Format
CMDE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=type)
= option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
blank:

available.
Default = blank
thresh
Specifies an absolute threshold under which results

should not be output.
<Real>
No default
rthresh
Specifies a relative threshold under which results

should not be output. This value is relative to the
corresponding total modal energy.
<Real>
No default
topn
<Integer>
Specifies that only the top N values should be

output.
No default
36

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
type
<AVERAGE,
AVERAGE:
AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
The average of the energy is

output.
Default = AVERAGE
AMPLITUDE:
The amplitude of the energy is

output.
PEAK:
The peak energy is output. This

is the sum of AVERAGE and
AMPLITUDE.
mset
Description
<ALL, SID, TOTAL> ALL:

Default = ALL
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
Default = ALL
Modal energy is output for all

modes.
SID:
If a set ID is given, modal energy

is output only for modes listed in
that set.
TOTAL:
Only the total energy is output.
YES, ALL, blank: Modal energy is output.
NO, NONE:
Modal energy is not output.
Comments
1.
When the CMDE command is not present, component modal synthesis damping energy is
not output.
2.
Component modal synthesis damping energy output is only available for frequency
response analysis (both direct and modal methods). It is intended for use when external
CMS superelements are used.
3.
on which results are available in which formats.
4.
dominates.
5.
option OUTPUT. In previous version of OptiStruct, a combination of the I/O options
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37
CMKE
I/O Options Entry
CMKE - Output Request
Description
The CMKE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition to
request component modal synthesis kinetic energy output for all subcases or individual
Format
CMKE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=type)
= option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
blank:

available.
Default = blank
thresh

<Real>
No default
rthresh

<Real>
No default
topn
<Integer>

output.
No default
38

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
type
<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AVERAGE:

output.
Default = AVERAGE
AMPLITUDE:

output.
PEAK:
The peak energy is output. This

is the sum of AVERAGE and
AMPLITUDE.
mset
<ALL, SID, TOTAL> ALL:

Default = ALL
option

modes.
SID:
If a set ID is given, modal energy

is output only for modes listed in
that set.
TOTAL:
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
YES, ALL, blank: Modal energy is output.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Comments
1.
When the CMKE command is not present, component modal synthesis kinetic energy is not
output.
2.
Component modal synthesis kinetic energy output is only available for frequency response
analysis (both direct and modal methods). It is intended for use when external CMS
superelements are used.
3.
4.
dominates.
5.
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39
CMSE
I/O Options Entry
CMSE - Output Request
Description
The CMSE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition to
request component modal synthesis strain energy output for all subcases or individual
Format
CMSE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=type)
= option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
blank:

available.
Default = blank
thresh

<Real>
No default
rthresh

<Real>
No default
topn
<Integer>

output.
No default
40

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
type
<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AVERAGE:

output.
Default = AVERAGE
AMPLITUDE:

output.
PEAK:
The peak energy is output. This is

the sum of AVERAGE and
AMPLITUDE.
ALL:

modes.
SID:
If a set ID is given, modal energy is

output only for modes listed in that
set.
TOTAL:
YES, ALL,
blank:
Modal energy is output.
NO, NONE:
mset
<ALL, SID,
TOTAL>
Default = ALL
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When the CMSE command is not present, component modal synthesis strain energy is not
output.
2.
Component modal synthesis strain energy output is only available for frequency response
analysis (both direct and modal methods). It is intended for use when external CMS
superelements are used.
3.
4.
dominates.
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41
5.
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Altair Engineering
CONTF
CONTF Output Request for Contact Results
Description
The CONTF entry can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
contact results output for all nonlinear analysis subcases or individual nonlinear analysis
Format
CONTF (format, type) = option
Type
Options
Description
format
<H3D, OPTI,
blank>
H3D:
Results are output in Hyper3D format

(.h3d file). See below for type.
OPTI:
The total contact force results are

output to the .cntf file.
blank:

available.
ALL:
All available contact results types

are output.
FORCE:
Contact force results are output.
PCONT:
Pressure-type contact results are

output: pressure, open-closed
status, contact gap opening and
penetration (see comment 2).
FRICT:
Friction-related results are output:

frictional traction, sliding distance,
and stick-slip status (see comment
2).
YES, ALL,
Contact results are output for all grid
Default = blank
type
<ALL,FORCE,
PCONT,FRICT>
Default = ALL
option
<YES, ALL,
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43
Type
Options
Description
NO, NONE,
SID>
blank:
points.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Contact results are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, contact results

are output only for grid points listed
in that set.
Comments
1.
The CONTF entry is only applicable in nonlinear analysis subcases that are identified by the
presence of an NLPARM subcase entry. The specific detailed result types displayed differ
slightly between NLSTAT and geometrically nonlinear subcases.
2.
Most of the contact results are real numbers and are self-explanatory. Some results that
may require clarification are listed below:
Open/Closed status is represented by 0.0 for Open and 1.0 for Closed. On graphical
display, intermediate values may appear due to transition from open to closed across
individual elements,
Slip/Stick Status is represented by 0.0 for Open, 1.0 for Slip and 2.0 for Stick. On
graphical display, intermediate values may appear due to transition of status across
individual elements,
Sliding Distance represents total sliding distance accumulated while the surfaces are in
contact. This may be different than just the difference in displacements between the
starting and final position.
3.
The calculation of contact results on both sides of contact interface involves projections
and mappings. Therefore, a perfect match of results between two sides cannot be
expected, especially on mismatched meshes. Also, the resolution of different types of
results (pressure versus gap opening) differs according to their respective FEA
interpolation order. Therefore, such results may appear locally inconsistent, especially on
second order meshes and mismatched mesh densities. (Usually pressure and traction will
appear smoother than gap opening or penetration.)
4.
Only formats that have been activated by an OUTPUT or FORMAT statement are valid for
use on this entry.
5.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output for further
information.
6.
Multiple instances of this entry are allowed; if the instances conflict, the last instance
dominates.
44

Altair Engineering
CSTRAIN
CSTRAIN - Output Request
Description
The CSTRAIN command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request ply strain output for elements referencing PCOMP or PCOMPG properties for all
subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
CSTRAIN (format_list,type,extras_list) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT,
blank>
HM:

results format (.res file).
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
OPTI:

results format (.cstr file).
PUNCH:
Results are output in Nastran punch

results format (.pch file).
OP2:

comment 10).
PLOT:

PARAM, POST is defined in the bulk
data section.
blank:

formats, for which the result is
available.
Default = blank
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45
Argument
Options
Description
type
<ALL, PRINC>
ALL, blank:
All strain results are output.
PRINC:
Only principal strain results are

output.
MECH:
Output Mechanical strain (in

addition to total strain). This
output is only available for H3D
format.
THER:
Output Thermal strain (in addition

to total strain). This output is only
available for H3D format.
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID, PSID>
YES, ALL, blank:
Results are output for all elements.
Default = YES
NO, NONE:
Results are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, results are

output only for elements listed in
that set.
PSID:
If a property set ID is given, results

for the elements referencing
properties listed in the property set
are output.
Default = ALL
extras
<MECH, THER>
No default
option
Comments
1.
When the CSTRAIN command is not present, ply strain results are not output.
2.
This output is not currently available for the frequency response or transient solution
sequences.
3.
The STRAIN I/O option controls the output of strain results for the homogenized
composite material.
46

Altair Engineering
4.
FORMAT commands, for which the result is available. See Results Output for information
5.
dominates.
6.
The SOUT field on the PCOMP or PCOMPG bulk data entry must be set to YES to activate
strain results calculation for the corresponding ply.
7.
For plies defined on a PCOMPG bulk data entry, the results are grouped by GPLYID.
8.
FORMAT and RESULTS were used; this method is still supported, but not recommended as it
does not allow different frequencies for different formats.
9.
The mechanical and thermal contributions to strain may be requested in addition to the
total strain.
format (.op2 file).
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47
CSTRESS
CSTRESS - Output Request
Description
The CSTRESS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request ply stress and failure index output for elements referencing PCOMP or PCOMPG
properties for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
CSTRESS (format_list,type) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH,OP2, blank>
HM:

Default = blank
H3D:

(.h3d file).
OPTI:
Results are output in OptiStruct results

format (.cstr file).
PUNCH:

OP2:
Results are output in Nastran output2

format (.op2 file) (see comment 10).
blank:

formats, for which the result is
available.
type
<ALL, PRINC, FI>

Default = ALL
48
ALL, blank:
All stress results are output.
PRINC:
Only principal stress results are

output.
FI:
Only failure index results are

output. Failure Index results are
not available in the .pch and .op2
files.

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
Option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID, PSID>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Results are output for all

elements.
Default = YES
NO, NONE:
SID:
If a set ID is given, results are

output only for elements listed in
that set.
PSID:
If a property set ID is given,

results for the elements
referencing properties listed in the
property set are output.
Comments
1.
When the CSTRESS command is not present, ply stress and failure index results are not
output.
2.
This output is not currently available for the frequency response or transient solution
sequences.
3.
The STRESS I/O option controls the output of stress results for the homogenized
composite material.
4.
Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry, these should be comma separated. If no
FORMAT commands, for which the result is available. See Results Output for information
5.
dominates.
6.
The SOUT field on the PCOMP or PCOMPG bulk data entry must be set to YES to activate
stress results calculation for the corresponding ply. For Failure Indices to be calculated,
the FT and SB fields on PCOMP or PCOMPG bulk data and stress (or strain) allowables on
the referenced materials need to be defined.
7.
For plies defined on a PCOMPG bulk data entry, the results are grouped by GPLYID.
8.
9.
Failure Index results are not available in the .pch and .op2 files.
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49
format (.op2 file).
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DAMAGE
DAMAGE Output Request
Description
The DAMAGE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request fatigue damage results output for all fatigue subcases or individual fatigue subcases
respectively.
Format
DAMAGE (format, type) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, OPTI,
blank>
H3D:
Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d

file).
OPTI:

format (.fat file).
blank:
Results are output in all active formats for

which the result is available.
SUB:
Only the total damage from the fatigue

subcase is output.
LOAD:
Damage contribution from each static

subcase and total damage from the fatigue
subcases are output.
EVENT:
Damage contribution from each FATEVNT

and total damage from fatigue subcases are
output.
ALL:
Damage contribution from each FATEVNT,

damage contribution from each static
subcase and total damage from fatigue
subcases are all output.
Default = blank
type
<SUB, LOAD,
EVENT, ALL>
Default = SUB
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51
Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL,
blank:
NO, NONE:
SID:
If a set ID is specified, results are output

only for elements listed in that set.
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output by OptiStruct for
information on which results are available in which formats.
2.
dominates.
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DENSITY
DENSITY - Output Request
Description
The DENSITY command can be used in the I/O Options section to request density output for a
topology optimization.
Format
DENSITY (format_list,type) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT,
blank>
HM:

H3D:

format (.h3d file).
OPTI:

results format (.dens file).
PUNCH:

OP2:

comment 6).
PLOT:

PARAM, POST is defined in the bulk
data section (see comment 6).
blank:

available.
ALL:
Results are output in all simulations.
DES, blank:
Results are only output in the

design history simulations.
Default = blank
type
<ALL, DES>
Default = DES
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53
Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Results are output
Default = YES
NO, NONE:
Comments
1.
When the DENSITY command is not present, density results are output.
2.
Density results are only available for topology optimizations.
3.
Outputting the density results in all simulations allows analysis results to be plotted on
the density iso-surface in HyperView.
4.
The frequency of this output is controlled by the DESIGN keyword on an OUTPUT definition
or, if no OUTPUT definition exists with the DESIGN keyword, by the DENSRES I/O option.
5.
6.
Density results are reported as element strain energy in the .op2 file.
7.
dominates.
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DESGLB
I/O Options Entry
DESGLB Constraint Selection
Description
The DESGLB command can be used in the I/O Options section, before the first subcase
statement, to select a constraint set that is not subcase dependent.
Format
DESGLB = integer
Argument
Options
Description
integer
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a DCONSTR or DCONADD bulk

data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
The constrained response referenced by the DESGLB constraint selection must not be
subcase dependent.
2.
Only one DESGLB entry can be defined in the I/O options section for the entire model.
3.
This entry is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.
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DESHIS
I/O Options Entry
DESHIS - Output Control
Description
The DESHIS command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the creation of the
optimization history file .hgdata.
Format
DESHIS = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, ALL, NO> YES, ALL, blank:

Default = YES
NO:
.hgdata file is created.

.hgdata is not created.
Comments
1.
56
When the DESHIS command is not present, the .hgdata file is created.

Altair Engineering
DGLOBAL
I/O Options Entry
DGLOBAL - Input Definition
Description
The DGLOBAL command can be used in the I/O Options section to activate the Global Search
Option (GSO).
Format
DGLOBAL = n
Argument
Options
Description
(Integer > 0)
Identification of a DGLOBAL bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
This command must reference a DGLOBAL bulk data entry to run GSO.
2.
This data can exist only once in the I/O section.
3.
This command activates a global search algorithm to run an optimization of user-defined

design variables from multiple starting points.
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DISPLACEMENT
DISPLACEMENT - Output Request
Description
The DISPLACEMENT command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request displacement vector output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
DISPLACEMENT (sorting,format,form,rotations,random,peakoutput,modal,complex
eigenvalue analysis) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>
This argument only applies to the PUNCH format (.pch

file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output for
normal modes, frequency response, and transient
subcases. It will be ignored without warning if used
elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
58
SORT1:
Results for each frequency/timestep are

grouped together.
SORT2:

grouped together (See comment 9).
blank:
For frequency response analysis, if no

grid SET is specified, SORT1 is used,
otherwise, SORT2 is used; for transient
analysis, SORT2 is used.
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH,OP2,
PATRAN, HG,
APATRAN, PLOT,
blank>
HM:
Results are output in HyperMesh results

format (.res file).
H3D:

(.h3d file).
Default = blank
OPTI:

format (.disp file).
PUNCH:


Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
OP2:

PATRAN:
Results are output in Patran format

(multiple files).
HG:

presentation format (_freq.mvw file and
_tran.mvw file) see OUTPUT keywords
HGFREQ and HGTRANS.
APATRAN:
Results are output in Alternative Patran

format (multiple files).
PLOT:

format (.op2 file) when PARAM, POST is
defined in the bulk data section.
If PARAM, POST is not defined in the bulk
data section, this format allows the form
for complex results to be defined for
XYPUNCH output without having other
output.
blank:
form
Results are output in all active formats

for which the result is available.
<COMPLEX,
REAL, IMAG,
PHASE, BOTH>
COMPLEX (HM
only), blank:
Provides a combined magnitude/phase

form of complex output to the .res file
for the HM output format.
Default (HM
only) = COMPLEX
REAL or IMAG:
Provides rectangular format (real and

imaginary) of complex output (See
comment 10).
Default (all other

formats) = REAL PHASE:
Provides polar format (magnitude and

phase) of complex output. Phase
output is in degrees (See comment
10).
BOTH (HM only): Provides both polar and rectangular

formats of complex output.
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59
Argument
Options
Description
rotations
<ROTA, NOROTA>
ROTA:
Rotational displacement results are

output. Only works with H3D and HM
output streams. Rotations are always
output with translations for other
output streams.
NOROTA:
Rotational displacement results are not

output. Only works with H3D and HM
output streams. Rotations are always
output with translations for other
output streams.
PSDF:
Requests PSD and RMS results from

random response analysis to be output.
Default =
NOROTA
random
<PSDF, RMS>
No default
Only valid for the H3D format. The

"RMS over Frequencies" output is at
the end of the Random results.
RMS:

peakoutput <PEAKOUT>
PEAKOUT:
If PEAKOUT is present, only the filtered

frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will
be considered for this output.
MODAL:
If MODAL is present, displacements of

the structural modes and residual
vectors are output to the PUNCH and
OUTPUT2 files for modal frequency
response and transient analysis.
Default = Blank
modal
<MODAL>
Default = Blank
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Argument
Options
complex
eigenvalue
analysis
<UNSTABLE>
option
Description
UNSTABLE:
If UNSTABLE is present, the

displacement results from the unstable
modes (only) of a complex eigenvalue
analysis are output.
Blank:
Displacement results are output for all

modes by default (See comment 1).
Default = Blank
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank: Displacement is output for all grids.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Displacement is not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, displacement is

output only for grids listed in that set.
Comments
1.
When DISPLACEMENT command is not present, displacement is output for all grids for all
subcases, except for frequency response subcases.
2.
3.
4.
5.
dominates.
6.
7.
Rotation results are output in radians.
8.
For normal modes output, if there is USET U6 data the static residual displacement
vectors associated with the USET U6, DOF are also output to the PUNCH, H3D, and
OUTPUT2 files.
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9.
10. Results in binary format (.h3d or .op2) are always output in PHASE/MAG form, regardless
11. The four-letter abbreviation DISP is interchangeable with DISPLACEMENT.
format (.op2 file).
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DMIGNAME
I/O Options Entry
DMIGNAME - Reduced Matrix Name Definition
Description
The DMIGNAME command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the name given to
the reduced matrices written to an external data file.
Format
DMIGNAME = mtxname
Argument
Options
Description
mtxname
<up to 6
characters>
The name given to the reduced matrices written to an

external data file, when PARAM, EXTOUT is present in
the bulk data section.
Default = AX
If PARAM, EXTOUT, DMIGPCH is used, then the file

outfile_mtxname.pch is created.
If PARAM,EXTOUT, DMIGBIN is used, then the file
outfile_mtxname.dmg is created.
Both files contain the matrices:
KAmtxname - reduced stiffness matrix
MAmtxname - reduced mass matrix
Pmtxname - reduced loading matrix
Note: The reduced mass matrix is only output if an
eigenvalue subcase is present in the input file
and the reduced loading matrix is only output if a
linear static subcase is present in the input file.
Comments
1.
When a DMIGNAME command is not present, AX is used for mtxname.
2.
Only one occurrence of DMIGNAME is permitted.
3.
DMIGNAME must appear before the first subcase.
4.
See Direct Matrix Approach in the User's Guide for more detailed usage information.
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63
DSA
DSA - Design Sensitivity Analysis Output Request
Description
The DSA command can be used in the I/O Options section to request Design Sensitivity
Analysis results in a frequency response analysis.
Format
DSA (TYPE, PEAKOUT, PROPERTY) = SID
Examples
DSA(DISP,PROPERTY)=12
DSA(VELO,PEAKOUT)=45
DSA(ACCE,PEAKOUT,SCALE)=23
Argument
Options
Description
TYPE
<DISP,PRES,VELO The options are Displacement, Pressure, Velocity and

Acceleration respectively.
,ACCE>
Default = DISP
PEAKOUT
Default = blank
PROPERTY
Default = blank
If PEAKOUT is present inside the parentheses of the DSA

entry, the filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT card
will be considered for DSA results.
If the PROPERTY flag is present:

This indicates that design sensitivities represent the
change in design response due to a change in design
properties (instead of design variables).
If the PROPERTY flag is not present:
This indicates that design sensitivities represent the
change in design response due to a change in design
variables.
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Argument
Options
SID
<SID>
Description
SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRIDC.
Comments
1.
dominates. If this entry is defined above the first subcase then it is applied to all
subcases. If it is defined within a specific subcase then it is applied to that subcase only.
2.
If the input deck doesn't contain any optimization data (apart from DESVARs), then a
MASS objective function is automatically created along with responses and constraints
corresponding to the DSA request. If the input deck contains a valid optimization setup,
then it's augmented with the DSA request.
3.
In the H3D file, the "SCALE" value is only printed when the PROPERTY argument is not
present within the parentheses of the DSA entry. The sensitivities are pre-scaled when
the PROPERTY argument is present in the DSA entry, so the scaling factor is not required
in the H3D file.
4.
OUTPUT, H3DSENS can be used to include (or exclude) user-defined responses in the DSA
output. The table below lists the sensitivities that are output for each option.
5.
Sensitivities output from a

complete Optimization setup
(User-defined/specified
responses via DRESP1,
DRESP2, DRESP3)
Output
Sensitivities requested via

the DSA output request
OUTPUT, H3DSENS, USER
Yes
Yes
OUTPUT, H3DSENS, NOUSER
Yes
No
(responses are
automatically defined)
Design variables and their corresponding design properties must be defined in the input
deck if sensitivity output is requested through the DSA entry.
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65
ECHO/ECHOON/ECHOOFF
I/O Options Entry
ECHO - Output Control
ECHOON - Output Control
ECHOOFF - Output Control
Description
The ECHO command can be used in the I/O Options section causing the output of the
interpreted forms of subcase information and bulk data entries to the .out file.
The ECHOON command can be used in the I/O Options, Subcase Information, or Bulk Data
sections causing the (verbatim) output of any subsequent I/O options, subcase information,
or bulk data entries to the .out file until an ECHOOFF command is encountered.
The ECHOOFF command can be used in the I/O Options, Subcase Information, or Bulk Data
sections suppressing the output of any subsequent I/O options, subcase information, or bulk
data entries to the .out file until and ECHOON command is encountered.
Format
ECHO = option1
ECHOON = option2
ECHOOFF
Example
ECHO = SORT(EIGR,EIGRL,ASET1,SPOINT,PARAM,SPC1,SPCADD,MPCADD,
DLOAD,RLOAD2,DAREA,DPHASE,FREQ1,TABLED1,TABDMP1)
Argument Options
Description
option1
<SHORT, PUNCH,
{cardname}, EXCEPT
{cardname}, blank>
SHORT:
Only entries having less than 20

instances are echoed to the .out
file.
<MAT, PROP, ELEM>
PUNCH:
Writes interpreted echo of all

bulk data entries to the .echo
file.
{cardname}:
Only bulk data entries with the

given {cardname} are echoed to
the .out file.
Default = blank
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Argument Options
Option2
Description
<PARSED>
EXCEPT
{cardname}:
Only bulk data entries with the

given {cardname} are not
echoed.
blank:
Writes interpreted forms of all

subcase information and bulk
data entries to the .out file.
MAT, PROP,
ELEM:
Adds all cards of the specified

class to the list for ECHO.
PARSED:
Bulk data entries are converted

to free format (comma
separated) before echoing.
blank:
Bulk data entries are echoed

verbatim.
Default = blank
Comments
1.
When an ECHO command is not present, no input information is echoed.
2.
The interpreted echo always includes SUBCASE cards (solution related), but not output
control cards.
3.
The cards are organized within groups, for example, optimization cards appear after model
definition cards, and most cards are sorted by their numerical IDs.
4.
The interpreted echo may contain some cards that are automatically generated or
converted during reading (for example, a CQUADR card shows as CQUAD4, or a CMASS1 card
shows as a CMASS3 when only scalar points are referenced). Unreferenced cards may not
show in the printout. PARAM,DOPTRM,OSDIAG will not be shown.
5.
ECHO will be produced from internal representation of each card, thus it will be
equivalent, but not identical to the input:
For most of the optional fields, the blank from input will be printed in ECHO as default
value.
Fields which are not recognized or not used by OptiStruct are left blank.
Some values which would generate warning on the input will be printed after
adjustment.
Optional continuation cards may be printed even if they did not appear in the input.
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67
6.
The interpreted echo is always printed using a fixed field format (8 character fields)
except GRID and DMIG cards, which are printed using free format (comma separated
fields) with 10 decimal digits accuracy. Note that the use of IDs larger than 99,999,999
is allowed, but ECHO will not be usable in these cases as such IDs cannot be printed in
fixed format.
DMIG cards are usually very large and are not shown in the interpreted echo. Adding the
card:
OSDIAG,167,1
anywhere in the control section will force full printout of DMIG cards if the interpreted
echo is requested.
7.
{cardname} contains the list of all cards which are to be included in the interpreted echo
(or excluded, if EXCEPT keyword is present). This list may contain ELEM, MAT, or PROP
keywords, which is equivalent to listing all valid element, material, or property names,
respectively.
8.
Multiple ECHO cards are allowed; all parameters of these cards are accumulated in the
order in which they are input. EXCEPT may appear anywhere (for example, before or after
{cardname} list) and may be repeated on multiple cards.
9.
ECHOON / ECHOOFF cards may appear in any section of the input deck.
10. All comment cards, empty cards, and characters after the $ character on any card will
not be printed in any ECHO format.
11. The .echo file generated when 'ECHO = PUNCH' is defined represents a copy of the input
deck in a form suitable to use for another solution which, when used with the same
Subcase Information and I/O Options entries, should generate identical results (round off
error may be noticeable if the original input deck uses large field format). However, in
some cases, the ECHO may require manual editing before being acceptable as input for
OptiStruct. In particular, some optimization cards may be printed with information already
modified internally, and they will be not correct. Also some cards with a negative ID may
be printed in ECHO; those cards are automatically generated internally to OptiStruct, and
should simply be deleted.
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EDE
EDE - Output Request
Description
The EDE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
element energy loss per cycle and element energy loss per cycle density output for all
subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
EDE (format_list, type, dmig) = option
Argument
Option
Description
format
<HM, H3D,
PUNCH, OP2,
PLOT, blank>
HM:

H3D:

(.h3d file).
PUNCH:

OP2:

PLOT:

blank:

AVERAGE:
In frequency response analysis average

energy is output.
AMPLITUDE:
In frequency response analysis the

amplitude of energy is output.
PEAK:

peak energy is output. This is the sum
of AVERAGE and AMPLITUDE.
Default = blank
type
<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE,
PEAK>
Default =
AVERAGE
see Comment 7
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69
Argument
Option
Description
dmig
<DMIG, NODMIG>
DMIG:
Results are provided for external

superelements in the .out file.
NODMIG:
Results are not provided for external

YES, ALL,
blank:
Element damping energy and damping

energy density are output for all
elements.
NO, NONE:
Element damping energy and damping

energy density are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, element damping

energy and damping energy density are
output only for elements listed in that
set.
Default =
NODMIG
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When an EDE command is not present, element damping energy and damping energy
density is not output.
2.
Initial thermal strain is included in the calculation of element energy loss per cycle and
element energy loss per cycle density.
3.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output for information on
which results are available in which formats.
4.
dominates.
5.
6.
Type only applies to frequency response analysis.
7.
There are three ways to calculate the Element Damping Energy in Frequency Response
Analysis. They are listed as follows:
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Altair Engineering
Type of Output
Formula
Average
Amplitude
Peak
Where,
E = Elemental Energy
{Ur } = Displacement (Real Part)
{Ui } = Displacement (Imaginary Part)
[Be ] = Elemental Damping
8.
format=OUTPUT2 can also be used to request results to be output in the Nastran output2
format (.op2 file).
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71
EIGVNAME
I/O Options Entry
EIGVNAME - Filename Prefix Definition
Description
The EIGVNAME command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the prefix to be
used for external eigenvalue data files (.eigv).
Format
EIGVNAME = prefix
Argument
Description
prefix
The prefix to be used for the saving and retrieval of external eigenvalue
data files.
The external eigenvalue data file name is of the form <prefix>_#.eigv,
where <prefix> is defined here, # is the integer argument of the
EIGVSAVE subcase information entry or one of the integer arguments of
the EIGVRETRIEVE subcase information entry.
Comments
1.
When an EIGVNAME command is not present, the OUTFILE prefix definition is used. If
OUTFILE is not defined, the prefix of the input file is used.
2.
Only one occurrence of EIGVNAME is permitted.
3.
EIGVNAME must appear before the first subcase.
4.
The total length of information on this card is limited to 200 characters (including the card
name and spaces between arguments). This data can be on a single line or span multiple
continuation lines. See Guidelines for I/O Options and Subcase Information Entries for an
example showing how to enter long file names on multiple lines.
5.
Prefixes specified on the EIGVNAME card can be arbitrary file prefixes with optional paths
appropriate to the operating system (Windows or UNIX). They may be enclosed in quotes
(double or single quotes can be used), and either forward slash (/) or back slash (\)
characters can be used to separate parts of the path name.
OptiStruct uses the following rules for the EIGVNAME card:
When the argument contains an absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), OptiStruct creates .eigv
files at the given location.
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When only the file prefix is given (without the path), .eigv files will be created in the
current directory, meaning the directory from which OptiStruct has been executed, and
NOT in the directory where the input file is located.
When the argument contains a relative path (../filename or sub/filename, for
example), .eigv files will be created in a directory relative to where OptiStruct is
executed and NOT relative to the directory where the input file is located.
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73
EKE
EKE - Output Request
Description
The EKE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
kinetic energy and kinetic energy density output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
EKE (format_list, type, dmig, peakoutput) = option
Argument
Option
Description
format
<HM, H3D,
PUNCH, OP2,
PLOT, blank>
HM:

H3D:

(.h3d file).
PUNCH:

OP2:

PLOT:

blank:

<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE,
PEAK>
AVERAGE:

energy is output.
Default =
AVERAGE
AMPLITUDE:

PEAK:

Default = blank
type
see Comment 7
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Argument
Option
Description
dmig
<DMIG,
NODMIG>
DMIG:

Default =
NODMIG
NODMIG:

<PEAKOUT>
PEAKOUT:

peakoutput
Default = blank
option
<YES, ALL, NO, YES, ALL,

NONE, SID>
blank:
Element kinetic energy and kinetic

elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Element kinetic energy and kinetic

SID:
If a set ID is given, element kinetic

energy and kinetic energy density are
set.
Comments
1.
When an EKE command is not present, element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density
is not output.
2.
Initial thermal strain is included in the calculation of kinetic energy and kinetic energy
density.
3.
4.
dominates.
5.
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75
6.
7.
There are three ways to calculate the Element Kinetic Energy in Frequency Response
Type of Output
Formula
Average
Amplitude
Peak
Where,
E = Element Energy
{vr } = Real part of Velocity
{vi } = Imaginary part of Velocity
[Me] = Element Mass
8.
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format (.op2 file).

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ENERGY
ENERGY - Output Request for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Subcase
Description
The ENERGY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request energy output for all geometric nonlinear analysis subcases or individual geometric
nonlinear analysis subcases respectively.
Format
ENERGY (format, type) = option
Argument
Option
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

(.h3d file).
blank:

ALL:
All energy results are output.
ENERG:
All energy results without hourglass

energy are output.
HOURG:
Hourglass energy only is output.
Default = blank
type
<ALL, ENERG,
HOURG>
Default = ALL
option

NONE, SID,
blank:
PSID>
Energy results are output for all

elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Energy results are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, energy results are

set.
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77
Argument
Option
Description
PSID:
If a property set ID is given, energy

results for the elements referencing
properties listed in the property set are
output.
Comments
1.
ENERGY is only applicable for geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry. It is ignored for all other
subcases.
2.
use on this card.
3.
4.
dominates.
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ERP
ERP - Output Request
Description
The ERP command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
equivalent radiated power output for all subcases or individual subcases, respectively.
Format
ERP (format_list, grid) = option
Argument
Option
Description
format
<H3D, PUNCH,
blank>
H3D:

file).
PUNCH:
Results are output in Nastran punch results

format (.pch file).
blank:

GRID:
Output the contribution of each grid in

addition to the ERP results for the PANEL,
defined by ERPPNL or PANELG (TYPE=ERP).
This is a normal velocity squared for each
grid specified in the panel definition.
Default = blank
grid
<GRID>
Default = blank
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
Default = ALL
YES, ALL, Equivalent radiated power is output for all

panels.
blank:
NO, NONE: Equivalent radiated power is not output.
Comments
1.
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79
2.
dominates.
3.
4.
In addition to the ERP values, the following results are output to the .pch file: total ERP
over the loading frequencies, fraction of the total ERP at each loading frequency, and ERP
expressed in decibels ERBdB = 10 * log 10 (ERP) at each loading frequency.
5.
The ERP is calculated as half the normal velocity squared of each grid multiplied by the
associated area of each grid on the panel. The parameters for the speed of sound
(ERPC), fluid density (ERPRHO), and radiation loss factor (ERPRLF) are used in the
calculation of ERP using the formula below.
6.
The calculation of ERP in decibels (dB) is performed using the PARAM data RHOCP and
ERPREFDB in the equation below. ERPREFDB is the reference value in dB and RHOCP is the
scale factor:
7.
At least one of the bulk data entries ERPPNL or PANELG (TYPE=ERP) needs to be
specified, if the ERP Output Request is used.
80

Altair Engineering
ESE
ESE - Output Request
Description
The ESE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
strain energy and strain energy density output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
ESE (format_list, type, dmig, peakoutput) = option
Argument
Option
Description
format
<HM, H3D,
PUNCH, OP2,
PLOT, blank>
HM:

H3D:

(.h3d file).
PUNCH:

OP2:

PLOT:

format (.op2 file) when PARAM, POST
is defined in the bulk data section.
blank:

AVERAGE:

energy is output.
AMPLITUDE:

PEAK:

Default = blank
type
<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE,
PEAK>
Default =
AVERAGE
See Comment 7
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81
Argument
Option
Description
dmig
<DMIG, NODMIG>
DMIG:

NODMIG:

PEAKOUT:

YES, ALL,
blank:
Element strain energy and strain

elements.
NO, NONE:
Element strain energy and strain

SID:
If a set ID is given, element strain

energy and strain energy density are
set.
Default =
NODMIG
Default = blank
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When an ESE command is not present, element strain energy and strain energy density is
not output.
2.
Initial thermal strain is included in the calculation of strain energy and strain energy
density.
3.
4.
dominates.
5.
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Altair Engineering
6.
7.
There are three ways to calculate the Element Strain Energy in Frequency Response
Type of Output
Formula
Average
Amplitude
Peak
Where,
E = Elemental Energy
{u r } = Displacement (Real Part)
{u i } = Displacement (Imaginary Part)
[Ke] = Elemental Stiffness
8.
format (.op2 file).
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83
FLUX
FLUX Output Request
Description
The FLUX command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request temperature gradient and flux output for all steady-state heat transfer analysis
subcases, transient heat transfer analysis subcases or individual heat transfer analysis
subcases, respectively.
Format
FLUX (format_list) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<PUNCH, OP2,
H3D, PLOT,
blank>
PUNCH:

format (.pch file).
OP2:
Results are output in Nastran output2 format

(.op2 file) (see comment 5).
PLOT:

(.op2 file) when PARAM, POST is defined in the
bulk data section.
H3D:
Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
blank:

<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Flux results are output for all valid elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Flux results are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, flux results are output only

for elements referenced by that set.
Default = blank
option
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Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
When the FLUX command is not present, flux results are not output.
2.
Flux output is only available for steady-state heat transfer analysis and transient heat
transfer analysis solution sequences.
3.
the results available and their respective formats.
4.
dominates.
5.
format (.op2 file).
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85
FORCE/ELFORCE
FORCE - Output Request
Description
The FORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request element force output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
FORCE (sorting, format_list, form, type, location, random, peakoutput, modal)
= option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>
This argument only applies to the PUNCH

format (.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2
file) output for normal modes, frequency
response, and transient subcases. It will be
ignored without warning if used elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OP2, PLOT,
blank>
SORT1:

SORT2:

8).
blank:

if no element SET is specified,
SORT1 is used, otherwise, SORT2
is used; for transient analysis,
SORT2 is used.
HM:

result format (.res file).
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
OPTI:

results format (.force file).
Default = blank
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Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
PUNCH:

OP2:

comment 11).
PLOT:

bulk data section.
the bulk data section, this format
allows the form for complex
results to be defined for XYPUNCH
output without having other
output.
blank:
form
<COMPLEX, REAL,
IMAG, PHASE,
BOTH>
Default (HM only) =
COMPLEX
COMPLEX (HM Provides a combined magnitude/

only), blank: phase form of complex output to
format.
REAL, IMAG:

and imaginary) of complex
output.
PHASE:
Provides polar format (phase and

magnitude) of complex output.
BOTH (HM
only):
Provides both rectangular and

polar formats of complex output.
TENSOR:
Force results are output for all

solution sequences in which force
results are supported. The Tensor
Default (all other

formats) = REAL
type
<TENSOR, DIRECT>
Default = TENSOR
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available.

87
Argument
Options
Description
format is used for H3D output
(See comment 9).
location
<CENTER, CUBIC,
SGAGE, CORNER,
BILIN>
Default = CENTER
random
<PSDF, RMS>
DIRECT:
Force results are output for all

solution sequences in which force
results are supported. The Direct
format is used for H3D output
(See comment 9).
CENTER:
Element forces for shell and solid

elements are output at the
element center only.
CUBIC:
Element forces for shell elements

are output at the element center
and grid points using the strain
gage approach with cubic bending
correction.
SGAGE:

and grid points using the strain
gage approach.
CORNER or
BILIN:

and at the grid points using
bilinear extrapolation.
PSDF:

from random response analysis to
be output for CBUSH elements
only.
No default
Only valid for H3D format. The

"RMS over Frequencies" output is
at the end of the Random results
in the .h3d file.
RMS:
88

response analysis to be output
for CBUSH elements only.

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
peakoutput
PEAKOUT:

for this output.
MODAL:
If MODAL is present, element

forces of the structural modes
and residual vectors are output
to the PUNCH and OUTPUT2 files
for modal frequency response and
transient analysis.
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Element force is output for all

valid elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Force is not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, force is

output only for valid elements
listed in that set.
<PEAKOUT>
Default = blank
modal
<MODAL>
Default = blank
option
Comments
1.
When neither FORCE nor ELFORCE commands are present, force is not output.
2.
FORCE results are available for ELAS (CELAS1, CELAS2, CELAS3, CELAS4), ROD (CROD),
BAR (CBAR, CBEAM), BUSH (CBUSH), PLATE (CQUAD, CTRIA), GAP (CGAP), FASTENER
(CFAST)*, VISCOUS DAMPER (CVISC), SCALAR DAMPER (CDAMP1, CDAMP2, CDAMP3,
CDAMP4) and WELD (CWELD) elements.
*
CFAST elements or their corresponding force results are available for post-processing in
HyperView only if the .fem file is loaded as a model (procedure used in comment 9).
3.
The form argument is only applicable for frequency response analysis. It is ignored in
other instances.
4.
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89
5.
6.
dominates.
7.
8.
9.
Vector and Tensor plots of some element force results (weld, beam/bar and gap
elements) are available for post-processing in HyperView only if the .fem file is loaded in
the Load Model field and the results file is loaded in the Load Results field (below is an
example illustration of the HyperView Load model and results: panel).
Make sure that the Advanced option is selected from the Result Math Template: menu.
10. For shell elements force results are given as force/unit length.
format (.op2 file).
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Altair Engineering
FORMAT
I/O Options Entry
FORMAT - Output Control
Description
The FORMAT command can be used in the I/O Options section to indicate the format in which
results are to be output.
Format
FORMAT = option
Argument Options
Description
option
OPTI, OS, ASCII:
OptiStruct ASCII results

files are output.
HM, HYPER:
The HyperMesh binary

results file (.res file) is
output.
BOTH:
Same as defining both HM

and OPTI.
H3D:
Hyper3D binary results file

(.h3d file) and an HTML
report (.html file) are
output.
FLX:
Same as defining both HM

and H3D.
NASTRAN, PUNCH:
The Nastran punch file

format (.pch file) is
output.
PATRAN, PATRAN:
A number of Patran ASCII

results files are output.
APATRAN outputs the
same files using an
alternative file naming
convention.
O2, OUT2, OP2:
Nastran binary output2 file

format (.op2 file) is output
<ASCII, OS, OPTI,

HM, HYPER, BOTH,
H3D, FLX, NASTRAN,
PUNCH, PATRAN,
APATRAN, O2,
OUT2, OP2, PLOT,
NONE>
Default = FLX
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91
Argument Options
Description
(see comment 4).
PLOT:
Results are output in

Nastran output2 format
(.op2 file) when PARAM,
POST is defined in the bulk
data section.
NONE:
Analysis output is not

required. Cannot be used
in combination with other
FORMAT commands.
Comments
1.
Information provided on OUTPUT entries takes precedence over information provided on

FORMAT entries. If neither of these entries are defined, the output formats defined in the
OptiStruct Configuration File are used. If no format is defined by the OptiStruct
configuration file, then both the HM and H3D formats are active by default.
2.
Multiple FORMAT commands are allowed.
3.
It is recommended to use the OUTPUT command instead of the FORMAT command since it is
more flexible and allows different frequencies of output for different formats during an
optimization.
4.
format (.op2 file).
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Altair Engineering
FOS
FOS Output Request
Description
The FOS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
fatigue factor of safety output for all fatigue subcases or individual fatigue subcases.
Format
FOS (format_list) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D,OPTI, blank> H3D:

Default = blank
option
<YES,ALL,NO,
NONE,SID,PSID>
Default = ALL

file).
OPTI:
Results are output in OptiStruct results format

(.fat file).
blank:

YES,ALL, Results are output for all elements.

blank:
NO,NONE: Results are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is provided, results are output only

for elements listed in that set.
Comments
1.
When a FOS command is not present, fatigue FOS results are not output.
2.
Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry; these should separated by a comma. If
no format is specified, then this output control applies to all formats defined by OUTPUT
or FORMAT commands, for which the result is available. See Results Output by OptiStruct
for information on which results are available, in which formats.
3.
dominates.
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93
GPFORCE
GPFORCE - Output Request
Description
The GPFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request grid point force balance output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
GPFORCE (format_list, elem, form, peakoutput, modal) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, OPTI,
PUNCH, OP2,
PLOT, blank>
H3D:

file).
OPTI:

format (.gpf file).
PUNCH:

format (.pch file).
OP2:

PLOT:

(.op2 file) when PARAM, POST is defined in
the bulk data section.
NOELEM:
GPFORCE results in the H3D output file will

not include element contributions. However,
the TOTAL value for each GRID includes the
element contributions.
ELEM:
GPFORCE results in the H3D output file

includes element contributions.
REAL, IMAG:

imaginary) of complex output.
Default = blank
elem
(H3D only)
<ELEM,
NOELEM>
Default =
NOELEM
form
94
<REAL, IMAG,
PHASE>

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
Default = REAL
PHASE:
Provides polar format (phase and magnitude)

of complex output.
PEAKOUT:

frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be
considered for this output.
MODAL:
If MODAL is present, grid point forces of the

structural modes and residual vectors are
output to the PUNCH and OUTPUT2 files for
modal frequency response and transient
analysis.
Default = blank
modal
<MODAL>
Default = blank
option

NONE, SID>
blank:
Default = ALL
Grid point force balance is output for all

elements.
NO, NONE:
Grid point force balance is not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, grid point force balance

is output only for nodes listed in that set.
Comments
1.
When a GPFORCE command is not present, grid point force balance is not output.
2.
GPFORCE output is available for the following solution sequences:

Solution Sequences
Output Formats
Static Analysis
H3D, OP2, PCH, OPT
Normal Modes Analysis
H3D, OP2, PCH
Direct Frequency Response Analysis
H3D, OP2, PCH, OPT
Modal Frequency Response Analysis
H3D, OP2, PCH, OPT
Altair Engineering

95
3.
other instances.
4.
5.
dominates.
6.
7.
GPFORCE in .op2 output can only be post-processed with the Free Body Diagram (FBD)
tools in HyperMesh.
8.
GPFORCE in .h3d output is specifically added for the load transfer path analysis with
NVDirector. It is only available for linear static, frequency response, and acoustic
analyses.
9.
format (.op2 file).
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Altair Engineering
GPKE
GPKE - Output Request for Grid Point Kinetic Energy
Description
The GPKE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request grid point kinetic energy output for normal modes subcases.
Format
GPKE (format_list) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<PUNCH, blank>
PUNCH:
Default = blank
option

format (.pch file).
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank: GPKE results are output for all elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
GPKEs results are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, GPKE results are output

only for grids listed in that set.
Comments
1.
Grid point kinetic energy is written in % of the total kinetic energy of all grids in the
structure. Therefore, GPKE results for each grid are the same regardless of the requested
option (ALL, YES, or SID).
2.
Note that if the coupled mass matrix is used (PARAM,COUPMASS,YES), then the results at
each GRID are influenced by all GRID connected to that GRID. Using a diagonal mass
matrix formulation (PARAM,COUPMASS,NO) provides more meaningful results.
3.
For large problems solved using EIGRA, run times increase if GPKE=ALL or a coupled mass
matrix (PARAM,COUPMASS,YES) is specified, as the entire eigenvector for each mode
must be calculated and stored.
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97
GPSTRESS/GSTRESS
GPSTRESS - Output Request
Description
The GPSTRESS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request grid point stresses output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
GPSTRESS (format_list, averaging, type) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<HM, H3D, PUNCH,

OP2, blank>
HM:

HyperMesh results format
(.res file).
H3D:

Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
PUNCH:

Nastran punch format (.pch
file).
OP2:

blank:
Results are output in all

active formats for which the
result is available.
GLOBAL:
Only the globally averaged

GPSTRESS results are output.
BYPROP, blank:
Both the globally averaged

GPSTRESS results and the
GPSTRESS results averaged
by property for each
property are output.
Default = blank
averaging
<GLOBAL, BYPROP>
Default = BYPROP
98

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
type
<VON, PRINC, MAXS,

SHEAR, ALL,
TENSOR, DIRECT>
VON:
Only von Mises Stress

results are output.
PRINC, MAXS,
SHEAR:
The von Mises and maximum

principal stress results are
output.
ALL, blank:
All stress results are

output.
TENSOR:

Tensor format is used for
H3D output.
DIRECT:

Direct format is used for
H3D output.
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank:
Grid point stresses output

for all elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Grid point stresses are not

output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, grid

point stresses are output
only for nodes listed in that
set.
Default = ALL
option
Comments
1.
When a GPSTRESS command is not present, grid point stresses are not output.
2.
Grid point stresses are only available for solid elements.
3.
Grid point stresses are not available for elements which form part of a topology design
space. When an analysis only run is performed, grid point stresses are available for all
solid elements. When PARAM, REANAL is used, grid point stress contributions are only
calculated for fully dense elements.
4.
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99
5.
dominates.
6.
7.
Grid point stresses are output for the entire model and for each individual PSOLID
component. This allows grid point stresses to be accurately obtained at the interface of
two components referencing different material definitions.
8.
format (.op2 file).
100

Altair Engineering
HISOUT
I/O Options Entry
HISOUT - Output Control
Description
The HISOUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the amount of data
printed to the .hgdata file.
Format
HISOUT = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<Integer <32> HISOUT value is equal to the sum of the desired options:
Default = 31
1: Design variable.
2: Objective function and maximum percent constraint
violation.
4: All non-stress responses.
8: All DRESP2 responses.
If blank: no output to .hgdata file.
Example:
If you wanted design variables and all DRESP2 responses,
you would enter:
HISOUT = 9
Comments
1.
When a HISOUT command is not present, a value of 31 is assumed.
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101
HYBDAMP
I/O Options Entry
HYBDAMP Apply Hybrid Damping to the Residual Structure in a Direct or Transient
Frequency Response Analysis
Description
The HYBDAMP command can be used in the I/O Options section to request modal damping as a
function of the natural frequency of the model in Dynamic Analysis.
Format
HYBDAMP = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID: Set identification of HYBDAMP in bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
102
HYBDAMP can be set at the global level in the I/O Options section. It can exist only once
in the I/O Options section.

Altair Engineering
INCLUDE
I/O Options and Bulk Data Entry
INCLUDE - File Selection
Description
The INCLUDE command can be used in the I/O Options, Subcase Information, or Bulk Data
sections to indicate that the contents of another file are to be inserted into the input file at
the exact location of the include command.
Format
INCLUDE option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<filename>
filename: the path to and the name of the file to be

included.
No default
Comments
1.
INCLUDE commands may be placed at any location in the input file, but must include
information appropriate to that location.
2.
Names specified on the INCLUDE card can be arbitrary file names with optional paths
The following rules are used to locate a file referenced on the INCLUDE card:
When the argument contains the absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), the file at the given location
is used.
When only the file prefix is given (without the path), the file has to be located in the
same directory as the file containing the INCLUDE command.
example), it is located in the directory relative to the file containing the INCLUDE
command and is NOT relative to the directory in which the solver was executed, or to
the directory where the main file is located.
3.
The INCLUDE command supports path names of up to 200 characters in length. This data
can be on a single line or span multiple continuation lines. See Guidelines for I/O Options
and Subcase Information Entries for an example showing how to enter long file names on
multiple lines.
4.
Represented through the master model in HyperMesh.
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103
LIFE
LIFE Output Request
Description
The LIFE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request output of fatigue life results for all fatigue subcases or individual fatigue subcases
respectively.
Format
LIFE (format_list) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, OPTI, blank>
H3D:

file).
OPTI:

format (.fat file).
blank:

YES, ALL,
blank:
NO, NONE:
SID:
If a set ID is given, results are output only

for elements listed in that set.
Default = blank
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When a LIFE command is not present, fatigue life results are not output.
2.
FORMAT commands for which the result is available. See Results Output by OptiStruct for
information on which results are available in which formats.
3.
dominates.
104

Altair Engineering
LOADLIB
I/O Options Entry
LOADLIB - External Library and File Reference
Description
The LOADLIB entry can be used in the I/O Options section to define the external libraries and
external files to be loaded into OptiStruct. External functions can be implemented within
dynamic libraries (.dll) under Windows, shared libraries (.so) under Linux, by using
HyperMath (.hml) on Windows and Linux, and external files by using Microsoft Excel (.xls or
.xlsx) on Windows.
Format
LOADLIB = type, group, path
Argument
Options
Description
type
<DRESP3>
TYPE identifier that defines the type of library(or

file) to be loaded into OptiStruct. Currently only
one type implemented - DRESP3.
No default
group
<Character string>
GROUP identifier that is referenced by a DRESP3

bulk data entry.
No default
path
<Path including file

name and extension>
The path to the external shared or dynamic

library to be loaded.
No default
Comments
1.
Absolute paths (those starting with a drive letter or a slash) will be used as they are
defined on the LOADLIB card. Relative library or file paths will be appended to the path
corresponding to the input deck's location.
2.
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105
MBFORCE
I/O Options Entry
MBFORCE Output Control
Description
The MBFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options section to request force output for a
set of joints and/or force elements from multi-body dynamics subcases.
Format
MBFORCE = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank: Force is output for all joints and

force elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE: Forces are not output.

SID: If a set ID is given, forces are output only
for joints and force elements listed in that set.
Note: Joints and force elements may share IDs.
When MBFORCE is requested for a SET,
force results are output for all entities
whose ID is part of the SET definition.
Comments
1.
When MBFORCE is not present, force results for joints and force elements are not output.
2.
The force results for selected joints and force elements are output to the .mrf file.
106

Altair Engineering
MECHCHECK
I/O Options Entry
MECHCHECK - Massless Mechanism Check
Description
The MECHCHECK command can be used in the I/O options section to perform a massless
mechanism check on the model.
Format
MECHCHECK
Comments
1.
Running the normal mode analysis by adding MECHCHECK helps detect the massless
mechanism where the massless mechanism shows up as rigid body modes.
2.
A massless mechanism occurs due to degrees of freedom that do not possess both
stiffness and mass. To find such degrees of freedom, a small amount of mass is added to
the mass matrix so that the massless mechanism shows up as a rigid body mode (the
stiffness matrix K is still zero but the mass matrix M becomes non-zero) in normal modes
analysis. This is the reason why you have to set the lower bound on the EIGRL bulk data
entry to blank or zero when MECHCHECK is used.
3.
The analysis results with this card cannot be used since the model is changed internally.
It can only be used to find the massless mechanism. The message RESULTS FROM THIS
SOLVER RUN ARE INACCURATE AS IT IS IN MECHCHECK MODE is also displayed in the .out
file when MECHCHECK is included in the I/O Options section of the solver deck.
4.
MECHCHECK results (in the .out file) include a list of rigid body modes in the following
format:
ANALYSIS RESULTS:
-----------------ITERATION
Rigid Modes in Eigenvalue Loadcase:
----------------------------------------------------Mode
Grid No. Type
x-comp
y-comp
z-comp
----------------------------------------------------1
##
Tran
##
###
###
##
Rotn
##
###
###
etc
-----------------------------------------------------
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107
MODALDE
I/O Options Entry
MODALDE Output Request
Description
The MODALDE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition
to request modal damping energy (the energy loss per cycle) output for all subcases or
individual subcases respectively. Note that this modal damping energy only includes the
energy contribution from viscous dampers. Structural damping and modal damping are not
included.
Format
MODALDE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=typ
e) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

file).
blank:

Default = blank
thresh
<Real>
Specifies an absolute threshold under which results should

not be output.
No default
rthresh
topn
No default
Specifies a relative threshold under which results should

not be output. This value is relative to the corresponding
total modal energy.
<Integer>
Specifies that only the top N values should be output.
<Real>
No default
type
108
<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AVERAGE:
The average of the energy is output.

Altair Engineering
Argument
mset
option
Options
Description
Default = AVERAGE
AMPLITUDE:
The amplitude of the energy is output.
PEAK:
The peak energy is output. This is the sum

<ALL, SID,
TOTAL>
ALL:
Modal energy is output for all modes.
Default = ALL
SID:
If a set ID is given, modal energy is output

only for modes listed in that set.
TOTAL:
YES, ALL,
blank:
NO, NONE:
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When MODALDE command is not present, modal damping energy is not output.
2.
Modal damping energy output is only available for modal frequency response analysis.
3.
4.
dominates.
5.
6.
Note that this modal damping energy only includes the energy contribution from viscous
dampers. Structural damping and modal damping are not included.
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109
MODALKE
I/O Options Entry
MODALKE Output Request
Description
The MODALKE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition
to request modal kinetic energy output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
MODALKE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=typ
e) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

file).
blank:

Default = blank
thresh
<Real>

not be output.
No default
rthresh
topn
No default

total modal energy.
<Integer>
<Real>
No default
type
110
<AVERAGE,
AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AVERAGE:
Default = AVERAGE
AMPLITUDE:

Altair Engineering
Argument
mset
option
Options
Description
PEAK:
The peak energy is output. This is the sum

<ALL, SID,
TOTAL>
ALL:
Default = ALL
SID:

TOTAL:
YES, ALL,
blank:
NO, NONE:
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When MODALKE command is not present, modal kinetic energy is not output.
2.
Modal kinetic energy output is only available for modal frequency response analysis.
3.
4.
dominates.
5.
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111
MODALSE
I/O Options Entry
MODALSE Output Request
Description
The MODALSE command can be used above the first SUBCASE or within a SUBCASE definition
to request modal strain energy output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
MODALSE(format_list,THRESH=thresh,RTHRESH=rthresh,TOP=topn,MODES=mset,TYPE=typ
e) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, blank>
H3D:

file).
blank:

Default = blank
thresh
<Real>
No default
rthresh
topn
<Real>

not be output.
No default

total modal energy.
<Integer>
No default
type
112
<AVERAGE,
AVERAGE:
AMPLITUDE, PEAK>
AMPLITUDE:
Default = AVERAGE


Altair Engineering
Argument
mset
Options
Description
PEAK:
The peak energy is output. This is the

sum of AVERAGE and AMPLITUDE.
ALL:
SID:

TOTAL:
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
<ALL, SID,
TOTAL>
Default = ALL
option
Comments
1.
When MODALSE command is not present, modal strain energy is not output.
2.
Modal strain energy output is only available for modal frequency response analysis.
3.
4.
dominates.
5.
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113
MODEL
I/O Options Entry
MODEL - Output Control
Description
The MODEL command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of only a
subset of the model and related results for H3D and OUTPUT results files as well as for CMS
superelements.
Format
MODEL = elset, gridset, rigidset
Argument Options
Description
elset
SID:
<SID, PLOTEL,
ALL, NONE>
Default
(analysis run) =
ALL
PLOTEL:
Default (CMS SE
creation) =
NONE
ALL:
gridset
rigidset
ID of an element SET. A set of elements that

describe the subset of the model for which results
and model information is to be output. All GRID
and SPOINT associated with these elements will
also be output.
All PLOTELs in the model and their associated
GRID will be output.
All elements in the model and their associated
GRID will be output.
NONE:
No elements.
<SID, ALL,
NONE>
SID:
SID of a SET. A set of grids to be added to the

subset associated with the preceding elset field.
Default = NONE
ALL:
All grids.
NONE:
No grids are added to the subset described by

the preceding elset field.
RIGID/
ALL:
All rigid elements and their associated GRID will be

output.
<RIGID/ALL,
NORIGID/NONE,
SID>
Default
(analysis run)
=RIGID/ALL
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Altair Engineering
Argument Options
Description
Default (CMS SE
NORIGID/
creation) =
NONE:
NORIGID/NONE
SID:
No rigid elements will be output.
ID of a rigid element SET. A set of rigid elements

that describe the subset of the model for which
model information is to be output. All GRID and
SPOINT associated with these rigid elements will
also be output.
Comments
1.
For CMS superelements output in h3d format, only the ASET DOF are output when the
MODEL data is not present. When the MODEL data is present, the .h3d file contains the
ASET DOF and what is specified on the MODEL data.
2.
In addition to the results output, the MODEL data controls the portion of the model that is
written to the .op2 and .h3d files.
3.
When PARAM,EXCOUT with values of 0, 3, 4, 5 or 6 is used during CMS superelement

creation, the default is to output the entire model, as well as results to the .h3d file and
AVL/EXCITE files.
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115
MPCFORCE
MPCFORCE - Output Request
Description
The MPCFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request multi-point force of constraint vector is output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
MPCFORCE (sorting, format, form_list, peakoutput, modal) = option
Argument Options
Description
sorting
This argument only applies to the PUNCH format (.pch file) or

the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output for normal modes,
frequency response, and transient subcases. It will be
ignored without warning if used elsewhere.
<SORT1, SORT2>
Default = blank
format
<OPTI, PUNCH,
OP2, PLOT,
blank>
SORT1:
Results for each frequency/timestep are grouped

together.
SORT2:
Results for each grid/element are grouped

together (See comment 5).
blank:
For frequency response analysis, if no grid SET is

specified, SORT1 is used, otherwise, SORT2 is
used; for transient analysis, SORT2 is used.
OPTI:
Results are output in OptiStruct results format

(.mpcf file).
PUNCH:

format (.pch file).
OP2:
Results are output in Nastran otput2 format

PLOT:

bulk data section.
Default = blank
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Argument Options
form
Description
<REAL, IMAG,
PHASE>
blank:
Results are output in all active formats for which

the result is available.
REAL,
IMAG:
Provides rectangular format (real and imaginary)

of complex output.
PHASE:
Provides polar format (phase and magnitude) of

complex output.
PEAKOUT:

MODAL:
If MODAL is present, multi-point constraint

forces of the structural modes and residual
vectors are output to the PUNCH and OUTPUT2
files for modal frequency response and transient
analysis.
Default = REAL
peakoutpu
t
<PEAKOUT>
Default = blank
modal
<MODAL>
Default = blank
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, Multi-point force of constraint vector is output

for all grids.
blank:
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Multi-point force of constraint vector is not

output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, multi-point force of

constraint vector is output only for grids listed in
that set.
Comments
1.
When an MPCFORCE command is not present, multi-point force of constraint vector is not
output.
2.
Multiple formats area allowed on the same entry; these should be comma separated. If
no format is specified, then this output control applies to all formats defined by OUTPUT or
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117
3.
dominates.
4.
FORMAT and RESULTS were use; this method is still supported, but not recommended as it
5.
6.
format (.op2 file).
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Altair Engineering
MSGLMT
MSGLMT - Output Control
Description
The MSGLMT command can be used in the I/O Options section to limit the number of ERROR,
WARNING and INFORMATION messages output, or to elevate a WARNING or INFORMATION
message to an ERROR.
Format
MSGLMT (type) = value
MSGLMT, type, value
MSGLMT, mode
Examples
MSGLMT (WARNING) = 1000
MSGLMT (101) = 50
Argument
Options
Description
type
<ERROR,
WARNING, ID>
ERROR:
Limits the total number of ERROR

messages allowed to the value
provided. Once this limit is reached,
the run terminates.
WARNING:
Limits the total number of WARNING and

INFORMATION messages reported in
the .out file to the value provided.
ID:
Limits the number of instances of a

message with the given ID reported in
the .out file to the value provided.
INTEGER:
If a positive integer is given, the limit is

set to this number.
No default
value
<INTEGER, OFF,
NONE, ERROR,
ABORT>
See comments 1
and 2 for
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119
Argument
Options
Description
defaults.
OFF or NONE: value=NONE can only be used if type

= ID. See Comment 3.
ERROR:
Valid only when the type is ID.

Messages with this ID will be treated as
ERRORs, that is, continuation at the end
of the current stage will be disallowed
unless the message is encountered
during the solver, where full postprocessing of the results will be allowed
before termination; optimization runs will
terminate as if the limit of allowed
iterations had been reached.
ABORT:
Valid only when type is ID.

Messages with this ID will be treated as
abort ERRORs, that is, the solver will
terminate immediately. If the message
is encountered during the solver, no
output files will be generated. If it
happens during reading or verification of
input data, then remaining parts of
input will not be processed.
mode
<STRICT,
UNREF, BRIEF>
Default =
<BRIEF>
STRICT:
All messages are printed according to

MSGLMT.
UNREF:
Messages 1931, 1932 and 2010 are

suppressed.
BRIEF:
Messages 741, 742, 1935, 1931, 1932,

2010, 1052, 1305, and 1436 are
suppressed.
Comments
1.
By default, the limit for most individual ERROR and WARNING/INFORMATION messages is
10.
2.
The default limit for the total number of ERROR messages is 10,000 and for the total
number of WARNING/INFORMATION messages is 1,000.
3.
The following table lists some special cases of MSGLMT usage:
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Altair Engineering
Special Cases
Effect
MSGLMT(Message ID/WARNING/
ERROR) = 1
Prevents any information about

consecutive occurrences of the
specified message to be registered
and counted.
If WARNING/ERROR is used, only the
first WARNING/ERROR is printed.
ERROR) = 0
Message ID: All occurrences of the

specified message will be displayed.
ERROR) = OFF
WARNING: All Warnings will be

displayed.
ERROR: All Errors will be displayed.
MSGLMT(Message ID) = NONE
The specified message (and multiple

occurrences of the same, if any) will
not be printed in the output file.
Note:
1. If the Message ID belongs to an
error, the specified error and multiple
occurrences of the same error will
not be printed in the output file.
However, this will not allow the
solver to continue after error
suppression. This can sometimes
generate an output file which states
that an error occurred without any
information regarding the nature of
the error, since it was suppressed.
2. Suppressed ERROR/WARNING
messages still count toward
respective limits and are reported in
the job summary.
3. Using MSGLMT(Message ID)=NONE
for ERROR messages is not
recommended.
MSGLMT(Message ID) = <Negative

Integer>
Negative values are not supported. A

Syntax error will be displayed, if
negative integer values are used.
4.
MSGLMT may be set in the OptiStruct Configuration File.
5.
Multiple instances of MSGLMT may occur. If any instances conflict, then the last instance
will be honored.
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121
6.
Some messages print lists of ID's, which can be very long, MSGLMT can be used to control
the number of ID's that are printed.
For Example:
MSGLMT, 1692, <Integer> or MSGLMT (1692) =<integer>, prints the first <integer>
number of duplicate GRID IDs:
*** WARNING # 1692
Found duplicate GRID cards, removed 74 item(s) of identical data.
10001
10002
(up to <integer> number)
MSGLMT, 1692, OFF or MSGLMT (1692) =OFF, prints all duplicate GRID IDs:
*** WARNING # 1692
Found duplicate GRID cards, removed 86 item(s) of identical data.
10001
122
10002
10003
10004
10005

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NLRESTART
I/O Options Entry
NLRESTART - Run Control Command
Description
The NLRESTART command can be used in the I/O Options section to indicate the current
nonlinear solution sequence is to be restarted from a specified nonlinear subcase.
Format
NLRESTART = n
Argument
Description
Nonlinear SUBCASE ID to be restarted from in the current

nonlinear solution sequence.
If n is not given, it will restart from the first nonlinear subcase
ending with error in previous run.
Comments
1.
This command applies only to geometric nonlinear subcases (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM,

IMPDYN or EXPDYN).
2.
Only one NLRESTART entry can be defined, and it must be above the first subcase.
3.
NLRESTART is also available in command line option as -nlrestart n or -nlrestart.

If NLRESTART is defined in both bulk data and command line option, the former overrides
the latter.
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123
OFREQUENCY
OFREQUENCY - Output Control
Description
The OFREQUENCY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request a set of frequencies for output requests for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
OFREQUENCY = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<ALL, SID>
ALL, blank: Output is for all frequencies.
Default = ALL
SID:
If a set ID is given, output is only for

frequencies listed in that set.
Comments
1.
When OFREQUENCY is not present, output is for all frequencies.
2.
The SET definition referenced by the OFREQUENCY card must be a real value set.
3.
The number of solutions selected will always be equal to the number of quantities in the
selected set. The closest values will be used.
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Altair Engineering
OLOAD
OLOAD - Output Request
Description
The OLOAD command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request the form of applied load vector output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
OLOAD (format_list,type) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<H3D, OPTI, PUNCH,

OP2, blank>
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
OPTI:

OptiStruct results format
(.load file).
Default = blank
PUNCH:
OP2:
type
<SPARSE, ALL>

punch results format (.pch
file).
output2 format (.op2 file)
(see comment 6).
blank:

available.
ALL:
Output for all selected nodes

is printed.
SPARSE:
This is only available for the

OPTI output format. Output
for selected nodes without a
component of magnitude
1.0e-10 is not printed.
Default (OPTI) = SPARSE

Default (H3D, PUNCH, OP2)
= ALL
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125
Argument
Options
Description
option
<NONE, NO, YES, ALL,

SID>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Load data is output for all

nodes.
NO, NONE:
Loads are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, load data

is only output for nodes listed
in that set.
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When OLOAD command is not present, loads are not output.
2.
3.
dominates.
4.
5.
The SPARSE output type is only available when the OPTI output format is used.
6.
format (.op2 file).
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Altair Engineering
OMODES
I/O Options Entry
OMODES - Output Control
Description
The OMODES command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request a set of modes for output requests for all subcases or for individual subcases,
respectively. This command is applicable for normal modes and linear buckling solution
sequences only.
Format
OMODES = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<ALL, SID>
ALL, blank: Output is calculated for all modes.
Default = ALL
SID:
If a set ID is given, output is calculated for

only modes listed in that set.
Comments
1.
When OMODES is not present, output is for all modes.
2.
The SET definition referenced by the OMODES card must be an integer value set.
3.
This output control is not available for frequency response subcases; OFREQUENCY should
be used instead.
4.
If both the OMODES and OFREQUENCY requests appear, the OMODES request takes
precedence.
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127
OTIME
OTIME - Output Control
Description
The OTIME command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request a set of times for output requests for transient analysis for all subcases or individual
Format
OTIME = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< ALL, SID >
ALL, blank:
Output is at all times.
SID:
If a set ID is given, output is only at times in

that set.
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When an OTIME command is not present the output for all times will be computed.
2.
This command is particularly useful for requesting a subset of the output (for example,
stresses at only peak times, and so on).
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Altair Engineering
OUTFILE
I/O Options Entry
OUTFILE - Filename Definition
Description
The OUTFILE command is used in the I/O Options section to define the prefix for the results
files output.
Format
OUTFILE = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<file prefix>
file prefix: The path to and file prefix used for

the results files output.
Default = passed
in from the
command line.
Comments
1.
Prefixes specified on the OUTFILE card can be arbitrary file prefixes with optional paths
The following rules are used for the OUTFILE card:
When the argument contains an absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), output files are created at
the given location.
When only the file prefix is given (without the path), output files will be created in the
current directory, meaning the directory from which the solver has been executed, and
not in the directory where the input file is located.
example), output is created in a directory relative to where the solver is executed and
NOT relative to the directory where the input file is located.
2.
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129
OUTPUT
I/O Options Entry
OUTPUT Output Control
Description
The OUTPUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the format of results
output and the creation of certain results files.
Format
OUTPUT, keyword, frequency, option1, option2
Argument
Options
Description
keyword
See below
See below
frequency
FIRST, LAST,
FL, ALL, NONE,
N or blank
FIRST:
Output first iteration only.
LAST:
Output last iteration only.
FL:
Output first and last iterations.
ALL:
Output all iterations.
NONE:
No output
N:
Output first and last iterations and every Nth

iteration. If N=5, output occurs at iterations
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and so on, and the final
iteration.
blank:
The default listed below for the given

keyword.
option
See below
See below
Standard Result Outputs

Note that if there is no result OUTPUT defined, then default result output is both HM and
H3D. If any result OUTPUT commands exist, then there is no default OUTPUT type.
130

Altair Engineering
Keyword Description
HM
Output
results in
HyperMesh
binary
format.
Default
frequency
FL
Affect
ed
files
*.res
Options
Details
<NODMIG,
DMIGALL,
DMIGSET>
Determines whether or not to

output results for interior
points of external
superelements. See
comment 16.
Default =
DMIGSET
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
DMIGALL: recovery is
activated for all grids/
elements
DMIGSET: recovery is
activated for grids/elements
in the SET defined on the
corresponding output request
(default)
H3D,
HV
Output
results in
Hyper3D
format.
FL
*.h3d
<BYSUB,
BYITER>
Default =
BYSUB
Determines the way the

output files are arranged in
an optimization run. See
comment 15.
(Applicable to
optimization
runs only).
<NODMIG,
DMIGALL,
DMIGSET>
Default =
DMIGSET

points of external
superelements. See
comment 16.
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
elements
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131
Keyword Description
Default
frequency
Affect
ed
files
Options
Details
(default)
OP2,
OUT2,
OUTPUT2
Output
analysis
results in
Nastran
output2
format.
FL
*.op2
<MODEL,
NOMODEL>
Turns on / off the output

of the model data to the file.
Default =
MODEL
See comments 11 and 12.
<NODMIG,
DMIGALL,
DMIGSET>
Default =
DMIGSET

points of external
superelements. See
comment 16.
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
elements
(default)
NASTRAN
, PUNCH
Output
analysis
results in
Nastran
punch
format.
FL
*.pch
<NODMIG,
DMIGALL,
DMIGSET>
Default =
DMIGSET

points of external
superelements. See
comment 16.
NODMIG: recovery is
deactivated
elements
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Keyword Description
Default
frequency
Affect
ed
files
Options
Details
(default)
OPTI,
ASCII,
OS
Output
results in
OptiStruct
ASCII
format.
FL
*.cstr
,
*.dens
,
*.disp
,
*.forc
e,
*.gpf,
*.load
,
*.mpcf
,
*.spcf
,
*.strs
PATRAN,
APATRAN
Output
analysis
results in
Patran
ASCII
format.
FL
*.#.#.
#.dis,
*.#.#.
dis,
*.#.#.
els,
*.#.di
s,
*.#.el
s,
(APATRAN
uses an
alternate
file naming
convention
, with the
iteration
number
after the
file
extension).
Altair Engineering
*.#.#.
dis.#,
*.#.di
s.#,
*.#.el
s.#,
*.dis.
#,
*.els.
#

133
Keyword Description
NONE
Default
frequency
Affect
ed
files
Default
frequenc
y
Affected
files
Results are
not output
in any of
the
formats
listed
above.
Options
Details
Optimization Outputs
Keyword
Description
DESIGN
Controls the
frequency of
output for
design results
such as
DENSITY,
SHAPE, and
THICKNESS
ALL
SHRES
Controls the
frequency of
output of the
shape files.
GRID
Requests the
output of the
state file (.grid
file) for
topography or
shape
optimization.
Options
Details
All files that

design results
are written
to.
*.sh,
*.grid
*.grid
<LOCAL, BASIC> BASIC: Grid

definitions are
Default = BASIC output to the
.grid file,
referencing the
basic coordinate
system.
LOCAL: Grid
definitions are
output to the
.grid file,
referencing local
coordinate
systems as
134

Altair Engineering
Keyword
Description
Default
frequenc
y
Affected
files
Options
Details
defined by the
CP field on the
GRID definitions.
FSTOSZ
Automatic
generation of
a sizing model
after freesizing of a
composite
structure.
*_sizing.fe
m
1.
Bundles
See comment 18.
Integer > 0
Default = 4
2.
Method
<ADVFREE,
ADVMAN,
SIMFREE,
SIMMAN>
Default =
ADVFREE
3.
SZTOSH
Automatic
generation of
a shuffling
model after
ply-based
sizing
optimization.
*_shuffling
.fem
FSTHICK
Controls
output of freesizing results
to .fsthick
file.
*.fsthick
Requests the
output of
updated
design variable
values.
DESVAR
Ignore
<IGNORE>-
<YES, NO>
See comment
13.
Default = NO
*.desvar,
*.out
<FILE, OUT,
BOTH, NONE>
Default = FILE
FILE: Updated
property design
variable values
are output to
the .desvar file.
OUT: Updated
design variable
values are output
to the .out file.
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135
Keyword
Description
Default
frequenc
y
Affected
files
Options
Details
BOTH: Updated
design variable
values are output
to both the .out
file and the
.desvar file.
NONE: Updated
design variable
values are not
output.
PROPERTY
Requests the
output of the
updated
property
definitions.
*.prop,
*.out
<ANY, DESIGN,
FILE, OUT,
BOTH, NONE>
ANY: All
properties are
output.
Default =
DESIGN
DESIGN: Only
designable
properties are
output.
Note:
In the
Description
and Details
columns of the
PROPERTY
keyword:
Property
stands for
Properties,
Materials and
Elements.
FILE: Updated
property
definitions and
non-design
properties are
output to the
.prop file.
OUT: Updated
property
definitions and
non-design
properties are
output to the
.out file.
BOTH: Updated
property
definitions and
non-design
properties are
output to both
the .out file and
the .prop file.
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Altair Engineering
Keyword
Description
Default
frequenc
y
Affected
files
Options
Details
NONE: Updated
property
definitions are
not output.
Specialized Result Outputs
Keyword
Description
ADAMSMNF
Output of
flexible body to
a modal neutral
file for
MSC.ADAMS.
Default
Affected files
frequenc
y
-
*.mnf
Options
<YES, NO>
Details
Default = YES
See comment
17.
HGFREQ
Frequency
Analysis output
presentation for
HyperGraph.
FL
*_freq.mvw,
*_s#_a.frf,
*_s#_d.frf,
*_s#_v.frf
*_tran.mvw,
*_s#_a.trn,
*_s#_d.trn,
*_s#_v.trn
See comment
3.
HGTRANS
Transient
Analysis output
presentation for
HyperGraph.
See comments
2 and 3.
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137
Keyword
Description
HGMBD
Multi-body
Dynamics
output
presentation for
HyperGraph.
Default
Affected files
frequenc
y
-
*_mbd.mvw,
*_s#_a.mbd,
*_s#_d.mbd,
*_s#_v.mbd
Options
Details
See comments
2 and 3.
HGSENS
Sensitivity
output
presentation for
HyperGraph.
FL
*_sens.#.mvw,
*.#.sens
<ALL,
NOSTRESS,
STRESS>
See comment 4
for details on
options.
Default =
NOSTRESS
MSSENS
Sensitivity
output in
Microsoft Excel
SYLK format.
FL
*.#.slk
<ALL,
NOSTRESS,
STRESS>
See comment 4
for details on
options.
Default =
NOSTRESS
ASCSENS
H3DSENS
H3DTOPOL
138
Topology and
free-sizing
sensitivity
(response with
respect to
design element
density) output
in ASCII format.
FL
Sensitivity
output in H3D
format.
FL
Sensitivity
output in H3D
format for
contouring of
topology and
FL
*.#.asens
<ALL,
NOSTRESS,
STRESS>
See comment 4
for details on
options.
Default =
NOSTRESS
*_dsa.#.h3d
<USER,
NOUSER>
Default =
NOUSER
*_topol.#.h3d
<ALL,
NOSTRESS,
STRESS>
See comment
19 for details
on options.
See comment 4
for details on
options.
Default =

Altair Engineering
Keyword
Description
Default
Affected files
frequenc
y
free-sizing
sensitivity.
H3DGAUGE
HGHIST
Sensitivity
output in H3D
format for
contouring of
shell thickness
sensitivity.
Design history
output
presentation for
HyperGraph.
HGEFFMASS Effective mass

is output as a
HyperGraph bar
chart.
HGMODFAC
DVGRID
Modal
participation
factor output
presentation for
HyperGraph3D.
Output of
shape variable
definitions to
.dvgrid file.
Options
Details
NOSTRESS
FL
*_gauge.#.h3d
<ALL,
NOSTRESS,
STRESS>
See comment 4
for details on
options.
Default =
NOSTRESS
-
FL
*_hist.mvw,
*.hist
*.hgdata
*.mass,
*_mass.mvw
*_modal.mvw,
*_modal.#.mvw
Integer < 32
Default = 31
<REGULAR,
NORM>
See comment 5
for details on
options.
See comment
14.
Default =
REGULAR
-
*.dvgrid
*.out
The center of
gravity is
specified in the
basic
coordinate
system. The
Mass Properties
are with
respect to the
See comment
6.
MASSPROP
Controls the
output of
Center of
Gravity and
Mass Moments
of Inertia tables
based on
properties to
.out file.
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FL

139
Keyword
Description
Default
Affected files
frequenc
y
Options
Details
center of
gravity of the
item.
MASSCOMP
Controls the
output of Mass
based on
HyperMesh
Components to
.out file.
REGCOMPL
Controls the
output of
regional
compliance
table to .out
file.
FL
*.out
*.out
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
File Output Controls
Keyword
Description
CMF
Controls output
of .cmf files.
OSS
Default
frequenc
y
Affected files
Options
*.HM.badel.c
mf,
*.HM.comp.cm
f,
*.HM.ent.cmf
,
*.HM.conn.cm
f
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
Controls output
of .oss file.
*.oss
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
HTML
Controls output
of .html file.
*.html
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
STAT
Controls output
*.stat
<YES, NO>
140

Details
See comment 9.
Altair Engineering
Keyword
Description
Default
frequenc
y
Affected files
of .stat file.
Options
Details
Default = YES
Comments
1.
Frequency does not apply for any of the keywords where a dash (-) is given as the
default frequency in the keywords table above.
2.
HGTRANS and HGMBD are currently available for analysis only.
3.
HGFREQ, HGTRANS, and HGMBD will only use output requests where a Set ID is specified.
For example, if DISPLACEMENT = ALL or DISPLACEMENT(HG) = ALL is given, displacement
information will not be present in the presentation, whereas if DISPLACEMENT = 1 or
DISPLACEMENT(HG) = 1 is given, displacement information will be present in the
presentation for the constituent nodes of Set 1.
4.
For HGSENS, ASCSENS, or MSSENS options:

If NOSTRESS or blank: results are printed, but stress, strain, and force responses are
ignored.
If ALL or STRESS: results are printed, including stress, strain, and force responses.
5.
For HGHIST options:

The integer value given is equal to the sum of the desired options:
1: Design Variable.
2: Objective function and maximum % constraint violation.
4: All non-stress responses.
If blank: all of the above are output.
For example: If you want Design Variables and all DRESP2 responses, you would use 9.
6.
The DVGRID option creates shape variable definitions for displacement or eigenvector
results of linear static, normal modes, or liner buckling analyses. These shape variable
definitions can then be used in subsequent optimizations. This process facilitates the use
of "natural" shape functions.
7.
For the keywords HM, H3D, HV, ASCII, OPTI, OS, NASTRAN, PUNCH, OP2, OUT2,
OUTPUT2, PATRAN and APATRAN, the information provided by the OUTPUT I/O option
entry takes precedence over information provided on the older FORMAT and RESULTS I/O
option entries.
8.
OUTPUT entries are read sequentially; therefore, where multiple OUTPUT entries exist with
the same keyword, the last instance is used.
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141
9.
If OUTPUT,STAT,NO is defined, the *.stat file is deleted at the end of the run (as long as
the run was successful), but the file always exists during the run.
10. OUTPUT,DESIGN takes precedence over the information provided on the older DENSRES I/O
option entry. OUTPUT,DESIGN will write design results, at the frequency defined, to all
active output formats (HM, H3D, or OPTI), regardless of the frequency chosen for that
output format. By default, HM is the only active output format.
11. When CMSMETH is used, or when a full multi-body dynamics run is performed, the CMS
stress modes can be written to OP2 format. This only happens when OUTPUT,OP2 (or
FORMAT,OP2) is defined. One file for each is generated. Stresses are written for shells
and solids, while forces are written for bars/beams and welds. Each mode is written as a
static load case with ID equal to the mode index. This output is compatible with FEMFAT
by MAGNA.
12. The MODEL/NOMODEL option for OUTPUT, OP2 may be overridden by the PARAM, OGEOM
bulk data entry.
13. The FSTHICK keyword generates a file with the .fsthick extension. The file contains
bulk data entries for elements (CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3, and CTRIA6) contained in freesize design spaces. The element definitions have the optimized thickness defined as
nodal thicknesses (Ti) for each element.
14. The HGMODFAC keyword generates a HyperGraph3D presentation providing 3D plots of
modal participation factors. The plots display the mode number on the x-axis, the
frequency (for frequency response analyses) or time (for transient analyses) on the yaxis and the modal participation factor on the z-axis.
The NORM option normalizes the participation factors with respect to 1.
In HyperGraph3D, it is possible to define cross-sections to generate 2D plots of either:
a) Modal participation factor vs. frequency or time for a given number.
b) Modal participation factor vs. mode number at a given frequency or time.
For frequency response analyses, plots are generated for the real part, the imaginary part
and the magnitude of the participation factors. Magnitude plot is visible by default, while
real and imaginary plots are hidden by default.
15. The H3D output from optimization runs consists of a number of files. The BYSUB/BYITER
option allows switching between two modes of H3D output. There is a no default option
(BYSUB/BYITER) for analysis runs.
BYSUB (This is the default option for optimization runs) outputs one _des.h3d file for
the animation of the optimization history. The frequency of the optimization results in
this file is defined by OUTPUT, DESIGN (Default = ALL). In addition, an _si.h3d file for
each subcase i is written that contains the history of the analysis results for each
subcase. Frequency determines the analysis result output frequency. Optimization
results can be written to the subcase files using DENSITY, SHAPE, or THICKNESS output
requests.
(Using OUTPUT, H3D, or BYSUB for analysis runs (without optimization) will output the
same files as above (except for the _des.h3d file), however no design results or
analysis history will be available within the files).
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BYITER outputs one .#.h3d file per iteration that contains the optimization and
analysis results for all subcases per iteration. Frequency determines at which iteration
these files are created. It overwrites the default of OUTPUT, DESIGN unless an actual
OUTPUT, DESIGN statement is present. In the case of a shape optimization, the GRID
coordinates of the model in the respective iteration are updated to the new shape.
(Using OUTPUT, H3D, or BYITER for analysis runs (without optimization) will output
only one .h3d file since there are no multiple iterations).
16. Results for interior points of external superelements will be output by default to HM, H3D,
PUNCH, and OP2 files.
17. If GPSTRESS output is requested in addition to OUTPUT, ADAMSMNF, then nodal stress
results for solid elements will be written to the .mnf file.
18. For FSTOSZ options:
Bundles: This specifies the number of ply bundles to be generated per fiber orientation.
Method: Ply bundle thicknesses are determined based on the method defined.
ADVFREE: Advanced algorithm with free thicknesses.
ADVMAN: Advanced algorithm with manufacturable thicknesses.
SIMFREE: Simple algorithm with free thicknesses.
SIMMAN: Simple algorithm with manufacturable thicknesses.
The advanced algorithm is available for 2, 4 and 8 ply bundles. It takes into account the
thickness distribution when generating the ply bundles, which results in a more accurate
representation of the original free-sized thickness profile.
Ply bundle thickness can also be multiples of the manufacturable ply thickness.
Ignore: Elements may be ignored in a given ply orientation when their thickness is less
than 5% of the maximum thickness. This option is inactive by default.
19. H3DSENS, USER indicates that the user-defined responses should be included in the DSA
output. NOUSER indicates that user-defined responses should not be included. In both
cases, responses defined through the DSA output request are included in the DSA output.
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143
PFGRID
I/O Options Entry
PFGRID Output Request for Acoustic Grid Participation
Description
The PFGRID command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of acoustic
grid participation factors for all frequency response subcases. The output will be in the .h3d
file.
Format
PFGRID (GRIDS=setg, GRIDF=setfl, FREQUENCY=setf, NULL=ipower, RPCUTOFF=rval,
RPDBACUT=rpdba, CONTOUR=YES/NO,PEAKOUT) = setdof/PEAKOUT
Examples
PFGRID(FREQUENCY=391)=12
PFGRID(PEAKOUT)=23
PFGRID(PEAKOUT)=PEAKOUT
Argumen Options
t
Description
setg
ALL:
Output acoustic grid participation for all structural grid

points at the fluid-structure interface.
NONE:
Do not output acoustic grid participation for any

structural grid points.
SID:
Output acoustic grid participation factors for a set of

grids. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRID.
ALL:
Output acoustic grid participation for all fluid grid points

at the fluid-structure interface.
NONE:
Do not output acoustic grid participation for any fluid

grid points.
SID:
Output acoustic grid participation factors for a set of

grids. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRID.
<ALL, NONE,
SID>
Default = NONE
setfl
<ALL, NONE,
SID>
Default = NONE
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Argumen Options
t
Description
setf
ALL:
Participation factors are processed for all excitation

frequencies.
SID:
Participation factors are only processed for a set of

excitation frequencies. SID refers to the ID of a SET of
type FREQ.
<ALL, SID>
Default = ALL
ipower
<INTEGER>
When the magnitude of a grid participation is below 10 to the

minus ipower, the grid participation will not be output. In other
words, if the grid participation is less than 10-ipower, the result
output for this grid will be skipped.
Default = 30
rval
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
rpdba
<NonNegative
REAL>
Default = 0.0
CONTOUR
(YES/NO)
Default = YES
PEAKOUT
The grid participation will be calculated at the excited

frequencies when the magnitude of the pressure is above rval.
The excitation frequency will be a subset of setf.
RPDBACUT is the decibel pressure cutoff value for fluid

responses, and is similar to RPCUTOFF. It will take precedence
over RPCUTOFF for fluid responses. A weighting is applied to
RPDBACUT values at the excitation frequency. The grid
participation will be calculated when the magnitude of the
response is about the cutoff value. See comment 4 for decibel
calculations and reference pressure settings.
If CONTOUR is specified as YES, the area projected value for the

fluid grid participation is output. Otherwise, the output of fluid
grid participation would be the actual complex value.
If PEAKOUT is present as an option inside the parenthesis of the PFGRID data,

then the filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT data will be considered for output
of grid participation.
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145
Argumen Options
t
Description
setdof/
PEAKOUT
Degrees of freedom for which the grid participation factors are

to be processed. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRID.
If PEAKOUT is specified instead of SID, the output will be
considered at the filtered frequencies corresponding to the
degree of freedom in the PEAKOUT card in the bulk section.
<SID/
PEAKOUT>
Comments
1.
Output is to the H3D file only.
2.
Acoustic grid participation factors are available in a coupled frequency response analysis
(both in direct and modal frequency response).
3.
The FREQUENCY keyword can be used to select a subset of excitation frequencies

available.
4.
The dB value is calculated using 20 * log10(P/P0), where P0 is the reference pressure.

The reference pressure is dependent on the units specified on the UNITS input data. If
the units are SI, the value is set as 2.0E-5 Pa. If they are CGS, it is set as 2.0E-4 barye.
If they are MPa, it is set as 2.0E-11 MPa. If they are BG or EE, then it is set as 4.17E-7
lbf/ft 2. If no UNITS data is present, the default value is 2.0E-11 MPa.
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Altair Engineering
PFMODE
I/O Options Entry
PFMODE Output Request for Modal Participation
Description
The PFMODE command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of modal
participation factors for all modal frequency response subcases.
Format
PFMODE (type, FLUIDMP=fmp, STRUCTMP=smp, PANELMP=setp, FREQUENCY=setf,
FILTER=fratio, NULL=ipower, RPCUTOFF=rval, RPDBACUT=rpdba, MTYPE=otype,
CMSSET=seset, RTYPE=rtype, outfile, PEAKOUT) = setdof/PEAKOUT
Examples
PFMODE(FLUID,STRUCTMP=30,FREQUENCY=391,PANELMP=ALL)=393
PFMODE(STRUCTURE,H3D)=23
PFMODE(FLUID,H3D,PEAKOUT)=11
PFMODE(STRUCTURE,H3D,PEAKOUT)=PEAKOUT
PFMODE(FLUID,PUNCH)=31
Argument Options
Description
type
STRUCTURE:
Requests output of structural modal participation

factors.
FLUID:
Requests output of acoustic modal participation

factors.
ALL:
Participation factors will be computed for all

calculated fluid modes.
<STRUCTURE,
FLUID>
Default =
STRUCTURE
fmp
<ALL, N,
NONE>
Default = NONE N:
NONE:
Altair Engineering
Number of fluid modes for which modal

participation factors will be computed, based on
the largest magnitude of modal contribution.
Participation factors are not calculated for fluid
modes.

147
Argument Options
Description
smp
ALL:
<ALL, N,
NONE>
Default = NONE N:
setp
<ALL, NONE>
<ALL, SID>
Participation factors are not calculated for

structural modes.
ALL:
Output structural modal participation for each

panel specified in the PANEL data.
NONE:
Do not output panel modal participation.
ALL:
Participation factors are processed for all

excitation frequencies.
SID:
Participation factors are only processed for a set

of excitation frequencies. SID refers to the ID of
a SET of type FREQ.
Default = ALL
fratio
<REAL>
Specifies the value of a filter to be applied to the output.

Values of modal participation below fratio times the
displacement or pressure are not output.
Default =
0.001
ipower
<INTEGER>
When the magnitude of a modal participation is below 10 to the

minus ipower, the modal participation will not be output. In
other words, if the modal participation is less than 10-ipower, the
result output for this mode will be skipped.
Default = 30
rval
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
148
Number of structural modes for which modal

participation factors will be computed based on
the largest magnitude of modal contribution.
NONE:
Default = NONE
setf
Participation factors will be computed for all

calculated structural modes.
The modal participation will be calculated at the excited

frequencies when the magnitude of the response is above rval.
The excitation frequency will be a subset of setf.

Altair Engineering
Argument Options
Description
rpdba
<Non-Negative RPDBACUT is the decibel pressure cutoff value for fluid

responses, and is similar to RPCUTOFF. It will take precedence
REAL>
over RPCUTOFF for fluid responses. A weighting is applied to
Default = 0.0 RPDBACUT values at the excitation frequency. The modal
participation will be calculated when the magnitude of the
response is about the cutoff value. See comment 9 for decibel
calculations and reference pressure settings.
otype
<ALL, SYSTEM, For SYSTEM, the output related to PFMODE will correspond to
CMS>
the whole model. Component modal participation will not be
output by default. However, when using ALL or CMS, the
Default =
component modal participation will be output. For the CMS
SYSTEM
option, there will not be system modal participation. Component
modal participation can also be calculated for internal grids in
the superelement.
seset
<ALL, SID>
Default = ALL
Component modal participation of all the H3D superelements will

be output by default. However, you can specify a specific set
of superelement names for output.
rtype
<DISP, VELO,
ACCE>
The Structural modal participation will be output for

Displacement, Velocity or Acceleration respectively based on
Default = DISP the specified option (DISP, VELO, ACCE).
outfile
<PUNCH, H3D> Modal participation can be exported either into the H3D file or
PUNCH file. Because of the large volume of data, it is
Default = H3D
recommended to export the modal participation data into a H3D
file.
PEAKOUT
If PEAKOUT is present inside the bracket of the PFMODE option, the filtered
frequencies from the PEAKOUT card will be considered for the output of modal
participation.
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149
Argument Options
Description
setdof/
PEAKOUT
Degrees-of-freedom for which the participation factors are to be

processed. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRIDC for
structure participation and GRID for fluid participation. If
PEAKOUT is specified instead of SID, the output will be
considered at the filtered frequencies corresponding to the
degree of freedom on the PEAKOUT card in the bulk section.
<SID/
PEAKOUT>
Comments
1.
The output of both the PFMODE and PFPANEL must be either to an H3D file or to a PUNCH
file. Both PFPANEL and PFMODE must have the same output option.
2.
The modal participation output is sorted in descending order by magnitude of the modal
participation in the PUNCH file output.
3.
PFMODE(FLUID,..) and PFMODE(STRUCTURE,) can coexist in the input data, but only
one PFMODE(FLUID) and one PFMODE(STRUCTURE) are allowed in a single SUBCASE.
4.
Keywords FLUIDMP and PANELMP are only valid if FLUID is specified.
5.
If STRUCTURE is specified, setdof must reference a set of structural degrees-of-freedom.

If FLUID is specified, setdof must reference a set of acoustic degrees-of-freedom.
6.

available.
7.
The filter is applied to the magnitude of the modal participation factors. Only modal
participation factors that pass the filter are output.
8.
If the magnitude of the total response at a selected response degree-of-freedom is less

than 10-ipower, then no modal participation factors are processed. If ipower is not in the
range of 1 to 31, the default of 30 is used.
9.
The dB value is calculated using 20 * log10 (P/P0), where P0 is the reference pressure.
10. Legacy format for the export of modal participation to H3D or PUNCH files: PFMODE (type,
OUTPUT=outfile)=setdof/PEAKOUT is also supported.
11. If you wish to output modal participation factors for interior points of a superelement (in a
CMS model), the SEINTPNT entry can be used in the subcase information section to
convert the interior points of interest to exterior points. After conversion, these points
can now be referenced by the <SID/PEAKOUT> option for the sedof/PEAKOUT argument.
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PFPANEL
I/O Options Entry
PFPANEL Output Request for Acoustic Panel Participation
Description
The PFPANEL command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of acoustic
panel participation factors for all frequency response subcases.
Format
PFPANEL (PANEL=setp, FREQUENCY=setf, outfile,peakout) = setdof/PEAKOUT
Examples
PFPANEL(PANEL=ALL,FREQUENCY=45)=12
PFPANEL(H3D, PEAKOUT)=56
PFPANEL(H3D, PEAKOUT)=PEAKOUT
PFPANEL(PUNCH)=32
Argumen Options
t
Description
setp
ALL:
Output acoustic panel participation for all panels.
NONE:
Do not output acoustic panel participation.
ALL:
Participation factors are processed for all excitation

frequencies.
SID:
Participation factors are only processed for a set of

excitation frequencies. SID refers to the ID of a SET
of type FREQ.
<ALL, NONE>
Default = NONE
setf
<ALL, SID>
Default = ALL
outfile
<PUNCH, H3D>
Default = H3D
Altair Engineering
Panel participation can be exported either into a H3D file or a

PUNCH file. Because of the large volume of data, it is
recommended to export the panel participation data into a H3D
file.

151
Argumen Options
t
Description
PEAKOUT
If PEAKOUT is present as an option inside the parentheses of the PFPANEL data,

then the filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT data will be considered for output
of panel participation.
setdof/
PEAKOUT
<SID/
PEAKOUT>
Degrees-of-freedom for which the panel participation factors

are to be processed. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type
GRID. If PEAKOUT is specified instead of SID, the output will
be considered at the filtered frequencies corresponding to the
degree-of-freedom in the PEAKOUT card in the bulk section.
Comments
1.
Output is to the H3D or PUNCH files only. The output of both PFMODE and PFPANEL must
be either to an H3D file or to a PUNCH file. Both PFPANEL and PFMODE must have the same
output option.
2.
Acoustic panel participation factors are available in a coupled frequency response analysis
(both in direct and modal frequency response).
3.

available. The closest loading frequency will be chosen in this case.
4.
Legacy format for the export of acoustic panel participation to H3D or PUNCH files:
PFPANEL (OUTPUT=outfile)=setdof/PEAKOUT is also supported.
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PFPATH
I/O Options Entry
PFPATH Output Request
Description
The PFPATH command can be used in the I/O Options section for transfer path analysis for a
response at the connection points.
Format
PFPATH = SID
Comments
SID references a PFPATH card in the Bulk Data section.
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153
POWERFLOW
I/O Options Entry
POWERFLOW Output Request
Description
The POWERFLOW command can be used in the I/O Options section to request output of the
power flow field.
Format
POWERFLOW (format,peakoutput) = option
Argument Options
Description
format
H3D:
Results are output in Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
PEAKOUT:

<H3D>
Default = H3D
peakoutpu <PEAKOUT>
t
Default =
blank
option

NONE, SID>
blank:
Default = ALL
Power flow field is output for all elements.
NO, NONE:
Power flow field is not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, power flow field is output

only for the contents of that set.
Comments
1.
Power flow field output is only available to the .h3d file.
2.
The power flow field indicates the magnitude and direction of vibrational energy which
travels in dynamically loaded structures. It helps with identifying the energy transmission
paths as well as the vibration sources and energy sinks. Structural intensity, defined as
the power flow per unit area, is also available.
3.
The references used in the calculation of the power flow field are listed in the References
section of the Users Guide.
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PRESSURE
PRESSURE - Output Request
Description
The PRESSURE command is analogous to the DISPLACEMENT command. Refer to the
documentation for the DISPLACEMENT command.
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155
PRETBOLT
PRETBOLT - Output Request
Description
The PRETBOLT command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request output of pretension force/adjustment values in the pretension bolts for all
pretensioning and pretensioned subcases.
Format
PRETBOLT (format) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<OPTI, blank>
OPTI:

format (.pret file).
blank:

YES:
Pretension force/adjustment values are

output for all bolts.
NO:
Pretension force/adjustment values are

not output.
Default = blank
option
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
Example
PRETBOLT (OPTI) = YES
PRETBOLT = NO
PRETBOLT (OPTI)
PRETBOLT
Comments
1.
When a PRETBOLT command is not present, pretension force/adjustment values are not
output.
2.
dominates.
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PROPERTY
I/O Options Entry
PROPERTY - Output Control
Description
The PROPERTY command can be used in the I/O Options section to request the output of the
property definitions used in the final iteration of an optimization.
Format
PROPERTY = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<FILE, OUT,
BOTH, NONE>
FILE or blank: Updated property definitions are output

to the .prop file.
Default = FILE
OUT:
Updated property definitions are output

to the .out file.
BOTH:
Updated property definitions are output

to both the .out file and the .prop file.
NONE:
Updated property definitions are not

output.
Comments
1.
When a PROPERTY command is not present the updated property definitions will not be
output.
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RADSND
RADSND - References RADSND Bulk Data to specify sound generation panels and microphone
field points
Description
The RADSND command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request radiated sound output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
RADSND = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<SID>
SID:
ID of RADSND bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
158
Multiple instances of this card are allowed. If the instances are conflicting, the last
instance will be considered.

Altair Engineering
RCROSS
I/O Options Entry
RCROSS Output Request
Description
The RCROSS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request computation and
output of cross-power spectral density functions for random response analysis.
Format
RCROSS(format_list,form,type, randid=RANDPS_ID) = option
Argume
nt
Options
Description
format
<PUNCH,
blank>
PUNCH:
Results are output in Nastran punch results format

(.pch file).
blank:
Results are output in all active formats for which the

result is available.
COMPLEX:
Provides a combined magnitude/phase form of

complex output to the .res file if HM output format
is chosen. The REAL form of complex output is used
for other formats if they are not specifically defined.
(Phase output is in degrees).
REAL or
IMAG:
Provides rectangular format (real and imaginary) of

complex output.
PHASE:
Provides polar format (phase and magnitude) of

complex output.
BOTH:
Provides both rectangular and polar formats of

complex output.
PSDF:
Requests the cross-power spectral density function

be calculated and output for random analysis postprocessing.
Default =
blank
form
<COMPLEX,
REAL, IMAG,
PHASE,
BOTH>
Default =
COMPLEX
type
<PSDF>
Default =
PSDF
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159
Argume
nt
Options
Description
option
<RCROSS_ID> RCROSS_ID:
Set identification of an RCROSS bulk data entry.
randid
<RANDPS_ID, RANDPS_ID:
blank>
Set identification number of a RANDPS bulk data

entry (see comments 3 and 4).
Comments
1.
The RCROSS I/O option must be used in conjunction with the RANDOM subcase information
entry.
2.
Response quantities, such as DISPLACEMENT, STRESS and STRAIN, must be requested by

corresponding I/O Options in order to compute cross-power spectral density between the
two response quantities specified by the RCROSS bulk data entry.
3.
Multiple RCROSS bulk data entries must be defined when each RCROSS subcase
information entry references different randid.
For example:
rcross(PUNCH,
rcross(PUNCH,
rcross(PUNCH,
rcross(PUNCH,
4.
160
PHASE,
PHASE,
PHASE,
PHASE,
PSDF,
PSDF,
PSDF,
PSDF,
randid=210020)=451
randid=210050)=452
randid=210070)=453
randid=210090)=454
randid=<RANDPS_ID> must be specified within the RCROSS I/O options entry when
multiple RANDOM subcase information entries are present.

Altair Engineering
REQUEST
REQUEST Multi-Body Request Selection
Description
The REQUEST command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
select a multi-body request definition to be used in a multi-body problem.
Format
REQUEST = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
<SID>
SID:
Set identification of MBREQ, MBREQE, or MBREQM

bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1.
Only one REQUEST entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
This subcase information entry is only valid when it appears in a multi-body subcase.
3.
If the SID referenced by the REQUEST subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an MBREQ bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MBREQ bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the multibody motion entries: MBREQE or MBREQM which have this SID will be selected.
4.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to each multi-body dynamics subcase
without a REQUEST entry.
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161
RESPRINT
I/O Options Entry
RESPRINT - Output Control
Description
The RESPRINT command can be used in the I/O Options section to force all unretained
responses of a certain type to be printed to the output file, provided they are referenced
either as an objective or a constraint. This also applies to manufacturing constraints for
composites.
Format
RESPRINT = option
Argument Options
Description
option
MASS:
Mass and massfrac

responses are output.
VOLUME:
Volume and volfrac

DISP:
Acceleration, Displacement
and Velocity responses are
output.
BUCK:
Buckling responses are

output.
STRESS:
Stress responses, including

CSTRESS and CFAILURE
responses, are output.
FREQ:
Frequency responses are

output.
EQUA, WCOMP,
WFREQ, or COMB:
All equation and combination

EXTERNAL:
External responses (defined

by DRESP3) are output.
COMP:
Compliance responses are

output.
<MASS, VOLUME, DISP,

BUCK, STRESS, FREQ,
EQUA, EXTERNAL, WCOMP,
WFREQ, COMB, COMP,
STRAIN, FORCE, COG,
INERTIA, MANUF, ALL>
No default
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Argument Options
Description
STRAIN:
Strain responses, including

CSTRAIN responses, are
output.
FORCE:
Force responses are output.
COG:
Center of gravity responses

are output.
INERTIA:
Inertia responses are output.
MANUF:
Manufacturing constraints for

composites are output.
ALL:
All design responses are

output. However,
manufacturing constraints for
composites are not listed.
Comments
1.
When a RESPRINT command is not present, only retained responses will be output.
2.
The arguments may be placed on a single card in a comma-separated list.

For example:
RESPRINT = STRESS, DISP
will force all stress and displacement responses referenced as either an objective or
constraint to be output.
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163
RESTART
I/O Options Entry
RESTART - Run Control Command
Description
The RESTART command can be used in the I/O Options section to indicate that the current
optimization is to be restarted from the final iteration of a previous optimization.
Format
RESTART = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<File prefix>
File prefix:
Default = prefix of .fem

file
The prefix of the .sh file to be

used as the starting iteration
for the restart.
Comments
1.
To restart an optimization, you will need information about the final iteration of a previous
optimization run. This information is contained in the .sh file.
2.
The purpose of the restart functionality is for restarting with unconverged optimization
runs or optimization runs that were terminated before completion (due to a power outage,
and so on). Only limited changes are allowed to be made to the model data. Refer to
the User's Guide section Restarting OptiStruct.
3.
This I/O Option is not valid for analysis mode.
4.
Output files from a restart run are appended with the extension _rst#, where # is a 3
digit number indicating the starting iteration for the restart run. For example,
filename_rst030.out is the .out file created when restarting filename.fem from
iteration 30.
5.
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RESULTS
I/O Options Entry
RESULTS - Output Control
Description
The RESULTS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
determine the frequency of output of analysis results for all subcases or for individual
Format
RESULTS = frequency
Argument
Options
Description
frequency
<FIRST, LAST, FL,

ALL, NONE, N>
FIRST:
Output analysis results for the first

iteration only.
Default = FL
LAST:
Output analysis results for the final

iteration only.
FL, blank:
Output analysis results for both the first

and last iterations.
ALL:
Output analysis results for all iterations.
NONE:
Do not output analysis results.
N:
Output analysis results for the first and

last iterations and for every Nth
iteration. If N = 5, output occurs for
iterations 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and so on,
and the final iteration. All equation and
combination responses are output.
Comments
1.
When a RESULTS command is not present, analysis results are output for formats that are
activated by the FORMAT command for both the first and last iterations.
2.
The information on this card pertains to all analysis output formats that are not
specifically described by an OUTPUT command.
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165
3.
166
It is recommended to use the OUTPUT command as it allows different frequencies of

output to be defined for different formats.

Altair Engineering
SACCELERATION
SACCELERATION - Output Request
Description
The SACCELERATION command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request the form and type of modal participation accelerations output for all subcases or
individual subcases respectively.
Format
SACCELERATION (sorting,format_list,form,peakoutput) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>

(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output
for normal modes, frequency response, and
Default = blank
format
SORT1:

SORT2:

7).
blank:
SORT1 is used for all results

except for transient analysis,
where SORT2 is used.
<H3D, PUNCH, OP2,

PLOT, blank>
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
Default = blank
PUNCH:

OP2:

comment 9).
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167
Argument
form
Options
Description
PLOT:

bulk data section.
blank:

available.
REAL or IMAG:

output.
PHASE:

Phase output is in degrees.
PEAKOUT:

for this output.
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
YES, ALL, blank:
Results are output.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
<REAL, IMAG,
PHASE>
Default = REAL
peakoutput
<PEAKOUT>
Default = blank
option
Comments
1.
When the SACCELERATION command is not present, modal participation accelerations are
not output.
2.
The SACCELERATION command is only valid for modal frequency response and modal
transient solution sequences.
3.
The OFREQUENCY and OTIME I/O Options may be used to control the amount of output.
4.
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5.
dominates.
6.
7.
8.
The abbreviations SACCE and SACCEL are interchangeable with SACCELERATION.
9.
format (.op2 file).
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169
SCREEN
I/O Options Entry
SCREEN - Output Control
Description
The SCREEN command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the output of model,
analysis, and optimization information to the UNIX or DOS shell.
Format
SCREEN = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<OUT, LOG,
NONE>
OUT, blank:
The .out file is echoed to the screen.
Default = NONE
LOG:
A log of the optimization process is echoed

to the screen.
NONE:
No information is echoed to the screen.
Comments
1.
When a SCREEN command is not present, no information is echoed to the screen.
2.
If the option LOG is chosen, the value of the objective function and the maximum
constraint violation at every iteration, as well as indication of satisfied convergence
ratios, are echoed to the screen.
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SDISPLACEMENT
SDISPLACEMENT - Output Request
Description
The SDISPLACEMENT command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
to request the form and type of modal participation displacements output for all subcases or
Format
SDISPLACEMENT (sorting,format_list,form,peakoutput) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>

file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file) output for normal
modes, frequency response, and transient subcases. It
will be ignored without warning if used elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
SORT1:

grouped together.
SORT2:

blank:
SORT1 is used for all results except for

transient analysis, where SORT2 is used.
<H3D, PUNCH,
H3D:
OP2, PLOT, blank>

(.h3d file).
Default = blank
PUNCH:

OP2:

PLOT:

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171
Argument
Options
Description
blank:
form

REAL, IMAG:

PHASE:

phase) of complex output. Phase
output is in degrees.
PEAKOUT:

<YES, ALL,
NO, NONE>
YES, ALL, blank:
Results are output.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
<REAL, IMAG,
PHASE>
Default = REAL
Default = blank
option
Comments
1.
When the SDISPLACEMENT command is not present, modal participation displacements are
not output.
2.
The SDISPLACEMENT command is only valid for modal frequency response and modal
transient solution sequences.
3.
The OFREQUENCY and OTIME I/O options may be used to control the amount of output.
4.
5.
dominates.
6.
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7.
8.
The abbreviation SDISP is interchangeable with SDISPLACEMENT.
9.
format (.op2 file).
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173
SENSITIVITY
I/O Options Entry
SENSITIVITY - Output Request
Description
The SENSITIVITY command can be used in the I/O Options section to request the output of
the responses and sensitivities for size and shape design variables to a Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet.
Format
SENSITIVITY = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, NO, ALL, NONE,

STRESS, NOSTRESS>
NO, NONE:
The results and sensitivities are not

output.
Default = NONE
YES,
NOSTRESS,
blank:
The results and sensitivities are

output excepting stress, strain, and
force responses.
ALL or
STRESS:
The results and sensitivities are

output including stress, strain, and
force responses.
Comments
1.
This command is ignored when OUTPUT, MSSENS command is present.
2.
When SENSITIVITY is not present, sensitivity information is not output.
3.
The frequency of this output is controlled by the SENSOUT option.
4.
For more details on the output format, go to the #.slk file page in the output section of
the Reference Guide.
5.
Additional sensitivity output requests for topology, free-sizing and gauge design variables
can be made through OUTPUT,H3DTOPOL and OUTPUT,H3DGAUGE (in H3D format), and
OUTPUT,ASCSENS (ASCII format).
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SENSOUT
I/O Options Entry
SENSOUT - Output Control
Description
The SENSOUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the frequency of
output of responses and sensitivities for size and shape design variables to a Microsoft Excel
spreadsheet.
Format
SENSOUT = frequency
Argument
Options
Description
frequency
<FIRST, LAST,
FL, ALL, N>
FIRST:
The results and sensitivities are output for the

first iteration only.
Default = FL
LAST:

final iteration only.
FL,
blank:
The results and sensitivities are output for

both the first and last iterations.
ALL:
The results and sensitivities are output for all

iterations.
N:

first and last iterations and for every Nth
iteration. If N = 5, output occurs for iterations
0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and so on, and the final
iteration. All equation and combination
Comments
1.
This command is ignored when OUTPUT, MSSENS command is present.
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175
SHAPE
SHAPE - Output Request
Description
The SHAPE command can be used in the I/O Options section to request altered shape output
for a shape optimization.
Format
SHAPE (format_list,type) = option
Argument Options
Description
format
HM:

format (.res file).
H3D:

(.h3d file).
blank:

ALL:
Results are output in all simulations.
DES,
blank:
Results are only output in the design

history simulations.
YES, ALL,
blank:
Results are output.
NO, NONE:
<HM, H3D, blank>

Default = blank
type
<ALL, DES>
Default = DES
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE>
Default = YES
Comments
1.
When the SHAPE command is not present, shape results are output.
2.
Shape results are only available for shape, topography, and free-shape optimizations.
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Altair Engineering
3.
Outputting the shape results in all simulations allows analysis results to be plotted on the
altered shape.
4.
5.
6.
dominates.
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177
SINTENS
SINTENS - Output Request
Description
The SINTENS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request Sound Intensity
output for all frequency response subcases. The SINTENS command can be used in the I/O
Options or Subcase Information sections to request Sound Intensity output for all subcases or
Format
SINTENS(type) = option
Argument Options
Description
type
PANEL,
blank:
Sound Intensity is output for both panels

and microphone locations.
NOPANEL:
Sound Intensity is output only for

microphone locations.
ALL,
blank:
Sound Intensity is output for all panel

grids and all grids defined as microphone
locations on the RADSND bulk data. In
addition, the total Sound Intensity for
each Panel and all the microphone
locations is output.
<PANEL, NOPANEL>
Default = PANEL
option
<ALL>
Default = ALL
Note: Sound Intensity is output only for

microphone locations if
type=NOPANEL is specified.
Comments
1.
When the SINTENS command is present, Sound Intensity is output for all RADSND panel
grids and all microphone grids for all frequency response subcases. (If type=NOPANEL is
specified, sound intensity results are output only for microphone locations).
2.
Sound Intensity results (via SINTENS) are output to the .h3d file.
3.
SINTENS can only be requested for frequency response subcases.
4.
Sound intensity is always output for microphone locations regardless of the specified type
(PANEL/NOPANEL).
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SPCFORCE
SPCFORCE - Output Request
Description
The SPCFORCE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request single-point force of constraint vector output for all subcases or individual subcases
respectively.
Format
SPCFORCE (sorting,format_list,form,type,peakoutput) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>

elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OP2,
PLOT, blank>
SORT1:

grouped together.
SORT2:
Results for each grid/element are grouped

together (See comment 10).
blank:
For frequency response analysis, if no grid

SET is specified, SORT1 is used, otherwise,
SORT2 is used.
HM:

format (.res file).
H3D:

file).
OPTI:

format (.spcf file).
PUNCH:
Default = blank
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179
Argument
Options
Description
format (.pch file).
form
<COMPLEX, REAL,
IMAG, PHASE,
BOTH>
OP2:

PLOT:

blank:

COMPLEX
(HM only),
blank:
Provides a combined magnitude/phase form

of complex output to the .res file for the
HM output format.
Default (HM only)

REAL,
= COMPLEX
IMAG:
Default (all other
formats) = REAL
PHASE:
type
<SPARSE, ALL>

phase) of complex output. Phase output is
in degrees.
BOTH (HM
only):
Provides both polar and rectangular formats

of complex output.
ALL:
Single-point force of constraint is output

for all selected nodes.
SPARSE:

only for selected nodes with a component
with a magnitude of 1.0E-10 or greater.
PEAKOUT:

Default = SPARSE
Default = blank
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Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL,
blank:

for all nodes.
NO, NONE:
Single-point force of constraint is not

output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, single-point force of

constraint is output only for nodes listed in
that set.
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When an SPCFORCE command is not present, single-point force of constraint vector is not
output.
2.
Single-point force of constraint values are highly dependent on mesh density and type of
elements used.
3.
For modal frequency analysis, residual forces are zero only in modal space. Therefore,
the single-point force of constraint vector may not be accurate unless all modes are used
in the modal solution. When all possible modes in the model space are used, the modal
frequency analysis solution should match the direct frequency analysis solution.
4.
When single-point force of constraint is calculated, the reaction force summary, the load
summary, and the strain energy residuals for the affected subcases are written to the
.out file.
5.
other instances.
6.
7.
8.
dominates.
9.
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181
10. In general, HyperView does not recognize the SORT2 format for results from the .op2 file.
format (.op2 file).
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SPL
SPL - Output Request
Description
The SPL command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to request
Sound Pressure output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively. SPL can only be
requested for frequency response subcases.
Format
SPL = option
Argument Options
Description
option
ALL,
blank:
<ALL>
Default = ALL
Sound Pressure is output for all grids

defined as microphone locations on the
RADSND bulk data.
Comments
1.
When the SPL command is present, Sound Pressure is output for all microphone grids for
all frequency response subcases.
2.
Sound Pressure results (via SPL) are output to the .h3d file.
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183
SPOWER
SPOWER - Output Request
Description
The SPOWER command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request Sound Power output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively. SPOWER can
only be requested for frequency response subcases.
Format
SPOWER(type) = option
Argument Options
Description
type
PANEL,
blank:
Sound Power is output for both panels

and microphone locations.
NOPANEL:
Sound Power is output only for

microphone locations.
ALL,
blank:
Sound Power is output for all panel grids

and all grids defined as microphone
locations on the RADSND bulk data. In
addition, the total Sound Power for each
Panel and all the microphone locations is
output.
<PANEL, NOPANEL>
Default = PANEL
option
<ALL>
Default = ALL
Note:
Sound Power is output only for
microphone locations if type=NOPANEL is
specified.
Comments
1.
When the SPOWER command is present, Sound Power is output for all RADSND panel grids
and all microphone grids for all frequency response subcases. (If type=NOPANEL is
specified, sound power results are output only for microphone locations).
2.
Sound power is always output for microphone locations regardless of the specified type
(PANEL/NOPANEL).
3.
Sound Power results (via SPOWER) are output to the .h3d file.
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STRAIN
STRAIN - Output Request
Description
The STRAIN command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request strain output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
STRAIN
(sorting,format_list,form,type,location,extras_list,random,peakoutput,modal) =
option
Argument
Options
Descriptions
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>

elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OP2,
PLOT, blank>
SORT1:
Results for each frequency/timestep

are grouped together.
SORT2:

blank:
For frequency response analysis, if no

element SET is specified, SORT1 is
used, otherwise, SORT2 is used; for
transient analysis, SORT2 is used.
HM:

results format (.res file). Refer to
Strain Results Written in HyperMesh
.res Format.
H3D:

(.h3d file). Refer to Strain Results
Written in HyperView .h3d Format.
Default = blank
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185
Argument
Options
Descriptions
OPTI:

results format (.strn file).
PUNCH:

results format (.pch file). Refer to
Strain Results Written in Nastran .op2
and .pch Formats.
OP2:

format (.op2 file) (see comment 15,
and also refer to Strain Results
Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch
Formats).
PLOT:

format (.op2 file) when PARAM, POST
is defined in the bulk data section.
Refer to Strain Results Written in
Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats.
If PARAM, POST is not defined in the
bulk data section, this format allows
the form for complex results to be
defined for XYPUNCH output without
having other output.
blank:
form

available.
<COMPLEX, REAL, COMPLEX (HM

IMAG, PHASE,
only), blank:
BOTH>
Provides a combined magnitude/phase

form of complex output to the .res
file for the HM output format.
Default (HM
only) = COMPLEX

REAL or IMAG:
Default (all other PHASE:

formats) = REAL
Provides polar format (phase and

magnitude) of complex output.
BOTH (HM only): Provides both rectangular and polar

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Argument
Options
Descriptions
type
<VON, PRINC,
MAXS, SHEAR,
ALL, TENSOR,
DIRECT>
VON:
Only von Mises strain results are

output.
PRINC, MAXS,
SHEAR:
von Mises and maximum principal

strain results are output.
ALL:
All strain results are output.
TENSOR:
All strain results are output. Tensor

format is used for H3D output.
DIRECT:
All strain results are output. Direct

format is used for H3D output.
<CENTER,
CENTER:
CUBIC, SGAGE,
CORNER, BILIN>
Element strains for shell and solid

elements are output at the element
center only.
Default = ALL
location
Default = CENTER
extras
<MECH, THER,
PLASTIC>
CUBIC:

center and grid points using the
strain gage approach with cubic
bending correction.
SGAGE:

center and grid points using the
strain gage approach.
CORNER or
BILIN:
Element strains for shell elements are

output at the element center and at
the grid points using bilinear
extrapolation. (see comment 11)
MECH:
Output Mechanical strain (in addition

to total strain). This output is only
No default
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187
Argument
random
Options
Descriptions
<PSDF, RMS>
THER:
Output Thermal strain (in addition to

total strain). This output is only
PLASTIC:
Output Plastic strain (in addition to

total strain). This output is only
PSDF:
Requests PSD and RMS results from

random response analysis to be
output for solid and shell elements
only (See comment 13).
No default
Only valid for the H3D format. The

"RMS over Frequencies" output is at
the end of the Random results in the
.h3d file.
RMS:

response analysis to be output for
solid and shell elements only (see
comment 13).
PEAKOUT:

filtered frequencies from the PEAKOUT
card will be considered for this
output.
MODAL:
If MODAL is present, strain results of

the structural modes and residual
vectors are output to the PUNCH,
OUTPUT2 and H3D files for modal
frequency response and transient
analyses.
Default = blank
modal
<MODAL>
Default = blank
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Argument
Options
Descriptions
option
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID,
PSID>
YES, ALL, blank:
NO, NONE:
SID:
If a set ID is given, results are output

only for elements listed in that set.
PSID:
If a property set ID is given, results

for the elements referencing
properties listed in the property set
are output.
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
When the STRAIN command is not present, no strain data is output.
2.
HyperView can internally derive strain results from the strain tensor when the options
TENSOR or ALL are used. If the option DIRECT is used, it will display the strain results
that were directly computed.
3.
The von Mises and Principal stresses are not available for frequency response analysis.
4.
For elements that reference PCOMP and PCOMPG properties, the STRAIN I/O option controls
only strain results for the homogenized composite. The CSTRAIN I/O option must be used
to obtain ply strain results.
5.
other instances.
6.
7.
8.
dominates.
9.
10. The mechanical and thermal contributions to strain may be requested in addition to the
total strain.
11. Corner strain of solid element is not available.
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189
13. PSDF and RMS von Mises strain results based on the Segalman Method are also written to
the .h3d file for Random Response Analysis (only available in the H3D format).
14. The four-letter abbreviation STRA is interchangeable with STRAIN.
format (.op2 file).
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STRESS/ELSTRESS
STRESS - Output Request
Description
The STRESS command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request stress output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
STRESS (sorting,format_list,form,type,location,random,peakoutput,modal) =
option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>
This argument only applies to the PUNCH

format (.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format
(.op2 file) output for normal modes,
frequency response, and transient subcases.
It will be ignored without warning if used
elsewhere.
Default = blank
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI, PUNCH,

OP2, PATRAN, APATRAN,
Altair Engineering
SORT1:

timestep are grouped
together.
SORT2:
Results for each grid/

element are grouped
together (see comment
12).
blank:
For normal modes analysis,

SORT1 is used; for
frequency response
analysis, if no element SET
is specified, SORT1 is used,
otherwise, SORT2 is used;
for transient analysis,
SORT2 is used.
HM:

HyperMesh results format
(.res file). Refer to Stress

191
Argument
Options
Description
PLOT, blank>
Results Written in
HyperMesh .res Format.
Default = blank
H3D:

Hyper3D format (.h3d file).
Refer to Stress Results
Written in HyperView .h3d
Format.
OPTI:

OptiStruct results format
(multiple files).
PUNCH:

Nastran punch results
format (.pch file). Refer
to Stress Results Written in
Nastran .op2 and .pch
formats.
OP2:

(.op2 file) (see comment
15, and also refer to Stress
Results Written in Nastran
.op2 and .pch Formats).
PATRAN:

Patran format (multiple
files).
APATRAN:

Patran format (multiple
files).
PLOT:

(.op2 file) when PARAM,
POST is defined in the bulk
data section. Refer to
Stress Results Written in
Nastran .op2 and .pch
Formats.
If PARAM, POST is not
defined in the bulk data
section, this format allows
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Argument
Options
Description
the form for complex
results to be defined for
XYPUNCH output, without
having other output.
form
<COMPLEX, REAL, IMAG,

PHASE, BOTH>
blank:
Results are output in all

active formats for which
the result is available.
COMPLEX (HM
only), blank:
Provides a combined
magnitude/phase form of
complex output to the .res
file for the HM output
format.
REAL or IMAG:
Provides rectangular format

(real and imaginary) of
complex output.
PHASE:
Provides polar format

(phase and magnitude) of
complex output.
BOTH (HM
only):
Provides both rectangular

and polar formats of
complex output.
VON:
Only von Mises stress

results are output (HM,
OPTI, and H3D only).
PRINC, MAXS,
SHEAR:
von Mises and maximum

principal stress results are
output (HM and H3D only).
ALL:

output.
TENSOR:

output. Tensor format is
used for H3D output.
Default (HM only) =

COMPLEX
Default (all other formats)
= REAL
type
<VON, PRINC, MAXS, SHEAR,

ALL, TENSOR, DIRECT>
Default = ALL, TENSOR
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193
Argument
location
Options
Description
<CENTER, CUBIC, SGAGE,

CORNER, BILIN>
DIRECT:

output. Direct format is
used for H3D output.
CENTER:
Element stresses for shell

and solid elements are
output at the element
center only.
CUBIC:

element center and grid
points using the strain
gage approach with cubic
bending correction.
SGAGE:

element center and grid
points using the strain
gage approach.
CORNER or
BILIN:

and solid elements are
output at the element
center and grid points
using bilinear extrapolation.
PSDF:
Requests PSD and RMS

results from random
response analysis to be
output for solid and shell
elements only (See
comment 13).
Default = CENTER
random
<PSDF, RMS>
No default
Only valid for OUTPUT2 and

H3D formats. The "RMS
over Frequencies" output is
at the end of the Random
results in the .h3d file and
labeled "Simulation 1" in
the .op2 file.
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Argument
Options
Description
Requests only the RMS
over Frequencies result
from random response
analysis to be output for
solid and shell elements
only (See comment 13).
RMS:
Valid only for OUTPUT2 and

H3D formats. It is labeled
Simulation 1 in the .op2
file.
PEAKOUT:
If PEAKOUT is present, only

the filtered frequencies
from the PEAKOUT card will
be considered for this
output.
MODAL:
If MODAL is present,
stresses of the structural
modes and residual vectors
are output to the PUNCH
and OUTPUT2 files for modal
frequency response and
transient analysis.
Default = blank
modal
<MODAL>
Default = blank
option
<YES, ALL, NO, NONE, SID,

PSID>
YES, ALL, blank: Stress results are output

for all elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Stress results are not

output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, stress

results are output only for
elements listed in that set.
PSID:
If a property set ID is
given, stress results for the
elements referencing
properties listed in the
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195
Argument
Options
Description
property set are output.
Comments
1.
When a STRESS command is not present, stress results are output for all elements for all
linear static analysis, nonlinear quasi-static gap analysis, and inertia relief analysis
subcases.
2.
HyperView can internally derive STRESS results from the stress tensor when the options
TENSOR or ALL are used. If the option DIRECT is used, it will display the stress result that
were directly computed.
3.
For elements that reference PCOMP or PCOMPG properties, the STRESS I/O option controls
only stress results for the homogenized composite. The CSTRESS I/O option must be used
to obtain ply stress and failure index results.
4.
The Von Mises and Principal stresses are not available for frequency response analyses.
5.
other instances.
6.
7.
8.
dominates.
9.
10. For normal modes analysis output, if there is USET U6 data, the stresses for each residual
displacement vector associated with the USET U6 DOF are also output to the H3D, PUNCH,
and OUTPUT2 files.
11. For modal frequency response and transient analysis, the stress vectors associated with
the residual vectors are written to the .op2 and .pch files after the modal stress vectors
if the keyword MODAL is used.
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13. PSDF and RMS von Mises stress results based on the Segalman Method are also written to
the .h3d file for Random Response Analysis (only available in the H3D format).
14. The four-letter abbreviation STRE is interchangeable with STRESS.
format (.op2 file).
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197
SUBTITLE
I/O Options Entry
SUBTITLE - File Header
Description
The SUBTITLE command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
define the subtitle for all subcases or for individual subcases respectively.
Format
SUBTITLE = name
Argument
Description
name
The subtitle for the subcase.

No default
Comments
1.
198
The subtitle is written to the output files.

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SVELOCITY
SVELOCITY - Output Request
Description
The SVELOCITY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request the form and type of modal participation velocities output for all subcases or individual
Format
SVELOCITY (sorting,format_list,form,peakoutput) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>

(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file)
output for normal modes, frequency response, and
Default = blank
format
SORT1:

SORT2:

grouped together (see comment
7).
blank:
SORT1 is used for all results

except for transient analysis,
where SORT2 is used.
<H3D, PUNCH, OP2,

PLOT, blank>
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
Default = blank
PUNCH:

OP2:

comment 9).
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199
Argument
form
Options
Description
PLOT:

bulk data section.
blank:

available.
REAL, IMAG:

output.
PHASE:

PEAKOUT:

for this output.
<YES, ALL,
NO, NONE>
YES, ALL, blank:
Results are output.
Default = YES
NO, NONE:
<REAL, IMAG,
PHASE>
Default = REAL
peakoutput
<PEAKOUT>
Default = blank
option
Comments
1.
When the SVELOCITY command is not present, modal participation velocities are not
output.
2.
The SVELOCITY command is only valid for modal frequency response and modal transient
solution sequences.
3.
The OFREQUENCY and OTIME I/O Options may be used to control the amount of output.
4.
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Altair Engineering
5.
dominates.
6.
7.
8.
The abbreviation SVELO is interchangeable with SVELOCITY.
9.
format (.op2 file).
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201
SYSSETTING
I/O Options Entry
SYSSETTING Run Control
Description
The SYSSETTING command can be used in the I/O Options section to alter system settings.
Any setting defined here may be over-ridden by command line arguments (see Run Options for
OptiStruct). Most of these options can also be specified in one of the config files (see
OptiStruct Configuration File).
Format
SYSSETTING(setting=option_list,setting=option_list,)
Examples
SYSSETTING(RAMDISK=100)
SYSSETTING(SCRFMODE=buffered,stripe)
SYSSETTING(SPSYNTAX=mixed,RAMDISK=100,SCRFMODE=buffered,stripe,OS_RAM=1234)
Setting
Options
Description
BARPROP
<STRICT, MIXED>
STRICT: The CBAR and CBEAM beam element

connections cannot reference the PBEAM beam
property entries, respectively.
Default = STRICT
MIXED: The CBAR and CBEAM beam element

connections can reference the PBEAM and PBAR
beam property entries, respectively.
BUFFSIZE
BUFFSIZE = 16832
The maximum size in 8 byte words of the records of

data written to the .op2 file. Use -1 to turn off
buffering.
CARDLENGTH
<Integer>
Defines the number of characters read on a single

line in the I/O Options and Subcase Information
sections. This can vary between 80 and 132
characters.
Default = 80
In the Bulk Data section, CARDLENGTH applies to

free and long free format lines only (fixed and long
format lines are always limited to 72 characters).
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Setting
Options
Description
DUPTOL
Integer <0-5>
Controls accuracy used during elimination of

potential duplicate cards. Two cards with identical
ID's are replaced by the first one, if all integer
values on both cards match exactly, and all float
values match with accuracy controlled by this
setting, otherwise identical IDs are flagged as
ERROR. Currently only GRID, CORDxx, and base
MAT/PROP entry duplicates are allowed (MATX,
MATT, and PROPX entries do not allow duplicates).
Default = 0
0: no tolerance, the values defined must be an

exact match.
1: for standard fixed 8-character without
exponent, the value must match up to 6 decimal
places.
places.
places.
places.
exponent, the value must match up to just 2
decimal places.
If values are too large or too small to represent
without exponent, then both values must match
exactly when converted to 8-character form. Also,
for negative values, the accuracy is one digit
lower.
H3DVTAG
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
Appends the version of the H3D format used, onto

the .h3d file output by OptiStruct.
So the results file would then be
{filename}.h3d11 or {filename}.h3d12.
Note: It is not possible to select the H3D format
used for output; this is built into the
executable.
MAXLEN
<Integer>
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Used to define the maximum allowable amount of

203
Setting
Options
Description
memory to be used in MB. There is no default.
MAXLEN is not supported when the MUMPS solver
is used (including ddm parallel runs).
MINLEN
<Integer>
NPROC
<Integer>
(legacy
command: CPU) Default = 1
OS_RAM
<RAM in Mbytes>
Default = 1Gbyte
PLOTELID
Used to define the initial memory allocation in MB.

The default is 10% of OS_RAM. This is the same
as the legacy command, OS_RAM_INIT.
Same as nproc and -cpu options (see Run
Options for OptiStruct). Sets number of
processors in a multiprocessor (SMP) run.
Memory limit in Mb. The solver will attempt to run
at least the minimum core solution regardless of
the memory limit. See Memory Limititations in the
Users Guide for details.
<UNIQUE, ALLOWFIX>
Controls the numbering scheme of the PLOTEL ID.
Default = UNIQUE
UNIQUE requires all PLOTEL elements have unique

element IDs.
ALLOWFIX allows OptiStruct to automatically fix ID
collisions for PLOTEL. If PLOTEL elements have the
same IDs as some other elements, OptiStruct
renumbers the IDs of all PLOTEL by adding a large
offset value.
RAM_SAFETY
Same as -rsf option. (see Run Options for

OptiStruct).
<Real>
Default = 1.0
Specifies an area in RAM allocated to store

information which otherwise would be stored in
Default = See comment scratch files on the hard drive.
5
See comment 5 below for more details.
RAMDISK
<RAM in Mbytes>
SAVEFILE
SAVEFILE = OUT
SAVEFILE controls the behavior of the solver when

an output file with the same name already exists
when the program starts.
SAVEFILE = ALL will prevent overwriting output
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Setting
Options
Description
files by renaming an existing file by adding numeric
suffix, for example, jobname.h3d will be renamed
to jobname_nnn.h3d where nnn represents the
smallest number for file which does not exists yet.
This option tries to preserve files with all known
extensions, and it may use a large amount of disk
space if the same run is repeated multiple times.
SAVEFILE = OUT (default) will preserve only .out
and .stat files.
SAVEFILE = NONE will allow the solver to overwrite
any existing file.
SAVEFILE = ext, where ext is arbitrary file
extension (case insensitive, up to 9 characters).
SCRFMODE
Allows for the selection of different modes of

storing scratch files for a linear solver process
(especially for out-of-core and minimum-core
Primary options: BASIC, modes).
BUFFERED, UNBUFFER,
BASIC: FORTRAN mode, direct access file.
STRIPE
<primary_option,
secondary_option>
Secondary option:
MIXFCIO
BUFFERED: FORTRAN buffered.

UNBUFFER: C i/o mode (default).
Default =
1. For Linux: UNBUFFER
2. For Windows
(without AMSES):
BUFFERED, MIXFCIO
3. For Windows (using
AMSES): BASIC
SKIP10FIELD
<CHECK, WARN>
Default = CHECK
Altair Engineering
STRIPE: Stripe main solver files on multiple disks

(except ones marked as slow).
MIXFCIO (only valid when combined with
BUFFERED): Use C (native) I/O routines instead of
FORTRAN read/write for main solver files.
To detect disallowed use of potential expansion of
free format, error will be generated when 10 or
more data fields is found on a bulk data card in free
format. Use SKIP10FIELD=WARN to allow reading
such card (extra fields will be disregarded instead
of causing error).

205
Setting
Options
Description
SPSYNTAX
<STRICT, CHECK,
MIXED>
Controls how strict the checks are in the reader for

mixing GRIDs and SPOINTs.
Default = CHECK
STRICT: When both grid/component pairs (G#/C#)

and grid lists for a given component (as on the
alternate formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk data
entries) are defined, this option will require that
the component be 0 or blank when the grid
reference is a scalar point (SPOINT), and that the
component be > 1 when the grid reference is a
structural grid point (GRID).
CHECK: When grid/component pairs (G#/C#) are
defined, this option will require that the component
be 0 or blank when the grid reference is a scalar
point (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1
when the grid reference is a structural grid point
(GRID). But when grid lists for a given component
(as on alternate formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk
data entries) are defined, this option will allow the
grid reference to be scalar points (SPOINT) or
structural grid points (GRID) when the component
is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these as 0 for
scalar points and as 1 for structural grids.
MIXED: When grid/component pairs (G#/C#) and
grid lists for a given component (as on alternate
formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk data entries) are
defined, this option will allow the grid reference to
be scalar points (SPOINT) or structural grid points
(GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank;
interpreting all of these as 0 for scalar points and
as 1 for structural grids.
SYNTAX
<ALLOWINT, STRICT>
Controls how strict the syntax checker in the

reader is.
Default = ALLOWINT
ALLOWINT is the default setting for OptiStruct, and
converts integer values to real values whenever
real values are expected. In those instances,
where the form of the input (Integer or Real)
indicates the nature of the input (for example,
when reading vector entries (X,Y,Z) with alternate
form (GID, , )), a negative integer value in the first
field, or a non-blank value in the second or third
field indicates the (X,Y,Z) format and all fields are
206

Altair Engineering
Setting
Options
Description
read as real values.
STRICT follows more closely with other Nastran
codes, where integer values may only be entered in
integer value fields and real values must be entered
in real value fields. An error termination will occur
if an integer value is placed in a real value field
when this setting is chosen.
Note: This setting never changes results it can
only cause the rejection of files that do not
follow the restrictions.
TABSTOPS
UNDEFTEMP
TABSTOPS = 8
<STRICT, ZERO>
TABSTOPS allows you to change interpretation of

TAB character in the input. By default TAB stops
are spaced by 8 columns, which is standard on all
Unix/Linux terminals. Possible values are 4 (used
often on Windows) and 1 (replace each TAB with
exactly one space).
STRICT
OptiStruct will error out if there

are some grid points without a
specified temperature (that is, a
minimum of one, but not all, grid
points in the model has a specified
temperature). The error message
includes information about GRID ID,
Element ID, and Load Set number.
ZERO
OptiStruct will use a value of zero

for grids without a specified
temperature (that is, a minimum of
one, but not all, grid points in the
model has a specified
temperature). This allows users to
revert to the behavior of versions
prior to OptiStruct 13.0.
Default = STRICT
UPDATE
UPDATE option
(quiet, verbose,
strict, off, unique,
permissive)
Controls the behavior of

ASSIGN,UPDATE,<filename>.
quiet
Less output (default).
Defaults = quiet and

strict
verbose
More output including old and new

values.
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207
Setting
Options
Description
strict
Do not allow non-supported cards

in update deck (default).
off
Disable update.
unique
Each ID only once.
permissive
Allow all cards and repeat IDs.
Choose only one option from: quiet, verbose.

Choose only one option from: strict, off,
unique, permissive.
USERAM
<RAM in Mbytes>
Memory limit in Mb. The solver will use more than

the minimum memory required up to this limit, but
only if it improves the speed of the solution. See
Memory Limitations in the Users Guide for details.
Comments
1.
The number of fields in this card is not limited to 10, but it is limited by the current line
length (default 80).
2.
Continuation lines are not allowed, multiple SYSSETTING cards are allowed.
3.
The settings CPU and NPROC are interchangeable, and can also be specified on the
command line.
4.
Each option except SCRFMODE must have exactly one argument. SCRFMODE arguments
should be comma separated.
5.
For RAMDISK setting:

a) Use of a virtual disk instead of physical files may speed up solutions by reducing wait
time to access physical disk drives. Note that the use of RAMDISK will reduce the
amount of memory available for the solver and for file buffering performed by the
operating system (by Linux or Windows), and because of that it may not always
reduce the wall clock time for the solution. The most impact can be observed on
machines with very large physical memory (20GB or more) or when used to speed-up
main solver scratch file access using the SCRFMODE setting.
b) RAMDISK is automatically protected for overflow, so it is fine to specify 200MB for
RAMDISK when the total amount of scratch files will be larger than that.
c) RAMDISK is automatically specified for very small jobs, (less than 10,000 GRIDS). This
can be disabled by specifying RAMDISK=0. Automatic RAMDISK is not allocated for
fixed RAM jobs (the -fixlen command line option is used, see Run Options for
OptiStruct).
6.
208
For SPSYNTAX setting:

Altair Engineering
a) When the component from a grid/component pair or for a list of grids (as on alternate
formats ASET1 and USET1 bulk data entries) is greater than 1, the grid reference must
always be a structural grid (GRID).
b) This control may also be set in the OptiStruct Configuration File.
7.
For SCRFMODE setting:

a) This command controls the way scratch files from the linear equation solver are written
to the disk. These files are usually written and read several times, often in random
pattern, and this can have a significant impact on the total (wall clock) time for the
solution of large jobs. The default mode is optimal in most configurations, but choosing
between BASIC, BUFFERED or UNBUFFER may improve speed for some hardware and/or
some types of solution sequences, especially jobs including Lanczos eigenvalue solver.
b) In out-of-core and minimum-core solver modes, the solver creates one large scratch
file for each subcase and this file may be optionally located across multiple TMPDIRs.
In order to use this capability, SCRFMODE=STRIPE must be defined, otherwise the same
method as for other files (BASIC, BUFFERED or UNBUFFER) is used, and this large file
must therefore fit on a single TMPDIR.
c) STRIPE mode can be used when all TMPDIRs (not marked as SLOW) are fully
independent (that is, they should not be partitions on the same physical drive). This
mode results in the access to all disks similar to RAID0 - consecutive blocks of data
are split between separate TMPDIRs, and accessed in parallel, which can speed up disk
access considerably.
Warning: Using STRIPE with TMPDIRs allocated on the
same physical drive (even on different
partitions) will usually slow down the solution by
increasing wait times. Check with your system
administrator for information on the actual
hardware structure of your computer.
d) STRIPE requires multiple TMPDIR cards and has effect only for out-of-core or minimumcore solutions.
e) Most modern operating systems (Linux in particular) use excess available RAM for the
buffering of disk i/o. The SCRFMODE command will have effect only for jobs which
exceed the capabilities of this buffer.
f) When AMSES is used on Windows, BASIC mode is enforced during AMSES calculations.
g) The scrfmode option can be specified on the command line (see Run Options for
OptiStruct) this overrides any information specified in the input file.
8.
The SAVEFILE option tries to preserve only files in the start directory, that is, this option
has no effect when the input file is specified with a path, or the OUTFILE option defines a
different location for all output files. Unless SAVEFILE,NONE is specified, standard .out
and .stat files are always renumbered, even if they are created in different folder. All
files are renumbered at program start .out file is preserved first, and then the same
NNN is used for all files found in the current folder. Only files with default names are
preserved (that is those starting with the same root as outfile). Note that this option
may sometimes cause the solver to fail if it renames the file which is intended for the
input.
9.
Multiple SAVEFILE cards overwrite each other (the last one is in effect). Multiple
SAVEFILE,ext cards can be used (up to 5 extensions can be defined), but using of any of
the standard options (NONE/ALL/OUT) empties the list of previously defined extensions.
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209
TCURVE
I/O Options Entry
TCURVE Output Request
Description
The TCURVE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the plot title for
XYPLOT output from a random response analysis.
Format
TCURVE = title
Argument
Description
title
Character string.
Default = A default title is provided.
Comments
1.
TCURVE may not be continued onto the next line.
2.
A TCURVE definition applies to all plots defined after TCURVE until another definition of
TCURVE occurs.
Example:
XTITLE = X-A
YTITLE = Y-A
XYPLOT (first plot definition)
YTITLE = Y-B
TCURVE = C-A
XYPLOT (second plot definition)
would assign X-A, Y-A and the default plot title to the first plot, then X-A, Y-B and C-A
to the second plot.
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THERMAL
THERMAL Output Request
Description
The THERMAL command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request temperature output for all heat transfer analysis subcases or individual heat transfer
analysis subcases respectively.
Format
THERMAL (format_list) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<PUNCH,
OP2, PLOT,
H3D, blank>
PUNCH:

format (.pch file).
Default =
blank
OP2:

PLOT:

bulk data section.
H3D:

file).
blank:

<YES, ALL,
NO, NONE,
SID>
YES, ALL,
blank:
Thermal results are output at all grid points

for which temperature results are available.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Thermal results are not output
SID:
If a set ID is specified, Thermal results are

output only for grid points referenced by that
set.
option
Comments
1.
When the THERMAL command is not present, thermal results are not output.
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211
2.
Thermal output is only available for the heat transfer analysis solution sequence.
3.
The PUNCH output produces TEMP bulk data entries, and the SID on the entries will be the
subcase number (=1 if no SUBCASES are specified).
4.
the results available and their respective formats.
5.
Temperature output via the THERMAL output request is available for both linear steady
state heat transfer and linear transient heat transfer analyses.
6.
dominates.
7.
format (.op2 file).
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THICKNESS
THICKNESS - Output Request
Description
The THICKNESS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request thickness output
for elements referencing a PSHELL or PCOMP property in:
Size/Free-size optimization
Analysis runs
Topology optimization
Format
THICKNESS (format_list, comp) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<HM, H3D, blank>
HM:

H3D:

format (.h3d file).
blank:

available. (See comments 1 and
2)
<ALL, DESIGN,
NOPLY>
ALL:
Thickness results are output for

all plies.
Default = DESIGN
DESIGN, blank:
Thickness results are output for

designable plies only.
NOPLY:
No ply thickness results are

output.
Default = blank
comp
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213
Argument
Options
Description
option
<YES, ALL, NO, NONE>
YES, ALL, blank:
Thickness results are output
NO, NONE:
Thickness results are not output.
Default = YES
Comments
1.
When the THICKNESS command is not present, thickness results are output. THICKNESS
results for analysis runs, however, are not output by default and will be output only if
the THICKNESS data entry is present in the solver deck.
2.
Thickness results are available for analysis runs, size/free-size optimization, and topology
optimization only.
3.
When thickness results are output to the .h3d file, percentage thickness change is also
output.
4.
Outputting the density results in all simulations allows analysis results to be plotted on
the density iso-surface in HyperView.
5.
6.
7.
dominates.
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THIN
THIN - Output Request for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Subcase
Description
The THIN command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request thinning and thickness output for all geometric nonlinear analysis subcases or
individual geometric nonlinear analysis subcases respectively.
Format
THIN (format, type) = option
Argument Options
Description
format
H3D:

format (.h3d file).
blank:

available.
ALL:
Thinning and thickness results

are output.
THIN:
Percentage element thinning only

is output.
THICK:
Element thickness only is output.
<YES, ALL, NO, NONE,

SID, PSID>
YES, ALL, blank:
Thinning/thickness are output for

all elements.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Thinning/thickness are not

output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, thinning/

thickness are output only for
elements listed in that set.
<H3D, blank>
Default = blank
type
<ALL, THIN, THICK>

Default = ALL
option
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215
Argument Options
Description
PSID:
If a property set ID is given,

thinning/thickness results for the
elements referencing properties
listed in the property set are
output.
Comments
1.
THIN is only applicable for geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcase entry.
2.
use on this card.
3.
4.
dominates.
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TITLE
I/O Options Entry
TITLE - File Header
Description
The TITLE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the title for the
OptiStruct job.
Format
TITLE = name
Argument
Description
name
The title for the job.

No default
Comments
1.
The title is printed into the output and results files.
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217
TMPDIR
I/O Options Entry
TMPDIR - Directory Selection
Description
The TMPDIR command is used in the I/O Options section to choose the directory in which the
scratch files are to be written.
Format
TMPDIR = <options> path
Argument
Options
Description
options
-FILESIZE=n
Maximum allowable file size in GB.
SLOW=1
Non-zero value denotes a network drive.
path
<directory path> The path to the directory where scratch files are to be
written.
Default = ./
Examples
Windows Operating System
Local Drive
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 D:\Dir1\Dir2\...\DirN\Scratch
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 D:\Dir1\Dir2\...\DirN\Scratch Files
Network Drive
1.
Map the network drive (drive on a remote machine) to a drive (Y:\) on your computer.
2.
Use the path to your preferred scratch directory on the mapped network drive as the
path argument for TMPDIR.
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 SLOW=1 Y:\Scratch
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 SLOW=1 Y:\Scratch Files
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Linux Operating System

Local Drive
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 /Dir1/Dir2/.../DirN/Scratch
TMPDIR = -FILESIZE=13 D:/Dir1/Dir2/.../DirN/Scratch Files
Comments
1.
2.
Multiple TMPDIR cards are allowed (up to five entries). Scratch files will be allocated in all
directories depending on the options defined (see comments 3 through 8).
3.
Before opening any scratch file during the solution process, the solver checks the
available free space on all TMPDIRs and allocates that file on the directory which has most
free space. This algorithm tends to spread disk usage between different directories, but
does not guarantee full usage of each TMPDIR area.
4.
The main scratch file used during a linear solver process (that is solution of linear system
or eigen problem) can be split between multiple TMPDIRs (see SCRFMODE).
5.
When TMPDIR is marked as SLOW, it is used only after other TMPDIRs are filled up.
Selecting directories for TMPDIR on disk drives shared across the network (that is on
different computers or on centralized file servers) is not recommended, and should be
avoided if possible. Some scratch files (especially for out-of-core and minimum-core
mode) are heavily used, and accessing them across the network will dramatically increase
wall clock time for the solution. The main purpose of the TMPDIR command is to avoid
this delay when work areas (home directories) are allocated on a central server, as is
customary at many large organizations. All scratch files are stored in the specified
directories. The scratch files are automatically removed at the end of the analysis unless
there is a system error or core dump (in which case, the scratch file may need to be
cleaned up manually).
6.
See the SCRFMODE setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option for an additional way to use
multiple TMPDIR cards for large jobs.
7.
The tmpdir option can be specified on the command line (see Run Options for
OptiStruct); this overrides any information specified in the input file.
8.
The filesize option is needed in rare cases when there is a file size limit imposed by
operating system. This limit is large enough for all practical problems in most cases. The
following cases are known to have a file size limit of 2GB:
FAT32 file system (Windows, sometimes Linux)
ext2 file system (older Linux distributions)
NFS version 2
It is recommended to upgrade hardware and/or operating system in these cases.
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219
220

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TTERM
TTERM - Termination Time for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis Subcase
Description
The TTERM command can be used in a geometric nonlinear subcase to define the termination
time.
Format
TTERM = value
Argument
Description
value
Termination time for a geometric nonlinear subcase.

Default = 1.0 (Real)
Comments
1.
TTERM is only allowed in geometric nonlinear subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS
= NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN subcase entry.
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221
UNITS
I/O Options Entry
UNITS - Unit System for the Model
Description
The UNITS command can be used in the I/O Options section to define a system of units for
the model.
Format
UNITS = system
Argument
Options
Description
system
<SI, CGS, MPA,

BG>
SI:
International system of units.

Length: meter = m
Mass: kilogram = kg
No default
Time: second = s
Temperature: Kelvin = K
Pressure - Pa
CGS:
Centimeter-gram-second system of units.

Length: centimeter = cm
Mass: gram = g
Time: second = s
Pressure = barye = 0.1 Pa
MPA:
Mega
Length: millimeter = mm
Mass: tonne = tonne
Time: second = s
Pressure - MPa
BG:
British Gravitational system of units.

Length: feet = ft
Mass: slug = slug
Time: second = s
Temperature: Rankine = R
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Argument
Options
Description
Pressure = Ibf/ft 2
Comments
1.
Only one instance of this card is supported. If multiple instances are defined, the last
occurrence will be used.
2.
This UNITS data entry is the same as the DTI,UNITS entry.
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223
VELOCITY
VELOCITY - Output Request
Description
The VELOCITY command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request velocity vector output for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
VELOCITY(sorting,format,form,rotations,random,peakoutput) = option
Argument
Options
Description
sorting
<SORT1, SORT2>

(.pch file) or the OUTPUT2 format (.op2 file)
output for normal modes, frequency response, and
Default = blank
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OP2, HG,
PLOT, blank>
SORT1:

SORT2:

8).
blank:

if no grid SET is specified, SORT1 is
used, otherwise, SORT2 is used;
for transient analysis, SORT2 is
used.
HM:

H3D:

format (.h3d file).
OPTI:

results format (.disp file).
Default = blank
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Argument
Options
Description
PUNCH:

OP2:

comment 11).
HG:

presentation format (_freq.mvw
file and _tran.mvw file) see
OUTPUT keywords HGFREQ and
HGTRANS.
PLOT:

bulk data section.
the bulk data section, this
format allows the form for
complex results to be defined for
XYPUNCH output without having
other output.
form
<COMPLEX, REAL,
IMAG, PHASE,
BOTH>
Default (HM only)
= COMPLEX
blank:

available.
COMPLEX (HM
only), blank:
Provides a combined magnitude/

format.
REAL or IMAG:

output (See comment 9).
PHASE:

Phase output is in degrees (See
comment 9).
Default (all other

formats) = REAL
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225
Argument
rotations
Options
Description
<ROTA, NOROTA>
BOTH (HM only):
Provides both polar and

rectangular formats of complex
output.
ROTA:
Requests output of rotational

velocity results (in addition to
rotational velocity results).
NOROTA:
Rotational velocity results are

not output.
PSDF:

from random response analysis
to be output.
Default = NOROTA
random
<PSDF, RMS>
No default
Only valid for the H3D format.

The "RMS over Frequencies"
output is at the end of the
Random results.
RMS:

peakoutput
PEAKOUT:

for this output.
<YES, ALL, NO,

NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank:
Velocity is output for all nodes.
Default = YES
NO, NONE:
Velocity is not output.
<PEAKOUT>
Default = blank
option
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Argument
Options
Description
SID:
If a set ID is given, velocity is

output only for nodes listed in
that set.
Comments
1.
When the VELOCITY command is not present, velocity vector is not output.
2.
Velocity output is available for frequency response and transient analysis solution
sequences.
3.
4.
5.
6.
dominates.
7.
8.
9.
Results in binary format (.h3d or .op2) are always output in PHASE/MAG form, regardless
10. The four-letter abbreviation VELO is interchangeable with VELOCITY.

format (.op2 file).
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227
XTITLE
I/O Options Entry
XTITLE Output Request
Description
The XTITLE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the x-axis label for
XYPUNCH or XYPLOT output from a random response analysis.
Format
XTITLE = title
Argument
Description
title
Character string.
Default = blank
Comments
1.
XTITLE may not be continued onto the next line.
2.
An XTITLE definition applies to all plots defined after XTITLE until another definition of
XTITLE occurs.
Example:
XTITLE = X-A
YTITLE = Y-A
XYPLOT (first plot definition)
YTITLE = Y-B
TCURVE = C-A
XYPLOT (second plot definition)
would assign X-A, Y-A and the default plot title to the first plot, then X-A, Y-B, and C-A
to the second plot.
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XYPEAK / XYPLOT / XYPUNCH

I/O Options Entry
XYPEAK - Output Request
XYPLOT - Output Request
XYPUNCH - Output Request
Description
The XYPEAK, XYPLOT, and XYPUNCH commands can be used in the I/O Options section to
request output from a random response analysis. The XYPUNCH command can also be used
with the RESPONSE plot-type to request .pch file output from a frequency response analysis.
Format
operation, curve-type, plot-type / entity ID(item code) list
Argument
Options
Description
operation
<XYPEAK,
XYPLOT,
XYPUNCH>
XYPEAK:
Generates a .peak file containing a summary of the

requested output for random response analysis.
XYPLOT:
Generates a HyperGraph session file and related

data files for the requested output for random
response analysis.
No default
XYPUNCH: Generates a .pch file for the requested output for

random response analysis.
With the plot-type RESPONSE, this command can
also be used to generate .pch file output for
frequency response analysis.
curve-type
<DISP, VELO, DISP:
Requests output for displacement.
ACCE, FORCE,
VELO:
STRESS,
STRAIN>
ACCE:
No default
Requests output for velocity.
FORCE:
Requests output for acceleration.

Requests output for force.
For plot-type RESPONSE:
CBUSH and CELAS elements only.
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229
Argument
Options
Description
For plot-type PSDF:
CBUSH, CVISC, CDAMP, and CELAS elements only.
STRESS:
Requests output for element stress.

For plot-types PSDF and AUTO.
STRAIN:
Requests output for element strain.

For plot-types PSDF and AUTO.
plot-type
<PSDF, AUTO, PSDF:

RESPONSE>
No default
AUTO:
Requests power spectral density function for

random response analysis. (see comment 5)
Requests autocorrelation for random response

analysis.
RESPONSE: Requests time or frequency in SORT2 format or

grid identification numbers in SORT1 format.
RESPONSE is only supported for the XYPUNCH
operation for frequency response analysis.
entity ID (item List of grid or GRID:

code) list
element,
component
pairs.
The list must
come after a
slash "/".
Each entry in
the list is
comma
separated.
No default
Each entry consists of a GRID or SPOINT ID

followed by a component of motion (T1, T2, T3,
R1, R2, or R3) in parentheses. In the components
of motion, T signifies translation and R signifies
rotation while the numbers indicate the
translational direction or rotational axis.
For frequency response analyses, the
components of motion are T1RM, T2RM, T3RM,
T1IP, T2IP, T3IP, R1RM, R2RM, R3RM, R1IP, R2IP,
and R3IP, where RM signifies Real or Magnitude
and IP signifies Imaginary or Phase. The type of
the response depends on a preceding output
request.
For SPOINTs, the component must be T1, T1RM,
or T1IP.
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Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
ELEMENT:
For elements, the item code (number code only)

represents a component of the element stress/
strain, which is described in DRESP1 Frequency
Response Stress/Strain Item Codes and DRESP1
_Frequency Response Force Item Codes
Examples
XYPLOT, XYPEAK, VELO, PSDF / 3(T2), 6(T2)
XYPEAK, DISP, AUTO / 223(T3)
XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH, ACCE, PSDF / 8(T1), 9(T1), 8(T2), 9(T2)
Comments
1.
Unlike other output requests, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, and XYPUNCH may be combined on a single
line (as shown in the example above).
2.
If the XYPEAK, XYPLOT, or XYPUNCH commands are not supplied, then no random response
results will be output.
3.
If the XYPEAK, XYPLOT, or XYPUNCH commands are supplied, but with an incomplete
definition, an error termination will occur.
4.
For complex results, the format of XYPUNCH output (Real/Imaginary or Phase/Magnitude) is

determined by the relevant result output request (ACCELERATION, DISPLACEMENT,
STRESS, STRAIN, FORCE or VELOCITY). Real/Imaginary is the default if not otherwise
indicated.
5.
Multiple RANDOM subcase information entries with non-unique IDs are allowed in a single
model. Therefore, if the plot-type field is set to PSDF, then the RANDOM ID will be added
to the XYPUNCH headers in the corresponding result sections of the .pch file when
multiple RANDOM entries are present in the same deck. If only one RANDOM entry is
present, the RANDOM ID is not printed.
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231
YTITLE
I/O Options Entry
YTITLE Output Request
Description
The YTITLE command can be used in the I/O Options section to define the y-axis label for
XYPUNCH or XYPLOT output from a random response analysis.
Format
YTITLE = title
Argument
Description
title
Character string.
Default = blank
Comments
1.
YTITLE may not be continued onto the next line.
2.
A YTITLE definition applies to all plots defined after YTITLE until another definition of
YTITLE occurs.
Example:
XTITLE
YTITLE
XYPLOT
YTITLE
TCURVE
XYPLOT
= X-A
= Y-A
(first plot definition)
= Y-B
= C-A
(second plot definition)
would assign X-A, Y-A and the default plot title to the first plot, then X-A, Y-B, and C-A
to the second plot.
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Subcase Information Section
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233
A2GG
Subcase Information Entry
A2GG - Direct Input Fluid-Structure Coupling Matrix Selection
Description
The A2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
fluid-structure coupling matrix.
Format
A2GG = name
Argument
Description
name
Name of a fluid-structure coupling matrix that is input in the bulk data

section using the DMIG card.
Comments
1.
DMIG matrices will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information section.
2.
The matrix selected applies to all subcases.
3.
The selected fluid-structure coupling matrix is always added to the computed coupling
matrix.
4.
The referenced DMIG entry must be a square matrix (field 4 must be 1), where GJ
corresponds to fluid points, CJ = 0, Gi corresponds to structural points, Ci corresponds to
DOF, and Ai corresponds to the area values.
5.
Multiple instances of A2GG are not allowed, and will result in an error termination.
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ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS - Run Control and Solution Sequence Identifier
Description
The ANALYSIS command can be used in the I/O Options section to request that only a finite
element analysis be performed (optimization input is ignored). It may also be used in the I/O
Options or Subcase Information sections to identify the solution sequence for all subcases or
for individual subcases, respectively.
Format
ANALYSIS = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<ONLY, OPTSKIP,
STATICS, NLSTAT,
MODES, MCEIG,
BUCK, DFREQ,
MFREQ, DTRAN,
MTRAN, DFOUR,
MFOUR, HEAT,
NLHEAT, MBD,
NLGEOM, IMPDYN,
EXPDYN, FATIGUE>
The first two options ONLY and OPTSKIP refer to the run
control functionality of the ANALYSIS command:
Default = ONLY
The remaining options refer to the solution sequence

identification functionality of the ANALYSIS command:
Altair Engineering
ONLY:
Performs finite element analysis run only.

Optimization inputs are checked but
ignored.
OPTSKIP:
Performs finite element analysis run only.

Optimization inputs are ignored.
STATICS:
Linear static or nonlinear quasi-static gap

analysis.
NLSTAT:
Nonlinear quasi-static analysis.
HEAT:
Linear steady-state heat transfer analysis

or linear transient heat transfer analysis.
NLHEAT:
Nonlinear steady-state heat transfer

analysis.
MODES:
Normal modes analysis.
MCEIG:
Modal complex eigenvalue analysis.

235
Argument
Options
Description
BUCK:
Linear buckling analysis.
DFREQ:
Direct frequency response analysis.
MFREQ:
Modal frequency response analysis.
DTRAN:
Direct transient response analysis.
MTRAN:
Modal transient response analysis.
DFOUR:
Direct transient response analysis through

Fourier transformation.
MFOUR:
Model transient response analysis through

Fourier transformation.
MBD:
Multi-body dynamics analysis.
NLGEOM:
Geometric nonlinear implicit (quasi-)static

analysis.
IMPDYN:
Geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic

analysis.
EXPDYN:
Geometric nonlinear explicit dynamic

analysis.
FATIGUE:
Fatigue analysis.
Comments
1.
ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP are only applicable in the I/O Options section.
2.
ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP may be used in combination with one of the other

ANALYSIS options.
3.
When ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP are used, all elements (including design

elements) are treated as non-design elements.
4.
When ANALYSIS=ONLY or ANALYSIS=OPTSKIP are used, all properties and grids referenced
by size and shape variables will be set at the values on the associated property and GRID
data.
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B2GG
B2GG Direct Input Viscous Damping Matrix Selection
Description
The B2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
viscous damping matrix.
Format
B2GG = name
Argument
Description
name
Name of a damping matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1.
DMIG matrices will not be used unless selected.
2.
This matrix is handled like the damper elements CDAMPi and CVISC.
3.
Terms are added to the viscous damping matrix before any constraints are applied.
4.
The matrix must be symmetric, that is field 4 on the referenced DMIG entry must contain
the integer 6.
5.
When multiple instances of this card occur, the referenced DMIG entries are combined.
This behavior differs from that of Nastran, which only recognizes the last instance of this
card in the same situation.
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237
CMETHOD
CMETHOD Data Selection
Description
The CMETHOD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the method
for complex eigenvalue extraction.
Format
CMETHOD = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of an EIGC bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
Only one CMETHOD entry can be defined in a subcase.
2.
A CMETHOD entry is required for complex eigenvalue analysis.
3.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all complex eigenvalue subcases.
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CMSMETH
CMSMETH Run Control
Description
The CMSMETH command can be used in the Subcase Information section to request that only a
component mode synthesis solution be performed and to select a component mode synthesis
method definition to be used.
Format
CMSMETH = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
<CMSID>
CMSID: Identification of a CMSMETH bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
All subcases must have the same MPC reference; in which case it runs the component
mode synthesis (flexible-body preparation) solution sequence using the CMSMETH reference
and the common MPC reference.
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239
CNTNLSUB
CNTNLSUB Continue nonlinear solution sequence from a preceding nonlinear subcase
Description
The CNTNLSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section to continue a
nonlinear solution from a preceding nonlinear subcase, and thus create complex loading
sequences.
Format
CNTNLSUB = option
Argumen Option
t
Description
option
Yes:
<Yes, No,
SID>
Default = Yes
240
This nonlinear subcase continues the nonlinear

solution from the nonlinear subcase immediately
preceding.
"Preceding" refers to the sequence of subcases
in the deck, not the subcase numbering. If
CNTNLSUB,YES is used within a subcase, then
the preceding subcase must be nonlinear
subcase of the same type. If CNTNLSUB,YES is
used above the first subcase, then all the
consecutive nonlinear subcases of the same
type will continue each other (however, other
types of subcases interspersed between
nonlinear ones will break the continuation
sequence).
No:
This nonlinear subcase executes a new solution

sequence starting from the initial, stress-free
state of the model. See comment 1.
SID: Subcase
ID
This nonlinear subcase continues nonlinear

solution from SUBCASE SID. SUBCASE SID must
precede the current subcase in the deck and
must be a nonlinear subcase of the same type.
See comment 1.

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
This command applies only to nonlinear subcases.

Nonlinear subcases may only be continued from other nonlinear subcases of the same
analysis type. that is, geometric linear subcases (ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) may only be
continued from other geometric linear subcases, and geometric nonlinear subcases
(ANALYSIS=NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN) may only be continued from other geometric
nonlinear subcases.
2.
Only one CNTNLSUB entry can be defined for each subcase.
3.
If CNTNLSUB = option is present above the first subcase, it is applied to all nonlinear
subcases. (CNTNLSUB = SID is only allowed within a subcase).
4.
CNTNLSUB is mostly relevant in path-dependent problems, such as plasticity or gap/

contact analysis with friction/stick. In these problems, subcase continuation can be used
to create complex loading paths that will typically produce very different results than
simple proportional loading of a single subcase. CNTNLSUB also affects the convergence
history and, to some extent, the results in problems that typically are not pathdependent, such as gap/contact analysis without friction.
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241
DEFORM
DEFORM Data Selection
Description
The DEFORM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select an element
deformation set.
Format
DEFORM = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a DEFORM bulk data entry.
Comments
1.
Only one DEFORM entry can be defined for each subcase.
2.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all linear static, linear buckling, and
nonlinear quasi-static (Gap/Contact) subcases.
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DESOBJ
DESOBJ Objective Selection
Description
The DESOBJ command is used in the Subcase Information section to select a single response
definition as the objective function of an optimization, or to select system response definitions
when the objective function is the least squares sum of these definitions. The DESOBJ
command also indicates if this response is to be minimized or maximized.
Format
DESOBJ (type) = integer, PROB
Argument
Options
Description
type
<MIN, MAX,
MINP, MAXP>
MIN:
The objective is to minimize the

response.
Default = MIN
MAX:
The objective is to maximize the

response.
MINP:
The objective is to minimize the percentile

value of the response (see comment 8).
MAXP:
The objective is to maximize the

percentile value of the response (see
comment 8).
ID:
Identification number of a DRESP1,

DRESP2, DRESP3, or DSYSID bulk data
entry.
integer
< ID >
No default
PROB
<Probability> Probability
<50.0 < Real <
100.00>
Altair Engineering
Probability related to the reliability

requirement (see comment 8).

243
Comments
1.
Only one DESOBJ card can be present.
2.
For global DRESP1 responses (responses which are not subcase dependent) or DRESP2 or
DRESP3 responses containing either DRESP1L/DRESP2L data or global DRESP1 responses,
the DESOBJ data must be above the first SUBCASE statement.
3.
If the DESOBJ data references responses that are subcase specific, then the DESOBJ
statement must be within the appropriate subcase definition and the subcase must be of
the appropriate type.
4.
If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a DESOBJ subcase entry, a least squares objective
function is used in the optimization. The objective function is the sum of the squared,
weighted, normalized differences between the target responses and those calculated by
the finite element analysis.
5.
DSYSID entries must have unique identification numbers with respect to DRESP1, DRESP2,
and DRESP3 entries.
6.
DRESP1, DRESP2, and DRESP3 entries referenced by the DSYSID entry can define only a
single response per subcase when the DESOBJ formulation is used.
7.
Time dependent responses should not be referenced by the DESOBJ entry. The minmax
formulation should be used for optimization problems that have time-dependent responses
as the objective functions. The minmax formulation can be selected using the MINMAX or
MAXMIN subcase information entry.
8.
The MAXP, MINP, and PROB options can be input during a Reliability-based Design
Optimization run. MINP and MAXP are not supported if random design variables or random
parameters are not defined in the model.
9.
This entry is represented as an optimization objective in HyperMesh.
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DESSUB
DESSUB Constraint Selection
Description
The DESSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section, within a subcase
definition, to select a constraint set that is subcase dependent.
Format
DESSUB = integer
Argument
Options
Description
integer
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a DCONSTR or DCONADD

bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
The constrained response referenced by the DESSUB constraint selection must be subcase
dependent.
2.
This entry is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.
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245
DESVAR
DESVAR Data Selection
Description
The DESVAR command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a set of
design variables for use in an optimization run.
Format
DESVAR = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<ALL, SID >
ALL:
All design variables in the input data, as defined

by DESVAR bulk data entries, are used in the
optimization.
SID:
The ID of a SET I/O Option definition. Only

those design variables, as defined by DESVAR
bulk data entries with IDs appearing in the
referenced SET entry are considered in the
optimization.
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
Only one DESVAR command may appear in the Subcase Information section and should
appear before the first SUBCASE statement.
2.
The DESVAR command is optional. If it is absent, all DESVAR bulk data entries will be
used.
3.
DESVAR bulk data entries that are not selected by this command are frozen at their initial
values (that is same as setting XINIT=XLB=XUB) and all referenced properties will still be
governed by the DESVAR settings.
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DLOAD
DLOAD - Data Selection
Description
The DLOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a dynamic load
to be applied in a transient or frequency response problem.
Format
DLOAD = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of a DLOAD, TLOAD1, TLOAD2,

RLOAD1, RLOAD2, ACSRCE, or CAALOAD bulk data
entry.
Comments
1.
RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 are for frequency response loadings.
2.
TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 are for transient response loadings.
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247
EIGVRETRIEVE
EIGVRETRIEVE - External Data Selection
Description
The EIGVRETRIEVE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to retrieve
eigenvalue and eigenvector results of a normal modes analysis from an external data file
(.eigv).
Format
EIGVRETRIEVE = integer1, integer2, integer3, ...
Argument
Options
Description
integer#
<integer>
Retrieves eigenvalues and eigenvectors from

external data files for use in a modal frequency
response analysis.
No default
The external eigenvalue data file names are of the

form:
<prefix>_#.eigv
where <prefix> is defined by the EIGVNAME I/O
Options entry and # is one of the integer
arguments defined here.
Comments
1.
Only one occurrence of EIGVRETRIEVE is permitted per subcase.
2.
When multiple integer arguments are provided, eigenvalues are retrieved from multiple
external data files and combined.
3.
If EIGVRETRIEVE is not present, eigenvalue and eigenvector results are not retrieved from
external data files and a normal modes analysis is performed for the modal frequency
response or modal transient response analysis subcase.
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EIGVSAVE
EIGVSAVE - Output Request
Description
The EIGVSAVE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to output eigenvalue
and eigenvector results of a normal modes analysis to an external data file (.eigv).
Format
EIGVSAVE = integer
Argument
Options
Description
integer
<integer>
Outputs eigenvalues and eigenvectors obtained

from a normal modes analysis to an external data
file.
No default
The external eigenvalue data file name is of the

form:
<prefix>_#.eigv
where, <prefix> is defined by the EIGVNAME I/O
Options entry and # is the integer argument
defined here.
Comments
1.
Only one occurrence of EIGVSAVE per subcase is permitted.
2.
If EIGVSAVE is not present, eigenvalue and eigenvector results do not get exported to an
external data file.
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249
ESLTIME
ESLTIME Data Selection
Description
The ESLTIME command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select particular
time steps for geometric nonlinear response ESLM optimization or Multi-body Dynamics ESLM
optimization.
Format
ESLTIME = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification number of an ESLTADD or

ESLTIME bulk data entries (see Comments 1 and
2).
Comments
1.
Only one ESLTIME entry can be present for each subcase. It can only be used in
subcases that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, EXPDYN or MBD entry.
2.
If the SID referenced by the ESLTIME subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an ESLTADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is
selected. However, if an ESLTADD bulk data entry does not exists with the referenced
SID, then any ESLTIME bulk data entries that have this SID will be selected.
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EXCLUDE
EXCLUDE - Exclusion Set Selection
Description
The EXCLUDE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a set of
elements to be excluded from a linear buckling analysis.
Format
EXCLUDE = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<ESID>
ESID - set identification number of an element set.
No default
Comments
1.
The element set is defined using the SET bulk data entry.
2.
This subcase information entry is only valid when it appears in a buckling subcase.
3.
The excluded elements are only removed from the geometric stiffness matrix, resulting in
a buckling analysis with elastic boundary conditions. This means that the excluded
elements may still be showing movement in the buckling mode.
4.
Extreme caution is advised when using the EXCLUDE command. In general, excluding any
region from buckling analysis can, and usually will, result in a higher, overestimated critical
load calculation, which then may produce false overconfidence in a structures load
bearing capacity. The excluded region will have no effect on the calculated critical load
only if the excluded modes are geometrically separated from, or orthogonal to, the actual
critical buckling mode.
5.
A descriptive engineering explanation is as follows: buckling analysis by design seeks the

weakest, least stable configuration of the structure. Excluding any region from this
search can cause you to miss the actual critical buckling mode that involves the
respective region and has the least load bearing capacity.
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251
FATDEF
FATDEF Data Selection
Description
The FATDEF command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a FATDEF bulk
data entry that will define the elements, and their associated fatigue properties, to be
considered for fatigue analysis.
Format
FATDEF = option
Argument
Option
Description
Option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a FATDEF bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
FATDEF bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all fatigue analysis subcases.
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FATPARM
FATPARM Data Selection
Description
The FATPARM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a FATPARM
bulk data entry that will define the parameters to be used for a fatigue analysis.
Format
FATPARM = option
Argument
Option
Description
Option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a FATPARM bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
FATPARM bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all fatigue analysis subcases.
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253
FATSEQ
FATSEQ Data Selection
Description
The FATSEQ command can be used in the Subcase Information section to indicate that a
subcase is a fatigue analysis subcase and to select a FATSEQ bulk data entry that will define
the loading sequence for the fatigue analysis.
Format
FATSEQ = option
Argument
Option
Description
Option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a FATSEQ bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
254
This command may not appear above the first subcase.

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FREQUENCY
FREQUENCY - Data Selection
Description
The FREQUENCY command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the set of
forcing frequencies to be solved in a frequency response problem.
Format
FREQUENCY = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of FREQ, FREQ1, FREQ2, FREQ3,

FREQ4, and FREQ5 bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1.
A frequency set selection is required for transient response by the Fourier transform
method when TSTEP (FOURIER) is used. The Fourier transform will be performed at the
frequencies specified.
2.
All FREQi data with the same set identification number will be used.
3.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to each frequency response or transient
subcase without a FREQUENCY command.
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255
GLOBSUB
GLOBSUB - Global Model and Transfer Zone Selection
Description
The GLOBSUB entry can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a subcase that
references the global structure for local-global analysis. A set of grid points in the local
structure that defines the transfer zone can also be specified.
Format
GLOBSUB, SUBID, SID
Argument
Value
Description
SUBID
<integer > 0> Specifies the identification number of the subcase that
contains the global structure definition (via SUBMODEL).
SID
<integer > 0> Specifies the set of grid points in the local structure
that defines the transfer zone. The displacements from
the global structure are interpolated and applied to this
set of grid points.
Comments
1.
The transfer zone should contain only 3-dimensional elements in both the local and global
structures. Second order elements (for example, CHEXA20) are allowed. There is no
further restriction on element types elsewhere in the structure.
2.
The transfer zone may represent single or multiple cuts (sections) through the structure.
Multiple cuts should be separated from each other, that is, they should not exist closer
than the element size of the global model.
3.
The GLOBSUB entry should always reference the subcase ID of a global subcase that is
defined above its corresponding local subcase.
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GROUNDCHECK
GROUNDCHECK Rigid Body Motion Grounding Check
Description
The GROUNDCHECK command can be used in the Subcase Information section to perform a
grounding check analysis on the stiffness matrix to expose unintentional constraints by moving
the model rigidly.
Format
GROUNDCHECK(print,GRID=gid,THRESH=thresh) = option
Argument
Option
Description
print
< PRINT, NOPRINT >

Default = PRINT
PRINT:
Write output to the .out file.
NOPRINT:
Do not write output to the .out file.
grid
< GID >

Default = geometric
center of the
structure.
Grid Point ID: Reference grid point for the

calculation of the rigid body motion.
thresh
<e>
Default = largest term
in the stiffness matrix,
divided by 1.0E10.
Maximum strain energy which passes the check.
option
< YES, NO >

Default = YES
YES: Grounding check is performed.

NO:
Grounding check is not performed.
Comments
1.
GROUNDCHECK must be specified before the first SUBCASE.
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257
2.
Grounding check is performed on all degrees-of-freedom of the model and all degrees-offreedom that are not constrained by SPC. MPC equations are not used in the check.
3.
Any MPC that will be violated due to rigid body modes is reported. An equivalent energy
magnitude is also calculated between MPC violation and the strain energy. The
equivalent energy from MPC violation is added to the strain energy when performing the
grounding check.
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IC
IC Transient and Explicit Analysis Initial Condition Set Selection
Description
The IC command may be used in the Subcase Information section to select initial conditions
for transient and explicit analysis.
Format
IC = option
Example
IC = 10
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification number of TEMP, TEMPD, TIC,

TICA bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1.
TIC and TICA entries will not be used (therefore, no initial conditions) unless selected in
the Subcase Information section.
2.
Initial conditions cannot be used with modal transient analysis.
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259
INVEL
INVEL Multi-Body Initial Velocity Selection
Description
The INVEL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
initial velocity set to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
INVEL = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification if INVELB or INVELJ bulk data

entries.
No default
Comments
1.
Only one INVEL entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
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K2GG
K2GG - Direct Input Stiffness Matrix Selection
Description
The K2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
stiffness matrix.
Format
K2GG = name
Argument
Description
name
Name of a stiffness matrix that is input in the bulk data section using
the DMIG card or name list, with or without factors.
Example
K2GG=KAAX
K2GG=1.25*KAAX,1.5*KBBX
Comments
1.
2.
3.
the integer 6.
4.
5.
The entries in the name list are separated by comma or blank. With factors, each entry
consists of a factor followed by a star and a name. The factors are real numbers.
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261
K2PP
K2PP - Direct Input Stiffness Matrix Selection
Description
The K2PP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
stiffness matrix, which is not included in normal modes.
Format
K2PP = name
Argument
Description
name
Name of a stiffness matrix that is input in the bulk data section using
the DMIG card.
Comments
1.
2.
3.
K2PP matrices are used only in dynamic response problems. They are not used in normal
modes.
4.
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K42GG
K42GG - Direct Input Structural Element Damping Matrix Selection
Description
The K42GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
structural element damping matrix.
Format
K42GG = name
Argument
Description
name
Name of a damping matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1.
DMIG matrices will not be used unless selected.
2.
This matrix is handled like the contributions from the structural element damping
coefficients GE on MATi, PBUSH, and PELAS.
3.
Terms are added to the damping matrix before any constraints are applied.
4.
the integer 6.
5.
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263
LABEL
LABEL - Subcase Label
Description
The LABEL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to provide a subcase
with a label.
Format
LABEL = name
Argument
Description
name
Any string of ASCII characters can be used to label a subcase.
Comments
1.
264
This label is inserted into output files for post-processing purposes.

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LOAD
LOAD Data Selection
Description
The LOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a static load set
to be applied in linear static solutions.
Format
LOAD = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of a LOAD bulk data entry or,

if no LOAD bulk data entry exists with this SID,
the set identification of FORCE, FORCE1,
MOMENT, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2,
PLOAD4, GRAV, RFORCE, and SPCD, bulk data
entries.
Comments
1.
Only one LOAD entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
A METHOD entry cannot be present in the same subcase definition as a LOAD entry.
3.
If the SID referenced by the LOAD subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for a LOAD bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no LOAD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the static
load entries: FORCE, FORCE1, MOMENT, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4,
GRAV, RFORCE, and SPCD, which have this SID will be selected.
4.
In versions of OptiStruct prior to 8.0, thermal loads were selected in the Subcase
Information section using the LOAD data selector. In version 8.0, the TEMPERATURE data
selector was added to perform this function. It is possible to revert to the old behavior
mode by setting the LOADTEMP option to SHAREID in the OptiStruct Configuration File.
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265
M2GG
M2GG - Direct Input Mass Matrix Selection
Description
The M2GG command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a direct input
mass matrix.
Format
M2GG = name
Argument
Description
name
Name of a mass matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1.
2.
3.
the integer 6.
4.
By default, mass contribution of the external mass matrix (M2GG) is considered for the
generation of gravity and centrifugal loads.
5.
266

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MBSIM
MBSIM Multi-Body Simulation Selection
Description
The MBSIM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
simulation definition to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
MBSIM = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of MBSEQ, MBSIM, or MBLIN bulk

data entries.
No default
Comments
1.
Only one MBSIM entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
3.
MBSIM can be used to select only one bulk data entry. MBSEQ, MBSIM, and MBLIN must
have unique IDs.
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267
METHOD
METHOD - Data Selection
Description
The METHOD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a method for
real eigenvalue extraction.
Format
METHOD (type) = option
Argument
Options
Description
type
<STRUCTURE,
FLUID>
The referenced EIGRL or EIGRA bulk data entry is applied

to the structural (STRUCTURE) or fluid (FLUID) portion of
the model.
Default =
Structure
option
< SID >

No default
SID: Set identification of an EIGRL or EIGRA bulk data

entry.
Comments
1.
Only one METHOD entry of each type can be defined for each subcase.
If only one type of METHOD entry is defined (either METHOD(STRUCTURE) or
METHOD(FLUID)), this definition will be used for both the structure and the fluid portion of
the model.
2.
A METHOD entry cannot be present in the same subcase definition as a LOAD entry.
3.
A METHOD entry is required for normal modes, linear buckling, modal frequency response,
and modal transient response solution sequences.
4.
If present above the first subcase, it is used in all subsequent subcases which can accept
a METHOD entry. However, this does not apply to subcases which already contain their
own METHOD entry.
5.
AMSES can be used for the fluid (FLUID) part of the model. METHOD(FLUID) can reference
an EIGRA bulk data entry.
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MFLUID
MFLUID - Virtual Fluid Mass Selection
Description
The MFLUID command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the
parameters and damp elements and activate the calculation of virtual fluid mass.
Format
MFLUID = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification number of one or more MFLUID

bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1.
Only one MFLUID entry can be present.
2.
MFLUID may be requested for a normal modes, complex eigenvalue, frequency response,
or transient response analysis.
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269
MINMAX or MAXMIN
MINMAX / MAXMIN - Objective Selection
Description
The MINMAX or MAXMIN commands can be used in the Subcase Information section to select
normalized response or system identification definitions as the objective function for a
"Minmax" or "Maxmin" optimization.
Format
MINMAX = integer
MAXMIN = integer
Argument
Options
Description
integer
< DOID >
DOID:
Design objective identification number of a

DOBJREF or DSYSID bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
Multiple MINMAX entries are allowed and multiple MAXMIN entries are allowed, but a MAXMIN
entry cannot appear in the same input file as a MINMAX entry.
2.
The multiple MINMAX or MAXMIN entries define the same optimization problem.
3.
Refer to the Optimization Problem page of the User's Guide for more information on
"Minmax" optimization.
4.
If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a MINMAX or a MAXMIN subcase entry, the beta
method is applied in the optimization as follows:
5.
This entry is represented as an optimization objective in HyperMesh.
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MLOAD
MLOAD Multi-Body Load Selection
Description
The MLOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
load set to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
MLOAD = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of GRAV, MBFRC, MBFRCC,

MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC,
MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC,
MBSMNTE, and MLOAD bulk data entries.
Comments
1.
Only one MLOAD entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
3.
If the SID referenced by the MLOAD subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an MLOAD bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MLOAD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the multibody load entries: GRAV, MBFRC, MBFCC, MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC,
MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC, or MBSMNTE which have this SID will be
selected.
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271
MODESELECT
MODESELECT Mode Selection
Description
The MODESELECT command can be used in the I/O Options or the Subcase Information section
to select a subset of computed modes in modal dynamic analysis subcases.
Format
MODESELECT (type) = n
Mode selection based on arbitrary mode numbers.
Alternate Format 1
MODESELECT (type, LMODES = lm)
Mode selection based on lowest modes.
Alternate Format 2
MODESELECT (type, LMODENM = lom, HMODENM = him)
Mode selection based on a range of mode numbers.
Alternate Format 3
MODESELECT (type, LFREQ = lof, HFREQ = hif, UNCONSET = m)
Mode selection based on a range of frequencies.
Argument
Options
Description
type
STRUCTURE
If STRUCTURE is specified, the MODESELECT command

references modes associated with structural analysis only.
(Default)
FLUID
If FLUID is specified, the MODESELECT command references

modes associated with fluid analysis only.
n > 0
Set identification number n of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set n
will be included in the analysis. If no such set exists, then
mode n will be included in the analysis.
(Integer)
n < 0
(Integer)
272
Set identification number |n| of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set |
n| will be excluded from the analysis. If no such set exists,

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
then mode |n| will be excluded from the analysis.
LMODES
Specifies the number of lowest modes to be selected.
lm
(Integer > 0)
LMODENM
lom
(Integer > 0)
HMODENM
him
(Integer > lom
> 0)
LFREQ
Specifies the upper bound of the mode number range for

selecting modes (See comment 3).
Specifies the lower bound of the frequency range for

lof
(Real > 0.0)
HFREQ
Specifies the lower bound of the mode number range for

hif
(Real > lof >
0.0)
Specifies the upper bound of the frequency range for

UNCONSET
UNCONSET
This flag indicates that the following fields specify a single

mode or a set of modes for unconditional inclusion or
exclusion.
m > 0
Set identification number m of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set m
will be unconditionally included in the analysis. If no such set
exists, then mode m will be unconditionally included in the
analysis.
(Integer)
m < 0
(Integer)
Set identification number |m| of a set of mode numbers. The

modes corresponding to the mode numbers specified in set |
m| will be unconditionally excluded from the analysis. If no
such set exists, then mode |m| will be unconditionally
excluded from the analysis.
Comments
1.
The MODESELECT I/O Options entry is only supported in modal frequency response, modal
transient and complex eignenvalue analyses. It is not supported in Response Spectrum
Analysis.
2.
Multiple MODESELECT entries are allowed in a model. MODESELECT entries can be specified
above the first subcase or within each subcase.
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273
3.
If LMODENM is specified without HMODENM, a default value of 10000000 (ten million) is

assumed for HMODENM. If HMODENM is specified without LMODENM, a default value of 1 is
assumed for LMODENM.
Defaults
4.
LMODENM
HMODENM
specified
1.0E+7
specified
If LFREQ is specified without HFREQ, a default value of 1.0E+30 is assumed for HFREQ. If
HFREQ is specified without LFREQ, a default value of 0.0 is assumed for LFREQ.
Defaults
LFREQ
HFREQ
specified
1.0E+30
0.0
specified
5.
When the MODESELECT Case Control command is used in conjunction with the parameter
LFREQ, the MODESELECT Case Control takes precedence.
6.
If the use of MODESELECT results in all or none of the computed modes for use, you are
informed with a message.
7.
The faster method for modal frequency response analysis (activated by

PARAM,FASTFR,YES) cannot be used in conjunction with MODESELECT.
8.
Modes that are eliminated by MODESELECT will display:
274
a)
an S next to the mode number, if the mode is eliminated by MODESELECT in one

subcase and PARAM, LFREQ or PARAM, HFREQ in another subcase, or
b)
an M next to the mode number, if eliminated by MODESELECT in at least one

subcase.

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MODEWEIGHT
MODEWEIGHT - Optimization Parameter
Description
The MODEWEIGHT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to define a
multiplier for computed eigenvalues that are to be used in the calculation of the "weighted
reciprocal eigenvalue" and "combined compliance index" optimization responses.
Format
MODEWEIGHT (mode) = weight
Argument
Description
mode
Mode number.
No default (0 < Integer < highest calculated mode)
weight
The multiplier to be used for the corresponding mode in the calculation of

"weighted reciprocal eigenvalue" or "combined compliance index."
Comments
1.
OptiStruct will terminate with an error if no mode number is provided.
2.
Modes for which there is no MODEWEIGHT definition are not included in the calculation of
the "weighted reciprocal eigenvalue" and "combined compliance index" optimization
responses.
3.
Refer to the Responses page of the User's Guide for more information on "weighted
reciprocal eigenvalue" and "combined compliance index" optimization response
calculations.
4.
MODEWEIGHT is only used in conjunction with DRESP1, RTYPE = WFREQ, COMB.
5.
If there is no MODEWEIGHT defined, but a DRESP1 with RTYPE = WCOMP exists, the
following default is applied:
MODEWEIGHT (1) = 1.0 in most cases for topology optimization.
MODEWEIGHT (7) = 1.0 if no SPC is defined for the subcase, EIGRL does not define a V1
> 0.0, and it is solving for more than 6 modes or all modes below an upper bound.
6.
This entry is represented as an optimization response in HyperMesh.
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MODTRAK
MODTRAK Controls Mode Tracking
Description
The MODTRAK command can be used in the Subcase Information section to control mode
tracking.
Format
MODTRAK = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
<ON, OFF, blank>
ON or blank:
Mode tracking is active.
OFF:
Mode tracking is not active.
Default = OFF
Comments
1.
MODTRAK entry is only valid for normal modes subcases.
2.
If a MODTRAK entry is present in the input, then PARAM, MODETRAK is ignored.
3.
Positive integers are accepted as option, and are interpreted as ON.
4.
Negative integers or 0 are not accepted as option and will result in an error termination.
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MOTION
MOTION Multi-Body Motion Selection
Description
The MOTION command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-body
motion set to be applied in a multi-body problem.
Format
MOTION = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of MOTION, MOTNG, MOTNGC,

MOTNGE, MOTNJ, MOTNJC, and MOTNJE bulk data
entries.
Comments
1.
Only one MOTION entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
3.
If the SID referenced by the MOTION subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for a MOTION bulk data entry, the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MOTION bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, any of the multibody motion entries: MOTNG, MOTNGC, MOTNGE, MOTNJ, MOTHJC, or MOTIONJE which have
this SID will be selected.
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MPC
MPC - Data Selection
Description
The MPC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a multi-point
constraint set.
Format
MPC = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of a MPCADD bulk data entry or, if

no MPCADD bulk data entry exists with this SID, the
set identification of an MPC bulk data entry.
Comments
1.
Only one MPC entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
If the SID referenced by the MPC subcase information entry matches with the SID defined
for a MPCADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no MPCADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then any MPC bulk
data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.
3.
If present above the first subcase, it is the default for each subcase without an MPC
command, with the exception of linear buckling analysis subcases. Linear buckling
analysis subcases inherit the MPC information from the referenced static subcase.
4.
MPC may be set to 0 to override the default in subcases where no MPC is required.
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NLOAD
NLOAD - Data Selection
Description
The NLOAD command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a time
dependent load to be applied in geometric nonlinear analysis problem.
Format
NLOAD = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of an NLOAD or NLOAD1 bulk data

entry.
No default
Comments
1.
NLOAD can only be used in subcases that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry.
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NLPARM
NLPARM - Data Selection
Description
The NLPARM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to activate nonlinear
solution methods for this subcase and to select the parameters used for nonlinear quasi-static
analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit analysis.
Format
NLPARM = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID: Set identification of an NLPARM bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
NLPARM bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all linear static subcases. Nonlinear
quasi-static analysis subcases, by their definition, will already have an NLPARM reference
which is used.
3.
The NLPARM command is supported in quasi-static analysis, geometric nonlinear analysis,

and optimization subcases.
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NONLINEAR
NONLINEAR - Data Selection
Description
The NONLINEAR command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a
nonlinear dynamic load set for direct transient analyses.
Format
NONLINEAR = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of NOLIN1, NOLIN2, NOLIN3,

NOLIN4 or NLRGAP bulk data entries.
No default
Comments
1.
NONLINEAR is only allowed in direct transient analysis subcases.
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NORM
NORM - Optimization Parameter
Description
The NORM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to define a normalization
factor used in the computation of the "combined compliance index" optimization response.
Format
NORM = option
Argument
Description
option
Normalization factor.
Default = OptiStruct determines a weighting factor based on the lowest
eigenvalue and highest compliance of the initial iteration step. (Real)
Comments
1.
282
Refer to the Responses page of the User's Guide for more information on the "combined
compliance index" optimization response calculation.

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NSM
NSM Data Selection
Description
The NSM command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a non-structural
mass set for mass generation. The selector command must appear before the first SUBCASE
statement.
Format
NSM = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification number of a NSMADD bulk data

entry or, if no NSMADD bulk data entry exists with
this SID, the set identification of NSM, NSM1,
NSML and NSML1 bulk data entries.
Comments
1.
Only one NSM subcase information entry can be present in the model.
2.
This subcase information entry must appear before the first SUBCASE statement.
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P2G
P2G Direct Input Load Matrix Selection
Description
The P2G command is used before the first subcase to select a direct input load matrix.
Format
P2G = name
Examples
P2G = PAX
P2G = PAX + 2*PAY
Argument
Description
name
Name of a load matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
Comments
1.
Terms are added to the load matrix before any constraints are applied.
2.
The DMIG matrix must be rectangular (columnar), that is field 4 on the referenced DMIG
entry must contain the integer 9.
3.
A scale factor may be applied to this input using the CP2 parameter (See PARAM bulk data
entry).
4.
By default, gravity and centrifugal loads are not generated based on the external mass
matrix (M2GG). In this case, gravity and centrifugal loads should be included in generating
the reduced loads in the DMIG.
5.
6.
The P2G statement must be above the first SUBCASE.
7.
If the DMIG data referenced by the P2G statement has multiple load columns, then they
are applied in order in the linear and nonlinear static structural analysis subcases. If
there are more static subcases than columns, then only the subcases up to the number
of columns will get loads. If there are more columns than static subcases, then the
number of columns used with be the number of static subcases. For example, if the DMIG
has two columns and there are three static subcases, only the first two subcases will get
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loads. If the DMIG has two columns and there is just one static subcase, then only the
first column is used.
8.
For more control, to add a single DMIG load to one of multiple static subcases, use
P2GSUB.
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P2GSUB
P2GSUB Direct Input Load Matrix Selection
Description
The P2GSUB command is used in a specific subcase to select a direct input load matrix.
Format
P2GSUB = factor*name (column index)
Examples
P2GSUB = PAX
P2GSUB = PAY(2)
P2GSUB = 2.5*PAZ(3)
Argument
Description
factor
Optional scale factor

<Real>
Default = 1.0
name
Name of a load matrix that is input in the bulk data section using the
DMIG card.
column index Optional column index value

<Integer > 0>
Default = 1
Comments
1.
Terms are added to the load matrix before any constraints are applied.
2.
The DMIG matrix must be rectangular (columnar), that is field 4 on the referenced DMIG
entry must contain the integer 9.
3.
A scale factor may be applied to this input using the CP2 parameter (see PARAM bulk data
entry).
4.
By default, gravity and centrifugal loads are not generated based on the external mass
matrix (M2GG). In this case, gravity and centrifugal loads should be included in generating
the reduced loads in the DMIG.
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5.
Only one name may be specified on each P2GSUB entry. Multiple P2GSUB entries may be
used inside a single subcase section to combine multiple DMIG entries (or to combine
multiple columns from the same DMIG).
6.
The P2GSUB statement cannot be specified above the first SUBCASE.
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PEAKOUT
PEAKOUT Data Selection
Description
The PEAKOUT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the criteria
for automatic identification of loading frequencies at which result peaks occur. Other result
output may then be requested at these peak loading frequencies. This data selector is for
frequency response solution sequences only.
Format
PEAKOUT = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of a PEAKOUT bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
Only one PEAKOUT entry can be defined for each subcase.
2.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all subcases which can accept it but do
not contain a PEAKOUT card.
3.
Other result output may be obtained at the peak loading frequencies by using the PEAK
keyword in the option field. Currently, support is only available for PFMODE, PFPANEL,
and PFGRID.
4.
OFREQ is ignored when PEAKOUT is used.
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PRETENSION
PRETENSION Data Selection
Description
The PRETENSION command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select and
activate a pretensioning bolt load.
Format
PRETENSION = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< PSID >
Pretensioning load set identification of a PTADD bulk

data entry or, if no PTADD bulk data entry exists with
this PSID, the set identification of PTFORCE, PTFORC1,
PTADJST and PTADJS1 bulk data entry.
Comments
1.
Only one PRETENSION entry can be defined for each subcase.
2.
Combinations of PRETENSION and STATSUB(PRETENS) can be used to create more complex

pretensioning sequences.
3.
The rules for sequencing pretensioning subcases on the same pretension section are as
follows:
a) Pretensioning force (PTFORCE) can only be activated in the new or fresh
pretensioning subcase for a given section. In other words, a subcase with PRETENSION
pointing to PTFORCE cannot also include STATSUB(PRETENS) referencing a subcase that
had already pretensioned this section.
b) Pretensioning adjustment (PTADJST) may be activated in any of the pretensioning
subcases for a given section. The effect of adjustment is cumulative relative to the
pretensioning status reached in the respective previous subcase, as referenced by
STATSUB(PRETENS).
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RANDOM
RANDOM Random Analysis Set Selection
Description
Selects the RANDPS and RANDT1 bulk data entries to be used in random analysis.
Format
RANDOM = n
Example
RANDOM = 177
Argument
Option
Description
(Integer > 0)
Set identification of RANDPS and RANDT1 bulk data

entries to be used in random analysis.
Comments
1.
This command must select RANDPS bulk data entries in order to perform random analysis.
2.
Multiple RANDOM data can exist in the Subcase Information section.
3.
This data can be placed anywhere in the Subcase Information section. It is not SUBCASE
specific.
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REPGLB
REPGLB Selection of Response to be Reported without being Constrained.
Description
The REPGLB command can be used in the Subcase Information section, before the first
subcase statement, to select a report set that is not subcase dependent.
Format
REPGLB = integer
Argument
Options
Description
integer
< DRID >
DRID:
No default
Set identification of a DREPORT or DREPADD bulk

data entry.
Comments
1.
The response referenced by the REPGLB selection must not be subcase dependent.
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REPSUB
REPSUB Selection of Response to be Reported without being Constrained
Description
The REPSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section, within a subcase
definition, to select a report set that is subcase dependent.
Format
REPSUB = integer
Argument
Options
Description
integer
< DRID >
DRID:
No default
Set identification of a DREPORT or DREPADD bulk

data entry.
Comments
1.
292
The response referenced by the REPSUB selection must be subcase dependent.

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RESVEC
RESVEC Controls Residual Vector Calculation
Description
The RESVEC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to control the
calculation of residual vectors.
Format
RESVEC(type, damping) = option
Argument
Options
Description
type
<UNITLOD,
APPLOD>
UNITLOD:
Generates residual vectors based on unit

loads at the dynamic loading's degrees of
freedom. A unit load residual vector is
created for every loaded DOF from all
SUBCASEs. For normal modes and modal
complex eigenvalue analysis, a residual
vector is created for each USET and USET1
U6 DOF.
APPLOD:
Generates residual vectors based on the

dynamic loading of the modal frequency
response analysis at zero Hz.and transient
analysis at time = zero. For frequency
response analysis, one or two residual
vectors are generated for each SUBCASE
based on whether the real and imaginary
loads are different at zero Hz. A single
residual vector is created for each
transient SUBCASE. The values at each
loaded DOF correspond to the load on that
DOF at zero Hz. or time = zero. APPLOD is
not valid for normal modes analysis and
UNITLOD will always be used.
DAMPLOD:
Generates a viscous damping residual

vector for each viscous element based on
the eigenvector of the viscous element.
Default =
UNITLOD
damping
<DAMPLOD,
NODAMP>
Default =
DAMPLOD
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Argument
option
Options
Description
NODAMP:
Turns off the generation of the viscous

damping residual vectors.
<YES, NO>
YES:
Residual vectors are calculated.
See comments
for default.
NO:
Residual vectors are not calculated.
Comments
1.
RESVEC can be requested for normal modes, modal complex eigenvalue analysis, modal
frequency response, and modal transient response analysis subcases.
2.
If the RESVEC does not exist in a subcase (and is not defined above the first subcase),
then the default is YES for modal frequency response and transient response analysis
subcases, and the default is NO for all other applicable subcases. If a RESVEC card exists
without the YES/NO option, the default is YES.
3.
If EXCITEID=SPCD is defined on RLOAD1/RLOAD2 or TLOAD1/TLOAD2, unit residual vectors

for each enforced motion DOF are always computed, even if RESVEC=NO.
4.
For normal modes analysis, the unit load method (type=UNITLOD) is applied to the
degrees-of-freedom defined by USET and USET1 U6 entities. If the Lanczos eigensolver is
used then RESVEC=YES must be present. If the AMSES or AMLS eigensolver is used, then
the USET and USET1 U6 residual vectors will always be calculated (even if RESVEC=NO is
specified).
5.
Even though DAMPLOD and NODAMP may be defined inside each subcase, the setting from
the last RESVEC data will be used for all of the modal complex eigenvalue analysis, modal
frequency response, and modal transient subcases in the model.
6.
Residual vectors from USET and USET1 U6 data are only available for modal complex
eigenvalue analysis when AMSES or AMLS is used to calculate the normal modes. They
are not created if Lanczos is used.
7.
For modal frequency response and modal transient analysis, the USET and USET1 U6
residual vectors will always be calculated if the AMSES or AMLS eigensolver is used, and
they will never be calculated if the Lanczos eigensolver is used. The RESVEC command
has no effect on the USET and USET1 U6 residual vector creation for modal frequency
response and modal transient analysis.
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RGYRO
RGYRO This data entry can be used in the subcase information section to activate
gyroscopic effects in Rotor dynamics
Description
Identifies a RGYRO bulk data entry that contains information required to implement Rotor
dynamics in Modal Complex Eigenvalue Analysis and/or Modal Frequency Response Analysis.
Format
RGYRO = option
Example
RGYRO = 3
RGYRO = NO
Argument
Option
Description
option
<SID,NO>
SID:
Identification number of a RGYRO bulk data entry.

(Integer)
NO:
Gyroscopic effects are not included in any solution

sequences.
Comments
1. Multiple RGYRO subcase information entries are allowed in different subcases, however,
only one RGYRO subcase entry can exist within each subcase.
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RSPEC
RSPEC Data Selection
Description
The RSPEC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to reference combination
rules, excitation degrees of freedom, and input spectra for use in response spectrum analysis.
Format
RSPEC = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of an RSPEC bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
Only valid in a response spectrum analysis subcase.
2.
Refer to the Response Spectrum Analysis section of the Users Guide for more details.
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RWALL
RWALL Data Selection
Description
The RWALL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select rigid walls for
geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
RWALL = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of an RWALADD bulk data entry

or, if no RWALADD bulk data entry exists with this
SID, the set identification of RWALL bulk data
entries.
Comments
1.
Only one RWALL entry can be present for each subcase. It can only be used in subcases
that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry.
2.
If the SID referenced by the RWALL subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an RWALADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is
selected. However, if no RWALADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then
any XHSIT bulk data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.
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SDAMPING
SDAMPING - Data Selection
Description
The SDAMPING command can be used in the Subcase Information section to apply modal
damping as a function of natural frequency in modal solutions.
Format
SDAMPING (type) = option
Argument
Option
Description
type
< STRUCTURE, FLUID >

Default = STRUCTURE
The referenced bulk data entry is applied to the

structural (STRUCTURE) or fluid (FLUID) portion of
the model.
option
< SID >
SID: Set identification of a TABDMP1 bulk data

entry.
No default
Comments
1.
SDAMPING can only be used in modal transient, modal frequency response and modal
complex eigenvalue analyses; and must reference a TABDMP1 bulk data entry.
2.
Only one SDAMPING entry of each type can be defined for each subcase.
3.
If only one type of SDAMPING entry is defined (either SDAMPING(STRUCTURE) or

SDAMPING(FLUID)), this definition will be used for both the structure and the fluid portion
of the model.
4.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to each modal frequency or modal
transient subcase without an SDAMPING entry.
5.
To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency response or Modal transient

analyses when the SDAMPING bulk data entry is used instead of PARAM, G, the steps
described here can be followed:
The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk
data entry is referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information entry.
Set the damping value (field gi) in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry equal to half of the
value of PARAM, G (that is set the constant value to C/C0).
Set PARAM, KDAMP,-1.
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SEINTPNT
SEINTPNT - Selection of Super Element Internal Point
Description
The SEINTPNT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a set of
interior DOF of super elements to be converted to exterior DOF.
Format
SEINTPNT = option
Example
SEINTPNT = 100
BEGIN BULK
SET,100,GRIDC,
+,10643,T1,10643,T2,10643,T3
GRID 10643 1 234 55 322
Argument
Option
Description
option
<SID>
SID refers to the ID of a bulk card SET of type GRIDC.
No default
Comments
1.
SEINTPNT can be used when CMS super elements in .h3d files are present in residual runs.
After the conversion, these DOF are part of the analysis DOF and can be used as
connection points, load DOF, response DOF during optimization.
2.
SEINTPNT is not supported for fluid grids.
3.
GRID point information for interior grids (that are to be converted to exterior grids) should
be included in the GRID bulk data entry, which in turn should be included in the solver
deck if SEINTPNT is used.
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SOLVTYP
SOLVTYP - Solver Selection
Description
The SOLVTYP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the solver
for linear and nonlinear static subcases, nonlinear geometric implicit static subcase
(ANALYSIS=NLGEOM), and nonlinear geometric implicit dynamic subcase (ANALYSIS=IMPDYN).
Format
SOLVTYP = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID: Set identification of an SOLVTYP bulk data entry.

Selects a SOLVTYP bulk data entry that is used to
define various settings for the solver, such as
different pre-conditioners and convergence criteria
for the solver.
Comments
1.
Only one SOLVTYP entry can be defined for each linear and nonlinear static subcases or
nonlinear geometric implicit subcase.
2.
If present above the first subcase, it is applied to all compatible linear and nonlinear
static subcases and nonlinear geometric implicit subcases. For more details on subcase
type and solver compatibility, refer to the SOLVTYP bulk data entry.
3.
If SOLVTYP is present in a subcase, a solver, specified by the referenced SOLVTYP in the

bulk data, is used in the solution of linear and nonlinear static subcases and nonlinear
geometric implicit subcases. The option selects the SOLVTYP bulk data entry that can be
used to define alternate settings such as different pre-conditioners and convergence
criteria for the solver.
4.
In optimization, if the responses DRESP1, RTYPE = DISP, LAMA, STESS, STRAIN,

CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, CFAILURE, or FORCE are present the solver is automatically reverted
to the direct solver.
5.
The iterative solver is a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver. A Factored

Approximate Inverse Preconditioner is the default method. This solver is also SMP
parallelized.
6.
The performance of the iterative solver depends on the conditioning of the stiffness
matrix. For compact solid models, the iterative solver may perform considerably better
than the direct solver in terms of memory usage and elapsed times for a single linear
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static subcase. In the case of multiple linear static subcases, the iterative solver may
perform worse than the direct solver. The break-even point is at about 4-6 subcases.
The performance depends on model, hardware, operating system, and potentially the
system load.
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SPC
SPC - Data Selection
Description
The SPC command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a single-point
constraint set.
Format
SPC = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of an SPCADD bulk data entry or,

if no SPCADD bulk data entry exists with this SID,
the set identification of SPC or SPC1 bulk data
entries.
Comments
1.
Only one SPC entry can be present for each subcase.
2.
If the SID referenced by the SPC subcase information entry matches with the SID defined
for an SPCADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is selected.
However, if no SPCADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then any SPC or
SPC1 bulk data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.
3.
If present above the first subcase, it is the default for each subcase without an SPC
command, with the exception of linear buckling analysis subcases. Linear buckling
analysis subcases inherit the SPC information from the referenced static subcase.
4.
SPC may be set to 0 to override the default in subcases where no SPC is required.
5.
SPC must be present for linear static solutions. The SID may be set to 0 to run linear
static solutions with no constraints.
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STATSUB
STATSUB - Subcase Selection
Description
The STATSUB command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a static
solution subcase.
Format
STATSUB(type) = option
Argument
Option
Description
type
<BUCKLING, BUCKLING:
PRELOAD,
PRETENS,
STRUCTURE>
PRELOAD:
Default =
BUCKLING
PRETENS:
Referenced static subcase is used in forming

the geometric stiffness needed for the linear
buckling solution.
Referenced static subcase defines a preload.
Referenced static subcase introduces
pretensioning loads on bolts. (See comment
4).
STRUCTURE: Referenced static subcase will determine the

CONTACT / GAP status for a heat transfer
analysis (See comment 6).
option
< SID >
SID:
Subcase identification number of a static

solution subcase. (See comment 5).
No default
Comments
1.
A METHOD entry to define the eigenvalue extraction method is required in addition to a

STATSUB entry for a linear buckling solution subcase.
2.
A linear buckling solution cannot be performed on a linear static subcase that uses inertia
relief.
3.
STATSUB(PRELOAD) is supported for linear static, normal modes, and direct frequency
response solution sequences.
4.
STATSUB(PRETENS) is supported for linear and nonlinear static subcases. Other subcase
types can use STATSUB(PRELOAD), which refers to a pretension subcase, in order to
incorporate the effect of pretensioning on natural frequencies, dynamic solutions, and so
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on.
5.
STATSUB(PRETENS) can only reference a subcase that precedes the current subcase in
the input deck.
6.
STATSUB(STRUCTURE) is supported for both steady-state and transient heat transfer

solution sequences.
7.
STATSUB(PRELOAD) can be used with the AMSES eigensolver.
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SUBCASE
SUBCASE - Subcase Selection
Description
The SUBCASE command can be used in the Subcase Information section to indicate the start
of a new subcase definition.
Format
SUBCASE = integer
Argument
Description
integer
Subcase identification number (SID)

No default (Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
Each subcase must be declared with a separate SUBCASE header and a unique SID.
2.
The SUBCASE header is not needed if there is just one subcase.
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SUBCOM
SUBCOM - Combination Subcase Delimiter
Description
Delimits and identifies a combination subcase.
Format
SUBCOM = n
Example
SUBCOM = 125
Argument
Description
Subcase identification number

(Integer > 2)
Comments
1.
A SUBSEQ command must follow this command.
2.
SUBCOM may only be used with STATIC subcases.
3.
Output requests above the subcase level will be used.
4.
If the referenced subcases contain thermal loads or element deformations, you must
define the temperature field in the SUBCOM with a TEMP(LOAD) command or the element
deformations with a DEFORM command.
5.
If the reference subcases contain STATSUB(PRELOAD), then all of the referenced

subcases must contain the same STATSUB(PRELOAD); the same STATSUB(PRELOAD)
should also be used in the SUBCOM.
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SUBMODEL
SUBMODEL - Subcase-specific Model Selection
Description
The SUBMODEL entry can be used in the Subcase Information section to select a submodel as
a set of elements. Subcase entries specific to the selected element set can be used to solve
the submodel without affecting the rest of the structure.
Format
SUBMODEL, SID, SID_r
Argument
Value
Description
SID
<integer>0>
Specifies the SID of a SET of elements that defines the

submodel.
SID_R
<integer>0>,
NONE, blank
<integer>0>
Specifies the SID of a set of rigid

elements to be included with the
submodel.
NONE:
The subcase containing this SUBMODEL

entry will skip all rigid elements in the
input deck.
blank:
If SID_r is blank, the subcase containing

this SUBMODEL entry will include all rigid
elements defined in the input deck.
Comments
1.
A SUBMODEL entry can only be defined within a subcase and cannot be specified above
the first subcase.
2.
The SUBMODEL entry does not automatically apply the specific attributes (loads,
constraints and so on) to the defined submodel. It is your responsibility to specify
corresponding attributes that apply exclusively to the subcase-specific model defined via
SUBMODEL.
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307
SUBSEQ
SUBSEQ - Subcase Sequence Coefficients
Description
Gives the coefficients for forming a linear combination of the previous static subcases.
Format
SUBSEQ=R1 [, R2, R3, ..., Rn]
Example
SUBSEQ=1.0, -1.0, 0.0, 2.0
Argument
Description
Ri
Coefficients of the previously occurring static subcases.

(Real)
Comments
1.
Can only appear after a SUBCOM command.
2.
R1 to Rn refer to the immediately preceding statis subcases. Rn is applied to the most

recently appearing static subcase, R(n-1) is applied to the second most recently
appearing static subcase, and so on. The embedded comments ($) describe the following
example:
DISPL = ALL
SUBCASE 1
SUBCASE 2
SUBCOM 3
SUBSEQ = 1.0, -1.0 $ SUBCASE 1 - SUBCASE 2
SUBCASE 11
SUBCASE 12
SUBCOM 13
SUBSEQ = 0.0, 0.0, 1.0, -1.0 $ SUBCASE 11 - SUBCASE 12
or
SUBSEQ = 1.0, -1.0 $ EQUIVALENT TO PRECEDING COMMAND.
308

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Altair Engineering
SUPORT1
SUPORT1 - Data Selection
Description
The SUPORT1 command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select the fictitious
support set to be applied to the model.
Format
SUPORT1 = option
Argument
Options
Description
option
< SID >
SID: Set identification of a SUPORT1 bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
SUPORT1 entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information section by
the SUPORT1 command.
2.
SUPORT1 entries will be applied in all subcases.
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309
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE Temperature Set Selection
Description
Selects the temperature set to be used in either material property calculations or thermal
loading.
Format
TEMPERATURE (type) = option
Examples
TEMPERATURE(LOAD)=15
TEMP(MATERIAL)=7
TEMPERATURE=7
Argument
Option
Description
type
<INITIAL,
MATERIAL,
LOAD, BOTH>
INITIAL:
The selected temperature set will be used

to determine initial temperature
distribution.
Default = BOTH
MATERIAL:

to determine temperature-dependent
material properties indicated on the MATTi
bulk data entries.
In addition, the SUBCASE ID of a thermal
analysis SUBCASE can be specified. The
calculated temperature field is then used to
determine temperature-dependent material
properties indicated on the MATTi bulk data
entries.
option
< SID >
LOAD:

to determine an equivalent static load.
BOTH:
Both MATERIAL and LOAD will use the same

temperature set.
SID:
Set identification number of TEMP or TEMPD

bulk data entries.
No default
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Comments
1.
Only one of TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) or TEMPERATURE (INITIAL) is allowed in any

problem and should be specified above the subcase level (although it will be accepted
inside the subcase).
2.
TEMPERATURE(BOTH) and TEMPERATURE(LOAD) can be used before the subcase level or

inside the subcase. If used before the subcase level, it will apply to all subcases that do
not have their own TEMP(BOTH) or TEMP(LOAD) command.
3.
If multiple temperature-dependent material requests are made (for example, by using

TEMP(MATERIAL) and TEMP(BOTH)), then the last request will be used to define material
properties.
4.
The total load applied will be the sum of external (LOAD command), thermal (TEMP(LOAD)
command) and constrained displacement (SPC command) loads.
5.
Static and thermal loads should have unique set identification numbers.
6.
In linear static analysis, temperature strains are calculated with:
where, A(T0 ) is the thermal expansion coefficient defined on the MATi bulk data entries, T
is the load temperature defined with TEMPERATURE(LOAD), and T0 is the initial temperature
which is defined in one of the following ways:
If TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) and TREF (specified on the MATi or PCOMPi cards) are
specified, then the TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) set will be used as the initial temperature
to calculate both the thermal loads and the material properties.
If TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) and TREF are specified, then TREF will be used as the initial
temperature in calculating the thermal load and the TEMPERATURE (MATERIAL) set will
be used for the calculation of the material properties.
If neither TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) nor TEMPERATURE(INITIAL) are specified, TREF will
be used to calculate both the thermal load and the material properties.
If none of TEMPERATURE(INITIAL),TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL), and TEMPERATURE(BOTH)
is present, TREF will be used to calculate the load. The material properties will be
obtained from the MATi entry. The MATTi is not used in this case.
7.
8.
TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or TEMPERATURE(MATERIAL) can point to a heat transfer subcase or

TSTRU ID. The temperature field from a steady state heat transfer analysis or at the final
time step of a transient heat transfer analysis will be used.
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311
TSTEP
TSTEP Transient Time Step Set Selection
Description
The TSTEP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select integration for
transient analysis.
Format
TSTEP (type) = option
Example
TSTEP = 731
TSTEP (FOURIER) = 755
Argument
Option
Description
type
<TIME, FOURIER>
TIME:
The transient response is computed by

time step integration in the time domain.
FOURIER:
The transient response is computed in the

frequency domain using the Fourier
transform method.
SID:
Set identification number of a TSTEP bulk

data entry.
Default = TIME
option
< SID >

No default
Comments
1.
A TSTEP entry must be selected to execute a transient analysis.
2.
A TSTEP entry can also be used to execute a transient thermal analysis (only for
type=TIME or Default).
3.
For the application of time-dependent loads in modal frequency response analysis, a

TSTEP bulk data entry must be selected by the TSTEP (FOURIER) command. The timedependent loads will be recomputed in the frequency domain by a Fourier transform.
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TSTEPNL
TSTEPNL Nonlinear Implicit Dynamics Time Step Set Selection
Description
The TSTEPNL command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select integration
and other parameters for nonlinear implicit dynamics analysis.
Format
TSTEPNL = option
Example
TSTEPNL = 731
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification number of a TSTEPNL

bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
A TSTEPNL entry must be selected to execute a nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis.
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313
TSTRU
TSTRU - Temperature Set ID for Structural Analysis
Description
The TSTRU command can be used in the Subcase Information section to assign a temperature
set identification number to the resulting nodal temperatures of a steady-state heat transfer
analysis or the last time step of a transient heat transfer analysis.
Format
TSTRU = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Default = Subcase ID
This is a temperature set identification number.

It may be referenced from a static analysis
subcase, in which case the resulting nodal
temperatures of a steady-state heat transfer
analysis or the last time step of a transient
heat transfer analysis are considered as applied
loads for the static analysis.
Comments
1.
TSTRU is only valid in a heat transfer subcase.
2.
If TSTRU does not explicitly appear in a heat transfer subcase, then the Subcase ID is
used as the default.
3.
A temperature set from a heat transfer analysis will override any temperature set defined
by the bulk data entries TEMP or TEMPD.
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WEIGHT
WEIGHT - Optimization Parameter
Description
The WEIGHT command can be used in the Subcase Information section to define a weighting
factor (multiplier) for the compliances of individual linear static solution subcases, which are
used in the calculation of the "weighted compliance" and "combined compliance index"
optimization responses.
Format
WEIGHT = value
Argument
Description
value
The multiplier to be used for the compliance of this subcase in the

calculation of "weighted compliance" or "combined compliance index."
Comments
1.
Refer to the Responses page of the User's Guide for more information on "weighted
compliance" and "combined compliance index" optimization response calculations.
2.
WEIGHT is only used in conjunction with DRESP1, RTYPE = WCOMP, COMB.
3.
If a WEIGHT is not defined in any subcase, but a DRESP1 with RTYPE = WCOMP or COMB
exists, all static subcases are assigned a WEIGHT of 1.0 by default.
4.
This entry is represented as an optimization response in HyperMesh.
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315
XHIST
XHIST Data Selection
Description
The XHIST command can be used in the Subcase Information section to select time history
output for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
XHIST = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
No default
Set identification of an XHISTADD bulk data entry

or, if no XHISTADD bulk data entry exists with this
SID, the set identification of XHIST bulk data
entries.
Comments
1.
Only one XHIST entry can be present for each subcase. It can only be used in subcases
that contain an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry.
2.
If the SID referenced by the XHIST subcase information entry matches with the SID
defined for an XHISTADD bulk data entry, then the information on this entry alone is
selected. However, if no XHISTADD bulk data entry has the referenced SID defined, then
any XHSIT bulk data entries that have this SID defined will be selected.
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XSTEP
XSTEP Explicit Analysis Parameter Selection
Description
The XSTEP command can be used in the Subcase Information section to activate the explicit
solution method for this subcase and to select the parameters used for explicit analysis.
Format
XSTEP = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
< SID >
SID:
Set identification of an XSTEP bulk data entry.
No default
Comments
1.
XSTEP bulk data entries will not be used unless selected in the Subcase Information
section.
2.
The XSTEP command is supported in explicit analysis and optimization subcases.
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Bulk Data Section
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ACCLR
Bulk Data Entry
ACCLR Accelerometer for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines accelerometer for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
AC C LR
AID
GID
FC UT
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
AC C LR
100
34
100.0
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
AID
Unique accelerometer identification number.
(7)
(8)
(Integer > 0)
GID
Grid point identification number.

(Integer > 0)
FCUT
Cutoff frequency.
(Real > 0)
Comments
1.
The accelerometer option computes a filtered acceleration in the output system.
2.
These filtered accelerations provided by an accelerometer are used in either a SENSOR or

in post-processing acceleration time history without aliasing problems.
3.
A 4-pole Butterworth filter is used.
4.
The recommended value for FCUT is 1650 Hz (1.65 ms-1) to obtain a class 1000 SAE
filtering.
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319
5.
In addition to these filtered accelerations, the accelerometer also allows the output of
the integrals of X, Y, and Z of the raw accelerations projected to the output coordinate
system to time history. These quantities are not used by SENSOR.
6.
Note that if the coordinates are moving, the integrals of X, Y, and Z raw accelerations
projected to the output coordinate system are not the same as the velocities projected
to the output coordinate system, as described in XHIST. Computation of these integrals
in a post-processor allows retrieving the accelerations projected to the output coordinate
system without aliasing problems. Integration and differentiation are acting like another
filter on top of the 4-pole Butterworth.
7.
This card is unsupported in HyperMesh.
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ACMODL
Bulk Data Entry
ACMODL Fluid-Structure Interface Parameters
Description
Defines model parameters for the Fluid-Structure interface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
AC MODL
INTER
INFOR
FSET
SSET
NORMAL
INTOL
(7)
(8)
(9)
SKNEPS
DSKNEPS
(10)
SRC HUNIT MAXSGRID
Field
Contents
INTER
Fluid-structure interface type.

Default = DIFF (IDENT or DIFF)
INFOR
Defines whether grids or elements identified by FSET and SSET are to be

used to define the fluid-structure interface.
Default = GRID (GRID or ELEMENT)
FSET
ID of a SET of fluid elements or grids to be considered for the interface.

Default = blank (Integer)
SSET
ID of a SET of structural elements or grids to be considered for the interface

Default = blank (Integer)
NORMAL
Fluid normal tolerance.

Default = 1.0 when INTER = DIFF;
Default = 0.001 when INTER = IDENT (Real)
SKNEPS
Fluid skin growth tolerance (See comments 4 and 5).

DSKNEPS
Secondary fluid skin growth tolerance (See comments 4 and 5).
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321
Field
Contents
Default = 1.5 * SKNEPS (Real)
INTOL
Tolerance of inward normal.

SRCHUNIT
Search units. ABS for absolute model units or REL for relative model units
based on element size.
Default = REL (ABS or REL)
MAXSGRID
The maximum number of structural grids that can be interfaced with one fluid
element face.
Default = 200 (Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
ACMODL card is optional in the deck. If provided, only one ACMODL card is allowed.
2.
For INTER=IDENT, the interface would be calculated based on a grid to grid match
between fluid and structural parts. For INTER=IDENT, INFOR must be GRID or blank. Each
grid specified on the FSET/SSET must be able to find a matching interface grid. If either
FSET or SSET is not provided, a searching algorithm would find the grids on the skin of
the surface.
3.
For INTER=DIFF, if FSET/SSET is provided, the skin of the surface would be based on the
set. If either FSET or SSET is not provided, a searching algorithm would find the skin of
the surface. The searching algorithm for this case is based on the normal distance from
the fluid face. When INTER=DIFF, a grid to grid match is no longer a requirement.
4.
The search box is described by several parameters:
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Altair Engineering
The height of the searching box is based on the NORMAL parameter. If L is the
smallest edge of the fluid element face, the height of the search box would be NORMAL
x L.
SKNEPS represents the enlargement of the plane of the fluid surface used to define the
search box. The diagonal distance, D, from the center of the fluid surface to each
surface grid is pushed out by (1.0+SKNEPS) x D.
DSKNEPS represents a secondary enlargement of the plane of the fluid surface used to
define the search box if SKNEPS fails to find ANY structural elements. The diagonal
distance from the center of the fluid surface to each surface grid is pushed out by (1.0
+DSKNEPS) x D.
INTOL represents a normal direction into the fluid for the case when the fluid protrudes
past the structural interface. It is defined as INTOL x L, where L is the smallest edge
of the fluid element surface.
5.
The value required in the secondary fluid skin growth tolerance (DSKNEPS) field must
always be greater than the value of the fluid growth tolerance (SKNEPS).
If the required value of DSKNEPS is less than SKNEPS, then an ERROR message will be
output and the run will be terminated.
If the DSKNEPS field is left blank, a default value equal to 1.5 * SKNEPS is assigned to
it.
6.
This card is represented as a control card in HyperMesh.
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323
ACSRCE
Bulk Data Entry
ACSRCE Acoustic Source
Description
Defines acoustic source as a function of power vs. frequency.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
AC SRC E
SID
EXC ITEID
DELAY
DPHASE
TP
RHO
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
AC SRC E
111
29
-0.2
87
14
1.0
15
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of a dynamic load set.
(9)
(10)

EXCITEID
Identification number of an SLOAD entry set that defines A.

DELAY
Defines time delay . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the

identification number of a DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If it is
real, then it directly defines the value of that will be used for all
degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry.
Default = 0 (Integer > 0, or Real)
DPHASE
324
Defines phase . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the identification

number of a DPHASE bulk data entry that defines . If it is real, then it

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
directly defines the value of that will be used for all degrees-of-freedom
that are excited by this dynamic load entry.
TP
Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3, or TABLED4

entry that gives P(f).
RHO
Fluid Density
No default (Real > 0.0)
Bulk modulus of fluid.

Comments
1.
where,
2.
Dynamic load sets must be selected in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections
with the command DLOAD = SID.
3.
SID must be unique with respect to other dynamic load sets, that is ACSRCE, DLOAD,
RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries.
4.
The referenced EXCITEID, DELAY and DPHASE entries must specify fluid points only.
5.
If either DELAY or DPHASE are blank or zero, the corresponding
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or
will be zero.

325
ASET
Bulk Data Entry
ASET Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the boundary degrees-of-freedom of a superelement assembly for matrix reduction.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ASET
G1
C1
G2
C2
G3
C3
G4
C4
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
ASET
564
765
4561
Field
Contents
Gi
Grid or scalar point identification numbers.
(8)
(9)
(10)

Ci
Component numbers.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 < integer
< 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points.
The components refer to the coordinate system referenced by the grid
points.)
Comments
1.
Refer to the User's Guide section on The Direct Matrix Approach for more information on
the use of this card.
2.
A fatal error will be issued if the input contains ASET or ASET1, but PARAM, EXTOUT is
not given.
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Altair Engineering
3.
When the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or
STRICT, it is required for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank
when the grid reference is a scalar point (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when
the grid reference is a structural grid point (GRID). When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, it is
allowed for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the grid reference be either a scalar point
(SPOINT) or a structural grid point (GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank;
interpreting all of these as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for structural grids. When the
component is greater than 1, the grid reference must always be a structural grid (GRID).
4.
This card is represented as a constraint load in HyperMesh.
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327
ASET1
Bulk Data Entry
ASET1 Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly, Alternate Form
Description
Defines the boundary degrees-of-freedom of a superelement assembly for matrix reduction.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ASET1
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ASET1
123
34
88
12
19
70
1234
65
(10)
Alternate Format and Example

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ASET1
G1
"THRU"
G2
ASET1
123456
88
THRU
207
328
(6)
(7)
(8)

(9)
(10)
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Field
Contents
Component number.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 < integer
< 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points. The
components refer to the coordinate system referenced by the grid points.)
Gi

(Integer > 0, for THRU option, G1 < G2)
Comments
1.
If the alternate format is used, all points in the sequence G1 through G2 are not required
to exist, but there must be at least one boundary degree-of-freedom for the model, or a
fatal error will result. Any grids implied in the THRU that do not exist will collectively
produce a warning message, but will otherwise be ignored.
2.
Refer to the User's Guide section on The Direct Matrix Approach for more information on
the use of this card.
3.
A fatal error will be issued if the input contains ASET or ASET1, but PARAM, EXTOUT is
not given.
4.
MIXED, it is allowed that when grid lists are provided for a given component, that the grid
references be either scalar points (SPOINT) or structural grid points (GRID) when the
component is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for
structural grids. When SPSYNTAX is set to STRICT it is required for grid/component pairs
(G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid references are to scalar points
(SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the grid references are to structural grid
points (GRID). When the component is greater than 1, the grid references must always
be a structural grid (GRID).
5.
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329
BEAD
The BEAD bulk data entry will no longer be supported for the definition of topography
optimization. All definitions must be provided using the DTPG bulk data entry. HyperMesh will
continue to read BEAD entries, but will convert them into DTPG entries.
Information regarding the BEAD entry can be found in the Previously Supported Input section
of the Reference Guide.
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BEGIN
Bulk Data Entry
BEGIN Indicates the beginning of data input for a specific entity.
Description
The BEGIN bulk data entry indicates the beginning of data that is used to describe a specific
entity (or entities) for inclusion in a model. The BEGIN entry is used in conjunction with the
END entry to define the data required for a specific entity.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
BEGIN
TYPE
NAME
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
BEGIN
FEMODEL
Bumper
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
BEGIN HYPRBEAM Square
Field
Contents
TYPE
Specifies the entity type that will be defined by the BEGIN data entry (see
Comment 2).
(HYPRBEAM or FEMODEL)
NAME
This field specifies the name of the entity that is defined by the BEGIN entry
(see Comment 2).
(Character String)
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331
Comments
1.
The BEGIN and END bulk data entries are used in conjunction to define an entity within
the full model.
2.
TYPE = HYPRBEAM:
Data required for the definition of an arbitrary beam section will be specified between the
BEGIN and END data entries.
TYPE = FEMODEL:
In a model containing multiple parts, the parts are included within the full model specifying
part data between the BEGIN and END bulk data entries (the INCLUDE entry can also be
used for part data referencing). The name of the included part should be specified in the
NAME field.
3.
The INCLUDE entry, similar to almost any other bulk data entry, is allowed between BEGIN
and END entries. However, BEGIN and END should exist in the same file.
4.
Models are often defined in separate files, and the block (BEGIN END) contains only
INCLUDE entries. It is possible to duplicate a single part by including the same file(s) in
different BEGIN-END blocks.
5.
There can be multiple sections of arbitrary beam data; one for each beam section.
6.
An example set of data for the definition of an arbitrary beam section is as follows:
BEGIN,HYPRBEAM,SQUARE
$
GRIDS,1,0.0,0.0
GRIDS,2,1.0,0.0
GRIDS,3,1.0,1.0
GRIDS,4,0.0,1.0
$
CSEC2,10,100,1,2
CSEC2,20,100,2,3
CSEC2,30,100,3,4
CSEC2,40,100,4,1
$
PSEC,100,1000,0.1
$
END,HYPRBEAM
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BLKHDF
Bulk Data Entry
BLKHDF Blank Holder Force for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines the blank holder force in a one-step stamping simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
BLKHDF
BHID
MU
FORC E
TOGGLE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
BLKHDF
0.3
3.0
0.0
Field
Contents
BHID
Blank holder identification number.
(6)
(7)
(8)

MU
Coefficient of friction.
FORCE
Blank holder force.

No default (Real)
TOGGLE
Flag assigned based on option (Pressure or Tonnage).

0.0 Uniform pressure is applied on blank holder.
1.0 Net force is applied on blank holder.
Comments
1.
This entry is only valid with an @HyperForm statement in the first line of the input file.
Altair Engineering

333
BMFACE
Bulk Data Entry
BMFACE Barrier Mesh Face
Description
Defines quad or tria faces that are in turn used to define a barrier to limit the total
deformation for free-shape design regions.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
BMFAC E
BMID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
BMFAC E
10
8203
8204
8100
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
BMID
Barrier mesh identification number. Referenced from a DSHAPE bulk data

entry.
G#
Grid point identification number of connection points. G1, G2, and G3 are
required to define tria faces, G4 is required to define quad faces.
No default (Integer > 0, all unique)
Comments
1.
334
Grid points used in the definition of BMFACE entries cannot be used to define structural
elements.

Altair Engineering
BNDFIX
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFIX Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using CMSMETH card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
BNDFIX
GID1
IC 1
GID2
IC 2
GID3
IC 3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
BNDFIX
1220
12345
(4)
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
GIDi
Grid of scalar point identification numbers.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

ICi
Component numbers.
Comments
1.
BNDFIX and BSET are equivalent.
2.
ASET, BNDFIX and BNDFREE; all three are not allowed in the same deck.
3.
If BNDFREE and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFIX;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE.
4.
If BNDFIX and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFREE;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX.
Altair Engineering

335
BNDFIX1
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFIX1 Fixed Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the fixed (B-set) degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using
CMSMETH card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
BNDFIX1
GID1
GID2
GID3
GID4
"thru"
GID6
GID7
GID8
GID9
etc.
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
BNDFIX1
12345
1220
1221
THRU
1229
Field
Contents
Component numbers.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
No default (Integer > 0 or blank). Zero or blank for SPOINT and any unique
combination of integers 1 through 6 for grid points with no embedded
blanks.
GIDi

THRU
336
Keyword to allow a range of GID. THRU can be in any field.

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
BNDFIX1 and BSET1 are equivalent.
2.
The combination of the three ASET/ASET1, BNDFIX/BNDFIX1 and BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 are

not allowed together in the same input data.
3.
If BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET will be
in the B-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE which will be in the C-set.
4.
If BNDFIX/BNDFIX1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would
be in C-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX which will be in the B-set.
5.
Multiple thru sequences can be used on a single card, and can span across continuation
lines.
6.
If the "thru" comment is used, G1 and G2 must exist, but the grid points between G1 and
G2 are not required to exist.
Altair Engineering

337
BNDFRE1
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFRE1 Free Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the free (C-set) degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using
CMSMETH card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
BNDFRE1
GID1
GID2
GID3
GID4
"thru"
GID6
GID7
GID8
GID9
etc.
(7)
(8)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
BNDFRE
1
12345
1220
1221
thru
1229
Field
Contents
Component numbers.
(9)
(10)
No default (Integer > 0 or blank). Zero or blank for SPOINT and any unique
combination of integers 1 through 6 for grid points with no embedded blanks.
GIDi

THRU
338
Keyword to allow a range of GID. THRU can be in any field.

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
BNDFRE1 and CSET1 are equivalent.
2.
The combination of the three ASET/ASET1, BNDFIX/BNDFIX1, and BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 are

not allowed together in the same input data.
3.
If BNDFREE/BNDFRE1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET will be
in the B-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE which will be in the C-set.
4.
If BNDFIX/BNDFIX1 and ASET/ASET1 are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would
be in C-set; except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX which will be in the B-set. Any number of
continuations may appear.
5.
lines.
6.
Altair Engineering

339
BNDFREE
Bulk Data Entry
BNDFREE Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
Defines the degrees-of-freedom to be fixed during DMIG generation using CMSMETH card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
BNDFREE
GID1
IC 1
GID2
IC 2
GID3
IC 3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
BNDFREE
1220
12345
(4)
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
GIDi
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

ICi
Component numbers.
Comments
1.
BNDFREE and CSET are equivalent.
2.
ASET, BNDFIX and BNDFREE are not allowed in the same deck.
3.
If BNDFREE and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFIX;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFREE.
4.
If BNDFIX and ASET are present, the DOFs associated with ASET would be in BNDFREE;
except the DOF assigned to BNDFIX.
340

Altair Engineering
BSET
Bulk Data Entry
BSET Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
BSET entry is equivalent to BNDFIX.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFIX Bulk Data Entry.
Altair Engineering

341
BSET1
Bulk Data Entry
BSET1 Fixed Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
BSET1 entry is equivalent to BNDFIX1.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFIX1 Bulk Data Entry.
342

Altair Engineering
CAABSF
Bulk Data Entry
CAABSF Frequency-dependant Fluid Acoustic Absorber Element
Description
Defines the frequency-dependant fluid acoustic absorber element in coupled fluid-structural
analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C AABSF
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C AABSF
71
10
Field
Contents
EID
Unique element identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PAABSF property entry.

Gi
Grid point identification numbers of fluid connection points.

Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank)
Input File - mdcaabsf.parm
Altair Engineering

343
$$
$$ Optistruct Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 10.0build60
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Optistruct Template Version : 10.0-SA1-120
$$
$$
Template: optistruct
$$
$$
$
DISPLACEMENT(PHASE) = 1
OUTPUT,HGFREQ,ALL
OUTPUT,OPTI,ALL
OUTPUT,H3D,ALL
OUTPUT,PUNCH,ALL
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Case Control Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP
1"Piston_Load"
6
$
SUBCASE
1
LABEL Piston_Load
SPC =
12
METHOD(STRUCTURE) =
4
METHOD(FLUID) =
5
FREQUENCY =
3
DLOAD =
9
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
11(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
43(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
55(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
67(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
79(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
91(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
103(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
115(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
127(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
139(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
151(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
163(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
175(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
187(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
199(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
531(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
543(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
555(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
567(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
579(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
591(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
603(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
615(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
627(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
639(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
651(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
663(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
675(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
687(T1)
$
$HMSET
1
1 "pressure"
SET 1 = 43,55,67,79,91,103,115,
127,139,151,163,175,187,199,
531,543,555,567,579,591,603,
615,627,639,651,663,675,687,
6798
$
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS
344

Altair Engineering
$
BEGIN BULK
ACMODL
$$
$$ Stacking Information for Ply-Based Composite Definition
$$
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES
PARAM,POST,-1
$$
$$ DESVARG Data
$$
$$
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID
9
GRID
10
GRID
11
GRID
12
GRID
13
GRID
14
GRID
15
GRID
16
GRID
17
GRID
18
GRID
19
GRID
20
GRID
21
GRID
22
GRID
23
GRID
24
GRID
25
GRID
26
GRID
27
GRID
28
GRID
29
GRID
30
GRID
31
GRID
32
GRID
33
GRID
34
GRID
35
GRID
36
GRID
37
GRID
38
GRID
39
GRID
40
GRID
41
GRID
42
GRID
43
GRID
44
GRID
45
GRID
46
GRID
47
GRID
48
GRID
49
GRID
50
GRID
51
GRID
52
GRID
53
GRID
54
GRID
55
GRID
56
GRID
57
GRID
58
GRID
59
GRID
60
GRID
61
GRID
62
Altair Engineering
0.492
0.0
-1.72-15
0.246
0.0
-8.59-16
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.246 0.0
8.589-16
-0.492 0.0
1.718-15
-0.492 0.246
1.718-15
-0.492 0.492
1.718-15
-0.246 0.492
8.589-16
0.0
0.492
0.0
0.246
0.492
-8.59-16
0.492
0.492
-1.72-15
0.492
0.246
-1.72-15
0.0
0.246
0.0
-0.246 0.246
8.589-16
0.246
0.246
-8.59-16
0.492
-0.246 -1.72-15
0.492
-0.492 -1.72-15
0.246
-0.492 -8.59-16
0.0
-0.492 0.0
-0.246 -0.492 8.589-16
-0.492 -0.492 1.718-15
-0.492 -0.246 1.718-15
0.0
-0.246 0.0
0.246
-0.246 -8.59-16
-0.246 -0.246 8.589-16
0.246
5.049-29-.300073
-5.99-130.0
-.300073
-5.62-130.246
-.300073
0.246
0.246
-.300073
0.246
2.524-29-.600146
-1.2-12 0.0
-.600146
-1.12-120.246
-.600146
0.246
0.246
-.600146
0.246
2.919-29-0.90022
-1.79-120.0
-.900219
-1.68-120.246
-.900219
0.246
0.246
-0.90022
0.246
3.787-29-1.20029
-2.39-120.0
-1.20029
-2.24-120.246
-1.20029
0.246
0.246
-1.20029
0.246
4.733-29-1.50037
-3.0-12 0.0
-1.50037
-2.81-120.246
-1.50037
0.246
0.246
-1.50037
0.246
5.364-29-1.80044
-3.6-12 0.0
-1.80044
-3.37-120.246
-1.80044
0.246
0.246
-1.80044
0.246
6.311-29-2.10051
-4.2-12 0.0
-2.10051
-3.93-120.246
-2.10051
0.246
0.246
-2.10051
0.246
7.258-29-2.40059
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

345
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
346
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
-4.79-120.0
-2.40059
-4.49-120.246
-2.40059
0.246
0.246
-2.40059
0.246
8.204-29-2.70066
-5.39-120.0
-2.70066
-5.06-120.246
-2.70066
0.246
0.246
-2.70066
0.246
8.835-29-3.00073
-5.99-120.0
-3.00073
-5.62-120.246
-3.00073
0.246
0.246
-3.00073
0.246
9.782-29-3.30081
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-3.30081
0.246
0.246
-3.30081
0.246
1.073-28-3.60088
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-3.60088
0.246
0.246
-3.60088
0.246
1.136-28-3.90095
-7.78-120.0
-3.90095
-7.3-12 0.246
-3.90095
0.246
0.246
-3.90095
0.246
1.231-28-4.20102
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-4.20102
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-4.20102
0.246
0.246
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0.246
1.294-28-4.5011
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0.246
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1.388-28-4.80117
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-4.80117
0.246
0.246
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0.246
1.452-28-5.10124
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0.246
0.246
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0.246
1.515-28-5.40132
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0.246
0.246
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0.246
1.609-28-5.70139
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-5.70139
0.246
0.246
-5.70139
0.246
1.672-28-6.00146
-1.2-11 0.0
-6.00146
-1.12-110.246
-6.00146
0.246
0.246
-6.00146
0.246
1.735-28-6.30154
-1.26-110.0
-6.30154
-1.18-110.246
-6.30154
0.246
0.246
-6.30154
0.246
1.83-28 -6.60161
-1.32-110.0
-6.60161
-1.23-110.246
-6.60161
0.246
0.246
-6.60161
0.246
1.893-28-6.90168
-1.38-110.0
-6.90168
-1.29-110.246
-6.90168
0.246
0.246
-6.90168
0.246
1.956-28-7.20176
-1.44-110.0
-7.20176
-1.35-110.246
-7.20176
0.246
0.246
-7.20176
0.246
2.019-28-7.50183
-1.5-11 0.0
-7.50183
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
Altair Engineering
-1.4-11 0.246
-7.50183
0.246
0.246
-7.50183
0.246
2.083-28-7.8019
-1.55-110.0
-7.8019
-1.46-110.246
-7.8019
0.246
0.246
-7.8019
0.246
2.146-28-8.10198
-1.61-110.0
-8.10198
-1.51-110.246
-8.10198
0.246
0.246
-8.10198
0.246
2.209-28-8.40205
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-8.40205
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-8.40205
0.246
0.246
-8.40205
0.246
2.272-28-8.70212
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-8.70212
-1.63-110.246
-8.70212
0.246
0.246
-8.70212
0.246
2.335-28-9.0022
-1.79-110.0
-9.0022
-1.68-110.246
-9.0022
0.246
0.246
-9.0022
0.246
2.398-28-9.30227
-1.85-110.0
-9.30227
-1.74-110.246
-9.30227
0.246
0.246
-9.30227
0.246
2.461-28-9.60234
-1.91-110.0
-9.60234
-1.79-110.246
-9.60234
0.246
0.246
-9.60234
0.246
2.524-28-9.90241
-1.97-110.0
-9.90241
-1.85-110.246
-9.90241
0.246
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348
201
522
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541
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-18.3043
-18.3043
-18.6044
-18.6044
-18.9045
-18.9045
-19.2045
-19.2045
-19.5046
-19.5046
-19.8047
-19.8047
-20.1048
-20.1048
-20.4048
-20.4048
-20.7049
-20.7049
-21.005
-21.005
-21.3051
-21.3051
-21.6051
-21.6051
-21.9052
-21.9052
-22.2053
-22.2053
-22.5053
-22.5053
-22.8054
-22.8054
-23.1055
-23.1055
-23.4056
-23.4056
-23.7056
-23.7056
-24.0057
-24.0057
-24.3058
-24.3058
-24.6059
-24.6059
-24.9059
-24.9059
-25.206
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

375
GRID
4133
0.492
-0.492 -25.206
GRID
6776
-0.246 -0.246 8.589-16
GRID
6777
0.246
-0.246 -8.59-16
GRID
6778
0.0
-0.246 0.0
GRID
6779
-0.492 -0.246 1.718-15
GRID
6780
-0.492 -0.492 1.718-15
GRID
6781
-0.246 -0.492 8.589-16
GRID
6782
0.0
-0.492 0.0
GRID
6783
0.246
-0.492 -8.59-16
GRID
6784
0.492
-0.492 -1.72-15
GRID
6785
0.492
-0.246 -1.72-15
GRID
6786
0.246
0.246
-8.59-16
GRID
6787
-0.246 0.246
8.589-16
GRID
6788
0.0
0.246
0.0
GRID
6789
0.492
0.246
-1.72-15
GRID
6790
0.492
0.492
-1.72-15
GRID
6791
0.246
0.492
-8.59-16
GRID
6792
0.0
0.492
0.0
GRID
6793
-0.246 0.492
8.589-16
GRID
6794
-0.492 0.492
1.718-15
GRID
6795
-0.492 0.246
1.718-15
GRID
6796
-0.492 0.0
1.718-15
GRID
6797
-0.246 0.0
8.589-16
GRID
6798
0.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
6799
0.246
0.0
-8.59-16
GRID
6800
0.492
0.0
-1.72-15
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4
5627
1
6778
6798
6799
CQUAD4
5629
1
6782
6778
6777
CQUAD4
6116
1
6777
6799
6800
CQUAD4
6122
1
6783
6777
6785
CQUAD4
6125
1
6799
6798
6788
CQUAD4
6520
1
6779
6796
6797
CQUAD4
6521
1
6776
6797
6798
CQUAD4
6523
1
6780
6779
6776
CQUAD4
6528
1
6781
6776
6778
CQUAD4
6954
1
6797
6796
6795
CQUAD4
7220
1
6788
6787
6793
CQUAD4
7647
1
6787
6795
6794
CQUAD4
7652
1
6798
6797
6787
CQUAD4
7945
1
6786
6788
6792
CQUAD4
7948
1
6789
6786
6791
CQUAD4
7955
1
6800
6799
6786
$
$HMMOVE
5
$
5627
5629
6116
6122
6125
$
6528
6954
7220
7647
7652
$
$
$ CHEXA Elements: First Order
$
CHEXA
17
2
10
11
21
+
36
37
CHEXA
18
2
34
35
36
+
40
41
CHEXA
19
2
38
39
40
+
44
45
CHEXA
20
2
42
43
44
+
48
49
CHEXA
21
2
46
47
48
+
52
53
CHEXA
22
2
50
51
52
+
56
57
CHEXA
23
2
54
55
56
376
-1
6777
6783
6785
6784
6786
6776
6778
6781
6782
6787
6792
6793
6788
6791
6790
6789
6520THRU
7945
7948
6521
7955
23
34
35
37
38
39
41
42
43
45
46
47
49
50
51
53
54
55
57
58
59

6523
Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
60
24
64
25
68
26
72
27
76
28
80
29
84
30
88
31
92
32
96
33
100
34
104
35
108
36
112
37
116
38
120
39
124
40
128
41
132
42
136
43
140
44
144
45
148
46
152
47
156
48
160
49
164
50
168
51
172
52
176
53
180
54
184
55
188
56
192
57
196
Altair Engineering
61
2
65
2
69
2
73
2
77
2
81
2
85
2
89
2
93
2
97
2
101
2
105
2
109
2
113
2
117
2
121
2
125
2
129
2
133
2
137
2
141
2
145
2
149
2
153
2
157
2
161
2
165
2
169
2
173
2
177
2
181
2
185
2
189
2
193
2
197
58
59
60
61
62
63
62
63
64
65
66
67
66
67
68
69
70
71
70
71
72
73
74
75
74
75
76
77
78
79
78
79
80
81
82
83
82
83
84
85
86
87
86
87
88
89
90
91
90
91
92
93
94
95
94
95
96
97
98
99
98
99
100
101
102
103
102
103
104
105
106
107
106
107
108
109
110
111
110
111
112
113
114
115
114
115
116
117
118
119
118
119
120
121
122
123
122
123
124
125
126
127
126
127
128
129
130
131
130
131
132
133
134
135
134
135
136
137
138
139
138
139
140
141
142
143
142
143
144
145
146
147
146
147
148
149
150
151
150
151
152
153
154
155
154
155
156
157
158
159
158
159
160
161
162
163
162
163
164
165
166
167
166
167
168
169
170
171
170
171
172
173
174
175
174
175
176
177
178
179
178
179
180
181
182
183
182
183
184
185
186
187
186
187
188
189
190
191
190
191
192
193
194
195

377
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
378
58
200
139
524
140
528
141
532
142
536
143
540
144
544
145
548
146
552
147
556
148
560
149
564
150
568
151
572
152
576
153
580
154
584
155
588
156
592
157
596
158
600
159
604
160
608
161
612
162
616
163
620
164
624
165
628
166
632
167
636
168
640
169
644
170
648
171
652
172
2
201
2
525
2
529
2
533
2
537
2
541
2
545
2
549
2
553
2
557
2
561
2
565
2
569
2
573
2
577
2
581
2
585
2
589
2
593
2
597
2
601
2
605
2
609
2
613
2
617
2
621
2
625
2
629
2
633
2
637
2
641
2
645
2
649
2
653
2
194
195
196
197
198
199
198
199
200
201
522
523
522
523
524
525
526
527
526
527
528
529
530
531
530
531
532
533
534
535
534
535
536
537
538
539
538
539
540
541
542
543
542
543
544
545
546
547
546
547
548
549
550
551
550
551
552
553
554
555
554
555
556
557
558
559
558
559
560
561
562
563
562
563
564
565
566
567
566
567
568
569
570
571
570
571
572
573
574
575
574
575
576
577
578
579
578
579
580
581
582
583
582
583
584
585
586
587
586
587
588
589
590
591
590
591
592
593
594
595
594
595
596
597
598
599
598
599
600
601
602
603
602
603
604
605
606
607
606
607
608
609
610
611
610
611
612
613
614
615
614
615
616
617
618
619
618
619
620
621
622
623
622
623
624
625
626
627
626
627
628
629
630
631
630
631
632
633
634
635
634
635
636
637
638
639
638
639
640
641
642
643
642
643
644
645
646
647
646
647
648
649
650
651
650
651
652
653
654
655

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
656
173
660
174
664
175
668
176
672
177
676
178
680
179
684
180
688
181
37
182
41
183
45
184
49
185
53
186
57
187
61
188
65
189
69
190
73
191
77
192
81
193
85
194
89
195
93
196
97
197
101
198
105
199
109
200
113
201
117
202
121
203
125
204
129
205
133
206
137
Altair Engineering
657
2
661
2
665
2
669
2
673
2
677
2
681
2
685
2
689
2
691
2
693
2
695
2
697
2
699
2
701
2
703
2
705
2
707
2
709
2
711
2
713
2
715
2
717
2
719
2
721
2
723
2
725
2
727
2
729
2
731
2
733
2
735
2
737
2
739
2
741
654
655
656
657
658
659
658
659
660
661
662
663
662
663
664
665
666
667
666
667
668
669
670
671
670
671
672
673
674
675
674
675
676
677
678
679
678
679
680
681
682
683
682
683
684
685
686
687
10
23
20
690
34
690
34
37
691
692
38
692
38
41
693
694
42
694
42
45
695
696
46
696
46
49
697
698
50
698
50
53
699
700
54
700
54
57
701
702
58
702
58
61
703
704
62
704
62
65
705
706
66
706
66
69
707
708
70
708
70
73
709
710
74
710
74
77
711
712
78
712
78
81
713
714
82
714
82
85
715
716
86
716
86
89
717
718
90
718
90
93
719
720
94
720
94
97
721
722
98
722
98
101
723
724
102
724
102
105
725
726
106
726
106
109
727
728
110
728
110
113
729
730
114
730
114
117
731
732
118
732
118
121
733
734
122
734
122
125
735
736
126
736
126
129
737
738
130
738
130
133
739
740
134

379
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
380
207
141
208
145
209
149
210
153
211
157
212
161
213
165
214
169
215
173
216
177
217
181
218
185
219
189
220
193
221
197
222
201
303
525
304
529
305
533
306
537
307
541
308
545
309
549
310
553
311
557
312
561
313
565
314
569
315
573
316
577
317
581
318
585
319
589
320
593
321
2
743
2
745
2
747
2
749
2
751
2
753
2
755
2
757
2
759
2
761
2
763
2
765
2
767
2
769
2
771
2
773
2
935
2
937
2
939
2
941
2
943
2
945
2
947
2
949
2
951
2
953
2
955
2
957
2
959
2
961
2
963
2
965
2
967
2
969
2
740
134
137
741
742
138
742
138
141
743
744
142
744
142
145
745
746
146
746
146
149
747
748
150
748
150
153
749
750
154
750
154
157
751
752
158
752
158
161
753
754
162
754
162
165
755
756
166
756
166
169
757
758
170
758
170
173
759
760
174
760
174
177
761
762
178
762
178
181
763
764
182
764
182
185
765
766
186
766
186
189
767
768
190
768
190
193
769
770
194
770
194
197
771
772
198
772
198
201
773
934
522
934
522
525
935
936
526
936
526
529
937
938
530
938
530
533
939
940
534
940
534
537
941
942
538
942
538
541
943
944
542
944
542
545
945
946
546
946
546
549
947
948
550
948
550
553
949
950
554
950
554
557
951
952
558
952
558
561
953
954
562
954
562
565
955
956
566
956
566
569
957
958
570
958
570
573
959
960
574
960
574
577
961
962
578
962
578
581
963
964
582
964
582
585
965
966
586
966
586
589
967
968
590
968
590
593
969
970
594

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
597
322
601
323
605
324
609
325
613
326
617
327
621
328
625
329
629
330
633
331
637
332
641
333
645
334
649
335
653
336
657
337
661
338
665
339
669
340
673
341
677
342
681
343
685
344
689
345
1018
346
1020
347
1022
348
1024
349
1026
350
1028
351
1030
352
1032
353
1034
354
1036
355
1038
Altair Engineering
971
2
973
2
975
2
977
2
979
2
981
2
983
2
985
2
987
2
989
2
991
2
993
2
995
2
997
2
999
2
1001
2
1003
2
1005
2
1007
2
1009
2
1011
2
1013
2
1015
2
1017
2
1019
2
1021
2
1023
2
1025
2
1027
2
1029
2
1031
2
1033
2
1035
2
1037
2
1039
970
594
597
971
972
598
972
598
601
973
974
602
974
602
605
975
976
606
976
606
609
977
978
610
978
610
613
979
980
614
980
614
617
981
982
618
982
618
621
983
984
622
984
622
625
985
986
626
986
626
629
987
988
630
988
630
633
989
990
634
990
634
637
991
992
638
992
638
641
993
994
642
994
642
645
995
996
646
996
646
649
997
998
650
998
650
653
999
1000
654
1000
654
657
1001
1002
658
1002
658
661
1003
1004
662
1004
662
665
1005
1006
666
1006
666
669
1007
1008
670
1008
670
673
1009
1010
674
1010
674
677
1011
1012
678
1012
678
681
1013
1014
682
1014
682
685
1015
1016
686
23
21
17
18
37
36
37
36
1018
1019
41
40
41
40
1020
1021
45
44
45
44
1022
1023
49
48
49
48
1024
1025
53
52
53
52
1026
1027
57
56
57
56
1028
1029
61
60
61
60
1030
1031
65
64
65
64
1032
1033
69
68
69
68
1034
1035
73
72
73
72
1036
1037
77
76

381
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
382
356
1040
357
1042
358
1044
359
1046
360
1048
361
1050
362
1052
363
1054
364
1056
365
1058
366
1060
367
1062
368
1064
369
1066
370
1068
371
1070
372
1072
373
1074
374
1076
375
1078
376
1080
377
1082
378
1084
379
1086
380
1088
381
1090
382
1092
383
1094
384
1096
385
1098
386
1100
467
1262
468
1264
469
1266
470
2
1041
2
1043
2
1045
2
1047
2
1049
2
1051
2
1053
2
1055
2
1057
2
1059
2
1061
2
1063
2
1065
2
1067
2
1069
2
1071
2
1073
2
1075
2
1077
2
1079
2
1081
2
1083
2
1085
2
1087
2
1089
2
1091
2
1093
2
1095
2
1097
2
1099
2
1101
2
1263
2
1265
2
1267
2
77
76
1038
1039
81
80
81
80
1040
1041
85
84
85
84
1042
1043
89
88
89
88
1044
1045
93
92
93
92
1046
1047
97
96
97
96
1048
1049
101
100
101
100
1050
1051
105
104
105
104
1052
1053
109
108
109
108
1054
1055
113
112
113
112
1056
1057
117
116
117
116
1058
1059
121
120
121
120
1060
1061
125
124
125
124
1062
1063
129
128
129
128
1064
1065
133
132
133
132
1066
1067
137
136
137
136
1068
1069
141
140
141
140
1070
1071
145
144
145
144
1072
1073
149
148
149
148
1074
1075
153
152
153
152
1076
1077
157
156
157
156
1078
1079
161
160
161
160
1080
1081
165
164
165
164
1082
1083
169
168
169
168
1084
1085
173
172
173
172
1086
1087
177
176
177
176
1088
1089
181
180
181
180
1090
1091
185
184
185
184
1092
1093
189
188
189
188
1094
1095
193
192
193
192
1096
1097
197
196
197
196
1098
1099
201
200
201
200
1100
1101
525
524
525
524
1262
1263
529
528
529
528
1264
1265
533
532
533
532
1266
1267
537
536

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1268
471
1270
472
1272
473
1274
474
1276
475
1278
476
1280
477
1282
478
1284
479
1286
480
1288
481
1290
482
1292
483
1294
484
1296
485
1298
486
1300
487
1302
488
1304
489
1306
490
1308
491
1310
492
1312
493
1314
494
1316
495
1318
496
1320
497
1322
498
1324
499
1326
500
1328
501
1330
502
1332
503
1334
504
1336
Altair Engineering
1269
2
1271
2
1273
2
1275
2
1277
2
1279
2
1281
2
1283
2
1285
2
1287
2
1289
2
1291
2
1293
2
1295
2
1297
2
1299
2
1301
2
1303
2
1305
2
1307
2
1309
2
1311
2
1313
2
1315
2
1317
2
1319
2
1321
2
1323
2
1325
2
1327
2
1329
2
1331
2
1333
2
1335
2
1337
537
536
1268
1269
541
540
541
540
1270
1271
545
544
545
544
1272
1273
549
548
549
548
1274
1275
553
552
553
552
1276
1277
557
556
557
556
1278
1279
561
560
561
560
1280
1281
565
564
565
564
1282
1283
569
568
569
568
1284
1285
573
572
573
572
1286
1287
577
576
577
576
1288
1289
581
580
581
580
1290
1291
585
584
585
584
1292
1293
589
588
589
588
1294
1295
593
592
593
592
1296
1297
597
596
597
596
1298
1299
601
600
601
600
1300
1301
605
604
605
604
1302
1303
609
608
609
608
1304
1305
613
612
613
612
1306
1307
617
616
617
616
1308
1309
621
620
621
620
1310
1311
625
624
625
624
1312
1313
629
628
629
628
1314
1315
633
632
633
632
1316
1317
637
636
637
636
1318
1319
641
640
641
640
1320
1321
645
644
645
644
1322
1323
649
648
649
648
1324
1325
653
652
653
652
1326
1327
657
656
657
656
1328
1329
661
660
661
660
1330
1331
665
664
665
664
1332
1333
669
668
669
668
1334
1335
673
672

383
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
384
505
1338
506
1340
507
1342
508
1344
509
1019
510
1021
511
1023
512
1025
513
1027
514
1029
515
1031
516
1033
517
1035
518
1037
519
1039
520
1041
521
1043
522
1045
523
1047
524
1049
525
1051
526
1053
527
1055
528
1057
529
1059
530
1061
531
1063
532
1065
533
1067
534
1069
535
1071
536
1073
537
1075
538
1077
539
2
1339
2
1341
2
1343
2
1345
2
1346
2
1347
2
1348
2
1349
2
1350
2
1351
2
1352
2
1353
2
1354
2
1355
2
1356
2
1357
2
1358
2
1359
2
1360
2
1361
2
1362
2
1363
2
1364
2
1365
2
1366
2
1367
2
1368
2
1369
2
1370
2
1371
2
1372
2
1373
2
1374
2
1375
2
673
672
1336
1337
677
676
677
676
1338
1339
681
680
681
680
1340
1341
685
684
685
684
1342
1343
689
688
20
23
18
19
691
37
691
37
1019
1346
693
41
693
41
1021
1347
695
45
695
45
1023
1348
697
49
697
49
1025
1349
699
53
699
53
1027
1350
701
57
701
57
1029
1351
703
61
703
61
1031
1352
705
65
705
65
1033
1353
707
69
707
69
1035
1354
709
73
709
73
1037
1355
711
77
711
77
1039
1356
713
81
713
81
1041
1357
715
85
715
85
1043
1358
717
89
717
89
1045
1359
719
93
719
93
1047
1360
721
97
721
97
1049
1361
723
101
723
101
1051
1362
725
105
725
105
1053
1363
727
109
727
109
1055
1364
729
113
729
113
1057
1365
731
117
731
117
1059
1366
733
121
733
121
1061
1367
735
125
735
125
1063
1368
737
129
737
129
1065
1369
739
133
739
133
1067
1370
741
137
741
137
1069
1371
743
141
743
141
1071
1372
745
145
745
145
1073
1373
747
149
747
149
1075
1374
749
153
749
153
1077
1375
751
157

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1079
540
1081
541
1083
542
1085
543
1087
544
1089
545
1091
546
1093
547
1095
548
1097
549
1099
550
1101
631
1263
632
1265
633
1267
634
1269
635
1271
636
1273
637
1275
638
1277
639
1279
640
1281
641
1283
642
1285
643
1287
644
1289
645
1291
646
1293
647
1295
648
1297
649
1299
650
1301
651
1303
652
1305
653
1307
Altair Engineering
1376
2
1377
2
1378
2
1379
2
1380
2
1381
2
1382
2
1383
2
1384
2
1385
2
1386
2
1387
2
1468
2
1469
2
1470
2
1471
2
1472
2
1473
2
1474
2
1475
2
1476
2
1477
2
1478
2
1479
2
1480
2
1481
2
1482
2
1483
2
1484
2
1485
2
1486
2
1487
2
1488
2
1489
2
1490
751
157
1079
1376
753
161
753
161
1081
1377
755
165
755
165
1083
1378
757
169
757
169
1085
1379
759
173
759
173
1087
1380
761
177
761
177
1089
1381
763
181
763
181
1091
1382
765
185
765
185
1093
1383
767
189
767
189
1095
1384
769
193
769
193
1097
1385
771
197
771
197
1099
1386
773
201
773
201
1101
1387
935
525
935
525
1263
1468
937
529
937
529
1265
1469
939
533
939
533
1267
1470
941
537
941
537
1269
1471
943
541
943
541
1271
1472
945
545
945
545
1273
1473
947
549
947
549
1275
1474
949
553
949
553
1277
1475
951
557
951
557
1279
1476
953
561
953
561
1281
1477
955
565
955
565
1283
1478
957
569
957
569
1285
1479
959
573
959
573
1287
1480
961
577
961
577
1289
1481
963
581
963
581
1291
1482
965
585
965
585
1293
1483
967
589
967
589
1295
1484
969
593
969
593
1297
1485
971
597
971
597
1299
1486
973
601
973
601
1301
1487
975
605
975
605
1303
1488
977
609
977
609
1305
1489
979
613

385
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
386
654
1309
655
1311
656
1313
657
1315
658
1317
659
1319
660
1321
661
1323
662
1325
663
1327
664
1329
665
1331
666
1333
667
1335
668
1337
669
1339
670
1341
671
1343
672
1345
673
1512
674
1516
675
1520
676
1524
677
1528
678
1532
679
1536
680
1540
681
1544
682
1548
683
1552
684
1556
685
1560
686
1564
687
1568
688
2
1491
2
1492
2
1493
2
1494
2
1495
2
1496
2
1497
2
1498
2
1499
2
1500
2
1501
2
1502
2
1503
2
1504
2
1505
2
1506
2
1507
2
1508
2
1509
2
1513
2
1517
2
1521
2
1525
2
1529
2
1533
2
1537
2
1541
2
1545
2
1549
2
1553
2
1557
2
1561
2
1565
2
1569
2
979
613
1307
1490
981
617
981
617
1309
1491
983
621
983
621
1311
1492
985
625
985
625
1313
1493
987
629
987
629
1315
1494
989
633
989
633
1317
1495
991
637
991
637
1319
1496
993
641
993
641
1321
1497
995
645
995
645
1323
1498
997
649
997
649
1325
1499
999
653
999
653
1327
1500
1001
657
1001
657
1329
1501
1003
661
1003
661
1331
1502
1005
665
1005
665
1333
1503
1007
669
1007
669
1335
1504
1009
673
1009
673
1337
1505
1011
677
1011
677
1339
1506
1013
681
1013
681
1341
1507
1015
685
1015
685
1343
1508
1017
689
12
13
14
22
1510
1511
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1572
689
1576
690
1580
691
1584
692
1588
693
1592
694
1596
695
1600
696
1604
697
1608
698
1612
699
1616
700
1620
701
1624
702
1628
703
1632
704
1636
705
1640
706
1644
707
1648
708
1652
709
1656
710
1660
711
1664
712
1668
713
1672
714
1676
795
2000
796
2004
797
2008
798
2012
799
2016
800
2020
801
2024
802
2028
Altair Engineering
1573
2
1577
2
1581
2
1585
2
1589
2
1593
2
1597
2
1601
2
1605
2
1609
2
1613
2
1617
2
1621
2
1625
2
1629
2
1633
2
1637
2
1641
2
1645
2
1649
2
1653
2
1657
2
1661
2
1665
2
1669
2
1673
2
1677
2
2001
2
2005
2
2009
2
2013
2
2017
2
2021
2
2025
2
2029
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1674
1675
1676
1677
1998
1999
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027

387
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
388
803
2032
804
2036
805
2040
806
2044
807
2048
808
2052
809
2056
810
2060
811
2064
812
2068
813
2072
814
2076
815
2080
816
2084
817
2088
818
2092
819
2096
820
2100
821
2104
822
2108
823
2112
824
2116
825
2120
826
2124
827
2128
828
2132
829
2136
830
2140
831
2144
832
2148
833
2152
834
2156
835
2160
836
2164
837
2
2033
2
2037
2
2041
2
2045
2
2049
2
2053
2
2057
2
2061
2
2065
2
2069
2
2073
2
2077
2
2081
2
2085
2
2089
2
2093
2
2097
2
2101
2
2105
2
2109
2
2113
2
2117
2
2121
2
2125
2
2129
2
2133
2
2137
2
2141
2
2145
2
2149
2
2153
2
2157
2
2161
2
2165
2
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
11
12
22
21
35
1510

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1513
838
1517
839
1521
840
1525
841
1529
842
1533
843
1537
844
1541
845
1545
846
1549
847
1553
848
1557
849
1561
850
1565
851
1569
852
1573
853
1577
854
1581
855
1585
856
1589
857
1593
858
1597
859
1601
860
1605
861
1609
862
1613
863
1617
864
1621
865
1625
866
1629
867
1633
868
1637
869
1641
870
1645
871
1649
Altair Engineering
36
2
40
2
44
2
48
2
52
2
56
2
60
2
64
2
68
2
72
2
76
2
80
2
84
2
88
2
92
2
96
2
100
2
104
2
108
2
112
2
116
2
120
2
124
2
128
2
132
2
136
2
140
2
144
2
148
2
152
2
156
2
160
2
164
2
168
2
172
35
1510
1513
36
39
1514
39
1514
1517
40
43
1518
43
1518
1521
44
47
1522
47
1522
1525
48
51
1526
51
1526
1529
52
55
1530
55
1530
1533
56
59
1534
59
1534
1537
60
63
1538
63
1538
1541
64
67
1542
67
1542
1545
68
71
1546
71
1546
1549
72
75
1550
75
1550
1553
76
79
1554
79
1554
1557
80
83
1558
83
1558
1561
84
87
1562
87
1562
1565
88
91
1566
91
1566
1569
92
95
1570
95
1570
1573
96
99
1574
99
1574
1577
100
103
1578
103
1578
1581
104
107
1582
107
1582
1585
108
111
1586
111
1586
1589
112
115
1590
115
1590
1593
116
119
1594
119
1594
1597
120
123
1598
123
1598
1601
124
127
1602
127
1602
1605
128
131
1606
131
1606
1609
132
135
1610
135
1610
1613
136
139
1614
139
1614
1617
140
143
1618
143
1618
1621
144
147
1622
147
1622
1625
148
151
1626
151
1626
1629
152
155
1630
155
1630
1633
156
159
1634
159
1634
1637
160
163
1638
163
1638
1641
164
167
1642
167
1642
1645
168
171
1646

389
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
390
872
1653
873
1657
874
1661
875
1665
876
1669
877
1673
878
1677
959
2001
960
2005
961
2009
962
2013
963
2017
964
2021
965
2025
966
2029
967
2033
968
2037
969
2041
970
2045
971
2049
972
2053
973
2057
974
2061
975
2065
976
2069
977
2073
978
2077
979
2081
980
2085
981
2089
982
2093
983
2097
984
2101
985
2105
986
2
176
2
180
2
184
2
188
2
192
2
196
2
200
2
524
2
528
2
532
2
536
2
540
2
544
2
548
2
552
2
556
2
560
2
564
2
568
2
572
2
576
2
580
2
584
2
588
2
592
2
596
2
600
2
604
2
608
2
612
2
616
2
620
2
624
2
628
2
171
1646
1649
172
175
1650
175
1650
1653
176
179
1654
179
1654
1657
180
183
1658
183
1658
1661
184
187
1662
187
1662
1665
188
191
1666
191
1666
1669
192
195
1670
195
1670
1673
196
199
1674
199
1674
1677
200
523
1998
523
1998
2001
524
527
2002
527
2002
2005
528
531
2006
531
2006
2009
532
535
2010
535
2010
2013
536
539
2014
539
2014
2017
540
543
2018
543
2018
2021
544
547
2022
547
2022
2025
548
551
2026
551
2026
2029
552
555
2030
555
2030
2033
556
559
2034
559
2034
2037
560
563
2038
563
2038
2041
564
567
2042
567
2042
2045
568
571
2046
571
2046
2049
572
575
2050
575
2050
2053
576
579
2054
579
2054
2057
580
583
2058
583
2058
2061
584
587
2062
587
2062
2065
588
591
2066
591
2066
2069
592
595
2070
595
2070
2073
596
599
2074
599
2074
2077
600
603
2078
603
2078
2081
604
607
2082
607
2082
2085
608
611
2086
611
2086
2089
612
615
2090
615
2090
2093
616
619
2094
619
2094
2097
620
623
2098
623
2098
2101
624
627
2102
627
2102
2105
628
631
2106

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
2109
987
2113
988
2117
989
2121
990
2125
991
2129
992
2133
993
2137
994
2141
995
2145
996
2149
997
2153
998
2157
999
2161
1000
2165
1001
2166
1002
2168
1003
2170
1004
2172
1005
2174
1006
2176
1007
2178
1008
2180
1009
2182
1010
2184
1011
2186
1012
2188
1013
2190
1014
2192
1015
2194
1016
2196
1017
2198
1018
2200
1019
2202
1020
2204
Altair Engineering
632
2
636
2
640
2
644
2
648
2
652
2
656
2
660
2
664
2
668
2
672
2
676
2
680
2
684
2
688
2
2167
2
2169
2
2171
2
2173
2
2175
2
2177
2
2179
2
2181
2
2183
2
2185
2
2187
2
2189
2
2191
2
2193
2
2195
2
2197
2
2199
2
2201
2
2203
2
2205
631
2106
2109
632
635
2110
635
2110
2113
636
639
2114
639
2114
2117
640
643
2118
643
2118
2121
644
647
2122
647
2122
2125
648
651
2126
651
2126
2129
652
655
2130
655
2130
2133
656
659
2134
659
2134
2137
660
663
2138
663
2138
2141
664
667
2142
667
2142
2145
668
671
2146
671
2146
2149
672
675
2150
675
2150
2153
676
679
2154
679
2154
2157
680
683
2158
683
2158
2161
684
687
2162
22
14
15
16
1513
1512
1513
1512
2166
2167
1517
1516
1517
1516
2168
2169
1521
1520
1521
1520
2170
2171
1525
1524
1525
1524
2172
2173
1529
1528
1529
1528
2174
2175
1533
1532
1533
1532
2176
2177
1537
1536
1537
1536
2178
2179
1541
1540
1541
1540
2180
2181
1545
1544
1545
1544
2182
2183
1549
1548
1549
1548
2184
2185
1553
1552
1553
1552
2186
2187
1557
1556
1557
1556
2188
2189
1561
1560
1561
1560
2190
2191
1565
1564
1565
1564
2192
2193
1569
1568
1569
1568
2194
2195
1573
1572
1573
1572
2196
2197
1577
1576
1577
1576
2198
2199
1581
1580
1581
1580
2200
2201
1585
1584
1585
1584
2202
2203
1589
1588

391
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
392
1021
2206
1022
2208
1023
2210
1024
2212
1025
2214
1026
2216
1027
2218
1028
2220
1029
2222
1030
2224
1031
2226
1032
2228
1033
2230
1034
2232
1035
2234
1036
2236
1037
2238
1038
2240
1039
2242
1040
2244
1041
2246
1042
2248
1123
2410
1124
2412
1125
2414
1126
2416
1127
2418
1128
2420
1129
2422
1130
2424
1131
2426
1132
2428
1133
2430
1134
2432
1135
2
2207
2
2209
2
2211
2
2213
2
2215
2
2217
2
2219
2
2221
2
2223
2
2225
2
2227
2
2229
2
2231
2
2233
2
2235
2
2237
2
2239
2
2241
2
2243
2
2245
2
2247
2
2249
2
2411
2
2413
2
2415
2
2417
2
2419
2
2421
2
2423
2
2425
2
2427
2
2429
2
2431
2
2433
2
1589
1588
2204
2205
1593
1592
1593
1592
2206
2207
1597
1596
1597
1596
2208
2209
1601
1600
1601
1600
2210
2211
1605
1604
1605
1604
2212
2213
1609
1608
1609
1608
2214
2215
1613
1612
1613
1612
2216
2217
1617
1616
1617
1616
2218
2219
1621
1620
1621
1620
2220
2221
1625
1624
1625
1624
2222
2223
1629
1628
1629
1628
2224
2225
1633
1632
1633
1632
2226
2227
1637
1636
1637
1636
2228
2229
1641
1640
1641
1640
2230
2231
1645
1644
1645
1644
2232
2233
1649
1648
1649
1648
2234
2235
1653
1652
1653
1652
2236
2237
1657
1656
1657
1656
2238
2239
1661
1660
1661
1660
2240
2241
1665
1664
1665
1664
2242
2243
1669
1668
1669
1668
2244
2245
1673
1672
1673
1672
2246
2247
1677
1676
1677
1676
2248
2249
2001
2000
2001
2000
2410
2411
2005
2004
2005
2004
2412
2413
2009
2008
2009
2008
2414
2415
2013
2012
2013
2012
2416
2417
2017
2016
2017
2016
2418
2419
2021
2020
2021
2020
2420
2421
2025
2024
2025
2024
2422
2423
2029
2028
2029
2028
2424
2425
2033
2032
2033
2032
2426
2427
2037
2036
2037
2036
2428
2429
2041
2040
2041
2040
2430
2431
2045
2044
2045
2044
2432
2433
2049
2048

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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2434
1136
2436
1137
2438
1138
2440
1139
2442
1140
2444
1141
2446
1142
2448
1143
2450
1144
2452
1145
2454
1146
2456
1147
2458
1148
2460
1149
2462
1150
2464
1151
2466
1152
2468
1153
2470
1154
2472
1155
2474
1156
2476
1157
2478
1158
2480
1159
2482
1160
2484
1161
2486
1162
2488
1163
2490
1164
2492
1165
2167
1166
2169
1167
2171
1168
2173
1169
2175
Altair Engineering
2435
2
2437
2
2439
2
2441
2
2443
2
2445
2
2447
2
2449
2
2451
2
2453
2
2455
2
2457
2
2459
2
2461
2
2463
2
2465
2
2467
2
2469
2
2471
2
2473
2
2475
2
2477
2
2479
2
2481
2
2483
2
2485
2
2487
2
2489
2
2491
2
2493
2
1018
2
1020
2
1022
2
1024
2
1026
2049
2048
2434
2435
2053
2052
2053
2052
2436
2437
2057
2056
2057
2056
2438
2439
2061
2060
2061
2060
2440
2441
2065
2064
2065
2064
2442
2443
2069
2068
2069
2068
2444
2445
2073
2072
2073
2072
2446
2447
2077
2076
2077
2076
2448
2449
2081
2080
2081
2080
2450
2451
2085
2084
2085
2084
2452
2453
2089
2088
2089
2088
2454
2455
2093
2092
2093
2092
2456
2457
2097
2096
2097
2096
2458
2459
2101
2100
2101
2100
2460
2461
2105
2104
2105
2104
2462
2463
2109
2108
2109
2108
2464
2465
2113
2112
2113
2112
2466
2467
2117
2116
2117
2116
2468
2469
2121
2120
2121
2120
2470
2471
2125
2124
2125
2124
2472
2473
2129
2128
2129
2128
2474
2475
2133
2132
2133
2132
2476
2477
2137
2136
2137
2136
2478
2479
2141
2140
2141
2140
2480
2481
2145
2144
2145
2144
2482
2483
2149
2148
2149
2148
2484
2485
2153
2152
2153
2152
2486
2487
2157
2156
2157
2156
2488
2489
2161
2160
2161
2160
2490
2491
2165
2164
21
22
16
17
36
1513
36
1513
2167
1018
40
1517
40
1517
2169
1020
44
1521
44
1521
2171
1022
48
1525
48
1525
2173
1024
52
1529

393
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
394
1170
2177
1171
2179
1172
2181
1173
2183
1174
2185
1175
2187
1176
2189
1177
2191
1178
2193
1179
2195
1180
2197
1181
2199
1182
2201
1183
2203
1184
2205
1185
2207
1186
2209
1187
2211
1188
2213
1189
2215
1190
2217
1191
2219
1192
2221
1193
2223
1194
2225
1195
2227
1196
2229
1197
2231
1198
2233
1199
2235
1200
2237
1201
2239
1202
2241
1203
2243
1204
2
1028
2
1030
2
1032
2
1034
2
1036
2
1038
2
1040
2
1042
2
1044
2
1046
2
1048
2
1050
2
1052
2
1054
2
1056
2
1058
2
1060
2
1062
2
1064
2
1066
2
1068
2
1070
2
1072
2
1074
2
1076
2
1078
2
1080
2
1082
2
1084
2
1086
2
1088
2
1090
2
1092
2
1094
2
52
1529
2175
1026
56
1533
56
1533
2177
1028
60
1537
60
1537
2179
1030
64
1541
64
1541
2181
1032
68
1545
68
1545
2183
1034
72
1549
72
1549
2185
1036
76
1553
76
1553
2187
1038
80
1557
80
1557
2189
1040
84
1561
84
1561
2191
1042
88
1565
88
1565
2193
1044
92
1569
92
1569
2195
1046
96
1573
96
1573
2197
1048
100
1577
100
1577
2199
1050
104
1581
104
1581
2201
1052
108
1585
108
1585
2203
1054
112
1589
112
1589
2205
1056
116
1593
116
1593
2207
1058
120
1597
120
1597
2209
1060
124
1601
124
1601
2211
1062
128
1605
128
1605
2213
1064
132
1609
132
1609
2215
1066
136
1613
136
1613
2217
1068
140
1617
140
1617
2219
1070
144
1621
144
1621
2221
1072
148
1625
148
1625
2223
1074
152
1629
152
1629
2225
1076
156
1633
156
1633
2227
1078
160
1637
160
1637
2229
1080
164
1641
164
1641
2231
1082
168
1645
168
1645
2233
1084
172
1649
172
1649
2235
1086
176
1653
176
1653
2237
1088
180
1657
180
1657
2239
1090
184
1661
184
1661
2241
1092
188
1665
188
1665
2243
1094
192
1669

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
2245
1205
2247
1206
2249
1287
2411
1288
2413
1289
2415
1290
2417
1291
2419
1292
2421
1293
2423
1294
2425
1295
2427
1296
2429
1297
2431
1298
2433
1299
2435
1300
2437
1301
2439
1302
2441
1303
2443
1304
2445
1305
2447
1306
2449
1307
2451
1308
2453
1309
2455
1310
2457
1311
2459
1312
2461
1313
2463
1314
2465
1315
2467
1316
2469
1317
2471
1318
2473
Altair Engineering
1096
2
1098
2
1100
2
1262
2
1264
2
1266
2
1268
2
1270
2
1272
2
1274
2
1276
2
1278
2
1280
2
1282
2
1284
2
1286
2
1288
2
1290
2
1292
2
1294
2
1296
2
1298
2
1300
2
1302
2
1304
2
1306
2
1308
2
1310
2
1312
2
1314
2
1316
2
1318
2
1320
2
1322
2
1324
192
1669
2245
1096
196
1673
196
1673
2247
1098
200
1677
200
1677
2249
1100
524
2001
524
2001
2411
1262
528
2005
528
2005
2413
1264
532
2009
532
2009
2415
1266
536
2013
536
2013
2417
1268
540
2017
540
2017
2419
1270
544
2021
544
2021
2421
1272
548
2025
548
2025
2423
1274
552
2029
552
2029
2425
1276
556
2033
556
2033
2427
1278
560
2037
560
2037
2429
1280
564
2041
564
2041
2431
1282
568
2045
568
2045
2433
1284
572
2049
572
2049
2435
1286
576
2053
576
2053
2437
1288
580
2057
580
2057
2439
1290
584
2061
584
2061
2441
1292
588
2065
588
2065
2443
1294
592
2069
592
2069
2445
1296
596
2073
596
2073
2447
1298
600
2077
600
2077
2449
1300
604
2081
604
2081
2451
1302
608
2085
608
2085
2453
1304
612
2089
612
2089
2455
1306
616
2093
616
2093
2457
1308
620
2097
620
2097
2459
1310
624
2101
624
2101
2461
1312
628
2105
628
2105
2463
1314
632
2109
632
2109
2465
1316
636
2113
636
2113
2467
1318
640
2117
640
2117
2469
1320
644
2121
644
2121
2471
1322
648
2125

395
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
396
1319
2475
1320
2477
1321
2479
1322
2481
1323
2483
1324
2485
1325
2487
1326
2489
1327
2491
1328
2493
1329
35
1330
39
1331
43
1332
47
1333
51
1334
55
1335
59
1336
63
1337
67
1338
71
1339
75
1340
79
1341
83
1342
87
1343
91
1344
95
1345
99
1346
103
1347
107
1348
111
1349
115
1350
119
1351
123
1352
127
1353
2
1326
2
1328
2
1330
2
1332
2
1334
2
1336
2
1338
2
1340
2
1342
2
1344
2
2495
2
2497
2
2499
2
2501
2
2503
2
2505
2
2507
2
2509
2
2511
2
2513
2
2515
2
2517
2
2519
2
2521
2
2523
2
2525
2
2527
2
2529
2
2531
2
2533
2
2535
2
2537
2
2539
2
2541
2
648
2125
2473
1324
652
2129
652
2129
2475
1326
656
2133
656
2133
2477
1328
660
2137
660
2137
2479
1330
664
2141
664
2141
2481
1332
668
2145
668
2145
2483
1334
672
2149
672
2149
2485
1336
676
2153
676
2153
2487
1338
680
2157
680
2157
2489
1340
684
2161
684
2161
2491
1342
688
2165
33
12
11
31
2494
1510
2494
1510
35
2495
2496
1514
2496
1514
39
2497
2498
1518
2498
1518
43
2499
2500
1522
2500
1522
47
2501
2502
1526
2502
1526
51
2503
2504
1530
2504
1530
55
2505
2506
1534
2506
1534
59
2507
2508
1538
2508
1538
63
2509
2510
1542
2510
1542
67
2511
2512
1546
2512
1546
71
2513
2514
1550
2514
1550
75
2515
2516
1554
2516
1554
79
2517
2518
1558
2518
1558
83
2519
2520
1562
2520
1562
87
2521
2522
1566
2522
1566
91
2523
2524
1570
2524
1570
95
2525
2526
1574
2526
1574
99
2527
2528
1578
2528
1578
103
2529
2530
1582
2530
1582
107
2531
2532
1586
2532
1586
111
2533
2534
1590
2534
1590
115
2535
2536
1594
2536
1594
119
2537
2538
1598
2538
1598
123
2539
2540
1602
2540
1602
127
2541
2542
1606

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
131
1354
135
1355
139
1356
143
1357
147
1358
151
1359
155
1360
159
1361
163
1362
167
1363
171
1364
175
1365
179
1366
183
1367
187
1368
191
1369
195
1370
199
1451
523
1452
527
1453
531
1454
535
1455
539
1456
543
1457
547
1458
551
1459
555
1460
559
1461
563
1462
567
1463
571
1464
575
1465
579
1466
583
1467
587
Altair Engineering
2543
2
2545
2
2547
2
2549
2
2551
2
2553
2
2555
2
2557
2
2559
2
2561
2
2563
2
2565
2
2567
2
2569
2
2571
2
2573
2
2575
2
2577
2
2739
2
2741
2
2743
2
2745
2
2747
2
2749
2
2751
2
2753
2
2755
2
2757
2
2759
2
2761
2
2763
2
2765
2
2767
2
2769
2
2771
2542
1606
131
2543
2544
1610
2544
1610
135
2545
2546
1614
2546
1614
139
2547
2548
1618
2548
1618
143
2549
2550
1622
2550
1622
147
2551
2552
1626
2552
1626
151
2553
2554
1630
2554
1630
155
2555
2556
1634
2556
1634
159
2557
2558
1638
2558
1638
163
2559
2560
1642
2560
1642
167
2561
2562
1646
2562
1646
171
2563
2564
1650
2564
1650
175
2565
2566
1654
2566
1654
179
2567
2568
1658
2568
1658
183
2569
2570
1662
2570
1662
187
2571
2572
1666
2572
1666
191
2573
2574
1670
2574
1670
195
2575
2576
1674
2576
1674
199
2577
2738
1998
2738
1998
523
2739
2740
2002
2740
2002
527
2741
2742
2006
2742
2006
531
2743
2744
2010
2744
2010
535
2745
2746
2014
2746
2014
539
2747
2748
2018
2748
2018
543
2749
2750
2022
2750
2022
547
2751
2752
2026
2752
2026
551
2753
2754
2030
2754
2030
555
2755
2756
2034
2756
2034
559
2757
2758
2038
2758
2038
563
2759
2760
2042
2760
2042
567
2761
2762
2046
2762
2046
571
2763
2764
2050
2764
2050
575
2765
2766
2054
2766
2054
579
2767
2768
2058
2768
2058
583
2769
2770
2062

397
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
398
1468
591
1469
595
1470
599
1471
603
1472
607
1473
611
1474
615
1475
619
1476
623
1477
627
1478
631
1479
635
1480
639
1481
643
1482
647
1483
651
1484
655
1485
659
1486
663
1487
667
1488
671
1489
675
1490
679
1491
683
1492
687
1493
1510
1494
1514
1495
1518
1496
1522
1497
1526
1498
1530
1499
1534
1500
1538
1501
1542
1502
2
2773
2
2775
2
2777
2
2779
2
2781
2
2783
2
2785
2
2787
2
2789
2
2791
2
2793
2
2795
2
2797
2
2799
2
2801
2
2803
2
2805
2
2807
2
2809
2
2811
2
2813
2
2815
2
2817
2
2819
2
2821
2
2494
2
2496
2
2498
2
2500
2
2502
2
2504
2
2506
2
2508
2
2510
2
2770
2062
587
2771
2772
2066
2772
2066
591
2773
2774
2070
2774
2070
595
2775
2776
2074
2776
2074
599
2777
2778
2078
2778
2078
603
2779
2780
2082
2780
2082
607
2781
2782
2086
2782
2086
611
2783
2784
2090
2784
2090
615
2785
2786
2094
2786
2094
619
2787
2788
2098
2788
2098
623
2789
2790
2102
2790
2102
627
2791
2792
2106
2792
2106
631
2793
2794
2110
2794
2110
635
2795
2796
2114
2796
2114
639
2797
2798
2118
2798
2118
643
2799
2800
2122
2800
2122
647
2801
2802
2126
2802
2126
651
2803
2804
2130
2804
2130
655
2805
2806
2134
2806
2134
659
2807
2808
2138
2808
2138
663
2809
2810
2142
2810
2142
667
2811
2812
2146
2812
2146
671
2813
2814
2150
2814
2150
675
2815
2816
2154
2816
2154
679
2817
2818
2158
2818
2158
683
2819
2820
2162
30
13
12
33
2822
1511
2822
1511
1510
2494
2823
1515
2823
1515
1514
2496
2824
1519
2824
1519
1518
2498
2825
1523
2825
1523
1522
2500
2826
1527
2826
1527
1526
2502
2827
1531
2827
1531
1530
2504
2828
1535
2828
1535
1534
2506
2829
1539
2829
1539
1538
2508
2830
1543
2830
1543
1542
2510
2831
1547

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1546
1503
1550
1504
1554
1505
1558
1506
1562
1507
1566
1508
1570
1509
1574
1510
1578
1511
1582
1512
1586
1513
1590
1514
1594
1515
1598
1516
1602
1517
1606
1518
1610
1519
1614
1520
1618
1521
1622
1522
1626
1523
1630
1524
1634
1525
1638
1526
1642
1527
1646
1528
1650
1529
1654
1530
1658
1531
1662
1532
1666
1533
1670
1534
1674
1615
1998
1616
2002
Altair Engineering
2512
2
2514
2
2516
2
2518
2
2520
2
2522
2
2524
2
2526
2
2528
2
2530
2
2532
2
2534
2
2536
2
2538
2
2540
2
2542
2
2544
2
2546
2
2548
2
2550
2
2552
2
2554
2
2556
2
2558
2
2560
2
2562
2
2564
2
2566
2
2568
2
2570
2
2572
2
2574
2
2576
2
2738
2
2740
2831
1547
1546
2512
2832
1551
2832
1551
1550
2514
2833
1555
2833
1555
1554
2516
2834
1559
2834
1559
1558
2518
2835
1563
2835
1563
1562
2520
2836
1567
2836
1567
1566
2522
2837
1571
2837
1571
1570
2524
2838
1575
2838
1575
1574
2526
2839
1579
2839
1579
1578
2528
2840
1583
2840
1583
1582
2530
2841
1587
2841
1587
1586
2532
2842
1591
2842
1591
1590
2534
2843
1595
2843
1595
1594
2536
2844
1599
2844
1599
1598
2538
2845
1603
2845
1603
1602
2540
2846
1607
2846
1607
1606
2542
2847
1611
2847
1611
1610
2544
2848
1615
2848
1615
1614
2546
2849
1619
2849
1619
1618
2548
2850
1623
2850
1623
1622
2550
2851
1627
2851
1627
1626
2552
2852
1631
2852
1631
1630
2554
2853
1635
2853
1635
1634
2556
2854
1639
2854
1639
1638
2558
2855
1643
2855
1643
1642
2560
2856
1647
2856
1647
1646
2562
2857
1651
2857
1651
1650
2564
2858
1655
2858
1655
1654
2566
2859
1659
2859
1659
1658
2568
2860
1663
2860
1663
1662
2570
2861
1667
2861
1667
1666
2572
2862
1671
2862
1671
1670
2574
2863
1675
2863
1675
1674
2576
2944
1999
2944
1999
1998
2738
2945
2003

399
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
400
1617
2006
1618
2010
1619
2014
1620
2018
1621
2022
1622
2026
1623
2030
1624
2034
1625
2038
1626
2042
1627
2046
1628
2050
1629
2054
1630
2058
1631
2062
1632
2066
1633
2070
1634
2074
1635
2078
1636
2082
1637
2086
1638
2090
1639
2094
1640
2098
1641
2102
1642
2106
1643
2110
1644
2114
1645
2118
1646
2122
1647
2126
1648
2130
1649
2134
1650
2138
1651
2
2742
2
2744
2
2746
2
2748
2
2750
2
2752
2
2754
2
2756
2
2758
2
2760
2
2762
2
2764
2
2766
2
2768
2
2770
2
2772
2
2774
2
2776
2
2778
2
2780
2
2782
2
2784
2
2786
2
2788
2
2790
2
2792
2
2794
2
2796
2
2798
2
2800
2
2802
2
2804
2
2806
2
2808
2
2945
2003
2002
2740
2946
2007
2946
2007
2006
2742
2947
2011
2947
2011
2010
2744
2948
2015
2948
2015
2014
2746
2949
2019
2949
2019
2018
2748
2950
2023
2950
2023
2022
2750
2951
2027
2951
2027
2026
2752
2952
2031
2952
2031
2030
2754
2953
2035
2953
2035
2034
2756
2954
2039
2954
2039
2038
2758
2955
2043
2955
2043
2042
2760
2956
2047
2956
2047
2046
2762
2957
2051
2957
2051
2050
2764
2958
2055
2958
2055
2054
2766
2959
2059
2959
2059
2058
2768
2960
2063
2960
2063
2062
2770
2961
2067
2961
2067
2066
2772
2962
2071
2962
2071
2070
2774
2963
2075
2963
2075
2074
2776
2964
2079
2964
2079
2078
2778
2965
2083
2965
2083
2082
2780
2966
2087
2966
2087
2086
2782
2967
2091
2967
2091
2090
2784
2968
2095
2968
2095
2094
2786
2969
2099
2969
2099
2098
2788
2970
2103
2970
2103
2102
2790
2971
2107
2971
2107
2106
2792
2972
2111
2972
2111
2110
2794
2973
2115
2973
2115
2114
2796
2974
2119
2974
2119
2118
2798
2975
2123
2975
2123
2122
2800
2976
2127
2976
2127
2126
2802
2977
2131
2977
2131
2130
2804
2978
2135
2978
2135
2134
2806
2979
2139
2979
2139
2138
2808
2980
2143

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
2142
1652
2146
1653
2150
1654
2154
1655
2158
1656
2162
1657
2495
1658
2497
1659
2499
1660
2501
1661
2503
1662
2505
1663
2507
1664
2509
1665
2511
1666
2513
1667
2515
1668
2517
1669
2519
1670
2521
1671
2523
1672
2525
1673
2527
1674
2529
1675
2531
1676
2533
1677
2535
1678
2537
1679
2539
1680
2541
1681
2543
1682
2545
1683
2547
1684
2549
1685
2551
Altair Engineering
2810
2
2812
2
2814
2
2816
2
2818
2
2820
2
2987
2
2989
2
2991
2
2993
2
2995
2
2997
2
2999
2
3001
2
3003
2
3005
2
3007
2
3009
2
3011
2
3013
2
3015
2
3017
2
3019
2
3021
2
3023
2
3025
2
3027
2
3029
2
3031
2
3033
2
3035
2
3037
2
3039
2
3041
2
3043
2980
2143
2142
2810
2981
2147
2981
2147
2146
2812
2982
2151
2982
2151
2150
2814
2983
2155
2983
2155
2154
2816
2984
2159
2984
2159
2158
2818
2985
2163
28
33
31
27
2986
2494
2986
2494
2495
2987
2988
2496
2988
2496
2497
2989
2990
2498
2990
2498
2499
2991
2992
2500
2992
2500
2501
2993
2994
2502
2994
2502
2503
2995
2996
2504
2996
2504
2505
2997
2998
2506
2998
2506
2507
2999
3000
2508
3000
2508
2509
3001
3002
2510
3002
2510
2511
3003
3004
2512
3004
2512
2513
3005
3006
2514
3006
2514
2515
3007
3008
2516
3008
2516
2517
3009
3010
2518
3010
2518
2519
3011
3012
2520
3012
2520
2521
3013
3014
2522
3014
2522
2523
3015
3016
2524
3016
2524
2525
3017
3018
2526
3018
2526
2527
3019
3020
2528
3020
2528
2529
3021
3022
2530
3022
2530
2531
3023
3024
2532
3024
2532
2533
3025
3026
2534
3026
2534
2535
3027
3028
2536
3028
2536
2537
3029
3030
2538
3030
2538
2539
3031
3032
2540
3032
2540
2541
3033
3034
2542
3034
2542
2543
3035
3036
2544
3036
2544
2545
3037
3038
2546
3038
2546
2547
3039
3040
2548
3040
2548
2549
3041
3042
2550

401
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
402
1686
2553
1687
2555
1688
2557
1689
2559
1690
2561
1691
2563
1692
2565
1693
2567
1694
2569
1695
2571
1696
2573
1697
2575
1698
2577
1779
2739
1780
2741
1781
2743
1782
2745
1783
2747
1784
2749
1785
2751
1786
2753
1787
2755
1788
2757
1789
2759
1790
2761
1791
2763
1792
2765
1793
2767
1794
2769
1795
2771
1796
2773
1797
2775
1798
2777
1799
2779
1800
2
3045
2
3047
2
3049
2
3051
2
3053
2
3055
2
3057
2
3059
2
3061
2
3063
2
3065
2
3067
2
3069
2
3231
2
3233
2
3235
2
3237
2
3239
2
3241
2
3243
2
3245
2
3247
2
3249
2
3251
2
3253
2
3255
2
3257
2
3259
2
3261
2
3263
2
3265
2
3267
2
3269
2
3271
2
3042
2550
2551
3043
3044
2552
3044
2552
2553
3045
3046
2554
3046
2554
2555
3047
3048
2556
3048
2556
2557
3049
3050
2558
3050
2558
2559
3051
3052
2560
3052
2560
2561
3053
3054
2562
3054
2562
2563
3055
3056
2564
3056
2564
2565
3057
3058
2566
3058
2566
2567
3059
3060
2568
3060
2568
2569
3061
3062
2570
3062
2570
2571
3063
3064
2572
3064
2572
2573
3065
3066
2574
3066
2574
2575
3067
3068
2576
3068
2576
2577
3069
3230
2738
3230
2738
2739
3231
3232
2740
3232
2740
2741
3233
3234
2742
3234
2742
2743
3235
3236
2744
3236
2744
2745
3237
3238
2746
3238
2746
2747
3239
3240
2748
3240
2748
2749
3241
3242
2750
3242
2750
2751
3243
3244
2752
3244
2752
2753
3245
3246
2754
3246
2754
2755
3247
3248
2756
3248
2756
2757
3249
3250
2758
3250
2758
2759
3251
3252
2760
3252
2760
2761
3253
3254
2762
3254
2762
2763
3255
3256
2764
3256
2764
2765
3257
3258
2766
3258
2766
2767
3259
3260
2768
3260
2768
2769
3261
3262
2770
3262
2770
2771
3263
3264
2772
3264
2772
2773
3265
3266
2774
3266
2774
2775
3267
3268
2776
3268
2776
2777
3269
3270
2778
3270
2778
2779
3271
3272
2780

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
2781
1801
2783
1802
2785
1803
2787
1804
2789
1805
2791
1806
2793
1807
2795
1808
2797
1809
2799
1810
2801
1811
2803
1812
2805
1813
2807
1814
2809
1815
2811
1816
2813
1817
2815
1818
2817
1819
2819
1820
2821
1821
2494
1822
2496
1823
2498
1824
2500
1825
2502
1826
2504
1827
2506
1828
2508
1829
2510
1830
2512
1831
2514
1832
2516
1833
2518
1834
2520
Altair Engineering
3273
2
3275
2
3277
2
3279
2
3281
2
3283
2
3285
2
3287
2
3289
2
3291
2
3293
2
3295
2
3297
2
3299
2
3301
2
3303
2
3305
2
3307
2
3309
2
3311
2
3313
2
2986
2
2988
2
2990
2
2992
2
2994
2
2996
2
2998
2
3000
2
3002
2
3004
2
3006
2
3008
2
3010
2
3012
3272
2780
2781
3273
3274
2782
3274
2782
2783
3275
3276
2784
3276
2784
2785
3277
3278
2786
3278
2786
2787
3279
3280
2788
3280
2788
2789
3281
3282
2790
3282
2790
2791
3283
3284
2792
3284
2792
2793
3285
3286
2794
3286
2794
2795
3287
3288
2796
3288
2796
2797
3289
3290
2798
3290
2798
2799
3291
3292
2800
3292
2800
2801
3293
3294
2802
3294
2802
2803
3295
3296
2804
3296
2804
2805
3297
3298
2806
3298
2806
2807
3299
3300
2808
3300
2808
2809
3301
3302
2810
3302
2810
2811
3303
3304
2812
3304
2812
2813
3305
3306
2814
3306
2814
2815
3307
3308
2816
3308
2816
2817
3309
3310
2818
3310
2818
2819
3311
3312
2820
29
30
33
28
3314
2822
3314
2822
2494
2986
3315
2823
3315
2823
2496
2988
3316
2824
3316
2824
2498
2990
3317
2825
3317
2825
2500
2992
3318
2826
3318
2826
2502
2994
3319
2827
3319
2827
2504
2996
3320
2828
3320
2828
2506
2998
3321
2829
3321
2829
2508
3000
3322
2830
3322
2830
2510
3002
3323
2831
3323
2831
2512
3004
3324
2832
3324
2832
2514
3006
3325
2833
3325
2833
2516
3008
3326
2834
3326
2834
2518
3010
3327
2835

403
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
404
1835
2522
1836
2524
1837
2526
1838
2528
1839
2530
1840
2532
1841
2534
1842
2536
1843
2538
1844
2540
1845
2542
1846
2544
1847
2546
1848
2548
1849
2550
1850
2552
1851
2554
1852
2556
1853
2558
1854
2560
1855
2562
1856
2564
1857
2566
1858
2568
1859
2570
1860
2572
1861
2574
1862
2576
1943
2738
1944
2740
1945
2742
1946
2744
1947
2746
1948
2748
1949
2
3014
2
3016
2
3018
2
3020
2
3022
2
3024
2
3026
2
3028
2
3030
2
3032
2
3034
2
3036
2
3038
2
3040
2
3042
2
3044
2
3046
2
3048
2
3050
2
3052
2
3054
2
3056
2
3058
2
3060
2
3062
2
3064
2
3066
2
3068
2
3230
2
3232
2
3234
2
3236
2
3238
2
3240
2
3327
2835
2520
3012
3328
2836
3328
2836
2522
3014
3329
2837
3329
2837
2524
3016
3330
2838
3330
2838
2526
3018
3331
2839
3331
2839
2528
3020
3332
2840
3332
2840
2530
3022
3333
2841
3333
2841
2532
3024
3334
2842
3334
2842
2534
3026
3335
2843
3335
2843
2536
3028
3336
2844
3336
2844
2538
3030
3337
2845
3337
2845
2540
3032
3338
2846
3338
2846
2542
3034
3339
2847
3339
2847
2544
3036
3340
2848
3340
2848
2546
3038
3341
2849
3341
2849
2548
3040
3342
2850
3342
2850
2550
3042
3343
2851
3343
2851
2552
3044
3344
2852
3344
2852
2554
3046
3345
2853
3345
2853
2556
3048
3346
2854
3346
2854
2558
3050
3347
2855
3347
2855
2560
3052
3348
2856
3348
2856
2562
3054
3349
2857
3349
2857
2564
3056
3350
2858
3350
2858
2566
3058
3351
2859
3351
2859
2568
3060
3352
2860
3352
2860
2570
3062
3353
2861
3353
2861
2572
3064
3354
2862
3354
2862
2574
3066
3355
2863
3355
2863
2576
3068
3436
2944
3436
2944
2738
3230
3437
2945
3437
2945
2740
3232
3438
2946
3438
2946
2742
3234
3439
2947
3439
2947
2744
3236
3440
2948
3440
2948
2746
3238
3441
2949
3441
2949
2748
3240
3442
2950

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
2750
1950
2752
1951
2754
1952
2756
1953
2758
1954
2760
1955
2762
1956
2764
1957
2766
1958
2768
1959
2770
1960
2772
1961
2774
1962
2776
1963
2778
1964
2780
1965
2782
1966
2784
1967
2786
1968
2788
1969
2790
1970
2792
1971
2794
1972
2796
1973
2798
1974
2800
1975
2802
1976
2804
1977
2806
1978
2808
1979
2810
1980
2812
1981
2814
1982
2816
1983
2818
Altair Engineering
3242
2
3244
2
3246
2
3248
2
3250
2
3252
2
3254
2
3256
2
3258
2
3260
2
3262
2
3264
2
3266
2
3268
2
3270
2
3272
2
3274
2
3276
2
3278
2
3280
2
3282
2
3284
2
3286
2
3288
2
3290
2
3292
2
3294
2
3296
2
3298
2
3300
2
3302
2
3304
2
3306
2
3308
2
3310
3442
2950
2750
3242
3443
2951
3443
2951
2752
3244
3444
2952
3444
2952
2754
3246
3445
2953
3445
2953
2756
3248
3446
2954
3446
2954
2758
3250
3447
2955
3447
2955
2760
3252
3448
2956
3448
2956
2762
3254
3449
2957
3449
2957
2764
3256
3450
2958
3450
2958
2766
3258
3451
2959
3451
2959
2768
3260
3452
2960
3452
2960
2770
3262
3453
2961
3453
2961
2772
3264
3454
2962
3454
2962
2774
3266
3455
2963
3455
2963
2776
3268
3456
2964
3456
2964
2778
3270
3457
2965
3457
2965
2780
3272
3458
2966
3458
2966
2782
3274
3459
2967
3459
2967
2784
3276
3460
2968
3460
2968
2786
3278
3461
2969
3461
2969
2788
3280
3462
2970
3462
2970
2790
3282
3463
2971
3463
2971
2792
3284
3464
2972
3464
2972
2794
3286
3465
2973
3465
2973
2796
3288
3466
2974
3466
2974
2798
3290
3467
2975
3467
2975
2800
3292
3468
2976
3468
2976
2802
3294
3469
2977
3469
2977
2804
3296
3470
2978
3470
2978
2806
3298
3471
2979
3471
2979
2808
3300
3472
2980
3472
2980
2810
3302
3473
2981
3473
2981
2812
3304
3474
2982
3474
2982
2814
3306
3475
2983
3475
2983
2816
3308
3476
2984

405
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
406
1984
2820
1985
690
1986
692
1987
694
1988
696
1989
698
1990
700
1991
702
1992
704
1993
706
1994
708
1995
710
1996
712
1997
714
1998
716
1999
718
2000
720
2001
722
2002
724
2003
726
2004
728
2005
730
2006
732
2007
734
2008
736
2009
738
2010
740
2011
742
2012
744
2013
746
2014
748
2015
750
2016
752
2017
754
2018
2
3312
2
3479
2
3481
2
3483
2
3485
2
3487
2
3489
2
3491
2
3493
2
3495
2
3497
2
3499
2
3501
2
3503
2
3505
2
3507
2
3509
2
3511
2
3513
2
3515
2
3517
2
3519
2
3521
2
3523
2
3525
2
3527
2
3529
2
3531
2
3533
2
3535
2
3537
2
3539
2
3541
2
3543
2
3476
2984
2818
3310
3477
2985
32
10
24
3478
34
3478
34
690
3479
3480
38
3480
38
692
3481
3482
42
3482
42
694
3483
3484
46
3484
46
696
3485
3486
50
3486
50
698
3487
3488
54
3488
54
700
3489
3490
58
3490
58
702
3491
3492
62
3492
62
704
3493
3494
66
3494
66
706
3495
3496
70
3496
70
708
3497
3498
74
3498
74
710
3499
3500
78
3500
78
712
3501
3502
82
3502
82
714
3503
3504
86
3504
86
716
3505
3506
90
3506
90
718
3507
3508
94
3508
94
720
3509
3510
98
3510
98
722
3511
3512
102
3512
102
724
3513
3514
106
3514
106
726
3515
3516
110
3516
110
728
3517
3518
114
3518
114
730
3519
3520
118
3520
118
732
3521
3522
122
3522
122
734
3523
3524
126
3524
126
736
3525
3526
130
3526
130
738
3527
3528
134
3528
134
740
3529
3530
138
3530
138
742
3531
3532
142
3532
142
744
3533
3534
146
3534
146
746
3535
3536
150
3536
150
748
3537
3538
154
3538
154
750
3539
3540
158
3540
158
752
3541
3542
162
3542
162
754
3543
3544
166

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
756
2019
758
2020
760
2021
762
2022
764
2023
766
2024
768
2025
770
2026
772
2107
934
2108
936
2109
938
2110
940
2111
942
2112
944
2113
946
2114
948
2115
950
2116
952
2117
954
2118
956
2119
958
2120
960
2121
962
2122
964
2123
966
2124
968
2125
970
2126
972
2127
974
2128
976
2129
978
2130
980
2131
982
2132
984
Altair Engineering
3545
2
3547
2
3549
2
3551
2
3553
2
3555
2
3557
2
3559
2
3561
2
3723
2
3725
2
3727
2
3729
2
3731
2
3733
2
3735
2
3737
2
3739
2
3741
2
3743
2
3745
2
3747
2
3749
2
3751
2
3753
2
3755
2
3757
2
3759
2
3761
2
3763
2
3765
2
3767
2
3769
2
3771
2
3773
3544
166
756
3545
3546
170
3546
170
758
3547
3548
174
3548
174
760
3549
3550
178
3550
178
762
3551
3552
182
3552
182
764
3553
3554
186
3554
186
766
3555
3556
190
3556
190
768
3557
3558
194
3558
194
770
3559
3560
198
3560
198
772
3561
3722
522
3722
522
934
3723
3724
526
3724
526
936
3725
3726
530
3726
530
938
3727
3728
534
3728
534
940
3729
3730
538
3730
538
942
3731
3732
542
3732
542
944
3733
3734
546
3734
546
946
3735
3736
550
3736
550
948
3737
3738
554
3738
554
950
3739
3740
558
3740
558
952
3741
3742
562
3742
562
954
3743
3744
566
3744
566
956
3745
3746
570
3746
570
958
3747
3748
574
3748
574
960
3749
3750
578
3750
578
962
3751
3752
582
3752
582
964
3753
3754
586
3754
586
966
3755
3756
590
3756
590
968
3757
3758
594
3758
594
970
3759
3760
598
3760
598
972
3761
3762
602
3762
602
974
3763
3764
606
3764
606
976
3765
3766
610
3766
610
978
3767
3768
614
3768
614
980
3769
3770
618
3770
618
982
3771
3772
622

407
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
408
2133
986
2134
988
2135
990
2136
992
2137
994
2138
996
2139
998
2140
1000
2141
1002
2142
1004
2143
1006
2144
1008
2145
1010
2146
1012
2147
1014
2148
1016
2149
34
2150
38
2151
42
2152
46
2153
50
2154
54
2155
58
2156
62
2157
66
2158
70
2159
74
2160
78
2161
82
2162
86
2163
90
2164
94
2165
98
2166
102
2167
2
3775
2
3777
2
3779
2
3781
2
3783
2
3785
2
3787
2
3789
2
3791
2
3793
2
3795
2
3797
2
3799
2
3801
2
3803
2
3805
2
3478
2
3480
2
3482
2
3484
2
3486
2
3488
2
3490
2
3492
2
3494
2
3496
2
3498
2
3500
2
3502
2
3504
2
3506
2
3508
2
3510
2
3512
2
3772
622
984
3773
3774
626
3774
626
986
3775
3776
630
3776
630
988
3777
3778
634
3778
634
990
3779
3780
638
3780
638
992
3781
3782
642
3782
642
994
3783
3784
646
3784
646
996
3785
3786
650
3786
650
998
3787
3788
654
3788
654
1000
3789
3790
658
3790
658
1002
3791
3792
662
3792
662
1004
3793
3794
666
3794
666
1006
3795
3796
670
3796
670
1008
3797
3798
674
3798
674
1010
3799
3800
678
3800
678
1012
3801
3802
682
3802
682
1014
3803
3804
686
31
11
10
32
2495
35
2495
35
34
3478
2497
39
2497
39
38
3480
2499
43
2499
43
42
3482
2501
47
2501
47
46
3484
2503
51
2503
51
50
3486
2505
55
2505
55
54
3488
2507
59
2507
59
58
3490
2509
63
2509
63
62
3492
2511
67
2511
67
66
3494
2513
71
2513
71
70
3496
2515
75
2515
75
74
3498
2517
79
2517
79
78
3500
2519
83
2519
83
82
3502
2521
87
2521
87
86
3504
2523
91
2523
91
90
3506
2525
95
2525
95
94
3508
2527
99
2527
99
98
3510
2529
103
2529
103
102
3512
2531
107

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
106
2168
110
2169
114
2170
118
2171
122
2172
126
2173
130
2174
134
2175
138
2176
142
2177
146
2178
150
2179
154
2180
158
2181
162
2182
166
2183
170
2184
174
2185
178
2186
182
2187
186
2188
190
2189
194
2190
198
2271
522
2272
526
2273
530
2274
534
2275
538
2276
542
2277
546
2278
550
2279
554
2280
558
2281
562
Altair Engineering
3514
2
3516
2
3518
2
3520
2
3522
2
3524
2
3526
2
3528
2
3530
2
3532
2
3534
2
3536
2
3538
2
3540
2
3542
2
3544
2
3546
2
3548
2
3550
2
3552
2
3554
2
3556
2
3558
2
3560
2
3722
2
3724
2
3726
2
3728
2
3730
2
3732
2
3734
2
3736
2
3738
2
3740
2
3742
2531
107
106
3514
2533
111
2533
111
110
3516
2535
115
2535
115
114
3518
2537
119
2537
119
118
3520
2539
123
2539
123
122
3522
2541
127
2541
127
126
3524
2543
131
2543
131
130
3526
2545
135
2545
135
134
3528
2547
139
2547
139
138
3530
2549
143
2549
143
142
3532
2551
147
2551
147
146
3534
2553
151
2553
151
150
3536
2555
155
2555
155
154
3538
2557
159
2557
159
158
3540
2559
163
2559
163
162
3542
2561
167
2561
167
166
3544
2563
171
2563
171
170
3546
2565
175
2565
175
174
3548
2567
179
2567
179
178
3550
2569
183
2569
183
182
3552
2571
187
2571
187
186
3554
2573
191
2573
191
190
3556
2575
195
2575
195
194
3558
2577
199
2577
199
198
3560
2739
523
2739
523
522
3722
2741
527
2741
527
526
3724
2743
531
2743
531
530
3726
2745
535
2745
535
534
3728
2747
539
2747
539
538
3730
2749
543
2749
543
542
3732
2751
547
2751
547
546
3734
2753
551
2753
551
550
3736
2755
555
2755
555
554
3738
2757
559
2757
559
558
3740
2759
563

409
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
410
2282
566
2283
570
2284
574
2285
578
2286
582
2287
586
2288
590
2289
594
2290
598
2291
602
2292
606
2293
610
2294
614
2295
618
2296
622
2297
626
2298
630
2299
634
2300
638
2301
642
2302
646
2303
650
2304
654
2305
658
2306
662
2307
666
2308
670
2309
674
2310
678
2311
682
2312
686
2313
3479
2314
3481
2315
3483
2316
2
3744
2
3746
2
3748
2
3750
2
3752
2
3754
2
3756
2
3758
2
3760
2
3762
2
3764
2
3766
2
3768
2
3770
2
3772
2
3774
2
3776
2
3778
2
3780
2
3782
2
3784
2
3786
2
3788
2
3790
2
3792
2
3794
2
3796
2
3798
2
3800
2
3802
2
3804
2
3807
2
3809
2
3811
2
2759
563
562
3742
2761
567
2761
567
566
3744
2763
571
2763
571
570
3746
2765
575
2765
575
574
3748
2767
579
2767
579
578
3750
2769
583
2769
583
582
3752
2771
587
2771
587
586
3754
2773
591
2773
591
590
3756
2775
595
2775
595
594
3758
2777
599
2777
599
598
3760
2779
603
2779
603
602
3762
2781
607
2781
607
606
3764
2783
611
2783
611
610
3766
2785
615
2785
615
614
3768
2787
619
2787
619
618
3770
2789
623
2789
623
622
3772
2791
627
2791
627
626
3774
2793
631
2793
631
630
3776
2795
635
2795
635
634
3778
2797
639
2797
639
638
3780
2799
643
2799
643
642
3782
2801
647
2801
647
646
3784
2803
651
2803
651
650
3786
2805
655
2805
655
654
3788
2807
659
2807
659
658
3790
2809
663
2809
663
662
3792
2811
667
2811
667
666
3794
2813
671
2813
671
670
3796
2815
675
2815
675
674
3798
2817
679
2817
679
678
3800
2819
683
2819
683
682
3802
2821
687
26
32
24
25
3806
3478
3806
3478
3479
3807
3808
3480
3808
3480
3481
3809
3810
3482
3810
3482
3483
3811
3812
3484

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
3485
2317
3487
2318
3489
2319
3491
2320
3493
2321
3495
2322
3497
2323
3499
2324
3501
2325
3503
2326
3505
2327
3507
2328
3509
2329
3511
2330
3513
2331
3515
2332
3517
2333
3519
2334
3521
2335
3523
2336
3525
2337
3527
2338
3529
2339
3531
2340
3533
2341
3535
2342
3537
2343
3539
2344
3541
2345
3543
2346
3545
2347
3547
2348
3549
2349
3551
2350
3553
Altair Engineering
3813
2
3815
2
3817
2
3819
2
3821
2
3823
2
3825
2
3827
2
3829
2
3831
2
3833
2
3835
2
3837
2
3839
2
3841
2
3843
2
3845
2
3847
2
3849
2
3851
2
3853
2
3855
2
3857
2
3859
2
3861
2
3863
2
3865
2
3867
2
3869
2
3871
2
3873
2
3875
2
3877
2
3879
2
3881
3812
3484
3485
3813
3814
3486
3814
3486
3487
3815
3816
3488
3816
3488
3489
3817
3818
3490
3818
3490
3491
3819
3820
3492
3820
3492
3493
3821
3822
3494
3822
3494
3495
3823
3824
3496
3824
3496
3497
3825
3826
3498
3826
3498
3499
3827
3828
3500
3828
3500
3501
3829
3830
3502
3830
3502
3503
3831
3832
3504
3832
3504
3505
3833
3834
3506
3834
3506
3507
3835
3836
3508
3836
3508
3509
3837
3838
3510
3838
3510
3511
3839
3840
3512
3840
3512
3513
3841
3842
3514
3842
3514
3515
3843
3844
3516
3844
3516
3517
3845
3846
3518
3846
3518
3519
3847
3848
3520
3848
3520
3521
3849
3850
3522
3850
3522
3523
3851
3852
3524
3852
3524
3525
3853
3854
3526
3854
3526
3527
3855
3856
3528
3856
3528
3529
3857
3858
3530
3858
3530
3531
3859
3860
3532
3860
3532
3533
3861
3862
3534
3862
3534
3535
3863
3864
3536
3864
3536
3537
3865
3866
3538
3866
3538
3539
3867
3868
3540
3868
3540
3541
3869
3870
3542
3870
3542
3543
3871
3872
3544
3872
3544
3545
3873
3874
3546
3874
3546
3547
3875
3876
3548
3876
3548
3549
3877
3878
3550
3878
3550
3551
3879
3880
3552

411
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
412
2351
3555
2352
3557
2353
3559
2354
3561
2435
3723
2436
3725
2437
3727
2438
3729
2439
3731
2440
3733
2441
3735
2442
3737
2443
3739
2444
3741
2445
3743
2446
3745
2447
3747
2448
3749
2449
3751
2450
3753
2451
3755
2452
3757
2453
3759
2454
3761
2455
3763
2456
3765
2457
3767
2458
3769
2459
3771
2460
3773
2461
3775
2462
3777
2463
3779
2464
3781
2465
2
3883
2
3885
2
3887
2
3889
2
4051
2
4053
2
4055
2
4057
2
4059
2
4061
2
4063
2
4065
2
4067
2
4069
2
4071
2
4073
2
4075
2
4077
2
4079
2
4081
2
4083
2
4085
2
4087
2
4089
2
4091
2
4093
2
4095
2
4097
2
4099
2
4101
2
4103
2
4105
2
4107
2
4109
2
3880
3552
3553
3881
3882
3554
3882
3554
3555
3883
3884
3556
3884
3556
3557
3885
3886
3558
3886
3558
3559
3887
3888
3560
3888
3560
3561
3889
4050
3722
4050
3722
3723
4051
4052
3724
4052
3724
3725
4053
4054
3726
4054
3726
3727
4055
4056
3728
4056
3728
3729
4057
4058
3730
4058
3730
3731
4059
4060
3732
4060
3732
3733
4061
4062
3734
4062
3734
3735
4063
4064
3736
4064
3736
3737
4065
4066
3738
4066
3738
3739
4067
4068
3740
4068
3740
3741
4069
4070
3742
4070
3742
3743
4071
4072
3744
4072
3744
3745
4073
4074
3746
4074
3746
3747
4075
4076
3748
4076
3748
3749
4077
4078
3750
4078
3750
3751
4079
4080
3752
4080
3752
3753
4081
4082
3754
4082
3754
3755
4083
4084
3756
4084
3756
3757
4085
4086
3758
4086
3758
3759
4087
4088
3760
4088
3760
3761
4089
4090
3762
4090
3762
3763
4091
4092
3764
4092
3764
3765
4093
4094
3766
4094
3766
3767
4095
4096
3768
4096
3768
3769
4097
4098
3770
4098
3770
3771
4099
4100
3772
4100
3772
3773
4101
4102
3774
4102
3774
3775
4103
4104
3776
4104
3776
3777
4105
4106
3778
4106
3778
3779
4107
4108
3780
4108
3780
3781
4109
4110
3782

Altair Engineering
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
3783
2466
3785
2467
3787
2468
3789
2469
3791
2470
3793
2471
3795
2472
3797
2473
3799
2474
3801
2475
3803
2476
3805
2477
3478
2478
3480
2479
3482
2480
3484
2481
3486
2482
3488
2483
3490
2484
3492
2485
3494
2486
3496
2487
3498
2488
3500
2489
3502
2490
3504
2491
3506
2492
3508
2493
3510
2494
3512
2495
3514
2496
3516
2497
3518
2498
3520
2499
3522
Altair Engineering
4111
2
4113
2
4115
2
4117
2
4119
2
4121
2
4123
2
4125
2
4127
2
4129
2
4131
2
4133
2
3806
2
3808
2
3810
2
3812
2
3814
2
3816
2
3818
2
3820
2
3822
2
3824
2
3826
2
3828
2
3830
2
3832
2
3834
2
3836
2
3838
2
3840
2
3842
2
3844
2
3846
2
3848
2
3850
4110
3782
3783
4111
4112
3784
4112
3784
3785
4113
4114
3786
4114
3786
3787
4115
4116
3788
4116
3788
3789
4117
4118
3790
4118
3790
3791
4119
4120
3792
4120
3792
3793
4121
4122
3794
4122
3794
3795
4123
4124
3796
4124
3796
3797
4125
4126
3798
4126
3798
3799
4127
4128
3800
4128
3800
3801
4129
4130
3802
4130
3802
3803
4131
4132
3804
27
31
32
26
2987
2495
2987
2495
3478
3806
2989
2497
2989
2497
3480
3808
2991
2499
2991
2499
3482
3810
2993
2501
2993
2501
3484
3812
2995
2503
2995
2503
3486
3814
2997
2505
2997
2505
3488
3816
2999
2507
2999
2507
3490
3818
3001
2509
3001
2509
3492
3820
3003
2511
3003
2511
3494
3822
3005
2513
3005
2513
3496
3824
3007
2515
3007
2515
3498
3826
3009
2517
3009
2517
3500
3828
3011
2519
3011
2519
3502
3830
3013
2521
3013
2521
3504
3832
3015
2523
3015
2523
3506
3834
3017
2525
3017
2525
3508
3836
3019
2527
3019
2527
3510
3838
3021
2529
3021
2529
3512
3840
3023
2531
3023
2531
3514
3842
3025
2533
3025
2533
3516
3844
3027
2535
3027
2535
3518
3846
3029
2537
3029
2537
3520
3848
3031
2539

413
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
414
2500
3524
2501
3526
2502
3528
2503
3530
2504
3532
2505
3534
2506
3536
2507
3538
2508
3540
2509
3542
2510
3544
2511
3546
2512
3548
2513
3550
2514
3552
2515
3554
2516
3556
2517
3558
2518
3560
2599
3722
2600
3724
2601
3726
2602
3728
2603
3730
2604
3732
2605
3734
2606
3736
2607
3738
2608
3740
2609
3742
2610
3744
2611
3746
2612
3748
2613
3750
2614
2
3852
2
3854
2
3856
2
3858
2
3860
2
3862
2
3864
2
3866
2
3868
2
3870
2
3872
2
3874
2
3876
2
3878
2
3880
2
3882
2
3884
2
3886
2
3888
2
4050
2
4052
2
4054
2
4056
2
4058
2
4060
2
4062
2
4064
2
4066
2
4068
2
4070
2
4072
2
4074
2
4076
2
4078
2
3031
2539
3522
3850
3033
2541
3033
2541
3524
3852
3035
2543
3035
2543
3526
3854
3037
2545
3037
2545
3528
3856
3039
2547
3039
2547
3530
3858
3041
2549
3041
2549
3532
3860
3043
2551
3043
2551
3534
3862
3045
2553
3045
2553
3536
3864
3047
2555
3047
2555
3538
3866
3049
2557
3049
2557
3540
3868
3051
2559
3051
2559
3542
3870
3053
2561
3053
2561
3544
3872
3055
2563
3055
2563
3546
3874
3057
2565
3057
2565
3548
3876
3059
2567
3059
2567
3550
3878
3061
2569
3061
2569
3552
3880
3063
2571
3063
2571
3554
3882
3065
2573
3065
2573
3556
3884
3067
2575
3067
2575
3558
3886
3069
2577
3069
2577
3560
3888
3231
2739
3231
2739
3722
4050
3233
2741
3233
2741
3724
4052
3235
2743
3235
2743
3726
4054
3237
2745
3237
2745
3728
4056
3239
2747
3239
2747
3730
4058
3241
2749
3241
2749
3732
4060
3243
2751
3243
2751
3734
4062
3245
2753
3245
2753
3736
4064
3247
2755
3247
2755
3738
4066
3249
2757
3249
2757
3740
4068
3251
2759
3251
2759
3742
4070
3253
2761
3253
2761
3744
4072
3255
2763
3255
2763
3746
4074
3257
2765
3257
2765
3748
4076
3259
2767
3259
2767
3750
4078
3261
2769

Altair Engineering
+
3752
4080
CHEXA
2615
2
3261
2769
3752
4080
3263
2771
+
3754
4082
CHEXA
2616
2
3263
2771
3754
4082
3265
2773
+
3756
4084
CHEXA
2617
2
3265
2773
3756
4084
3267
2775
+
3758
4086
CHEXA
2618
2
3267
2775
3758
4086
3269
2777
+
3760
4088
CHEXA
2619
2
3269
2777
3760
4088
3271
2779
+
3762
4090
CHEXA
2620
2
3271
2779
3762
4090
3273
2781
+
3764
4092
CHEXA
2621
2
3273
2781
3764
4092
3275
2783
+
3766
4094
CHEXA
2622
2
3275
2783
3766
4094
3277
2785
+
3768
4096
CHEXA
2623
2
3277
2785
3768
4096
3279
2787
+
3770
4098
CHEXA
2624
2
3279
2787
3770
4098
3281
2789
+
3772
4100
CHEXA
2625
2
3281
2789
3772
4100
3283
2791
+
3774
4102
CHEXA
2626
2
3283
2791
3774
4102
3285
2793
+
3776
4104
CHEXA
2627
2
3285
2793
3776
4104
3287
2795
+
3778
4106
CHEXA
2628
2
3287
2795
3778
4106
3289
2797
+
3780
4108
CHEXA
2629
2
3289
2797
3780
4108
3291
2799
+
3782
4110
CHEXA
2630
2
3291
2799
3782
4110
3293
2801
+
3784
4112
CHEXA
2631
2
3293
2801
3784
4112
3295
2803
+
3786
4114
CHEXA
2632
2
3295
2803
3786
4114
3297
2805
+
3788
4116
CHEXA
2633
2
3297
2805
3788
4116
3299
2807
+
3790
4118
CHEXA
2634
2
3299
2807
3790
4118
3301
2809
+
3792
4120
CHEXA
2635
2
3301
2809
3792
4120
3303
2811
+
3794
4122
CHEXA
2636
2
3303
2811
3794
4122
3305
2813
+
3796
4124
CHEXA
2637
2
3305
2813
3796
4124
3307
2815
+
3798
4126
CHEXA
2638
2
3307
2815
3798
4126
3309
2817
+
3800
4128
CHEXA
2639
2
3309
2817
3800
4128
3311
2819
+
3802
4130
CHEXA
2640
2
3311
2819
3802
4130
3313
2821
+
3804
4132
$
$HMMOVE
2
$
17THRU
58
139THRU
222
303THRU
386
$
467THRU
550
631THRU
714
795THRU
878
$
959THRU
1042
1123THRU
1206
1287THRU
1370
$
1451THRU
1534
1615THRU
1698
1779THRU
1862
$
1943THRU
2026
2107THRU
2190
2271THRU
2354
$
2435THRU
2518
2599THRU
2640
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
HyperMesh name and color information for generic components
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP
2"Air"
2 "Air" 5
$HWCOLOR COMP
2
5
$
Altair Engineering

415
$HMNAME COMP
$HWCOLOR COMP
$
$HMNAME COMP
$HWCOLOR COMP
$
$
$HMDPRP
$
17THRU
$
467THRU
$
959THRU
$
1451THRU
$
1943THRU
$
2435THRU
$
6122
6125
$
7647
7652
$
5"Piston"
5
8
6"absorber"
6
3
58
139THRU
550
631THRU
1042
1123THRU
1534
1615THRU
2026
2107THRU
2518
2599THRU
6520THRU
6521
7945
7948
7955
222
714
1206
1698
2190
2640
6523
303THRU
795THRU
1287THRU
1779THRU
2271THRU
5627
5629
6528
6954
386
878
1370
1862
2354
6116
7220
$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$HMNAME PROP
1"tube" 4
$HWCOLOR PROP
1
52
PSHELL
1
20.1
2
2
0.0
$$
$$ PSOLID Data
$$
$HMNAME PROP
2"Air" 5
$HWCOLOR PROP
2
4
PSOLID
2
1
PFLUID
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$$
$HMNAME MAT
2"alum" "MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT
2
3
MAT1
21.0+7
0.3
0.000254
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT
1"Air" "MAT10"
$HWCOLOR MAT
1
3
MAT10
1
1.21-7 13000.0
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh Commands for loadcollectors name and color information $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
2"spc"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
2
6
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
8"Force"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
8
7
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
12"SPC"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
12
5
$$
$$
$$ FREQi cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
3"Freq"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
3
6
$FREQ1
3
0.0
5.0
600
FREQ
3480.
416

Altair Engineering
$
$$
$$ RLOAD1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
6"Rload"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
6
6
RLOAD1
6
8
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
7"Table"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
7
6
TABLED1
7 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
1.0 3000.0
1.0ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
10"reactance"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
10
5
TABLED1
10 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0 0.00154 3000.0 0.00154ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
11"Impedance"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
11
5
TABLED1
11 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
0.0 3000.0
0.0ENDT
$$
$$
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
9"Dload"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
9
6
DLOAD
91.0
1.0
6
$$
$$ EIGRL cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
4"EigrlTube"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
4
6
EIGRL
4
5
$HMNAME LOADCOL
5"EigrlAir"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
5
6
EIGRL
5
30
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC1
12123456 6776
thru
6800
spcd
86776
3
1.0
spcd
86777
3
1.0
spcd
86778
3
1.0
spcd
86779
3
1.0
spcd
86780
3
1.0
spcd
86781
3
1.0
spcd
86782
3
1.0
spcd
86783
3
1.0
spcd
86784
3
1.0
spcd
86785
3
1.0
spcd
86786
3
1.0
spcd
86788
3
1.0
spcd
86789
3
1.0
spcd
86790
3
1.0
spcd
86791
3
1.0
spcd
86792
3
1.0
spcd
86793
3
1.0
spcd
86794
3
1.0
spcd
86795
3
1.0
spcd
86796
3
1.0
spcd
86797
3
1.0
spcd
86798
3
1.0
spcd
86799
3
1.0
spcd
86800
3
1.0
Altair Engineering
VELO
MASS
MASS

417
$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA
8
6798
3-15.0
$$
$$
CAABSF
7957
5
689
688
687
686
CAABSF
7960
5
1017
689
686
1016
CAABSF
7964
5
1345
1344
688
689
CAABSF
7969
5
1509
1345
689
1017
CAABSF
7972
5
2165
2164
2163
2162
CAABSF
7977
5
688
2165
2162
687
CAABSF
7978
5
4133
3805
3804
4132
CAABSF
7980
5
2493
2492
2164
2165
CAABSF
7984
5
1344
2493
2165
688
CAABSF
7985
5
2821
687
2162
2820
CAABSF
7988
5
2820
2162
2163
2985
CAABSF
7990
5
3313
2821
2820
3312
CAABSF
7994
5
3312
2820
2985
3477
CAABSF
7996
5
3805
1016
686
3804
CAABSF
7998
5
3804
686
687
2821
CAABSF
8003
5
4132
3804
2821
3313
PAABSF
5
11
10
ENDDATA
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Data Definition for AutoDV
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Design Variables Card for Control Perturbations
$$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
Domain Element Definitions
$
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Nodeset Definitions
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Design domain node sets
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Control Perturbation
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$
$$ CONTROL PERTURBATION Data
$$
ALTDOCTAG "0mjpRI@DXd^3_0ASnbi`;l;q6A23R@9_67hgW8R?OiZ]
Eq:PeN`À;WXh3ITgJeq5NZRd5jSHQK3X@:à12;n4qD_I^RYMo"
ADI0.1.0 2011-02-11T20:16:20 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG
418

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
Element identification numbers should be unique with respect to all other element
identification numbers.
2.
If only G1 is specified, then a point impedance is assumed. If G1 and G2 are specified,

then a line impedance is assumed. If G1, G2 and G3 are specified, then an impedance is
associated with the area of the triangular face. If G1 through G4 are specified, then an
impedance is associated with the quadrilateral face.
3.
The CAABSF element must connect entirely to fluid points on the fluid-structure
boundary.
4.
This card is represented as a CAABSF element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

419
CAALOAD
Bulk Data Entry
CAALOAD Pressure from CFD Analysis
Description
The CAALOAD bulk data entry defines the CFD pressure that is transferred to the structural
side for frequency response analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C AALOAD
SID
C AAID
SRFID
AC SC AL
PSC AL
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C AALOAD
110
20
1.0
(6)
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of a dynamic load set.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

CAAID
Identification number of the H3D file (loadID) specified by ASSIGN,H3DCAA (See

comments 1 and 2).
Default = no default (Integer > 0)
SRFID
Identification number of a SURF bulk data entry that defines the surface where
CFD pressure is applicable (See comment 1).
ACSCAL Scale factor of the acoustic source term.

Default = 1.0 (Real > 0)
420

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
PSCAL
Scale factor of CFD pressure.

Comments
1.
The surface GRIDs associated with the CFD pressure must be fluid grids. The pressures
from CFD analysis at each loading frequency are stored in an H3D file. This H3D file can be
referenced using the ASSIGN I/O Options Entry (ASSIGN, H3DCAA, loadID, and filename).
2.
The pressure from the fluid grids will be transferred to structural grids for frequency
response analysis.
3.
CAALOAD can be chosen as a dynamic load in the I/O Options or Subcase Information
sections with the command DLOAD = SID.
4.
The SID field in this CAALOAD entry must be unique with respect to other dynamic load
sets (ACSRCE, DLOAD, RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries).
Altair Engineering

421
CBAR
Bulk Data Entry
CBAR Simple Beam Element Connection
Description
The CBAR bulk data entry defines a simple beam element (BAR) of the structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C BAR
EID
PID
GA
GB
X1/G0
X2
X3
OFFT
PA
PB
W1A
W2A
W3A
W1B
W2B
W3B
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C BAR
39
13
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
513
Field
Contents
EID

PID
Identification number of a PBAR or PBARL property entry.

Default = EID (Integer > 0)
GA,GB
422
Grid point identification numbers of connection points.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
X1,X2,X3
Components of vector v, at end A, measured at end A, parallel to

the components of the displacement coordinate system for GA, or
the basic coordinate system, to determine (with the vector from
end A to end B) the orientation of the element coordinate system
for the BAR element. See comment 5.
No default (Real)
G0
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, X3.

Direction of orientation vector is GA to G0.
OFFT
Character String specifying the interpretation of the offset vector

specification. See comment 5.
Default = GGG (Character or blank)
PA,PB
Pin flags for bar ends A and B, respectively. Used to remove

connections between the grid point and selected degrees-offreedom of the bar. The degrees-of-freedom are defined in the
elements coordinate system. The bar must have stiffness
associated with the PA and PB degrees-of-freedom to be released
by the pin flags. For example, if PA=4 is specified, the PBAR entry
must have a value for J, the torsion stiffness.
No default (Integer > 0; up to 5 of the unique digits 1-6 with no
embedded blanks)
W1A,W2A,W3A
W1B,W2B,W3B
Components of offset vectors wa and wb in displacement

coordinate systems at points GA and GB, respectively, or in the
element coordinate system. See comment 5.
Default = blank (Real or blank)
Altair Engineering

423
Fig 1: Bar element coordinate system (for C BAR element)
Fig 2: Moments and Internal Forces in the x-y Plane (for a C BAR element)
424

Altair Engineering
Fig 3: Moments and Internal Forces in the x-z Plane (for a C BAR element)
Comments
1.
Element identification numbers must be unique with respect to all other element
2.
If there are no pin flags or offsets, the continuation may be omitted.
3.
G0 cannot be located at GA or GB.
4.
If X1/G0 is a positive integer and X2 and X3 are blank, then G0 is used to orient the
element, otherwise X1, X2, X3 is used.
5.
The OFFT character string specifies how the offset and orientation vector components
are computed. By default, the offset vectors are specified in the Global (local
displacement) coordinate system of each grid A and B, and the orientation vector is
specified in the Global coordinate system of grid A. Using the codes below, the offset
vector can be specified in the element coordinate system and the orientation vector can
be specified in the basic coordinate system. The valid character strings and their
meanings are shown below:
OFFT
Orientation Vector
End A Offset
End B Offset
GGG
Global
Global
Global
BGG
Basic
Global
Global
GGO
Global
Global
Element
BGO
Basic
Global
Element
GOG
Global
Element
Global
BOG
Basic
Element
Global
GOO
Global
Element
Element
BOO
Basic
Element
Element
The element system x-axis is defined from GA to GB. The orientation vector and the
element system x-axis are then used to define the z and y axes of the element system.
A vector is formed from the cross product of a vector going from Grid A to Grid B and the
orientation vector to create the element coordinate z-direction.
6.
Offset vectors are treated like rigid elements. The length of the offset vectors is not
affected by thermal loads.
7.
This card is represented as a bar2 element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

425
CBEAM
Bulk Data Entry
CBEAM Beam Element Connection
Description
The CBEAM bulk data entry defines a beam element (BEAM) of the structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C BEAM
EID
PID
GA
GB
X1/G0
X2
X3
OFFT
PA
PB
W1A
W2A
W3A
W1B
W2B
W3B
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C BEAM
39
13
513
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
3.0
Field
Contents
EID

PID
Identification number of PBEAM or PBEAML property entry.

GA,GB
426

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
X1,X2,X3
Components of vector v, at end A, measured at the offset point for

end A, parallel to the components of the displacement coordinate
system for GA, or the basic coordinate system, to determine (with
the vector from offset end A to offset end B) the orientation of the
element coordinate system for the beam element. See comment 5.
No default (Real; See comment 2)
G0
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, X3.

Direction of orientation vector is GA to G0.
No default (Integer > 0; See comment 2).
OFFT
Character string specifying the interpretation of the offset vector

specification. See comment 5.
Default = GGG (Character or blank)
PA, PB
Pin flags for beam ends A and B respectively. Used to remove

connections between the grid point and selected degrees-of-freedom
of the beam. The degrees-of-freedom are defined in the elements
coordinate system and the pin flags are applied at the offset ends of
the beam. The beam must have stiffness associated with the PA and
PB degrees-of-freedom to be released by the pin flags. For example,
if PA=4, the PBEAM entry must have a non-zero value for J, the
torsion stiffness.
No default (Integer > 0; up to 5 of the unique digits 1-6 with no
embedded blanks)
W1A,W2A,W3A, Components of offset vectors, measured in the displacement

coordinate systems at grid points A and B or in the element
W1B,W2B,W3B coordinate system, from the grid points to the end points of the axis
of shear center. See comment 5.
Altair Engineering

427
Fig 1: Beam element coordinate system.
Fig 2: Direction of Internal Forces and Moments (for C BEAM entry)
Comments
1.
2.
If X1/G0 is a positive integer and X2 and X3 are blank, then G0 is used to orient the
element, otherwise X1, X2, X3 is used.
3.
G0
4.
If there are no pin flags or offsets the continuation may be omitted.
428
GA or GB.

Altair Engineering
5.
The OFFT character string specifies how the offset and orientation vector components
are computed. By default, the offset vectors are specified in the Global (local
displacement) coordinate system of each grid A and B, and the orientation vector is
specified in the Global coordinate system of grid A. Using the codes below, the offset
vector can be specified in the element coordinate system and the orientation vector can
be specified in the basic coordinate system. The valid character strings and their
meanings are shown below:
OFFT
Orientation Vector
End A Offset
End B Offset
GGG
Global
Global
Global
BGG
Basic
Global
Global
GGO
Global
Global
Element
BGO
Basic
Global
Element
GOG
Global
Element
Global
BOG
Basic
Element
Global
GOO
Global
Element
Element
BOO
Basic
Element
Element
The element system x-axis is defined from GA to GB. The orientation vector and the
element system x-axis are then used to define the z and y axes of the element system.
A vector is formed from the cross product of a vector going from Grid A to Grid B and the
orientation vector to create the element coordinate z-direction.
6.
Offset vectors are treated like rigid elements. The length of the offset vectors is not
affected by thermal loads.
7.
Torsional stiffness due to warping of the cross-section is not considered.
8.
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429
CBUSH
Bulk Data Entry
CBUSH Bushing Element
Description
Defines a generalized spring-damper structural element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C BUSH
EID
PID
GA
GB
G0/X1
X2
X3
C ID
OC ID
S1
S2
S3
(10)
Example 1
Spring-damper element defined with default orientation and location; default orientation is
only valid when only K1, and/or K4 are defined on referenced PBUSH.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C BUSH
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
Spring-damper location is offset from mid-point of GA-GB.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C BUSH
19
0.3
430

Altair Engineering
Example 3
Spring-damper is oriented by referencing coordinate system 5, and spring-damper location

is explicitly defined using OCID, S1, S2, and S3.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C BUSH
41
1.0
0.5
Field
Contents
EID
Element identification number.
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
-0.7

PID
Property identification number of a PBUSH entry.

GA,GB
Grid point identification number of connection points.

No default (Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comments 6, 9 and
10.
Xi
Components of orientation vector

coordinate system of GA.
, from GA, in the displacement
(Real)
G0
Alternate method to supply vector

is from GA to GO.
using grid point GO. Direction of
is then transferred to End A.
(Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comments 3 and 9.

CID
Element coordinate system identification. A 0 means the basic

coordinate system. If CID is blank, then the element coordinate system
is determined from GO or Xi.
(Integer > 0 or blank) See comments 2 and 3.
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431
Field
Contents
Location of spring-damper as a fraction along the line segment between

GA and GB.
Default = 0.5 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
OCID
Coordinate system identification for spring-damper offset. See comment

7.
Default = -1 (Integer > -1; -1 indicates that the offset is along GA-GB)
Si
Components of the spring-damper offset in the OCID coordinate system,

ignored if OCID is -1.
(Real)
Comments
1.
C BUSH element
432

Altair Engineering
Alternate C BUSH element definition
2.
CID > 0 overrides GO and Xi. Then the element x-axis is along T1, the element y-axis is
along T2, and the element z-axis is along T3 of the CID coordinate system. If the CID
refers to a cylindrical coordinate system or a spherical coordinate system, the grid GA is
used to locate the system. If for cylindrical or spherical coordinate, GA falls on the z-axis
used to define them, it is recommended that another CID be selected to define the
element x-axis.
3.
specified, the line AB is the element x-axis and the orientation vector
plane (similar to the CBEAM element).
lies in the x-y
4.
specified, the line AB is the element x-axis. This option is valid only when K1 or K4 or
both on the PBUSH entry are specified (but K2, K3, K5, and K6 are not specified). If K2,
K3, K5, or K6 are specified, the solver will terminate with an error.
5.
If GA and GB are coincident, or if GB is blank, then CID must be specified.
6.
If OCID refers to a cylindrical or spherical coordinate system, then grid GA is used to

locate the system.
7.
A CBUSH element, referencing a PBUSH property with a single stiffness term, is equivalent
to a CELAS1 or CELAS2 element, only when the elements have zero length. A non-zero
length CBUSH assumes rigid body connections from the connection points, GA and GB, to
the spring-damper location, as defined either by S or the OCID and Si fields.
8.
Bushing elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
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433
9.
Supported local entries in specific parts can be referenced by the use of fully qualified
references on CBUSH entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
(PartName.number) is similar to the format of a numeric reference. PartName is the
name of the part that contains the referenced local entry (part names are defined on the
BEGIN Bulk Data Entry in the model). number is the identification number of a
referenced local entry in the part PartName. See Parts and Instances in the Users
Guide for detailed information on the use of fully qualified references.
10. The CBUSH element force is calculated as follows:

F = K(UGB - UGA )
Therefore, the sign of the force will depend on the grids GA and GB. If the grids are
switched, then the element force will be reversed.
11. This card is represented as a spring element in HyperMesh.
434

Altair Engineering
CBUSH1D
Bulk Data Entry
CBUSH1D Rod-type Spring-Damper Element
Description
Defines a one-dimensional spring-damper structural element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C BUSH1D
EID
PID
GA
GB
C ID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C BUSH1D
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Property identification number of a PBUSH1D entry.

GA,GB

No default (Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comments 2 and 7.
CID
Element coordinate system identification number. If a value of 0 is input,

the basic coordinate system is selected.
(Integer > 0 or blank) See comments 2 through 4.
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435
Comments
1.
2.
axis. In geometric nonlinear analysis, the element axis (line GA to GB) follows the
deformation of grids GA and GB.
3.
If GA and GB are coincident, or if GB is blank, then CID must be specified.
4.
If CID > 0, the x-axis of CID is the element axis. In geometric nonlinear analysis,
depending on the referenced system being movable or fixed, the axis of the element will
move or not move with the axes of the system, respectively. Geometric nonlinear
analysis is selected by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
5.
In all linear subcases, as well as small displacement nonlinear quasi-static

(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) subcases, PBUSH1D and CBUSH1D are converted internally to the
equivalent PBUSH (with PBUSHT, if necessary) and CBUSH.
6.
Rod-type spring-damper elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
7.
references on CBUSH1D entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
BEGIN bulk data entry in the model). number is the identification number of a referenced
local entry in the part PartName. See Parts and Instances in the Users Guide for
detailed information on the use of fully qualified references.
8.
This card is represented as a spring element in HyperMesh.
436

Altair Engineering
CDAMP1
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP1 Scalar Damper Connection
Description
Defines a scalar damper element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C DAMP1
EID
PID
G1
C1
G2
C2
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C DAMP1
10
(5)
(6)
(7)
26
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PDAMP property entry.

G1, G2
Geometric grid point or scalar point identification number.

C1, C2
Component number in the displacement coordinate system specified by

the CD entry of the GRID data.
Default = 0 (0 < Integer < 6)
Altair Engineering

437
Comments
1.
Zero or blank may be used to indicate a grounded terminal G1 or G2 with a corresponding

blank or zero C1 or C2. A grounded terminal is a point whose displacement is constrained
to zero.
2.
Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2, (with corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero or
blank). If only scalar points and/or grounded terminals are involved, it is more efficient to
use the CDAMP3 entry.
3.
4.
The two connection points (G1, C1) and (G2, C2) must be distinct.
5.
A scalar point specified on this entry need not be defined on an SPOINT entry.
6.
7.
Scalar damper elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
8.
This card is represented as a spring or mass element in HyperMesh.
438

Altair Engineering
CDAMP2
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP2 Scalar Damper Property and Connection
Description
Defines a scalar damper element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C DAMP2
EID
G1
C1
G2
C2
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C DAMP2
3.12
12
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

B
Value of the scalar damper.

No default (Real)
G1, G2
Geometric grid point identification number.

Default = blank (Integer > 0)
C1, C2
Component number in the displacement coordinate system

specified by the CD entry of the GRID data.
Altair Engineering

439
Comments
1.

to zero.
2.
Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2, (with a corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero
or blank). If only scalar points and/or grounded terminals are involved, it is more efficient
to use the CDAMP4 entry.
3.
4.
This single entry completely defines the element since no material or geometric properties
are required.
5.
6.
7.
8.
440

Altair Engineering
CDAMP3
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP3 Scalar Damper Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar damper element that is connected only to scalar points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C DAMP3
EID
PID
S1
S2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C DAMP3
16
978
24
36
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Property identification number of a PDAMP property entry.

S1, S2
Scalar point identification numbers.

Default = 0 (Integer >
Comments
1.
S1 or S2, but not both, may be blank or zero, indicating a constrained coordinate.
2.
Altair Engineering

441
3.
Only one scalar damper element may be defined on a single entry.
4.
5.
6.
442

Altair Engineering
CDAMP4
Bulk Data Entry
CDAMP4 Scalar Damper Property and Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar damper element that is connected only to scalar points and is without
reference to a material or property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C DAMP4
EID
S1
S2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C DAMP4
16
-2.6
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

B
Scalar damper value.

No default (Real)
S1, S2

Altair Engineering

443
Comments
1.
2.
3.
are required.
4.
Only one scalar damper element may be defined on a single entry.
5.
6.
7.
444

Altair Engineering
CDSMETH
Bulk Data Entry
CDSMETH - Run Control
Description
The CDSMETH command can be used in the component dynamic synthesis method for
generating component dynamic matrices at each loading frequency.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C DSMETH
C DSID
GTYPE
TF
OSET
TOL
SSF
RSF
C MSOUT
SPID
SPID_F
GP_RC
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C DSMETH
10
SVDNP
YES
C MSOUT
9000001
9000001
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(10)
YES
Argumen Options
t
Description
CDSID
Identification number of CDSMETH.
<INTEGER>
(9)
Default = NONE
GTYPE
<SVDNP/
BME>
Default =
Altair Engineering
SVDNP:
Dynamic Stiffness Matrix is calculated by singular value

decomposition of transfer function after scaling
rotational DOFs (Comment 6).

445
Argumen Options
t
SVDNP
TF
Description
BME:
Dynamic Stiffness Matrix is calculated by block matrix

elimination (Comment 6).
Generate transfer functions at the connection and

interior points at each loading frequency.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
OSET
<INTEGER>
Default = BLANK
TOL
<REAL/BLANK>
Default = 1.0e-20
SSF
<REAL/BLANK>
Default = 1.0
RSF
<REAL/BLANK>
Default = 1.0e-3
CMSOUT
<CMSOUT/BLANK>
Default = BLANK
446
Grid set for interior grids. The responses corresponding

to interior grids may be recovered in the residual run
(Comment 5).
Tolerance value for the Singular Value Decomposition

(SVD) operation that involves pseudoinversion of the
transfer function matrix to obtain the dynamic stiffness
matrix.
Structural scale factor used to scale transfer function

terms associated with the structural degrees of freedom
prior to the singular value decomposition (SVD)
operation.
Rotational scale factor used to scale transfer function

terms associated with the rotational degrees of freedom
prior to the singular value decomposition (SVD)
operation.
This is an optional keyword to specify the creation of

the component model synthesis (CMS) super element
generated using the General Modal method with free
free boundary (Craig-Chang method).

Altair Engineering
Argumen Options
t
Description
SPID
<INTEGER>
The starting SPOINT ID to be used in CMS matrix output

for the structural eigenmodes. There is no default. This
is only valid, if CMSOUT is specified.
SPID_F
<INTEGER>
The starting SPOINT ID to be used in CMS matrix output

for the fluid eigenmodes. There is no default, if fluid
grids are present in the model. However, this must be
used, if there are fluid grids in the model. This is only
valid, if CMSOUT is specified.
GP_RC
<YES, NO>
Grid participation recovery control. If YES, the fluidstructural interface connection matrix is calculated and
stored as a part of the CMS super element. This is only
valid, if CMSOUT is specified.
Default = NO
Comments
1.
The responses available for recovery, and the attachment points available for connection
in the residual structure, must be specified on a BNDFRE1, BNDFREE, CSET or CSET1 data
entry for a modal frequency response analysis in which CDSMETH has been specified.
2.
Frequencies available for recovery must be specified, using the FREQ or FREQ# (# ranges
from 1 to 5) data entries, in the modal frequency response analysis in which CDSMETH
has been specified.
3.
A MODEL card may be used for additional response output for the optional CMS
superelement output.
4.
Reasonable speedup may be achieved by reducing the number of ASET points in the
residual run when CDSMETH is used.
5.
If OSET is specified, TF is automatically set to YES.
6.
Performance may be an issue with the Block Matrix Elimination (BME) method for large
models. The BME option for the GTYPE field is only recommended for small models or when
other methods fail to work.
Altair Engineering

447
CELAS1
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS1 Scalar Spring Connection
Description
Defines a scalar spring element of the structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C ELAS1
EID
PID
G1
C1
G2
C2
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
C ELAS1
(4)
(5)
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PELAS property entry.

G1,G2

C1,C2

448

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.

to zero.
2.
Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2 (with a corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero or
use the CELAS3 entry.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A CBUSH element, referencing a PBUSH property with a single stiffness term, is equivalent
8.
Altair Engineering

449
CELAS2
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS2 Scalar Spring Property and Connection
Description
Defines a scalar spring element of the structural model without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ELAS2
EID
G1
C1
G2
C2
GE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
C ELAS2
28
6.2+3
(4)
(5)
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
19
(8)
(9)
(10)

K
Spring stiffness.
No default (Real)
G1, G2

C1, C2

450

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
GE
Damping coefficient. (See comment 7).

Stress coefficient.
Comments
1.

to zero.
2.
Scalar points may be used for G1 and/or G2 (with a corresponding C1 and/or C2 of zero or
use the CELAS4 entry.
3.
4.
are required.
5.
6.
To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0, by 2.
7.
If PARAM, W4 is not specified, GE is ignored in transient analysis.
8.
9.
The element force of a spring is calculated from the equation: F = k * (u1 u2)
Where, k is the stiffness coefficient for the scalar element and u1 is the displacement of
the first degree-of-freedom listed on the CELAS entry. Element stresses are calculated
from the equation: s = S * F, where, S is the stress coefficient as defined above.
10. When the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or
11. A CBUSH element, referencing a PBUSH property with a single stiffness term, is equivalent
Altair Engineering

451
12. This card is represented as a spring or mass element in HyperMesh.
452

Altair Engineering
CELAS3
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS3 Scalar Spring Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar spring element that connects only to scalar points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ELAS3
EID
PID
S1
S2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ELAS3
19
14
15
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Property identification number of a PELAS entry.
S1, S2

Comments
1.
S1 or S2 may be blank or zero indicating a constrained coordinate.
2.
3.
Only one scalar spring element may be defined on a single entry.
Altair Engineering

453
4.
5.
454

Altair Engineering
CELAS4
Bulk Data Entry
CELAS4 Scalar Spring Property and Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar spring element that is connected only to scalar points without reference to a
property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ELAS4
EID
S1
S2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
GE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C ELAS4
42
6.2-3
(5)
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

K
Stiffness of the scalar spring.

No default (Real)
S1, S2

GE
Damping coefficient. See comment 7.

Altair Engineering

455
Field
Contents
Stress coefficient
Comments
1.
S1 or S2, but not both, may be blank or zero indicating a constrained coordinate.
2.
3.
are required.
4.
Only one scalar spring element may be defined on a single entry.
5.
6.
The element force of a spring is calculated from the equation: F = k * (u1 u2)
7.
8.
456

Altair Engineering
CFAST
Bulk Data Entry
CFAST Fastener Element Connection
Description
Define a fastener with material orientation connecting two shell surfaces.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C FAST
EID
PID
C TYPE
PIDA/
SHIDA
PIDB/
SHIDB
GS
GA
GB
XS
YS
ZS
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C FAST
22
PROP
0.2
0.3
0.3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C FAST
22
ELEM
101
201
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
21
30
Example 2
Field
Contents
EID

Altair Engineering

457
Field
Contents
PID
Identification number of a PFAST entry.

CTYPE
The type of connection between the patches. Either format

connects up to 3 x 3 elements per patch (possibly more for triangular
elements).
For PROP, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is
defined by specifying the property numbers of shells on side A and B,
PIDA and PIDB, respectively.
For ELEM, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is
defined by specifying IDs of shells SHIDA and SHIDB, respectively.
No default
PIDA,PIDB
Property identification numbers of PSHELL entries defining surface A

and B, respectively. Required when CTYPE = PROP.
SHIDA, SHIDB
Element identification numbers of shells defining fastener ends A and

B, respectively. Required when CTYPE = ELEM.
GS
Identification number of a grid point which defines the location of the

connector. See comment 2.
(Integer > 0)
GA, GB
These represent grid identification numbers of piercing points on

surface A and surface B respectively. See comment 3.
(Integer > 0)
XS, YS, ZS
Coordinates of point that defines the location of the fastener in the

basic coordinate system. It is an alternative way of specifying the
location of GS.
(Real)
Comments
1.
458
CFAST defines a flexible connection between two shell surface patches. An internallygenerated CBUSH element will be created automatically for a CFAST, and the end points
of this bushing will be connected to the grids of corresponding shell elements. Then the

Altair Engineering
stiffness, mass and structural damping of the CBUSH will be transferred to the
corresponding shell grids. GS, GA and GB do not hold any independent DOF. See the
figure below:
2.
A CFAST element connects Shell A and Shell B. An internal CBUSH is generated for the
CFAST and supported by fictitious auxiliary points. Auxiliary points, in turn, are
constrained by corresponding shell grids. (To have a clear view, only one of these kind of
constraint relationships is shown with dotted lines).
3.
The end points of the internally-generated CBUSH element are defined from GS, GA, and
GB (not all are required). If GA or GB is not specified, they are generated from the normal
projection of GS onto the surface patches. If GA and GB (or, GA only) are (is) specified,
they take precedence over GS in defining the respective end points (If only GA is
specified, then GA is used as a normal projection point (similar to GS) to generate GB on
Shell B). Also, their locations will be corrected so that they lie on surface patch A and B,
respectively. If neither GS nor GA is specified, then (XS, YS, and ZS), in the basic
coordinate system, must be specified. The length of the connector is the distance
between projected points GA and GB.
4.
The connections of the internally-generated bushing to surface patches A and B are

defined in the following way: the axis GA-GB is used to define four pairs of auxiliary points
GAHi, GBHi, i=1,4 that are located on patches A and B, respectively. The cross-section
area of the resulting hexahedral is equivalent to the area of the connector, defined from
diameter D on PFAST card. The connector stiffness matrix is first built by connecting the
internally-generated bushing element to the auxiliary points, and then constraining them
to supporting shell nodes using respective shape functions. Similarly, the mass of the
fastener is divided by to each side and then distributed via auxiliary points to
supporting shell nodes.
Altair Engineering

459
5.
460
Since the geometry for finding the correct projection could be various and complicated,
sometimes the default projection algorithm may fail. However, the default projection rules
and tolerances can be modified to some extent via the SWLDPRM card.

Altair Engineering
CGAP
Bulk Data Entry
CGAP Gap Element Connection
Description
Defines a gap or friction element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GAP
EID
PID
GA
GB
GO/X1
X2
X3
C ID
(10)
Examples
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C GAP
233
223
3.0
-1.0
1.0
(9)
(10)
Minimum necessary data when GA and GB are not coincident:

C GAP
247
233
223
Field
Contents
EID

PID
Identification number of a PGAP entry.

GA,GB
Connected grid points at ends A and B.
Altair Engineering

461
Field
Contents
X1, X2,
X3
Components of the orientation vector, from GA, in the displacement

coordinate system at GA.
Default determined automatically - See comment 7. (Real)
G0
Alternate method to supply orientation vector, using grid point G0. Direction
of orientation vector is from GA to G0.
CID
Element coordinate system identification number. CID must be specified if

GA and GB are coincident (distance from GA to GB < 10-4).
Alternatively: FLIP reverses the direction of the gap axis (See comment
5).
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or flip or blank) - See comments 2 through 6.
Comments
1.
For linear subcases, the CGAP element will produce a linear stiffness matrix which remains
linear with the initial stiffness. The stiffness used depends on the value for the initial gap
opening (U0 field in the PGAP entry).
2.
The gap element coordinate system is defined by one of the following methods:
Prescribed CID: If the coordinate system CID is specified, the element coordinate
system is established using that coordinate system. In this case, the element x-axis is
in the coordinate systems 1-direction, and the y-axis is in the coordinate systems 2direction (for rectangular coordinate systems; the 1-direction is the x-direction and
the 2-direction is the y-direction). The orientation vector will be ignored in this case.
CID field blank: If the CID field is blank and the grid points GA and GB are not
coincident (distance from GA to GB > 10-4), then the line GA-GB is the element x-axis
and the orientation vector lies in the x-y plane (as with the CBEAM element).
FLIP option: the x-axis of the gap coordinate system is reversed with respect to the
default orientation described above. This option is useful when meshes of bodies A
and B overlap, rather than have a gap between them (See comment 5).
For gaps with coincident nodes (the distance between GA and GB < 1.0e-4), the gap
coordinate system must be specified.
3.
462
In typical applications, leaving the CID field blank is appropriate when the nodes GA and
GB obstacle are initially separated. If the meshes of bodies A and B overlap, then a
coordinate system CID should be specified or the FLIP option should be used as discussed
below.

Altair Engineering
4.
When prescribing the gap coordinate system CID, it is essential to assure that its x-axis
points in the general direction from body A (the one associated with node GA) towards
the body B (the one associated with node GB). This will assure that the gap element
acts to prevent contact/overlap of these bodies. An incorrect orientation of the x-axis
will result in gap elements being ineffective, or will even act to "glue" the bodies together,
rather than prevent them from overlapping. The solver checks for such misalignment and
prints respective error and warning messages. For more information, see the GAPPRM bulk
data card.
5.
The FLIP option in the CID field is useful when meshes of bodies A and B overlap, rather
than have a gap between them. In such cases, the defaults gap axis vector GA-GB
would be opposite to the overall direction from body A to body B and therefore would
produce a "gluing" effect, rather than a resolution of the contact condition. The FLIP
option reverses the default gap direction so that the gap axis correctly points from the
bulk of body A towards body B in such cases. The effect of FLIP is equivalent to defining
a coordinate system with axis 1 pointing in direction GB-GA, rather then GA-GB.
Aside from setting the FLIP option to correctly resolve the cases with initial penetration,
U0 on the PGAP card needs to be properly set to a negative value, or an AUTO option
needs to be used in the U0 field.
Alternatively, FLIP can be used to define a simple cable element. If such an arrangement
is used, then it should be noted that:
a) F0 corresponds to a pair of forces acting on the ends of the cable (pointing inwards),
while U0 corresponds to pre-existing slack or extra length in the cable.
b) Gap open status corresponds to the cable being shortened, while closed gap
status corresponds to the cable being elongated.
c) Positive gap force reported in the results corresponds to the cable being in tension
(note that the force also includes the effect of F0).
6.
The element coordinate system does not rotate as a result of deflections.
7.
If neither coordinate system nor orientation vector are specified, the orientation vector is
defined automatically as a vector aligned with the axis of the basic coordinate system
that makes the largest angle with the gap direction (gap x-axis).
8.
Initial gap openings are specified on the PGAP entry and not derived from the separation
distance between GA and GB.
9.
Forces, which are requested with the FORCE card in the I/O Options or Subcase
Information sections, are output in the element coordinate system. F x is positive for
compression.
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463
C GAP Element C oordinate System
10. For more information on using nonlinear gaps, refer to the Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
section of the User's Guide.
11. Heat transfer properties can be defined for Gap elements using the PGAPHT bulk data
entry.
12. This card is represented as a gap or mass element in HyperMesh.
464

Altair Engineering
CGAPG
Bulk Data Entry
CGAPG General Node-to-Obstacle Gap Element
Description
Defines a node-to-obstacle gap element. The obstacle may be an element face or a patch of
nodes.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GAPG
EID
PID
GA
TYP
X1/G0
X2
X3
C ID
GB1/ELIDB
GB2/G1
GB3/G3
or G4
GB4/
GB5
GB6
GB7
GB8
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C GAPG
233
ELEM
3.0
-1.0
1.0
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
257
Example 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C GAPG
233
QUAD
110
111
114
113
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465
Field
Contents
EID

PID
Identification number of a PGAP entry.

GA
Grid point serving as end A of CGAPG.

TYP
Character string indicating the type of obstacle on the B end of CGAPG

(opposing node GA):
QUAD indicates that the obstacle is defined as a quadrilateral patch of grid
points. The patch is defined with grid identification numbers GB#.
TRIA indicates that the obstacle is defined as a triangular patch of grid
points. The patch is defined with grid identification numbers GB#.
ELEM indicates that the obstacle is defined as element face.
No default (QUAD, TRIA or ELEM)
X1, X2, X3 Components of the orientation vector, from GA, in the displacement
coordinate system at GA.
Default determined automatically See comment 6. (Real)
G0
Alternate method to supply orientation vector, using grid point G0.

Direction of orientation vector is from GA to G0.
CID
Prescribed element coordinate system identification number. CID, when

prescribed, is used to define both the gap axis and orientation vector.
Additional keywords that can be used in this field:
FLIP reverses the default orientation of gap axis, so it points from
obstacle B towards GA.
PUSHOUT for obstacles defined as solid elements using ELIDB, gap axis is
automatically defined so as to create pushout force that prevents GA
466

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
from entering the interior of the element ELIDB.
PUSHNORM gap axis is automatically defined so as to create pushout
force from obstacle B towards GA along the default vector normal to the
obstacle B.
PUSHREVN creates pushout force reversed relative to the PUSHNORM
option.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, FLIP, PUSHOUT, PUSHNORM, PUSHREVN, or
blank). See comments 2 through 5.
GB#
Grid identification number of the grid surface patch on the B (obstacle)

end of the CGAPG element. GB1 to GB3 are required.
No default (Integer > 0). See comment 7.
ELIDB
Element identification number of the element on the B (obstacle) end of

the CGAPG element.
G1
For solid element ELIDB: identification number of a grid point connected to

a corner of the face that defines the second end of the CGAPG element.
For PYRA elements, this grid must be on an edge of the quadrilateral face.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank). See comments 8 through 11.
G3
For solid element ELIDB: identification number of a grid point connected to

a corner diagonally opposite to G1 on the same face of a HEXA or PENTA
element. Needed only if G1 has been specified. It is required data for
quadrilateral faces of HEXA and PENTA elements only (Integer or blank).
G3 must be omitted for a triangular surface on a PENTA element and the
quadrilateral face on a PYRA element. For triangular faces of PYRA
elements, this grid must be on the edge next to the quadrilateral face. G1
and G3 must define a positive direction into the element using the right
hand rule.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank). See comments 8 through 11.
G4
For solid element ELIDB: identification number of the TETRA grid point
located at the corner, not on the face being loaded. This is used for
TETRA elements only. It is required data if G1 has been specified.
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467
Comments
1.
CGAPG defines a contact element between a point and an obstacle. The obstacle may be
defined as a patch of nodes or as an element face. See figure below:
Typical configuration of C GAPG between node GA and a grid patch GB1GB4.
2.
The gap element coordinate system is defined via one of the following methods:
Prescribed CID: if the coordinate system CID is specified, the element coordinate
system is established using that coordinate system. In this case, the element x-axis is
in the coordinate systems 1-direction, and the y-axis is in the coordinate systems 2direction (for rectangular coordinate systems; the 1-direction is the x-direction and
the 2-direction is the y-direction). The orientation vector will be ignored in this case.
CID field blank: if the CID field is blank and the grid point GA does not lie on the
element face or node patch (distance from GA to the surface > 10-4), then the x-axis
is defined along the shortest distance from GA to the element face or node patch. The
orientation of gap x-axis points from GA towards the patch or element face (see figure
above). The orientation vector defines the x-y plane of the gap coordinate system
(similarly as for the CGAP element).
If the grid point GA lies on the element face or node patch (distance from GA to the
surface < 10-4), then CID must be prescribed.
FLIP option: the x-axis of the gap coordinate system is reversed with respect to the
default orientation described above. This option is useful when meshes of bodies A
and B overlap rather than have a gap between them (See comment 5).
PUSHOUT option: the x-axis of the gap coordinate system is oriented so as to prevent
GA from entering interior of body B. This is only available for obstacles defined as 3D
solid elements with ELIDB.
468

Altair Engineering
With the PUSHNORM option, the gap axis is so oriented so as to produce pushout
force from obstacle B towards GA along the default normal vector to the obstacle
element face or node patch. (Note that this pushout force direction is opposite to the
gap axis, which points from GA towards the obstacle.)
In cases when GA does not have a direct normal projection onto the obstacle B, and
the "shortest distance" projection is used (GAPGPRJ set to SHORT on the GAPPRM
card), the pushout force is oriented along the shortest distance line, yet with the
orientation aligned with the normal vector.
PUSHREVN creates pushout force reversed relative to the PUSHNORM option.
Note that for faces on solid elements, the default normal is pointing inwards, so that it
is the PUSHREVN option that will prevent penetration (PUSHOUT is a more
straightforward option to use on solid faces).
3.
In typical applications, leaving the CID field blank is appropriate when the node GA and
the obstacle are initially separated; that is, there is a gap between respective bodies A
and B (see figure above). If the meshes of bodies A and B overlap, then a coordinate
system CID should be specified (See comment 4). Alternatively, and usually more
intuitively, one of the FLIP, PUSHOUT, PUSHNORM, or PUSHREVN options may be used.
4.
When prescribing the gap coordinate system CID, it is essential to assure that the
resulting gap x-axis points in the general direction from body A (the one associated with
node GA) towards body B (the one associated with element ELIDB or patch GB#). This
assures that the gap element will act to prevent the contact/overlap of these bodies. An
incorrect orientation of the x-axis will result in the gap element being ineffective or can
even act to "glue" the bodies together rather than prevent their overlap. The solver
checks for such misalignment and prints respective error and warning messages. For more
information, see the GAPPRM bulk data card.
5.
The FLIP option in the CID field is useful when the meshes of bodies A and B overlap
rather than have a gap between them. In such cases, the default gap axis vector would
be opposite to the overall direction from body A to body B, and therefore would produce a
"gluing" effect rather than a resolution of the contact condition. The FLIP option reverses
the default gap direction so that the gap axis correctly points from the bulk of body A
towards body B in such cases.
Aside from setting the FLIP option or prescribing CID to correctly resolve the cases with
initial penetration, U0 on the PGAP card needs to be properly set to a negative value or
an AUTO option needs to be used in the U0 field.
6.
If neither coordinate system CID nor orientation vector is specified, the orientation vector
is defined automatically as a vector aligned with the axis of the basic coordinate system
that makes the largest angle with the gap direction (gap x-axis).
7.
GB# are required when TYP is QUAD or TRIA. At least 3, and at most 8, grid IDs may be
specified for GB#. Triangular and quadrilateral element definition sequences apply for the
order of GB# (see below). Missing mid-side nodes are allowed.
Altair Engineering

469
Quadrilateral and triangular surface patches as defined when TYP is QUAD or TRIA.
8.
If ELIDB represents a solid element and G1, G3/G4 fields are blank, then the element face
closest to the grid GA is selected as the respective obstacle face.
Note that if the meshes are overlapping (such as in the case of initial penetration), this
option should not be used, and the contact face should be explicitly prescribed.
Otherwise, the face closest to GA may be an internal face within the solid body, rather
than the outside surface of body B.
9.
G1 and G3 are ignored for shell elements (TRIA3, QUAD4, TRIA6 and QUAD8).
10. For triangular faces of PENTA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid
point that is on the face being loaded and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For faces of
TETRA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid point that is on the face
being loaded and G4 is an identification number of the corner grid point that is not on the
face being loaded. Since a TETRA has only four corner points, this point, G4, is unique
and different for each of the four faces of a TETRA element.
11. For the quadrilateral face of the PYRA element, G1 is an identification number of a corner
grid point on the face and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For the triangular faces, G1 and
G3 must specify the grids on the edge of the face that borders the quadrilateral face and
the grids must be ordered so that they define an inward normal using the right hand rule.
12. The element coordinate system does not rotate as a result of deformation.
13. Initial gap openings are specified on the PGAP entry and not derived from the separation
distance between GA and GB, unless the AUTO option is used on the PGAP card.
14. Gap forces, which are requested with the FORCE card in the I/O Options or Subcase
Information sections, are output in the gap element coordinate system. F x is positive for
compression.
15. For linear subcases, the CGAPG element will produce a linear stiffness matrix which
remains linear with the initial stiffness. The stiffness used depends on the value for the
initial gap opening (U0 field in the PGAP entry).
16. For more information on using nonlinear gaps, refer to the Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
section of the User's Guide.
470

Altair Engineering
17. This card is represented as a gap or mass element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

471
CGASK6
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK6 Five-sided Solid Gasket Element with Six Grid Nodes
Description
Defining the connections of the GASK6 solid gasket element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK6
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK6
71
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PGASK property entry.

G#

Comments
1.
472

Altair Engineering
2.
Grid points G1, , G3 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. G4, , G6 must be on the top face with G4 opposite G1, G5 opposite G2,
and so on.
3.
If the user-prescribed node numbering on the bottom and top faces is reversed as
compared to the sequence shown above, then the nodes are renumbered to produce
right-handed orientation of numbering. This is accomplished by swapping nodes G1 with
G3 and G4 with G6. In such cases, the element local coordinate system will be built on
the renumbered node sequence.
4.
The element coordinate system for the CGASK6 element is defined below.
The local 3-direction (the gasket material thickness direction in default) is defined as the
simple average of the unit normal directions on the top and bottom surfaces of the
element. After the local 3-direction is defined, a local 1-2 plane is generated accordingly.
Then, the local 1-direction and 2-direction are defined as follows: Project the basic x-axis
onto the local 1-2 plane, and set it to be the default local 1-direction. If the basic x-axis
is within 0.1 difference as the local 3-direction, project the basic z-axis onto the local 12 plane and set it to be the local 1-direction. The local 2-direction is determined then.
5.
The gasket material coordinate system is the same as the element coordinate system in
default and can be defined as a prescribed system through PGASK entry.
6.
This card is represented as a gask6 element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

473
CGASK8
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK8 Six-sided Solid Gasket Element with Eight Grid Nodes
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK8
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK8
71
10
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID

G#

474

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
2.
Grid points G1, , G4 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. G5, , G8 must be on the top face with G5 opposite G1, G6 opposite G2,
and so on.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Altair Engineering

475
CGASK12
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK12 Five-sided Solid Gasket Element with Twelve Grid Nodes
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK12
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK12
71
10
11
12
13
14
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID

G#

476

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
2.
Corner grid points G1, , G3 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Corner grid points G4, , G6 must be on the top face with G4 opposite
G1, G5 opposite G2, and so on.
Edge grid points G7, , G9 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Edge grid points G10, , G12 must be on the top face with G10 opposite
3.
4.
5.
6.
Altair Engineering

477
CGASK16
Bulk Data Entry
CGASK16 Six-sided Solid Gasket Element with Sixteen Grid Nodes
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK16
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
G16
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C GASK16
71
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID

478

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
G#

Comments
1.
2.
Corner grid points G1, , G4 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Corner grid points G5, , G8 must be on the top face with G5 opposite
Edge grid points G9, , G12 must be given in consecutive order at the bottom face of the
gasket element. Edge grid points G13, , G16 must be on the top face with G13 opposite
3.
4.
5.
Altair Engineering

479
6.
480

Altair Engineering
CHACAB
Bulk Data Entry
CHACAB Six-sided, Frequency-dependent Structural Acoustic Absorber Element
Description
Defines the frequency-dependent structural acoustic absorber element in coupled fluidstructural analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C HAC AB
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G17
G18
G19
G20
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C HAC AB
71
10
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PACABS property entry.

Altair Engineering

481
Field
Contents
Gi

Input File - chacab.fem

$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$ NASTRAN Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 8.0SR1
$
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Nastran Template Version : 8.0sr1
$$
$
$$
Template: general
$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Executive Control Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SOL 111
CEND
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Case Control Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SET 1 = 1734
DISPLACEMENT = 1
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP
1"Load2"
SUBCASE
1
LABEL=
Load2
SPC =
4
FREQUENCY =
5
DLOAD =
2
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Bulk Data Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
BEGIN BULK
$CHEXA
1056
2
1650
1661
1662
$+
1683
1672
CHACAB
1056
100
1650
1645
1657
+
1671
1672
PACABS,100,YES,1,2,3,1.5,10.0,2.0
PARAM,G,0.001
PARAM,COUPMASS,-1
PARAM,POST,-1
$ACMODL
DIFF
0.1
$$
EIGRL,20,,,300
EIGRL,21,,,300
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID
1
2.0
2.0
0.0
GRID
2
2.0
1.5
0.0
GRID
3
2.0
1.0
0.0
GRID
4
2.0
0.5
0.0
GRID
5
2.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
6
2.0
-0.5
0.0
GRID
7
2.0
-1.0
0.0
GRID
8
2.0
-1.5
0.0
GRID
9
2.0
-2.0
0.0
482
1651
1658
1671
1676
1682+
1675+
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
Altair Engineering
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
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0.5
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-1
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483
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
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GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
484
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
-2.0
-2.0
-2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
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2.5
2.5
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-1
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-1
-1
-1
-1

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
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GRID
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GRID
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GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
Altair Engineering
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
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1.0
0.5
0.5
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-1
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-1

485
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
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GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
486
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
-1.5
-2.0
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-1
-1
-1
-1

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
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GRID
GRID
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GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
Altair Engineering
1.0
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.0
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-2.5
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2.0
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2.5
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0.5
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1.0
-2.0
5.0
1.0
-1.5
5.0
1.0
-1.0
5.0
1.0
-0.5
5.0
1.0
-3.0E-165.0
1.0
0.5
5.0
1.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
1.5
5.0
1.0
2.4964644.995528
1.0
2.0
5.0
1.5
-2.496464.995528
1.5
-2.0
5.0
1.5
-1.5
5.0
1.5
-1.0
5.0
1.5
-0.5
5.0
1.5
-2.8E-165.0
1.5
0.5
5.0
1.5
1.0
5.0
1.5
1.5
5.0
1.5
2.4964644.995528
1.5
2.0
5.0
2.0
-2.496464.995528
2.496152-2.496154.994037
2.0
-2.0
5.0
2.496464-2.0
4.995528
2.0
-1.5
5.0
2.496464-1.5
4.995528
2.0
-1.0
5.0
2.496464-1.0
4.995528
2.0
-0.5
5.0
2.496464-0.5
4.995528
2.0
-2.4E-165.0
2.496464-1.8E-164.995528
2.0
0.5
5.0
2.4964640.5
4.995528
2.0
1.0
5.0
2.4964641.0
4.995528
2.0
1.5
5.0
2.4964641.5
4.995528
2.0
2.4964644.995528
2.0
2.0
5.0
2.4964642.0
4.995528
2.4961522.4961524.994037
-2.49776-2.497764.0
-2.5
-2.0
4.0
-2.5
-1.5
4.0
-2.5
-1.0
4.0
-2.5
-0.5
4.0
-2.5
1.07E-164.0
-2.5
0.5
4.0
-2.5
1.0
4.0
-2.5
1.5
4.0
-2.497762.4977644.0
-2.5
2.0
4.0
-2.0
-2.5
4.0
-2.0
2.5
4.0
-1.5
-2.5
4.0
-1.5
2.5
4.0
-1.0
-2.5
4.0
-1.0
2.5
4.0
-0.5
-2.5
4.0
-0.5
2.5
4.0

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
Altair Engineering
-2.5E-16-2.5
4.0
-2.3E-162.5
4.0
0.5
-2.5
4.0
0.5
2.5
4.0
1.0
-2.5
4.0
1.0
2.5
4.0
1.5
-2.5
4.0
1.5
2.5
4.0
2.0
-2.5
4.0
2.497764-2.497764.0
2.5
-2.0
4.0
2.5
-1.5
4.0
2.5
-1.0
4.0
2.5
-0.5
4.0
2.5
-1.0E-164.0
2.5
0.5
4.0
2.5
1.0
4.0
2.5
1.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
4.0
2.5
2.0
4.0
2.4977642.4977644.0
-2.49776-2.497763.0
-2.5
-2.0
3.0
-2.5
-1.5
3.0
-2.5
-1.0
3.0
-2.5
-0.5
3.0
-2.5
-5.4E-183.0
-2.5
0.5
3.0
-2.5
1.0
3.0
-2.5
1.5
3.0
-2.497762.4977643.0
-2.5
2.0
3.0
-2.0
-2.5
3.0
-2.0
2.5
3.0
-1.5
-2.5
3.0
-1.5
2.5
3.0
-1.0
-2.5
3.0
-1.0
2.5
3.0
-0.5
-2.5
3.0
-0.5
2.5
3.0
-2.9E-18-2.5
3.0
-3.1E-182.5
3.0
0.5
-2.5
3.0
0.5
2.5
3.0
1.0
-2.5
3.0
1.0
2.5
3.0
1.5
-2.5
3.0
1.5
2.5
3.0
2.0
-2.5
3.0
2.497764-2.497763.0
2.5
-2.0
3.0
2.5
-1.5
3.0
2.5
-1.0
3.0
2.5
-0.5
3.0
2.5
-3.4E-183.0
2.5
0.5
3.0
2.5
1.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
3.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
3.0
2.4977642.4977643.0
-2.49776-2.497762.0
-2.5
-2.0
2.0
-2.5
-1.5
2.0
-2.5
-1.0
2.0
-2.5
-0.5
2.0
-2.5
-5.0E-182.0
-2.5
0.5
2.0
-2.5
1.0
2.0

497
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
498
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
-2.5
1.5
2.0
-2.497762.4977642.0
-2.5
2.0
2.0
-2.0
-2.5
2.0
-2.0
2.5
2.0
-1.5
-2.5
2.0
-1.5
2.5
2.0
-1.0
-2.5
2.0
-1.0
2.5
2.0
-0.5
-2.5
2.0
-0.5
2.5
2.0
-2.5E-18-2.5
2.0
-2.5E-182.5
2.0
0.5
-2.5
2.0
0.5
2.5
2.0
1.0
-2.5
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
-2.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
-2.5
2.0
2.497764-2.497762.0
2.5
-2.0
2.0
2.5
-1.5
2.0
2.5
-1.0
2.0
2.5
-0.5
2.0
2.5
-3.1E-182.0
2.5
0.5
2.0
2.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.4977642.4977642.0
-2.49776-2.497761.0
-2.5
-2.0
1.0
-2.5
-1.5
1.0
-2.5
-1.0
1.0
-2.5
-0.5
1.0
-2.5
-3.5E-181.0
-2.5
0.5
1.0
-2.5
1.0
1.0
-2.5
1.5
1.0
-2.497762.4977641.0
-2.5
2.0
1.0
-2.0
-2.5
1.0
-2.0
2.5
1.0
-1.5
-2.5
1.0
-1.5
2.5
1.0
-1.0
-2.5
1.0
-1.0
2.5
1.0
-0.5
-2.5
1.0
-0.5
2.5
1.0
-2.5E-18-2.5
1.0
-2.5E-182.5
1.0
0.5
-2.5
1.0
0.5
2.5
1.0
1.0
-2.5
1.0
1.0
2.5
1.0
1.5
-2.5
1.0
1.5
2.5
1.0
2.0
-2.5
1.0
2.497764-2.497761.0
2.5
-2.0
1.0
2.5
-1.5
1.0
2.5
-1.0
1.0
2.5
-0.5
1.0
2.5
-2.9E-181.0
2.5
0.5
1.0
2.5
1.0
1.0
2.5
1.5
1.0

Altair Engineering
GRID
1731
2.0
2.5
1.0
GRID
1732
2.5
2.0
1.0
GRID
1733
2.4977642.4977641.0
GRID
1734
-0.25
3.33E-165.0
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Group Definitions
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ RBE2 Elements - Multiple dependent nodes
$$
RBE2
1553
1734 123456
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482+
+
1489
1493
1500
1504
1511
1515
1522
1526+
+
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
$
$HMMOVE
6
$
1553
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4
1101
4
1332
1341
1342
1333
CQUAD4
1102
4
1333
1342
1343
1334
CQUAD4
1103
4
1334
1343
1344
1335
CQUAD4
1104
4
1335
1344
1345
1336
CQUAD4
1105
4
1336
1345
1346
1337
CQUAD4
1106
4
1337
1346
1347
1338
CQUAD4
1107
4
1338
1347
1348
1339
CQUAD4
1108
4
1339
1348
1349
1340
CQUAD4
1109
4
1341
1350
1351
1342
CQUAD4
1110
4
1342
1351
1352
1343
CQUAD4
1111
4
1343
1352
1353
1344
CQUAD4
1112
4
1344
1353
1354
1345
CQUAD4
1113
4
1345
1354
1355
1346
CQUAD4
1114
4
1346
1355
1356
1347
CQUAD4
1115
4
1347
1356
1357
1348
CQUAD4
1116
4
1348
1357
1358
1349
CQUAD4
1117
4
1350
1359
1360
1351
CQUAD4
1118
4
1351
1360
1361
1352
CQUAD4
1119
4
1352
1361
1362
1353
CQUAD4
1120
4
1353
1362
1363
1354
CQUAD4
1121
4
1354
1363
1364
1355
CQUAD4
1122
4
1355
1364
1365
1356
CQUAD4
1123
4
1356
1365
1366
1357
CQUAD4
1124
4
1357
1366
1367
1358
CQUAD4
1125
4
1359
1368
1369
1360
CQUAD4
1126
4
1360
1369
1370
1361
CQUAD4
1127
4
1361
1370
1371
1362
CQUAD4
1128
4
1362
1371
1372
1363
CQUAD4
1129
4
1363
1372
1373
1364
CQUAD4
1130
4
1364
1373
1374
1365
CQUAD4
1131
4
1365
1374
1375
1366
CQUAD4
1132
4
1366
1375
1376
1367
CQUAD4
1133
4
1368
1377
1378
1369
CQUAD4
1134
4
1369
1378
1379
1370
CQUAD4
1135
4
1370
1379
1380
1371
CQUAD4
1136
4
1371
1380
1381
1372
CQUAD4
1137
4
1372
1381
1382
1373
CQUAD4
1138
4
1373
1382
1383
1374
CQUAD4
1139
4
1374
1383
1384
1375
CQUAD4
1140
4
1375
1384
1385
1376
CQUAD4
1141
4
1377
1386
1387
1378
CQUAD4
1142
4
1378
1387
1388
1379
CQUAD4
1143
4
1379
1388
1389
1380
CQUAD4
1144
4
1380
1389
1390
1381
CQUAD4
1145
4
1381
1390
1391
1382
CQUAD4
1146
4
1382
1391
1392
1383
Altair Engineering

499
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
500
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1383
1384
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1431
1433
1421
1340
1435
1349
1437
1358
1439
1367
1441
1376
1443
1385
1445
1394
1447
1403
1449
1412
1431
1413
1414
1433
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1432
1434
1436
1435
1392
1393
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1433
1435
1340
1349
1437
1358
1439
1367
1441
1376
1443
1385
1445
1394
1447
1403
1449
1412
1451
1430
1733
1732
1730
1731
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1719
1720
1393
1394
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1332
1341
1434
1436
1350
1438
1359
1440
1368
1442
1377
1444
1386
1446
1395
1448
1404
1450
1422
1452
1731
1733
1732
1720
1730
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1718
1384
1385
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1332
1432
1434
1341
1436
1350
1438
1359
1440
1368
1442
1377
1444
1386
1446
1395
1448
1404
1450
1433
1431
1413
1435
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1432
1434
1437

Altair Engineering
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
Altair Engineering
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1438
1437
1440
1439
1442
1441
1444
1443
1446
1445
1448
1447
1450
1449
1452
1451
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1732
1733
1730
1731
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1719
1720
1717
1718
1715
1716
1713
1714
1711
1712
1709
1710
1707
1708
1705
1706
1694
1703
1704
1702
1701
1700
1699
1698
1697
1696
1695
1692
1693
1690
1691
1717
1718
1715
1716
1713
1714
1711
1712
1709
1710
1707
1708
1705
1706
1694
1703
1704
1702
1701
1700
1699
1698
1697
1696
1695
1692
1693
1690
1691
1689
1688
1687
1686
1685
1684
1683
1682
1681
1679
1680
1677
1678
1675
1676
1673
1674
1671
1672
1669
1670
1667
1668
1665
1666
1654
1663
1664
1662
1661
1660
1659
1658
1657
1656
1655
1652
1653
1650
1651
1719
1716
1717
1714
1715
1712
1713
1710
1711
1708
1709
1706
1707
1703
1705
1704
1702
1701
1700
1699
1698
1697
1696
1695
1694
1693
1691
1692
1680
1690
1689
1688
1687
1686
1685
1684
1683
1682
1681
1678
1679
1676
1677
1674
1675
1672
1673
1670
1671
1668
1669
1666
1667
1663
1665
1664
1662
1661
1660
1659
1658
1657
1656
1655
1654
1653
1651
1652
1640
1436
1439
1438
1441
1440
1443
1442
1445
1444
1447
1446
1449
1448
1451
1450
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1452
1733
1731
1732
1720
1730
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1718
1719
1716
1717
1714
1715
1712
1713
1710
1711
1708
1709
1706
1707
1703
1705
1704
1702
1701
1700
1699
1698
1697
1696
1695
1694
1693
1691
1692
1680

501
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
502
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1689
1688
1687
1686
1685
1684
1683
1682
1681
1679
1680
1677
1678
1675
1676
1673
1674
1671
1672
1669
1670
1667
1668
1665
1666
1654
1663
1664
1662
1661
1660
1659
1658
1657
1656
1655
1652
1653
1650
1651
1649
1648
1647
1646
1645
1644
1643
1642
1641
1639
1640
1637
1638
1635
1636
1633
1634
1631
1632
1629
1630
1627
1628
1625
1626
1614
1623
1624
1622
1649
1648
1647
1646
1645
1644
1643
1642
1641
1639
1640
1637
1638
1635
1636
1633
1634
1631
1632
1629
1630
1627
1628
1625
1626
1614
1623
1624
1622
1621
1620
1619
1618
1617
1616
1615
1612
1613
1610
1611
1609
1608
1607
1606
1605
1604
1603
1602
1601
1599
1600
1597
1598
1595
1596
1593
1594
1591
1592
1589
1590
1587
1588
1585
1586
1574
1583
1584
1582
1650
1649
1648
1647
1646
1645
1644
1643
1642
1641
1638
1639
1636
1637
1634
1635
1632
1633
1630
1631
1628
1629
1626
1627
1623
1625
1624
1622
1621
1620
1619
1618
1617
1616
1615
1614
1613
1611
1612
1600
1610
1609
1608
1607
1606
1605
1604
1603
1602
1601
1598
1599
1596
1597
1594
1595
1592
1593
1590
1591
1588
1589
1586
1587
1583
1585
1584
1582
1581
1690
1689
1688
1687
1686
1685
1684
1683
1682
1681
1678
1679
1676
1677
1674
1675
1672
1673
1670
1671
1668
1669
1666
1667
1663
1665
1664
1662
1661
1660
1659
1658
1657
1656
1655
1654
1653
1651
1652
1640
1650
1649
1648
1647
1646
1645
1644
1643
1642
1641
1638
1639
1636
1637
1634
1635
1632
1633
1630
1631
1628
1629
1626
1627
1623
1625
1624
1622
1621

Altair Engineering
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1429
1430
Altair Engineering
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1621
1620
1619
1618
1617
1616
1615
1612
1613
1610
1572
1611
1569
1609
1567
1608
1565
1607
1563
1606
1561
1605
1559
1604
1557
1603
1555
1602
1601
1553
1599
1571
1568
1600
1566
1564
1562
1560
1558
1556
1554
1552
1597
1551
1549
1598
1548
1547
1546
1545
1544
1543
1542
1541
1595
1540
1538
1596
1537
1532
1531
1530
1593
1529
1527
1594
1526
1521
1520
1581
1580
1579
1578
1577
1576
1575
1572
1573
1569
1571
1570
1568
1567
1566
1565
1564
1563
1562
1561
1560
1559
1558
1557
1556
1555
1554
1553
1552
1552
1541
1551
1549
1550
1548
1547
1546
1545
1544
1543
1542
1541
1530
1540
1538
1539
1537
1536
1535
1534
1533
1532
1531
1530
1519
1529
1527
1528
1526
1521
1520
1519
1508
1518
1516
1517
1515
1510
1509
1580
1579
1578
1577
1576
1575
1574
1573
1570
1572
1570
1550
1571
1569
1568
1567
1566
1565
1564
1563
1562
1561
1560
1559
1558
1557
1556
1555
1553
1554
1552
1550
1551
1539
1549
1548
1547
1546
1545
1544
1543
1542
1541
1539
1540
1528
1538
1537
1536
1535
1534
1533
1532
1531
1530
1528
1529
1517
1527
1522
1521
1520
1519
1517
1518
1506
1516
1511
1510
1620
1619
1618
1617
1616
1615
1614
1613
1611
1612
1573
1600
1572
1610
1569
1609
1567
1608
1565
1607
1563
1606
1561
1605
1559
1604
1557
1603
1602
1555
1601
1570
1571
1598
1568
1566
1564
1562
1560
1558
1556
1554
1599
1550
1551
1596
1549
1548
1547
1546
1545
1544
1543
1542
1597
1539
1540
1594
1538
1533
1532
1531
1595
1528
1529
1592
1527
1522
1521

503
CQUAD4
1431
4
1519
CQUAD4
1432
4
1591
CQUAD4
1433
4
1518
CQUAD4
1434
4
1516
CQUAD4
1435
4
1592
CQUAD4
1436
4
1515
CQUAD4
1441
4
1510
CQUAD4
1442
4
1509
CQUAD4
1443
4
1508
CQUAD4
1444
4
1589
CQUAD4
1445
4
1507
CQUAD4
1446
4
1505
CQUAD4
1447
4
1590
CQUAD4
1448
4
1504
CQUAD4
1453
4
1499
CQUAD4
1454
4
1498
CQUAD4
1455
4
1497
CQUAD4
1456
4
1587
CQUAD4
1457
4
1496
CQUAD4
1458
4
1494
CQUAD4
1459
4
1588
CQUAD4
1460
4
1493
CQUAD4
1465
4
1488
CQUAD4
1466
4
1487
CQUAD4
1467
4
1486
CQUAD4
1468
4
1585
CQUAD4
1469
4
1485
CQUAD4
1470
4
1483
CQUAD4
1471
4
1586
CQUAD4
1472
4
1482
CQUAD4
1473
4
1481
CQUAD4
1474
4
1480
CQUAD4
1475
4
1479
CQUAD4
1476
4
1478
CQUAD4
1477
4
1477
CQUAD4
1478
4
1476
CQUAD4
1479
4
1475
CQUAD4
1480
4
1574
CQUAD4
1481
4
1583
CQUAD4
1482
4
1474
CQUAD4
1483
4
1584
CQUAD4
1484
4
1472
CQUAD4
1485
4
1582
CQUAD4
1486
4
1471
CQUAD4
1487
4
1581
CQUAD4
1488
4
1470
CQUAD4
1489
4
1580
CQUAD4
1490
4
1469
CQUAD4
1491
4
1579
CQUAD4
1492
4
1468
CQUAD4
1493
4
1578
CQUAD4
1494
4
1467
CQUAD4
1495
4
1577
CQUAD4
1496
4
1466
CQUAD4
1497
4
1576
CQUAD4
1498
4
1465
CQUAD4
1499
4
1575
CQUAD4
1500
4
1464
$
$
CHEXA
601
1
100
+
729
728
CHEXA
602
1
82
+
732
731
CHEXA
603
1
83
+
734
733
CHEXA
604
1
84
+
736
735
504
1508
1497
1507
1505
1506
1504
1499
1498
1497
1486
1496
1494
1495
1493
1488
1487
1486
1475
1485
1483
1484
1482
1477
1476
1475
1464
1474
1472
1473
1471
1470
1469
1468
1467
1466
1465
1464
1453
1462
1463
1463
1461
1461
1460
1460
1459
1459
1458
1458
1457
1457
1456
1456
1455
1455
1454
1454
1453
1509
1508
1506
1507
1495
1505
1500
1499
1498
1497
1495
1496
1484
1494
1489
1488
1487
1486
1484
1485
1473
1483
1478
1477
1476
1475
1473
1474
1462
1472
1471
1470
1469
1468
1467
1466
1465
1464
1463
1462
1461
1463
1460
1461
1459
1460
1458
1459
1457
1458
1456
1457
1455
1456
1454
1455
1453
1454
1520
1593
1517
1518
1590
1516
1511
1510
1509
1591
1506
1507
1588
1505
1500
1499
1498
1589
1495
1496
1586
1494
1489
1488
1487
1587
1484
1485
1583
1483
1482
1481
1480
1479
1478
1477
1476
1585
1584
1473
1582
1474
1581
1472
1580
1471
1579
1470
1578
1469
1577
1468
1576
1467
1575
1466
1574
1465
102
82
727
730+
83
728
729+
84
731
732+
85
733
734+

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
605
738
606
740
607
742
608
744
609
746
610
748
611
749
612
751
613
752
614
753
615
754
616
755
617
756
618
757
619
758
620
759
621
760
622
762
623
763
624
764
625
765
626
766
627
767
628
768
629
769
630
770
631
771
632
773
633
774
634
775
635
776
636
777
637
778
638
779
639
Altair Engineering
1
737
1
739
1
741
1
743
1
745
1
747
1
729
1
732
1
734
1
736
1
738
1
740
1
742
1
744
1
746
1
748
1
749
1
751
1
752
1
753
1
754
1
755
1
756
1
757
1
758
1
759
1
760
1
762
1
763
1
764
1
765
1
766
1
767
1
768
1
85
86
735
736+
86
87
737
738+
87
88
739
740+
88
89
741
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89
90
743
744+
90
103
101
745
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102
104
10
730
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10
11
729
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11
12
732
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734
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736
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738
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740
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744
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18
105
103
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104
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19
10
750
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10
19
20
11
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11
20
21
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751
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12
21
22
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752
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22
23
14
753
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14
23
24
15
754
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15
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25
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755
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16
25
26
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756
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26
27
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757
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18
27
107
105
758
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106
108
28
19
761
772+
19
28
29
20
760
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20
29
30
21
762
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21
30
31
22
763
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22
31
32
23
764
775+
23
32
33
24
765
776+
24
33
34
25
766
777+
25
34
35
26
767
778+
26
35
36
27
768
779+

505
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CHEXA
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506
780
640
781
641
782
642
784
643
785
644
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645
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646
788
647
789
648
790
649
791
650
792
651
793
652
795
653
796
654
797
655
798
656
799
657
800
658
801
659
802
660
803
661
804
662
806
663
807
664
808
665
809
666
810
667
811
668
812
669
813
670
814
671
815
672
817
673
818
769
1
770
1
771
1
773
1
774
1
775
1
776
1
777
1
778
1
779
1
780
1
781
1
782
1
784
1
785
1
786
1
787
1
788
1
789
1
790
1
791
1
792
1
793
1
795
1
796
1
797
1
798
1
799
1
800
1
801
1
802
1
803
1
804
1
806
1
807
27
36
109
107
769
780+
108
110
37
28
772
783+
28
37
38
29
771
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29
38
39
30
773
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30
39
40
31
774
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31
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41
32
775
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41
42
33
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33
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43
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777
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34
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44
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36
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111
109
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110
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46
37
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38
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48
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49
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51
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52
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52
53
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54
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790
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54
113
111
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112
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55
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794
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56
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793
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57
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57
58
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59
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797
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60
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798
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51
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61
52
799
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62
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800
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63
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801
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54
63
115
113
802
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114
116
64
55
805
816+
55
64
65
56
804
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56
65
66
57
806
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674
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680
825
681
826
682
828
683
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684
830
685
831
686
832
687
833
688
834
689
835
690
836
691
837
692
839
693
840
694
841
695
842
696
843
697
844
698
845
699
846
700
847
701
850
702
853
703
855
704
857
705
859
706
861
707
863
708
Altair Engineering
1
808
1
809
1
810
1
811
1
812
1
813
1
814
1
815
1
817
1
818
1
819
1
820
1
821
1
822
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823
1
824
1
825
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1
828
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830
1
831
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832
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833
1
834
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1
849
1
852
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854
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856
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858
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860
1
862
1
57
66
67
58
807
818+
58
67
68
59
808
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59
68
69
60
809
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60
69
70
61
810
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61
70
71
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811
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71
72
63
812
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72
117
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73
64
816
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121
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727
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742
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863+

507
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508
865
709
867
710
869
711
870
712
872
713
873
714
874
715
875
716
876
717
877
718
878
719
879
720
880
721
881
722
883
723
884
724
885
725
886
726
887
727
888
728
889
729
890
730
891
731
892
732
894
733
895
734
896
735
897
736
898
737
899
738
900
739
901
740
902
741
903
742
905
864
1
866
1
868
1
850
1
853
1
855
1
857
1
859
1
861
1
863
1
865
1
867
1
869
1
870
1
872
1
873
1
874
1
875
1
876
1
877
1
878
1
879
1
880
1
881
1
883
1
884
1
885
1
886
1
887
1
888
1
889
1
890
1
891
1
892
1
894
743
744
746
745
864
865+
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771
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Altair Engineering
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743
906
744
907
745
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910
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911
749
912
750
913
751
914
752
916
753
917
754
918
755
919
756
920
757
921
758
922
759
923
760
924
761
925
762
927
763
928
764
929
765
930
766
931
767
932
768
933
769
934
770
935
771
936
772
938
773
939
774
940
775
941
776
942
777
Altair Engineering
1
895
1
896
1
897
1
898
1
899
1
900
1
901
1
902
1
903
1
905
1
906
1
907
1
908
1
909
1
910
1
911
1
912
1
913
1
914
1
916
1
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1
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920
1
921
1
922
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1
924
1
925
1
927
1
928
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930
1
931
1
773
784
785
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894
905+
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783
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509
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510
943
778
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780
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781
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782
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783
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784
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785
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953
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790
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958
792
960
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803
976
804
978
805
980
806
982
807
984
808
986
809
988
810
990
811
991
932
1
933
1
934
1
935
1
936
1
938
1
939
1
940
1
941
1
942
1
943
1
944
1
945
1
946
1
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1
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1
950
1
951
1
952
1
953
1
954
1
955
1
956
1
957
1
970
1
973
1
975
1
977
1
979
1
981
1
983
1
985
1
987
1
989
1
971
811
822
823
812
932
943+
812
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824
813
933
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813
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825
814
934
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816
827
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937
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864
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866
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866
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851
871
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850
972
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Altair Engineering
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812
993
813
994
814
995
815
996
816
997
817
998
818
999
819
1000
820
1001
821
1002
822
1004
823
1005
824
1006
825
1007
826
1008
827
1009
828
1010
829
1011
830
1012
831
1013
832
1015
833
1016
834
1017
835
1018
836
1019
837
1020
838
1021
839
1022
840
1023
841
1024
842
1026
843
1027
844
1028
845
1029
846
Altair Engineering
1
974
1
976
1
978
1
980
1
982
1
984
1
986
1
988
1
990
1
991
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993
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994
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995
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998
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999
1
1000
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1001
1
1002
1
1004
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1005
1
1006
1
1007
1
1008
1
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1
1010
1
1011
1
1012
1
1013
1
1015
1
1016
1
1017
1
1018
1
850
870
872
853
971
991+
853
872
873
855
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855
873
874
857
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857
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875
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978
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859
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861
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878
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871
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870
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872
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889
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894
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885
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898
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908
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1017
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908
909
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1018
1029+

511
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512
1030
847
1031
848
1032
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1033
850
1034
851
1035
852
1037
853
1038
854
1039
855
1040
856
1041
857
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858
1043
859
1044
860
1045
861
1046
862
1048
863
1049
864
1050
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866
1052
867
1053
868
1054
869
1055
870
1056
871
1057
872
1059
873
1060
874
1061
875
1062
876
1063
877
1064
878
1065
879
1066
880
1067
1019
1
1020
1
1021
1
1022
1
1023
1
1024
1
1026
1
1027
1
1028
1
1029
1
1030
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
1051
1
1052
1
1053
1
1054
1
1055
1
1056
898
909
910
899
1019
1030+
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910
911
900
1020
1031+
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911
912
901
1021
1032+
901
912
913
902
1022
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903
1025
1036+
903
914
916
905
1024
1035+
905
916
917
906
1026
1037+
906
917
918
907
1027
1038+
907
918
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908
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1039+
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921
910
1030
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910
921
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911
1031
1042+
911
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912
1032
1043+
912
923
924
913
1033
1044+
915
926
925
914
1036
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914
925
927
916
1035
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916
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928
917
1037
1048+
917
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929
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1038
1049+
918
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930
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1050+
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920
931
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921
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921
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922
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934
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923
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926
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925
936
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927
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928
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940
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929
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930
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1061+
930
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931
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1062+
931
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932
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1063+
932
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933
1053
1064+
933
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945
934
1054
1065+
934
945
946
935
1055
1066+

Altair Engineering
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881
1068
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1070
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888
1076
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1077
890
1078
891
1079
892
1081
893
1082
894
1083
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1084
896
1085
897
1086
898
1087
899
1088
900
1089
901
1092
902
1095
903
1097
904
1099
905
1101
906
1103
907
1105
908
1107
909
1109
910
1111
911
1112
912
1114
913
1115
914
1116
915
Altair Engineering
1
1057
1
1059
1
1060
1
1061
1
1062
1
1063
1
1064
1
1065
1
1066
1
1067
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1068
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1070
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1
1072
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1074
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1
1076
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1077
1
1078
1
1091
1
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1
1096
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1098
1
1100
1
1102
1
1104
1
1106
1
1108
1
1110
1
1092
1
1095
1
1097
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1
937
948
947
936
1058
1069+
936
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938
1057
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938
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948
959
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955
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970
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970
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975
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978
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978
980
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980
982
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1103+
983
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993
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976
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1114+
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978
1097
1115+
978
995
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980
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1116+

513
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514
1117
916
1118
917
1119
918
1120
919
1121
920
1122
921
1123
922
1125
923
1126
924
1127
925
1128
926
1129
927
1130
928
1131
929
1132
930
1133
931
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932
1136
933
1137
934
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935
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936
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937
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938
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940
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943
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944
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945
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946
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947
1152
948
1153
949
1154
1101
1
1103
1
1105
1
1107
1
1109
1
1111
1
1112
1
1114
1
1115
1
1116
1
1117
1
1118
1
1119
1
1120
1
1121
1
1122
1
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1
1125
1
1126
1
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1
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1
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1
1130
1
1131
1
1132
1
1133
1
1134
1
1136
1
1137
1
1138
1
1139
1
1140
1
1141
1
1142
1
1143
980
996
997
982
1101
1117+
982
997
998
984
1103
1118+
984
998
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986
1105
1119+
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1000
988
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1000
1001
990
1109
1121+
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1003
1002
991
1113
1124+
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1002
1004
993
1112
1123+
993
1004
1005
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1114
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1006
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1126+
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999
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999
1010
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1000
1120
1131+
1000
1011
1012
1001
1121
1132+
1003
1014
1013
1002
1124
1135+
1002
1013
1015
1004
1123
1134+
1004
1015
1016
1005
1125
1136+
1005
1016
1017
1006
1126
1137+
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1017
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1007
1127
1138+
1007
1018
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1008
1128
1139+
1008
1019
1020
1009
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1140+
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1021
1010
1130
1141+
1010
1021
1022
1011
1131
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1011
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1023
1012
1132
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1014
1025
1024
1013
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1013
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1026
1015
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1015
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1016
1136
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1016
1027
1028
1017
1137
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1017
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1018
1138
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1018
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1139
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1019
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1031
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1020
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1032
1021
1141
1152+
1021
1032
1033
1022
1142
1153+

Altair Engineering
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950
1155
951
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954
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955
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956
1162
957
1163
958
1164
959
1165
960
1166
961
1167
962
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963
1170
964
1171
965
1172
966
1173
967
1174
968
1175
969
1176
970
1177
971
1178
972
1180
973
1181
974
1182
975
1183
976
1184
977
1185
978
1186
979
1187
980
1188
981
1189
982
1191
983
1192
984
Altair Engineering
1
1144
1
1145
1
1147
1
1148
1
1149
1
1150
1
1151
1
1152
1
1153
1
1154
1
1155
1
1156
1
1158
1
1159
1
1160
1
1161
1
1162
1
1163
1
1164
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1165
1
1166
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1167
1
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1
1170
1
1171
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1172
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1
1175
1
1176
1
1177
1
1178
1
1180
1
1181
1
1022
1033
1034
1023
1143
1154+
1025
1036
1035
1024
1146
1157+
1024
1035
1037
1026
1145
1156+
1026
1037
1038
1027
1147
1158+
1027
1038
1039
1028
1148
1159+
1028
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1040
1029
1149
1160+
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1030
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1161+
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1032
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1164+
1033
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1036
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1035
1157
1168+
1035
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1048
1037
1156
1167+
1037
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1038
1158
1169+
1038
1049
1050
1039
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1170+
1039
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1051
1040
1160
1171+
1040
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1052
1041
1161
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1041
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1053
1042
1162
1173+
1042
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1054
1043
1163
1174+
1043
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1055
1044
1164
1175+
1044
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1056
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1165
1176+
1047
1058
1057
1046
1168
1179+
1046
1057
1059
1048
1167
1178+
1048
1059
1060
1049
1169
1180+
1049
1060
1061
1050
1170
1181+
1050
1061
1062
1051
1171
1182+
1051
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1063
1052
1172
1183+
1052
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1064
1053
1173
1184+
1053
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1065
1054
1174
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1054
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1066
1055
1175
1186+
1055
1066
1067
1056
1176
1187+
1058
1069
1068
1057
1179
1190+
1057
1068
1070
1059
1178
1189+
1059
1070
1071
1060
1180
1191+
1060
1071
1072
1061
1181
1192+

515
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516
1193
985
1194
986
1195
987
1196
988
1197
989
1198
990
1199
991
1200
992
1202
993
1203
994
1204
995
1205
996
1206
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1207
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1208
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1209
1000
1210
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1213
1002
1216
1003
1218
1004
1220
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1222
1006
1224
1007
1226
1008
1228
1009
1230
1010
1232
1011
1233
1012
1235
1013
1236
1014
1237
1015
1238
1016
1239
1017
1240
1018
1241
1182
1
1183
1
1184
1
1185
1
1186
1
1187
1
1188
1
1189
1
1191
1
1192
1
1193
1
1194
1
1195
1
1196
1
1197
1
1198
1
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1
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1
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1
1217
1
1219
1
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1
1223
1
1225
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
1216
1
1218
1
1220
1
1222
1
1224
1
1226
1
1228
1061
1072
1073
1062
1182
1193+
1062
1073
1074
1063
1183
1194+
1063
1074
1075
1064
1184
1195+
1064
1075
1076
1065
1185
1196+
1065
1076
1077
1066
1186
1197+
1066
1077
1078
1067
1187
1198+
1069
1080
1079
1068
1190
1201+
1068
1079
1081
1070
1189
1200+
1070
1081
1082
1071
1191
1202+
1071
1082
1083
1072
1192
1203+
1072
1083
1084
1073
1193
1204+
1073
1084
1085
1074
1194
1205+
1074
1085
1086
1075
1195
1206+
1075
1086
1087
1076
1196
1207+
1076
1087
1088
1077
1197
1208+
1077
1088
1089
1078
1198
1209+
1090
1093
1092
1091
1211
1214+
1091
1092
1095
1094
1212
1213+
1094
1095
1097
1096
1215
1216+
1096
1097
1099
1098
1217
1218+
1098
1099
1101
1100
1219
1220+
1100
1101
1103
1102
1221
1222+
1102
1103
1105
1104
1223
1224+
1104
1105
1107
1106
1225
1226+
1106
1107
1109
1108
1227
1228+
1108
1109
1111
1110
1229
1230+
1093
1113
1112
1092
1214
1234+
1092
1112
1114
1095
1213
1233+
1095
1114
1115
1097
1216
1235+
1097
1115
1116
1099
1218
1236+
1099
1116
1117
1101
1220
1237+
1101
1117
1118
1103
1222
1238+
1103
1118
1119
1105
1224
1239+
1105
1119
1120
1107
1226
1240+

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
1019
1242
1020
1243
1021
1244
1022
1246
1023
1247
1024
1248
1025
1249
1026
1250
1027
1251
1028
1252
1029
1253
1030
1254
1031
1255
1032
1257
1033
1258
1034
1259
1035
1260
1036
1261
1037
1262
1038
1263
1039
1264
1040
1265
1041
1266
1042
1268
1043
1269
1044
1270
1045
1271
1046
1272
1047
1273
1048
1274
1049
1275
1050
1276
1051
1277
1052
1279
1053
Altair Engineering
1
1230
1
1232
1
1233
1
1235
1
1236
1
1237
1
1238
1
1239
1
1240
1
1241
1
1242
1
1243
1
1244
1
1246
1
1247
1
1248
1
1249
1
1250
1
1251
1
1252
1
1253
1
1254
1
1255
1
1257
1
1258
1
1259
1
1260
1
1261
1
1262
1
1263
1
1264
1
1265
1
1266
1
1268
1
1107
1120
1121
1109
1228
1241+
1109
1121
1122
1111
1230
1242+
1113
1124
1123
1112
1234
1245+
1112
1123
1125
1114
1233
1244+
1114
1125
1126
1115
1235
1246+
1115
1126
1127
1116
1236
1247+
1116
1127
1128
1117
1237
1248+
1117
1128
1129
1118
1238
1249+
1118
1129
1130
1119
1239
1250+
1119
1130
1131
1120
1240
1251+
1120
1131
1132
1121
1241
1252+
1121
1132
1133
1122
1242
1253+
1124
1135
1134
1123
1245
1256+
1123
1134
1136
1125
1244
1255+
1125
1136
1137
1126
1246
1257+
1126
1137
1138
1127
1247
1258+
1127
1138
1139
1128
1248
1259+
1128
1139
1140
1129
1249
1260+
1129
1140
1141
1130
1250
1261+
1130
1141
1142
1131
1251
1262+
1131
1142
1143
1132
1252
1263+
1132
1143
1144
1133
1253
1264+
1135
1146
1145
1134
1256
1267+
1134
1145
1147
1136
1255
1266+
1136
1147
1148
1137
1257
1268+
1137
1148
1149
1138
1258
1269+
1138
1149
1150
1139
1259
1270+
1139
1150
1151
1140
1260
1271+
1140
1151
1152
1141
1261
1272+
1141
1152
1153
1142
1262
1273+
1142
1153
1154
1143
1263
1274+
1143
1154
1155
1144
1264
1275+
1146
1157
1156
1145
1267
1278+
1145
1156
1158
1147
1266
1277+
1147
1158
1159
1148
1268
1279+

517
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1280
1054
1281
1055
1282
1269
1
1270
1
1271
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
1057
1284
1058
1285
1059
1286
1060
1287
1061
1288
1062
1290
1063
1291
1064
1292
1065
1293
1066
1294
1067
1295
1068
1296
1069
1297
1070
1298
1071
1299
1072
1301
1073
1302
1074
1303
1075
1304
1076
1305
1077
1306
1078
1307
1079
1308
1080
1309
1081
1310
1082
1312
1083
1313
1084
1314
1085
1315
1086
1316
1087
1317
1088
1
1273
1
1274
1
1275
1
1276
1
1277
1
1279
1
1280
1
1281
1
1282
1
1283
1
1284
1
1285
1
1286
1
1287
1
1288
1
1290
1
1291
1
1292
1
1293
1
1294
1
1295
1
1296
1
1297
1
1298
1
1299
1
1301
1
1302
1
1303
1
1304
1
1305
1
1306
1
518
1148
1159
1160
1149
1269
1280+
1149
1160
1161
1150
1270
1281+
1151
1162
1163
1152
1272
1283+
1152
1163
1164
1153
1273
1284+
1153
1164
1165
1154
1274
1285+
1154
1165
1166
1155
1275
1286+
1157
1168
1167
1156
1278
1289+
1156
1167
1169
1158
1277
1288+
1158
1169
1170
1159
1279
1290+
1159
1170
1171
1160
1280
1291+
1160
1171
1172
1161
1281
1292+
1161
1172
1173
1162
1282
1293+
1162
1173
1174
1163
1283
1294+
1163
1174
1175
1164
1284
1295+
1164
1175
1176
1165
1285
1296+
1165
1176
1177
1166
1286
1297+
1168
1179
1178
1167
1289
1300+
1167
1178
1180
1169
1288
1299+
1169
1180
1181
1170
1290
1301+
1170
1181
1182
1171
1291
1302+
1171
1182
1183
1172
1292
1303+
1172
1183
1184
1173
1293
1304+
1173
1184
1185
1174
1294
1305+
1174
1185
1186
1175
1295
1306+
1175
1186
1187
1176
1296
1307+
1176
1187
1188
1177
1297
1308+
1179
1190
1189
1178
1300
1311+
1178
1189
1191
1180
1299
1310+
1180
1191
1192
1181
1301
1312+
1181
1192
1193
1182
1302
1313+
1182
1193
1194
1183
1303
1314+
1183
1194
1195
1184
1304
1315+
1184
1195
1196
1185
1305
1316+
1185
1196
1197
1186
1306
1317+

Altair Engineering
+
1318
1307
CHEXA
1089
1
1186
1197
1198
1187
1307
1318+
+
1319
1308
CHEXA
1090
1
1187
1198
1199
1188
1308
1319+
+
1320
1309
CHEXA
1091
1
1190
1201
1200
1189
1311
1322+
+
1321
1310
CHEXA
1092
1
1189
1200
1202
1191
1310
1321+
+
1323
1312
CHEXA
1093
1
1191
1202
1203
1192
1312
1323+
+
1324
1313
CHEXA
1094
1
1192
1203
1204
1193
1313
1324+
+
1325
1314
CHEXA
1095
1
1193
1204
1205
1194
1314
1325+
+
1326
1315
CHEXA
1096
1
1194
1205
1206
1195
1315
1326+
+
1327
1316
CHEXA
1097
1
1195
1206
1207
1196
1316
1327+
+
1328
1317
CHEXA
1098
1
1196
1207
1208
1197
1317
1328+
+
1329
1318
CHEXA
1099
1
1197
1208
1209
1198
1318
1329+
+
1330
1319
CHEXA
1100
1
1198
1209
1210
1199
1319
1330+
+
1331
1320
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
HyperMesh name information for generic property collectors
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Property Definition for 1-D Elements
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP
6"auto1"
$HWCOLOR COMP
6
3
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Property Definition for Surface and Volume Elements
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$
$HMNAME COMP
4"shells"
$HWCOLOR COMP
4
7
PSHELL
4
20.2
2
2
$$
$$ PSOLID Data
$
$HMNAME COMP
1"solids"
$HWCOLOR COMP
1
26
PSOLID
1
1
PFLUID
PSOLID
2
2
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Material Definition Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$
Altair Engineering

519
$HMNAME MAT
2"MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT
2
18
MAT1
2200000.0
0.3
0.9e-5
$$
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT
1"MAT10_1"
$HWCOLOR MAT
1
3
MAT10
11.0
0.01
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
HyperMesh name information for generic materials
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Loads and Boundary Conditions
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$HyperMesh name and color information for generic loadcollectors
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
4"SPC"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
4
3
$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
6"spcd"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
6
4
$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ FREQ1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
5"freq"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
5
4
FREQ1
50.1
10.0
5
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ RLOAD2 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
2"rload2"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
2
5
RLOAD2
2
6
1
0
ACCE
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
3"darea"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
3
5
RLOAD2
3
3
1
0
LOAD
$$
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
1"tab"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
1
41
TABLED1
1 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
0.0 1000.0
1.0ENDT
$$
TABLED1
2 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
0.0 1000.0
1.0ENDT
$$
TABLED1
3 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
5.0 1000.0
5.0ENDT
520

Altair Engineering
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
DLOAD
111.0
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC
4
SPC
4
SPC
4
SPC
4
SPC
4
$$
$$ SPCD Data
$$
SPCD
6
$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA
3
ENDDATA
11"DLOAD11"
11
3
1.0
2
1431
1432
1451
1452
1734
1234560.0
1234560.0
1234560.0
1234560.0
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ALTDOCTAG "HqTD_ARNMI\S\pMpN13G;5oANN]l[enE7fmSbTJro20LOpNriZFOQfUk]
_`5hfS5ATf6pT7RXMjA3e@k_r^K?GP;?OeEbD0"
ADI0.1.0 2011-05-13T19:57:45 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG
Comments
1.
2.
Grid points G1 through G4 must be given in consecutive order about one quadrilateral
face. G5 through G8 must be on the opposite face with G5 opposite G1, G6 opposite G2,
and so on.
3.
The edge points, G9 to G20 are optional. All or none of them may exist. The corner grid
points cannot be deleted. The edge points should be in the middle third of the edges.
4.
The second continuation is optional.
5.
The face consisting of grid points G1 through G4 and G9 through G12 is assumed to be in
contact with the structure.
6.
The mass is lumped to the face formed by grid points G5 through G8 and G17 through G20
and defined to be in contact with the fluid. The opposite face has no mass contribution
due to the absorber element. Also, the face in contact with the fluid has only
Altair Engineering

521
translational stiffness in the direction normal to the face.

7.
522
This card is represented as a CHACAB8 or CHACAB20 element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
CHBDYE
Bulk Data Entry
CHBDYE Thermal Surface Element (Element Form)
Description
Defines a surface element for application of thermal boundary condition.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C HBDYE
EID
EID2
SIDE
Field
Contents
EID
Unique surface element identification number. See comments.
(9)
(10)

EID2
A heat conduction element identification number. See comments.

SIDE
Element side identification number.

No default (1 < Integer < 6)
Comments
1.
EID is unique with respect to other surface element IDs.
2.
EID2 identifies the heat conduction element associated with this surface element.
1D
2D
3D
CBAR
CBEAM
CONROD
CROD
CQUAD4
CQUAD8
CTRIA3
CTIRA6
CHEXA
CPENTA
CPYRA
CTETRA
C onduction elements for heat transfer analysis
3.
All conduction elements that are to have a boundary condition applied must be individually
identified with the application of a surface element entry CHBDYE.
Altair Engineering

523
4.
Side conventions for 3D elements:

Sides are numbered consecutively according to the order of the grid point numbers on the
3D element entry. The sides of 3D elements are either quadrilaterals or triangles. For
each element type, the side numbers are shown here:
Side convention for C HEXA element (1st or 2nd order)
Side convention for C PENTA element (1st or 2nd order)
524

Altair Engineering
Side convention for C PYRA element (1st or 2nd order)
Side convention for C TETRA element (1st or 2nd order)
5.
Side conventions for 2D elements.

2D elements have one side of type AREA (this is Side 1) and 3 or 4 sides of type LINE.
AREA type: Side 1 is that given by the right hand rule on the shells gird points.
LINE type: The second side (first line) is from grid point 1 to grid point 2, and the
remaining lines are numbered consecutively. The thickness of the line is that of the shell,
and the normal to the line is outward from the shell in the plane of the shell. Note that
midside nodes are ignored in the specification.
6.
Side conventions for 1D elements.

1D elements have one linear side (Side 1) with geometry that is the same as that of the
element and two POINT type sides, corresponding to the two points bounding the linear
element (first grid point side 2; second grid point side 3).
Altair Engineering

525
POINT type: Point sides may be used with any linear element. The direction of the
outward normals of these points is in line with the element axis, but pointing away from
the element. The area assigned to these POINT type sides is consistent with the element
geometry.
Boundary conditions (QBDY1) are applied to CHBDYE through reference of the EID.
7.
526
This card is represented as slave3 and slave4 element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
Bulk Data Entry
CHEXA Six-sided Solid Element with Eight or Twenty Grid Points
Description
Defines the connections of the HEXA solid element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C HEXA
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
G16
G17
G18
G19
G20
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C HEXA
71
10
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PSOLID property entry.

G#

Altair Engineering

527
Comments
1.
2.
Grid points G1,,G4 must be given in consecutive order about one quadrilateral face.
G5,,G8 must be on the opposite face with G5 opposite G1, G6 opposite G2, and so on.
The edge points, G9 through G20, are optional. If any of the edge points are present,
they all must be used. The second continuation must not be present for the 8-noded
version of this element.
It is recommended that the edge points be placed near the middle of the edge.
C HEXA definition
3.
G3 and G5 with G7. For 20-noded CHEXA, appropriate changes to mid-side node
numbering are also performed. In such cases, the element coordinate system will be built
on the renumbered node sequence.
4.
Stresses are output in the material coordinate system. The material coordinate system is
defined on the referenced PSOLID entry. It may be defined as the basic coordinate
system (CORDM = 0), a defined system (CORDM = Integer > 0), or the element coordinate
system (CORDM = -1).
5.
The element coordinate system for the CHEXA element is defined as follows:
Three intermediate vectors R, S, and T are chosen by the following rules:
528
Joins the centroids of the faces described by the grid points G4, G1, G5, G8
and the grid points G3, G2, G6, G7.
and the grid points G4, G3, G7, G8
and the grid pints G5, G6, G7, G8.

Altair Engineering
C HEXA element coordinate systems
The origin of the element coordinate system is at the intersection of these three vectors.
If the vectors do not all intersect at one point, then the average location of the
intersection points is used.
The element z-axis corresponds to the T vector.
The element y-axis is the cross product of the T and R vectors.
The element x-axis is the cross product of the element y-axis and the element z-axis.
6.
This card is represented as a hexa8 or hex20 element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

529
CMASS1
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS1 Scalar Mass Connection
Description
Defines a scalar mass element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MASS1
EID
PID
G1
C1
G2
C2
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C MASS1
45
653
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Property identification number of a PMASS entry.

G1, G2

C1, C2
Component number in the displacement coordinate system specified by the

CD entry of the GRID data.
530

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.

blank or zero C1 or C2. A grounded terminal is a point with a displacement that is
constrained to zero.
2.
to use the CMASS3 entry.
3.
4.
The two connection points (G1, C1) and (G2, C2) must not be coincident. Except in
unusual circumstances, one of them will be a grounded terminal with blank entries for Gi
and Ci.
5.
6.
7.
Scalar mass elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
8.
Altair Engineering

531
CMASS2
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS2 Scalar Mass Property and Connection
Description
Defines a scalar mass element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MASS2
EID
G1
C1
G2
C2
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C MASS2
1.1
56
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

M
Value of the scalar mass.

No default (Real)
G1, G2
Geometric grid or identification number.

C1, C2

532

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.

blank or zero C1 or C2. A grounded terminal is a point with a displacement that is
constrained to zero.
2.
to use the CMASS4 entry.
3.
4.
are required.
5.
The two connection points (G1, C1) and (G2, C2) must be distinct. Except in unusual
circumstances, one of them will be a grounded terminal with blank entries for Gi and Ci.
6.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering

533
CMASS3
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS3 Scalar Mass Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar mass element that is connected only to scalar points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C MASS3
EID
PID
S1
S2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C MASS3
13
42
62
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Property identification number of a PMASS entry.

S1, S2

Comments
1.
2.
534

Altair Engineering
3.
Only one scalar mass element may be defined on a single entry.
4.
5.
6.
Altair Engineering

535
CMASS4
Bulk Data Entry
CMASS4 Scalar Mass Property and Connection to Scalar Points Only
Description
Defines a scalar mass element that is connected only to scalar points, without reference to a
property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C MASS4
EID
S1
S2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
C MASS4
23
14.92
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
23
Field
Contents
EID

Scalar mass value.

No default (Real)
S1, S2

Comments
1.
536
S1 or S2, but not both, may be blank or zero, indicating a constrained coordinate. This is
the usual case.

Altair Engineering
2.
3.
Only one scalar mass element may be defined on a single entry.
4.
5.
are required.
6.
7.
Altair Engineering

537
CMBEAM
Bulk Data Entry
CMBEAM Beam Element for MBD
Description
Defines a beam element for multi-body dynamics solution sequence without reference to a
property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MBEAM
EID
MID
GA
GB
X1, G0
Y1
Z1
I1
I2
K1
K2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MBEAM
123
125
0.0
0.0
1.0
5.0
100.0
833.3
833.3
1485.3
Field
Contents
EID
(10)
(Integer > 0)
MID
Material identification number. See comment 5.

(Integer > 0)
GA, GB
538

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
X1, Y1, Z1
Components of vector v at end A, measured at end A, parallel to the

components of the displacement coordinate system for GA, to
determine (with the vector from end A to end B) the orientation of the
element coordinate system for the BEAM element.
(Real)
G0
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, X2, and X3

(Integer > 0). Direction of orientation vector is GA to G0.
(Integer > 0)
Undeformed length along the X-axis of the beam.

(Real)
Area of the beam cross-section.

I1
Area moment inertia in plane 1 about the neutral axis.

I2

Torsional constant.
(Real > 0.0)
K1, K2
Area factor for shear.

Comments
1.
2.
The X-axis of the beam is always along the line connecting G1 and G2. The Z-axis of the
beam is determined based on the X-axis and the Y-axis provided by G3/X1, Y1, and Z1.
Altair Engineering

539
3.
The moments of inertia are defined as follows:
The beam coordinates must be aligned with the principal axes of the cross-section.
4.
The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are (K1)AG and (K2)AG, respectively. If
a value of 0.0 is used for K1 and K2, the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0 (K1
and K2 are interpreted as infinite).
5.
Only MAT1 material definitions may be referenced by this element.
6.
540

Altair Engineering
CMBEAMM
Bulk Data Entry
CMBEAMM Beam Element for MBD based on Markers
Description
Defines a beam element for multi-body dynamic solution sequence without reference to a
property entry based on markers.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C MBEAMM
EID
MID
M1
M2
I1
I2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
K1
K2
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MBEAMM
123
125
0.0
0.0
1.0
5.0
100.0
833.3
833.3
1485.3
Field
Contents
EID
(10)
(Integer > 0)
MID
Material identification number.

(Integer > 0)
M1
Marker identification number.

(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

541
Field
Contents
M2

(Integer > 0)
Undeformed length along the X-axis of the beam.

(Real)

(Real)
I1

I2

Torsional constant.
(Real > 0.0)
K1, K2

Comments
1.
2.
The X-axis of the markers M1 and M2 should always be along the axis of the beam.
3.
The beam coordinates must be aligned with the principal axes of the cross-section.
4.
The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are (K1)AG and (K2)AG, respectively. If
a value of 0.0 is used for K1 and K2, the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0 (K1
and K2 are interpreted as infinite).
5.
This card is represented as a bar element in HyperMesh.
542

Altair Engineering
CMBUSH
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSH Bushing Element for MBD
Description
Defines a bushing element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
C MBUSH
EID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
G1
G2
X1, G3
Y1
Z1
"K"
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
"B"
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
"P"
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
C MBUSH
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
1.0
0.0
0.0
100
100
100
0.1
0.1
0.1
Field
Contents
EID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

543
Field
Contents
G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
G3
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X1, Y1, and Z1 in

conjunction with G1.
(Integer > 0)
X1, Y1, Z1
Orientation vector of the bushing.

(Real)
Stiffness specifier.
K1, K2, K3
Translational stiffness.
K4, K5, K6
Rotational stiffness.
Damping specifier.
B1, B2, B3
Translational damping.
B4, B5, B6
Rotational damping.
Preload specifier.
P1, P2, P3
Translational preload.
P4, P5, P6
Rotational preload.
Comments
1.
544

Altair Engineering
CMBUSHC
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHC Nonlinear Bushing Element for MBD using Curve
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHC
EID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
G1
G2
X1, G3
Y1
Z1
"K"
K1C ID
K2C ID
K3C ID
K4C ID
K5C ID
K6C ID
"B"
B1C ID
B2C ID
B3C ID
B4C ID
B5C ID
B6C ID
"P"
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
KE
K1EID
K2EID
K3EID
K4EID
K5EID
K6EID
BE
B1EID
B2EID
B3EID
B4EID
B5EID
B6EID
KINT
BINT
Example
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHC
Altair Engineering
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
1.0
0.0
0.0
100
100
100

(10)
545
AKIMA
AKIMA
Field
Contents
EID
Element identification number

(Integer > 0)
G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
G3

(Integer > 0)
X1, Y1,
Z1

(Real)
K1CID,
K2CID,
K3CID
Translational stiffness curve ID.
K4CID,
K5CID,
K6CID
Rotational stiffness curve ID.
Damping specifier.
B1CID,
B2CID,
B3CID
Translational damping curve ID.
B4CID,
B5CID,
Rotational damping curve ID.
546
Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
B6CID
Preload specifier.
P1, P2, P3 Translational preload.

P4, P5, P6 Rotational preload.
K1EID,
K2EID,
K3EID
Translational stiffness independent variable expression ID.
K4EID,
K5EID,
K6EID
Rotational stiffness independent variable expression ID.
B1EID,
B2EID,
B3EID
Translational damping independent variable expression ID.
B4EID,
B5EID,
B6EID
Rotational damping independent variable expression ID.
KINT
Stiffness interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).
Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies deflection as the independent

variable
Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies deflection as the independent

variable
Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies velocity as the independent

variable
Default = 0 (Integer > 0 or blank) implies velocity as the independent

variable
Default = AKIMA
BINT
Damping interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).

Default = AKIMA
Comments
1.
2.
Altair Engineering

547
CMBUSHE
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHE Nonlinear Bushing Element for MBD using Expression Defined in MBVAR
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHE
EID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
G1
G2
X1, G3
Y1
Z1
"K"
K1EID
K2EID
K3EID
K4EID
K5EID
K6EID
"B"
B1EID
B2EID
B3EID
B4EID
B5EID
B6EID
"P"
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
Example
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHE
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
1.0
0.0
0.0
100
100
100
Field
Contents
EID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
548

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
G3

(Integer > 0)
X1, Y1, Z1

(Real)
K1EID, K2EID,
K3EID
Translational stiffness MBVAR ID.

K4EID, K5EID,
K6EID
Rotational stiffness MBVAR ID.

Damping specifier.
B1EID, B2EID,
B3EID
Translational damping MBVAR ID.

B4EID, B5EID,
B6EID
Rotational damping MBVAR ID.

Preload specifier.
P1, P2, P3
P4, P5, P6
Rotational preload.
Altair Engineering

549
Comments
1.
2.
550

Altair Engineering
CMBUSHM
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHM Bushing Element for MBD based on Markers
Description
Defines a bushing element without reference to a property entry based on markers.
Format
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHM
EID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
M1
M2
"K"
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
"B"
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
"P"
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHM
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
12
13
100
100
100
0.1
0.1
0.1
Field
Contents
EID
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

551
Field
Contents
M1

(Integer > 0)
M2

(Integer > 0)
K1, K2, K3
(Real)
K4, K5, K6
(Real)
Damping specifier.
B1, B2, B3
(Real)
B4, B5, B6
Rotational damping.
(Real)
Preload specifier.
P1, P2, P3
(Real)
P4, P5, P6
Rotational preload.
(Real)
Comments
1.
552

Altair Engineering
CMBUSHT
Bulk Data Entry
CMBUSHT Nonlinear Bushing Element for MBD using Table
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
C MBUSHT
EID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
G1
G2
X1, G3
Y1
Z1
"K"
K1TID
K2TID
K3TID
K4TID
K5TID
K6TID
"B"
B1TID
B2TID
B3TID
B4TID
B5TID
B6TID
"P"
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
Example
(1)
(2)
C MBUSHT
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
1.0
0.0
0.0
100
100
100
Field
Contents
EID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

553
Field
Contents
G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
G3

(Integer > 0)
X1, Y1, Z1

(Real)
K1TID, K2TID,
K3TID
Translational stiffness TABLEDi ID.

K4TID, K5TID,
K6TID
Rotational stiffness TABLEDi ID.

Damping specifier.
B1TID, B2TID,
B3TID
Translational damping TABLEDi ID.

B4TID, B5TID,
B6TID
Rotational damping TABLEDi ID.

Preload specifier.
P1, P2, P3
P4, P5, P6
Rotational preload.
554

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
2.
Altair Engineering

555
CMSMETH
Bulk Data Entry
CMSMETH Component Mode Synthesis Method Definition
Description
CMSMETH defines the CMS method, frequency upper limit, number of modes, and starting
SPOINT ID to be used in a component mode synthesis solution. The eigenvalue solver is also
specified. In addition, preload as well as loads for reduction and residual vector generation
can be defined. Also, an ASCII file containing CELAS4 and CDAMP3 element data and/or their
corresponding design variable definitions can be generated for DMIG to allow the use of the
component modes in optimization runs.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
C MSMETH C MSID METHOD
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
UB_FRE
Q
NMODES
SPID
SOLVER
AMPFFA
CT
SHFSC L
UB_FRE
Q_F
NMODES
_F
SPID_F
GPRC
(8)
(9)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for preload definition

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PRELOAD
SPC ID
PLSID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for LOAD SET definition

(1)
(2)
(3)
LOADSET USETYPE
(4)
(5)
(6)
LSID1
LSID2
LSID3
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for DMIGDV definition

(1)
556
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DMIGDV
S/F
OUTOPT
NMODE
DVKUPFAC
DVGEUP
DVBUP

(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C MSMETH
C BN
1000
200
100000
600
100
200000
Field
Contents
CMSID
CMSMETH identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
METHOD
Component mode synthesis method to be employed. See comment 2.

No default (Character = CB, CC, CBN, GM, or GUYAN)
UB_FREQ
Upper bound frequency for the eigenvalue analysis for the structural part.
If 0.0 or blank, no upper bound is used. See comments 3 and 4.
Default = blank (Real > 0.0, or blank)
NMODES
Number of modes to be extracted from structural eigenvalue analysis. If

set to -1 or blank, number of modes is limitless. See comments 3 and 4.
Default = blank (Integer > -1, or blank)
SPID
The starting SPOINT ID to be used in DMIG matrix output for the

structural eigenmodes.
No default. See comment 6.
SOLVER
The eigenvalue solver. Either blank or LAN for Lanzos. AMSES for
AMSES.
Default = LAN (Character = LAN or AMSES, or blank)
AMPFFACT
AMSES Amplification Factor. The substructure modes are solved up to

the frequency of AMPFFACT*V2. Higher values of AMPFFACT will lead to
more accurate results and longer running times. See comment 9.
Default = 5.0 (Real or blank)
SHFSCL
For vibration analysis, it is the estimate of the frequency of the first

flexible mode. See comment 12.
Altair Engineering

557
Field
Contents
UB_FREQ_F
Upper bound frequency for the eigenvalue analysis for the fluid part. If
0.0 or blank, no upper bound is used. See comments 3 and 4.
NMODES_F
Number of modes to be extracted from fluid eigenvalue analysis. If set to

-1 or blank, number of modes is limitless. See comments 3 and 4.
SPID_F
The starting SPOINT ID to be used in DMIG matrix output for the fluid
eigenmodes.
No default. See comment 6.
GPRC
Grid participation recovery control.

Allows fluid-structure interface grid shape data (that is the modes
associated with the fluid-structure interface) to be calculated and stored
with the external superelement.
Only applicable when GM (general modal formulation) is input in the
METHOD field and when all boundary degrees of freedom are free
(BNDFREE).
If any boundary degrees of freedom are fixed and GPRC is set to YES, the
program will be terminated with an error.
Default = NO (YES, NO)
PRELOAD
PRELOAD flag indicates that a preload will be used in the CMS analysis
SPCID
SPC SET ID for the preload
PLSID
LOAD SET ID for defining the preload.
LOADSET
LOADSET flag indicates that static load sets will be used in CMS analysis.
USETYPE
RESVEC/REDLOAD/BOTH defines the use type for the load sets

RESVEC the load set is used for generating residual vectors to improve
the modal space
REDLOAD the load set is used for generating reduced loads
BOTH both RESVEC and REDLOAD options are selected
Default = BOTH (see comment 11)
558

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
LSIDi
The load set IDs for generating residual vectors and/or reduced loads.
S/F
S Selects the structural part of the model.

Default = S
DMIGDV
DMIGDV flag indicates that an ASCII file containing CELAS4 and CDAMP3
element data and/or their corresponding design variable definitions is
generated for DMIG (see comment 13).
OUTOPT
OUTOPT defines how design variable definitions are written for DMIG.
(see comments 13 to 17) If OUTOPT is:
1 Only CELAS4 and CDAMP3 element data and PDAMP properties (if
any) are written. Design variable definitions are not written.
2 All data from Option-1 and design variable definitions are written
(Default, see comment 14).
3 All data from Option-2 and constraint (f1<f2) creation data are
written (see comment 15).
If OUTOPT field is blank then Option-2 is the default.
NMODE
NMODE defines the number of design variables for K/GE and B in

CELAS4 and CDAMP3 (see comment 18).
If NMODE > 0 then NMODE number of design variables will be written to
control the first NMODE eigenvalue changes (K), damping coefficient
changes (GE) and scalar damping value changes (B).
If NMODE is not specified (the NMODE field is blank) then as many design
variables as the total number of modes are written.
DVKUPFAC
DVKUPFAC is used to determine the upper bound of K (which is

(maximum eigenvalue)*DVKUPFAC). If DVKUPFAC is not specified
(DVKUPFAC field is blank) then it is set to 0.1 by default (See comment
16).
Default: DVKUPFAC=0.1
DVGEUP
Upper bound of GE. This applies to all the design variables for GE. If
DVGEUP is not specified (DVGEUP field is blank) then it is set to 2*DVBUP
by default (See comment 16).
Default: DVGEUP=2*DVBUP
DVBUP
Upper bound of B. This applies to all the design variables for B. If

DVBUP is not specified (DVBUP field is blank) then it is set to 0.4 by
Altair Engineering

559
Field
Contents
default (See comment 16).
Default: DVBUP=0.4
Comments
1.
This definition will be ignored unless referenced in the I/O Options section by a CMSMETH
run control.
2.
Several methods are available for Component Mode Synthesis, these are: CB, CC, CBN,
GM and GUYAN (see descriptions below).
The first two methods (CB and CC) are used for generating flexible bodies for use with
multi-body dynamics analysis software, such as Altairs MotionSolve.
The remaining methods (CBN, GM and GUYAN) are used primarily to generate external
superelements (stored in DMIG format) for use in subsequent finite element analyses.
Flexible body methods:
CB Craig-Bampton formulation
CC Craig-Chang formulation
External superelement methods:
CBN Craig-Bampton Nodal formulation
GM General Modal formulation
GUYAN GUYAN reduction:
GUYAN is the same as CBN without including structural eigenmodes; when GUYAN is used,
UB_FREQ & NMODES are ignored.
3.
UB_FREQ, NMODES, UB_FREQ_F and NMODES_F cannot all be blank. Additionally, when
structural elements are present in the model, UB_FREQ and NMODES cannot both be
blank, and when fluid elements are present in the model, UB_FREQ_F and NMODES_F
cannot both be blank.
4.
When UB_FREQ = 0.0 and NMODES = 0, this is a special case where no structural
eigenmodes will be included in CMS mode generation. If both UB_FREQ and NMODES are
specified, lowest NMODES below UB_FREQ will be accepted as structural SPOINTs.
Similarly things are applied to fluid part.
5.
If PARAM, EXTOUT, DMIGPCH (or DMGBIN) is defined when using the CB method, then a
DMIG matrix corresponding to the reduced stiffness and mass matrices will be output.
The stiffness and mass corresponding to the eigenmodes will be assigned to the
generated SPOINTs.
6.
The SPOINT IDs of the structure and fluid should have distinct IDs. Any fluid SPOINT ID
cannot be in between structural SPOINT IDs.
7.
When PARAM,EXTOUT is used to output DMIG matrices, then it is possible to disable the
560

Altair Engineering
output of a flexh3d file by specifying OUTPUT,H3D,NONE in the input file.

8.
The nodal flexh3d file output from the CBN method can be used as the DMIG input (using
ASSIGN,H3DDMIG). In this way, the model set output in flexh3d file will be recovered as
the interior points of the DMIG matrix in the residual structure run. The displacements of
these interior points will be included in the output.
9.
AMPFFACT is used to increase the accuracy of the eigenvalue and eigenvectors at the
expense of slightly longer run times. It is recommended to use higher values of
AMPFFACT for solid structures like engine blocks and suspension components. If
AMPFFACT is not specified by you and the model contains a large number of solid
elements, then the value of AMPFFACT is automatically reset to 10.
10. The mass properties of the super element (Mass, Center of Gravity, and Moments of
Inertia) are written to the H3D file. In the residual run, these mass properties are
included in the mass properties of the structure printed in the .out file.
11. The USETYPE field should always be set to BOTH or blank for flexible body generation
(METHOD=CB or CC, see comment 2).
12. A specification of SHFSCL may improve the performance of a vibration analysis.
13. If you define the DMIGDV optional continuation card, a text file (ASCII)
filename_dmig_dv.inc is created after the run. You can include this file in the original
input deck to study how changes in the eigenvalues/damping of superelements affect the
performance of the residual structure.
14. In addition to the data included in option 1, the ASCII file now also contains design
variable definitions. These design variables can control available eigenvalues, structural
damping, and viscous damping of the superelement. You can set up an optimization
problem by including this file in the original input deck.
15. In addition to the data included in option 2, the ASCII file now includes data required for
the creation of constraints. These constraints ensure that the eigenvalue of the nth
mode is less than the eigenvalue of the (n+1)th mode during optimization.
16. The lower bound of K, B and GE is set such that K, B and GE are always greater than
or equal to zero.
17. The DMIGDV continuation line works only for METHOD = GM (General Modal formulation) in
field 3 of CMSMETH (See comment 2).
18. Where, K, GE and B represent increments/decrements to the eigenvalues (K), damping
coefficients (GE) and scalar damping values (B) respectively. You are required to include
the .h3d file containing the values of K, GE and B using ASSIGN, H3DDMIG.
19. For further information on creating flex bodies for third party software, refer to Coupling
OptiStruct with Third Party Software in the Users Guide.
20. This card is represented as a loadcollector in HyperMesh.
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561
CMSPDP
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDP Multi-body Spring Damper Element
Description
Defines a spring damper element without reference to a property entry for multi-body solution
sequence.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MSPDP
EID
G1
G2
PF
TYPE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MSPDP
34.5
223
324
0.0
1.0
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
TRANS
(Integer > 0)
K
Stiffness value.
G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
562

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Damping value.
Unstretched length/angle of spring damper. See comment 4.

Default = 0 (Real > 0.0 or blank)
PF
Preload force.
Default = 0 (Real or blank)
TYPE
Type
(TRANS or ROT; if blank, default: TRANS)
Comments
1.
2.
The spring damper force is along the line segment connecting the grids G1 and G2.
3.
The positive preload force is a stretching force.
4.
If the unstretched length/angle of spring damper field (L) is blank:

(a) For a translational spring, OptiStruct calculates the length between the two grid
points (G1, G2) of the spring damper for the value of L.
(b) For a rotational spring, L is set to 0.0.
5.
Altair Engineering

563
CMSPDPC
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPC Nonlinear Multi-body Spring Damper Element using Curve
Description
sequence.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MSPDPC
EID
KC ID
G1
G2
BC ID
PF
TYPE
KINT
KEID
BINT
BEID
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MSPDPC
34
223
324
1.0
AKIMA
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
TRANS
(Integer > 0)
KCID
Stiffness curve ID.

G1

(Integer > 0)
564

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
G2

(Integer > 0)
Damping Curve ID.

Unstretched length of spring damper.

PF
Preload force.
TYPE
Type.
KINT
Stiffness Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).

Default = AKIMA
KEID
MBVAR ID for independent variable ID for stiffness.

Default = Deflection (Integer > 0 or blank)
BINT
Damping Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).

Default = AKIMA
BEID
MBVAR ID for independent variable ID for damping.

Default = Velocity (Integer > 0 or blank)
Comments
1.
2.
The spring damper force is along the line segment connecting the grids, G1 and G2.
3.
4.
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565
CMSPDPE
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPE Nonlinear Multi-body Spring Damper Element using Expression defined in MBVAR
Description
sequence.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MSPDPE
EID
KEID
G1
G2
BEID
PF
TYPE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MSPDPE
223
324
1.0
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
TRANS
(Integer > 0)
KEID
MBVAR ID for stiffness expression.

G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
566

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
BEID
MBVAR ID for Damping expression.


PF
Preload force.
TYPE
Type.
Comments
1.
2.
3.
4.
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567
CMSPDPM
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPM Multi-body Spring Damper Element based on Marker
Description
sequence based on marker.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C MSPDPM
EID
M1
M2
PF
TYPE
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MSPDPM
34.5
223
324
0.0
1.0
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
TRANS
(Integer > 0)
K
Stiffness value.
M1

(Integer > 0)
M2

(Integer > 0)
568

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Damping value.

PF
Preload force.
TYPE
Type.
Comments
1.
2.
The spring damper force is along the line segment connecting the marker M1 and M2.
3.
4.
Altair Engineering

569
CMSPDPT
Bulk Data Entry
CMSPDPT Nonlinear Multi-body Spring Damper Element using Table
Description
sequence.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C MSPDPT
EID
KTID
G1
G2
BTID
PF
TYPE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C MSPDPT
223
324
1.0
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
TRANS
(Integer > 0)
KTID
TABLEDi ID for stiffness.

G1

(Integer > 0)
G2

(Integer > 0)
570

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
BTID
TABLEDi ID for Damping.


PF
Preload force.
TYPE
Type.
Comments
1.
2.
3.
4.
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571
CONM1
Bulk Data Entry
CONM1 Concentrated Mass Element Connection, General Form
Description
Defines a 6x6 mass matrix at a geometric grid point.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ONM1
EID
C ID
M11
M21
M22
M31
M32
M33
M41
M42
M43
M44
M51
M52
M53
M54
M55
M61
M62
M63
M64
M65
M66
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C ONM1
22
2.9
6.3
4.8
28.6
(7)
(8)
28.6
Field
Contents
EID
(9)
(10)
28.6
(Integer > 0)
G

(Integer > 0)
572

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
CID
Coordinate system identification number for the mass matrix.

(Integer > 0)
Mij
Mass matrix values.

(Real)
Comments
1.
This card is represented as a mass element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

573
CONM2
Bulk Data Entry
CONM2 Concentrated Mass Element Connection, Rigid Body Form
Description
Defines a concentrated mass at a grid point of the structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C ONM2
EID
C ID
X1
X2
X3
I11
I21
I22
I31
I32
I33
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
C ONM2
15
16.2
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
49.7
16.2
Field
Contents
EID
7.8

G

CID
Coordinate system identification number.

Default = 0 (Integer > -1)
574

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Mass value.
No default (Real)
X1, X2, X3
Offset distance from the grid point to the center of gravity of the mass
in the coordinate system defined by CID, unless CID = -1, in which case
X1, X2, and X3 are the coordinates (not offsets) of the center of gravity
of the mass in the basic coordinate system.
Iij
Mass moments of inertia measured at the mass c.g.

If CID is zero, then Iij is defined in the basic coordinate system.
If CID > 1, then Iij refers to the local coordinate system.
If CID is -1, then Iij refers to the basic coordinate system.
Comments
1.
2.
If the continuation is omitted, all rotary inertia is assigned zero values.
3.
The form of the inertia matrix about its c.g. is taken as:
where M =
Altair Engineering

575
and X1, X2, and X3 are components of distance from the c.g. The negative signs for the
off-diagonal terms are supplied by the program.
4.
If CID = -1, then the offsets are computed internally as the difference between the grid
point location and X1, X2, and X3. The grid points may be defined in a local coordinate
system, in which case the values of
basic coordinate system.
must be in a coordinate system that parallels the
5.
If CID > 0, then X1, X2, and X3 are defined by a local Cartesian system, even if CID
references a spherical or cylindrical coordinate system.
6.
This card is represented as a mass element in HyperMesh.
576

Altair Engineering
CONNECT
Bulk Data Entry
CONNECT Connects two parts
Description
The CONNECT bulk data entry can be used to define equivalence for all degrees of freedom of
grid points of two different parts within a specified tolerance. The tolerance is defined as the
maximum distance between two grid points within which equivalence is allowed. Two formats
can be used to either select all grid points or a few grid points for equivalence.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C ONNEC T name_a name_b
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
tol
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ONNEC T
C yl_Head
Gaskt
0.01
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
C ONNEC T
name_a
name_b
tol
GRID
GID1
GID2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GID3
...
GIDn
(9)
(10)
Alternate Example
(1)
(2)
C ONNEC T C yl_Head
Altair Engineering
(3)
(4)
Gaskt
0.01
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

577
GRID
1201
1212
192
115
Field
Contents
name_a
Name of a part selected for equivalencing. Part name_a is the reference

part. All grid points in part name_a are considered during the search; if
OptiStruct finds grid points in part name_b within the specified maximum
distance (tol), then such grid point pairs are equivalent.
(Character String)
name_b
Name of a part selected for equivalencing. All grid points in part name_a are
considered during the search; if OptiStruct finds grid points in part name_b
within the specified maximum distance (tol), then such grid point pairs are
equivalent.
(Character String)
tol
Specifies the numeric value defining the maximum distance between two grid
points to allow equivalence. All grid points in part name_a are considered
during the search; if OptiStruct finds grid points in part name_b within the
specified maximum distance (tol), then such grid point pairs are equivalent.
(Real > 0.0)
GRID
GRID flag indicating that a list of grid point IDs is to follow. These grid point
locations are used to define locations to search for matching nodes.
GID#
Identification numbers of grid points that define locations at which a search

for matching nodes is conducted. GID# do not need to belong to either part
name_a or part name_b.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
Parts can be connected in two different ways, using the CONNECT entry or by using rigid
elements. The RELOC and INSTNCE entries can be used to position the part appropriately
within the full model and the CONNECT entry or rigid elements can be used to connect the
requisite number of grid points of one part to the other.
2.
In an alternate form, grid point IDs can be specified anywhere in the model, it is not
mandatory for a grid point ID to belong to a part. Equivalencing takes place between any
matching grids in both parts if they coincide with the location of any grid in the list.
3.
Searches defined by this entry are performed after all parts are located at their final
positions.
578

Altair Engineering
CONROD
Bulk Data Entry
CONROD Rod Element Property and Connection
Description
Defines a rod element without reference to a property entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C ONROD
EID
G1
G2
MID
NSM
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C ONROD
16
17
269
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1,G2
MID

(Integer > 0)
Area of the rod.

(Real)
Altair Engineering

579
Field
Contents
Torsional constant.
(Real)
Coefficient for torsional stress determination.

(Real)
NSM
Nonstructural mass per unit length.

(Real)
Comments
1.
For structural problems, MID may reference only a MAT1 material entry. For heat transfer
problems, MID may reference only a MAT4 material entry.
C ONROD Element Forces and Moments
2.
580
This card is represented as a rod element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
CONTACT
Bulk Data Entry
CONTACT Contact Interface Definition
Description
Defines a contact interface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C ONTAC
T
C TID
PID/
TYPE/
MU1
SSID
MSID
MORIENT
SRC HDI
S
ADJUST
C LEARANC E
DISC RET
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ONTAC T
SLIDE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
N25
Field
Contents
CTID
Contact interface identification number.

(Integer > 0)
PID
Property identification number of a PCONT, PCONTX entry.

(Integer > 0)
TYPE
Choose type of contact without pointing to contact property

respective default property settings will be used. Default settings can be
changed using CONTPRM.
SLIDE Sliding contact.
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581
Field
Contents
STICK Contact with stick condition (stick applies to closed contacts
only).
FREEZE Enforced zero relative displacements on the contact interface
(applies to both closed and open contacts). See comments 5 and 15.
Default = SLIDE (SLIDE, STICK, FREEZE)
MU1
Coefficient of static friction (s). See comment 6.

(0.0 < Real < 1.0)
SSID
Identification number of slave entity. See comments 2 and 14.

(Integer > 0)
MSID
Identification number of master entity. See comments 3 and 15.

(Integer > 0)
MORIENT
Orientation of contact pushout force from master surface. This only

applies to masters that consist of shell elements or patches of grids.
Masters defined on solid elements always push outwards irrespective of
this flag.
OPENGAP The contact interface is assumed open.
OVERLAP Slave and master bodies overlap.
NORM Contact force is oriented along the vector normal to the master
surface.
REVNORM Contact force is oriented opposite to the default vector
normal to the master surface.
Default = OPENGAP (OPENGAP, OVERLAP, NORM or REVNORM). See
comments 7, 8, and 17.
SRCHDIS
Search distance criterion for creating contact condition. When specified,

only slave nodes that are within SRCHDIS distance from master surface
will have contact condition checked.
Default = twice the average edge length on the master surface. For
FREEZE contact, half the average edge length. (Real > 0 or blank)
ADJUST
Adjustment of slave nodes onto the master surface at the start of a

simulation.
<NO, AUTO, Real > 0.0, or Integer > 0>
582

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Default = NO.
NO no adjustment.
AUTO A real value equal to 5% of the average edge length on the
master surface is internally assigned as the depth criterion (see comment
10).
Real > 0.0 value of the depth criterion which defines the zone in
which a search is conducted for slave nodes (for which contact elements
have been created). These slave nodes (with created contact elements)
are then adjusted onto the master surface. The assigned depth criterion
is used to define the searching zone in the pushout direction (see
comment 10).
Integer > 0 identification number of a SET entry with TYPE = GRID.
Only the nodes on the slave entity which also belong to this SET will be
selected for adjustment.
Note: See comment 10 for more information.
CLEARANCE Prescribed initial gap opening between master and slave, irrespective of
the actual distance between the nodes (see comment 11).
DISCRET
Discretization approach type for the construction of contact elements.

<N2S, S2S>
Default = N2S.
N2S node-to-surface discretization
S2S surface-to-surface discretization
Comments for nonlinear quasi-static analysis

1.
If the node-to-surface (DISCRET=N2S) discretization approach is selected, the CONTACT

interface is constructed by searching, for each slave node, a respective facet of the
master surface, which contains the normal projection of the slave and is within SRCHDIS
distance from the slave node. If no master segment with normal projection is found, then
the nearest segment is picked if the direction from slave to master is within a certain
angle (30 degrees) relative to the normal to the master segment. Having found a feasible
master segment for the slave node, a contact element is created of a similar structure as
the CGAPG element (Figure 1).
Altair Engineering

583
Figure 1: C reation of a contact element
If the surface-to-surface (DISCRET=S2S) discretization approach is selected, the

CONTACT interface is constructed by searching, for each facet of the slave surface,
respective facets of the master surface which contain the normal projection of sample
points on the slave facet and is within SRCHDIS distance from the sample points. For a
slave node, a contact element is created with the surrounding slave facets and the
master facets found by projection of the sample points on the slave facets (Figure 2).
Figure 2: C reation of a contact element (surface-to-surface discretization)
2.
The slave entity (SSID) always consists of grid nodes. It may be specified as:
a set of grid nodes defined using SET(GRID,..) command.
a surface defined using SURF command (the slave nodes are picked from the
respective nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET(ELEM,..) command. Slave nodes
are picked from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only
nodes on the surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
DISCRET = N2S is recommended if the slave entity is a set of grids (nodes) or a set of
solid elements.
3.
The master entity (MSID) may be defined as:

a surface defined using SURF command.
584

Altair Engineering
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET(ELEM,..) command. For sets of
3D solids, element faces on the surface are automatically found and selected as
master surface.
4.
Prescribing TYPE=STICK is interpreted in OptiStruct as an enforced stick condition - such

contact interfaces will not enter the sliding phase. Of course, the enforced stick only
applies to contacts that are closed. Note that, in order to effectively enforce the stick
condition, frictional offset may need to be turned off (See comment 8 on PCONT).
5.
Prescribing TYPE=FREEZE enforces zero relative motion on the contact surface the
contact gap opening remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is forced
to be zero. Also, rotations at the slave node are matched to the rotations of the master
patch. The FREEZE condition applies to all respective contact elements, no matter
whether open or closed.
6.
Prescribing MU1 directly on the CONTACT card allows for simplified specification of
frictional contacts. Note that this implies MU2=MU1, unless MU2 is specified explicitly on
the CONTPRM card. Also note that the value of MU1 prescribed on the CONTACT card
must be less than 1.0 to specify higher values of static coefficient of friction, PCONT
card must be used.
If FRIC is not explicitly defined on the PCONTX/PCNTX# entries, the MU1 value on the
CONTACT or PCONT entry is used for FRIC in the /INTER entries for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis. Otherwise, FRIC on PCONTX/PCNTX# overwrites the MU1 value on CONTACT/
PCONT.
7.
MORIENT defines the master pushout direction, which is the direction of contact force
that master surface exerts on slave nodes.
It is important to note that, in most practical applications, leaving this field blank will
provide correct resolution of contact, irrespective of the orientation of surface normals.
Only in cases of master surfaces defined as shells or patches of grids, and combined with
initial pre-penetration, is MORIENT needed.
By default, MORIENT is ignored for solid elements it applies only to master surfaces that
consist of shell elements or patches of grids. (Master surfaces defined as faces of solid
elements always push outwards, irrespective of the surface normals, or whether the
contact gap is initially open or closed. See comment 7 for additional options).
a) In default behavior (OPENGAP), the pushout direction is defined using the assumption
that the gap between slave and master is initially open, and the contact condition
should prevent their contact (gap padding GPAD from the PCONT card is ignored in
defining the pushout direction this direction is based strictly on the positions of
master and slave nodes).
The following example shows a typical use of OPENGAP:
Figure 3: Example for the use of OPENGAP
Altair Engineering

585
b) OVERLAP assumes the reverse, namely that the slave and master bodies are already
overlapping and the contact condition should push them apart (this is useful in case of
pre-penetrating models when the entire slave set is pre-penetrating into the master
object).
The following example shows a typical use of OVERLAP:
Figure 4: Example for the use of OVERLAP
c) With the NORM option, the pushout force is oriented along the normal vector to the
master surface. (Note that the surface normal may be reversed relative to the default
normal to a shell element if a FLIP flag is present on the master SURF definition. This
behavior corresponds to that of the reverse normals checkbox on the contactsurfs
panel in HyperMesh). In cases when the slave node does not have a direct normal
projection onto the master surface, and the "shortest distance" projection is used
(GAPGPRJ set to SHORT on the GAPPRM card), the pushout force is oriented along the
shortest distance line, yet with the orientation aligned with the normal vector.
The following example shows a typical use of NORM:
Figure 5: Example for the use of NORM
d) REVNORM creates pushout force reversed relative to the NORM option.

8.
By default, MORIENT does not apply to masters that are defined on solid elements such
masters always push outwards. This can be changed by choosing
CONTPRM,CORIENT,ONALL which extends the meaning of MORIENT to all contact
surfaces. In which case, it should be noted that the default normal is pointing inwards
unless a FLIP flag appears on the master SURF definition for surfaces on solid elements,
making the surface normal point outwards. (When creating contact surfaces in
HyperMesh, this behavior corresponds to that of the reverse normals checkbox on the
contactsurfs panel).
9.
Presently one CONTACT element is created for each slave node. This assures reasonably
efficient numerical computations without creating an excessive number of contact
elements. However, this may require special handling in some cases, such as when a
master surface wraps around the slave set. In such cases, switching the role of slave
and master may be recommended. Alternatively, multiple CONTACT interfaces can be
586

Altair Engineering
created in order to cover all possible directions of relative motion (a simplified illustration
is shown in the figure below). Additionally, individual GAP(G) elements can be used to
handle such special situations.
Figure 6: Special case - Master surface wraps around a slave node set
10. The adjustment of slave nodes doesnt create any strain in the model. If DISCRET=N2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial model geometry. If DISCRET=S2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial contact opening/penetration.
If a node on the slave entity lies outside the projection zone of the master surface, it will
always be skipped during adjustment since no contact element has been constructed for
it.
Contact interface padding will be accounted for during the nodal adjustment. If the
MORIENT field is OPENGAP or OVERLAP while the GPAD field in the referred PCONT
entry is NONE or zero, the nodal adjustment will be skipped, since for OPENGAP or
OVERLAP there is no way to decide the master pushout direction if slave nodes are
adjusted to be exactly on the master face.
If different contact interfaces involve the same nodes, nodal adjustment definitions are
processed sequentially in the order of identification numbers of the contact interfaces.
Care must be taken to avoid conflicts between the nodal adjustments; otherwise, contact
element errors or lack of compliance may occur.
a) The ADJUST field must be set to NO for self-contact.
b) If a real value (the searching depth criterion for adjustment) is input for the ADJUST
field, a searching zone for adjustment is defined. The slave nodes in this searching zone,
for which contact elements have been created, will be adjusted. If ADJUST is larger
than or equal to SRCHDIS, all the slave nodes for which contact elements have been
created, will be adjusted.
Altair Engineering

587
Figure 7: An illustration depicting how ADJUST works.
Depth Criterion
The depth criterion (A non-negative real value for ADJUST) is used to define the searching
zone for adjustment, as shown in Figure 7. This searching zone is created in the pushout
direction up to a distance equal to the value of the ADJUST field. The slave nodes within
the searching zone (with defined contact elements) are then considered for adjustment
based on the rules specified within this comment (Comment 10).
c) If the ADJUST field is set to an integer value (the identification number of a grid SET
entry), the nodes shared by the slave entity and the grid SET will be checked for
contact creation, that is, SRCHDIS will be ignored for these nodes, and then adjusted if
a projection is found. The nodes belonging to the grid SET but not to the slave entity
will be simply ignored.
11. Using CLEARANCE overrides the default contact behavior of calculating initial gap opening
from the actual distance between Slave and Master. CLEARANCE is now equal to the
distance that Slave and Master have to move towards each other in order to close the
contact. Negative value of CLEARANCE indicates that the bodies have initial prepenetration.
Warning:
588
If CLEARANCE is used, it is important to correctly restrict the contact zones

and pick search distance SRCHDIS so that only desired Slave-Master pairs are
involved. Using CLEARANCE, all contact elements created on a given
interface, even those where Slaves are geometrically distant from the

Altair Engineering
respective Master surface, will be considered to be at given initial gap and

participate in resolving the contact condition.
Note:
1.
CLEARANCE cannot be used in conjunction with PID of PCONT entry. In such a case,
clearance must be specified on the PCONT entry.
2.
The CLEARANCE field value on the CONTACT entry will be ignored for
ANALYSIS=NLGEOM subcases
Comments for geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcases)

12. CONTACT models an interface between a master surface and a set of slave grid points. A
grid point can be at the same time as a slave and a master node. Each slave grid point
can impact each master segment; except if it is connected to the impacted master
segment. A grid point can impact on more than one segment. A grid point can impact on
the two sides, on the edges, and on the corners of each segment. The contact uses a
fast search algorithm without limitations.
The main limitations of this interface follow: a) the time step in an explicit analysis is
reduced in case of high impact speed or contacts with small gap; b) the contact may not
work properly if used with a rigid body at high impact speed or rigid body with small gap;
c) the contact does not solve edge to edge contact.
13. Additional control can be applied to the CONTACT definition in geometric nonlinear
subcases through CONTPRM and PCONTX. These definitions are ignored in all other
subcases. A geometric nonlinear subcase is one that has an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry
in the subcase definition.
14. The slave entity (SSID) always consists of grid nodes. It may be specified as:
a set of grid nodes defined using SET(GRID,..) command.
a surface defined using SURF command (the slave nodes are picked from the
respective nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET(ELEM,..) command. Slave nodes
are picked from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only
nodes on the surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
15. The master entity (MSID) may be defined as:
a surface defined using SURF command.
a set of elements (shells or solids), TYPE = FREEZE is implemented as a TIE kinematic
condition for large deformation subcases.
16. For implicit analysis, modified settings that improve the contact convergence are
recommended. See CONTPRM and PCONTX.
17. This card defined using SET(ELEM,..) command.
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589
Comment for Contact-based Thermal Analysis

18. Thermal-structural analysis problems involving contact are fully coupled since contact
status changes thermal conductivity. Refer to Contact-based Thermal Analysis in the
Users Guide for more information.
19. This card is represented as a group in HyperMesh.
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CONTPRM
Bulk Data Entry
CONTPRM Default Contact Properties
Description
Defines the default properties of all contacts and sets parameters that affect all contacts.
The default values set here can be overridden by values explicitly specified on PCONT,
PCONTX, and CONTACT cards.
Note: These defaults do not apply to properties of individual
gap elements that are specified on PGAP cards.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ONTPRM PARAM1
VALUE1
PARAM2
VALUE2
PARAM3
VALUE3
PARAM4
VALUE4
PARAM5
VALUE5
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C ONTPR
M
GPAD
0.5
STIFF
AUTO
MU1
0.3
Field
Contents
PARAMi
Name of parameter.
VALi
Value of parameter.
Altair Engineering
(8)
(9)

(10)
591
Parameters for nonlinear quasi-static analysis

Name
Values
GPAD
Padding of master or slave objects to account for additional layers, such

as shell thickness, and so on. This value is subtracted from contact gap
opening as calculated from location of nodes. See comment 1.
Default = THICK (Real or NONE or THICK)
STIFF
Relative stiffness of gap. See comment 2.

Default = AUTO (AUTO, SOFT, HARD or Real > 0.0)
MU1
Coefficient of static friction ( s). See comments 3 and 4.

Default = 0.0 (Real > 0.0 or STICK or FREEZE)
MU2
Coefficient of kinetic friction ( k ).

Default = MU1 (0.0 < Real < MU1)
CONTGAP
Create a bulk data file that contains internally created node-to-surface

contact elements represented as CGAPG elements. The file name is:
filename_root.contgap.fem. See comment 6.
Default = NO (YES or NO)
CORIENT
Indicates whether the master orientation field MORIENT on the CONTACT

card applies to all surfaces or if it excludes solid elements.
Default = ONSHELL (ONSHELL or ONALL)
ONSHELL MORIENT applies only to contact masters that consist of shell
elements or patches of grids. Master surfaces defined as faces of solid
elements always push outwards, irrespective of initially open or prepenetrating contact.
ONALL MORIENT applies to all contact masters including, in particular,
solid elements.
SFPRPEN
Indicates whether initial pre-penetrations are recognized and resolved in

self-contact areas. (This only affects self-contact areas, wherein Master
and Slave belong to the same set or surface).
Default = YES (YES or NO)
YES Initial self-penetrations are recognized and resolved in self-contact
areas. There is some danger of finding false self-penetrations across
solids thinner than SRCHDIS (See comment 7).
NO There are no pre-penetrations to be resolved in self-contact areas,
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Altair Engineering
except maybe minimal intrusions due to meshing, and so on. Any selfpenetrations larger than minimum element size will be ignored in those
areas (See comment 7).
FRICESL
Frictional elastic slip distance of sliding up to which the frictional

transverse force increases linearly with slip distance. Specified in physical
distance units (similar to U0 and GPAD). See comment 8.
Non-zero value or blank activates respective friction model based

on Elastic Slip Distance.
Zero value activates friction model based on fixed transverse

stiffness KT.
Default = AUTO (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
Parameters for geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM / IMPDYN /

EXPDYN in subcase)
Name
Values
STFAC
Interface stiffness scale factor.

Default = 1.0 in implicit analysis
Default = 0.1 in explicit analysis
(Real > 0)
FRIC
Coulomb friction.
GAP
Gap for impact activation (See comments 10 and 11).

(Real > 0)
IDEL
Flag for node and segment deletion.

Default = 0 (Integer = 0, , 2)
0 - No deletion.
1 - When all of the elements (shells, solids) associated to one segment are
deleted, the segment is removed from the master side of the interface.
Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the slave side of the
interface.
2 - When a shell or a solid element is deleted, the corresponding segment
is removed from the master side of the interface. Additionally, nonconnected nodes are removed from the slave side of the interface.
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593
INACTI
Flag for handling of initial penetrations (See comment 13).

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, , 5)
0 - No action.
1 - Deactivation of stiffness on nodes.
2 - Deactivation of stiffness on elements.
3 - Change slave node coordinates to avoid small initial penetrations.
4 - Change master node coordinates to avoid small initial penetrations.
5 - Gap is variable with time but initial gap is slightly de-penetrated as
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 0.05*(gap - P0)
Valid in explicit analysis: 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5.
Valid in implicit analysis: 0, 3 and 4.
Invalid entries are ignored.
CORIENT
Indicates whether the master orientation field MORIENT on the CONTACT

card applies to all surfaces, or if it excludes solid elements.
Default = ONSHELL (ONSHELL or ONALL)
ONSHELL MORIENT applies only to contact masters that consist of shell
elements or patches of grids. Master surfaces defined as faces of solid
elements always push outwards, irrespective of initially open or prepenetrating contact.
ONALL MORIENT applies to all contact masters including, in particular,
solid elements.
IFRIC
Friction formulation flag (See comment 15).

Default = COUL (Character = COUL, GEN, DARM, REN)
COUL - Static Coulomb friction law.
GEN - Generalized viscous friction law.
DARM - Darmstad friction law.
REN - Renard friction law.
In implicit computation, only IFRIC = COUL is implemented.
IFILT
Friction filtering flag (See comment 14).

Default = NO (Character = NO, SIMP, PER, CUTF)
NO - No filter is used.
SIMP - Simple numerical filter.
PER - Standard -3dB filter with filtering period.
CUTF - Standard -3dB filter with cutting frequency.
FFAC
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(0.0 < Real < 1.0)

IFORM
Type of friction penalty formulation (See comments 16 and 17).

Default = VISC (Character = VISC, STIFF)
VISC - Viscous (total) formulation.
STIFF - Stiffness (incremental) formulation.
C1, C2, C3,

C4, C5, C6
Friction law coefficients.
IGNORE
Flag to ignore slave nodes if no master segment is found for TIE contact
(See comment 18).
(Real > 0)
Default = 1 (Integer = 0, 1, 2)
0 - No deletion of slave nodes;
1 - Slave nodes with no master segment found are deleted from the
interface;
interface; if SRCHDIS is blank, then it would be newly calculated internally.
MTET10
Flag for second order CTETRA as contact master surface.

Default = 0 (Integer = 0, 1)
0 - TETRA 10 is degenerated on the surface (middle nodes are removed
from contact);
1 - Four triangular segments are used on each tetra face.
The following entries are relevant for explicit analysis only.

ISYM
Flag for symmetric contact.

Default = SYM (Character = SYM, UNSYM)
SYM Symmetric contact.
UNSYM Master-slave contact.
If SSID defines a grid set, the contact is always a master-slave contact.
IEDGE
Flag for edge generation from slave and master surfaces.

Default = NO (Character = NO, ALL, BORD, FEAT)
NO No edge generation.
ALL All segment edges are included.
BORD External border of slave and master surface is used.
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595
FEAT External border as well as features defined by FANG are used.

FANG
Feature angle for edge generation in degrees (Only with IEDGE = FEAT).
IGAP
Flag for gap definition.

Default = CONST (Character = CONST, VAR)
CONST - Gap is constant and equal to GAP (See comments 11 and 12).
VAR - Gap is variable (in space, not in time) according to the
characteristics of the impacting surfaces and nodes (See comment 11).
ISTF
Flag for stiffness definition (See comment 9).

0 - The stiffness is computed according to the master side characteristics.
1 - STIF1 is used as interface stiffness.
2, 3, 4 and 5 - The interface stiffness is computed from both master and
slave characteristics.
STIF1
Interface stiffness (Only with ISTF = 1).

STMIN
Minimum interface stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).

(Real > 0)
STMAX
Maximum interface stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).

Default = 1030 (Real > 0)
IBC
Flag for deactivation of boundary conditions at impact.

(Character = X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ, XYZ)
VISS
Critical damping coefficient on interface stiffness.

VISF
Critical damping coefficient on interface friction.

BMULT
Sorting factor.
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Altair Engineering
Comments for quasi-static analysis

1.
The initial gap opening is calculated automatically based on the relative location of slave
and master nodes (in the original, undeformed mesh). To account for additional material
layers covering master or slave objects (such as half of shell thickness), the GPAD entry
can be used. GPAD option THICK automatically accounts for shell thickness on both sides
of the contact interface (this also includes the effects of shell element offset ZOFFS or
composite offset Z0).
2.
Option STIFF=AUTO determines the value of normal stiffness for each contact element
using the stiffness of surrounding elements. Additional options SOFT and HARD create
respectively softer or harder penalties. SOFT can be used in cases of convergence
difficulties and HARD can be used if undesirable penetration is detected in the solution.
3.
Prescribing MU1=STICK is interpreted in OptiStruct as an enforced stick condition - such

applies to contacts that are closed.
4.
Prescribing MU1=FREEZE enforces zero relative displacements on the contact surface

the contact gap opening remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is
zero. The FREEZE condition applies to all slave nodes, no matter whether their initial gap
is open or closed.
5.
6.
The file filename_root.contgap.fem, produced using the CONTGAP parameter, can be

imported into HyperMesh in order to visualize internally created node-to-surface contact
elements (now converted to GAPG entities). Note that during optimization, this file shows
node-to-surface contact elements for the latest optimization iteration. In order to
correctly visualize this configuration in HyperMesh for shape optimization problems, the
FEA mesh shape needs to be updated by applying "Shape change" results.
Furthermore, if GAPPRM,HMGAPST,YES is activated together with
CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES, then the gap status command file,
filename_root.HM.gapstat.cmf, will also include the open/closed status of these
additional GAPGs that represent node-to-surface contact elements. For correct
visualization of their status in HyperMesh, file filename_root.contgap.fem needs to be
imported before running the gap status command file.
7.
The CONTACT capability in NLSTAT solution is designed to correctly resolve initial prepenetration, such as happens in press fit, and so on. This usually works reliably with
correct identification of Master and Slave surfaces. However, in some cases users create
contact surfaces by property for convenience, which results in contact surfaces
enveloping the entire solid bodies. Also, sometimes the Slave and Master receive the
same ID, which is known as self-contact (and is not a recommended practice, in spite of
the convenience factor). In such cases, it is possible to encounter false selfpenetrations, as illustrated below:
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597
In the case above, the Slave node will be identified as if pre-penetrating the Master face,
while in reality it is on the other side of the same solid body. The result from nonlinear
CONTACT solution will be such that this portion of the body will be squeezed to have
practically zero thickness, with very high stresses obviously resulting.
Apart from correctly identifying potential Slave and Master sets, a possible remedy to
avoid such situations is to make sure that SRCHDIS is smaller than minimum thickness of
the solid bodies which are enveloped by self-contacting surfaces.
An alternative, viable when there are no actual pre-penetrations in the problem, is to
choose SFPRPEN = NO, which will ignore initial pre-penetrations on self-contacting
surfaces (some minor pre-penetrations due to variations of nodal positions will still be
correctly resolved up to the minimum element size on the respective contact surfaces).
Note that SFPRPEN affects only surfaces that actually have self-penetration, as in a case
where the Slave Node and Master Face belong to the same contact set or surface. On
properly defined, disjoint Slave and Master surfaces, the initial pre-penetrations will be
resolved irrespective of this parameter.
8.
Effective in Release 12.0, two models of friction are available in nonlinear analysis:
(a) Model based on fixed slope KT (previously existing),
(b) Model based on Elastic Slip Distance FRICESL (introduced in v12.0 and current default).
This latter model typically shows better performance in solution of frictional problems
thanks to more stable handling of transitions from stick to slip. Key differences between
the two available models are illustrated in the figure below (F 1 and F 2 represent two
different values of normal force F x ):
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Altair Engineering
C omparison of the two available friction models for contact elements.
Model (a), based on fixed stiffness KT, is relatively simple, yet has certain drawback in
modeling nonlinear friction. Namely, in Coulomb friction the frictional resistance depends
upon normal force. Using fixed KT will predict different range of stick/slip boundary for
different normal forces, and thus may qualify the same configuration as stick or slip,
depending on normal force.
Model (b), based on Elastic Slip Distance, provides unique identification of stick or slip
and generally performs better in solution of problems with friction. This model does
require prescribing elastic slip distance FRICESL for contact interfaces this value is
determined automatically as 0.5% of typical element size on all Master contact
surfaces.
The model (b), which is currently the default, is recommended for solution of nonlinear
problems with friction. For backwards compatibility, the model based on fixed KT can be
activated by prescribing FRICESL=0 on PCONT or CONTPRM card.
Comments for geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM / IMPDYN / EXPDYN
in subcase)
9.
and/or the slave segment stiffness Ks.
The master stiffness is computed from Km = STFAC * B * S * S/V for solids, Km = 0.5 *
STFAC * E * t for shells as well as when the master segment is shared by a shell and
solid.
The slave stiffness is an equivalent nodal stiffness computed as Ks = STFAC * B * V-3 for
solids, Ks = 0.5 * STFAC * E * t for shells.
In these equations, B is the Bulk Modulus, S is the segment area, E is the modulus of
elasticity, t is shell thickness, and V is the volume of a solid. There is no limitation to the
value of stiffness factor (but a value larger than 1.0 can reduce the initial time step).
ISTF = 0, the interface stiffness K = Km
ISTF > 1, the interface stiffness is then K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
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599
ISTF = 3, K1 = max (Km, Ks)

ISTF = 4, K1 = min (Km, Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
10. In an implicit analysis, the contact stiffness plays a very important role in convergence.
ISTF = 4 (which takes the minimum of master and slave stiffnesss for contact) is
recommended. This is because the penalty contact force will be balanced with the
internal force of the deformable impacted part. That means the stiffness near the
effective stiffness one will converge easier than a higher one.
For small initial gaps in implicit analysis, the convergence will be more stable if a GAP is
defined that is larger than the initial gap.
In implicit analysis, sometimes a stiffness with scaling factor reduction (for example:
STFAC = 0.01) or reduction in impacted thickness (if rigid one) might reduce unbalanced
forces and improve convergence, particularly in shell structures under bending where the
effective stiffness is much lower than membrane stiffness; but it should be noted that too
low of a value could also lead to divergence.
11. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of
t, average thickness of the master shell elements;
l/10, l average side length of the master solid elements;
lmin/2, lmin smallest side length of all master segments (shell or solid).
12. The variable gap (IGAP = VAR) is computed as gs + gm
with:
gm - master element gap with
gm = t/2, t: thickness of the master element for shell elements.
gm = 0 for solid elements.
gs - slave node gap:
gs = 0 if the slave node is not connected to any element or is only connected to solid or
spring elements.
gs = t/2, t - largest thickness of the shell elements connected to the slave node.
and beam elements, with S being the cross-section of the element.
If the slave node is connected to multiple shells and/or beams or trusses, the largest
computed slave gap is used.
The variable gap is always at least equal to GAPMIN.
13. INACTI = 3, 4 are only recommended for small initial penetrations and should be used with
caution because:
the coordinate change is irreversible.
it may create other initial penetrations if several surface layers are defined in the
interfaces.
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Altair Engineering
it may create initial energy if the node belongs to a spring element.

INACTI = 5 works as follows:
14.
the tangential friction forces are smoothed using a filter:
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T -1
where,
F T - Tangential force
F'T - Tangential force at time t
F'T - 1 - Tangential force at time t-1
- filtering coefficient
IFILT = SIMP = FFAC
IFILT = PER = 2 dt/FFAC, where dt/T = FFAC, T is the filtering period
IFILT = CUTF = 2 * FFAC * dt, where FFAC is the cutting frequency
15. IFRIC defines the friction model.
IFRIC = COUL Coulomb friction with F T <
* F N with
= FRIC
For IFRIC is not COUL, the friction coefficient is set by a function ( = (p, V)), where p is
the pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the tangential velocity
of the slave node.
The following formulations are available:
IFRIC = GEN - Generalized viscous friction law
= Fric + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * V + C4 * p2 + C5 * V2
IFRIC = DARM - Darmstad law
= C1
e(C 2 V )
Altair Engineering
p2 + C3
e(C 4 V )
p + C5
e(C 6 V )

601
IFRIC = REN - Renard law
The first critical velocity Vcr1

than the second critical velocity Vcr2 (C5 < C6).
The static friction coefficient C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2 must be lower
than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3 ) and C2 < C3 ).
The minimum friction coefficient C4 , must be lower than the static friction coefficient
C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2 (C4 < C1 and C4 < C2 ).
16. IFROM selects two types of contact friction penalty formulation.
The viscous (total) formulation (IFORM = VISC) computes an adhesive force as
F adh = VISF * Sqrt(2Km) * VTF T = min (F N, F adh)
The stiffness (incremental) formulation (IFORM = STIFF) computes an adhesive force as
F adh = F Told + F T
F T = K * VT * dt
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Altair Engineering
F Tnew = min (F N, F adh )

17. For nonlinear implicit contact with friction, the stiffness formulation (IFORM = STIFF) is
recommended.
18. If IGNORE = 1 or 2, the slave nodes without a master segment found during the searching
are deleted from the interface.
If IGNORE = 1 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the default value of the distance for searching
closest master segment is the average size of the master segments.
If IGNORE = 2 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the distance for searching closest master
segment is computed as follows for each slave node:
d1 = 0.6 * (T s + T m)
d2 = 0.05 * T md
SRCHDIS = max(d1, d2 )
where,
T s is the thickness of the element connected to the slave node, for solids T s = 0.0
T m is the thickness of master segment, for solids T m = Element volume / Segment area
T md is the master segment diagonal
19. This card is represented as a control card in HyperMesh.
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603
CONTX11
Bulk Data Entry
CONTX11 Edge to Edge or Line to Line Contact Interface Definition for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines a edge to edge or line to line contact interface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C ONTX11
C TID
PID
SLID
MLID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ONTX11
10
(6)
Field
Contents
CTID
Contact interface identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
PID
Property identification number of a PCONT entry. See comment 2.

(Integer > 0)
SLID
Identification number of slave LINE entity. See comments 3 and 4.

(Integer > 0)
MLID
Identification number of master LINE entity. See comments 3 and 4.

(Integer > 0)
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Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
CONTX11 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN. It is ignored for all other subcases.
2.
The property of CONTX11(PID) only can be defined by PCONT and its extended card
PCNTX11.
3.
CONTX11 defines contact interface type 11, it describes the edge to edge or line to line
interface. This interface simulates impact between lines, a line can be a beam or truss
element or a shell edge or spring elements. The interface properties are:
impacts occur between a master and a slave line;
a slave line can impact on one or more master lines;
a line can belong to the master and the slave side. This allows self impact;
this interface can be used in addition to the interface type 7 PCNTX7 to solve the
edge to edge limitation of interface type 7.
4.
The slave line entity SLID and master line set entity MLID must be defined via LINE:
a set of edges or lines of 1-D, 2-D or 3-D elements;
a set of elements (bars, beams, springs or shells), defined using SET(ELEM,...)
command;
5.
This card is represented as a group in HyperMesh.
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605
CONV
Bulk Data Entry
CONV Free Convection
Description
Defines a free convection boundary condition for heat transfer analysis through connection to
a surface element (CHBDYE card).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
C ONV
EID
PC ONID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
TA
Field
Contents
EID
CHBDYE surface element identification number.

PCONID
Convection property identification number of a PCONV card.

TA
Ambient points used to specify ambient temperature.

Comments
1.
The basic exchange relationship is expressed as:
q = H * (T - TAMB)
Where, H is the free convection heat transfer coefficient specified on a MAT4 card
referred by a PCONV card, T is the grid temperature, and TAMB is the ambient
temperature.
2.
CONV is used with a CHBDYE card having the same EID.
3.
In linear steady-state heat transfer analysis, ambient temperature is specified by SPC of

the TA point.
4.
This card is represented as a slave element in HyperMesh.
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CORD1C
Bulk Data Entry
CORD1C Cylindrical Coordinate System Definition, Form 1
Description
This entry defines a cylindrical coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is
the origin, the second lies on the Z-axis, and the third lies in the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD1C
C ID
G1
G2
G3
C ID
G1
G2
G3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ORD1C
16
32
19
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
CID
Unique coordinate system identification number.
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1, G2, G3
Grid point identification numbers of points used to uniquely define the

cylindrical coordinate system (see Figure 1).
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607
Figure 1: Defining a C ylindrical C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments
1.
Coordinate system identification numbers (CID) on all CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S,

CORD2R, CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries must all be unique.
2.
A duplicate identification number is allowed if the CID and GID are identical and the
coordinates are within the value set by PARAM, DUPTOL (see Guidelines for Bulk Data
Entries for further information).
3.
The three points G1, G2, G3 must be non-collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by the
geometry processor.
4.
The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this cylindrical coordinate system is given by
(R, , and Z) where, is measured in degrees.
5.
The displacement coordinate directions at P are dependent on the location of P (ur, u,

and uz) as shown in Figure 1. The displacements in all three of these directions at the
grid point are specified in units of length.
In OptiStruct, the cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems are internally resolved to
entity-position-dependent (example: GRID) rectangular systems. Therefore, when a grid
point is located in a cylindrical system, OptiStruct constructs a rectangular system at
that location for the grid point. The R-direction corresponds to the X-axis, the Z-axis is
the same, and the axis is tangential to the X (or R) axis. Now the various degrees of
freedom can be resolved (vis--vis constraints) similar to a general rectangular system.
Care must be taken to observe that the internally generated rectangular systems are
dependent on the grid point location in the cylindrical system. So they may be different
for different grid point locations within the same cylindrical system.
608

Altair Engineering
6.
Points on the Z-axis should not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity. In this case, the defining rectangular system is used.
7.
A maximum of two coordinate systems may be defined on a single entry.
8.
This card is represented as a system in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

609
CORD1R
Bulk Data Entry
CORD1R Rectangular Coordinate System Definition, Form 1
Description
This entry defines a rectangular coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is
the origin, the second lies on the Z-axis, and the third lies on the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD1R
C ID
G1
G2
G3
C ID
G1
G2
G3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ORD1R
16
32
19
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
CID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1, G2, G3
610

rectangular coordinate system (see Figure 1).

Altair Engineering
Figure 1: Defining a Rectangular C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments
1.
Coordinate system identification numbers on all CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S, CORD2R,

CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries must all be unique.
2.
3.
The three points G1, G2, and G3 must be non-collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by
the geometry processor.
4.
The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this rectangular coordinate system is given
by (X, Y, and Z).
5.
The displacement coordinate directions at P are (Ux , Uv , and Uz) as shown in Figure 1.
6.
7.
In geometric nonlinear analysis, CORD1R is a moving coordinate system. It moves with

GRID points defining the system.
8.
Altair Engineering

611
CORD1S
Bulk Data Entry
CORD1S Spherical Coordinate System Definition, Form 1
Description
This entry defines a spherical coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is the
origin, the second lies on the polar (Z) axis, and the third lies in the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD1S
C ID
G1
G2
G3
C ID
G1
G2
G3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ORD1S
16
32
19
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
CID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1, G2, G3
612

Altair Engineering
Figure 1: Defining a Spherical C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments
1.

2.
3.
4.
The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this spherical coordinate system is given by
(R, , and ). Where, and are measured in degrees.
5.
The displacement coordinate directions at P are dependent on the location of P (ur, u,

and u ) as shown in Figure 1. The displacements in all three of these directions at the
grid point are specified in units of length.
6.
Points on the polar axis may not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity. In this case, the defining rectangular system is
used.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering

613
CORD2C
Bulk Data Entry
CORD2C Cylindrical Coordinate System Definition, Form 2
Description
This entry defines a cylindrical coordinate system using three grid points specified with
respect to a reference coordinate system. The coordinates of the three non-collinear grid
points are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The first point defines the origin.
The second point defines the direction of the Z-axis. The third lies in the X-Z plane (see
Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD2C
C ID
RID
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
C ORD2C
5.2
(3)
1.0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
-2.9
1.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
1.0
(10)
-2.9
Field
Contents
CID

(Integer > 0)
RID
Identification number of a reference coordinate system that is defined

independently from this coordinate system (see comment 7).
614

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
A1,A2,A3
B1,B2,B3
C1,C2,C3
Coordinates of three points in the reference coordinate system (RID). If

RID is blank or 0, then the reference coordinate system is the default
(Real)
Figure 1: Defining a C ylindrical C oordinate System (C ID) using points A, B and C with reference to another
coordinate system (RID).
Comments
1.
The three points (A1, A2, A3), (B1, B2, B3), (C1, C2, C3) must be unique and noncollinear. Non-collinearity is checked by the geometry processor.
2.
Coordinate system identification numbers (CID) on all CORD1R, CORD1C, CORD1S,

CORD2R, CORD2C, CORD2S, CORD3R, and CORD4R entries must be unique.
3.
4.
The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this cylindrical coordinate system is given by
(R, , and Z). Where, is measured in degrees.
5.
The displacement coordinate directions at P are dependent on the location of P (Ur, U,

and Uz) as shown in Figure 1. The displacements in these three directions at the grid
point are specified in units of length.
Altair Engineering

615
In OptiStruct, the cylindrical and spherical coordinate systems are internally resolved to
entity-position-dependent (example: GRID) rectangular systems. Therefore, when a grid
point is located in a cylindrical system, OptiStruct constructs a rectangular system at
that location for the grid point. The R-direction corresponds to the X-axis, the Z-axis is
the same, and the axis is tangential to the X (or R) axis. Now the various degrees of
freedom can be resolved (vis--vis constraints) similar to a general rectangular system.
Care must be taken to observe that the internally generated rectangular systems are
dependent on the grid point location in the cylindrical system. So they may be different
for different grid point locations within the same cylindrical system.
6.
Points on the Z-axis should not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity.
7.
The reference coordinate system (RID) should be independently defined or left blank. If
blank (or 0), the reference coordinate system is the default basic coordinate system. In
such cases, A, B and C are defined with respect to the basic coordinate system.
8.
616

Altair Engineering
CORD2R
Bulk Data Entry
Description
The entry defines a rectangular coordinate system by using three grid points. The coordinates
of the three non-collinear grid points are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The
first point defines the origin. The second defines the direction of the Z-axis. The third point
defines a vector, which, with the Z-axis, defines the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD2R
C ID
RID
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
C ORD2R
5.2
(3)
1.0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
-2.9
1.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
1.0
(10)
-2.9
Field
Contents
CID

(Integer > 0)
RID
Identification number of a coordinate system that is defined independently

from this coordinate system (see comment 6).
Altair Engineering

617
Field
Contents
A1,A2,A3
B1,B2,B3
C1,C2,C3

(Real)
Figure 1: Defining a Rectangular C oordinate System (C ID) using points A, B and C with reference to another
coordinate system (RID).
Comments
1.
The three points (A1, A2, and A3), (B1, B2, and B3), and (C1, C2, and C3) must be
unique and non-collinear. Non-collinearity is checked by the geometry processor.
2.

3.
4.
by (X, Y, and Z).
5.
618

Altair Engineering
6.
7.
Altair Engineering

619
CORD2S
Bulk Data Entry
CORD2S Spherical Coordinate System Definition, Form 2
Description
This entry defines a spherical coordinate system three grid points. The coordinates of the
three non-collinear grid points are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The first
point defines the origin. The second point defines the direction of the Z-axis. The third lies in
the X-Z plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD2S
C ID
RID
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
C1
C2
C3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
C ORD2S
5.2
(3)
1.0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
-2.9
1.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
1.0
(10)
-2.9
Field
Contents
CID

(Integer > 0)
RID
Identification number of a coordinate system that is defined

independently from this coordinate system (see comment 7).
A1,A2,A3
620

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
B1,B2,B3
C1,C2,C3

(Real)
Figure 1: Defining a Spherical C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points A, B and C .
Comments
1.
2.

3.
4.
The location of a grid point (P in Figure 1) in this spherical coordinate system is given by
(R, , and ). Where, and are measured in degrees.
5.
The displacement coordinate directions at P are (ur, u, and u ) as shown in Figure 1.

The displacements in all three of these directions at the grid point are specified in units of
length.
Altair Engineering

621
6.
Points on the polar axis may not have their displacement directions defined in this
coordinate system due to ambiguity.
7.
8.
622

Altair Engineering
CORD3R
Bulk Data Entry
Description
The entry defines a rectangular coordinate system using three grid points. The first point is
the origin, the second lies on the X-axis, and the third lies on the X-Y plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ORD3R
C ID
G1
G2
G3
C ID
G1
G2
G3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ORD3R
16
32
19
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
CID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1, G2, G3

rectangular coordinate system (see Figure 1).
Altair Engineering

623
Figure 1: Defining a Rectangular C oordinate System (C ID) using grid points G1, G2 and G3.
Comments
1.

2.
coordinates are within the value set by PARAM, DUPTOL. Refer to Guidelines for Bulk Data
Entries.
3.
4.
by (X, Y, and Z).
5.
6.
7.
In geometric nonlinear analysis, CORD3R is a moving coordinate system. It moves with

grid points defining the system.
8.
The implementation of CORD3R in OptiStruct is different from that of NASTRAN. A CORD3R

coordinate system in OptiStruct can be defined by specifying grid point identification
numbers for the Origin, X-axis and the XY plane, whereas CORD3R in NASTRAN is specified
with reference to the Origin, Z-axis and the XZ plane.
9.
624

Altair Engineering
CORD4R
Bulk Data Entry
Description
This entry defines a rectangular coordinate system using three grid points specified with
respect to the basic coordinate system. The coordinates of the three non-collinear grid points
are used to uniquely define the coordinate system. The first point is the origin, the second lies
on the X-axis, and the third lies on the X-Y plane (see Figure 1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
C ORD4R
C ID
C1
C2
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
(10)
C3
Example
(1)
(2)
C ORD4R
5.2
(3)
1.0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
-2.9
1.0
0.0
3.6
0.0
1.0
(10)
-2.9
Field
Contents
CID

(Integer > 0)
A1,A2,A3
B1,B2,B3
C1,C2,C3
Coordinates of three points in the basic coordinate system.

(Real)
Altair Engineering

625
Figure 1: C ORD4R definition.
Comments
1.

2.
3.
4.
by (X, Y, and Z).
5.
6.
7.
626

Altair Engineering
COUPLER
Bulk Data Entry
COUPLER Coupler Definition for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a coupler connecting two or three joints.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C OUPLER
C OID
JID1
TYPE1
RATIO1
JID2
TYPE2
RATIO2
JID3
TYPE3
RATIO3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C OUPLER
2.0
1.0
Field
Contents
COID
Unique coupler identification number.
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
JIDi
Joint identification numbers.

TYPEi
Type.
No default (TRA or ROT) See comment 3.
RATIOi
Coefficients of the coupler constraint equation.

(Real; Default = 1.0)
Altair Engineering

627
Comments
1.
COUPLERs are only valid in a multi-body solution sequence.
2.
At least JID1 and JID2 need to be defined.
3.
The type is optional if the Joint is revolute or translation. But if the joint is cylindrical,
the type should be set to TRA to denote that the translational motion is coupled or ROT
to specify that the rotational motion is coupled.
628

Altair Engineering
CPENTA
Bulk Data Entry
CPENTA Five-sided Solid Element with six or fifteen grid points
Description
Defines the connections of the CPENTA element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C PENTA
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C PENTA
112
15
14
103
115
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID

G#
Identification numbers of connected grid points.

Altair Engineering

629
Comments
1.
Element ID numbers must be unique with respect to all other element ID numbers.
2.
The topology of the diagram must be preserved, that is, G1, G2, and G3 define a
triangular face, G1-G4, G2-G5, and G3-G6 each form one edge.
The edge points, G7-G15, are optional. If any of the edge points are present, they all
must be used. The second and third continuation is not needed for the six node version
of this element.
C PENTA definition
3.
G3 and G4 with G6. For 15-noded CPENTA, appropriate changes to mid-side node
numbering are also performed. In such cases, the element coordinate system will be built
on the renumbered node sequence.
4.
5.
The element coordinate system for the CPENTA element is defined as follows:
630

Altair Engineering
C PENTA element coordinate system
The origin of the element coordinate system is located at the mid-point of a straight line
from G1 to G4.
The element z-axis corresponds to the average of the vector connecting the centroid of
triangular face G1-G2-G3 to the centroid of the triangular face G4-G5-G6 and the normal
vector of the mid-plane (the plane on which the mid-points of the straight lines G1-G4,
G2-G5, and G3-G6 lie). The positive sense of the z-axis is toward the triangular face G4G5-G6.
The element y-axis is perpendicular to the element z-axis and lies on the plane created by
the element z-axis and the line connecting the origin and the mid-point of a straight line
from G3 to G6. The positive sense of the y-axis is toward the straight line from G3 to G6.
6.
This card is represented as a penta6 or penta15 element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

631
CPYRA
Bulk Data Entry
CPYRA Five-sided Solid Element with five or thirteen grid points
Description
Defines the connections of the PYRA solid element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C PYRA
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
G11
G12
G13
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C PYRA
71
Field
Contents
EID
(9)
(10)

PID

G#

632

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
2.
Grid points G1,,G4 must be given in consecutive order about the quadrilateral face.
The edge points, G6 through G13, are optional. If any of the edge points are present,
they all must be used. The continuation must not be present for the 5-noded version of
this element.
C PYRA definition
3.
4.
The element coordinate system for the CPYRA element is defined as follows:
R
Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G4 and G2 to G3.
Joins the intersection of R and S to G5.
Altair Engineering

633
C PYRA element coordinate system
The origin of the element coordinate system is located at the intersection of the vectors
R and S.
5.
634
This card is represented as a pyra5 or pyra13 element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
CQUAD4
Bulk Data Entry
CQUAD4 Quadrilateral Element Connection
Description
Defines a quadrilateral plate element (QUAD4) of the structural model. This element uses a 6
degree-of-freedom per node formulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C QUAD4
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
Theta
or
MC ID
ZOFFS
T1
T2
T3
T4
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C QUAD4
111
203
31
74
75
32
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP, PCOMPP or PHFSHL property

entry.
G1,G2,G3,G4

No default (Integers > 0, all unique)
Altair Engineering

635
Field
Contents
Theta
Material orientation angle in degrees.

MCID
Material coordinate system identification number. The x-axis of this

coordinate system is projected onto the element to define the x-axis of
the material coordinate system. If MCID = 0, it specifies the basic
coordinate system. MCID must be an integer > 0. If blank, Theta =
0.0 is used, unless the material referenced by the element is isotropic
(MAT1) then MCID = 0 is used. See comments 4, 5, and 6.
Default is Theta = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS
Offset from the plane defined by element grid points to the shell
reference plane. See comment 10. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on
the PSHELL entry.
Ti
Thickness of the element at the grid points. Overrides the thickness

specified on the PSHELL entry. If Ti is specified, the average of all four
thicknesses is used as the element thickness.
For defaults: See comments 7 and 9.
(Real > 0.0 or blank)
Comments
1.
2.
Grid points G1 through G4 must be ordered consecutively around the perimeter of the
element.
3.
All of the interior angles must be less than 180 degrees.
4.
The elemental coordinate system is a bisection definition as depicted in the following

figure:
636

Altair Engineering
Elemental coordinate system
5.
For H3D and OUTPUT2 output formats, stresses and strains are always output in the
elemental system.
6.
For HM, PUNCH and OPTI output formats, stresses and strains are output by default in
the material coordinate system. PARAM, OMID can be set to NO to output results in the
elemental system. For elements with blank Theta/MCID, THETA = 0.0 is assumed, and
the material coordinate system is aligned with side G1-G2 of the shell element. For
elements with prescribed THETA, the material x-axis is rotated from side G1-G2 by angle
THETA. For elements with prescribed MCID, the material system is constructed by
projecting the prescribed MCID onto the plane of the element.
Orientation when Theta (real value) is entered in 8th field
Altair Engineering

637
Orientation when MC ID (integer value) is entered in 8th field
7.
If any of the Ti fields are blank, the thickness specified on the PSHELL data will be used
for that nodes thickness. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the thickness at that node is
zero.
8.
If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size or size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in the design
space for Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
9.
If Ti is present, the PID cannot reference PCOMP or PCOMPP data.
10. The shell reference plane can be offset from the plane defined by element nodes by
means of ZOFFS. In this case all other information, such as material matrices or fiber
locations for the calculation of stresses, is given relative to the offset reference plane.
Similarly, shell results, such as shell element forces, are output on the offset reference
plane.
ZOFFS can be input in two different formats:
1. Real:
A positive or a negative value of ZOFFS is specified in this format. A positive value of
ZOFFS implies that the reference plane of each shell element is offset a distance of
ZOFFS along the positive z-axis of its element coordinate system.
2. Surface:
This format allows you to select either Top or Bottom option to specify the offset
value.
Top:
The top surface of the shell element and the plane defined by the element nodes are
coincident.
This makes the effective "Real" ZOFFS value equal to half of the thickness of the PSHELL
property entry referenced by this element. (The sign of the ZOFFS value would depend on
the direction of the offset relative to the positive z-axis of the element coordinate
638

Altair Engineering
system, as defined in the Real section). See Figure 1.
Figure 1: Top option in ZOFFS
Bottom:
The bottom surface of the shell element and the plane defined by the element nodes are
coincident.
Figure 2: Bottom option in ZOFFS
Note that when ZOFFS is used, both MID1 and MID2 must be specified on the PSHELL
entry referenced by this element (otherwise, singular matrices would result).
Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass, and geometric stiffness), and to
respective element loads (such as gravity). Hence, ZOFFS can be used in all types of
analysis and optimization. Note, however, that for first order shell elements (CQUAD4 and
CTRIA3), the offset operation does not correct for secondary effects, such as change of
shell area when offset is applied on curved surfaces. Hence, the value of ZOFFS should
be kept within a reasonable percentage (10% - 15%) of the local radius of curvature.
Automatic offset control is available in composite free-size and sizing optimization where
the specified offset values are automatically updated based on thickness changes.
Moreover, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
used in linear buckling analysis, caution is advised in interpreting the results. Without
offset, a typical simple structure will bifurcate and loose stability instantly at the critical
Altair Engineering

639
load. With offset, though, the loss of stability is gradual and asymptotically reaches a
limit load, as shown below in figure (b):
Hence, the structure with offset can reach excessive deformation before the limit load is
reached. Note that the above illustrations apply to linear buckling in a fully nonlinear
limit load simulation, additional instability points may be present on the load path.
11. PHFSHL properties are only valid with an @HYPERFORM statement in the first line of the
input file.
12. This card is represented as a quad4 element in HyperMesh.
640

Altair Engineering
CQUAD8
Bulk Data Entry
CQUAD8 Curved Quadrilateral Shell Element Connection
Description
Defines a curved quadrilateral shell element with eight grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C QUAD8
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
T1
T2
T3
T4
Theta
or
MC ID
ZOFFS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C QUAD8
111
203
20
21
50
51
26
94
95
23
0.125
0.025
0.030
.025
30.
.03
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP or PCOMPP property entry.

G1,G2,G3,G4
Grid point identification numbers of connected corner points. Required

data for all four grid points.
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641
Field
Contents
G5,G6,G7,G8
Grid point identification numbers of connected edge points. Cannot be

omitted.
No default (Integer > 0 or blank)
Ti
Thickness of the element at the corner grid points G1 through G4. The
thickness of the element with Ti specified will be constant and equal to
an average of T1, T2, T3 and T4.
For defaults: see comment 5.
THETA
Material orientation angle in degrees. See comment 4.

Default = 0,0 (Real)
MCID

coordinate system is projected onto the element to define the x-axis
of the material coordinate system. If MCID = 0, it specifies the basic
coordinate system. If blank, Theta = 0.0 is used, (See comments 3
and 4).
Default is THETA = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS
Offset from the surface of grid points to the element reference plane.
See comment 7. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on the PSHELL entry.
Comments
1.
Element identification numbers should be unique with respect to all other element IDs.
2.
Grid points G1 through G8 must be numbered as shown here:
642

Altair Engineering
3.
The element coordinate system is a Cartesian system defined locally for each point ( ,
It is based on the following rules:

- The plane containing
and
-
and
is tangent to the surface of the element.
are obtained by doubly bisecting the lines of constant
increases in the general direction of increasing
Altair Engineering
).
and
of
and

643
4.
The orientation of the material coordinate system is defined locally at each interior
integration point by THETA, which is the angle from the line of constant (essentially the
same as the -axis) to the material x-direction (Xmaterial).
If MCID is used in place of THETA, then the local material x-direction (Xmaterial) is
obtained at any point in the element by projection of the x-axis of the prescribed MCID
coordinate system onto the surface of the element at this point. The local z-direction is
aligned with the normal to the surface and the material y-direction (Y material) is
constructed accordingly to produce right-handed local material system X-Y-Zmaterial.
644

Altair Engineering
Note that since

changes directions throughout the element based on element shape,
the material coordinate system varies similarly. Because of this, an orthotropic or
anisotropic material will cause the CQUAD8's stiffness to be biased by both its shape and
grid ordering. Use the CQUAD4 element if a constant material coordinate system direction
is desired with orthotropic and anisotropic materials.
5.
T1, T2, T3, and T4 are optional. If they are not supplied, then the element thickness will
be set equal to the value of T on the PSHELL entry. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the
thickness at that node is zero. If Tis are supplied, PID cannot reference PCOMP or
PCOMPP data. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for Size
optimization, then any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in
the design space for Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
6.
It is required that the midside grid points be located within the middle third of the edge;
that is the interval (0.25, 0.75) excluding the quarter points 0.25 and 0.75. If the edge
point is located at the quarter point, the program may fail with an error or the calculated
stresses will be meaningless.
7.
The shell reference plane can be offset from the plane defined by element nodes by
plane.
1. Real:
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645
2. Surface:
value.
Top:
coincident.
Bottom:
coincident.
646

Altair Engineering
Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass and geometric stiffness) and to
analysis and optimization in OptiStruct. Automatic offset control is available in composite
free-size and sizing optimization where the specified offset values are automatically
updated based on thickness changes.
However, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
8.
Stresses and strains are output in the local coordinate system identified by
above.
and
9.
Size optimization of the property referenced by PID is not possible if Ti values are defined
here. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored.
10. These 2nd order shell elements do not have normal rotational degrees-of-freedom (often
referred to as "drilling stiffness"). No mass is associated with these degrees-of-freedom.
If unconstrained, massless mechanisms may occur. It is therefore advisable to use
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES when working with these elements.
11. This card is represented as a quad8 element in HyperMesh.
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647
CQUADR
Bulk Data Entry
CQUADR Quadrilateral Element Connection
Description
CQUADR entry is equivalent to CQUAD4. Unlike other Nastran codes, a 6 degree-of-freedom
per node formulation is used for all shell elements.
Refer to the documentation for the CQUAD4 Bulk Data Entry.
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Altair Engineering
CROD
Bulk Data Entry
CROD Rod Element Connection
Description
Defines a tension-compression-torsion element (ROD) of the structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ROD
EID
PID
G1
G2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C ROD
12
13
21
23
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
PID
Identification number of a PROD property entry.

(Integer > 0; If blank defaults to EID)
G1,G2
Comments
1.
2.
Only one ROD element may be defined on a single entry.
3.
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649
CSEAM
Bulk Data Entry
CSEAM Seam Weld Element Connection
Description
Define a seam weld connecting two shell surfaces.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C SEAM
EID
PID
SMLN
C TYPE
IDAS
IDBS
IDAE
IDBE
GS
GE
Examples
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C SEAM
22
SEAM1
PSHELL
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C SEAM
22
ELEM
11
12
21
22
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C SEAM
EID
PID
SMLN
C TYPE
IDAS
IDBS
IDAE
IDBE
650

(10)
Altair Engineering
XS
YS
ZS
XE
YE
ZE
Alternate Format Examples
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C SEAM
22
SEAM1
PSHELL
0.3
0.4
0.25
0.6
0.4
0.25
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C SEAM
22
ELEM
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.25
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
11
12
21
22
0.4
0.25

PID
Identification number of a PSEAM entry.

SMLN
Identification of a seam line (See comment 2).

No default (Maximum eight characters)
CTYPE
Character string indicating how the connection is defined. Either format

connects up to 3 x 3 quadrilateral shell elements per patch (possibly more
for triangular elements).
For PSHELL type, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is
defined by specifying the property identification numbers.
For ELEM type, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is
defined by specifying element identification numbers.
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651
Field
Contents
IDAS,
IDBS
Used to define the two connecting patches or the start parts of patch A
and patch B.
If CTYPE="PSHELL", then IDAS and IDBS refer to the property identification
numbers of patch A and patch B.
If CTYPE="ELEM", then IDAS and IDBS refer to the element identification
numbers of patch A and B.
IDAE,
IDBE
Used to define the end parts of patch A and patch B.

If CTYPE="PSHELL", IDAE and IDBE could be zero. If they are not zero,
then IDAE and IDBE refer to the property identification numbers of the end
parts of patch A and patch B. They could be used to define a tailored
blank model.
If CTYPE="ELEM", IDAS and IDBS refer to the element identification
numbers of the end parts of patch A and B.
For PSHELL type, Integer >
GS
Identification number of a grid point which defines the start location of the
connector.
GE
Identification number of a grid point which defines the end location of the
connector.
XS, YS,
ZS
Coordinates of point that defines the start location (GS) of the seam weld
in the basic coordinate system.
(Real)
XE, YE,
ZE
Coordinates of point that defines the end location (GE) of the seam weld in
the basic coordinate system.
(Real)
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Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
CSEAM defines a flexible connection between two surface patches. With all of the
information provided, a fictitious 8-node CHEXA will be generated internally for a CSEAM,
and the eight corner nodes are all constrained by the grids of corresponding shell
elements. Then the element stiffness of this fictitious CHEXA will be transferred to the
corresponding shell grids. The CSEAM element itself does not hold any independent DOF.
See the figure below:
A CSEAM element connects Shell A and Shell B. A fictitious hexa is generated for the
CSEAM, and the corner nodes of the hexa are all constrained by corresponding shell grids.
To have a clear view, only one of this kind of constraint relationship is shown with dotted
lines.
2.
In the SMLN entry, a name can be given for the CSEAM element. If one CSEAM's GS or
GE is common to the GS or GE of the other CSEAM and they have the same SMLN, the
two CSEAM elements are regarded as neighbors. For two neighboring CSEAM elements,
the faces of the internally generated CHEXAs will be adjusted to form a single common
face.
A seam line does not have a branch with the same SMLN,
3.
The distance between GS and GE is the length of the element. The width of the seam
weld is defined in the PSEAM card as W. It is measured perpendicular to the length and
lies in the plane of Shell A or B.
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653
4.
Building the connectivity for CSEAM.

Since the geometry for finding the correct projection could be various and complicated,
many geometry related checks will be implemented in the following procedure. The
default projection algorithm and checking rules can be modified to some extent via
changing the default value defined in the SWLDPRM card.
To build the connectivity, at first, project GS on Shell A and B; the projection points are
denoted as SA and SB respectively. This is also true for GE, and the projection points are
denoted as EA and EB. SA, SB, EA and EB are also called piercing points. Meanwhile, the
shell elements supporting these piercing points are denoted as EIDSA, EIDSB, EIDEA and
EIDEB.
Take SA as an example. For ELEM type, the program will try to project GS on the user
specified element; if the piercing point falls inside the element, the program will accept it
and move to find the next piercing point. If the piercing point falls outside the element
but within the tolerance defined by PROJTOL in the SWLDPRM card, the program will still
accept it. Otherwise, an error will be issued for this CSEAM element, and the program
continues to process other CSEAM elements. For PSHELL type, the case could be much
more complicated. First, a bunch of shell elements which are the closest ones to GS and
have the user-specified shell property will be selected as candidates. Then project GS on
each of the candidates. If the piercing point falls inside one of the candidates, the
program will accept it and move to find the next one. After looping all the candidates, if
there is no appropriate one to support the piercing point, the tolerance defined by
PROJTOL will be used and all candidates will be searched again. At last, if still no element
is found to support the piercing point, an error will be issued for this CSEAM, and the
program continues to process other CSEAM elements. In this way, all the four piercing
points and elements supporting them are found, or an error is issued.
If GMCHK > 0 (be defined in the SWLDPRM card), various geometry checks will be
implemented at specific steps.
If GMCHK > 0 and GSPROJ > 0.0 (be defined in the SWLDPRM card), the program will
check the angle between the normal vectors of EIDSA and EIDSB, and the angle between
the normal vectors of EIDEA and EIDEB. If the angle is larger than GSPROJ, an error will
be issued for this CSEAM. If GSTOL > 0.0 (be defined in the SWLDPRM card) and one of
the lengths of GS-SA, GS-SB, GE-EA and GE-EB is larger than GSTOL, an error will be
issued. Besides these basic checks, a group of cutout and span checks will be performed
if GMCHK>0.
After the four piercing points are found, the auxiliary points will then need to be located
with the definition of the seam width. Take SA as an example, with the coordinates of
the piercing point, the supporting element EIDSA and the seam weld width W, you can
define the following vector n GS-GE where n is the normal vector of EIDSA. Through
SA, two points SA1 ' and SA2 ' can be defined along this vector and |SA1 '-SA2 '| = W. SA1 '
and SA2 ' are called the preliminary auxiliary points. For a curved or folded shell patch, the
preliminary points may not lie on the shell surface. Therefore, a second projection is
needed to find the final auxiliary points. Take SA1 ' as an example. First, a group of
candidate elements needs to be collected. They are composed of shell elements
surrounding EIDSA. SA1 ' will be projected on each of the candidates to find the best one
to support the projection point. If no element with the user specified shell property is
found with/without tolerance, elements with different shell property will be supplemented
to the candidate list. After projecting all the eight preliminary auxiliary points on the shell
654

Altair Engineering
surfaces, the number of good auxiliary points will be counted. If all of the eight auxiliary
points and corresponding shell elements are successfully located, the building of the
connectivity for this CSEAM succeeds. Otherwise, GSMOVE defined in the SWLDPRM card
will be implemented to avoid the failure if GSMOVE > 0.
When collecting candidate shell elements which will be used to support the auxiliary
points, the angle between the normal vector of the shell element and the thickness
direction of the fictitious CHEXA will be checked. If the angle is larger than GSPORJ, this
shell element will not be considered as a candidate. If EIDSA, EIDSB, EIDEA or EIDEB fails
the check, a warning message will be issued. For curved or folded shell surface, shell
elements on it have more chances to be eliminated from the candidate list, thus may
possibly induce the failure of locating all auxiliary points. One remedy to this problem is to
increase the value of GSPORJ to include more shell elements into the candidate list.
Various projection points generated in building the connectivity for a CSEAM element.
5.
When building the connectivity for CSEAM, if not all eight auxiliary points can be found
and GSMOVE > 0, GS or/and GE will be moved by W/2 and re-projected to avoid the
failure. This often happens near the mesh boundary.
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655
Both GS and GE are moved by W/2 to find correct projection.

6.
For PSHELL type CSEAM, when the GS or GE is close to a folded or curved part of a shell
surface, the program has more chances to fail in locating the correct element to support
the piercing points because of multiple possible choices. In this case, using ELEM type to
directly specify the elements for projection would be a wise alternative.
7.
Check whether the CSEAM spans a cutout or spans more than three shell elements on
each shell surface when GMCHK > 0.
Take EIDSA and EIDEA as an example.
If EIDSA = EIDEA, the seam lies on the same element on this surface. This case is
accepted.
EIDEA and they share at least one common grid, it is necessary to do some
checks.
(In the following check, an element called EIDMA is used to assist the check. EIDMA is
located on the same shell surface where EIDSA and EIDEA are located. It shares one of
the common grids shared by EIDSA and EIDEA. EIDMA could be multiple.)
a)If EIDSA and EIDEA share only one common grid but no EIDMA is found, then this case
is rejected.
656

Altair Engineering
This case is rejected.

b)If EIDSA and EIDEA share only one common grid and at least one EIDMA is found, the
number of free edges will be counted. The following cases are considered.
If there are three or more free edges (bold lines), this case is rejected.
Angle check.
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657
Projection check. M is the middle point of the two free edges' ends.
If there are two free edges, the angle () between the free edges will be calculated. If
the angle is larger than CNRAGLI (be defined in the SWLDPRM card), this case is
accepted. If the angle is smaller than CNRAGLI, then you project the mid-point M to
EIDSA, EIDEA and EIDMA, if the projection point falls inside, this case is still accepted. Or
it will be rejected.
If there is only one free edge, this case is accepted.
If there is no free edge, this case is accepted.
658

Altair Engineering
c)If EIDSA and EIDEA share two common grids, that means EIDSA and EIDEA share a
common edge. Before accepting this case, it is still necessary to check the angle or
project the middle point M.
Angle check.
Projection check. M is the middle point of the two free edges' ends.
Compare the angle () with CNRAGLO even EIDSA and EIDEA share an edge. If the angle
is larger than CNRAGLI, this case is accepted. If the angle is smaller than CNRAGLI, then
you project the mid-point M to EIDSA and EIDEA, if the projection point falls inside, this
case is still accepted. Or it will be rejected.
elements around them and check how these elements are connected with EIDSA and
EIDEA.
(In the following check, EIDMA is re-defined as an element which shares at least one grid
respectively with EIDSA and EIDEA)
a) If there is no EIDMA, this means the CSEAM element spans more than three elements
in the current shell surface, and this case is rejected.
Altair Engineering

659
This case is rejected.

b) If there are three EIDMA which share edges with both EIDSA and EIDEA, this case is
accepted.
This case is accepted.

c) If there are two EIDMA which share edges with both EIDSA and EIDEA, it is necessary
to check whether the two EIDMA share a common edge or not. If the two EIDMA do
not share a common edge, there is a cutout and this case is rejected.
660

Altair Engineering
If the two EIDMA do not share a common If the two EIDMA share a common edge, this
edge, there is a cutout and this case is case is accepted.
rejected.
Two different cases when there are two EIDMA who share edges with both EIDSA and
EIDEA.
d) If there is only one EIDMA which shares edges with both EIDSA and EIDEA. The check
presented in the following figure needs to be implemented.
Point M is the average of the two piercing points, that is SA and EA. If the projection
from point M on EIDMA falls inside this element, this case is accepted, or it will be
rejected.
e) If there is only one EIDMA which shares one edge with EIDSA and shares a corner with
EIDEA (or shares one corner with EIDSA and shares one edge with EIDEA), the same
check implemented for the last case will be adopted.
Altair Engineering

661
f) If the projection from point M on EIDMA falls inside this element, this case is accepted,
or it will be rejected.
g) If there are two EIDMA and each of them shares an edge with EIDSA or EIDEA and
shares a corner with EIDEA or EIDSA, this case is accepted.
This case is accepted.

h) If there is only EIDMA which shares only corners but no edge with EIDSA or EIDEA, this
case is rejected.
These two cases are rejected. For the one on the right, although there is no cutout on
the surface, but EIDMA is not fully constrained (only two corners are constrained) by the
CSEAM. Therefore, this case is still rejected.
For EIDSB and EIDEB, the same cutout/span check applies.
All the cutout/span checks introduced here still cannot cover 100% cases, but they can
spot most of the bad cases that will lead to unreal modeling of the seam weld. Thus, it is
recommended to turn on the cutout/span check (GMCHK > 0) to exam the seam weld
model in the first round. After all possible problems are resolved, then start the final run.
8.
662
Check whether the CSEAM spans a corner on each shell surface when GMCHK > 0.

Altair Engineering
Take EIDSA and EIDEA as an example. The angle between the normal vectors of the two
elements should not larger than the value of CNRAGLO (be defined in the SWLDPRM card)
as shown in the following figure. The same check applies to EIDSB and EIDEB. This
prevents generating single CSEAM element across a very curved shell configuration.
If > CNRAGLO, this CSEAM element is rejected.

9.
Diagnostic print outs, checkout runs and non-default setting of search and projection
parameters are requested on the SWLDPRM bulk data entry.
10. It is possible to visualize the fictitious CHEXA via setting SHOWAUX = 1 in the SWLDPRM
card. To have the fictitious CHEXA and corresponding results output into the H3D file,
one also needs to set SHOWAUX = 1.
11. It is recommended to start with default settings and turn on the full geometry check by
setting GMCHK=1 or 2. With the full geometry check, most of the unexpected cases
which may possibly induce unreasonable projections can be spotted. If the switch for
outputting diagnostic info, that is PRTSW, is turned on, the connectivity detail of each
CSEAM element will be printed in the .out file. Also, a summary of various geometry data
will be printed after all CSEAM elements are gone through by the program. They will be
very useful for debugging the seam weld model.
12. Seam weld elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
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663
CSEC2
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC2 1D Section Element
Description
Defines a two-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C SEC 2
EID
PID
G1
G2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C SEC 2
71
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PSEC section property entry.

G#
Identification number of GRIDS section grid points.

Comments
1.
Element identification numbers within a section definition must be unique with respect to
all other element identification numbers within the same section definition.
2.
This entry is only valid when it appears between the BEGIN and END statements.
664

Altair Engineering
CSEC3
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC3 Triangular Section Element
Description
Defines a 1st order three-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam crosssections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C SEC 3
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C SEC 3
10
100
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID

G#

Comments
1.
2.
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665
CSEC4
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC4 Quadrilateral Section Element
Description
Defines a 1st order four-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C SEC 4
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C SEC 4
10
100
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID

G#

Comments
1.
2.
666

Altair Engineering
CSEC6
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC6 Curved Triangular Section Element
Description
Defines a planar, 2nd order, six-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam crosssections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C SEC 6
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C SEC 6
10
100
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID

G#

Comments
1.
Altair Engineering

667
2.
3.
668

Altair Engineering
CSEC8
Bulk Data Entry
CSEC8 Curved Quadrilateral Section Element
Description
Defines a planar 2nd order eight-noded element used in the definition of arbitrary beam crosssections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C SEC 8
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C SEC 8
10
100
13
14
15
16
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID

G#

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669
Comments
1.
2.
3.
670

Altair Engineering
CSET
Bulk Data Entry
CSET Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
CSET entry is equivalent to BNDFREE.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFREE Bulk Data Entry.
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671
CSET1
Bulk Data Entry
CSET1 Boundary Degrees-of-Freedom of a Superelement Assembly
Description
CSET1 entry is equivalent to BNDFRE1.
Refer to the documentation for the BNDFRE1 Bulk Data Entry.
672

Altair Engineering
CSHEAR
Bulk Data Entry
CSHEAR Shear Panel Element Connection
Description
Defines a shear panel element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C SHEAR
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C SHEAR
111
67
89
123
124
56
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
PID
Identification number of a PSHEAR property entry.

(Integer > 0; If blank, defaults to EID)
G1, G2, G3, G4 Grid point identification numbers of connection points.

(Integer > 0; all unique)
Comments
1.
Altair Engineering

673
2.
Grid points G1 through G4 must be ordered consecutively around the perimeter of the
element.
3.
All interior angles must be less than 180 degrees.
C SHEAR definition
C SHEAR Element C orner Forces and Shear Flows
4.
Shear panel elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
5.
This card is represented as a quad4 element in HyperMesh.
674

Altair Engineering
CTAXI
Bulk Data Entry
CTAXI Axisymmetric Triangular Element Connection
Description
Defines an axisymmetric triangular cross-section ring element for use in linear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TAXI
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
(10)
Theta
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TAXI
111
31
74
75
32
51
52
(10)
15.0
Field
Contents
EID

PID
Identification number of a PAXI entry.

G1,G3,G5
Identification numbers of connected corner grid points. Cannot be

omitted.
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675
Field
Contents
G2,G4,G6
Identification numbers of connected edge grid points. Cannot be

omitted.
Theta

Comments
1.
2.
All the grid points must be located in the x-z plane of the basic coordinate system with x
= r > 0, and ordered consecutively starting at a corner grid point and proceeding around
the perimeter in either direction.
Corner grid points G1, G3 and G5 must be present. The edge points G2, G4 and G6 are
optional. If any of the edge points are present, they all must be used.
C TAXI definition
676

Altair Engineering
3.
The continuation is optional.
4.
If the PAXI entry referenced in field 3 references a MAT3 entry, material properties and
stresses are always given in the (xm, zm) coordinate system shown in the figure above.
5.
A concentrated load (for example, the load specified on a FORCE entry) at a grid Gi of this
element denotes that applied onto the circumference with radius of Gi. For example, in
order to apply a load of 200N/m on the circumference at Gi which is located at a radius of
0.4m, the magnitude of the load specified on the static load entry must be:
(200 N/m) * 2
* (0.4m) = 502.655N
6.
CTAXI and CTRIAX6 elements cannot be used simultaneously in an input model.
7.
This card is represented as an element in HyperMesh.
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677
CTETRA
Bulk Data Entry
CTETRA Four-sided Solid Element with four or ten grid points
Description
Defines the connections of the CTETRA element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TETRA
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
G10
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C TETRA
112
15
14
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID

G#
Identification numbers of connected grid points.

Comments
1.
678
Element ID numbers must be unique with respect to all other element ID numbers.

Altair Engineering
2.
The grid points G1, G2, G3, and G4 must describe the vertices and the remaining grid
points describe mid side nodes in the order shown here:
The edge points G5 to G10 are optional. All or none of the edge points can be specified.
It is recommended that the edge points be located within the middle third of the edge.
C TETRA definition
3.
If the user-prescribed node numbering on the bottom face is reversed as compared to the
sequence shown above, then the nodes are renumbered to produce right-handed
orientation of numbering. This is accomplished by swapping node G2 with G3. For 10noded CTETRA, appropriate changes to mid-side node numbering are also performed. In
such cases, the element coordinate system will be built on the renumbered node
sequence.
4.
5.
The element coordinate system for the CTETRA element is defined as follows:
R
Joins the midpoints of the edges from G1 to G4 and G2 to G3
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679
C TETRA element coordinate system
The origin of the element coordinate system is located at G1.

6.
680
This card is represented as a tetra4 or tetra10 element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
CTRIA3
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIA3 Triangular Element Connection
Description
Defines a triangular plate element (TRIA3) of the structural model. This element uses a 6
degree-of-freedom per node formulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TRIA3
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
Theta
or
MC ID
ZOFFS
T1
T2
T3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
C TRIA3
111
203
31
74
75
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP, PCOMPP or PHFSHL property

entry.
G1,G2,G3

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681
Field
Contents
Theta

MCID

coordinate system is projected onto the element to define the x-axis of
the material coordinate system. If MCID = 0, it specifies the basic
coordinate system. MCID must be an integer > 0. If blank, Theta = 0.0 is
used (See comments 2, 3, and 4).
Default is Theta = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS
Offset from the plane defined by element grid points to the shell reference
plane. See comment 8. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on the PSHELL
entry.
Ti
Thickness of the element at the grid points. Overrides the thickness

specified on the PSHELL entry. If Ti is specified, the average of all three
thicknesses is used as the element thickness.
For defaults: see comments 5 and 7.
Comments
1.
2.
The x-axis of the element coordinate system is aligned with side 1-2 of the shell element.
3.
For H3D and OUTPUT2 output formats, stresses and strains are always output in the
elemental system.
4.
For HM, PUNCH, and OPTI output formats, stresses and strains are output by default in
the material coordinate system. PARAM,OMID can be set to NO to output results in the
elemental system. For elements with blank Theta/MCID, the material coordinate system is
aligned with elemental coordinate system. For elements with prescribed THETA, the
material x-axis is rotated from side G1-G2 by angle THETA. For elements with prescribed
MCID, the material system is constructed by projecting the prescribed MCID onto the
plane of the element.
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Altair Engineering
Orientation when Theta (real value) is entered in 8th field
Orientation when MC ID (integer value) is entered in 8th field
5.
If any of the Ti fields are blank, the thickness specified on the PSHELL data will be used
for that nodes thickness. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the thickness at that node is
zero.
6.
If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size or size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in the design
space for Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
7.
If Ti is present, the PID cannot reference PCOMP or PCOMPP data.
8.
plane.
1. Real:
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683
2. Surface:
value.
Top:
coincident.
Bottom:
coincident.
684

Altair Engineering
Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass, and geometric stiffness), and to
analysis and optimization. Note, however, that for first order shell elements (CQUAD4 and
CTRIA3), the offset operation does not correct for secondary effects, such as change of
shell area when offset is applied on curved surfaces. Hence, the value of ZOFFS should
be kept within a reasonable percentage (10% - 15%) of the local radius of curvature.
Moreover, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
9.
PHFSHL properties are only valid with an @HYPERFORM statement in the first line of the
input file.
10. This card is represented as a tria3 element in HyperMesh.
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685
CTRIA6
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIA6 Curved Triangular Shell Element Connection
Description
Defines a curved triangular shell element with six grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TRIA6
EID
PID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
THETA
or
MC ID
ZOFFS
T1
T2
T3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TRIA6
302
31
33
71
32
51
52
45
.03
.020
.025
.025
Field
Contents
EID
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PSHELL, PCOMP or PCOMPP entry.

G1,G2,G3
Grid point identification numbers of connected corner points.

686

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
G4,G5,G6
Grid point identification number of connected edge points. Cannot be

omitted.
THETA

MCID

material coordinate system is determined by projecting the x-axis of
the MCID coordinate system (defined by the CORDij entry or zero for
the basic coordinate system) onto the surface of the element.
Default is THETA = 0.0 (Integer > 0)
ZOFFS
Offset from the surface of grid points to the element reference plane;
see Comment 7. Overrides the ZOFFS specified on the PSHELL entry.
Ti
Membrane thickness of element at grid points G1 through G3. The

thickness of the element with Ti specified will be constant and equal to
an average of T1, T2, and T3.
For defaults: see comment 5.
Comments
1.
Element identification numbers should be unique with respect to all other element IDs.
2.
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687
3.
The element coordinate system is a Cartesian system defined locally for each point ( ,
).
It is based on the following rules:

-
The plane containing
and
is tangent to the surface of the element.
is tangent to the line of constant
increases in the general direction of increasing
688
.
and

of
Altair Engineering
4.
The orientation of the material coordinate system is defined locally at each interior
integration point by THETA, which is the angle from the line of constant
(essentially the
same as the -axis) to the material x-direction (Xmaterial).
If MCID is used in place of THETA, then the local material x-direction (Xmaterial) is
obtained at any point in the element by projection of the x-axis of the prescribed MCID
coordinate system onto the surface of the element at this point. The local z-direction is
aligned with the normal to the surface and the material y-direction (Y material) is
constructed accordingly to produce right-handed local material system X-Y-Zmaterial.
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689
5.
T1, T2, and T3 are optional. If they are not supplied, then the element thickness will be
set equal to the value of T on the PSHELL entry. If 0.0 is specified for Ti, then the
thickness at that node is zero. If Ti is supplied, PID cannot reference PCOMP or PCOMPP
data. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for Size optimization, then
any Ti values defined here are ignored. If you input Ti for elements in the design space for
Topology or Free-Size optimization, the run will error out.
6.
It is required that the midside grid points be located within the middle third of the edge.
That is the interval (0.25, 0.75) excluding the quarter points 0.25 and 0.75. If the edge
point is located at the quarter point, the program may fail with an error or the calculated
stresses will be meaningless.
7.
plane.
1. Real:
2. Surface:
value.
690

Altair Engineering
Top:
coincident.
Bottom:
coincident.
Offset is applied to all element matrices (stiffness, mass and geometric stiffness) and to
analysis and optimization. Automatic offset control is available in composite free-size and
sizing optimization where the specified offset values are automatically updated based on
thickness changes.
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691
However, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and hence can be
8.
Stresses and strains are output in the local coordinate system identified by
above.
and
9.
Size optimization of the property referenced by PID is not possible if Ti values are defined
here. If the property referenced by PID is selected as a region for free-size optimization,
then any Ti values defined here are ignored.
10. These 2nd order shell elements do not have normal rotational degrees-of-freedom (often
referred to as "drilling stiffness"). No mass is associated with these degrees-of-freedom.
If unconstrained, massless mechanisms may occur. It is therefore advisable to use
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES when working with these elements.
11. This card is represented as a tria6 element in HyperMesh.
692

Altair Engineering
CTRIAR
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIAR Triangular Element Connection
Description
CTRIAR entry is equivalent to CTRIA3. Unlike other Nastran codes, a 6 degrees-of-freedom
per node formulation is used for all shell elements.
Refer to the documentation for the CTRIA3 Bulk Data Entry.
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693
CTRIAX6
Bulk Data Entry
CTRIAX6 Axisymmetric Triangular Element Connection
Description
Defines an axisymmetric triangular cross-section ring element for use in linear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TRIAX6
EID
MID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
(10)
Theta
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C TRIAX6
111
203
31
74
75
32
51
52
(10)
15.0
Field
Contents
EID

MID
Identification number of a MAT1 or MAT3 entry.

G1,G3,G5
Identification numbers of connected corner grid points. Cannot be

omitted.
694

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
G2,G4,G6
Identification numbers of connected edge grid points. Cannot be

omitted.
Theta

Comments
1.
2.
All the grid points must be located in the x-z plane of the basic coordinate system with x
= r > 0, and ordered consecutively starting at a corner grid point and proceeding around
the perimeter in either direction.
Corner grid points G1, G3 and G5 must be present. The edge points G2, G4 and G6 are
optional. If any of the edge points are present, they all must be used.
C TRIAX6 definition
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695
3.
The continuation is optional.
4.
If MID is defined on a MAT3 entry, material properties and stresses are always given in
the (xm, zm) coordinate system shown in the figure above.
5.
A concentrated load (for example, the load specified on a FORCE entry) at a grid Gi of this
element denotes that applied onto the circumference with radius of Gi. For example, in
order to apply a load of 200N/m on the circumference at Gi which is located at a radius of
0.4m, the magnitude of the load specified on the static load entry must be:
(200 N/m) * 2
* (0.4m) = 502.655N
6.
CTRIAX6 and CTAXI elements cannot be used simultaneously in an input model.
7.
This card is represented as an element in HyperMesh.
696

Altair Engineering
CTUBE
Bulk Data Entry
CTUBE Tube Element Connection
Description
Defines a tension-compression-torsion element (TUBE) of the structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C TUBE
EID
PID
G1
G2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C TUBE
12
13
21
23
Field
Contents
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
PID
Identification number of a PTUBE property entry.

(Default = EID, Integer > 0)
G1,G2
Comments
1.
2.
Only one TUBE element may be defined on a single entry.
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697
3.
CTUBE data is converted to CROD data as it is read. PTUBE data is converted into PROD
data.
4.
698

Altair Engineering
CVISC
Bulk Data Entry
CVISC Viscous Damper Connection
Description
Defines a viscous damper element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C VISC
EID
PID
G1
G2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C VISC
64
12
63
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PID
Identification number of a PVISC entry.

G1, G2
Geometric grid point identification numbers of connection points.

Comments
1.
2.
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699
3.
Only one viscous damper element may be defined on a single entry.
4.
Viscous damper elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
5.
700

Altair Engineering
CWELD
Bulk Data Entry
CWELD Weld or Fastener Element Connection
Description
Defines a weld or fastener connecting two surface patches or points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C WELD
EWID
PWID
GS
TYP
GA
GB
SPTYP
GA1/SHIDA
GA2/
SHIDB
GA3
GA4
GA5
GA6
GA7
GA8
GB1
GB2
GB3
GB4
GB5
GB6
GB7
GB8
(7)
(8)
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C WELD
34
233
GRIDID
55
56
21
22
101
102
378
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C WELD
34
233
ELEMID
15
16
(6)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
QT
Example 2
Altair Engineering
(6)
(7)
(8)

701
Example 3
(1)
(2)
(3)
C WELD
34
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
ALIGN
103
259
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Formats of CWELD Card PARTPAT/ELPAT

The alternative formats of CWELD listed below are useful in cases when the weld diameter
extends beyond a single shell element. These options connect up to 3x3 shell elements per
patch (possibly more for triangular elements) on each side of weld element.
Format (Alternate)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C WELD
EWID
PWID
GS
PATC HTYP
GA
GB
PIDA/
SHIDA
PIDB/
SHIDB
XS
YS
(8)
(9)
(10)
ZS
Example 1 (Alternate)
(1)
(2)
(3)
C WELD
10
20
33
34
5.0
5.0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PARTPAT
0.0
Example 2 (Alternate)
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Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
C WELD
10
20
345
ELPAT
1034
2035
(6)
Field
Contents
EWID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PWID
Identification number of a PWELD entry.

Default = EWID (Integer > 0)
GS
Identification number of a grid point which defines the location of the

connector. Required when TYP is GRIDID or ELEMID and GA and GB
are unspecified (See comments 2 and 4).
TYP
Character string indicating how the connection is defined.

GRIDID indicates that the connection is defined with grid
identification numbers GA# and GB#, respectively (See comment 3).
ELEMID indicates that the connection is defined with shell element
identification numbers SHIDA and SHIDB (See comment 7).
ALIGN indicates that the connection is defined between two shell
vertex grid points (See comment 8).
No default (GRIDID, ELEMID or ALIGN)
GA, GB
When TYP is GRIDID or ELEMID, these represent grid identification

numbers of piercing points on surface A and surface B respectively
(See comment 4).
When TYPE is ALIGN, these represent vertex grid identification
numbers of the first and second shells respectively.
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703
Field
Contents
SPTYP
String indicating types of surface patches A and B. Q indicates

quadrilateral surface patch, and T indicates triangular surface patch.
Required when TYP is GRIDID (See comment 5).
No default (QQ, TT, QT, TQ, Q or T)
GA#
Grid identification numbers of the first surface patch. GA1 to GA3 are
required (See comment 6).
GB#
Grid identification numbers of the second surface patch (See

comment 6).
PATCHTYP
The type of connection between the patches. Either format

connects up to 3x3 elements per patch (possibly more for triangular
elements). See comment 12.
For PARTPAT, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is
defined by specifying the property numbers of shells on side A and B,
PIDA and PIDB, respectively.
For ELPAT, the connection of surface patch to surface patch is
defined by specifying IDs of shells SHIDA and SHIDB, respectively.
PIDA,PIDB
Property identification numbers of PSHELL entries defining surface A

and B, respectively. Required for PARTPAT.
SHIDA, SHIDB
Element identification numbers of shells defining weld ends A and B,

respectively. Required for ELPAT.
XS, YS, ZS
Coordinates of point that defines the location of the weld in the basic
coordinate system. It is an alternate way of specifying the location
of GS. Available with PARTPAT/ELPAT options only.
Real
Comments
1.
704
CWELD defines a flexible connection between two surface patches, between a point and
a surface patch, or between two shell vertex grid points. See figure below:

Altair Engineering
C onnection between two surface patches
C onnection between a point and a surface patch
Altair Engineering

705
C onnection between two shell vertex grid points
2.
GS is ignored if TYP is ALIGN.
3.
If TYP is GRIDID, either a point to patch (GS to GA#) or a patch to patch (GA# to GB#)
connection is defined. For the patch to patch connection, GA# describes the first
surface patch and GB# describes the second surface patch.
4.
The input of the piercing points GA and GB is optional when TYP is GRIDID and ELEMID. If
GA or GB are not specified, they are generated from the normal projection of GS onto the
surface patches. If GA and/or GB are specified, they take precedence over GS in defining
the respective end points. Also, their locations will be corrected so that they lie on
surface patch A and B, respectively. If GS is not specified, both GA and GB are required.
The length of the connector is the distance from GA to GB.
5.
SPTYP defines the type of surface patches to be connected. SPTYP is required when TYP
is GRIDID to identify quadrilateral or triangular patches. Allowable combinations are:
706
SPTYP
Description
QQ
Connects a quadrilateral surface patch A (QUAD4 or QUAD8) with a

quadrilateral surface patch B (QUAD4 or QUAD8).
QT
Connects a quadrilateral surface patch A (QUAD4 or QUAD8) with a

triangular surface patch B (TRIA3 or TRIA6).
TT
Connects a triangular surface patch A (TRIA3 or TRIA6) with a

triangular surface patch B (TRIA3 or TRIA6).
TQ
Connects a triangular surface patch A (TRIA3 or TRIA6) with a

quadrilateral surface patch B (QUAD4 or QUAD8).
Connects a grid point GB (or GS if GB not provided) with a quadrilateral

surface patch A (QUAD4 or QUAD8). Surface patch B should not be
specified.

Altair Engineering
6.
SPTYP
Description
Connects a grid point GB (or GS if GB not provided) with a triangular

surface patch A (TRIA3 or TRIA6). Surface patch B should not be
specified.
GA# are required when TYP is GRIDID. At least 3, and at most 8, grid IDs may be
specified for GA#. Triangular and quadrilateral element definition sequences apply for the
order of GA# and GB#, see below. Missing mid-side nodes are allowed.
Quadrilateral and Triangular Surface Patches as defined when TYP is GRIDID
7.
When TYP is ELEMID, a point to patch connection is defined, GS to SHIDA or a patch to

patch connection, SHIDA to SHIDB. SHIDA and SHIDB must be valid shell element
8.
When TYP is ALIGN, a point to point connection is defined. GA and GB are required. GA
and GB are not required when TYP is GRIDID or ELEMID.
9.
Forces and moments are output in the element coordinate system (shown in comment 10
below).
The element x-axis points from GA to GB. The element y-axis lies on the plane created by
the element x-axis and the smallest component of the element x-axis is the basic
coordinate system, and is orthogonal to the element x-axis. The element z-axis is the
cross-product of the element x-axis and the element y-axis.
10. The output format of the forces and moments, including the sign convention, is identical
to the CBAR element.
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707
Element coordinate system and sign convention of element forces
11. Diagnostic print outs, checkout runs and non-default setting of search and projection
parameters are requested on the SWLDPRM bulk data entry. It is recommended to start
with default settings.
12. The formats PARTPAT and ELPAT connect shell element patches on side A and B. The
patches are identified by specifying SHIDA and SHIDB (for ELPAT connection) and by
specifying property IDs PIDA and PIDB for PARTPAT connection (wherein SHIDA and SHIDB
are found by appropriate search of best projections of GS (or GA) onto the surfaces A
and B, respectivel)y. The piercing points GA and GB are found by appropriate projections
onto SHIDA and SHIDB. Then the axis GA-GB is used to define four pairs of auxiliary
points GAHi, GBHi, i=1,4 that are located on patches A and B, respectively. The crosssection area of the resulting hexahedral is equivalent to the area of the weld. The weld
stiffness matrix is first built using the auxiliary points and then constrained to supporting
shell nodes using respective shape functions.
708

Altair Engineering
13. Fastener elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

14. This card is represented as a rod element in HyperMesh.
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709
DAREA
Bulk Data Entry
DAREA Dynamic Load Scale Factor
Description
Defines scale (area) factors for dynamic loads. DAREA is used in conjunction with RLOAD1,
RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DAREA
SID
P1
C1
A1
P2
C2
A2
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DAREA
64
5.7
65
5.7
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number.
(9)
(10)

P1, P2#
Grid or scalar point identification number.

C1, C2#
Component number.
No default (Integer 1 through 6, or 0 for scalar points)
A1, A2#
Scale (area) factor.

No default (Real)
710

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
One or two scale factors may be defined on a single entry.
2.
Refer to RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, or TLOAD2 entries for the formula that define the
scale factor A#.
3.
Component numbers refer to the displacement coordinate system.
4.
5.
Altair Engineering

711
DCOMP
Bulk Data Entry
DCOMP Manufacturing Constraints for Composite Sizing Optimization
Description
Defines manufacturing constraints for composite sizing optimization.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DC OMP
ID
ETYPE
EID1
EID2
EID3
EID4
EID5
EID6
EID7
+
+
LAMTHK
LTMIN
LTMAX
LTSET
LTEXC
PLYTHK
PTGRP
PTMIN
PTMAX
PTOPT
PTSET
PTEXC
PLYPC T
PPGRP
PPMIN
PPMAX
PPOPT
PPSET
PPEXC
BALANC E
BGRP1
BGRP2
BOPT
C ONST
C GRP
C THIC K
C OPT
PLYDRP
PDGRIP
PDTYP
PDSET
PDEXC
PDMAX
Field
Contents
ID
Unique identification number.
PDOPT
(10)

ETYPE
Entity type for which this DCOMP card is defined.

No default (PCOMP or STACK)
EID#
Entity identification numbers. List of entities of type ETYPE for which this
DCOMP card is defined.
LAMTHK
712
LAMTHK flag indicating that laminate thickness constraints are applied.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Multiple LAMTHK constraints are allowed.
LTMIN
Minimum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0)
LTMAX
Maximum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > LTMIN)
LTSET
Set ID of elements to which the LAMTHK constraint is applied.
LTEXC
Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the LAMTHK
constraint. The following options are supported:
NONE: Plies are not excluded.
CORE: The core is excluded. (Default)
CONST: Plies defined in the CONST constraint are excluded.
BOTH: CORE and CONST are considered.
PLYTHK
PLYTHK flag indicating that ply thickness constraints are applied. Multiple
PLYTHK constraints are allowed.
PTGRP
Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the PLYTHK
constraint is applied, depending on the PTOPT selection.
No default (Real or Integer)
PTMIN
Minimum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.

PTMAX
Maximum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > PTMIN)
PTOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYTHK constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:
BYANG: Orientation (Default)
BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PTSET
Set ID of elements to which the PLYTHK constraint is applied.
PTEXC
Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the PLYTHK
Altair Engineering

713
Field
Contents
PLYPCT
PLYPCT flag indicating that ply thickness percentage constraints are applied.
Multiple PLYPCT constraints are allowed.
PPGRP
Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the PLYPCT
constraint is applied, depending on the PPOPT selection.
PPMIN
Minimum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and < 1.0)
PPMAX
Maximum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0, < 1.0 and > PPMIN)
PPOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYPCT constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:
BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PPSET
Set ID of elements to which the PLYPCT constraint is applied.
PPEXC
Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the PLYPCT
BALANCE
BALANCE flag indicating that a balancing constraint is applied. Multiple

BALANCE constraints are allowed.
BGRP1
First ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the BALANCE
constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT selection.
BGRP2
Second ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the BALANCE
constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT selection.
714

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
BOPT
Ply selection options for the BALANCE constraint. Plies can be selected
based on the following:
BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
CONST
CONST flag indicating that a constant thickness constraint is applied.

Multiple CONST constraints are allowed.
CGRP
Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the CONST constraint
is applied, depending on the COPT selection.
CTHICK
Constant ply thickness for the CONST constraint.

COPT
Ply selection options for the CONST constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:
BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PLYDRP
Indicates that ply drop-off constraints are applied. Multiple PLYDRP

constraints are allowed.
PDGRIP
Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the PLYDRP
constraint is applied, depending on the PDOPT selection.
No default. (Real or Integer)
PDTYP
Specifies the type of the drop-off constraint as: TOTDRP (see comment 5).
PDMAX
Maximum allowed drop-off for the PLYDRP constraint.

No default (Real > 0)
PDOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYDRP constraint. Plies can be selected based
on the following:
BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PDSET
Set IDs of elements to which the PLYDRP constraint is applied.
Altair Engineering

715
Field
Contents
PDEXC
Exclusion flag indicates certain plies are excluded from the PLYDRP
CORE: The core is excluded. (Default).
Comments
1.
The following manufacturing constraints are available for ply-based composite sizing
optimization:
Lower and upper bounds on the total thickness of the laminate (LAMTHK)
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness of a given orientation (PLYTHK)
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness percentage of a given orientation (PLYPCT)
Manufacturable ply thickness (PLYMAN)
Linking between the thicknesses of two given orientations (BALANCE)
Constant (non-designable) thickness of a given orientation (CONST)
LAMTHK, PLYTHK and PLYPCT can be applied locally to sets of elements. There can be
elements that do not belong to any set.
2.
These constraints are automatically created after performing free-sizing optimization

when the OUTPUT,FSTOSZ control card is activated.
3.
For a more detailed description and an example, refer to the Users Guide section,
Optimization of Composite Structures.
4.
Older versions of the DCOMP card (OptiStruct version 11.0 and prior) are supported and
handled appropriately.
5.
The option for selecting the type of drop-off constraints for PDTYP is defined for a set of
plies, as shown in the figure below:
The option for PDTYP in DCOMP is: TOTDRP.
716

Altair Engineering
Assuming that the plies are stacked as shown above, you have the following definition:
6.
This card is represented as an optimization designvariable in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

717
DCONADD
Bulk Data Entry
DCONADD Design Constraint Addition
Description
Creates a combination of several DCONSTR sets that can be referenced by a subcase.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DC ONADD
DC ID
DC 1
DC 2
DC 3
DC 4
DC 5
DC 6
DC 7
DC 8
etc.
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DC ONADD
101
10
20
30
Field
Contents
DCID
DCONADD identification number.
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
DCi
DCONSTR identification number.

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
The DCONADD entry is selected by a DESSUB or DESGLB in the Subcase Information

section.
2.
All DCi must be unique.
3.
All DCID must be unique with respect to all Dci (DCONSTR IDs).
4.
This card is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.
718

Altair Engineering
DCONSTR
Bulk Data Entry
DCONSTR Design Constraints
Description
Defines design constraint upper and lower bounds where response is defined by DRESP1,
DRESP2, and DRESP3 cards.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DC ONSTR
DC ID
RID
LBOUND/
LTID
UBOUND/
UTID
LFREQ
UFREQ
PROB
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DC ONSTR
0.5
10.0
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DRESP1
TOPN
DISP
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
DCID
Design constraint identification number.
(9)
(10)
4668
(Integer > 0)
RID
DRESP1, DRESP2, or DRESP3 identification number.

(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

719
Field
Contents
LBOUND/LTID
Lower bound on response or table identification number of a TABLEDi

entry that specifies the lower bound as function of a loading
frequency.
(Real, Integer, or blank)
UBOUND/UTID
Upper bound on response or table identification number of a TABLEDi

entry that specifies the upper bound as function of a loading
frequency.
(Real, Integer, or blank)
LFREQ
Lower bound on a loading frequency range.

Default = 0.0 (Real > 0.0)
UFREQ
Upper bound on a loading frequency range.

Default = 1.0E+20 (Real > LFREQ)
PROB
Probability value for Reliability based Design Optimization runs.

(50.0 < Real < 100.0)
Comments
1.
The DCONSTR DCID is selected in the Subcase Information section by the DESSUB or
DESGLB cards and/or referenced by the DCONADD card.
2.
For any DCID, the associated RID can be referenced only once.
3.
If LBOUND or UBOUND are blank, no constraint will be generated for the bound.
4.
Constraint bounds of zero should be avoided. Unnecessary bounds should be left blank.
For example, lower bounds on von Mises stress should be blank, not zero. If a bound of
zero is input, the bound will be changed to 1.0E-7 for lower bounds and 1.0E-7 for upper
bounds. This will remove numerical difficulties and cause the constraints to be ignored
unless the response is actually very near zero.
5.
LFREQ, UFREQ apply only to response types related to a frequency response subcase
(DRESPi, RTYPE = FRDISP, FRVELO, FRACCL, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, and FRERP). The
constraint bounds LBOUND and UBOUND are applied only if the loading frequency falls
between LFREQ and UFREQ. If ATTB of DRESP1 specifies a frequency value, LFREQ and
UFREQ are ignored.
6.
LTID, UTID identify a loading frequency dependent tabular input using TABLEDi. They are
applied analogous to LFREQ, UFREQ detailed in comment 5.
7.
This card is represented as an optimizationconstraint in HyperMesh.
720

Altair Engineering
DDVAL
Bulk Data Entry
DDVAL Discrete Design Variable Values
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define real, discrete design variable values for discrete
variable optimization or to define relative rotor spin rates in rotor dynamics.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DDVAL
ID
DVAL1
DVAL2
DVAL3
DVAL4
DVAL5
DVAL6
DVAL7
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DDVAL
ID
DVAL1
"THRU"
DVAL
"BY"
INC
(10)
The continuation entry formats (shown below) may be used more than once, and in any order.
They may also be used with either format above.
Continuation Entry Format 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DVAL8
DVAL9
DVAL10
DVAL11
-etc.-
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Continuation Entry Format 2

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DVAL8
"THRU"
DVAL9
"BY"
INC
Example
Altair Engineering

721
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DDVAL
110
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.6
0.4
.7
thru
1.0
by
0.05
1.5
20
Field
Contents
ID
Unique discrete value set identification number.
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
DVALi
Discrete values.
(Real or "THRU" or "BY")
INC
Discrete value increment.

(Real)
Comments
1.
DDVAL entries must be referenced by

a) The DDVAL field of a DESVAR bulk data entry.
b) The SPTID field of a RSPINR bulk data entry.
2.
Trailing fields on a DDVAL record can be left blank if the next record is of type DVALi
"THRU" DVALj "BY" INC. Also, fields 7 though 9 must be blank when the type DVALi "THRU"
DVALj "BY" INC is used in fields 2 through 6. Fields 8 through 9 must be blank when the
type DVALi "THRU" DVALj "BY" INC is used in fields 3 through 7 for the first record.
Embedded blanks are not permitted in other cases.
3.
The DVALi sequence can be random.
4.
The format DVALi "THRU" DVALj "BY" INC defines a list of discrete values, for example,
DVALi, DVALi+INC, DVALi+2.0*INC, , DVALj. The last discrete DVALj is always included,
even if the range is not evenly divisible by INC.
5.
This card is represented as a discretedesignvariable in HyperMesh.
722

Altair Engineering
DEFORM
Bulk Data Entry
DEFORM Static Element Deformation
Description
Defines enforced axial deformation for one-dimensional elements for use in statics problems.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DEFORM
SID
EID1
D1
EID2
D2
EID3
D3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DEFORM
21
157
-0.2
111
1.4
(7)
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of a deformation set.
(8)
(9)
(10)

EID#
Element Identification Number. See comment 1.

D#
Deformation. (Positive value represents elongation).

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
Only CBAR, CBEAM, CROD, CONROD, and CTUBE elements are valid.
2.
To be used in an analysis, deformation sets must be referenced by a DEFORM Subcase

Information entry.
Altair Engineering

723
3.
DEFORM does not enforce an actual extension of the length of the element; it applies an
internal strain within the element, which produces the specified extension if the element is
free to expand (similar to the effect of thermal expansion).
Since most elements in an FEA model are not free to expand, the specified extension
value may not be achieved because elastic compression of the element will partially or
completely offset the effect of the prescribed strain. To precisely enforce a prescribed
increase in length, MPC equations are more appropriate. Alternatively, giving the DEFORM
element a very high axial stiffness can approximate such conditions.
724

Altair Engineering
DELAY
Bulk Data Entry
DELAY Dynamic Load Time Delay
Description
Defines the time delay term in the equations of the dynamic loading function. DELAY is
used in conjunction with RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, and TLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DELAY
SID
P1
C1
T1
P2
C2
T2
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DELAY
64
5.7
65
5.7
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

P1, P2

C1, C2
Component number.
No default (Integer 1 through 6, or 0 for scalar points)
T1, T2
time delay term, , for designated point and component.

No default (Real)
Altair Engineering

725
Comments
1.
One or two dynamic load time delays may be defined on a single entry.
2.
SID must also be specified on a RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, or TLOAD2 entry. See those
entry descriptions for the formulae that define the manner in which the time delay term,
, is used.
3.
A DAREA entry should be used to define a load at P# and C#.
4.
5.
726

Altair Engineering
DEQATN
Bulk Data Entry
DEQATN Design Equation Definition
Description
Specifies one or more equations for use in optimization.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
DEQATN
EQUID
(4)
EQN1;
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
EQN2;
EQNn-1;
(9)
(10)
EQN3;
EQNn
Example 1
DEQATN
y(x1, x2) = x1 + x2**-3.0*(2-1)+5.0;
z = -y*1.3E-2
Example 2
DEQATN
104
z(x1, x2) = min(sin(x1), x2);

y = max(0.3, -2.0, z) + 4.0
Field
Contents
EQUID
Unique equation identification number.

(Integer > 0)
EQNi
i-th equation.
Altair Engineering

727
(Character string)
Comments
1.
All equation identification numbers must be unique.
2.
Each equation card is specified in a fixed format, without the limitation of data field
boundaries. Equations are located in columns 17-72 on the first card, and in columns 972 on each continuation card. There is no limit on the total length of any equation.
3.
Large field format is not allowed.
4.
Free field format is allowed, but only the same number of characters as in the fixed format
(56 on the first line and 64 on the continuation lines) and will be accepted. Characters
after the 72nd column will not be accepted. Excess characters are silently disregarded,
which may result in DEQATN error or in a valid expression different from that intended. On
the continuation card in free format, the comma must be present within the first 8
columns; otherwise, the card will be interpreted in a fixed field format.
5.
Blank characters in the equation have no effect, even within a constant, variable or
function name. Lower and upper case letters are equivalent.
6.
There must be only one variable at the left-hand side of each equation in any equation
card. The variable of the first equation must be followed by an argument list in the
following format:
v1(x1,x2,,xn) = expression(x1,x2,,xn);
v2 = expression(x1,x2,,xn,v1);
vi
= expression(x1,x2,,xn,v1,v2,,vi-1);
vn = expression(x1,x2,,xn,v1,v2,,vn-1);
where, vi is the variable of equation i. (x1, x2, , xn) is the argument list for variable v1.
(v1,v2,,vi-1) is the variable list which corresponds to the result of equation 1 through
equation i-1.
Only the value of the last expression is returned to the bulk data card referencing EQUID
(DRESP2).
7.
Constants can be specified in a format of either integer or floating point. A floating point
number can be in a format of either normal decimal-point format ("3.90") or scientific
notation ("-2.0E-3"), which means -2x10-3.
The list of supported mathematical functions is as follows:
728

Altair Engineering
One-argument functions
abs(x)
absolute value
acos(x)
arccosine
acosh(x)
hyperbolic arccosine
asin(x)
arcsine
asinh(x)
hyperbolic arcsine
atan(x)
arctangent
atanh(x)
hyperbolic arctangent
cos(x)
cosine
cosh(x)
hyperbolic cosine
exp(x)
exponential
log(x)
natural logarithm
log10(x)
common logarithm
pi(x)
multiples of
sin(x)
sine
sinh(x)
hyperbolic sine
int (x)
real to integer conversion
sqrt(x)
square root
Two-argument functions
Altair Engineering

729
Multi-argument functions
8.
730
The supported operators are listed below:

Symbol
Meaning
Example
binary +
x+y
binary -
x-y
multiplication,
x*y
division
x/y
**
power
x**y
unary +
+1.0

Altair Engineering
9.
Symbol
Meaning
Example
unary -
-1.0
The precedence of mathematical calculations follows the rules of Fortran language.

Parenthesis has a higher priority in the order of precedence than the operators listed in 8.
Two consecutive operators are allowed only if the second one is unary plus or minus.
Examples of operator precedence:
Expression
Result
2**-3
0.128
1 / 2 +3
3.5
2*3-4
2.0
-2**3**2
-512.0
2 + -5
-3.0
2 * -5
-10.0
2 - -5
7.0
2/3/4
0.16666666
2/(3/4)
2.6666666
10. Functions can be defined in a layered format, for example, min(sin(x1), x2). There is no
limit on the number of layers.
11. The DEQATN entry is referenced by DRESP2 and/or DVPREL2 bulk data cards.
DRESP2 card, the variable identified by DVIDi, LABj, NRk, Gr and DPIP correspond to
variable arguments listed in the left-hand side of the first equation of a DEQATN card
identified by EQUID. The variable arguments x1 through xN (where N = n + m + p + q + s)
are assigned in the order DVID1, DVID2, , DVIDn, LAB1, LAB2, , LABm, NR1,NR2, ,
NRp, G1, , Gq, DPIP1,,DPIPS. In a DVPREL2 card, the variables identified by DVIDi and
LABj correspond to variable arguments listed in the left-hand side of the first equation of
a DEQATN card identified by EQUID. The variable arguments x1 through xN (where N = n
+ m) are assigned in the order DVID1, DVID2, , DVIDn, LAB1, LAB2, , LABm.
Only the computed value of the last expression (vn) is used by DRESP2 and/or DVPREL2
entry.
12. This card is represented as an optimizationfunction in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

731
Restrictions
Variable names longer than 8 characters are truncated, which may create an error in
equation if two names are identical after such truncation.
All trigonometric arguments are in radians.
Only alphanumeric characters may be used in variable names (that is do not use
underscores, monetary symbols, punctuation symbols, mathematical operators, letters
from non-English alphabet, and so on).
Mathematical function names (such as those listed in comment 7 above) should not be
used as variable names.
The following functions are not accepted:
DB()
DBA()
INVDB()
INVDBA()
Possible Errors
An informative error message with the DEQATN ID will be displayed if the parsing of the
equation fails. However, in certain cases, the following generic message will be provided:
Error 1690: This equation could not be parsed. See the DEQATN entry in the
OptiStruct manual.
This error message means that it was not possible to clearly identify the reason for the failure.
If this happens, check for the following possible causes, and contact ossupport@altair.com:
The length of the equation exceeds the 72 character per line limitation.
The last character of the equation is an operator.
There are two adjacent operators in the equation.
There are non-alphanumeric characters (besides operators) in the equation.
732

Altair Engineering
DESVAR
Bulk Data Entry
DESVAR Design Variable
Description
Defines a design variable.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DESVAR
ID
LABEL
XINIT
XLB
XUB
DELXV
DDVAL
RAND
ITYPE
P1
P2
P3
RANP
ITYPE
P1
P2
P3
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DESVAR
DV001
0.0
-1.0
1.0
Field
Contents
ID
Unique design variable identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
LABEL
User-defined name for the variable.

(Character)
XINIT
Initial value for variable.

(Real between XLB and XUB)
Altair Engineering

733
Field
Contents
XLB
Design variable lower bound.

(Real)
XUB
Design variable upper bound.

(Real)
DELXV
Initial move limit for each design variable.

Size: fraction of the variable itself.
(Default = value of DOPTPRM parameter DELSIZ)
Shape: fraction of the range (XUB XLB) of the variable.
(Default = value of DOPTPRM parameter DELSHP)
DDVAL
ID of DDVAL entry that provides a set of discrete values.

(Blank or Integer > 0; Default = blank for continuous design variables)
RAND
Random Design Variable

RAND flag indicating that the random design variable distribution parameters
for Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO).
ITYPE
Type of Random Distribution (see comment 5):

(Character string)
NORM Normal distribution
LOG Logarithmic normal distribution
UNIF Uniform distribution
TRIA Triangular distribution
EXPO Exponential distribution
WEIB Weibull distribution
GUMB Gumbel distribution
P1
The first distribution parameter (see comment 5)

(Real > 0.0)
P2
734
The second distribution parameter (see comment 5)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
(Real > 0.0)
P3
The third distribution parameter (see comment 5)

(Real > 0.0)
Set it to zero, if this parameter does not exist
RANP
Random Parameter
RANP flag indicating that the random parameter distribution parameters for
Reliability-based Design Optimization (RBDO).
Comments
1.
Only the initial value of the move limits can be set. Move limits are automatically
adjusted to enhance iterative stability and convergence speed.
2.
LABEL must begin with an alphabetical character, and cannot have embedded blanks.
3.
If the design variable is discrete (Integer > 0 in DDVAL field), and if either XLB and/or XUB
bounds are wider than those given by the discrete list of values on the corresponding
DDVAL entry, XLB and/or XUB will be replaced by the minimum and maximum discrete
values.
4.
Setting XINIT=XLB=XUB freezes the design variable.
5.
The various distribution types are as follows:

Normal Distribution (NORM)
Log-normal Distribution (LOG)
Altair Engineering

735
Uniform distribution (UNIF)
Triangular distribution (TRIA)
Exponential distribution (EXPO)
736

Altair Engineering
Weibull distribution (WEIB)
Gumbel distribution (GUMB)
6.
This card is represented as an optimization designvariable in HyperMesh
Altair Engineering

737
DESVARG
Bulk Data Entry
DESVARG Design Variable Group Override
Description
Defines an override for design variable settings.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DESVARG
ID
INIT
LB
UB
SET
Field
Contents
ID
Identification Number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

INIT
Overrides the initial value setting for affected design variables. See
comment 1.
Default = blank (UB, LB, blank, Real or ANALYSIS)
LB
Overrides the lower bound setting for affected design variables.

Default = blank (blank or Real)
UB
Overrides the upper bound setting for affected design variables.

Default = blank (blank or Real)
SET
Defines the design variables that are affected by this DESVARG entry. Can
either be the keyword ALL or the SID of a SET of type DESVAR.
Default = ALL (ALL or Integer)
Comments
1.
738
If any of INIT, LB or UB are left blank, then no override is applied to the corresponding
field on affected DESVARs.

Altair Engineering
2.
If INIT is defined as LB, then for all affected DESVAR entries the initial value is set to the
lower bound setting.
Likewise if INIT is defined as UB, then for all affected DESVAR entries the initial value is
set to the upper bound setting.
If, INIT is defined as ANALYSIS, then for all affected DESVAR entries the initialization is
accomplished based on the corresponding analysis properties.
Limitations for the ANALYSIS mode of initialization in the INIT field:
When a Design Variable is associated with multiple properties that have different
values.
When a Design Variable is associated with a property through DVPREL2
When a Design Variable is associated with a property through DVPREL1 with multiple
design variables.
When one of the three limitations occurs, a warning is issued and the Design Variable is
initialized based on the DESVAR card.
3.
Multiple DESVARGs are allowed (DESVARGs are processed in the order of input).
4.
If the bounds are invalid after DESVARG is applied, then an error will occur.
5.
Altair Engineering

739
DGLOBAL
Bulk Data Entry
DGLOBAL Input Data for Selecting the Global Search Option
Description
Defines input parameters required for the Global Search Option (GSO).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DGLOBA
L
ID
NGROU
P
NPOINT
SPMETH
NOUTDE
S
DESTOL
MAXSP
MAXSUC
C
MAXWAL
L
MAXC PU
GROUP
SID1
NPOINT1
SPMETH1
GROUP
SID2
NPOINT2
SPMETH2
Field
Contents
ID
Each DGLOBAL card must have a unique ID.
(8)
(9)
(10)

NGROUP
Number of groups of design variables. See comment 1.

Default = AUTO (Integer > 0, AUTO or blank)
NPOINT
Number of starting points for each group of design variables. See

comment 1.
SPMETH
740
Method used to generate the starting points. See comment 2.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Default = OFFSET (EXTREME, OFFSET or blank)
NOUTDES
Number of unique designs to be saved. See comment 4.

Default = ALL (Integer > 0, ALL or blank)
DESTOL
Unique design tolerance. See comment 4.

Default = 1% (Real > 0.0 or blank)
MAXSP
Maximum number of starting points. See comment 5.

MAXSUCC
Maximum number of consecutive starting points without finding a unique

design. See comment 5.
MAXWALL
Maximum amount of WALL time (in hours). See comment 5.

Default = infinite (Real > 0.0 or blank)
MAXCPU
Maximum amount of CPU time (in hours). See comment 5.

Default = infinite (Real > 0.0 or blank)
GROUP
GROUP flag indicating that design variables grouping information is to

follow. See comment 3.
SID#
Design variables SET identification number.

NPOINT#
Number of starting points for the current group of design variables.

SPMETH#
Method used to generate the starting points for the current group of
design variables.
Default = AUTO (EXTREME, OFFSET, AUTO or blank)
Altair Engineering

741
Comments
1.
Design variables are automatically organized in groups, and design variables within a given
group are assigned the same relative starting points, such as their lower or upper bound.
With the AUTO option, OptiStruct determines NGROUP and NPOINT so as to generate a
reasonable and manageable number of starting points. Note that for small optimization
problems, each design variable might be assigned its own group. By default, the number
of groups is equal to the number of independent design variables with an upper limit of 10.
For larger optimization problems, design variables are grouped together in order to
consolidate the potential starting points.
2.
With the EXTREME option, the lower and upper bounds are included in the list of starting
points; whereas with the OFFSET option, the lower and upper bounds are not considered
as starting points. In both cases, the starting points are distributed evenly.
3.
In situations where finer control is required, design variables can be grouped manually by
creating DESVAR SETs. NPOINT# and SPMETH# can also be defined for individual groups.
If those parameters are not defined for a specific group, they inherit their value from the
generic NPOINT and SPMETH parameters.
4.
The unique design tolerance DESTOL provides the threshold under which two designs are
considered identical. It is measured as the average of the relative differences between
the design variables at the last iteration. If such identical designs are found, the best
occurrence is preserved and other results are discarded. Up to NOUTDES unique designs
are saved in subdirectories named <filename_#s_#u>, where #s is the starting point and
#u is the rank of the unique design.
5.
The global search option stops searching for optimal designs when any of the following
criteria has been met:
the maximum number of starting points (MAXSP) has been reached
the maximum number of consecutive starting points without finding a unique design
(MAXSUCC) has been reached
the maximum amount of WALL time (MAXWALL) has been reached or exceeded
the maximum amount of CPU time (MAXCPU) has been reached or exceeded
all possible starting points have been explored
6.
In general, it is recommended to run the global search option with the default parameters,
except for the termination criteria.
7.
The DGLOBAL bulk data entry is referenced by the DGLOBAL command in the I/O section
of the input data.
742

Altair Engineering
DIM
Bulk Data Entry
DIM Dimension Definition
Description
Defines a link between a DIM# field on a PBARL or PBEAML property and either the thickness
on a PSEC definition or the y or z coordinate on a GRIDS definition; it is used in the definition
of arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DIM
DIMID
PID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DIM
DIMID
GID
C OORD
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DIM
10
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
DIMID
Dimension identification number. The number of a cross-section dimension

field on a PBARL, or PBEAML property definition.
Thickness flag. Indicates that the dimension definition is related to a PSEC

thickness.
Altair Engineering

743
Field
Contents
PID
Identification number of a PSEC definition.

Grid flag. Indicates that the dimension definition is related to a GRIDS

coordinate.
GID
Identification number of a GRIDS definition.

COORD
Coordinate.
No default (Y or Z)
Comments
1.
DIMID may be repeated in a section definition, but a PSEC thickness or a GRIDS

coordinate must not be mentioned on more than one DIM entry within a section definition.
2.
744

Altair Engineering
DLINK
Bulk Data Entry
DLINK Design Variable Link
Description
The DLINK bulk data entry defines a link between one design variable and one or more other
design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DLINK
ID
DDVID
C0
C MULT
IDV1
C1
IDV2
C2
IDV3
C3
etc.
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DLINK
55
0.2
0.45
2.0
10
5.5
15
-3.0
Field
Contents
ID
Unique DLINK identification number.
(10)
(Integer > 0)
DDVID
Identification number of the Dependent Design Variable.

(Integer > 0)
C0
Constant.
Altair Engineering

745
Field
Contents
CMULT
Constant multiplier.
IDVi
Identification number of the Independent Design Variable.

(Integer > 0)
Ci
Coefficient multiplier for IDVi.

(Real)
Comments
1.
DLINK defines the relationship.
This capability allows physical and non-physical design variables to be related such as
shell thickness and interpolating functions.
2.
Independent IDVis can occur on the same DLINK entry only once.
3.
CMULT and Ci can be used together to provide a simple means of scaling.
4.
This card is represented as an optimization designvariablelink in HyperMesh.
746

Altair Engineering
DLINK2
Bulk Data Entry
DLINK2 Design Variable Link Defined by User-supplied Equation
Description
Defines a link of one design variable to one or more other design variables defined by a
DEQATN card. The equation inputs come from the referenced DESVAR values and the
constants defined on the DTABLE card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DLINK2
ID
DDVID
EQUID
or FUNC
DESVAR
DVID1
DTABLE
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DVID2
DVID3
DVID4
DVID5
DVID6
DVID7
DVID8
DVID9
etc.
LABL1
LABL2
LABL3
LABL4
LABL5
LABL6
LABL7
LABL8
etc.
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DLINK2
201
101
DESVAR
Altair Engineering
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

747
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DESVAR
0.0
-1.0
1.0
DESVAR
0.0
-1.0
1.0
DESVAR
0.0
-1.0
1.0
DEQATN
101
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
RADIUS(X,Y) = SQRT(X**2+Y**2)
Field
Contents
ID
Relationship identity. Each DVPREL2 card must have a unique ID.

DDVID
Identification number of Dependent Design Variable.

(Integer > 0)
EQID
Equation ID of DEQATN data.

FUNC
Function to be applied to the arguments. See comment 2.

(Character)
DESVAR
DESVAR flag indicating DESVAR ID numbers follow.
DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
DTABLE
DTABLE flag indicating DTABLE labels follow.
LABLi
Constant label on DTABLE card.

No default (Character)
748

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
The main application for this entity is to link shape design variables with each other
through equations. DVPREL2 should be used for linking sizing design variables with each
other through equations.
2.
The following functions can be used instead of an EQUID. If FUNC is used, the DEQATN
entry is no longer needed. The functions are applied to all arguments on the DLINK2
regardless of their type.
3.
Function
Description
Formula
SUM
Sum of arguments
AVG
Average of arguments
SSQ
Sum of square of arguments
RSS
Square root of sum of squares of

arguments
MAX
Maximum of arguments
MIN
Minimum of arguments
SUMABS
Sum of absolute value of arguments
AVGABS
Average of absolute value of

arguments
MAXABS
Maximum of absolute arguments
MINABS
Minimum of absolute value of

arguments
This card is represented as an optimization designvariablelink in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

749
DLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
DLOAD Dynamic Load Combination or Superposition
Description
Defines a dynamic loading condition for frequency response problems as a linear combination
of load sets defined via RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries, or for transient problems as a linear
combination of load sets defined via TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DLOAD
SID
S1
L1
S2
L2
S3
L3
S4
L4
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DLOAD
1.0
2.0
101
2.0
102
2.0
103
-2.0
201
Field
Contents
SID
Load set identification number.
(10)

S
Scale factor.
No default (Real)
S#
Scale factors.
No default (Real)
750

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
L#
Load set identification numbers of RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 or TLOAD1 and

TLOAD2 entries.
Comments
1.
with DLOAD=SID. (See I/O Options and Subcase Information DLOAD entry).
2.
The load vector being defined by this entry is given by:
3.
Each L# must be unique from any other L# on the same entry.
4.
SID must be unique from all RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 or TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 entries.
5.
A DLOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another DLOAD
entry.
6.
RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 loads and TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 loads may be combined only through
the use of the DLOAD entry.
7.
This card is represented as a loadcollector in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

751
DMIG
Bulk Data Entry
DMIG Direct Matrix Input at Points
Description
Defines direct input matrices related to grid points. The matrix is defined by a single header
entry and one or more column entries. A column entry is required for each column with nonzero elements.
Header Entry Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DMIG
NAME
"0"
IFO
TIN
TOUT
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C1
A1
(9)
(10)
NC OL
Column Entry Format

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DMIG
NAME
GJ
CJ
G1
G2
C2
A2
G3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DMIG
STIF
DMIG
STIF
27
120
2.5+10
STIF
28
123
4.1+8
DMIG
752
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
120
3.+5
123
6.+7

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
NAME
Name of the matrix -- See comment 1.

No default (One to eight alphanumeric characters, the first must be
alphabetic)
IFO
Form of matrix input.

No default (6 = Symmetric, 9 = rectangular)
TIN
Type of matrix being input. (Ignored)

All data is read in as double precision. The number of significant digits is
equal to the number of digits in the input. The input can be free, short fixed
field, or long fixed field data.
TOUT
Type of matrix that will be created. (Ignored)

All data is stored internally as double precision.
NCOL
Number of columns in a rectangular matrix. Must be used when IFO = 9. Not

used when IFO = 6.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, or blank)
GJ
Grid point identification number for column index.

CJ
Component number for grid point GJ.

Gi
Grid point identification number for row index.

Ci
Component number for Gi for a grid point.

No default (0 < CJ < 6)
Ai
Real value of a matrix element.

No default (Real)
Altair Engineering

753
Comments
1.
Matrices may be selected for all solution sequences by the structural matrices before
constraints are applied.
2.
The header entry containing IFO is required. Each no-null column is started with a GJ, CJ
pair. The entries for each row of that column follow. Only non-zero terms need be
entered. The terms may be input in arbitrary order. A GJ, CJ pair may be entered more
than once, but input of an element of the matrix more than once will produce a fatal
message.
3.
Field 3 of the header entry must contain an integer 0.
4.
A given off-diagonal element may be input either below or above the diagonal. While
upper and lower triangle terms may be mixed, a fatal message will be issued if an element
is input both below and above the diagonal.
5.
The matrix names must be unique among all DMIGs.
6.
The recommended format for rectangular matrices requires the use of NCOL and IFO = 9.
The number of columns in the matrix is NCOL. (The number of rows in all DMIG matrices is
always g-set size). The GJ term is used for the column index. The CJ term is ignored.
7.
8.
The DMIG matrices can be multiplied by real numbers and combined when referenced by
the K2GG, M2GG, K42GG, K2PP, B2GG, and A2GG data.
9.
The DMIG matrices can be multiplied by real numbers as they are assembled into the
global matrices using the PARAM data C2K, CP2, CB2, and CM2 for K2GG, K2PP, B2GG, and
M2GG data respectively.
754

Altair Engineering
DMIGMOD
Bulk Data Entry
DMIGMOD H3DDMIG Modification
Description
Defines changes in the contents of a super element from H3DDMIG input.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DMIGMO
D
MTXNAM
E
SHFGID
SHFSPI
D
SHFSPID_
F
SHFC ID
SHFEID
SHFRID
HYBDAM
P
METHOD
SDAMP
KDAMP
METHOD_
F
SDAMP_
F
KDAMP_
F
ORIGIN
A1
A2
A3
GIDMAP
GID1
GID1A
GID2
GID2A
GID3
GID3A
C IDMAP
C ID1
C ID1A
C ID2
C ID2A
C ID3
C ID3A
RELOC
PA1
PA2
PA3
PB1
PB2
PB3
Field
Contents
MTXNAME
Matrix name defined on ASSIGN,H3DDMIG.
(9)
(10)
No default (1 to 6 characters)
SHFGID
All Grid identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the

specified value. If this field is left blank, then a shift does not occur (see
comment 2).
Default = blank (Integer, or blank)
SHFSPID
All SPOINT identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the

Altair Engineering

755
Field
Contents
comment 2).
SHFSPID_F
All Fluid SPOINT identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the
comment 2).
SHFCID
All Coordinate System identification numbers in the superelement are shifted

by the specified value. If this field is left blank, then a shift does not occur
(see comment 2).
SHFEID
All Element identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by the

comment 2).
SHFRID
All Rigid Element identification numbers in the superelement are shifted by

the specified value. If this field is left blank, then a shift does not occur (see
comment 2).
HYBDAMP
Keyword for the remaining data for superelement damping.
METHOD
Identification number of EIGRL card. Hybrid damping would be applied on the

superelements for the modes referred by EIGRL card. If blank, then applied
damping on all the modes.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, or blank)
SDAMP
Identification number of TABDMP1 entry for modal damping.

KDAMP
If KDAMP is set to -1, viscous modal damping is entered into the complex
stiffness matrix as structural damping instead of viscous damping.
Default = 1 (Integer)
756

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
METHOD_F
Identification number of EIGRL card. Hybrid damping would be applied on the

fluid part of superelement for the modes referred by the EIGRL card. If
blank, then modal damping is applied damping to all the fluid modes.
SDAMP_F
Identification number of TABDMP1 entry for fluid modal damping of the

superelement.
KDAMP_F
If KDAMP_F is set to -1, viscous modal damping is entered into the complex
stiffness matrix as structural damping instead of viscous damping.
ORIGIN
Keyword for defining the new ORIGIN for DMIG.
A1,A2,A3
Defines the new location of the origin of the DMIG.

GIDMAP
Keyword for defining mapped grid ID pairs.
GIDn,GIDnA
Mapped grid ID pairs.
CIDMAP
Keyword for defining mapped coordinate system ID pairs.
CIDn,CIDnA
Mapped coordinate system ID pairs.
RELOC
Keyword indicating that matching grid point ID pairs in the residual structure
and superelement are to follow (see comment 1).
PA1, PA2,
PA3
IDs of three non-collinear grid points in the residual structure.
PB1, PB2,
PB3
IDs of three non-collinear grid points in the superelement that will be

matched to corresponding grid points in the residual structure (defined by
PA1, PA2 and PA3).
Comments
1.
The RELOC entry and its related fields define three matching grid point pairs on the
residual structure and the superelement. The superelement defined using ASSIGN,
H3DDMIG is relocated (translated and rotated, as required) such that the three non-
Altair Engineering

757
collinear grids PB1, PB2, and PB3 coincide with PA1, PA2, and PA3, respectively on the
residual structure.
Figure 1: Matching three grids on the superelement with grids on the residual structure
2.
758
Identification numbers of certain entities in a superelement can be modified during

H3DDMIG input. Negative integers can be input in the shift fields on this entry (see fields
beginning with SHF above), however, care should be taken to ensure that the
identification numbers are not shifted to negative values. The values of identification
numbers after shifting should always be greater than zero, otherwise, the run will error
out.

Altair Engineering
DOBJREF
Bulk Data Entry
DOBJREF Design Objective for Minmax Problems
Description
Defines a response and its reference values for a minmax (maxmin) optimization problem.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DOBJREF
DOID
RID
SID
(6)
NEGREF POSREF
/ LID
/ UID
(7)
(8)
(9)
LOWFQ
HIGHFQ
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DOBJREF
22
ALL
-1.0
1.0
DOBJREF
22
ALL
-1.0
1.0
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DRESP1
TOP
DISP
488
DRESP1
BOTTOM
DISP
601
Example 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DOBJREF
23
14
ALL
-1.0
1.0
Altair Engineering
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

759
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DRESP1
TOP
DISP
488
DRESP1
BOTTOM
DISP
601
Field
Contents
DOID
Design objective identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
RID
DRESP1 or DRESP2 identification number.

(Integer > 0)
SID
Subcase identification number - use ALL if it applies to all subcases.

Default = ALL (Integer > 0, blank or ALL)
NEGREF/ LID
NEGREF
(Real < 0.0)
Default = -1
LID
<Integer>
No default
POSREF/ UID
POSREF
(Real > 0.0)
Default = 1.0
UID
<Integer>
No default
760
Reference value for a negative

response (should always be a
negative real number or blank). See
comments 2, 3 and 5.
Table identification number of a
TABLEDi entry that specifies the
negative reference as a function of
loading frequency. See comments
2, 3 and 5.
Reference value for a positive
response (should always be a
positive real number or blank). See
Table identification number of a
TABLEDi entry that specifies the
positive reference as a function of
loading frequency. See comments
2, 3 and 5.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
LOWFQ
Lower bound on a loading frequency range.

HIGHFQ
Upper bound on a loading frequency range.

Default = 1.0E+20 (Real > LOWFQ)
Comments
1.
The same DOID can be used for multiple DOBJREF entries. If only one DOID is used, only
one MINMAX=DOID entry is needed in the Subcase Information section.
2.
The use of reference values allows users to set up general minmax problems involving
different responses with different magnitudes. For these problems, the objective can be
defined as:
Minimize max(W1 ( x)/r1, W2 (x)/r 2 , ... Wk ( x)/ rk )

Or, alternatively:
Maximimze max(W1 ( x)/r 1, W2 ( x)/ r2 ,...Wk ( x)/ rk )

where, Wk are response values, and rk are corresponding reference values, which can
take different values depending on whether the response is positive or negative.
3.
Typically, the target value or constraint value of a response can be used as its reference
value. So, instead of the traditional optimization problem where there is a single objective
and multiple constraints, the problem may be formulated as a minmax (maxmin)
optimization, where all the responses which were previously constrained are defined as
objectives and their bounds are used as reference values. This works toward pushing the
maximum ratio of response versus bound value as low as possible, thus increasing the
safety of the structure.
4.
LOWFQ and HIGHFQ apply only to response types related to a frequency response
subcase (DRESPi, RTYPE = FRDISP, FRVELO, FRACCL, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, FRPRES
and FRERP). The reference values NEGREF and POSREF are applied only if the loading
frequency falls between LOWFQ and HIGHFQ. If ATTB of DRESP1 specifies a frequency
value, LOWFQ and HIGHFQ are ignored.
5.
LID and UID identify a loading frequency dependent tabular input using TABLEDi. They are
applied analogous to LOWFQ, HIGHFQ detailed in comment 4.
6.
This card is represented as a designobjectivereference in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

761
DOPTPRM
Bulk Data Entry
DOPTPRM Design Optimization Parameters
Description
Defines design optimization parameters by overriding the defaults.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DOPTPRM
PARAM1
VAL1
PARAM2
VAL2
PARAM3
VAL3
PARAM4
VAL4
PARM5
VAL5
Etc
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DOPTPRM
MINDIM
10.0
OBJTOL
0.01
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
PARAMi
Parameter name. See below for allowable names.
VALi
Parameter value.
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Real or Integer)
The available parameters and their values are listed below (click the parameter name for
detailed parameter descriptions).
Parameter
Brief Description
Value
APPROX
Switch to select the approximation

type for stress/strain responses of
shells, composites and 1-D elements.
FULL or REDUCED
Default = FULL
762

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Brief Description
Value
CHECKER
This option controls the

checkerboard-like element wise
density distribution.
0 or 1
Default = 0
DDVOPT
Control options for discrete design

optimization.
1, 2, or 3
Default = 1
DELSHP
The initial fractional move limit for

topography/shape design variables
(fractional difference between the
upper and lower bounds).
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.2
DELSIZ

size design variables.
Real > 0
Default = 0.5
DELTOP

topology and free-size design
variables.
Real > 0
Default = 0.5
DESMAX or
MAXITER
Defines the maximum number of

design iterations.
Integer > 0
Default = 30, or if MINDIM is
defined, default = 80
DISCRETE
Discreteness parameter. Influences

the tendency for elements in a
topology optimization to converge to
a material density of 0 or 1.
Real > 0.0

Defaults
1.0 general default.
2.0 - for solid dominant
structures with member size
control and no manufacturing
constraints.
DISCRT1D
Discreteness parameter for 1-D

elements.
Real > 0.0

Default = DISCRETE
ESLMAX
Maximum number of outer design

loops in the design of Multi-body
dynamic systems and for nonlinear
optimization using ESLM.
Integer > 0
Default = 30
ESLSOPT
Controls the time step screen

strategy in the design of multi-body
dynamic systems.
<0, 1>
Default = 1
Altair Engineering

763
Parameter
Brief Description
Value
ESLSTOL
Controls the tolerance for screening

out time steps in the design of multibody dynamic systems.
0.0 < Real < 1.0

Default = 0.3
GBUCK
Controls the global buckling

constraint.
YES, NO, 1 or 0
Default = 0
MATINIT
Defines the initial material fraction.
Real between 0.0 and 1.0
MAX_BUCK
Controls the maximum number of

Integer > 0
buckling eigenvalues to be considered Default = 15
for each buckling subcase in an
optimization problem.
MINDENS
Sets the minimum element material

density.
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.01
MINDIM
Specifies the minimum diameter of

members formed in a topology
optimization.
Real > 0.0

Default = no minimum member
size control
MMCHECK
Parameter to ensure a checkerboard- Integer = 0,1

free solution.
Default = 0
NESLEXPD
Specifies the number of time steps

retained for optimization from each
EXPDYN subcase. At each time step,
one ESL is generated.
Integer > 0
Default = 20
NESLIMPD

IMPDYN subcase. At each time step,
Integer > 0
Default = 20
NESLNLGM

NLGEOM subcase. At each time step,
Integer > 0
Default = 1
OBJTOL
Relative convergence criterion.
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.005
OPTMETH
Options to choose the optimization
MFD, SQP, DUAL, BIGOPT
764

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Brief Description
Value
algorithm.
Default = See descriptions
REMESH
Parameter to activate the remeshing

process.
Integer = 0,1
Default = 0
SHAPEOPT
Optional parameter to select an

alternative shape optimization
algorithm.
<1, 2>
Default = 1
TMINPLY
Defines the minimum ply thickness

allowed for all plies of PCOMPs
selected by DSIZE or DTPL design
variable definitions.
0.0 < Real < min(Ti)
Comments
1.
Some of the parameters may also be defined as separate entities in the I/O section of the
deck, using the previous (OS3.5) input format. Only one definition is allowed.
2.
This card is represented as an opticontrols in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

765
DOPTPRM, APPROX
Parameter
Values
Description
APPROX
< FULL or
REDUCED >
Default =
FULL
Approximation type switch for stress/strain responses for

shells, composites and 1D elements.
766
When REDUCED is chosen, some stress/strain responses will

use the constant force approximation. This method has the
benefit of reducing the memory requirement for large
optimization problems (many stress/strain responses for
many size design variables). Another benefit is the reduction
in runtime if the bottleneck occurs due to sensitivity
analysis. You are encouraged to try the REDUCED option for
the large size optimization model, and, if the FULL option
results in the error 832 (Optimization problem is too big to be
solved by OptiStruct).

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, CHECKER
Parameter
Values
Description
CHECKER
< 0 or 1 >
Default = 0
Checkerboard control option.

Use 0 for no checkerboard control.
Use 1 for global checkerboard control.
This option controls checkerboard-like element wise density
distribution.
The undesired side effect is that a layer of semi-dense
elements will remain at the transition from solid (fully dense
domain) to void. To reduce this side effect, you can
activate minimum member size control (MEMBSIZ on DTPL)
which has built-in checkerboard control.
MINDIM can be smaller than the mesh size if a large member
size is not desired. Minimum member size control has a 3phase iterative process in which the final phase targets the
removal of the semi-dense element layer. If manufacturing
constraints are applied, minimum member size control is
always activated. However, the final iterative phase will not
target the removal of semi-dense elements, as this may
have an adverse effect on manufacturing constraint
preservation.
Altair Engineering

767
DOPTPRM, DDVOPT
Parameter
Values
Description
DDVOPT
< 1, 2, 3 >
Default = 1
Discrete Design Variable Option.

Use 1 for full discrete design optimization.
Use 2 for two-phased approach, a continuous
optimization phase followed by a discrete optimization
phase (starting from the continuous optimum).
Use 3 for a continuous optimization regardless of DDVAL
definitions. The bounds will be affected by DDVAL if
DDVAL bounds are more restrictive than those defined
on DESVAR.
768

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, DELSHP
Parameter
Values
Description
DELSHP
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.2
Initial fractional move limit for topography/shape design

variables. Defined as the fractional difference between
the upper and lower bounds.
Only the initial value of the move limits can be set.
Move limits are automatically adjusted to enhance
iterative stability and convergence speed.
The move limits for subsequent iterations may not be
greater than this initial move limit.
Altair Engineering

769
DOPTPRM, DELSIZ
Parameter
Values
Description
DELSIZ
Real > 0
Default = 0.5
Initial fractional move limit for size design variables.

770

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, DELTOP
Parameter
Values
Description
DELTOP
Real > 0
Default = 0.5
Initial fractional move limit for topology and free-size

design variables.
Altair Engineering

771
DOPTPRM, DESMAX or MAXITER

Parameter
Values
Description
DESMAX or
Integer > 0
Default = 30
or if MINDIM is
defined, Default =
80
Maximum number of design iterations.
MAXITER
772

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, DISCRETE
Parameter
DISCRETE
Values
Description
Real > 0.0

Defaults
1.0 general
default.
2.0 - for solid
dominant
structures with
member size
control and no
manufacturing
constraints.
Altair Engineering
Discreteness parameter. Influences the tendency for

elements in a topology optimization to converge to a
material density of 0 or 1. Higher values decrease the
number of elements that remain between 0 and 1.
Note: Recommended bounds are 0.0 and 2.0 for shells,
or 3.0 for solids.

773
DOPTPRM, DISCRT1D
Parameter
Values
Description
DISCRT1D
Real > 0.0

Default = DISCRETE
Discreteness parameter for 1D elements. Same

effect as DISCRETE, but applies only to 1D
elements. It is often desirable to have a higher
discreteness for 1D elements than for 2D or 3D
elements.
774

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, ESLMAX
Parameter
Values
Description
ESLMAX
Integer > 0
Default = 30
Maximum number of outer design loops in the design

of multi-body dynamics systems, and for nonlinear
optimization using the equivalent static load
method.
If 0, then the optimization process is not activated.
Altair Engineering

775
DOPTPRM, ESLSOPT
Parameter
Values
Description
ESLSOPT
< 0, 1 >
Default = 1
Controls the time step screen strategy in the design

of multi-body dynamics systems.
1 Screens out time steps that do not play an
important role in the design of multi-body dynamics
systems.
0 Does not screen out time steps. All of the steps
in the multi-body dynamics analysis are involved in
the design process. Refer to Equivalent Static Load
Method (ESLM) for more information.
776

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, ESLSTOL
Parameter
Values
Description
ESLSTOL
0.0 < Real < 1.0

Default = 0.3
Controls the tolerance for screening out time steps

in the design of multi-body dynamic systems. Valid
only when DOPTPRM, ESLSOPT is 1.
The smaller value it has, the smaller number of time
steps the design process handles, which makes the
design process even faster. Too small a value may
cause the design process to diverge though.
Therefore, if the number of time steps retained by
ESLSTOL is less than 10, the 10 most dominant time
steps will be involved in the optimization process. If
the value is 1.0, this is equivalent to DOPTPRM,
ESLSOPT, 0. That is, all of the steps in the multibody dynamic analysis are involved in the design
process, which causes more CPU time to be used.
Altair Engineering

777
DOPTPRM, GBUCK
Parameter
Values
Description
GBUCK
YES, NO, 1 or 0 Controls global buckling constraint.

Default = 0
Use 0, NO, or omit this parameter for no global buckling
constraint.
Use 1 or YES to activate global buckling constraint.
When activated, the global buckling constraint affects
those subcases in which buckling eigenvalues (LAMA) are
constrained. For these subcases, when this parameter is
activated, only a single buckling mode needs to be
constrained with a lower bound. The GBUCK parameter
will then ensure that all buckling eigenvalues that are
less than or equal to the lower bound defined in this
constraint will be considered within the optimization
problem.
More than one buckling eigenvalue constraint (or if the
single constraint is not a lower bound) in any buckling
subcase will cause termination with an error.
The MAX_BUCK parameter on the DOPTPRM card controls
the maximum number of buckling modes for each subcase
that are considered in the optimization. The EIGRL card
referenced in the buckling subcase controls the number
of modes calculated at each iteration.
778

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, MATINIT
Parameter
Values
Description
MATINIT
Real between
0.0 and 1.0
This parameter declares the initial material fraction. For

topology optimization runs with mass as the objective,
default is 0.9. For runs with constrained mass, the
default is reset to the constraint value. If mass is not
the objective function and is not constrained, the
default is 0.6.
Altair Engineering

779
DOPTPRM, MAX_BUCK
Parameter
Values
Description
MAX_BUCK
Integer > 0
Default = 15
Controls maximum number of buckling eigenvalues to be

considered for each buckling subcase in the optimization
problem.
Can only exist if GBUCK exists.
Only up to MAX_BUCK eigenvalues are considered for
each buckling subcase.
If the user-defined MAX_BUCK is less than 15 when auto
screening is turned on, MAX_BUCK will be reset to 15.
If more buckling modes need to be involved for a
problem, explicitly specify MAX_BUCK (MAX_BUCK>15).
To reduce the computational cost, OptiStruct
automatically and dynamically adjusts the upper bound
of the eigenvalue range on the EIGRL card for each
buckling subcase at each iteration and only the
eigenvalues that are possibly retained in the
optimization would be calculated.
780

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, MINDENS
Parameter
Values
Description
MINDENS
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.01
Minimum element material density. Sets a lower limit

on the amount of material that can be assigned to any
design element. Extremely low values for this
parameter can result in an ill-conditioned stiffness
matrix.
Altair Engineering

781
DOPTPRM, MINDIM
Parameter
Values
Description
MINDIM
Real > 0.0

Default = no
minimum member
size control
Specifies the minimum diameter of members formed

in a topology optimization. This command is used to
eliminate small members.
782

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, MMCHECK
Parameter
Values
Description
MMCHECK
Integer = 0,1
Default = 0
The use of this parameter, in conjunction with MINDIM,

will ensure a checkerboard-free solution, although with
the undesired side effect of achieving a solution that
involves a large number of semi-dense elements, similar
to the result of using CHECKER=1. Therefore, use this
parameter only when it is necessary.
Altair Engineering

783
DOPTPRM, NESLEXPD
Parameter
Values
Description
NESLEXPD
Integer > 0
Default = 20
This parameter specifies the number of time steps

retained for optimization from each EXPDYN subcase.
At each time step, one ESL (equivalent static load) is
generated.
The termination time (TTERM) of the subcase is always
retained.
If 0, all of the time steps are retained.
The total number of time steps is determined by the
duration of the subcase (difference in TTERM between
current and previous subcases) and animation output
control (TA0 and DTA on XSTEP card).
While retaining fewer time steps will result in less
computational time in the inner loop of the ESL method,
very low number of retained time steps could result in
many outer loops required or even divergence of the
solution in the outer loop.
784

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, NESLIMPD
Parameter
Values
Description
NESLIMPD
Integer > 0
Default = 20

retained for optimization from each IMPDYN subcase.
generated.
retained.
control (TA0 and DTA on TSTEPNX card).
a very low number of retained time steps could result in
Altair Engineering

785
DOPTPRM, NESLNLGM
Parameter
Values
Description
NESLNLGM
Integer > 0
Default = 1

retained for optimization from each NLGEOM subcase.
generated.
retained.
control (TA0 and DTA on NLPARMX card).
a very low number of retained time steps could result in
786

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, OBJTOL
Parameter
Values
Description
OBJTOL
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.005
Relative convergence criterion. If relative change in

the objective function between two design iterations is
less than OBJTOL, then optimization stops.
A relative change in the objective function of 0.005 is
the same as a 0.5% change in the objective function.
Altair Engineering

787
DOPTPRM, OPTMETH
Parameter
Values
Description
OPTMETH
< MFD, SQP,

DUAL, BIGOPT >
Default = See
description and
Note
Options to choose the optimization algorithm:

MFD = Method of feasible directions
SQP = Sequential Quadratic Programming
DUAL = Dual Optimizer based on separable convex
approximation.
BIGOPT = Large scale optimization algorithm.
The DUAL algorithm should be used for concept level
optimization (Topology, free-size and Topography) since
such problems typically involve a very large number of
design variables.
For size and shape optimization, primal methods (MFD
and SQP) and BIGOPT are more suitable since the
approximate problem typically involves coupled terms due
to advanced approximation formulation utilizing
intermediate variables and responses. MFD has been and
remains the default optimizer.
Note:
During a run, the corresponding optimization algorithms
are automatically selected by OptiStruct based on the
optimization type. The use of this parameter will override
the defaults.
788

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, REMESH
Parameter
Values
Description
REMESH
Integer = 0, 1
Default = 0
This parameter specifies if the remeshing process will

be activated when the optimization runs into element
quality error.
1 Yes. When optimization runs into element quality
error, the remeshing process will be activated to
improve element quality. After remeshing is completed,
the optimization process will then continue based on
the remeshed model.
0 No. The remeshing process will not be activated
regardless of whether element quality error occurs.
Note:
1.
When an optimization run results in element quality

error (usually during Shape, Free-shape or
Topography optimization), OptiStruct calls
HyperMesh in batch mode. The model from the
latest optimization iteration is automatically loaded
into HyperMesh and remeshing is performed to
improve element quality.
HyperMesh, then automatically exports a new input
deck named *_rmsh###.fem (### = 001, 002, 003,
represents the remeshing round number) that is
loaded into OptiStruct to continue the optimization
run with the remeshed model.
2.
When an element quality error occurs, OptiStruct

12.0.210 will automatically check the HyperMesh
version.
If HyperMesh version 12.0.110 or later is installed,
the new function *remesh_optistruct will be
called to accomplish the remeshing process. For all
other versions (HyperMesh 12.0 or earlier) an old
function, previously used in 12.0, is called.
3.
Altair Engineering
Installing the latest version of HyperMesh

(12.0.110 or later) is recommended to access all
the latest improvements in the
*remesh_optistruct function.

789
DOPTPRM, SHAPEOPT
Parameter
Values
Description
SHAPEOPT
Integer = 1, 2
Default = 1
Defines an optional parameter to select an alternative

shape optimization algorithm. This algorithm can be
selected when non-moving shapes are encountered in
the optimization.
1 Default algorithm for shape optimization.
2 Selects the alternate algorithm for shape
optimization.
If discrete design variables are present, it is
recommended to use this parameter along with design
optimization parameter, DDVOPT=2.
790

Altair Engineering
DOPTPRM, TMINPLY
Parameter
Values
Description
TMINPLY
0.0 < Real < min(Ti)
Defines the minimum ply thickness allowed for all

plies of PCOMPs selected by DSIZE or DTPL design
variable definitions. Should be smaller than the
minimum of all relevant Ti on the selected PCOMPs.
Check its compatibility with volume constraint if
applied. Note also that for volume fraction
calculation, TMINPLY is not treated as none design
volume in the same way as T0 for regular PSHELLs.
Buckling responses for composite structures may be
considered for free-size and topology optimization
when this parameter is non-zero.
Altair Engineering

791
DPHASE
Bulk Data Entry
DPHASE Dynamic Load Phase Lead
Description
Defines the phase lead term in the equation of the dynamic loading function. DPHASE is
used in conjunction with RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DPHASE
SID
P1
C1
TH1
P2
C2
TH2
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DPHASE
33
3.4
34
3.4
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

P1, P2

C1, C2
Component number.
No default (Integers 1 through 6, or 0 for scalar points)
TH1, TH2
Phase lead
in degrees.
No default (Real)
792

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
One or two dynamic load phase lead terms may be defined on a single entry.
2.
SID must be referenced on a RLOAD1 or RLOAD2 entry for the formulae that define how
the phase lead is used.
3.
A DAREA entry should be used to define a load at P# and C#.
4.
5.
Altair Engineering

793
DRAPE
Bulk Data Entry
DRAPE Draping Information for Ply-based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the draping data for plies used in ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRAPE
ID
DTYPE1
DID1
T1
THETA1
DTYPE2
DID2
T2
THETA2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
...
Field
Contents
ID
Unique draping identification number.

DTYPE#
Entity type.
No default (ELEM, SET, or ALL)
DID#
Entity number. Must refer to an element (for ELEM) or SET (for

SET) bulk data entry. Must be blank for ALL.
T#
Thinning factor.
THETA#
Angle variation.
794

Altair Engineering
DREPADD
Bulk Data Entry
DREPADD Addition of Response Selection to be Reported without being Constrained
Description
Creates a combination of several DREPORT sets that can be referenced by a subcase.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DREPAD
D
DRID
DR1
DR2
DR3
Dr4
DR5
DR6
DR7
DR8
etc.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DREPAD
D
101
10
20
30
Field
Contents
DRID
DREPADD identification number.
(6)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
DRi
DREPORT ID number.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
The DREPADD entry is selected by a REPSUB or REPGLB in the Subcase Information

section.
2.
All DRi must be unique.
3.
All DRID must be unique with respect to all DRi (DREPORT IDs).
Altair Engineering

795
DREPORT
Bulk Data Entry
DREPORT Report Unconstrained Responses
Description
The DREPORT card is used in the bulk data section to report responses, defined by DRESP1,
DRESP2 and DRESP3 cards, to the output file, which are not constrained or used as the
objective function, as defined by the optimization problem.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DREPOR
T
DRID
RID
LALLOW
UALLOW
NL
NU
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DREPOR
T
1.0
5.0
(8)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DRESP1
TOPN
DISP
(5)
Field
Contents
DRID
Report identification number.
(6)
(7)
(8)
4668
(Integer > 0)
RID

(Integer > 0)
796

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
LALLOW
Optional lower bound on response for reporting purposes.

(Real or blank)
UALLOW
Optional upper bound on response for reporting purposes.

(Real or blank)
NL
Optional number of lowest responses to report. See comment 3.

(Integer or blank)
NU
Optional number of highest response to report. See comment 3.

(Integer or blank)
Comments
1.
The DREPORT DRID is selected in the Subcase Information section by the REPSUB or
REPGLB cards and/or referenced by the DREPADD card.
2.
For any DRID, the associated RID can be referenced only once.
3.
If NL=1, only the lowest response in the range [LALLOW, UALLOW] (if specified) is
reported. If NU=1, only the highest response in the range [LALLOW, UALLOW] (if
specified) is reported.
Altair Engineering

797
DRESP1
Bulk Data Entry
DRESP1 Optimization Design Response
Description
A response, or set of responses, that are the result of a design analysis iteration. These
responses can be used as a design objective or as design constraints.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DRESP1
ID
LABEL
RTYPE
PTYPE
REGION
ATTA
ATTB
ATT1
ATT2
EXC L
EID1
EID2
EID3
EID4
EID5
EID6
EID7
EID8
EXTN
(10)
RANDID
Examples
The maximum principal stress in PSHELL PID 1

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRESP1
99
SS11
STRESS
PSHELL
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRESP1
99
SS11
STRESS
PSHELL
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
or
798
(6)
(7)
(8)
SMP1

(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering
The maximum principal stress in elements 2001-2004

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRESP1
88
SS11
STRESS
ELEM
2002
2003
2004
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2001
The combined mass of PSHELL PID 2, 4, 7

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRESP1
77
TMASS
MASS
PSHELL
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SUM
(10)
Field
Contents
ID
Response identification number. Each DRESP1 card must have a unique ID.
LABEL
User-defined name for the response.

RTYPE
Type of response that is defined mass, volume, freq, disp, stress, etc.
No default (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for full list of
response types)
PTYPE
If a property response, then PTYPE is the property type, for example,

PSHELL. It is used in conjunction with ATT1 to identify the unique
property. If an element response, then PTYPE = ELEM. It is used in
conjunction with ATTi to identify the element IDs. For material responses,
PTYPE is MAT and ATTi are material IDs. For grid responses, PTYPE is blank
and ATTi are grid IDs. (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for
further information).
No default (ELEM, MAT, PSHELL, PCOMP, PCOMPG, PLY, PROD, PSOLID,
PELAS, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PFBODY, MBREQM, MBREQE, or
blank)
Altair Engineering

799
Field
Contents
REGION
Region identifier.
Default = blank (Integer > 0 or blank, See comment 2)
ATTA,
ATTB
The attributes of a response where further definition is required.

No default (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for further
information)
ATTi
PID, MID, EID, MBREQM ID, MBREQE ID, PFBODY ID or Grid ID as referenced
by PTYPE and RTYPE. (See Responses and attributes for DRESP1 card for
further information).
EXCL
EXCL flag indicating that IDs of elements excluded from the response
follow.
EIDi
Element ID. For these elements, no response will be generated.

EXTN
EXTN flag indicating that extended attribute definition follows. RANDID is

currently supported as an extended attribute definition and is the RANDPS
ID to which the response applies. See comments 30 and 31.
Responses and Attributes

Center of Gravity and Moment of Inertia Item Codes
Static Stress/Strain Item Codes
Static Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using PBARL, PBEAML Properties
Static Stress/Strain Item Codes for Composites
Static Failure Item Codes for Composites
Static Force Item Codes
Frequency Response Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Item Codes
Frequency Response Pressure Item Codes
Frequency Response Stress/Strain Item Codes
Frequency Response Force Item Codes
PSD/RMS Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Item Codes
PSD/RMS Pressure Item Codes
PSD/RMS Stress/Strain Item Codes
MBD Displacement Item Codes
800

Altair Engineering
MBD Velocity/Acceleration Item Codes

MBD Force Item Codes
Comments
1.
VOLFRAC is equivalent to MATFRAC in previous versions of OptiStruct. MATFRAC is still

supported.
2.
Responses of the same RTYPE with the same region identifier are grouped together into
the same region. If the region identifier is blank, elements identified by an ATTi field
(when PTYPE = ELEM) are grouped together into the same region, but for properties or
materials, each property or material identified by an ATTi field will form its own region.
Refer to the User's Guide section Constraint Screening for a more detailed explanation.
For composite responses (RTYPE = CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, CFAILURE; PTYPE = PCOMP,
PCOMPG), each ply is given its own region. However, if a region identifier is defined
explicitly for the entire lay-up (ATTB=ALL), this region identifier applies to all plies. It is
not recommended to do this.
3.
DRESP1 entries must have unique identification numbers with respect to DRESP2 and
DRESP3 entries.
4.
In normal modes analysis, the frequencies are in Hz (cycles/time).
5.
The total displacement can be requested using ATTA=7; the total rotation using ATTA=8.
6.
PTYPE = PCOMP, PCOMPG can be selected for RTYPE = STRESS or RTYPE = STRAIN, in
which case homogenized stresses or strains are used. RTYPE = CSTRESS or RTYPE =
CSTRAIN should be used instead for composite responses.
7.
Stresses are element stresses. For CBAR, CBEAM, stresses are normal (axial) stresses for
the element.
8.
VOLFRAC and MASSFRAC can only be applied to topology design domains. OptiStruct will
terminate with an error if this is not the case.
9.
MASS, MASSFRAC, COG and INERTIA responses are not available for PBUSH, PDAMP,
PELAS, PGAP, PVISC, and PWELD.
10. VOLUME and VOLFRAC responses are not available for CONM2, PDAMP, PELAS, PGAP,
PMASS, and PVISC.
11. The VOLUME of a single CWELD element is 1.0. The response then is the number of
welds.
12. WCOMP, WFREQ, COMB require the definition of WEIGHT and/or MODEWEIGHT subcase
commands. If WEIGHT or MODEWEIGHT are not defined, the following defaults apply:
RTYPE
Applicable subcase commands Default
WCOMP
WEIGHT in static subcases
WEIGHT = 1.0 for all static subcases.
WFREQ
MODEWEIGHT in normal modes

subcase
MODEWEIGHT (1) = 1.0 in most cases for

topology optimization.
Altair Engineering

801
RTYPE
Applicable subcase commands Default

MODEWEIGHT (7) = 1.0 if no SPC is
defined for the subcase, EIGRL does not
define a V1 > 0.0, and it is solving for
more than 6 modes or all modes below an
upper bound.
COMB
WEIGHT in static subcases
WEIGHT = 1.0 for all static subcases.
MODEWEIGHT in normal modes

subcase
13. CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, and CFAILURE are only available for PCOMP, PCOMPG.
ATTB = # refers to a ply on a PCOMP.
Example: DRESP1, 12, PLY23, CSTRESS, PCOMP, SMAP, 23, 43.
ATTB = G# refers to a global ply on a PCOMPG.
Example: DRESP1, 12, GLOBAL11, CFAILURE, PCOMPG, HILL, G11, 17.
ATTB must be blank for PLY response type.
14. STRAIN responses not applicable for CELAS.
15. Composite Stress/Strain item codes S1Z and S2Z for Shear-1Z and Shear-2Z are for
CSTRESS only, these are not available for CSTRAIN.
16. Lower bound constraints are not allowed on von Mises stress.
17. LABEL must begin with an alphabetical character.
18. Responses that do not exist are ignored, and a warning is issued.
19. EXCL only applies to RTYPE = STRESS, STRAIN, FORCE, CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, CFAILURE,
FRSTRS, FRSTRN, and FRFORC response types.
20. For RTYPE = MASS, MASSFRAC, VOLUME, VOLFRAC, COG, INERTIA, BEADFRAC, and
COMP; ATTi can only be blank if PTYPE is also blank. ATTi blank means that all relevant
entities are included. They all belong to the same region for constraint screening.
21. For RTYPE=STRESS, STRAIN, FORCE, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, and
CFAILURE; ATTi can only be blank if PTYPE is a property type (not allowed when PTYPE is
"ELEM"). ATTi blank means that all entities of the defined PTYPE are selected.
22. For RTYPE = MASS, MASSFRAC, MBMASS, VOLUME, VOLFRAC, COG, MBCOG, INERTIA,
MBINER, COMP, and BEADFRAC; ATTB = COMB results in the creation of a single response
for the combination of all ATTi entities.
23. For RTYPE=MASS, MBMASS, VOLUME, MBCOG, MBINER, COMP, MASSFRAC, and VOLFRAC;
ATTB=SUM is the same as ATTB=COMB.
24. For RTYPE = FRDISP, FRVELO, FRACCL, FRSTRS, FRSTRN, FRFORC, FRERP, PSDDISP,
PSDVELO, PSDACCL, and PSDPRES the following functions can be applied through the
character input on ATTB. The formulas are applied across all loading frequencies. The
use of MAX can be very inefficient computationally and it is better to leave ATTB blank
and let constraint screening take care of it.
802

Altair Engineering
Function
Description
SUM
Sum of arguments
AVG
SSQ
RSS

arguments
MAX
MIN
SUMABS
Sum of absolute value of

arguments
AVGABS

arguments
MAXABS
MINABS

arguments
Formula
25. For RTYPE = INERTIA, the Moment of Inertia is with reference to the center of gravity.
The Moment of Inertia of the whole model is referred to the center of gravity of the whole
model. The Moment of Inertia of each property or material is referred to the center of
gravity of that property or material.
26. For acoustic optimization, pressure responses are defined using RTYPE=FRPRES; however,
it is acceptable to define a pressure response on a fluid grid as RTYPE=FRDISP with ATTA
as one of M-TX, R-TX or I-TX, internally it will be converted to FRPRES (with M-TX/R-TX/
I-TX interpreted as M-PRES/R-PRES/I-PRES). Likewise, RTYPE=PSDDISP or RMSDISP are
accepted in place of PSDPRES or RMSPRES, respectively.
27. For RTYPE = MBDIS, MBVEL, MBACC, or MBFRC, the PTYPE must be MBREQM. These four
response types must be defined using MARKERs, and requested by MBREQM. For RTYPE =
MBEXPR, the PTYPE must be MBREQE. The response must be requested by MBREQE. For
Altair Engineering

803
RTYPE = MBMASS, MBCOG, or MBINER, the PTYPE must be PFBODY.

28. MBREQE referenced in DRESP1 must have single expression although MBREQE allows up to
6 expressions for analysis output.
29. MBD system level responses must be scalar quantities. Thus, THE ATTB field must have
one of the following - MAX, MIN, MAXABS, or MINABS so that time dependent vectors can
be converted to scalar quantities.
30. Legacy data with RANDPS ID defined on the PTYPE or ATTB entry is also supported.
31. A blank field for RANDID on the EXTN extended attributes entry indicates that all RANDPS
cards in the input file will be used.
32. Cluster Size represents the number of elements around the specified element whose
stress contributions are included in the calculation of the individual elements stress
contribution. The contributions of the elements in the cluster are weighted based on their
distance to the center of the cluster (Available for Shell and Solid elements). Weighting
element stress contributions using Cluster Size is generally useful in models with stress
gradients or stress concentrations in the design space. If the stress distribution within
the selected element cluster is uniform, there may not be any significant difference in the
stress response. A separate result type Element Stress Cluster is available in the
_s#.h3d file and stress results based on element cluster response(s) can be viewed in
HyperView by selecting Element Stresses Cluster in the Result type: drop-down menu.
33. This card is represented as an optimization response in HyperMesh.
804

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - Responses and Attributes

Response
s
RTYPE
PTYPE
ATTA
ATTB
ATTi
EXTN
MASS
PTYPE,
"MAT", or
blank
COMB**, SUM
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
Fraction of MASSFR PTYPE,

mass
AC
"MAT", or
blank
COMB**, SUM,
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
Volume
Mass
VOLUME
PTYPE,
"MAT", or
blank
COMB**, SUM
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
Fraction of VOLFRA
design
C
volume
PTYPE,
"MAT", or
blank
COMB**, SUM,
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
Center of
Gravity
PTYPE,
"MAT", or
blank
Center of
Gravity item
code
COMB**
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
Moment of INERTIA PTYPE,

Inertia
"MAT", or
blank
Moment of
Inertia item
code
COMB**
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
COG
Complianc
e of a
static
subcase
COMP
PTYPE,
"MAT", or
blank
COMB**, SUM
or blank
PID, MID or
blank*
Static
displaceme
nt
DISP
Static
displacement
Component
Grid ID
Mode
shape
DISP
Component
Mode #
Grid ID
Frequency
of a
normal
mode
FREQ
Normal mode #
Altair Engineering

805
Response
s
RTYPE
PTYPE
ATTA
ATTB
ATTi
EXTN
LAMA
Buckling mode
#
Static
STRESS
stress of
homogeno
us material
PTYPE or
"ELEM"
Static stress
item code
Cluster Size
****** or
blank
PID, EID
or blank***
Static
STRAIN
strain of
homogeno
us material
PTYPE or
"ELEM"
Static strain
item code
PID, EID
or blank***
Static
stress in a
composite
lay-up
CSTRES "PCOMP",
S
"PCOMPG"
, "PLY",
or "ELEM"
Composite
Stress item
code
ALL, Ply No.

or G#****
(Default = 1)
or blank*****
PID, EID, Ply

ID,
or blank***
Static
strain in a
composite
lay-up
CSTRAI "PCOMP",
N
"PCOMPG"
, "PLY",
or "ELEM"
Composite
Strain item
code
ALL, Ply No.

or G#****
(Default = 1)
or blank*****
PID, EID, Ply

ID,
or blank***
Static
failure in a
composite
lay-up
CFAILU
RE
"PCOMP",
"PCOMPG"
, "PLY",
or "ELEM"
Composite
Failure item
code
ALL, Ply No.

or G#****
(Default = 1)
or blank*****
PID, EID, Ply

ID,
or blank***
Static
force
FORCE
PTYPE or
"ELEM"
Static force
item code
PID, EID
or blank***
Frequency
response
displaceme
nt
FRDISP
Frequency
Response
displacement
component
Frequency Value.
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
Grid ID
Frequency
response
velocity
FRVELO
Frequency
Response
velocity
component
Frequency Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
Grid ID
Eigenvalue
of a
buckling
mode
806

Altair Engineering
Response
s
RTYPE
Frequency FRACCL
response
acceleratio
n
PTYPE
ATTA
ATTB
ATTi
EXTN
Frequency
Response
acceleration
component
Frequency Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
Grid ID
Frequency
response
stress
FRSTRS
PTYPE
or
"ELEM"
Frequency
Response
Stress item
code
Frequency Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
PID, EID
or blank***
Frequency
response
strain
FRSTRN
PTYPE
or
"ELEM"
Frequency
Response
Strain item
code
Frequency Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or
Character)
PID, EID
or blank***
Frequency
response
force
FRFORC
PTYPE
or
"ELEM"
Frequency
Response
Force item
code
Frequency Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
PID, EID
or blank***
Frequency
response
equivalent
radiated
power
FRERP
Frequency Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
Panel ID
FRPRES
M-PRES, RPRES or IPRES
Frequency Value.
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or Character)
Grid ID
PSD
PSDDIS
displaceme
P
nt
PSD/RMS item Frequency Value.

(Blank, Real >
code
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
PSD
velocity
PSDVEL
O
PSD/RMS item
(Blank, Real >
code
0.0 or Character)
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
PSD
PSDACC
acceleratio
L
n
PSD/RMS item Frequency Value.

(Blank, Real >
code
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
PSD stress PSDSTR

S
PTYPE
or
PID, EID
or blank***
RANDPS
ID
Acoustic
pressure
Altair Engineering
0.0 or Character)
Frequency Value.
0.0 or Character)
PSD/RMS item
code
Frequency
Value

807
Response
s
RTYPE
PTYPE
ATTA
"ELEM"
ATTB
ATTi
EXTN
(Blank, Real >

0.0 or
Character)
PSD strain
PSDSTR
N
PTYPE
or
"ELEM"
PSD/RMS item
code
Frequency
Value
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or
Character)
PID, EID
or blank***
RANDPS
ID
PSD
pressure
PSDPRE
S
PRES
Frequency
Value.
(Blank, Real >
0.0 or
Character)
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
RMS
RMSDIS
displaceme
P
nt
PSD/RMS item
code
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
RMS
velocity
RMSVEL
O
PSD/RMS item
code
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
RMS
acceleratio
n
RMSAC
CL
PSD/RMS item
code
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
RMS stress RMSSTR

S
PTYPE
or
"ELEM"
PSD/RMS item
code
PID, EID
or blank***
RANDPS
ID
RMS strain RMSSTR

N
PTYPE
or
"ELEM"
PSD/RMS item
code
PID, EID
or blank***
RANDPS
ID
RMSPRE
S
PRES
GRID ID
RANDPS
ID
Static
WCOMP
compliance
weighted
across all
RMS
pressure
808

Altair Engineering
Response
s
RTYPE
PTYPE
ATTA
ATTB
ATTi
EXTN
Frequency
weighted
across
reciprocal
eigenvalue
s
WFREQ
Combined
static
compliance
and
frequency
index
(Combined
Complianc
e Index)
COMB
Bead
discretene
ss fraction
for
topograph
y design
space
(0.0 <
BEADFRAC
< 1.0)
BEADFR
AC
COMB** or
blank
DTPGID
or blank*
MBD
displaceme
nt
MBDIS
MBREQM
MBD
Displacement
item code
MAX, MIN,
MAXABS,
MINABS
MBREQM ID
MBD
velocity
MBVEL
MBREQM
MBD Velocity
item code
MAX, MIN,
MAXABS,
MINABS
MBREQM ID
MBD
acceleratio
n
MBACC
MBREQM
MBD
Acceleration
item code
MAX, MIN,
MAXABS,
MINABS
MBREQM ID
MBD force
MBFRC
MBREQM
MBD Force
MAX, MIN,
MBREQM ID
subcases
Altair Engineering

809
Response
s
RTYPE
PTYPE
ATTA
ATTB
item code
MAXABS,
MINABS
ATTi
EXTN
MBD
expression
MBEXPR
MBREQE
MBREQE ID
Mass of
flexible
body
MBMAS
S
PFBODY
COMB, SUM or
blank
PFBODY ID
Center of
gravity of
flexible
body
MBCOG
PFBODY
Center of
Gravity item
code
COMB, SUM or
blank
PFBODY ID
Moment of
inertia of
flexible
body
MBINER
PFBODY
Moment of
Inertia item
code
COMB, SUM or
blank
PFBODY ID
Fatigue
results
FATIGU
E
PTYPE or
"ELEM"
LIFE, DAMAGE
or FOS
PID, EID or
blank***
TEMP
Grid ID
SPCFOR
CE
Grid ID
GPFORC
E
Grid ID
EID
Temperatu
re
SPC
Forces
(Reaction
forces/
moments)
Grid point
force
balance
results
Component ID
(1-6)
Degrees of
Freedom
Component ID
(1-6)
Degrees of
Freedom
ATTi can only be blank when PTYPE is also blank, and means that all relevant
entities will be included. See comment 20 on the DRESP1 page.
**
ATTB = COMB Response represents a single response for the combination of all
810

Altair Engineering
Response
s
RTYPE
PTYPE
ATTA
ATTB
ATTi
EXTN
ATTi entities. See comment 22 on the DRESP1 page.

***
ATTi can only be blank when a property type is defined in the PTYPE field (not
allowed for "ELEM"), and means that all entities of the defined property type will
be selected. See comment 21 on the DRESP1 page.
****
ATTB = G# # is the number of the global ply defined on a PCOMPG. See

comment 13 on the DRESP1 page.
*****
ATTB must be Blank for PLY response type. See comment 13 on the DRESP1
page.
******
ATTB = Cluster Size represents the number of elements in a cluster for which
Stress Constraints need to be defined. See comment 32 on the DRESP1 page.
Altair Engineering

811
DRESP1 - Static Stress/Strain Item Codes

Element
Stress/Strain Item
ASCII Code
Number Code *
CELAS
Stress/Strain
CROD
Both ends
SAB
End A
SA
End B
SB
All stresses/strains
SALL
End A pt. C
SAC
End A pt. D
SAD
End A pt. E
SAE
End A pt. F
SAF
End B pt. C
SBC
10
End B pt. D
SBD
11
End B pt. E
SBE
12
End B pt. F
SBF
13
Max end A
SAMAX
Max end B
SBMAX
14
CBAR**
812

Altair Engineering
CBEAM**
All stresses/strains
SALL
End A pt. C
SAC
End A pt. D
SAD
End A pt. E
SAE
End A pt. F
SAF
End B pt. C
SBC
104
End B pt. D
SBD
105
End B pt. E
SBE
106
End B pt. F
SBF
107
Max end A
SAMAX
Max end B
SBMAX
108
CSHEAR
All Solid
elements
Maximum Shear
SHMAX
Average Shear
SHAVG
Safety Margin
SHMRG
von Mises
SVM
Max Principal Stress
SMP
Major Principal
SMAP
Mid Principal
SMDP
16
Altair Engineering
13

813
All Shell
elements
814
Minor Principal
SMIP
22
Normal X
SXX
Normal Y
SYY
14
Normal Z
SZZ
20
Shear XY
SXY
Shear YZ
SYZ
15
Shear XZ
SXZ
21
Equivalent Plastic Strain
PLAS
von Mises both surfaces
SVMB
Major Principal both

surfaces
SMPB
von Mises 1
SVM1
von Mises 2
SVM2
17
Major Principal 1
SMP1
Major Principal 2
SMP2
15
Minor Principal both

surfaces
SMIPB
Minor Principal 1
SMIP1
Minor Principal 2
SMIP2
16
Normal X both surfaces
SXB

Altair Engineering
Normal X 1
SX1
Normal X 2
SX2
11
Normal Y both surfaces
SYB
Normal Y 1
SY1
Normal Y 2
SY2
12
Shear XY both surfaces
SXYB
Shear XY 1
SXY1
Shear XY 2
SXY2
13
Equivalent Plastic Strain

both surfaces
PLASB
Equivalent Plastic Strain 1
PLAS1
Equivalent Plastic Strain 2
PLAS2
*OptiStruct provides partial support for Nastran item codes. Since Nastran response items
are not fully compatible with those used in OptiStruct, it is recommended that the OptiStruct
ASCII item codes be used.
**For Bar elements that reference PBARL, PBEAML, it is recommended that the special stress
item codes listed under Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using PBARL, PBEAML Properties be
used. Stress/strain items listed here for CBAR, CBEAM elements using PBAR, PBEAM, PBARL, or
PBEAML properties include only normal stress/strain.
Altair Engineering

815
DRESP1 - Static Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using

PBARL, PBEAML Properties
The evaluation stresses (normal, shear, and von Mises) for each bar element are listed in the
links provided below. The shear stress includes torsion and shear.
Bar Element Types
BAR element type
C ross-sectional dimensions and stress constraint evaluation points
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
816

Altair Engineering
SNMAX
S8S
S8V
SSMAX
SVMAX
BOX element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S1N
S1S
S1V
S2N
S2S
S2V
S3N
S3S
S3V
S4N
S4S
S4V
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
Altair Engineering

817
Normal Stress
SNMAX
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
S10S
S10V
S11S
S11V
S12S
S12V
SSMAX
SVMAX
Several stress recovery points are coincident (for example, 1 and 5, 2 and 6). In these
cases, the lower number refers to stress recovered in the xy plane and the higher number
refers to stress recovered in the xz plane.
BOX1 element type
818

Altair Engineering
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S1N
S1S
S1V
S2N
S2S
S2V
S3N
S3S
S3V
S4N
S4S
S4V
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
S10S
S10V
S11S
S11V
S12S
S12V
SSMAX
SVMAX
SNMAX
CHAN element type
Altair Engineering

819
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
SSMAX
SVMAX
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
820

Altair Engineering

CHAN1 element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
Altair Engineering
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
SSMAX
SVMAX

821
CHAN2 element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
822

Altair Engineering
SNMAX
SSMAX
SVMAX
CROSS element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S1N
S1V
S2N
S2V
S3N
S3V
S4N
S4V
Altair Engineering
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V

823
SNMAX
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
SSMAX
SVMAX
H element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
824

Altair Engineering
SNMAX
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
SSMAX
SVMAX
HAT element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
Altair Engineering

825
SNMAX
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
S10S
S10V
S11S
S11V
S12S
S12V
S13S
S13V
S14S
S14V
S15S
S15V
SSMAX
SVMAX
I element type
826

Altair Engineering
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
SSMAX
SVMAX
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
Altair Engineering

827
I1 element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
828

Altair Engineering
SNMAX
SSMAX
SVMAX
L element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
Altair Engineering

829
SNMAX
SSMAX
SVMAX
ROD element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
S1N
S1S
S2N
S2S
S3N
S3S
S4N
S4S
von Mises Stress
S5V
The location of point 5 will be determined by varying the
the maximum von Mises stress.
830
from 0 to 360 degrees to find

Altair Engineering
T element type
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
SSMAX
SVMAX
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
T1 element type
Altair Engineering

831
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
SSMAX
SVMAX
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
T2 element type
832

Altair Engineering
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
SSMAX
SVMAX
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
TUBE element type
Altair Engineering

833
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
S1N
S1S
S2N
S2S
S3N
S3S
S4N
S4S
von Mises Stress
S5V
The location of point 5 will be determined by varying the
the maximum von Mises stress.
from 0 to 360 degrees to find
Z element type
834

Altair Engineering
Evaluation Stresses
Normal Stress
Shear Stress
von Mises Stress
S5S
S5V
S6S
S6V
S7S
S7V
S8S
S8V
S9S
S9V
SSMAX
SVMAX
S1N
S2N
S3N
S4N
SNMAX
Altair Engineering

835
836

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - Frequency Response Force Item Codes

Element
Response
Component ASCII code Number code*
CELAS
Force
Real
R-F
Imaginary
I-F
Magnitude
M-F
Phase
P-F
Real
R-FA
Imaginary
I-FA
Magnitude
M-FA
Phase
P-FA
Real
R-FA
Imaginary
I-FA
Magnitude
M-FA
Phase
P-FA
Real
R-FB
Imaginary
I-FB
Magnitude
M-FB
Phase
P-FB
Real
R-FA
Imaginary
I-FA
CDAMP
CVISC
Force
Axial force
Torque
CROD
Force at end A
Altair Engineering

837
Force at end B
CBAR/
CBEAM
Bending at end A
plane 1
Bending at end A
plane 2
Bending at end B
plane 1
Bending at end B
plane 2
838
Magnitude
M-FA
Phase
P-FA
Real
R-FB
Imaginary
I-FB
Magnitude
M-FB
Phase
P-FB
Real
R-MA1
Imaginary
I-MA1
10
Magnitude
M-MA1
Phase
P-MA1
10
Real
R-MA2
Imaginary
I-MA2
11
Magnitude
M-MA2
Phase
P-MA2
11
Real
R-MB1
Imaginary
I-MB1
12
Magnitude
M-MB1
Phase
P-MB1
12
Real
R-MB2
Imaginary
I-MB2
13
Magnitude
M-MB2
Phase
P-MB2
13

Altair Engineering
Shear at end A
plane 1
Shear at end A
plane 2
Real
R-SA1
Imaginary
I-SA1
14
Magnitude
M-SA1
Phase
P-SA1
14
Real
R-SA2
Imaginary
I-SA2
15
Magnitude
M-SA2
Phase
P-SA2
15
R-FA
Imaginary
I-FA
16
Magnitude
M-FA
Phase
P-FA
16
Real
R-TA
Imaginary
I-TA
17
Magnitude
M-TA
Phase
P-TA
17
Real
R-SB1
Imaginary
I-SB1
Magnitude
M-SB1
Phase
P-SB1
Real
R-SB2
Imaginary
I-SB2
Axial force at end A Real
Torque at end A
Shear at end B
plane 1
Shear at end B
plane 2
Altair Engineering

839
Magnitude
M-SB2
Phase
P-SB2
Axial force at end B Real
Torque at end B
CBUSH
Force X
Force Y
Force Z
840
R-FB
Imaginary
I-FB
Magnitude
M-FB
Phase
P-FB
Real
R-TB
Imaginary
I-TB
Magnitude
M-TB
Phase
P-TB
Real
R-FX
Imaginary
I-FX
Magnitude
M-FX
Phase
P-FX
Real
R-FY
Imaginary
I-FY
Magnitude
M-FY
Phase
P-FY
Real
R-FZ
Imaginary
I-FZ
10
Magnitude
M-FZ
Phase
P-FZ
10

Altair Engineering
Moment X
Moment Y
Moment Z
CSHEAR
Force 4 to 1
Force 2 to 1
Force 1 to 2
Altair Engineering
Real
R-MX
Imaginary
I-MX
11
Magnitude
M-MX
Phase
P-MX
11
Real
R-MY
Imaginary
I-MY
12
Magnitude
M-MY
Phase
P-MY
12
Real
R-MZ
Imaginary
I-MZ
13
Magnitude
M-MZ
Phase
P-MZ
13
Real
R-F41
Imaginary
I-F41
10
Magnitude
M-F41
Phase
P-F41
10
Real
R-F21
Imaginary
I-F21
11
Magnitude
M-F21
Phase
R-F21
11
Real
R-F12
Imaginary
I-F12
12

841
Force 3 to 2
Force 2 to 3
Force 4 to 3
Force 3 to 4
Force 1 to 4
Kick Force on 1
842
Magnitude
M-F12
Phase
P-F12
12
Real
I-F32
Imaginary
I-F32
13
Magnitude
M-F32
Phase
P-F32
13
Real
R-F23
Imaginary
I-F23
14
Magnitude
M-F23
Phase
P-F23
14
Real
R-F43
Imaginary
I-F43
15
Magnitude
M-F43
Phase
P-F43
15
Real
R-F34
Imaginary
I-F34
16
Magnitude
M-F34
Phase
P-F34
16
Real
R-F14
Imaginary
I-F14
17
Magnitude
M-F14
Phase
P-F14
17
Real
R-KF1
18

Altair Engineering
Shear Flow 12
Kick Force on 2
All Shell
Elements
Membrane force X
Membrane force Y
Membrane shear
force XY
Altair Engineering
Imaginary
I-KF1
26
Magnitude
M-KF1
18
Phase
P-KF1
26
Real
R-SH12
19
Imaginary
I-SH12
27
Magnitude
M-SH12
19
Phase
P-SH12
27
Real
R-KF2
20
Imaginary
I-KF2
28
Magnitude
M-KF2
20
Phase
P-KF2
28
Real
R-NX
Imaginary
I-NX
10
Magnitude
M-NX
Phase
P-NX
10
Real
R-NY
Imaginary
I-NY
11
Magnitude
M-NY
Phase
P-NY
11
Real
R-NXY
Imaginary
I-NXY
12
Magnitude
M-NXY

843
Phase
P-NXY
12
R-MX
Imaginary
I-MX
13
Magnitude
M-MX
Phase
P-MX
13
R-MY
Imaginary
I-MY
14
Magnitude
M-MY
Phase
P-MY
14
Real
R-MXY
Imaginary
I-MXY
15
Magnitude
M-MXY
Phase
P-MXY
15
Real
R-SXZ
Imaginary
I-SXZ
16
Magnitude
M-SXZ
Phase
P-SXZ
16
Real
R-SYZ
Imaginary
I-SYZ
17
Magnitude
M-SYZ
Phase
P-SYZ
17
Bending Moment X Real
Bending Moment Y Real
Twisting moment
XY
Transverse shear
XZ
Transverse shear
YZ
844

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - Frequency Response Stress/Strain Item Codes

Element
Stress/Strain
Item
Component
ASCII code Number code*
CELAS
Stress/Strain
Real
R-S
Imaginary
I-S
Magnitude
M-S
Phase
P-S
Real
R-SAB
Imaginary
I-SAB
Magnitude
M-SAB
Phase
P-SAB
Real
R-SA
Imaginary
I-SA
Magnitude
M-SA
Phase
P-SA
Real
R-SB
Imaginary
I-SB
Magnitude
M-SB
Phase
P-SB
Real
R-SALL
Imaginary
I-SALL
Magnitude
M-SALL
Phase
P-SALL
CROD
Both ends
End A
End B
CBAR
All Stresses/
Strains
Altair Engineering

845
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
Component
End A point C
Real
R-SAC
Imaginary
I-SAC
Magnitude
M-SAC
Phase
P-SAC
Real
R-SAD
Imaginary
I-SAD
Magnitude
M-SAD
Phase
P-SAD
Real
R-SAE
Imaginary
I-SAE
Magnitude
M-SAE
Phase
P-SAE
Real
R-SAF
Imaginary
I-SAF
10
Magnitude
M-SAF
Phase
P-SAF
10
Real
R-SBC
12
Imaginary
I-SBC
16
Magnitude
M-SBC
12
Phase
P-SBC
16
Real
R-SBD
13
End A point D
End A point E
End A point F
End B point C
End B point D
846

Altair Engineering
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
End B point E
End B point F
Maximum at end
A
Maximum at end
B
CBEAM
All Stresses/
Strains
Altair Engineering
Component
Imaginary
I-SBD
17
Magnitude
M-SBD
13
Phase
P-SBD
17
Real
R-SBE
14
Imaginary
I-SBE
18
Magnitude
M-SBE
14
Phase
P-SBE
18
Real
R-SBF
15
Imaginary
I-SBF
19
Magnitude
M-SBF
15
Phase
P-SBF
19
Real
R-SAMAX
Imaginary
I-SAMAX
Magnitude
M-SAMAX
Phase
P-SAMAX
Real
R-SBMAX
Imaginary
I-SBMAS
Magnitude
M-SBMAX
Phase
P-SBMAX
Real
R-SALL
Imaginary
I-SALL

847
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
End A point C
End A point D
End A point E
End A point F
End B point C
848
Component
Magnitude
M-SALL
Phase
P-SALL
Real
R-SAC
Imaginary
I-SAC
Magnitude
M-SAC
Phase
P-SAC
Real
R-SAD
Imaginary
I-SAD
Magnitude
M-SAD
Phase
P-SAD
Real
R-SAE
Imaginary
I-SAE
10
Magnitude
M-SAE
Phase
P-SAE
10
Real
R-SAF
Imaginary
I-SAF
11
Magnitude
M-SAF
Phase
P-SAF
11
Real
R-SBC
104
Imaginary
I-SBC
108
Magnitude
M-SBC
104

Altair Engineering
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
End B point D
End B point E
End B point F
Maximum at end
A
Maximum at end
B
Altair Engineering
Component
Phase
P-SBC
108
Real
R-SBD
105
Imaginary
I-SBD
109
Magnitude
M-SBD
105
Phase
P-SBD
109
Real
R-SBE
106
Imaginary
I-SBE
110
Magnitude
M-SBE
106
Phase
P-SBE
110
Real
R-SBF
107
Imaginary
I-SBF
111
Magnitude
M-SBF
107
Phase
P-SBF
111
Real
R-SAMAX
Imaginary
I-SAMAX
Magnitude
M-SAMAX
Phase
P-SAMAX
Real
R-SBMAX
Imaginary
I-SBMAX
Magnitude
M-SBMAX
Phase
P-SBMAX

849
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
Component
CSHEAR
Maximum Shear
Real
R-SHMAX
Imaginary
I-SHMAX
Magnitude
M-SHMAX
Phase
P-SHMAX
Real
R-SHAVG
Imaginary
I-SHAVG
Magnitude
M-SHAVG
Phase
P-SHAVG
Real
R-SXX
Imaginary
I-SXX
12
Magnitude
M-SXX
Phase
P-SXX
12
Real
R-SYY
Imaginary
I-SYY
13
Magnitude
M-SYY
Phase
P-SYY
13
Real
R-SZZ
Imaginary
I-SZZ
14
Magnitude
M-SZZ
Phase
P-SZZ
14
Average Shear
All Solid
Elements
Normal X
Normal Y
Normal Z
850

Altair Engineering
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
Component
Shear XY
Real
R-SXY
Imaginary
I-SXY
15
Magnitude
M-SXY
Phase
P-SXY
15
Real
R-SYZ
10
Imaginary
I-SYZ
16
Magnitude
M-SYZ
10
Phase
P-SYZ
16
Real
R-SXZ
11
Imaginary
I-SXZ
17
Magnitude
M-SXZ
11
Phase
P-SXZ
17
SVM
Shear YZ
Shear XZ
von Mises
All Shell
Elements
Normal X at both Real

surfaces
Imaginary
Normal X at Z1
Altair Engineering
R-SXB
I-SXB
Magnitude
M-SXB
Phase
P-SXB
Real
R-SX1
Imaginary
I-SX1
Magnitude
M-SX1
Phase
P-SX1

851
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
Component
Normal X at Z2
Real
R-SX2
10
Imaginary
I-SX2
11
Magnitude
M-SX2
10
Phase
P-SX2
11
Normal Y at both Real

surfaces
Imaginary
Normal Y at Z1
Normal Y at Z2
852
I-SYB
Magnitude
M-SYB
Phase
P-SYB
Real
R-SY1
Imaginary
I-SY1
Magnitude
M-SY1
Phase
P-SY1
Real
R-SY2
12
Imaginary
I-SY2
13
Magnitude
M-SY2
12
Phase
P-SY2
13
Shear XY at both Real

surfaces
Imaginary
Shear XY at Z1
R-SYB
R-SXYB
I-SXYB
Magnitude
M-SXYB
Phase
P-SXYB
Real
R-SXY1

Altair Engineering
Element
Stress/Strain
Item
Component
Imaginary
I-SXY1
Magnitude
M-SXY1
Phase
P-SXY1
Real
R-SXY2
14
Imaginary
I-SXY2
15
Magnitude
M-SXY2
14
Phase
P-SXY2
15
von Mises at Z1
SVM1
von Mises at Z2
SVM2
von Mises
SVMB
Shear XY at Z2
* OptiStruct provides partial support for Nastran item codes. Since Nastran response items
Altair Engineering

853
DRESP1 - Frequency Response Displacement, Velocity,

and Acceleration Item Codes
Response
Component
Translation X
Real
R-TX
Imaginary
I-TX
Magnitude
M-TX
Phase
P-TX
Real
R-TY
Imaginary
I-TY
Magnitude
M-TY
Phase
P-TY
Real
R-TZ
Imaginary
I-TZ
Magnitude
M-TZ
Phase
P-TZ
Real
R-RX
Imaginary
I-RX
10
Magnitude
M-RX
Phase
P-RX
10
Real
R-RY
Imaginary
I-RY
11
Magnitude
M-RY
Phase
P-RY
11
Translation Y
Translation Z
Rotation X
Rotation Y
854

Altair Engineering
Response
Component
Rotation Z
Real
R-RZ
Imaginary
I-RZ
12
Magnitude
M-RZ
Phase
P-RZ
12
Real
R-NORM
Imaginary
I-NORM
Magnitude
M-NORM
Phase
P-NORM
Normal
Altair Engineering

855
DRESP1 - Frequency Response Pressure Item Codes

Response
Component
Pressure
Real
R-PRES
Imaginary
I-PRES
Magnitude
M-PRES
Phase
P-PRES
856

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - Center of Gravity and Moments of Inertia Item

Codes
Center of Gravity
Component
ASCII Code
x-coordinate
y-coordinate
z-coordinate
Moments of Inertia
Component
ASCII Code
lxx
XX
lyy
YY
lzz
ZZ
lxy
XY
lxz
XZ
lyz
YZ
Altair Engineering

857
DRESP1 - Static Force Item Codes

Element
Force Item
ASCII Code
Number Code *
CELAS
Force
CROD
Force End A
FA
Force End B
FB
Bending End A Plane 1
MA1
MA2
Bending End B Plane 1
MB1
MB2
Shear End A Plane 1
SA1
Shear End A Plane 2
SA2
Axial Force End A
FA
Torque End A
TA
Shear End B Plane 1
SB1
Shear End B Plane 2
SB2
Axial Force End B
FB
Torque End B
TB
MA1
MA2
MB1
94
MB2
95
CBAR
CBEAM
858

Altair Engineering
Element
CBUSH
All Shell
Elements
Altair Engineering
Force Item
ASCII Code
Number Code *
Shear End A Plane 1
SA1
Shear End A Plane 2
SA2
Axial Force End A
FA
Torque End A
TA
Shear End B Plane 1
SB1
96
Shear End B Plane 2
SB2
97
Axial Force End B
FB
98
Torque End B
TB
99
Force-X
FX
Force-Y
FY
Force-Z
FZ
Moment-X
MX
Moment-Y
MY
Moment-Z
MZ
Membrane Force X
NX
Membrane Force Y
NY
Membrane Shear Force XY
NXY
Bending Moment X
MX
Bending Moment Y
MY

859
Element
CSHEAR
Force Item
ASCII Code
Number Code *
Twisting Moment XY
MXY
Transverse Shear XZ
SXZ
Transverse Shear YZ
SYZ
Force 4 to 1
F41
Force 2 to 1
F21
Force 1 to 2
F12
Force 3 to 2
F32
Force 2 to 3
F23
Force 4 to 3
F43
Force 3 to 4
F34
Force 1 to 4
F14
Kick Force on 1
KF1
10
Shear Flow 12
SH12
11
Kick Force on 2
KF2
12
Shear Flow 23
SH23
13
Kick Force on 3
KF3
14
Shear Flow 34
SH34
15
Kick Force on 4
KF4
16
Shear Flow 41
SH41
17
860

Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering

861
DRESP1 - Static Failure Item Codes for Composites

Theory
ASCII code
Hill
HILL
Hoffman
HOFF
Tsai-Wu
TSAI
Maximum Strain
STRN
862

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - Static Stress/Strain Item Codes for Composites
Stress Item
ASCII Code
Number code*
Normal - 1
S1
Normal - 2
S2
Shear - 12
S12
Shear - 1Z
S1Z
Shear - 2Z
S2Z
Maj. Principal
SMAP
Min. Principal
SMIP
10
OptiStruct provides partial support for Nastran item codes. Since Nastran response
items are not fully compatible with those used in OptiStruct, it is recommended to use
the OptiStruct ASCII item codes.
Strain Item
ASCII Code
Number Code*
Normal - 1
S1
Normal - 2
S2
Shear - 12
S12
Maj. Principal
SMAP
Min. Principal
SMIP
10
Altair Engineering

863
Thermal Strain Item
ASCII Code
Number Code*
Normal - 1
TS1
Normal - 2
TS2
Shear - 12
TS12
Maj. Principal
TSMAP
Min. Principal
TSMIP
Mechanical Strain Item
ASCII Code
Number Code*
Normal - 1
MS1
Normal - 2
MS2
Shear - 12
MS12
Maj. Principal
MSMAP
Min. Principal
MSMIP
864

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - MBD Displacement Item Codes

Displacement
ASCII code
Translational X
TX
Translational Y
TY
Translational Z
TZ
Rotational X
RX
Rotational Y
RY
Rotational Z
RZ
Translational
resultant
TXYZ
Altair Engineering

865
DRESP1 - MBD Velocity/Acceleration Item Codes

Vel/Acc
ASCII code
Translational X
TX
Translational Y
TY
Translational Z
TZ
Rotational X
RX
Rotational Y
RY
Rotational Z
RZ
Translational
resultant
TXYZ
Rotational
resultant
RXYZ
866

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 - MBD Force Item Codes

Force
ASCII code
Translational X
FX
Translational Y
FY
Translational Z
FZ
Rotational X
MX
Rotational Y
MY
Rotational Z
MZ
Translational
resultant
FXYZ
Rotational
resultant
MXYZ
Altair Engineering

867
DRESP1 PSD/RMS Displacement, Velocity, and

Acceleration Item Codes
Response
Translation X
TX
Translation Y
TY
Translation Z
TZ
Rotation X
RX
Rotation Y
RY
Rotation Z
RZ
868

Altair Engineering
DRESP1 PSD/RMS Pressure Item Codes

Response
ASCII code
Pressure
PRES
Altair Engineering

869
DRESP1 - PSD/RMS Stress/Strain Item Codes

All Solid elements
All Shell elements
870
Stress/Strain Item
ASCII code
Normal X
SXX
Normal Y
SYY
Normal Z
SZZ
Shear XY
SXY
Shear YZ
SYZ
Shear XZ
SXZ
Stress/Strain Item
ASCII code
Normal X both surfaces
SXB
Normal X 1
SX1
Normal X 2
SX2
Normal Y both surfaces
SYB
Normal Y 1
SY1
Normal Y 2
SY2
Shear XY both surfaces
SXYB
Shear XY 1
SXY1
Shear XY 2
SXY2

Altair Engineering
DRESP2
Bulk Data Entry
DRESP2 Design Response via Equations for Design Optimization
Description
When a desired response is not directly available from OptiStruct, it may be calculated using
DRESP2. This response can be a functional combination of any set of responses resulting from
the design analysis iteration. Responses defined in this manner can be used as design
objectives or constraints. The DRESP2 card identifies the equation to use for the response
relationship and the input values to evaluate the response function.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRESP2
ID
LABEL
EQID
or
FUNC
REGION
DRESPM
RID1
MODEL
NAME1
VARTYPE1
ID1
VARTYPE2
...
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RID2
MODEL
NAME2
...
...
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
...
...
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
(10)
Example 1
Define a response labeled FUNC1 that references equation #999, where DESVAR #11 is the
first variable, the DTABLE entry PI is the second variable, DRESP1 #1 is the third variable,
the Y location of grid #11 is the forth variable and the DVPREL1 #22 is the fifth variable.
(1)
(2)
Altair Engineering
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)

(10)
871
DRESP2
10
FUNC 1
DESVAR
11
DTABLE
PI
DRESP1
DGRID
11
DVPREL1
22
999
Example 2
Define a response that is the weighted average of 2 displacements

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DRESP2
AVDIS
DRESP1
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DRESP1
TOPN
DISP
4668
DRESP1
BOTN
DISP
5432
(10)
DEQATN
Field
Contents
ID
Response identification number. Each DRESP2 card must have a unique
872
y(x1, x2) = (x1*1.5+ x2*4.0)/2

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ID with respect to all other DRESP# cards.
LABEL
User defined name for the response.

EQID
DEQATN identifier that defines the response relationship.

FUNC
Function to be applied to the arguments (see comment 14).

REGION
Region identifier (see comment 4).

DRESPM
Indicates the beginning of a continuation line, which defines modelspecific response ID and Model Name pairs to be used in a Multi-Model
Optimization run.
RID#
Identification numbers of model-specific responses (see comment 15).
MODEL
NAME#
User-defined model names defined on the ASSIGN, MMO entry (see

comment 15).
VARTYPE# Indicates the type of variables to follow. Can be one of: DESVAR,
DTABLE, DGRID, DGRIDB, DRESP1, DRESP1L, DRESP2, DRESP2L, DVPREL1,
DVPREL2, DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1, or
DVMBRL2 (see comments 5, 13 and 16).
ID#
When VARTYPE is DESVAR, DTABLE, DRESP1, DRESP2, DVPREL1,

DVPREL2, DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1, or
DVMBRL2 this list of IDs reference entities of the defined VARTYPE.
When VARTYPE is DGRID or DGRIDB, the list is a list of GRID/ID
Component pairs, where every second value is a component (1, 2, or 3).
For example, DGRID, 11, 2 indicates the Y component of grid 11 (see
Altair Engineering

873
Field
Contents
comment 13).
When VARTYPE is DRESP1L or DRESP2L, the list is a list of response/
subcase pairs, where every second value is a subcase ID, for example,
DRESP1L, 9, 1, 9, 3 indicates response 9 calculated for subcase 1 and
response 9 calculated for subcase 3.
Comments
1.
DRESP2 entries are referenced from the subcase through one of DESOBJ, DESSUB, or
DESGBL.
2.
DRESP3 entries.
3.
DRESP1L, DRESP2L define a response defined with a DRESP1 or DRESP2, respectively, and
a SUBCASE. The SUBCASE number 0 should be used for global responses.
4.
Responses with the same region identifier are grouped together into the same region. If
the region identifier is blank, then a separate region is formed for each DRESP2 definition.
The RTYPE EQUA on the DSCREEN definition refers to DRESP2 responses. It is important
to ensure that responses with the same region identifier reference similar equations. For
further information, refer to Constraint Screening in the User's Guide.
5.
Any number of VARTYPE# continuation lines can be defined. The order in which the
VARTYPE# continuation lines are listed on the DRESP2 card is not prescribed. The same
VARTYPE# can be repeated any number of times, in any position, on the card. However,
the order in which the VARTYPE# continuation lines are listed will affect the solution as
the values are passed to the equation (or function) in the listed sequence.
6.
The entries on the DRESP2 cards are assigned to the variable on the DEQATN card in the
order that they occur. For example 2 above x1 is the displacement response defined by
the DRESP1 card with ID=9 and x2 is the displacement response defined by the DRESP1
card with ID=2.
7.
DRESPi and DRESPiL cards cannot be mixed on the same DRESP2 definition.
8.
If DRESP1L, DRESP2L are used for a constrained DRESP2, DESGLB must be used to identify
the DRESP2.
9.
If DRESP1L, DRESP2L are used in a DRESP2 objective function, then the DESOBJ that
references the DRESP2 must be defined before the first Subcase.
10. If the DRESP2 data is referenced by DESOBJ data, the DESOBJ data must be above the
first SUBCASE if:
The DRESP2 contains DRESP1L, DRESP2L data.
The DRESP2 contains no DRESP1DRESP2, DRESP1L, or DRESP2L data.
874

Altair Engineering
The DRESP2 contains DRESP1, DRESP2 global responses.

The DESOBJ data must be in the correct SUBCASE if the DRESP2 contains subcase
dependent DRESP1 responses.
12. DRESP2 cannot reference itself directly or recursively, but multiple levels of referencing
are allowed.
13. The DGRID and DGRIDB VARTYPEs can be used to select grid point locations as variables
to be passed to the specified equation or function. The grid point locations are specified
as a list of Grid point ID/Component pairs where every second value is a component. The
Grid point IDs are unique grid point identification numbers (ID) and Components are the
grid point locations X1, X2, and X3 fields on the GRID bulk data entry.
Examples:
DGRIDB:
The VARTYPE DGRIDB can be used to select grid point locations in the basic coordinate
system. The basic coordinate system is the default rectangular coordinate system in
OptiStruct.
DGRID:
The VARTYPE DGRID can be used to select the grid point locations in the local coordinate
system of each grid point. This local coordinate system may be specified by the CP field
of the GRID bulk data entry for a particular grid point of interest. All local (or user defined)
coordinate systems are directly or indirectly based on the default basic coordinate
system.
14. The following functions can be used instead of an EQID. If FUNC is used, the DEQATN
entry is no longer needed. The functions are applied to all arguments on the DRESP2
regardless of their type.
Function
Description
SUM
Sum of arguments
AVG
Altair Engineering
Formula

875
Function
Description
Formula
SSQ
RSS

arguments
MAX
MIN
SUMABS
Sum of absolute value of arguments
AVGABS

arguments
MAXABS
MINABS

arguments
15. Multiple RID-Model Name pairs can be specified on a single DRESPM continuation line.
These responses can be used similar to responses defined via the VARTYPE# -ID# entries.
ASSIGN, MMO can be used to identify the filename of the model and the user-defined
Model Name that contains the referenced response definition.
16. An inconsistent number of responses can be referenced via multiple DRESP#L VARTYPEs.
The following requirements should be met for such entries:
1. A minimum of one DRESP# entry listed on a corresponding DRESP#L VARTYPE should
reference only a single response value, (and)
2. DRESP# entries listed on other DRESP#L VARTYPEs should reference the same number
of responses.
3. If requirement (1) above is not met, then the number of responses referenced by all
the DRESP# entries (listed on all the DRESP#L VARTYPEs) should be equal.
Example
Allowed
DRESP1
2
DRESP1
876
R1
STRESS
ELEM
SVM3
R2
STRESS
PSHELL
SVM4

Altair Engineering
DRESP2
+
+
DRESP1
DEQATN
3
MA
1
DRESP1L
4
0
DRESP1L
2
2
4
vol
VOLUME
1
f(a,b)=a+b
Not Allowed
DRESP1
2
DRESP1
DRESP2
+
+
+
DRESP1
DEQATN
R1
STRESS
ELEM
2
R2
STRESS PSHELL
3
MNA
1
DRESP1L
4
0
DRESP1L
1
2
DRESP1L
2
2
4
vol
VOLUME
1
f(a,b,c)=a+b+c
SVM1
SVM2
In the above example (Allowed), the number of responses referenced by DRESP1L=4 is

one. Also, DRESP1L=2 references multiple responses, this is allowed as there are no other
DRESP#L that reference more than one response. However, in the Not Allowed example,
DRESP1L=1 references two responses and DRESP1L=2 references multiple responses (this
violates requirement 2 above).
17. This card is represented as optimization responses in HyperMesh.
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877
DRESP3
Bulk Data Entry
DRESP3 Design Response via External User-supplied Functions
Description
When a desired response is not available from OptiStruct, either directly or via equations, it
may be calculated through external user-supplied functions implemented in shared/dynamic
libraries or external files (see External Reponses). The DRESP3 card identifies the external
function to be called and defines the parameters to be transferred to that function.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DRESP3
ID
LABEL
GROUP
FUNC
REGION
RESP
MAXRESP
DRESPM
RID1
MODEL
NAME1
RID2
MODEL
NAME2
...
...
VARTYPE1
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
...
...
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
...
...
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
C I2
C I3
...
C In
VARTYPE2
(9)
(10)
...
VARTYPEn
ID8
878
C ELLIN
C I1
C ELLOUT
CO
SENSOPT
METHOD

Altair Engineering
Alternate format for CELLIN (cell input) specifications

C ELLIN
C I1
thru
C In
Alternate format when VARTYPE is DEIGV

DEIGV
EIGV1
LID1
G1
C1
EIGV2
LID2
G2
C2
...
...
...
...
Alternate format when VARTYPE is USRDATA

USRDATA
STRNG
...
Field
Contents
ID
Response identification number. Each DRESP3 must have a unique ID with

respect to all other DRESP# cards.
LABEL

GROUP
GROUP identifier that defines the shared/dynamic library or external

Microsoft Excel workbook to be used (see comment 19). It references an
existing LOADLIB entry in the input deck.
FUNC
FUNC identifier that defines the external function to be used.

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879
Field
Contents
REGION
Region identifier (see comment 4).

DRESPM
Indicates the beginning of a continuation line, which defines modelspecific response ID and Model Name pairs to be used in a Multi-Model
Optimization run.
RID#
Identification numbers of model-specific responses (see comment 21)
MODEL
NAME#
User-defined model names defined on the ASSIGN, MMO entry (see

comment 21).
RESP
RESP identifier that defines the response to be returned by the external

function.
MAXRESP
MAXRESP identifier that defines the number of responses available in the

external function.
VARTYPE#
Indicates the type of variables to follow. Can be one of: DESVAR,

DTABLE, DGRID, DGRIDB, DEIGV, DRESP1, DRESP1L, DRESP2, DRESP2L,
DVPREL1, DVPREL2, DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1,
DVMBRL2, USRDATA or SLAVE (see comment 18).
ID#
When VARTYPE is DESVAR, DTABLE, DRESP1, DRESP2, DVPREL1, DVPREL2,

DVCREL1, DVCREL2, DVMREL1, DVMREL2, DVMBRL1, or DVMBRL2 this list of
IDs reference entities of the defined VARTYPE.
When VARTYPE is DGRID or DGRIDB, the list is a list of GRID/Component
pairs, where every second value is a component (1, 2, or 3). For example,
DGRID, 11, 2 indicates the Y component of grid 11.
When VARTYPE is DEIGV, the ID# list is replaced by a list of eigenvectors,
with each line defining an eigenvector ID, a subcase ID, and a grid/
component pair (where the component is one of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6).
When VARTYPE is DRESP1L or DRESP2L, the list is a list of response/
subcase pairs, where every second value is a subcase ID, for example,
880

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
DRESP1L, 9, 1, 9, 3 indicates response 9 calculated for subcase 1 and
response 9 calculated for subcase 3.
When VARTYPE is USRDATA, the list is replaced by a user-defined
character string, which is passed to the external function. This character
string must be less than 32000 characters.
When VARTYPE is SLAVE, only a single ID should follow. This is the ID of
another DRESP3 entry from which data should be copied.
No default (Integer > 0, or Character)
CELLIN
CELLIN flag indicates that a list of Microsoft Excel worksheet cell

references are to follow, that define response input values (see comments
19 and 20).
CI#
A list of Microsoft Excel worksheet cell references that define response

input values (see comments 19 and 20).
No default (Alphanumeric)
CELLOUT
CELLIN flag indicates that a Microsoft Excel Worksheet cell reference is to

follow that defines the response output value (see comments 19 and 20).
CO
A Microsoft Excel worksheet cell reference that defines the response

output value (see comments 19 and 20).
No default (Alphanumeric)
SENSOPT
Indicates that the sensitivities evaluation method follows.
METHOD
Method to be used for sensitivities evaluation (see comment 17).

NONE (or blank): Sensitivities are not provided. Full evaluations are
performed at every step of the approximation process.
AUTO: Sensitivities are automatically evaluated by finite differences at
the beginning of the iteration, and subsequently used in the approximation
process.
USER: Sensitivities are provided by the external function at the beginning
of the iteration, and subsequently used in the approximation process.
Default = NONE (or blank)
EIGVi
Eigenvector numbers.
Altair Engineering

881
Field
Contents
LIDi
Subcase IDs.
Gi
Grid IDs.
Ci
Component IDs.
No default (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6)
STRNG
User-defined string to be passed to the external function.

No default (Character string < 32000 characters)
Comments
1.
DRESP3 entries are referenced from the subcases through one of DESOBJ, DESSUB, or
DESGBL.
2.
DRESP1 entries.
3.
DRESP1L, DRESP2L define a response defined with a DRESP1 or DRESP2, respectively, and
a SUBCASE. The SUBCASE number 0 should be used for global responses.
4.
Responses with the same region identifier are grouped together into the same region. If
the region identifier is blank, then a separate region is formed for each DRESP3 definition.
The RTYPE EXTERNAL on the DSCREEN definition refers to DRESP3 responses. It is
important to ensure that responses with the same region identifier reference similar
external responses. For further information, refer to Constraint Screening in the User's
Guide.
5.
Any number of VARTYPE# continuation lines can be defined. The order in which the
VARTYPE# continuation lines are listed on the DRESP2 card is not prescribed. The same
VARTYPE# can be repeated any number of times, in any position, on the card.
6.
The entries on the DRESP3 card are assigned to the parameters passed to the external
function in the order that they occur.
7.
DRESPi and DRESPiL cards cannot be mixed on one DRESP3 definition.
8.
If DRESP1L, DRESP2L is used for a constrained DRESP3, DESGLB must be used to identify
the DRESP3.
882

Altair Engineering
9.
If DRESP1L, DRESP2L is used in a DRESP3 objective function, then the DESOBJ that
references the DRESP3 must be defined before the first subcase.
10. If the DRESP3 data is referenced by DESOBJ data, the DESOBJ data must be above the
first SUBCASE if:
DRESP3 contains DRESP1L, DRESP2L data.
DRESP3 contains no DRESP1, DRESP2 or DRESP1L, DRESP2L data.
DRESP3 contains DRESP1, DRESP2 global responses.
The DESOBJ data must be in the correct static or eigenvalue SUBCASE if the DRESP3
contains static or eigenvalue DRESP1 responses.
11. DRESP1 of RTYPE = WCOMB, WFREQ, and COMP cannot be referenced by DRESP3 data.
13. The RESP field may be used to request a specific response from the external function,
while MAXRESP defines the maximum number of responses available in that function.
External functions can be implemented to compute any number of responses and to return
any subset of these responses. This approach has two main benefits:
There is no need to write a specific external function for each response that you want
computed. One general function may be written instead. In many cases, this allows
for easier code maintenance and better code reusability.
OptiStruct will automatically group responses which point to the same external
function, and which use the same set of input data. The external function will only be
called once for that group of responses, which may save computational time in the
library.
14. The SLAVE continuation line indicates that the input data (DESVAR, and so on) for the
current DRESP3 card is identical to the input data of the master DRESP3 card. There
cannot be any other continuation line when SLAVE is used.
This simplifies the DRESP3 definition and reduces potential errors when modifying input
decks, either via the HyperMesh interface or manually. Also, as explained above,
OptiStruct will group responses that share the same input data.
15. The data in the STRNG field is character string based. It provides a convenient way to
pass constants to the external response server routines. The maximum number of
characters allowed in 32000.
16. The eigenvector values provided on the DEIGV continuation are normalized against the
mass matrix. No sensitivities are calculated for these values.
17. Performance of the sensitivity evaluation method is problem dependent, and selection of a
method depends on the number of arguments and the cost of each evaluation. The
default method works best for most problems. However, if the approximation module is
observed to be very slow with the default, AUTO or USER can be tried.
USER: This setup is more complex as it requires user-calculated gradients. However,
since finite differences are not used, it can improve the quality of those gradients and
may also increase the speed at which those gradients are calculated.
18. The DGRID and DGRIDB VARTYPEs can be used to select grid point locations as variables
Altair Engineering

883
to be passed to the specified equation or function. The grid point locations are specified
as a list of Grid point ID/Component pairs where every second value is a component. The
Grid point IDs are unique grid point identification numbers (ID) and Components are the
grid point locations X1, X2, and X3 fields on the GRID Bulk Data Entries.
Examples:
DGRIDB:
The VARTYPE DGRIDB can be used to select grid point locations in the basic coordinate
system. The basic coordinate system is the default rectangular coordinate system in
OptiStruct.
DGRID:
The VARTYPE DGRID can be used to select the grid point locations in the local coordinate
system of each grid point. This local coordinate system may be specified by the CP field
of the GRID Bulk Data Entry for a particular grid point of interest. All local (or user
defined) coordinate systems are directly or indirectly based on the default basic
coordinate system.
19. An external Microsoft Excel workbook can be referenced on the GROUP field via the
LOADLIB I/O Options Entry.
20. Multiple CELLIN continuation lines can be specified; each CI# entry on the CELLIN
continuation lines corresponds to responses (ID#) defined on the VARTYPE# continuation
lines. See External Responses in the Users Guide for further information.
21. Multiple RID-Model Name pairs can be specified on a single DRESPM continuation line.
These responses can be used similar to responses defined via the VARTYPE# -ID# entries.
ASSIGN, MMO can be used to identify the filename of the model and the user-defined
Model Name that contains the referenced response definition.
884

Altair Engineering
DSCREEN
Bulk Data Entry
DSCREEN Design Constraint Screening
Description
Defines design constraint screening data. Refer to Constraint Screening in the User's Guide
section.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DSC REEN
RTYPE
THOLD
MAXC
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
DSC REEN
AUTO
LEVEL
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DSC REEN
STRESS
-0.6
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DRESP1
98
SS11
STRESS
PSHELL
DRESP1
99
SS11
STRESS
PSHELL
DRESP1
100
SS11
STRESS
PSHELL
Altair Engineering
(8)
(9)
(10)

885
Field
Contents
RTYPE
Response type affected by the constraint screening settings on this

definition.
No default (Character; See comment 1)
THOLD
Normalized threshold value constraint will not be retained during the

current iteration if its normalized value is below THOLD.
Default = -0.5 (Real < 0.0)
MAXC
Maximum number of constraints to be retained for each region definition and

each load case.
AUTO
Automatic adjustment of screening criteria.

When this is activated, the screening algorithm will seek to retain the least
number of responses that are necessary for stable convergence.
Automatic constraint screening is active by default. It is disabled by the
presence of any DSCREEN definition in the input data.
LEVEL
The automatic constraint screening has levels 1 through 5, with 1 being the
least aggressive (more responses retained) and 5 being the most aggressive
(less responses retained). Level 3 is the default.
The automatic constraint screening can also be disabled by setting it to
OFF.
Default = 3 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or OFF)
Comments
1.
RTYPE may be any of the RTYPEs allowed on the DRESP1 entry, or EQUA or EXTERNAL or
AUTO.
2.
RTYPE EQUA refers to DRESP2 definitions. If DRESP2 definitions are given the same region
identifier, they should reference similar equations.
3.
RTYPE EXTERNAL refers to DRESP3 definitions. If DRESP3 definitions are given the same
region identifier, they should reference similar equations.
4.
F is the normalized constraint. If F> THOLD, then the constraint will be retained. F is
calculated with respect to the upper and lower bounds of the constraint as follows:
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Altair Engineering
5.
The THOLD and MAXC defaults do not apply for MASS, MASSFRAC, VOLUME,
VOLUMEFRAC, or FREQ. Constraint screening is not active for these responses by default.
6.
When no DSCREEN definitions are present in the input data, automatic constraint
screening is active for all responses. The presence of any DSCREEN definition disables
the automatic screening for all response types.
7.
With automatic screening, the upper bound on the EIGRL card for buckling analysis will be
adjusted in order to calculate only the necessary buckling eigenvalues (responses) that
are potentially retained in the optimization.
8.
This card is represented as an optidscreens in HyperMesh.
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DSHAPE
Bulk Data Entry
DSHAPE Design Variable for Free-Shape Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of free-shape design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
DSHAPE
ID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MXSHRK
MXGROW
SMETHO
D
NTRANS
GID4
GID5
GID6
PERT
DTYPE
MVFAC TO NSMOOT
R
H
GRID
GMETH
GSETID /
GID1
GID2
GID3
GID7
GID8
PATRN
PATYP
AID/XA
YA
ZA
FID/VXF
VYF
VZF
DRAW
DTYP
DAID/
XDA
YDA
ZDA
DFID/
XDF
YDF
ZDF
(10)
DRAFT
EXTR
EC ID
XE
YE
ZE
GRIDC O
N
GC METH
GC SETID
1/
GDID1
C TYPE1
C ID1
X1
Y1
Z1
GC METH
GC SETID
2/
GDID2
C TYPE2
C ID2
X2
Y2
Z2
SDC ID1
XL1
XU1
YL1
YU1
ZL1
ZU1
SDC ID2
XL2
XU2
YL2
YU2
ZL2
ZU2
SDC ON
BMESH
888
BMID

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ID
Each DSHAPE card must have a unique ID.

PERT
PERT flag indicating perturbation information is to follow.
DTYPE
Specifies the direction type for the free-shape variation (Comment 1).
Default = BOTH (GROW, SHRINK, or BOTH)
MVFACTOR
Initial limit on the movement factor of the design grids. The unit of
MVFACTOR is the average mesh size of meshes adjacent to grids defined
after GRID.
Only the initial value of this limit can be set. The values in subsequent
optimization iterations are automatically adjusted to enhance to enhance
iterative stability and convergence speed; however, they will never be
greater than the initial limit.
NSMOOTH
Number of grids layers NSMOOTH.

MXSHRK
Maximum shrinking distance.

No default
MXGROW
Maximum growing distance.

No default
SMETHOD
Mesh smoothing method.

Default = 1 (1 or 2)
Method 1 is faster than method 2, but method 2 is more robust in avoiding
mesh distortion.
NTRANS
Number of design grid layers in the transition zone to non-design area,

where additional treatment will be applied to produce smooth transition
(Comment 4).
GRID
GRID flag indicating that a list of grid IDs is to follow. These grids are
design variables for the free-shape optimization.
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889
Field
Contents
GMETH
Flag indicating that a list of grids is to be defined by a list of grid IDs or a

single SET reference.
Default = ID (SET or ID)
GID#
Grid identification numbers. List of grids for which this DSHAPE card is
defined.
GSETID
Grid SET identification number. A grid set containing design grids for freeshape optimization.
PATRN
PATRN flag indicating that variable pattern grouping is active. Indicates

that information about the pattern group will follow.
PATYP
Type of variable pattern grouping. Required if any symmetry or variable

pattern grouping is desired. Only 1-plane symmetry (TYP=10) is currently
supported.
AID/XA, YA, ZA
Variable pattern grouping anchor point. These fields define a point that
determines how grids are grouped into variables (See comment 3). The X,
Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid
ID in the AID/XA field to define the anchor point.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in AID/XA field)
FID/VXF, VYF,
VZF
Direction of first vector for variable pattern grouping. These fields define
an xyz vector which determines how grids are grouped into variables
(Comment 3). The X, Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system.
If FID is defined, it defines a vector pointing from grid AID or point (XA,
YA, and ZA) to grid FID.
If VXF, VYF, VZF are defined, it defines a vector pointing from point (XA,
YA, and ZA) to point (XA+VXF,YA+VYF,ZA+VZF). (XA, YA, and ZA) are
coordinates of the anchor point defined by AID or XA, YA, and ZA.
If all fields are blank and the PATYP field is not blank or zero, OptiStruct
gives an error.
No default
DRAW
890
DRAW flag indicating that casting constraints are being applied. Indicates
that draw direction information is to follow. Only valid for design grids on
solid elements.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
DTYP
Type of draw direction constraint to be used. SINGLE indicates that a

single die will be used, the die being withdrawn in the given draw
direction. Only SINGLE is available in 9.0.
DAID/XDA, YDA,
ZDA
Draw direction anchor point. These fields define the anchor point for draw
direction of the casting. The point may be defined by entering a grid ID in
the DAID field or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XDA, YDA, and
ZDA fields, these coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first field)
DFID/XDF, YDF,
ZDF
Direction of vector for draw direction definition. These fields define a

point. The vector goes from the anchor point to this point. The point
may be defined by entering a grid ID in the DFID field or by entering X, Y,
and Z coordinates in the XDF, YDF, and ZDF fields, these coordinates will
be in the basic coordinate system.
No default (Real in all three fields or Integer in first field)
DRAFT
Draft angle in degrees. See comment 5.

Default = 0.0 (0.0 < Real < 90.0)
SDCON#
SDCON# flag indicating that side constraints are being applied.
SDCID#
The ID of a coordinate system which the following XL#, XU#, YL#, YU#,
ZL#, or ZU# components are resolved in.
XL#, XU#, YL#,

YU#, ZL#, ZU#
Side constraints defined by lower and upper bounds of coordinates, which

restrict the moving space of the design grids. Any of the six fields could
be blank, which means the corresponding coordinate is not constrained.
EXTR
EXTR flag indicating that extrusion constraints are being applied.

Indicates that extrusion information is to follow. Only valid for design
grids on solid elements.
ECID
The ID of a coordinate system which the following X, Y, and Z

components are resolved in.
For Free-Shape 9.0, only consider two simple extrusion paths: Line and
Circle.
Line - ECID is a rectangular system.
Circle - ECID is a cylindrical system.
XE, YE, ZE
When ECID is a rectangular system ID, X, Y, and Z are components of a

vector under system EID, which define the extrusion path.
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891
Field
Contents
GRIDCON
GRIDCON flag indicating that a list of grids with associated constraints are
to follow.
Note: Grids within the smoothing zone (defined by NSMOOTH) will move
during Free-shape optimization to avoid mesh distortion without
changing the shape of the model. Users can also constrain the
movement of these grids by GRIDCON even if they are not defined
after GRID.
GCMETH
Flag indicating that a list of grids is to be defined by a list of grid IDs or a

single SET reference.
Default = ID (SET or ID)
GCSETID#
Grid SET identification numbers. IDs of certain grid SETs which are
constrained to move in a predefined manner.
GDID#
IDs of certain grids which are constrained to move in a predefined manner.

No default (Integer > 0, ID must also be present in the list following the
GRID flag)
CTYPE#
Specifies the type of constraint applied to the grid GDID# (Comment 2).
No default (FIXED, DIR, or NORM)
CID#
The ID of a coordinate system which the following X, Y, and Z

components are resolved in.
X#, Y#, Z#
X, Y, and Z components of a vector, which either defines the direction in

which the grid GDID# is constrained to move, or the normal of a plane on
which the grid GDID# is constrained to remain.
BMESH
BMESH flag indicating that a BMFACE ID is to follow.
BMID
The BMFACE ID which defines a list of QUADs and/or TRIAs which define a
barrier that the design surface will not penetrate during shape
optimization.
Comments
1.
DTYPE has three distinct options:

a) GROW grids cannot move inside of the initial part boundary.
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b) SHRINK grids cannot move outside of the initial part boundary.

c) BOTH grids are unconstrained.
For a more detailed description, refer to Free-shape Optimization in the Users Guide.
2.
CTYPE has three distinct options:

a) FIXED grid cannot move due to free-shape optimization.
b) DIR grid is forced to move along the vector defined by the following fields.
c) NORM grid is forced to remain on a plane for which the following fields define the
normal direction.
For a more detailed description, refer to Free-shape Optimization in the Users Guide.
3.
For a single plane of symmetry (TYP = 10), the plane is defined normal to the first vector
and is located at the anchor node.
4.
The NTRANS option allows you to achieve a smooth transition between design and nondesign regions. This additional smoothness, however, comes with an inherent cost of a
reduction in design flexibility. NTRANS improves design smoothness across the transition
zone between design and non-design regions at the expense of design flexibility.
For detailed information illustrating the working mechanism of NTRANS, refer to Defining
Free-shape Design Regions in the Users Guide.
5.
The draft angle can be specified in degrees via the DRAFT field, as illustrated in the figure
below. Geometric constraints (GRIDCON and SDCON) may not be satisfied when the draft
angle is activated:
6.
This card is represented as an optimization design variable in HyperMesh.
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893
DSHUFFLE
Bulk Data Entry
DSHUFFLE Design Variable for Composite Shuffling Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of composite shuffling design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DSHUFFL
E
ID
ETYPE
EID1
EID2
EID3
EID4
EID5
EID6
EID7
MAXSUC
C
MANGLE
MSUC C
VSUC C
PAIR
PANGLE
1
PANGLE2
POPT
C ORE
C REP
C ANG1
C ANG2
C ANG3
C ANG4
C ANG5
C ANG6
C ANG7
VANG1
VANG2
VANG3
VANG4
VANG5
VANG6
VANG7
+
+
(10)
+
+
C OVER
VREP
+
+
RANGE
PIDSTA
PIDEND
Field
Contents
ID

ETYPE
Entity type for which this DSHUFFLE card is defined.

No default (STACK, PCOMP, or PCOMPG)
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Field
Contents
EID#
Entity identification numbers. List of entities of type ETYPE for which this
DSHUFFLE card is defined.
MAXSUCC
MAXSUCC flag indicating that the "maximum number of successive plies"

constraint is applied. Multiple MAXSUCC constraints are allowed (see
Comment 1).
MANGLE
Ply orientation, in degrees, to which the MAXSUCC constraint is applied.

No default (Real or ALL)
MSUCC
Maximum number of successive plies for the MAXSUCC constraint.

VSUCC
Allowable percentage violation for the MAXSUCC constraint. 0.0 indicates

that this constraint cannot be violated.
PAIR
PAIR flag indicating that a pairing constraint is applied (see Comment 2).
PANGLE1
First ply orientation, in degrees, to which the PAIR constraint is applied.

No default (Real, only 45.0 allowed at this time)
PANGLE2
Second ply orientation, in degrees, to which the PAIR constraint is applied.

No default (Real, only -45.0 allowed at this time)
POPT
Pairing option. SAME indicates that the stacking sequence should remain
the same for consecutive pairs. REVERSE indicates that the stacking
sequence should be reversed for alternate pairs.
Default = blank (SAME, REVERSE or BLANK)
CORE
CORE flag indicating that a ply sequence for the core layer is defined.
Only one CORE sequence is allowed (see Comment 3).
CREP
Number of times the core ply sequence should be repeated.

CANG#
Ply orientations, in degrees, defining the core.

No default (Real)
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895
Field
Contents
COVER
COVER flag indicating that a ply sequence for the cover layer is defined.
Only one COVER sequence is allowed (see Comment 3).
VREP
Number of times the cover ply sequence should be repeated.

VANG#
Ply orientations, in degrees, defining the cover.

No default (Real)
RANGE
Indicates that starting and ending ply identification numbers are defined in
the following fields to specify the range of plies to be shuffled. OptiStruct
will only shuffle plies between PIDSTA and PIDEND. Multiple DSHUFFLE
entries can be created to define different ply ranges.
PIDSTA
The ply identification number (starting ply) that defines the first ply in the
range to be shuffled.
PIDEND
The ply identification number (ending ply) that defines the last ply in the
range to be shuffled.
Comments
1.
896
The MAXSUCC constraint indicates that the stacking sequence should contain no sections
with more than a given number of successive plies with the same orientation. In the case
of symmetrical laminates, this constraint accounts for the mirrored successive plies on
both sides of the symmetry plane. In the image below, (a) shows invalid and valid
sequences for a non-symmetrical stack, and (b) shows invalid and valid sequences for a
symmetrical stack, both for MAXSUCC=3.

Altair Engineering
2.
The PAIR constraint indicates that 45 and -45 plies should be paired together. The
POPT option specifies how the pairing should be accomplished, as illustrated on the figure
below.
3.
The CORE and COVER constraints specify stacking sequences for the core and cover
layers respectively. Plies are listed from the bottom surface upward, in respect to the
elements normal direction. In the example below, the sequence for the core is (0, 0,
90, 90) while the sequence for the cover is defined as (90, 90, 0, 0).
Note that, for non-symmetrical laminates, COVER actually corresponds to the bottom
cover, whereas CORE corresponds to the upper cover. At this point, it is not possible to
create an actual core for non-symmetrical stacks.
4.
For a more detailed description and an example, refer to Optimization of Composite

Structures in the Users Guide.
5.
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897
DSIZE
Bulk Data Entry
DSIZE Design Variable for Free-Size Optimization
Description
DSIZE defines parameters for the generation of free-size design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DSIZE
ID
PTYPE
PID1
PID2
PID3
PID4
PID5
PID6
PID7
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for thickness definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
THIC K
T0
T1
(5)
(6)
Optional continuation lines for stress constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
STRESS
UBOUND
(5)
(6)
Optional continuation lines for member size constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MEMBSIZ
MINDIM
(5)
(6)
(7)
Optional continuation lines for composite manufacturing constraints definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
C OMP
LAMTHK
LTMIN
LTMAX
LTSET
LTEXC
898
(8)

(9)
(10)
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(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C OMP
PLYTHK
PTGRP
PTMIN
PTMAX
PTOPT
PTSET
PTEXC
C OMP
PLYPC T
PPGRP
PPMIN
PPMAX
PPOPT
PPSET
PPEXC
C OMP
PLYMAN
PMGRP
PMMAN
PMOPT
PMSET
PMEXC
C OMP
BALANC E
BGRP1
BGRP2
BOPT
C OMP
C ONST
C GRP
C THIC K
C OPT
C OMP
PLYDRP
PDGRIP
PDTYP
PDMAX
PDOPT
PDSET
PDEXC
PDDEF
PDX
PDY
PDZ
(10)
Optional continuation lines for pattern grouping constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PATRN
TYP
AID/XA
YA
ZA
FID/XF
YF
ZF
UC YC
SID/XS
YS
ZS
(10)
Optional continuation lines for "Master" definition for pattern repetition constraint:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ID
C AID/
XC A
YC A
ZC A
C FID/XC F
YC F
ZC F
C SID/
XC S
YC S
ZC S
C TID/XC T
YC T
ZC T
(10)
MASTER
C OORD
Optional continuation lines for "Slave" definition for pattern repetition constraint:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SLAVE
DSIZE_ID
SX
SY
SZ
C OORD
C ID
C AID/
YC A
ZC A
Altair Engineering
(7)
(8)
(9)
C FID/XC F
YC F
ZC F
(10)

899
XC A
C SID/
XC S
YC S
ZC S
C TID/XC T
YC T
ZC T
(8)
(9)
(10)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for fatigue constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
FATIGUE
FTYPE
FBOUND
(5)
(6)
(7)
Optional continuation lines for zone based free-sizing definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
GROUP
EG7
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
EG1
EG2
EG3
EG4
EG5
EG6
EG8
EG9
Alternate continuation line for zone based free-sizing definition (Alternate Format):
(1)
(2)
GROUP
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
EG1
THRU
EG2
(7)
Field
Contents
ID
Each DSIZE card must have a unique ID.
(8)
(9)
(10)

PTYPE
Property type for which DSIZE card is defined.

No default (PCOMP, PCOMPG, PSHELL, or STACK)
PID#
Property identification numbers. List of properties of type

PTYPE for which this DSIZE card is defined. Use ALL in PID1
field if it applies to all properties of type PTYPE in the model.
No default (Integer > 0, or ALL)
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Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
THICK
THICK flag indicating that minimum and possibly maximum

thickness value are to follow.
T0
Minimum thickness.
For PTYPE = PSHELL, this refers to the minimum thickness of the
shell. If no value is entered for T0, the T0 value on the PSHELL
card is used. If T0 is not defined on the PSHELL card, then
T0=0.0 is assumed.
This option does not apply for PTYPE = PCOMP, PCOMPG, or
STACK.
T1
Maximum thickness.
For PTYPE = PSHELL, this refers to the maximum thickness of
the shell. If no value is entered for T1, the T value on the
PSHELL card is used.
This option does not apply for PTYPE = PCOMP, PCOMPG, or
STACK.
Default = blank (Real > T0)
STRESS
STRESS flag indicating that von Mises stress constraints are

active and that an upper bound value for the stress is to follow.
See comment 4.
UBOUND
Upper bound constraint on von Mises stress.

MEMBSIZ
MEMBSIZ flag indicating that member size control is active for

the properties listed. Indicates that MINDIM is to follow.
MINDIM
Specifies the minimum diameter of members formed. This

command is used to eliminate small members. It also eliminates
checkerboard results. See comment 3.
Default = No minimum member size control (Real > 0.0)
COMP
Altair Engineering
COMP flag indicating that composite manufacturing constraints

are applied. Indicates that information about manufacturing
constraints is to follow. See comment 5.

901
Field
Contents
LAMTHK
LAMTHK flag indicating that laminate thickness constraints are

applied. Multiple LAMTHK constraints are allowed. See
comment 5.
LTMIN
Minimum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.

LTMAX
Maximum laminate thickness for the LAMTHK constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > LTMIN)
LTSET
Set ID of elements to which the LAMTHK constraint is applied.
LTEXC
Exclusion flag indicating that certain plies are excluded from the
LAMTHK constraint. The following options are supported:
PLYTHK
PLYTHK flag indicating that ply thickness constraints are

applied. Multiple PLYTHK constraints are allowed.
PTGRP
Ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the

PLYTHK constraint is applied, depending on the PTOPT
selection.
PTMIN
Minimum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.

PTMAX
Maximum thickness for the PLYTHK constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and > PTMIN)
PTOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYTHK constraint. Plies can be

selected based on the following:
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Field
Contents
BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PTSET
Set ID of elements to which the PLYTHK constraint is applied.
PTEXC
PLYTHK constraint. The following options are supported:
PLYPCT
PLYPCT flag indicating that ply thickness percentage constraints

are applied. Multiple PLYPCT constraints are allowed.
PPGRP

PLYPCT constraint is applied, depending on the PPOPT selection.
PPMIN
Minimum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 and < 1.0)
PPMAX
Maximum percentage thickness for the PLYPCT constraint.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0, < 1.0 and > PPMIN)
PPOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYPCT constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PPSET
Set ID of elements to which the PLYPCT constraint is applied.
PPEXC
PLYPCT constraint. The following options are supported:
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903
Field
Contents
PLYMAN
PLYMAN flag indicating that manufacturable ply thickness

constraints are applied. Multiple PLYMAN constraints are
allowed.
PMGRP

PLYMAN constraint is applied, depending on the PMOPT
selection.
PMMAN
Manufacturable ply thickness. See comment 6.

PMOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYMAN constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PMSET
Set ID of elements to which the PLYMAN constraint is applied.
PMEXC
PLYMAN constraint. The following options are supported:
BALANCE
BALANCE flag indicating that a balancing constraint is applied.

Multiple BALANCE constraints are allowed.
BGRP1
First ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which the
BALANCE constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT
selection.
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Field
Contents
BGRP2
Second ply orientation in degrees, ply sets or ply IDs, to which

the BALANCE constraint is applied, depending on the BOPT
selection.
BOPT
Ply selection options for the BALANCE constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
CONST
CONST flag indicating that a constant thickness constraint is

applied. Multiple CONST constraints are allowed.
CGRP

CONST constraint is applied, depending on the COPT selection.
CTHICK
Constant ply thickness for the CONST constraint.

COPT
Ply selection options for the CONST constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PLYDRP
Indicates that ply drop-off constraints are applied. Multiple

PLYDRP constraints are allowed.
PDGRP

PLYDRP constraint is applied, depending on the PDOPT selection.
No default. (Real or Integer)
PDTYP
PDTYP specifies the type of the drop-off constraint as:

PLYSLP (Default)
PLYDRP
TOTSLP
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905
Field
Contents
TOTDRP
(see Comment 11)
PDMAX
Maximum allowed drop-off for the PLYDRP constraint.

PDOPT
Ply selection options for the PLYDRP constraint. Plies can be

BYSET: Ply sets
BYPLY: Ply IDs
PDSET
Set IDs of elements to which the PLYDRP constraint is applied.
PDEXC
Exclusion flag indicates that certain plies are excluded from the
PLYDRP constraint. The following options are supported:
CORE: The core is excluded. (Default).
PDDEF
Optional definition to fine-tune the drop-off constraint.

Currently only DIRECT is available to request directional dropoff, in which case PDX, PDY and PDZ specify the drop-off
direction. See comment 12.
PDX, PDY, PDZ
Used to specify the drop-off direction when DIRECT is input in

the PDDEF field. See comment 12.
PATRN
PATRN flag indicating that pattern grouping is active for the

properties listed. Indicates that information for pattern
grouping is to follow.
TYP
Indicates the type of pattern grouping requested. See

comment 1.
Default = No pattern grouping (1, 2, 3, 9, or 10)
AID/XA, YA, ZA
906
Anchor point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined by

entering a grid ID in the AID field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XA, YA, and ZA fields. These coordinates will
be in the basic coordinate system. See comment 1.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first field)
FID/XF, YF, ZF
First point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined by

entering a grid ID in the FID field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XF, YF, and ZF fields. These coordinates will
No default (Real in all three fields or Integer in the first field)
UCYC
Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This field

defines the number of radial "wedges" for cyclical symmetry.
The angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0/UCYC. See
comment 1.
SID/XS, YS, ZS
Second point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined by

entering a grid ID in the SID field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XS, YS, and ZS fields. These coordinates will
MASTER
MASTER flag indicating that this design variable may be used as

a master pattern for pattern repetition. See comment 2.
SLAVE
SLAVE flag indicating that this design variable is slave to the

master pattern definition referenced by the following DSIZE_ID
entry. See comment 2.
DSIZE_ID
DSIZE identification number for a master pattern definition.

SX, SY, SZ
Scale factors for pattern repetition, in X, Y, and Z directions

respectively. See comment 2.
COORD
COORD flag indicating information regarding the coordinate

system for pattern repetition is to follow. This is required if
either MASTER or SLAVE flags are present.
CID
Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system that

may be used as the pattern repetition coordinate system. See
comment 2.
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907
Field
Contents
CAID/XCA, YCA, ZCA Anchor point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field or
by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and ZCA
fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
system. See comment 2.
CFID/XCF, YCF, ZCF
First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point

may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field or by
entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and ZCF
CSID/XCS, YCS, ZCS Second point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The
point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field or
by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and ZCS
CTID/XCT, YCT, ZCT Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point
may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field or by
entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and ZCT
FATIGUE
FATIGUE flag indicating that fatigue constraints are active and

their definition is to follow.
FTYPE
Specifies the type of fatigue constraint; it can be DAMAGE, LIFE

or FOS.
FBOUND
Specifies the bound value. If FTYPE is DAMAGE, FBOUND will be

the upper bound of fatigue damage. If FTYPE is LIFE or FOS,
FBOUND will be the lower bound of fatigue life (LIFE) or Factor
of Safety (FOS), respectively.
No default (Real)
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Field
Contents
GROUP
Specifies the definition of zone based free-sizing optimization.

Indicates that element group IDs will follow.
EG#
Element group numbers. Element groups are created through

element sets. See comment 7.
THRU
This keyword can be used in the optional alternate format to

define zone based free-sizing optimization.
This keyword is used for ID range definition to indicate that all
IDs between the preceding ID (EG1) and the following ID (EG2)
are to be included in the set.
Comments
1.
There are currently five pattern grouping options for free-size optimization:
1-plane symmetry (TYP = 1)
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point and the first point be defined.
A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the plane of symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, and second point
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane of
symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
vector from the anchor point to this projected point is normal to the second plane of
symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, and second point
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane of
symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
symmetry. The third plane of symmetry is orthogonal to both the first and second planes
of symmetry, passing through the anchor point.
Cyclic (TYP = 10)
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, and number of
cyclical repetitions be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines
the axis of symmetry.
Cyclic with symmetry (TYP = 11)
This type of pattern grouping requires that the anchor point, first point, second point,
and number of cyclical repetitions be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first
Altair Engineering

909
point defines the axis of symmetry. The anchor point, first point, and second point all lay
on a plane of symmetry. A plane of symmetry lies at the center of each cyclical
repetition.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Grouping for Free-Size Optimization
page contained within the Users Guide section Manufacturability for Free-Size
Optimization.
2.
Pattern repetition allows similar regions of the design domain to be linked together so as
to produce similar topological layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of "Master"
and "Slave" regions. A DSIZE card may only contain one MASTER or SLAVE flag. For both
"Master" and "Slave" regions, a pattern repetition coordinate system is required and is
described following the COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the coordinate
system may be a left-handed or right-handed Cartesian system. The coordinate system
may be defined in one of two ways, listed here in order of precedence:
Four points are defined and these are utilized as follows to define the coordinate
system (this is the only way to define a left-handed system):
-
A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the x-axis.
The second point lies on the x-y plane, indicating the positive sense of the y-axis.
The third point indicates the positive sense of the z-axis.
A rectangular coordinate system and an anchor point are defined. If only an anchor
point is defined, it is assumed that the basic coordinate system is to be used.
Multiple "Slaves" may reference the same "Master."
Scale factors may be defined for "Slave" regions, allowing the "Master" layout to be
adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition for Free-Size Optimization
contained within the Users Guide section Manufacturability for Free-Size Optimization.
3.
It is recommended that a MINDIM value be chosen which allows for the formation of
members that are at least three elements thick. When pattern grouping constraints are
active, a MINDIM value of three times the average element edge length is enforced, and
user-defined values (which are smaller than this value) will be replaced by this value.
4.
Von Mises stress constraints may be defined for topology and free-size optimization
through the STRESS optional continuation line on the DTPL or the DSIZE card. There are
a number of restrictions with this constraint:
The definition of stress constraints is limited to a single von Mises permissible stress.
The phenomenon of singular topology is pronounced when different materials with
different permissible stresses exist in a structure. Singular topology refers to the
problem associated with the conditional nature of stress constraints that is the stress
constraint of an element disappears when the element vanishes. This creates another
problem in that a huge number of reduced problems exist with solutions that cannot
usually be found by a gradient-based optimizer in the full design space.
Stress constraints for a partial domain of the structure are not allowed because they
often create an ill-posed optimization problem since elimination of the partial domain
would remove all stress constraints. Consequently, the stress constraint applies to the
910

Altair Engineering
entire model when active, including both design and non-design regions, and stress
constraint settings must be identical for all DSIZE and DTPL cards.
The capability has built-in intelligence to filter out artificial stress concentrations
around point loads and point boundary conditions. Stress concentrations due to
boundary geometry are also filtered to some extent as they can be improved more
effectively with local shape optimization.
Due to the large number of elements with active stress constraints, no element stress
report is given in the table of retained constraints in the .out file. The iterative
history of the stress state of the model can be viewed in HyperView or HyperMesh.
Stress constraints do not apply to 1D elements.
Stress constraints may not be used when enforced displacements are present in the
model.
5.
The following manufacturing constraints are available for composite free-sizing

optimization:
Lower and upper bounds on the total thickness of the laminate (LAMTHK).
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness of a given orientation (PLYTHK).
Lower and upper bounds on the thickness percentage of a given orientation (PLYPCT).
Linking between the thicknesses of two given orientations (BALANCE).
Constant (non-designable) thickness of a given orientation (CONST).
LAMTHK, PLYTHK, PLYPCT, and PLYMAN can be applied locally to sets of elements.
There can be elements that do not belong to any set.
For a more detailed description and an example, refer to Optimization of Composite
Structures in the Users Guide.
6.
PLYMAN has no influence on the free-size phase, but this information will be translated
into the TMANUF entry on the PLY card for the sizing phase.
7.
Elements within each group will have uniform ply thicknesses.
8.
The core is designable by default. It can be made non-designable through the CONST
manufacturing constraint. To facilitate this, the keyword CORE can be used instead of a
ply ID when BYPLY is activated.
9.
The core is excluded from the LAMTHK, PLYTHK, PLYPCT and PLYMAN manufacturing
constraints by default.
10. Legacy data field PTMAN (for manufacturable ply thickness) defined on the PLYTHK and
PLYPCT entries is supported. However, it is now recommended to define the
manufacturable ply thickness in the PMMAN field through the PLYMAN continuation line as
this offers more control.
11. The options for selecting the type of drop-off constraints for PDTYP are defined for a set
of plies, as shown in the figures below:
The options for PDTYP are:
PLYSLP
Altair Engineering

911
PLYDRP
TOTSLP
TOTDRP
Assuming that the plies are stacked as shown above, you have the following definitions:
912

Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering

913
12. The optional PDDEF definition is used to fine-tune the drop-off constraint. Currently, only
the DIRECT option is available for the PDDEF field.
Field
Value
PDDEF
DIRECT This option allows you to fine-tune the drop-off

constraint by requesting directional drop-off. The direction of
drop-off can be specified by defining a directional vector with
respect to the basic coordinate system. The directional vector
is defined using the PDX, PDY and PDZ values.
PDX, PDY, PDZ
PDX, PDY and PDZ are real numbers.

These values are used to specify the drop-off direction when
DIRECT is input in the PDDEF field. They specify the three
components of a directional vector defined with respect to the
Example:
If drop-off control is required in the X-direction, then 1,0,0
can be defined in the PDX, PDY, PDZ fields respectively. 0,1,0
can be defined for Y-direction drop-off control.
13. This card is represented as an optimization design variable in HyperMesh.
914

Altair Engineering
DSYSID
Bulk Data Entry
DSYSID Design Objective for System Identification
Description
Defines responses and their target values for a system identification problem.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DSYSID
DOID
LABEL
RID1
SID1
T1
W1
RID2
SID2
T2
W2
...
RIDn
SIDn
Tn
Wn
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DSYSID
22
SYS
0.002
0.05
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DRESP1
TZ488
DISP
488
DRESP1
TZ601
DISP
601
Altair Engineering
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

915
Field
Contents
DOID
Design objective identification number.

(Integer > 0)
LABEL

RIDi

(Integer > 0)
SIDi
Subcase identification number; use ALL if it applies to all subcases.

Ti
Target value.
No default (Real)
Wi
Weighting factor.
Comments
1.
If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a DESOBJ subcase entry, a least squares objective
function is used in the optimization. The objective function is the sum of the squared,
weighted, normalized differences between the target responses and those calculated by
the finite element analysis:
If the DSYSID entry is referenced by a MINMAX or MAXMIN subcase entry, the beta
method is applied in the optimization as follows:
2.
916
DSYSID entries must have unique identification numbers with respect to DRESP1, DRESP2,
and DRESP3 entries.

Altair Engineering
3.
DRESP1, DRESP2, and DRESP3 entries referenced by the DSYSID entry can define only a
single response per subcase when the DESOBJ formulation is used. There is no such
limitation with the MINMAX or MAXMIN formulations.
4.
In order to use DSCREEN to control the number of retained responses when performing a
system identification, RTYPE=EQUA needs to be used on the DSCREEN entry.
Altair Engineering

917
DTABLE
Bulk Data Entry
DTABLE Table of Constants
Description
List of constants to be used in functions defined by DEQATN.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DTABLE
LABL1
VAL1
LABL2
VAL2
LABL3
VAL3
LABL4
VAL4
LABL5
VAL5
Etc
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DTABLE
123.00
321.00
55.55
AGE
21
36.0
WST
24.0
HPS
35.0
Field
Contents
LABLi
Constant Label.
(10)
(Character)
VALi
Constant value.
(Real)
Comments
1.
If a DTABLE entry has a pair of blank fields, they are ignored. If there are other
constants after the blank fields, they are read in.
2.
If fields are full of zeros, the constant label is "0", and the value is 0.0.
3.
This card is represented as an optimization table entry in HyperMesh.
918

Altair Engineering
DTI,SPECSEL
Bulk Data Entry
DTI,SPECSEL Response Spectra Input Correlation Table
Description
Correlates spectra lines specified on TABLED1 entries with damping values.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DTI
SPEC SEL
ID
TID3
DAMP3
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TYPE
TID1
DAMP1
TID2
DAMP2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
DTI
SPEC SEL
99
0.04
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
0.0
0.02
Field
Contents
ID
DTI,SPECSEL identification number.
(10)

TYPE
Type of spectrum. Can be either acceleration (A), velocity (V) or

displacement (D).
No default (A, V, D)
Altair Engineering

919
Field
Contents
TID#
Identification number of a TABLED1 entry that defines a line of the

spectrum.
DAMP#
Damping value assigned to TID#.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
All DTI,SPECSEL cards must have unique ID numbers.
2.
The TID#, DAMP# pairs list the TABLED1 entry, which defines a line of the spectrum and
the damping value assigned to it. The damping value is in the units of fraction of critical
damping.
3.
Refer to Response Spectrum Analysis in the Users Guide for more details.
920

Altair Engineering
DTI,UNITS
Bulk Data Entry
DTI,UNITS Units Definition
Description
Defines units for multi-body, component mode synthesis (flexible-body preparation), and
geometric nonlinear solution sequences.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DTI
UNITS
MASS
FORC E
LENGTH
TIME
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DTI
UNITS
KG
Field
Contents
MASS
Units of mass. See comment 1.
(8)
(9)
(10)
Default = KG (KG, LBM, SLUG, GRAM, OZM, KLBM, MGG, SLINCH, UG, NG,
USTON, or MG)
FORCE
Units of force. See comment 2.

Default = N (N, LBF, KGF, OZF, DYNE, KN, KLBF, MN, UN, or NN)
LENGTH
Units of length. See comment 3.

Default = MM (MM, KM, M, CM, MI, FT, IN, UM, NM, ANG, YD, MIL, or
UIN)
TIME
Units of time. See comment 4.

Default = S (S, H, MIN, MS, US, NANOSEC, or D)
Altair Engineering

921
Comments
1.
2.
922
The following options are available for input for MASS:

kg
kilogram
lbm
pound-mass
slug
slug
gram
gram
ozm
ounce-mass
klbm
kilo pound-mass (1000.lbm)
mgg
megagram
slinch
12 slugs
ug
Microgram
ng
Nanogram
uston
US ton
mg
Milligram
The following options are available for input for FORCE:

n
newton
lbf
pounds-force
kgf
kilograms-force
ozf
ounce-force
dyne
dyne
kn
kilonewton
klbf
kilo pound-force (1000.lbf)
mn
Millinewton

Altair Engineering
3.
4.
un
Micronewton
nn
Nanonewton
The following options are available for input for LENGTH:

km
kilometer
meter
cm
centimeter
mm
millimeter
mi
mile
ft
foot
in
inch
um
Micrometer
nm
Nanometer
ang
Angstrom
yd
Yard
mil
Milli-inch
uin
Micro-inch
The following options are available for input for TIME:

s
seconds
hours
min
minutes
ms
milliseconds
us
Microsecond
Altair Engineering

923
nanosec Nanosecond
d
day
5.
PARAM, WTMASS is ignored for the multi-body and component mode synthesis (flexiblebody preparation) solution sequences. Unit data for these solution sequences is supplied
on the DTI,UNITS bulk data entry.
6.
This DTI, UNITS data entry is the same as the UNITS entry.
7.
924

Altair Engineering
DTPG
Bulk Data Entry
DTPG Design Variable for Topography Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of topography design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DTPG
ID
TYPE
PID1/DVID
PID2
PID3
PID4
PID5
PID6
PID7
MW
ANG
BF
HGT
Norm/XD
YD
ZD
SKIP
PATRN
TYP
AID/XA
YA
ZA
FID/XF
YF
ZF
PATRN2
UC YC
SID/XS
YS
ZS
BOUNDS
LB
UB
INIT
(10)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ID
C AID/
XC A
YC A
ZC A
C FID/XC F
YC F
ZC F
C SID/
XC S
YC S
ZC S
C TID/
XC T
YC T
ZC T
(10)
MASTER
C OORD
Altair Engineering

925
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SLAVE
DTPL_ID
SX
SY
SZ
C OORD
C ID
C AID/
XC A
YC A
C SID/
XC S
YC S
(10)
ZC A
C FID/XC F
YC F
ZC F
ZC S
C TID/
XC T
YC T
ZC T
Example 1
This example defines a topography design variable which allows for swages to be created in
components referencing the PSHELL properties 1, 9, and 23. The swages will have a
minimum width of 3 units, a draw angle of 600, and a maximum height of 5 units. The draw
direction will be in the elements normal direction, but the swages may grow in either the
positive or negative direction. The swages should be grouped such that they form a
cyclical pattern of 1200 intervals about the z-axis, through the point (0,25,0), and they
also should be symmetrical about the xy plane.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DTPG
PSHELL
23
3.0
60.0
Yes
5.0
Norm
PATRN
50
0.0
25.0
0.0
PATRN2
1.0
0.0
0.0
BOUNDS
-1.0
1.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
both
0.0
1.0
0.0
Example 2
This example defines a topography design variable that references the shape variables
defined by the DVGRIDs with ID 1. The swages will have a minimum width of 5 units and a
draw angle of 750. The height and draw direction of the swages is defined by the DVGRID
cards. Also ensure that the swages can only grow in the positive direction as defined by
the DVGRID cards.
926

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DTPG
DVGRID
5.0
75.0
YES
BOUNDS
0.0
1.0
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
ID
Each DTPG card must have a unique ID.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

TYPE
Indicate whether DTPG card is defined for PSHELL, PCOMP, or

DVGRID.
No default (PSHELL, PCOMP, or DVGRID)
PID/DVID
If TYPE is PSHELL or PCOMP, then this entry is a Property

identification number. Use ALL if it applies to all properties of type
PTYPE in the model. Numerous PIDs may be given.
If TYPE is DVGRID, then this entry is the Design Variable Number for a
set of DVGRIDs. Only one DVID may be given.
MW
Bead minimum width. This parameter controls the width of the beads
in the model [recommended value between 1.5 and 2.5 times the
average element width]. See comment 1.
ANG
Draw angle in degrees. This parameter controls the angle of the

sides of the beads (recommended value between 60 and 75 degrees).
See comment 1.
No default (1.0 < Real < 89.0)
BF
Buffer zone. This parameter will establish a buffer zone between

elements in the design domain and elements outside the design
domain. See comment 2.
Altair Engineering

927
Field
Contents
Default = YES (YES, or NO)
HGT
Draw height. This parameter sets the maximum height of the beads
to be drawn. This field is only valid if TYPE is PSHELL or PCOMP.
norm/XD,YD,ZD Draw direction. If norm/XD field is norm, the shape variables will be
created in the normal directions of the elements. If all the fields are
real, the shape variable will be created in the direction specified by
the xyz vector defined by the three fields. The X, Y, and Z values
are in the global coordinate system. This field is only valid if TYPE is
PSHELL or PCOMP.
Default = NORM (NORM in norm/XD field or Real in all three fields)
SKIP
Boundary skip. This parameter tells OptiStruct to leave certain nodes

out of the design domain. If none, all nodes attached to elements
whose PIDs are specified will be a part of the shape variables. If bc
or spc, any nodes which have SPC or SPC1 declarations are omitted
from the design domain. If load, any nodes which have FORCE,
FORCE1, MOMENT, MOMENT1, or SPCD declarations are omitted from
the design domain. If both, nodes with either spc or load
declarations are omitted from the design domain. This field is only
valid if TYPE is PSHELL or PCOMP.
Default = BOTH (BOTH, BC, SPC, LOAD, or NONE)
PATRN
PATRN flag indicating that variable pattern grouping is active.

Indicates that information about the pattern group will follow.
TYP
Type of variable grouping pattern. Required if any symmetry or

variable pattern grouping is desired. If zero or blank, anchor node,
first vector, and second vector definitions are ignored. If less than
20, second vector definition is ignored. See comment 4.
AID/XA,YA,ZA
Variable grouping pattern anchor point. These fields define a point

that determines how grids are grouped into variables. See comment
3. The X, Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You
may put a grid ID in the AID/XA field to define the anchor point.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in AID/XA field)
928

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
FID/XF,YF,ZF
Direction of first vector for variable pattern grouping. These fields

define an xyz vector which determines how grids are grouped into
variables (See comment 3). The X, Y, and Z values are in the global
coordinate system. You may put a grid ID in the FID/XF field to
define the first vector. This vector goes from the anchor point to
this grid. If all fields are blank and the TYP field is not blank or zero,
OptiStruct gives an error.
No default
PATRN2
PATRN2 flag indicating variable pattern grouping continuation card.

This card is only required when a second vector is needed to define
the pattern grouping.
UCYC
Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This field

defines the number of radial "wedges" for cyclical symmetry. The
angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0 / UCYC. See comment 4.
SID/XS,YS,ZS
Direction used to determine second vector for variable pattern

grouping. These fields define an xyz vector which, when combined
with the first vector, form a plane. The second vector is calculated
to lie in that plane and is perpendicular to the first vector. The
second vector is sometimes required to determine how grids are
grouped into variables (See comment 3). The X, Y, and Z values are
in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid ID in the SID/XS
field to define the second vector. This vector goes from the anchor
point to this grid. If all fields are blank and the TYP field contains a
value of 20 or higher, OptiStruct gives an error.
No default
BOUNDS
BOUNDS flag indicating that information on upper and lower limits and
the initial value for grid movement are to follow.
LB
Lower bound on variables controlling grid movement. This sets the

lower bound on grid movement equal to LB*HGT.
Default = 0.0 (Real < UB)
UB
Upper bound on variables controlling grid movement. This sets the

upper bound on grid movement equal to UB*HGT.
Default = 1.0 (Real > LB)
Altair Engineering

929
Field
Contents
INIT
The initial value of the variables controlling grid movement. This sets
the initial value on grid movement equal to INIT*HGT.
Default = LB + factor*(UB-LB), if LB > 0.0 and UB > 0.0
Default = UB - factor*(UB-LB), if LB < 0.0 and UB < 0.0
Default = factor*max(abs(LB),UB), if LB < 0.0 and UB > 0.0
where:
factor = 0.0 if this DTPG is not used in a BEADFRAC response or is
used in a BEADFRAC response that is neither chosen as the
objective nor constrained.
factor = 0.9 if this DTPG is used in a BEADFRAC response that is
chosen as the objective.
factor = constraint_value if this DTPG is used in a BEADFRAC
response that is constrained.
(LB < Real < UB)
MASTER
MASTER flag indicating that this design variable may be used as a

master pattern for pattern repetition.
COORD
COORD flag indicating information regarding the coordinate system for

pattern repetition is to follow. This is required if either MASTER or
SLAVE flags are present.
CID
Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system that may

be used as the pattern repetition coordinate system. See comment
6.
CAID/XCA,
YCA, ZCA
Anchor point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point

may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and ZCA fields. These
coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system. See comment 6.
CFID/XCF, YCF, First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point may
ZCF
be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field or by entering X, Y,
930

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and ZCF fields. These
CSID/XCS,
YCS, ZCS
Second point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point

may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and ZCS fields. These
CTID/XCT,
YCT, ZCT
Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The point may
be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field or by entering X, Y,
and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and ZCT fields. These
SLAVE
SLAVE flag indicating that this design variable is slaved to the master
pattern definition referenced by the following DTPL_ID entry. See
comment 6.
DTPL_ID
DTPL identification number for a master pattern definition.

SX, SY, SZ
Scale factors for pattern repetition in X, Y, and Z directions

Comments
1.
The bead minimum width and draw angles are used to determine the geometry of the
shape variables. The figure below shows a cross-section of a single shape variable fully
extended normal to the plane of the design elements. The top of the bead is flat across
the circular area with a diameter equal to the minimum bead width parameter. The sides
of the bead taper down at an angle equal to the draw angle parameter.
Altair Engineering

931
Bead width and draw angle definitions
2.
The buffer zone is a parameter that controls how the interfaces between design and nondesign elements are treated. If active, OptiStruct will place the shape variables far
enough away from the non-design elements so that the proper bead widths and draw
angles are maintained. If inactive, the boundary between the beads and non-design
elements will have an abrupt transition. Any nodes that were skipped due to the
boundary skip parameter (field 10) will also have a buffer zone created around them.
Transitions between design and non-design elements with and without buffer zone
3.
Symmetry of topography optimization can be enforced across one, two, or three planes.
Defining symmetry planes for symmetric model and loading conditions is recommended
because automatic variable generation may not be symmetric if it is not enforced. A
symmetric mesh is not necessary, OptiStruct will create variables that are very close to
identical across the plane(s) of symmetry. If the mesh is larger on one side of the
plane(s) of symmetry than the other, OptiStruct will reflect variables created on the
positive side of the plane(s) of symmetry to the other side(s) but will not create
variables on the negative side(s) of the plane(s) of symmetry that do not overlap with
the positive side. The positive side of the plane(s) of symmetry is the one in which the
first vector, second vector, and cross product thereof are pointing toward.
4.
Variable pattern grouping may be defined for a DTPG card. OptiStruct will generate shape
variables based on the type of pattern selected in field 20. For variable grouping pattern
types 1 through 14, only the first vector and anchor node need to be defined. For
variable pattern grouping types 20 or higher, the first and second vectors need to be
defined as well as the anchor node. If a grid is used to define the first vector, the normal
vector will begin at the anchor point and extend towards the given grid (see below).
Grids or xyz data may be used for either the first vector, second vector, or anchor point
and can be a mixture, (that is the anchor point may be determined by a grid and the first
vector determined by xyz data or vice-versa).
One very useful feature for topography optimization in OptiStruct is the automatic
generation of shape variables in simple patterns. In many cases, due to manufacturing
constraints or the risk of elements being collapsed upon them during shape optimization, it
932

Altair Engineering
is required to create shape variables in patterns that conform to the desired shape of the
part. In basic topography optimization (TYP = 0), OptiStruct creates shape variables that
are circular. OptiStruct contains a library of different shape variable patterns which can
be accessed using the TYP parameter on the DTPG card.
Defining the first vector using a grid point
The second vector is calculated by taking the grid point or vector defined in fields 22, 23,
and 24 and projecting it onto plane 1. If a grid point was used to define the second
vector, the second vector is a vector running from the anchor node to the projected grid
point. If a vector was used to define the second vector, the base of the projected
vector is placed at the anchor point. The second vector is normal to plane 2 (see
below).
Plane 3 is determined to be normal to both plane 1 and plane 2 (see below).
5.
For a list of patterns supported by OptiStruct, refer to Pattern Grouping Options.
6.
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933
to produce similar topographical layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of

"Master" and "Slave" regions. A DTPG card may only contain one MASTER or SLAVE flag.
Bead parameters will not be exported for any DTPG cards containing the SLAVE flag. For
both "Master" and "Slave" regions, a pattern repetition coordinate system is required and
is described following the COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the coordinate
Four points are defined and these are utilized as follows to the define the coordinate
- A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the x-axis.
- The second point lies on the x-y plane, indicating the positive sense of the y-axis.
- The third point indicates the positive sense of the z-axis.
adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition page contained within the
User's Guide section Manufacturability for Topography Optimization.
7.
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Altair Engineering
DTPL
Bulk Data Entry
DTPL Design Variable for Topology Optimization
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of topology design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DTPL
ID
PTYPE
PID1
PID2
PID3
PID4
PID5
PID6
PID7
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for minimum thickness definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
TMIN
T0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Optional continuation lines for stress constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
STRESS
UBOUND
(5)
(6)
(7)
Optional continuation lines for member size constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MEMBSIZ MINDIM MAXDIM
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(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MINGAP

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Optional continuation lines for mesh type definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
MESH
MTYP
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for draw direction constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
DRAW
DTYP
DAID/
XDA
YDA
ZDA
DFID/
XDF
YDF
ZDF
OBST
OPID1
OPID2
OPID3
OPID4
OPID5
OPID6
OPID7
OPID8
(8)
(9)
NOHOLE
STAMP
TSTAMP
Optional continuation lines for extrusion constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
EXTR
ETYP
EPATH1
EPATH2
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(10)
EP1_ID1 EP1_ID2 EP1_ID3 EP1_ID4 EP1_ID5 EP1_ID6 EP1_ID7
EP1_ID8
EP2_ID1 EP2_ID2 EP2_ID3 EP2_ID4 EP2_ID5 EP2_ID6 EP2_ID7
EP2_ID8
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Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
C ID
C AID/
XC A
YC A
ZC A
C FID/
XC F
YC F
ZC F
C SID/
XC S
YC S
ZC S
C TID/
XC T
YC T
ZC T
(10)
MASTER
C OORD
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SLAVE
DTPL_ID
SX
SY
SZ
C OORD
C ID
C AID/
XC A
YC A
ZC A
C FID/
XC F
YC F
ZC F
C SID/
XC S
YC S
ZC S
C TID/
XC T
YC T
ZC T
(10)
Optional continuation lines for pattern grouping constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PATRN
TYP
AID/XA
YA
ZA
FID/XF
YF
ZF
UC YC
SID/XS
YS
ZS
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for material definition if PTYPE=COMP:

(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT
MATOPT
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Optional continuation lines for fatigue constraint definition:

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
FATIGUE
FTYPE
FBOUND
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(5)
(6)
(7)

937
Optional continuation lines for Level Set Method (Topology Optimization) activation:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
LEVELSE
T
HOLEIN
ST
HOLERA
D
NHOLES
X
NHOLES
Y
NHOLES
Z
(9)
(10)
Example 1
Define a topology design variable that allows the thickness of components referencing the
PSHELL properties 7, 8, and 17 to vary between 1.0 and 5.0 (the thickness defined on
PSHELL definitions with PID 7, 8, and 17 is 5.0). The optimized design should contain
members whose width is no less than 60.0 units.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DTPL
PSHELL
17
MEMBSIZ
60.0
TMIN
1.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
Define a topology design variable for components referencing the PSOLID properties 4, 5,
and 6. The optimized design should contain members whose diameter is no less than 60.0
units. The final design will be manufactured using a casting process, where the draw
direction lies along the x-axis. The components referencing PSOLID properties 10, 11, and
12 are non-designable, but will form part of the same casting as the designable
components.
938
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DTPL
PSOLID
MEMBSIZ
60.0
DRAW
SPLIT
0.0
0.0
0.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
1.0
0.0
0.0

(10)
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OBST
10
11
12
Field
Contents
ID
Each DTPL card must have a unique ID.

PTYPE
Property type for which DTPL card is defined, PBAR, PBARL,

PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PROD, PWELD, PSHELL, PCOMP, or
PSOLID.
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PROD,
PWELD, PSHELL, PCOMP, or PSOLID)
PID#
Property identification numbers. List of properties of type

PTYPE for which this DTPL card is defined. Use ALL in PID1
field, if it applies to all properties of type PTYPE in the
model.
If no PIDs are listed, OptiStruct will check all properties of
type PTYPE to see if they are to be included in the design
space (see help section for PCOMP, PSHELL, and PSOLID).
If any properties satisfy this search, then they will be
affected by entries on this card. In this situation (where no
PIDs are defined), only one DTPL card can be defined for the
given PTYPE.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, blank or ALL)
TMIN
TMIN flag indicating that minimum thickness value will follow.

Only valid when PTYPE = PSHELL.
If not present when PTYPE = PSHELL, then minimum
thickness will default to the T0 value defined on the PSHELL
card. If no T0 value is defined on the PSHELL card, the
minimum thickness will default to 0.0.
T0
Minimum thickness for PSHELL properties when the

referenced material is of type MAT1.
If PSHELL references a material which is not of type MAT1,
this value is ignored and T0 = 0.0 is used.
If no value is entered for T0, the T0 value on the PSHELL
card is used. If T0 is not defined on the PSHELL card, then
T0=0.0 is assumed.
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939
Field
Contents
STRESS
STRESS flag indicating that stress constraints are active

and that an upper bound value for stress is to follow. See
comment 1.
UBOUND
Upper bound constraint on stress.

MEMBSIZ
MEMBSIZ flag indicating that member size control is active

for the properties listed. Indicates that MINDIM and possibly
MAXDIM are to follow.
MINDIM
Specifies the minimum diameter of members formed. This

command is used to eliminate small members. It also
eliminates checkerboard results. See comment 2.
Default = No Minimum Member Size Control (Real > 0.0)
MAXDIM
Specifies the maximum diameter of members formed. This

command is used to prevent the formation of large members.
It can only be used in combination with MINDIM. See
comment 3.
Default = No Maximum Member Size Control (Real > 0.0)
MINGAP
Defines the minimum spacing between structural members

formed. This command can only be used in conjunction with
MAXDIM. See comment 3.
Default = blank (Real > MAXDIM)
MESH
MESH flag indicating that mesh type information is to follow.
MTYP
Indicates that the mesh conforms to certain rules for which

the optimizer is tuned. Currently, only the ALIGN option is
available. ALIGN indicates that when manufacturing
constraints are active, the mesh is aligned with the draw
direction or extrusion path. See comment 4.
Default = blank (ALIGN or blank)
DRAW
DRAW flag indicating that casting constraints are being

applied. Indicates that draw direction information is to
follow.
Only valid for PTYPE = PSOLID. OptiStruct will terminate
with an error if present for other PTYPEs.
940

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
DTYP
Type of draw direction constraint to be used. Can choose

between SINGLE, SPLIT, SPLIT2, or SPLIT3.
SINGLE indicates that a single die will be used, the die being
withdrawn in the given draw direction.
SPLIT allows the optimization of the splitting surface of two
dies, with both dies moving apart in the given draw
direction.
SPLIT2 and SPLIT3 provide alternative methods to optimize
the splitting surface. These should only be used in the case
where SPLIT creates non-castable cavities.
Default = SPLIT (SINGLE, SPLIT, SPLIT2, or SPLIT3)
DAID/XDA, YDA, ZDA
Draw direction anchor point. These fields define the anchor

point for draw direction of the casting. The point may be
defined by entering a grid ID in the DAID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XDA, YDA, and ZDA fields,
these coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first
field)
DFID/XDF, YDF, ZDF
Direction of vector for draw direction definition. These fields

define a point. The vector goes from the anchor point to
this point. The point may be defined by entering a grid ID in
the DFID field or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the
XDF, YDF, and ZDF fields, these coordinates will be in the
OBST
OBST flag indicating that a list of PIDs will follow which are
non-designable, but their interaction with designable parts
needs to be considered with regard to the defined draw
direction. OBST stands for obstacle.
Only recognized if DRAW flag is also present on same DTPL
card. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if OBST flag is
present without DRAW flag.
OPID#
Obstacle property identification number. List of nondesignable properties that are to be considered with regard
to the defined draw direction. These must be PSOLID.
No default (Integer > 0, blank or ALL)
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941
Field
Contents
NOHOLE
Prevents the formation of through-holes in the draw

direction. Note that it does not prevent holes perpendicular
to the draw direction. The assumed minimum thickness in
the draw direction is twice the average mesh size.
STAMP
STAMP flag forcing the design to evolve into a 3D shell

structure. Indicates that thickness, TSTAMP, is to follow.
See comment 5.
TSTAMP
Defines the thickness of the 3D shell structure that is

evolved with the STAMP option. The recommended minimum
thickness is three times the average mesh size. See
comment 5.
EXTR
EXTR flag indicating that extrusion constraints are being

applied. Indicates that extrusion information is to follow.
Only valid for PTYPE = PSOLID. OptiStruct will terminate
with an error if present for other PTYPEs.
ETYP
Type of extrusion constraint to be used. Can choose

between NOTWIST or TWIST.
NOTWIST indicates that the cross-section cannot twist
about the neutral axis, in which case only one path needs to
be defined.
TWIST indicates that the cross-section can twist about the
neutral axis, in which case two paths need to be defined.
Default = NOTWIST (NOTWIST or TWIST)
EPATH1
EPATH1 flag indicating that a list of grid IDs will follow to

define the primary extrusion path.
Only recognized if EXTR flag is also present on same DTPL
card. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if EPATH1 flag
is present without EXTR flag.
EP1_ID#
Primary extrusion path identification numbers. List of grid

IDs that define the primary extrusion path.
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Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
EPATH2
EPATH2 flag indicating that a list of grid IDs will follow to

define the secondary extrusion path. This is only required
when ETYP has been set to TWIST.
Only recognized if EXTR flag is also present on same DTPL
card. OptiStruct will terminate with an error if EPATH2 flag
is present without EXTR flag.
EP2_ID#
Secondary extrusion path identification numbers. List of grid

IDs that define the secondary extrusion path.
MASTER
MASTER flag indicating that this design variable may be used

as a master pattern for pattern repetition. See comment 7.
COORD

CID
Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system

that may be used as the pattern repetition coordinate
CAID/XCA, YCA, ZCA
Anchor point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and
ZCA fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CFID/XCF, YCF, ZCF
First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and
ZCF fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CSID/XCS, YCS, ZCS
Altair Engineering
Second point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field

943
Field
Contents
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and
ZCS fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CTID/XCT, YCT, ZCT
Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and
ZCT fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
SLAVE
SLAVE flag indicating that this design variable is slaved to

the master pattern definition referenced by the following
DTPL_ID entry. See comment 7.
DTPL_ID
DTPL identification number for a master pattern definition.

SX, SY, SZ
Scale factors for pattern repetition in X, Y, and Z directions

COORD

CID
Coordinate system ID for a rectangular coordinate system

that may be used as the pattern repetition coordinate
CAID/XCA, YCA, ZCA
Anchor point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CAID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCA, YCA, and
ZCA fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CFID/XCF, YCF, ZCF
944
First point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CFID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCF, YCF, and

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ZCF fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CSID/XCS, YCS, ZCS
Second point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CSID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCS, YCS, and
ZCS fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
CTID/XCT, YCT, ZCT
Third point for pattern repetition coordinate system. The

point may be defined by entering a grid ID in the CTID field
or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XCT, YCT, and
ZCT fields. These coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
PATRN
PATRN flag indicating that pattern grouping is active for the

properties listed. Indicates that information for pattern
grouping is to follow.
Only valid for PTYPE = PCOMP, PSHELL, and PSOLID.
OptiStruct will terminate with an error if present for other
PTYPEs.
TYP
Indicates the type of pattern grouping requested. See

comment 10.
Default = No Pattern Grouping (1, 2, 3, 9, 10, or 11)
AID/XA, YA, ZA
Anchor point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined

by entering a grid ID in the AID field or by entering X, Y, and
Z coordinates in the XA, YA, and ZA fields. These
coordinates will be in the basic coordinate system. See
comment 10.
Default = origin (Real in all three fields or Integer in first
field)
FID/XF, YF, ZF
Altair Engineering
First point for pattern grouping. The point may be defined

by entering a grid ID in the FID field or by entering X, Y, and
Z coordinates in the XF, YF, and ZF fields. These
comment 10.

945
Field
Contents
UCYC
Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry. This

field defines the number of radial "wedges" for cyclical
symmetry. The angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0 /
UCYC. See comment 10.
SID/XS, YS, ZS
Second point for pattern grouping. The point may be

defined by entering a grid ID in the SID field or by entering
X, Y, and Z coordinates in the XS, YS, and ZS fields. These
comment 10.
MAT
Indicates the type of composite topology optimization. Only

considered for PTYPE=PCOMP.
MATOPT
PLY: Indicates that the optimization should be performed at

the ply level. Topology design variables are applied to each
ply individually. This method allows the optimization process
to determine which orientation is preferred for each
element.
HOMO: Indicates that the optimization should be performed
on the homogenized shell. This is the method which was
used in previous versions of OptiStruct.
Default = PLY
FATIGUE
FATIGUE flag indicating that fatigue constraints are active

and their definitions are to follow.
FTYPE
Specifies the type of fatigue constraint; it can be DAMAGE,

LIFE or FOS.
FBOUND
Specifies the bound value. If FTYPE is DAMAGE, FBOUND will

be the upper bound of fatigue damage. If FTYPE is LIFE or
FOS, FBOUND will be the lower bound of fatigue life (LIFE) or
Factor of Safety (FOS), respectively.
No default (Real)
LEVELSET
946
LEVELSET flag indicating that the Level Set method (for

topology optimization) is activated and the definitions of the
required parameters follow.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
HOLEINST
Defines the method used to insert holes into the design.

NONE/ADAPT/ALIGN/TOPDER
DEFAULT = ADAPT
NONE: Indicates that there are no holes in the initial design,
and it will work similar to shape optimization.
ADAPT: Indicates that the optimization will start with a
cheese-like initial design, where the holes are adaptively
inserted into the design domain, as illustrated in Figure 2.
This works well with irregular design domains.
ALIGN: Indicates that the optimization will start with evenly
distributed holes aligned with axes X and Y (and Z for 3D) of
the basic coordinate system, as illustrated in Figure 3. This
option is specially developed for regular design domains.
TOPDER: Indicates that OptiStruct will automatically identify
locations for the insertion of holes during the optimization
process.
If the HOLEINST Field is blank, it is set to ADAPT by default
HOLERAD
<REAL NUMBER>
DEFAULT = 4 times the average mesh size
A real number that specifies the initial radius of the holes.
If the field HOLERAD is blank, the radius will be set to 4
times the average mesh size.
NHOLESX / NHOLESY /
NHOLESZ
<POSITIVE INTEGER>
A positive integer that specifies the number of holes in X
direction (when HOLEINST= ALIGN).
If the field NHOLESX is blank, OptiStruct will automatically
assign a number based on HOLERAD and the dimensions of
the domain.
NHOLESY and NHOLESZ can be inferred by analogy.
Comments
1.
Von Mises stress constraints may be defined for topology and free-size optimization
through the STRESS optional continuation line on the DTPL or the DSIZE card. There are
a number of restrictions with this constraint:
The definition of stress constraints is limited to a single von Mises permissible stress.
The phenomenon of singular topology is pronounced when different materials with
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947
different permissible stresses exist in a structure. Singular topology refers to the

problem associated with the conditional nature of stress constraints, that is, the stress
constraint of an element disappears when the element vanishes. This creates another
problem in that a huge number of reduced problems exist with solutions that cannot
usually be found by a gradient-based optimizer in the full design space.
Stress constraints for a partial domain of the structure are not allowed because they
often create an ill-posed optimization problem since elimination of the partial domain
would remove all stress constraints. Consequently, the stress constraint applies to the
entire model when active, including both design and non-design regions, and stress
constraint settings must be identical for all DSIZE and DTPL cards.
The capability has built-in intelligence to filter out artificial stress concentrations
around point loads and point boundary conditions. Stress concentrations due to
boundary geometry are also filtered to some extent as they can be improved more
effectively with local shape optimization.
Due to the large number of elements with active stress constraints, no element stress
report is given in the table of retained constraints in the .out file. The iterative
history of the stress state of the model can be viewed in HyperView or HyperMesh.
Stress constraints do not apply to 1D elements.
Stress constraints may not be used when enforced displacements are present in the
model.
2.
It is recommended that a MINDIM value be chosen such that it is at least 3 times, and no
greater than 12 times, the average element size. When pattern grouping, draw direction,
or extrusion constraints are active, a MINDIM value of 3 times the average element size is
enforced, and user-defined values (which are smaller than this value) will be replaced by
this value. However, in cases where a MINDIM greater than 12 times the average
element size is defined, irrespective of whether or not other manufacturing constraints
are defined, the value is reset to be equal to 12 times the average element size.
If MINDIM is defined, but no other manufacturing constraint exists, MINDIM will not be
reset to the recommended lower bound value for PTYPE = PSHELL or PSOLID, if the
defined value is less than the recommended value. For PTYPE = PCOMP, MINDIM will be
reset in the absence of manufacturing constraints.
3.
MAXDIM should at least be twice the value of MINDIM. If the input value of MAXDIM is
too small, OptiStruct automatically resets the value and an INFORMATION message is
printed.
The MAXDIM constraint introduces significant restriction to the design problem.
Therefore, it should only be used when it is a necessary design requirement. A study
without MAXDIM should always be carried out in order to compare the impact of this
additional constraint.
MAXDIM implies the application of a MINGAP constraint of the same value as MAXDIM, as
well. Therefore, for MINGAP to be effective, it should be greater than MAXDIM.
It is important to pay attention to volume fraction as the achievable volume is below 50%
when MAXDIM is defined, and further decreases as MINGAP increases.
4.
948
MTYP "ALIGN" may be used in conjunction with draw direction or extrusion manufacturing
constraints to indicate that a mesh is aligned with a draw direction or extrusion path.

Altair Engineering
Figure 1: Draw direction
Mesh 1 is "aligned" for draw direction 1 in the example shown, but not for draw direction
2.
MTYP "ALIGN" may also be used in conjunction with manufacturing constraints (minimum
member, maximum member, pattern grouping, and pattern repetition) other than draw
direction and extrusion, and Mesh 1 is considered "aligned" for those manufacturing
constraints, too.
In both cases, this will enable OptiStruct to use a smaller minimum member size and
smaller maximum member sizes. The default minimum member size is three times the
average element edge length; with an "aligned" mesh, the default size can be two times
the average element edge length.
Mesh 2 in the example shown is not "aligned" in any case.
5.
The stamping constraint is available for only one sheet, which is defined by the
combination of STAMP and DTYP as SINGLE.
It is recommended that the stamping thickness, TSTAMP, be chosen such that it is at
least 3 times the average element size. If TSTAMP is defined less than the minimum
recommended value, TSTAMP will be reset to the minimum recommended value.
STAMP and NOHOLE can be a good combination as this helps to produce a continuous/
spread shell structure.
Note that attention should be paid to the compatibility between thickness and target
volume.
6.
Extrusion constraints cannot be combined with draw direction constraints.
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949
7.
to produce similar topological layouts. This is facilitated through the definition of "Master"
and "Slave" regions. A DTPL card may only contain one MASTER or SLAVE flag.
Parameters will not be exported for any DTPL cards containing the SLAVE flag. For both
"Master" and "Slave" regions, a pattern repetition coordinate system is required and is
described following the COORD flag. In order to facilitate reflection, the coordinate
Four points are defined and these are utilized as follows to define the coordinate
- A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the x-axis.
- The second point lies on the x-y plane, indicating the positive sense of the y-axis.
- The third point indicates the positive sense of the z-axis.
adjusted.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Repetition page contained within the
User's Guide section Manufacturability for Topology Optimization.
8.
Pattern grouping is applicable for PCOMP, PSHELL, and PSOLID components only.
9.
For historic reasons, the SYMM flag may be used in place of the PATRN flag.
10. Currently there are six pattern grouping options:

This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point and first point to be defined. A
vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the plane of symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, and second point to
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane
of symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
symmetry.
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, and second point to
be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point is normal to the first plane
of symmetry. The second point is projected normally onto the first plane of symmetry. A
symmetry. The third plane of symmetry is orthogonal to both the first and second planes
of symmetry, passing through the anchor point.
Uniform (TYP = 9)
This type of pattern grouping does not require any additional input.
950

Altair Engineering
Cyclic (TYP = 10)

This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, and number of cyclical
repetitions to be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first point defines the
axis of symmetry.
Cyclic with symmetry (TYP = 11)
This type of pattern grouping requires the anchor point, first point, second point, and
number of cyclical repetitions to be defined. A vector from the anchor point to the first
point defines the axis of symmetry. The anchor point, first point, and second point all lay
on a plane of symmetry. A plane of symmetry lies at the center of each cyclical
repetition.
For a more detailed description, refer to the Pattern Grouping page contained within the
User's Guide section Manufacturability for Topology Optimization.
11. The level set method can merge existing holes but cannot nucleate new holes in the
design domain. Therefore, creating an initial design with holes is necessary, especially for
2D design problems (For 3D design problems, new holes can be tunneled when two
surfaces merged).
12. By default, OptiStruct will automatically create a Cheese-Like initial design with holes
adaptively distributed over the design domain, as shown in Figure 2. The default hole
radius is 4.0 times the average mesh size.
Figure 2: A C heese-Like Initial design generated with (left) the default setting, and (right) double hole
radius.
13. Changing the value of HOLERAD can result in different initial designs. Figure 2 (Right)
shows an initial design filled with holes possessing a doubled hole radius when compared
to Figure 2 (Left). If the you wish to create an initial design with evenly distributed and
well aligned holes (this may be preferable for regular design domains), HOLEINST can be
set to ALIGN. The number of holes in each direction can be further specified by using
NHOLESX, NHOLESY and NHOLESZ as shown in Figure 3.
Altair Engineering

951
Figure 3: A C heese-Like initial design with 3-by-5 evenly distributed holes generated using the following
settings: HOLEINST=ALIGN, NHOLESX=5 and NHOLESY=3.
14. Currently, level set supports both SINGLE and SPLIT draw direction constraints. When
multiple DTPL cards are involved, the draw directions need to be the same. The
information needed for draw direction constraint is read from the DTPL cards and thus no
extra settings are required.
15. This card is represented as an optimization design variable in HyperMesh.
952

Altair Engineering
DVCREL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVCREL1 Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Element Properties
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to an analysis model element property using the equation:
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVC REL1
ID
TYPE
EID
EPNAME/FID
DVID1
C OEF1
DVID2
C OEF2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C0
etc.
Field
Contents
ID
Relationship identification number. ID must be unique with respect to

other DVCREL1 cards.
TYPE
Element type to be related (See DVCREL - Types)

EID
Element Identification Number.

EPNAME/FID Element property name, such as "K" or ZOFFS" (as in the documentation
of the element bulk data entries), or field number on an element bulk
data entry.
No default (Character or Integer > 0)
C0
Constant in relationship equation.
Altair Engineering

953
Field
Contents
DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
COEFi
Coefficient in relationship equation.

Comments
1.
954
This card is represented as an optimization design variable property relationship in

HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
DVCREL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVCREL2 Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Element Properties via Relationship
Defined by User-supplied Equation
Description
Relates design variables to an analysis model element property using a relationship defined by
a DEQATN card. The equation inputs come from the referenced DESVAR values and constants
defined on a DTABLE card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVC REL2
ID
TYPE
EID
EPNAME/
FID
DESVAR
DVID1
DVID2
DVID3
DVID8
DVID9
etc.
LABL1
LABL2
LABL3
LABL8
etc.
DTABLE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EQID
DVID4
DVID5
DVID6
DVID7
LABL4
LABL5
LABL6
LABL7
Field
Contents
ID

other DVCREL2 cards.
TYPE
Element type to be related (See DVCREL - Types)

EID
Element Identification Number.

Altair Engineering

955
Field
Contents
EPNAME/FID Element property name, such as "K" or ZOFFS" (as in the documentation
of the element bulk data entries), or field number on an element bulk
data entry.
EQID

DESVAR
DVID#
DESVAR ID.
DTABLE
LABL#
Constant label. Must match with a constant label of a DTABLE entry.

Comments
1.
956

HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
DVCREL - Types
Types
Depending on the TYPE entry, the FID of the appropriate design parameter can be determined
from the table below.
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
CONM1
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
M11
M21
M22
M31
M32
Field
10
FID 11-20
M33
M41
M42
M43
M44
M51
M52
M53
FID 21-30
M54
M55
M61
M62
M63
M64
M65
M66
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
X1
X2
X3
Type
Field
1
CONM2
FID 1120
Type
Field
1
I11
I21
I22
I31
I32
I33
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
CMASS2
Type
Field
1
Field
2
CMASS4
Type
Field
3
M
Field
1
CDAMP2
Altair Engineering
Field
2
Field
3
B

957
Type
Field
1
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
2
CDAMP4
Type
Field
3
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
X1
X2
X3
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
CBAR
FID 1120
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
W1A
W2A
W3A
W1B
W2B
W3B
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
X1
X2
X3
CBEAM
FID 1120
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
W1A
W2A
W3A
W1B
W2B
W3B
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
NSM
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
GE
Field
8
Field
9
GE
CONROD
Type
Field
1
Field
2
CELAS2
Type
CELAS4
958
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7

Field
10
Field
10
Field
10
Field
10
Altair Engineering
Type
Field
1
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
2
Field
3
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
CTRIA3
Type
ZOFFS
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
CTRIA6
FID 11-20
Type
ZOFFS
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
CQUAD4
Type
ZOFFS
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
CQUAD8
FID 11-20
Altair Engineering
ZOFFS

959
DVGRID
Bulk Data Entry
DVGRID Relationship between Design Variable and Grid Point Location
Description
Defines the relationship between a design variable and a grid point location.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DVGRID
DVID
GID
C ID
C OEFF
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
DVGRID
1032
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
Field
Contents
DVID
DESVAR identification number.
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
GID
GRID identification number.

(Integer > 0)
CID

COEFF
Multiplier to the vector defined in fields 6, 7, and 8.
X, Y, Z
Components of the vector defining the perturbation of the grid in the

coordinate system defined by CID.
960

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
A CID of zero or blank references the basic coordinate system.
2.
Multiple references to the same grid ID will yield a summation of perturbation vectors for
the given grid.
3.
The DVGRID data defines perturbations in the locations of the grids. The updated
location of the grid is:
where, DVj is the value of design variable j and [N]T is the coordinate transformation
matrix based on the CID and the GRID location.
4.
Altair Engineering

961
DVMBRL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVMBRL1 Relates Design Variables to Properties of MBD Entities
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to properties of an MBD entity using the equation:
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DVMBRL1
ID
TYPE
BID/EID
PNAME
DVID1
C OEF1
DVID2
C OEF2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C0
etc.
Example 1
To relate the translational x component of stiffness value (K1) on a CMBUSH whose ID is 22

to Design Variable 5.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMBRL1
88
C MBUSH
22
K1
1.
5.00
1.50
9.90
DESVAR
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
0.0
Example 2
To relate the mass of a rigid boy whose ID is 3 to design variable 5.

(1)
962
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

Altair Engineering
DVMBRL1
DESVAR
88
PRBODY
1.
5.00
1.50
9.90
0.0
Field
Contents
ID
Response identity. ID must be unique with respect to other DVMBRL1 and

DVMBRL2 cards.
TYPE
MBD entity type to be related (see table below).

BID/EID
Body ID or Element ID number. When TYPE is PRBODY, this field is the ID

number of a rigid body. When TYPE is CMBUSH(M), CMBEAM(M), or
CMSPDP(m), this field is the ID number of a corresponding element.
PNAME
Property name, such as "A" or "L" (as in the documentation of the

PRBODY, CMBEAM(M), CMBUSH(M), and CMSPDP(M) cards).
C0

DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
COEFi

Altair Engineering

963
Comments
1.
Available TYPEs are PRBODY, CMBUSH, CMBUSHM, CMBEAM, CMBEAMM, CMSPDP, and
CMSPDPM.
2.
MBD entity type information:

TYPE
Available PNAME
PRBODY
IXX
IYY
IZZ
IXY
IXZ
IYZ
CMBEAM/CMBEAMM
CMBUSH/CMBUSHM
964
X component of center of gravity.
Y component of center of gravity.
Z component of center of gravity.
Undeformed length along the Xaxis of

the beam.
I1
Area moment of inertia in plane 1

about the neutral axis.
I2

Torsional constant.
K1 ~ K2
K1 ~ K3

Altair Engineering
TYPE
CMSPDP/CMSPDPM
3.
Available PNAME
K4 ~ K6
B1 ~ B3
B4 ~ B6
Rotational damping.
P1 ~ P3
P4 ~ P6
Rotational preload.
Stiffness
Damping
PF
Preload force.

HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

965
DVMBRL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVMBREL2 Relates Design Variables to Properties of MBD Entities via Relationship Defined
by User-supplied Equation
Description
Relates a design variable to properties of MBD entities using a relationship defined by a
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMBRL2
ID
PTYPE
BID/EID
PNAME
DESVAR
DVID1
DVID2
DVID3
DVID8
DVID9
etc.
LABL1
LABL2
LABL3
LABL8
etc.
DTABLE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EQID
DVID4
DVID5
DVID6
DVID7
LABL4
LABL5
LABL6
LABL7
Field
Contents
ID
Relationship identity. ID must be unique with respect to other DVMBRL1 and

DVMBRL2 cards.
TYPE
Property type to be related (see table below).

BID/EID
Body ID or Element ID number. When TYPE is PRBODY, this field is ID

number of a rigid body. When TYPE is CMBUSH(M), CMBEAM(M), or
CMSPDP(m), this field is ID number of a corresponding element.
966

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
PNAME
Property name, such as "A" or "L" (as in the documentation of the PRBODY,
CMBEAM(M), CMBUSH(M), and CMSPDP(M) cards).
EQID

DESVAR
DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
DTABLE
LABLi

Comments
1.
Available TYPE are PRBODY, CMBUSH, CMBUSHM, CMBEAM, CMBEAMM, CMSPDP, and
CMSPDPM.
2.
Property type table:

TYPE
Available PNAME
PRBODY
IXX
IYY
IZZ
IXY
IXZ
IYZ
Altair Engineering

967
TYPE
CMBEAM/CMBEAMM
CMBUSH/CMBUSHM
CMSPDP/CMSPDPM
968
Available PNAME
X
X component of center of gravity.
Y component of center of gravity.
Z component of center of gravity.
Undeformed length along the Xaxis of

the beam.
I1

I2

Torsional constant.
K1 ~ K2
K1 ~ K3
K4 ~ K6
B1 ~ B3
B4 ~ B6
Rotational damping.
P1 ~ P3
P4 ~ P6
Rotational preload.
Stiffness
Damping

Altair Engineering
TYPE
Available PNAME
PF
3.
Preload force

HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

969
DVMREL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVMREL1 Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Material Properties
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to an analysis model material property using the equation:
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMREL1
ID
TYPE
MID
MPNAME/
FID
DVID1
C OEF1
DVID2
C OEF2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C0
etc.
Example 1
To relate the Damping Coefficient value on a MAT1 card (field 9) to Design Variable 5.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMREL
1
17
MAT1
22
1.0
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.0
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines MPNAME in place of
FID.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMREL
17
MAT1
22
GE
970
(6)
(7)

(8)
(9)
(10)
0.0
Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.0
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DESVAR
GE
1.0
2.0
0.5
MAT1
22
2.1e5
0.3
7.85e-9
(7)
(8)
1.0
Field
Contents
ID

other DVMREL1 cards.
TYPE
Material type to be related (MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, MAT8, and

MAT9).
MID

MPNAME/FID
Material property name, such as "E" or RHO" (as in the documentation of

the material bulk data entries), or field number on a material bulk data
entry.
C0

DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
Altair Engineering

971
COEFi

Comments
1.
972
See the DVMREL - Types section for details on the supported material fields and the
MPNAME/FID entries.

Altair Engineering
DVMREL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVMREL2 Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Material Property
Description
Relates design variables to an analysis model material property using a relationship defined by
a DEQATN card. The equation inputs come from the referenced DESVAR values and constants
defined on a DTABLE card.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMREL2
ID
TYPE
MID
MPNAME/
FID
DESVAR
DVID1
DVID2
DVID3
DVID8
DVID9
etc.
LABL1
LABL2
LABL3
LABL8
etc.
DTABLE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EQID
DVID4
DVID5
DVID6
DVID7
LABL4
LABL5
LABL6
LABL7
Example 1
To relate the Damping Coefficient value on a MAT1 card (field 9) to some user-defined
relationship of design variables 5 and 6 and the table entry GE0.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMREL
2
17
MAT1
22
DESVAR
DTABLE
GE0
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
Altair Engineering

973
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines MPNAME in place of
FID.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVMREL
2
17
MAT1
22
GE
DESVAR
DTABLE
GE0
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DESVAR
GE1
1.0
2.0
0.5
DESVAR
GE2
1.0
1.0
0.01
DTABLE
GE0
0.01
DEQATN
MAT1
22
(7)
(8)
GE(GE1, GE2, GE0) = GE0+(GE1*GE2)

2.1e5
0.3
7.85e-9
1.0
Field
Contents
ID

other DVMREL2 cards.
TYPE
Material type to be related (MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, MAT8, and

MAT9).
MID

974

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
MPNAME/FID
Material property name, such as "E" or RHO" (as in the documentation

of the material bulk data entries), or field number on a material bulk data
entry.
EQID

DESVAR
DVID#
DESVAR ID.
DTABLE
LABL#
Constant label. Must match with a constant label of a DTABLE entry.

Comments
1.
See the DVMREL - Types section for details on the supported material fields and the
MPNAME/FID entries.
Altair Engineering

975
DVMREL - Types
Types
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
NU
RHO
TREF
GE
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
G11
G12
G13
G22
G23
G33
RHO
A1
A2
A12
TREF
GE
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
RHO
Field
9
Field
10
Field
10
MAT1
Type
Field
1
Field
2
MAT2
FID 1120
Type
Field
1
MAT4
Type
Field
1
Field
2
MAT5
FID 11-20
Type
Field
1
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
KXX
KXY
KXZ
KYY
KYZ
KZZ
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
E1
E2
NU12
G12
G1,Z
G2,Z
RHO
A2
TREF
A1
FID 21-
GE
976
Field
3
HGEN
FID 1120
Field
10
HGEN
RHO
MAT8
Field
10

Altair Engineering
30
Type
Field
1
Field
2
MAT9
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
G16
G22
FID 11-20
G23
G24
G25
G26
G33
G34
G35
G36
FID 21-30
G44
G45
G46
G55
G56
G66
RHO
A1
FID 31-40
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
TREF
GE
Altair Engineering

Field
10
977
DVPREL1
Bulk Data Entry
DVPREL1 Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Properties
Description
Linearly relates a design variable to an analysis model property using the equation:
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DVPREL1
ID
TYPE
PID
PNAME/
FID
DVID1
C OEF1
DVID2
C OEF2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
C0
etc.
Example 1
To relate the thickness value on a PSHELL card (field 4) to Design Variable 5.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVPREL1
88
PSHELL
1.
5.00
1.50
9.90
DESVAR
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.0
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines PNAME.
978

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVPREL1
88
PSHELL
1.
5.00
1.50
9.90
DESVAR
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.0
Field
Contents
ID

other DVPREL1 cards.
TYPE
Property type to be related (see DVPREL - Types).

PID
Property identification number. When PTYPE is PCOMPG, G# may be

used where # is the GPLYID. When PTYPE is PCOMPP, P# may be used
where # is the PLY ID. See comment 2.
PNAME/FID
Property name, such as "A" or "T" (as in the documentation of the

property cards), or field number in property card (see table below). For
the PSHELL property 12I/T3, only the filed number (6) is allowed. For
PBARL and PBEAML only property names are allowed, as different
sections use different fields.
C0

DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
Altair Engineering

979
Field
Contents
COEFi

Comments
1.
TYPE cannot be PSOLID.

a) The DDVAL field of a DESVAR bulk data entry.
b) The SPTID field of a RSPINR bulk data entry.
2.
When TYPE is PCOMPG, either global plies or property specific plies may be selected.
To select property specific plies, the format is similar to that used for other property
types where the property identification number of the PCOMPG is entered in the PID field
and then either PNAME or FID is used to identify the value to be related. In this scenario,
only the property with an ID given in the PID field is affected.
To select global plies, G# is entered in the PID field where, # is the GPLYID of a global
ply. In this instance, FID is not applicable so T or THETA is used in the PNAME field to
relate either the thickness or orientation respectively. In this scenario, all plies that use
the given GPLYID are affected.
When TYPE is PCOMPP, P# is entered in the PID field where # is the ID of a PLY entity.
In this instance, FID is not applicable so T or THETA is used in the PNAME field to relate
either the thickness or orientation respectively.
3.
PBEAML definitions with more than one section definition may not be referenced by a
DVPREL1.
4.
Properties of PBARL/PBEAML have to be controlled through DIMs (cannot be controlled

directly), with the exception of NSM.
5.
When TYPE is PBARL or PBEAML, users should pay close attention to the variable ranges
to avoid invalid dimensions. For example, the inner radius of a tube cross-section cannot
exceed the outer radius. It is necessary to prevent combinations of dimensions from
taking on values that are physically meaningless. Some constraints are applied
automatically on section dimensions. The table below summarizes these constraints.
Constraints are satisfied when they are < 0.0.
Section Type Constraint
TUBE
DIM2 DIM1
DIM4 DIM2
DIM4 DIM3
980

Altair Engineering

DIM5 + DIM6 DIM1
CHAN
2 * DIM4 DIM2
DIM3 DIM1
DIM3 DIM2
DIM4 DIM1
BOX
DIM4 DIM1
DIM3 DIM2
CROSS
DIM4 DIM3
DIM4 DIM3
T1
DIM4 DIM1
I1
DIM3 DIM4
CHAN1
DIM3 DIM4
DIM3 DIM4
CHAN2
DIM2 DIM3
2 DIM1 DIM4
T2
DIM4 DIM1
DIM3 DIM2
BOX1
DIM4 + DIM3 DIM2

DIM5 + DIM6 DIM1
Altair Engineering

981

HEXA
2 * DIM1 DIM2
HAT
2 * DIM2 DIM1
2 * DIM2 DIM3
DIM3 DIM2
DIM4 DIM1
HAT1
DIM3 DIM1
2 * DIM4 DIM2
2 * DIM4 + DIM5 DIM2
6.
982

Altair Engineering
DVPREL2
Bulk Data Entry
DVPREL2 Relates Design Variables to Analysis Model Properties via Relationship Defined by
User-supplied Equation
Description
Relates a design variable to an analysis model property using a relationship defined by a
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVPREL2
ID
TYPE
PID
PNAME/
FID
DESVAR
DVID1
DVID2
DVID3
DVID8
DVID9
etc.
LABL1
LABL2
LABL3
LABL8
etc.
DTABLE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EQID
DVID4
DVID5
DVID6
DVID7
LABL4
LABL5
LABL6
LABL7
Example 1
A rectangular bar of width W and depth D is defined using the PBAR card. The required
fields on the PBAR for Area, I1 and I2 are all related to the width and depth, which are the
design variables, by the referenced equations.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVPREL2
201
PBAR
101
DESVAR
203
PBAR
102
DVPREL2
Altair Engineering
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

983
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
DESVAR
204
PBAR
DESVAR
DVPREL2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
103
Example 2
This example is the same as example 1 (above), except that it defines PNAME.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
DVPREL2
201
PBAR
101
DESVAR
203
PBAR
I1
102
DESVAR
204
PBAR
I2
103
DESVAR
DVPREL2
DVPREL2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Associated Cards
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
DESVAR
6.0
1.0
10.0
DESVAR
5.0
1.0
20.0
DEQATN
101
AREA(W,D) = W*D
DEQATN
102
I1(W,D) = (W*D**3)/12
984
(7)
(8)

(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
DEQATN
103
PBAR
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
I2(W,D) = (D*W**3)/12
222
0.1
19e-4
1e-3
Field
Contents
ID
Relationship identification number. ID must be unique with respect to other

DVPREL1 cards.
TYPE
Property type to be related (see DVPREL - Types).

PID
Property identification number. When PTYPE is PCOMPG, G# may be used

where # is the GPLYID. When PTYPE is PCOMPP, P# may be used where #
is the PLY ID. See comment 5.
PNAME/
FID
Property name, such as "A" or "T" (as in the documentation of the property
cards), or field number in property card (see table below). For the PSHELL
property 12I/T3, only the filed number (6) is allowed. For PBARL and
PBEAML only property names are allowed, as different sections use different
fields.
EQID

DESVAR
DVIDi
DESVAR ID.
DTABLE
Altair Engineering

985
Field
Contents
LABLi

Comments
1.
Type cannot be PSOLID.
2.
When Type is PBARL or PBEAML, users should pay close attention to the variable ranges
to avoid invalid dimensions.
3.
PBEAML definitions with more than one section definition may not be referenced by a
DVPREL1.
4.
Properties of PBARL/PBEAML have to be controlled through DIMs (cannot be controlled

directly), with the exception of NSM.
5.
When TYPE is PCOMPG, either global plies or property specific plies may be selected.
To select property specific plies, the format is similar to that used for other property
types where the property identification number of the PCOMPG is entered in the PID field
and then either PNAME or FID is used to identify the value to be related. In this scenario,
only the property with an ID given in the PID field is affected.
To select global plies, G# is entered in the PID field where # is the GPLYID of a global ply.
either the thickness or orientation respectively. In this scenario, all plies that use the
given GPLYID are affected.
When TYPE is PCOMPP, P# is entered in the PID field where # is the ID of a PLY entity.
either the thickness or orientation respectively.
6.
986

Altair Engineering
DVPREL - Types
Types
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
CONM2
FID 11-20
Type
Field
1
Field
8
X1
X2
X3
Field
9
Field
10
Field
9
Field
10
I22
I13
I23
I33
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
I1
I2
NSM
D2
E1
E2
F1
F2
C1
C2
D1
FID 21-30
K1
K2
I12
Type
Field
7
I12
FID 11-20
PBARL
Field
6
I11
PBAR
Type
Field
5
Field numbers are not allowed for PBARL.

DIMi
NSM
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
PBEAM
FID 11-20
C 1(A)
C 2(A)
K1(A)
K2(A)
Field
4
Field
5
Field
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
A(A)
I1(A)
I2(A)
I12(A)
J(A)
NSM(A)
D1(A)
D2(A)
E1(A)
E2(A)
F1(A)
F2(A)
NSI(A)
NSI(B)
Field
10
FID 21-30
FID 31-40
Altair Engineering

987
FID 41-50
Type
M1(A)
M2(A)
M1(B)
M2(B)
N1(A)
N2(A)
N1(B)
N2(B)
Field numbers are not allowed for PBEAML.
PBEAML
Type
DIMi
NSM
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
GE1
GE2
GE3
GE4
GE5
GE6
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
PCOMP
Z0
NSM
FID 11-20
T1
THETA1
T2
THETA4
FID 21-30
T3
THETA3
Field
3
Field
4
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Z0
NSM
PBUSH
Type
Field
1
Type
Field
1
PCOMPG
FID 11-20
988
Field
2
Field
2
T1
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
10
THETA1

Altair Engineering
FID 21-20
T2
THETA2
Type
PCOMPG
Type
Field numbers do not apply for PCOMPG when referencing global plies. See
comment 2 (DVPREL1).
T
THETA
Field
1
Field
2
PCOMPP
Type
Field
1
Field
2
PDAMP
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Z0
NSM
Field
3
Field
4
Field
3
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
Field
4
Altair Engineering
Field
2
Field
3
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
4
Field
1
Field
5
PMASS
Type
Field
4
PELAS
Type
Field
3
Field
5
Field
5
Field
8
Fiel
d
6
Field
4
Field
7
Field
7
Field
7
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
8
Field
9

Field
10
Fiel
d
Field
9
Field
10
989
6
PROD
Type
Field
1
Field
2
Field
3
PSHELL
Field
1
Z1
Z2
Field
2
Field
3
Field
1
PVISC
990
Field
2
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
12*
I/T3
Field
8
Field
9
TS/T
NSM
Field
10
Field
8
Field
9
Field
10
Field
9
Field
10
ZOF
FS
Field
4
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
NSM
F1
F2
Field
3
Field
4
Field
5
Fiel
d
6
Field
7
Field
8
CE
CR
CE
CR
PSHEAR
Type
Field
5
FID 11-20
Type
Field
4
NSM

Altair Engineering
EDGEBH
Bulk Data Entry
EDGEBH Edge Blank Holder Definition for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines geometry and restraining force per unit length for an edge blank holder in a one-step
stamping simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
EDGEBH
EID
S1
T2
S2
T2
BFORC E
BSID
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
EDGEBH
-1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
100.0
Field
Contents
EID

S1, T1
Parametric entry points for the line.

No default (Real; | S1, T1 | < 1.0)
S2, T2
Parametric exit points for the line.

BFORCE
Blank holder restraining force.

No default (Real)
BSID
Blank holder set identifier for retrieving the input file back to HyperForm.
Not used by the solver.
Altair Engineering

991
Comments
1.
992

Altair Engineering
EDRAWB
Bulk Data Entry
EDRAWB Draw Bead Definition for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines location and restraining force per unit length for a draw bead in a one-step stamping
simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
EDRAWB
EID
S1
T2
S2
T2
DFORC E
DSID
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
EDRAW
B
13
-1.0
1.0
1.0
-1.0
100.0
Field
Contents
EID

S1, T1
Parametric entry points for the line.

S2, T2
Parametric exit points for the line.

DFORCE
Draw bead restraining force per unit length.

No default (Real)
DSID
Draw bead set identifier for retrieving the input file back to HyperForm. Not
used by the solver.
Altair Engineering

993
Comments
1. This entry is only valid with an @HyperForm statement in the first line of the input file.
994

Altair Engineering
EIGC
Bulk Data Entry
EIGC Complex Eigenvalue Extraction Data
Description
Defines data required to perform complex eigenvalue analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
EIGC
SID
(4)
(5)
(6)
NORM
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ND0
Continuation for EIGC

ALPHAAJ OMEGAAJ
ND1
Example 1
(1)
(2)
EIC G
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MAX
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
15
Example 2
(1)
(2)
EIGC
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MAX
15
Example 3
Altair Engineering

995
(1)
(2)
EIGC
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAX
1000.0
1000.0
Field
Contents
SID
Unique set identification number.
15

NORM
Indicates the option for normalizing eigenvectors.

MAX - Normalize the component having the largest magnitude to a
unit value for the real part and a zero value for the imaginary part.
POINT - Normalize the component defined in fields 5 and 6 to a unit
value for the real part and a zero value for the imaginary part. The
value for NORM defaults to MAX if the magnitude of the defined
component is zero.
Default = MAX
Grid or scalar point identification number. Required if and only if NORM

= POINT.
Component number. Required if and only if NORM = POINT and G is a

geometric grid point.
ND0
Desired number of roots and eigenvectors to be extracted.

ND1
Desired number of roots and eigenvectors to be extracted.

ALPHAAJ
Real part of the shift point.

996

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
OMEGAAJ
Imaginary part of the shift point.

Comments
1.
ND0 is required if there is no continuation, and it must be empty if there is a continuation

line.
2.
ALPHAAJ and OMEGAAJ are only useful for direct complex eigenvalue analysis. If there is
no METHOD command present in the subcase control area, the direct method is
considered for the complex eigenvalue analysis. Otherwise, modal method is used.
3.
The 3rd field is reserved for a numerical complex eigensolution (METHOD). Currently, this
field should be left blank;however, certain method types (INV, HESS and CLAN) will be
accepted, but there will be no effect on the analysis.
Altair Engineering

997
EIGRA
Bulk Data Entry
EIGRA Real Eigenvalue Extraction Data using Automated Multi-Level Sub-structuring
Description
Defines the data required to perform real eigenvalue analysis with the Automated Multi-Level
Sub-structuring technique.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
EIGRA
SID
V1
V2
ND
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
AMPFFAC T
(10)
NORM
Example
(1)
EIGRA
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
0.1
3.2
10
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

V1,V2
Frequency range of interest in cycles per unit time.

V2 must be present.
Default = 0.0 for V1 (V1 < V2, Real, or blank for V1)
ND
Number of roots desired. See comment 3.

AMPFFACT
998
Amplification Factor. The substructure modes are solved up to the

frequency of AMPFFACT*V2. Higher values of AMPFFACT will lead to

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
more accurate results and longer running times. See comments 6 and
9.
NORM
Method used for eigenvector normalization. If MASS, then eigenvectors

are normalized to the unit value of the generalized mass. If MAX, then
eigenvectors are normalized to the unit value of the largest
displacement in the analysis set.
Default = MASS for normal modes analysis.
Comments
1.
The units of V1 and V2 are cycles per unit time.
2.
The eigenvectors are normalized with respect to the mass matrix by default.
3.
The roots are found in order of increasing magnitude; those closest to zero are found
first. The number and type of roots to be found can be determined from the following
table.
V1
V2
ND
Number and Type of Roots Found
V1
V2
ND
Lowest ND or all in range, whichever is smaller.
V1
V2
blank
All in range.
blank
V2
ND
Lowest ND roots below V2.
blank
V2
blank
All below V2.
4.
Eigenvalues are sorted in the order of magnitude for output.
5.
In vibration analysis, small negative roots are usually computational zeros, indicating rigid
body modes. Finite negative roots are an indication of modeling problems. If V1 is set to
zero explicitly, V1 is ignored.
6.
AMPFFACT is used to increase the accuracy of the eigenvalue and eigenvectors at the
expense of slightly longer run times. It is recommended to use higher values of
AMPFFACT, between [5.0, 15.0], for solid structures like engine blocks and suspension
components.
7.
EIGRA data can be referenced by multiple normal modes subcases with different MPC set
SIDs in each subcase. However, only one can be used for modal frequency response or
modal transient analysis.
Altair Engineering

999
8.
EIGRA data can be referenced by multiple modal dynamic subcases, if the MPC set SID is
the same in each SUBCASE and the set of SPCD DOF is the same in each SUBCASE.
Additionally, multiple eigenvalue analysis subcases can be used with AMSES, however,
only one can be used for modal frequency response or modal transient analysis.
9.
If AMPFFACT is not specified by you and the model contains a large number of solid
elements, then the value of AMPFFACT is automatically reset to 10.
1000 OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide

Altair Engineering
EIGRL
Bulk Data Entry
EIGRL Real Eigenvalue Extraction Data, Lanczos Method
Description
Defines data required to perform real eigenvalue analysis (vibration or buckling) with the
Lanczos Method.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EIGRL
SID
V1
V2
ND
MSGLVL
MAXSET
SHFSC L
NORM
Example
(1)
(2)
EIGRL
(3)
(4)
(5)
0.1
3.2
10
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

V1,V2
For vibration analysis: Frequency range of interest

For buckling analysis: Eigenvalue range of interest. See comments 3, 4,
and 10.
Default = blank (V1 < V2, Real, or blank)
ND
Number of roots desired. See comments 3 and 4.

MSGLVL
Diagnostic level.
Altair Engineering
OptiStruct 13.0 Reference Guide 1001

Field
Contents
Default = 0 (Integer 0 through 4 or blank)
MAXSET
Number of vectors in block or set.

Default = 8 (Integer 1 through 16 or blank)
SHFSCL
For vibration analysis: Estimate of the frequency of the first flexible

mode.
For buckling analysis: Estimate of the first eigenvalue. See comment 9.
NORM
Method used for eigenvector normalization. If MASS, then eigenvectors

are normalized to the unit value of the generalized mass (this is not a
valid option for linear buckling analysis). If MAX, then eigenvectors are
normalized to the unit value of the largest displacement in the analysis
set.
Default = MASS for normal modes analysis; Default = MAX for linear
buckling analysis (MASS or MAX)
Comments
1.
In vibration analysis, the units of V1 and V2 are cycles per unit time. In buckling analysis,
V1 and V2 are eigenvalues. Each buckling eigenvalue is the factor by which the
prebuckling state of stress is multiplied to produce buckling in the shape defined by the
corresponding eigenvector.
2.
In vibration analysis, eigenvectors are normalized with respect to the mass matrix by
default. In buckling analysis, eigenvectors are normalized to have unit value. NORM =
MASS is not a valid option for linear buckling analysis.
3.
The roots are found in order of increasing magnitude: that is, those closest to zero are
found first. The number and type of roots to be found can be determined from the
following table. In vibration analysis, blank V1 defaults to -10.
V1
V2
ND
V1
V2
ND
Lowest ND or all in range, whichever is smaller.
V1
V2
blank
All in range
V1
blank
ND
Lowest ND in range [V1, + ]

Altair Engineering
V1
V2
ND
V1
blank
blank
Lowest root in range [V1, + ]
blank
blank
ND
Lowest ND roots in [-,+]
blank
blank
blank
Lowest root.
blank
V2
ND
Lowest ND roots below V2
blank
V2
blank
All below V2
4.
The Lanczos eigensolver provides two different ways of solving the problem. If the
eigenvalue range is defined with no upper bound (V2 blank) and less than 50 modes (ND <
50), the faster method is applied.
5.
Eigenvalues are sorted in the order of magnitude for output. An eigenvector is found for
each eigenvalue.
6.
In vibration analysis, small negative roots are usually computational zeros, indicating rigid
body modes. Finite negative roots are an indication of modeling problems. If V1 is set to
zero explicitly, V1 is ignored. It is recommended that V1 not be set to zero when
extracting rigid body modes.
7.
MSGLVL controls the amount of diagnostic output during the eigenvalue extraction. The
default value of zero suppresses all diagnostic output. A value of one prints eigenvalues
accepted at each shift. Higher values result in increasing levels of diagnostic output.
8.
MAXSET is used to limit the maximum block size in the Lanczos solver. It may be reduced
if there is insufficient memory available. The default value is recommended.
9.
A specification of SHFSCL may improve the performance of a vibration analysis. It may

also be used to improve the performance of a buckling analysis, especially when the
applied load differs from the first buckling load by orders of magnitude.
10. AMLS and AMSES eigensolvers require that V2 be specified.

Altair Engineering

ELEMQUAL
Bulk Data Entry
ELEMQUAL Resets the Default Bound Values for Element Quality Check
Description
Resets the default values of the warning and error bound limits for element quality check.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
ELEMQUAL
ETYPE
PTYPE
LTYPE
V1
V2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 1
For CTRIA3 elements, change the upper limit of aspect ratio for error message to 300.0
(default is 500).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
ELEMQUAL
TRIA3
ARATIO
ERROR
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
300.0
Example 2
For CTETRA elements, change the bound limits of collapse for warning message to 0.01 and
10.0 (default lower and upper limits are 0.001 and 100.0).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
ELEMQUAL
TETRA
C OLLAPSE
WARNING
0.01
10.
(7)

(8)
(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ETYPE
Element type. Allowable entries are: TRIA3 (CTRIA3), QUAD4 (CQUAD4),

TETRA (1st-order CTETRA), TET10 (2nd-order CTETRA), PENTA (1st-order
CPENTA), PENT15 (2nd-order CPENTA), HEXA (1st-order CHEXA), HEX20
(2nd-order CHEXA), PYRA (1st-order CPYRA), PYRA13 (2nd-order CPYRA),
TAXI3 (1st-order CTAXI or CTRIAX6), TAXI6 (2nd-order CTAXI or
CTRIAX6), GASK8 (CGASK8), GASK16 (CGASK16), GASK6 (CGASK6), and
GASK12 (CGASK12).
No default (TRIA3, QUAD4, TETRA, TET10, PENTA, PENT15, HEXA, HEX20,
PYRA, PYRA13, TAXI3, TAXI6, GASK8, GASK16, GASK6, or GASK12).
PTYPE
Geometric property type. Allowable entries are: ARATIO (Aspect Ratio),

SKEW (Skew Angle), TAPER (Face Taper), WARP (Warp Angle), TWIST
(Twist Angle), EDGE (Edge Angle), COLLAPSE, ANGLE (Vertex Angle),
HOENOR (Hoe Normal Offset), HOETAN (Hoe Tangent Offset).
No default (ARATIO, SKEW, TAPER, WARP, TWIST, EDGE, COLLAPSE,
ANGLE, HOENOR, or HOETAN).
LTYPE
Type of bound limits.

No default (WARNING or ERROR)
V1
Lower bound value.

No default (Real)
V2
Upper bound value.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
Element quality checks and their default settings are described in the Element Quality
Check section.
2.
All specified values (V1 and V2) are checked against the corresponding limits used for
validity check. Data outside the validity range is ignored.
Altair Engineering

ELIST
Bulk Data Entry
ELIST Damp Shell Elements for a Fluid Volume
Description
Specifies damp shell elements for a fluid volume. ELIST entries are referenced by the MFLUID
entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ELIST
LID
EID1
EID2
EID3
EID4
EID5
EID6
EID7
EID8
EID9
EID10
- etc -
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
ELIST
25
47
22
THRU
35
-56
-57
Field
Contents
LID
List of identification number.
(9)
(10)

EID
Element identification number of CQUAD4, CTRIA3, CQUADR, and

CTRIAR elements that are damp in the fluid volume.
Comments
1.
By default, for elements only damp on one side (see WSURF1 on MFLUID entry), the damp
side of an element is on the same side of the elements normal. But a negative EIDi
indicates that the fluid is opposite to the normal. If there are negative EIDis specified in
a "THRU" range, then both EIDis in the range must be negative.

Altair Engineering
2.
Alternatively, the SURF and SET entries may be used to define damp elements but the
SURF and SET entries may not be combined in the single with ELIST entries to define
damp elements. For example, if any MFLUID references a missing ELIST,25, then the
program will not search for a SET,25 if a ELIST card exists in the deck.
3.
ELIST entries are internally converted to SET entries. The continuation is optional.
Altair Engineering

ENDMETADATA
Bulk Data Entry
ENDMETADATA Indicates the end of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata output
file.
Description
ENDMETADATA indicates the end of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata output file.
Metadata between the METADATA and ENDMETADATA commands is passed to the
<filename>_metadata.xml file.
Example
METADATA
This line will be passed to the filename_metadata.xml file.
So will this information: Color=blue
ENDMETADATA
Comments
1.
There can be two sections of metadata; one in the Solution Control section and one in
the Bulk Data section.
2.
Metadata can be used to pass information from the pre-processor seamlessly through the
solver to a post-processing program.

Altair Engineering
END
Bulk Data Entry
END Indicates the end of data input for a specific entity
Description
The END bulk data entry indicates the end of data that is used to describe a specific entity
(or entities) for inclusion in a model. The END entry is used in conjunction with the BEGIN
entry to define the data required for a specific entity.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
END
TYPE
NAME
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
END
FEMODE
L
Bumper
(1)
(2)
(3)
END
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
HYPRBEAM Square
Field
Contents
TYPE
Specifies the entity type that will be defined by the END data entry (see
comment 2).
(HYPRBEAM or FEMODEL)
NAME
This field specifies the name of the entity that is defined by the END entry
(see comment 2).
(Character String)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The BEGIN and END bulk data entries can be used in conjunction to define a part within
the full model (for TYPE = FEMODEL).
2.
TYPE = HYPRBEAM:
Data required for the definition of an arbitrary beam section will be specified between the
BEGIN and END data entries.
TYPE = FEMODEL:
In a model containing multiple parts, the parts are included within the full model specifying
part data between the BEGIN and END bulk data entries (the INCLUDE entry can also be
used for part data referencing). The name of the included part should be specified in the
NAME field.
3.
The INCLUDE entry, similar to almost any other bulk data entry, is allowed between BEGIN
and END entries. However, BEGIN and END should exist in the same file.
4.
Models are often defined in separate files, and the block (BEGIN END) contains only
INCLUDE entries. It is possible to duplicate a single part by including the same file(s) in
different BEGIN-END blocks.
5.
There can be multiple sections of arbitrary beam data; one for each beam section.
6.
An example set of data for the definition of an arbitrary beam section is as follows:
BEGIN,HYPRBEAM,SQUARE
$
GRIDS,1,0.0,0.0
GRIDS,2,1.0,0.0
GRIDS,3,1.0,1.0
GRIDS,4,0.0,1.0
$
CSEC2,10,100,1,2
CSEC2,20,100,2,3
CSEC2,30,100,3,4
CSEC2,40,100,4,1
$
PSEC,100,1000,0.1
$
END,HYPRBEAM

Altair Engineering
ERPPNL
Bulk Data Entry
ERPPNL Panel Definition for Equivalent Radiated Power Output
Description
Defines one or more sets of elements as panels for equivalent radiated power output for a
frequency response analysis of a coupled fluid-structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ERPPNL
NAME1
SID1
NAME2
SID2
NAME3
SID3
NAME4
SID4
NAME5
SID5
Field
Contents
NAME#
Panel label.
(10)
No default (Character string)

SID#
Set identification number for a set of elements.

Altair Engineering

ESLTADD
Bulk Data Entry
ESLTADD Combination of selected time steps for Geometric Nonlinear ESLM Optimization or a
Multi-body Dynamics ESLM Optimization
Description
Defines a combined time step selection set as a union of selected time steps defined via
ESLTIME entries for Geometric Nonlinear ESLM optimization or a Multi-body Dynamics ESLM
optimization.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ESLTADD
SID
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
etc.
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ESLTADD
101
11
13
Field
Contents
SID
Set identification number.
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Si
Set identification numbers of time step selections defined via ESLTIME bulk
data entries.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
ESLTADD can be selected within the subcase information section using the command
ESLTIME=SID.
2.
Si should be unique and may not be the identification number of a set defined by another
ESLTADD entry.

Altair Engineering
3.
ESLTADD entries take precedence over ESLTIME entries. If both entries have the same
SID, only the ESLTADD entry will be used.
4.
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ESLTIME
Bulk Data Entry
ESLTIME Time Step selection control for Geometric Nonlinear Response ESLM Optimization
and Multi-body Dynamics ESLM Optimization
Description
Defines time step selection control for geometric nonlinear response ESL Optimization and
Multi-body dynamics ESLM optimization.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
ESLTIME
SID
TLB
TUB
RID1
LB1
UB1
TYPE1
RID2
LB2
UB2
TYPE2
RID3
LB3
UB3
TYPE3
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
...
Example
(1)
(2)
ESLTIME
100
11
(3)
(4)
-19.9
99.9
12
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
13

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
SID

(Integer > 0)
RID
Identification number of a DRESP1, DRESP2, or DRESP3 bulk data

entry.
(Integer > 0)
TLB
Lower bound of time.

No default (Real > 0.0, or blank)
TUB
Upper bound of time.

No default (Real > 0.0, or blank)
LB#
Lower bound on response.

(Real, or blank)
UB#
Upper bound on response.

(Real, or blank)
TYPE#
Flag to select the time steps at which the highest or lowest

response values or peaks or troughs of the response, occur.
= 1, select the highest response value
= -1, select the lowest response value
= 2, select the response peaks
= -2, select the response troughs
(Integer = -2, -1, 1, 2, or blank)
Comments
1.
ESLTIME should be selected by the Subcase Information command ESLTIME = SID or in

the bulk data section by the ESLTADD entry. It can only be selected in geometric
nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or
EXPDYN subcase entry, and for geometric nonlinear response ESL Optimization.
2.
The SID and RID fields cannot be left blank. Other fields, if blank, will be ignored.
3.
Lower bounds TLB and LB must be smaller than upper bounds TUB and UB respectively.
Altair Engineering

4.
The TLB and TUB fields can be used to define the range of time. OptiStruct will then
select the most critical time steps in the time range with higher priority for ESL generation
(Figure 1). If more time steps are required, then the critical time steps outside the time
range will be taken into account.
5.
Using fields LB and UB, the user can define the range of a specific response. OptiStruct
will then select the time steps with response values in this range for ESL generation
(Figure 1).
Figure 1: Time step selection based on time and response range.
6.
If TYPE = 1, time steps which have the highest response values will be selected.
If TYPE = -1, time steps which have the lowest response values will be selected.
Figure 2: Example illustration depicting TYPE=1 and TYPE=-1 response selection
7.
If TYPE = 2, time steps at which response peaks occur will be selected.

If TYPE = -2, time steps at which response troughs occur will be selected.

Altair Engineering
Figure 3: Example illustration depicting TYPE=2 and TYPE=-2 response selection.
8.
If a NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase is referenced by a DRESP2 entry with DRESP1L

or DRESP2L definition, the generated ESL subcase at the most critical time step will be
used for this DRESP2(DRESP1L/DRESP2L) entry.
9.
All continuation lines on the ESLTIME entry are ignored in Multi-body dynamics ESLM
optimization. Only the first line (ESLTIME, SID, TLB, TUB) is considered.
10. DOPTPRM, ESLSTOL is ignored, if ESLTIME is defined in the model.
Altair Engineering

FATDEF
Bulk Data Entry
FATDEF Elements for Fatigue Analysis
Description
Defines elements, and associated fatigue properties, for consideration in a fatigue analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
FATDEF
ID
TOPSTR
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Optional continuation lines for selecting elements, and associated fatigue properties, using
element sets (ELSET)
ELSET
ELSID1
PFATID1
ELSID2
PFATID2
ELSID3
PFATID3
ELSID4
PFATID4
Optional continuation lines for selecting elements and associated fatigue properties through
referenced properties (PSHELL)
PSHELL
PID1
PFATID1
PID2
PFATID2
PID3
PFATID3
PID4
PFATID4
Optional continuation lines for selecting elements and associated fatigue properties through
referenced properties (PSOLID)
PSOLID
PID1
PFATID1
PID2
PFATID2
PID3
PFATID3
PID4
PFATID4

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Optional continuation lines for excluding elements using element sets (ELSET)
XELSET
XELSID1 XELSID2 XELSID3 XELSID4 XELSID5 XELSID6 XELSID7

XELSID8
Optional continuation lines for excluding individual elements

XELEM
XEID1
XEID2
XEID3
XEID4
XEID5
XEID6
XEID7
XEID8
Field
Contents
ID
Each FATDEF card must have a unique ID. FATDEF Subcase Information entry
may reference this ID.
TOPSTR
Top stress fraction. Elements with combined stress not in this top fraction of
each MATFAT group will be screened out and have no results. This field is
ignored in fatigue analysis on a transient subcase.
Default = blank (100% will be used internally), (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
ELSET
ELSET flag indicating that a list of pairs of ELSET and PFAT IDs will follow,
defining elements, and their associated fatigue properties, for consideration in
fatigue analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
ELSID#
Element Set ID. Elements in this set will be considered in fatigue analyses
where this FATDEF is selected.
PFATID#
Fatigue property ID. This is identification number of a PFAT entry, which

indicates the fatigue property used by the preceding elements defined by
ELSID# or PID#.
PSHELL
PSHELL flag indicating that a list of pairs of PSHELL property IDs and PFAT
IDs will follow; defining elements and their associated fatigue properties for
consideration in fatigue analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
PSOLID
PSOLID flag indicating that a list of pairs of PSOLID property IDs and PFAT
IDs will follow; defining elements and their associated fatigue properties for
consideration in fatigue analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
PID#
Property ID. This is identification number of a PSHELL or PSOLID entry.

Elements referencing any property with this ID will be considered in fatigue
analyses where this FATDEF is selected.
XELSET
XELSET flag indicating that IDs of elements sets excluded from fatigue
analysis follow.
XELSID#
Element set ID. Elements in these sets will be excluded from fatigue analyses
where this FATDEF is selected.
XELEM
XELEM flag indicating that IDs of elements excluded from fatigue analysis
follow.
XEID#
Element ID. These elements will be excluded from fatigue analyses where this
FATDEF is selected.
Comments
1.
At least one of the optional continuation lines ELSET or PROP must be present.
2.

Altair Engineering
FATEVNT
Bulk Data Entry
FATEVNT Loading Event Definition for Fatigue Analysis
Description
Defines loading events for fatigue analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
FATEVNT
ID
FLOAD1
FLOAD2
FLOAD3
FLOAD4
FLOAD5
FLOAD6
FLOAD7
FLOAD8
...
...
(10)
Field
Contents
ID
Each FATEVNT card must have a unique ID. This identifier may be referenced
by a FATSEQ definition.
FLOAD#
Identification number of a FATLOAD entry (see comments 1, 3 and 4).

Comments
1.
FATLOAD entries referenced on this bulk data entry may reference different subcases.
2.
Identification numbers of FATSEQ and FATEVNT share the same ID pool.
3.
These FATLOAD entries should reference the subcase types. For example, either static
subcases or transient subcases can be referenced, but not both. Referencing a
combination of subcase types via FATLOAD entries on the same FATEVNT entry is not
allowed.
4.
If a specified FATLOAD entry references a transient subcase, only one FATLOAD entry is
allowed.
5.
Altair Engineering

FATLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
FATLOAD - Fatigue Load
Description
Defines fatigue loading parameters.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
FATLOAD
ID
TID
LC ID
LDM
Scale
Offset
(8)
(9)
Field
Contents
ID
Each FATLOAD card must have a unique ID. This identifier may be
referenced by a FATEVNT definition.
(10)

TID
Identification number of TABFAT entry.

(Integer > 0 or blank)
If LCID references a linear-static subcase, TID should be a positive integer
(Integer > 0).
If LCID references transient subcase, TID should be blank.
LCID
Subcase identification number of a linear-static or transient analysis

subcase.
LDM
The magnitude of the FEA load in the same units as those for the time
history. It is ignored in fatigue analyses based on a transient analysis
subcase (see comment 2).
Scale
Scale factor applied to the load or time history. It is ignored in fatigue

analyses based on a transient analysis subcase.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Offset
Offset applied to the load or time history. It is ignored in fatigue analyses

based on a transient analysis subcase.
Comments
1.
This magnitude is used as a scale factor to normalize the finite element stresses/strains
to obtain the stress/strain distribution due to a unit loading.
2.
The sequence below depicts how LDM, Scale and Offset values work together to scale
the FEA stress tensor at time t:
ij
(t )
Where,
ij . FEA
LDM
( P (t ) Scale Offset )
is the result stress tensor at time t.
is the stress tensor from static analysis.
P(t) is the y point value of load-time history at time t.

3.
Altair Engineering

FATPARM
Bulk Data Entry
FATPARM - Fatigue Analysis Parameters
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define parameters required for a Fatigue Analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FATPARM
ID
Type
STRESS
C ombinatio
n
C orrectio
n
StressUni
t
Plasticit
y
RAINFLO
W
RType
GateRel
C ERTNTY
SurvC ert
FOS
FOSType
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
ID
Each FATPARM card must have a unique ID. The FATPARM Subcase Information
entry may reference this identifier.
Type
Type of fatigue analysis that is defined.

Default = SN
(SN = Stress Life, EN = Strain Life, FOS = Factor of Safety Analysis - see
comment 9)
(NSTRESS is also supported for Stress Life for compatibility)
STRESS
STRESS flag indicating that parameters are to follow which define how the
stress is used in fatigue calculation. This flag and following parameters will be
used only when the "Type" field is set to SN or EN.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Combinatio
n
Default = ABSMAXPR
(ABSMAXPR = Abs Max Principal
MINPRINC = Min Principal
SGVON = Signed von Mises
SGTRESCA = Signed Tresca
XNORMAL = X Normal
ZNORMAL = Z Normal
YZSHEAR = Y-Z Shear
MAXPRINC = Max Principal

VONMISES = von Mises
TRESCA = Tresca
SGMAXSHR = Signed Max Shear
YNORMAL = Y Normal
XYSHEAR = X-Y Shear
ZXSHEAR = Z-X Shear)
The sign on the Signed von Mises, Signed Tresca, Signed Max. Shear is taken
from the sign of the Abs. Max. Principal value.
For Stress Life, combined stress value is used; For Strain Life, combined strain
value is used.
For Strain Life, shear strain components are engineering shear strain (two times
tensor shear strain).
For brittle materials, "Absolute maximum principle" is recommended.
For ductile materials, "Signed von Mises" is recommended.
Correction
Mean stress correction method. See comments 5, 6, 7 and 8.

For Type = SN, valid options are:
Default = GOODMAN (NONE, GOODMAN, GERBER, GERBER2, SODERBE)
For Type = EN, valid options are:
Default = SWT (NONE, MORROW, MORROW2, SWT = Smith-Watson-Topper)
StressUnit
FE analysis Stress Tensor Unit. The Unit is necessary because the S-N/E-N
curve (MATFAT card) might be defined in different unit, and FEA stress needs
to be converted before looking up the fatigue life for a given stress level on the
S-N curve. See comment 10.
Default = MPA (MPA, PA, PSI, KSI)
Plasticity
This parameter is only applicable for Type = EN.

For Type = SN, it is not used.
For Type = EN, valid options are:
Default = NEUBER (NONE, NEUBER)
RAINFLOW
The RAINFLOW flag indicates that parameters required for Rainflow counting are
to follow. This flag and its related parameters will be used only when the Type
field is set to SN or EN.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
RType
Rainflow data type. See comment 1.

Default = LOAD
(LOAD - Load-time history
STRESS - Stress-time history)
GateRel
Relative fraction of maximum gate range. The reference value is the maximum
range multiplied by GateRel, and used for gating out small disturbances or
"noise" in the time series.
CERTNTY
The CERTNTY flag indicates that parameters that define certainties in fatigue
analysis are to follow. This flag and the following parameter will be used only
when the Type field is set to SN or EN.
SurvCert
Certainty of survival based on the scatter of the S-N curve. See comment 4.
Default = 0.5 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
FOS
The FOS flag indicates that the following parameters are for Factor of Safety
analysis (Type = FOS). This flag and following parameter will be used only when
the Type field is set to FOS.
FOSType
This field can be used to select the Factor of safety analysis type.
Default = DANGVAN
Comments
1.
RType = Load is valid when there is only one static load case defined in an event. If the
event contains multiple static load cases, then RType will automatically be set to STRESS
because there will be stress super-positioning among different load cases; doing rainflow
counting on load-time history could not deal with it.
2.
When RType = Load, load-time history will be cycle counted using the rainflow cycle
counting method. The cycle counting results (load Ranges and Means) will be scaled by
combined FEA stress. Doing rainflow counting on load-time is much faster than doing it
on stress-time (RType=Stress), especially when the load-time history is complex and
contains a large number of time points, but it is less accurate.
3.
When RType = Stress, stress-time history will be cycle counted using the rainflow cycle
counting method. The stress-time history has the same length as load-time, while each
point of the stress time is the combined stress value where the stress tensor is FEA
stress scaled by y point value of the corresponding load-time history.

Altair Engineering
4.
Certainty of Survival is based on the scatter of the S-N / E-N curve. It is used to modify
the S-N / E-N curve according to the standard error parameter (SE) defined in fatigue
property of material card (MATFAT card). A higher reliability level requires a larger
certainty of survival.
5.
When fatigue optimization is performed, EN method with SWT mean stress correction is
changed to EN method with Morrow mean stress correction automatically.
6.
Correction=GERBER2 improves the GERBER method by ignoring the effect of negative mean
stress.
7.
Correction=MORROW2 improves the MORROW method by ignoring the effect of negative

mean stress.
8.
Correction=SODERBE is slightly different from GOODMAN, the mean stress is normalized by

yield stress instead of ultimate tensile stress.
Se = Sa / (1 - Sm / Sy )
Where, Se is equivalent stress amplitude, Sa is stress amplitude, Sm is mean stress, and
Sy is yield stress.
9.
The STRESS, RAINFLOW and CERTNTY continuation lines are ignored in a factor of
safety analysis (Type=FOS).
10. If UNITS=# or DTI UNITS is present, the default value of StressUnit should be determined
by UNITS=# or DTI UNITS. If UNITS=# and DTI UNITS are absent, the default value of
StressUnit is MPA. If UNITS=# or DTI UNITS is present, and StressUnit is also specified,
but they are not consistent, an error will be issued.
Altair Engineering

FATSEQ
Bulk Data Entry
FATSEQ Load Sequence Definition for Fatigue Analysis
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define a loading sequence for a Fatigue Analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
FATSEQ
ID
FID1
N1
FID2
N2
FID3
N3
FID4
N4
FID5
N5
(10)
Field
Contents
ID
Each FATSEQ card must have a unique ID. FATSEQ Subcase Information entry
may reference this identifier. Alternatively this ID may be referenced by other
FATSEQ definitions.
FID#
Identification number of FATSEQ or FATEVNT entry (see Comment 3)

N#
Number of times this loading sequence or event is repeated (see Comment 4).
Comments
1.
Identification numbers of FATSEQ and FATEVNT entries share the same ID pool.
2.
Repeat number (N#) has no effect on the results of a Factor of Safety (FOS) analysis.
3.
A fatigue subcase should reference the same subcase types through FATSEQ and
FATEVNT entries (for example, either static subcases or transient subcases can be
referenced, but not both). Referencing a combination of subcase types is not allowed.
4.

Altair Engineering
FLDATA
Bulk Data Entry
FLDATA User-defined Forming Limit Curve for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines a forming limit curve as a table of minor and major strain values in a one-step
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
FLDATA
FLDID
Ei1
Ei2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
FLDATA
-.194
.284
FLDATA
-.0.89
.269
FLDATA
FLDATA
.319
.319
Field
FLDID
(5)
(6)
(7)
Contents
Blank holder identification number.
Ei1
Minor strain value.

No default (Real)
Ei2
Major strain value

No default (Real)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.

Altair Engineering
FORCE
Bulk Data Entry
FORCE Point Force
Description
Defines a static force at a grid point by specifying a vector. It can also be used to define the
EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk
data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
FORC E
SID
C ID
N1
N2
N3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
FORC E
2.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

(Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>) See comment 3.
CID

Default = 0 (Integer > 0, or blank)
Scale factor.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
(Real)
N1,N2,N3
Components of vector measured in coordinate system defined by CID.

(Real; must have at least one non-zero component)
Comments
1.
The static force applied to grid point G is given by
where,
is the vector defined in fields 6, 7, and 8.
2.
3.
references on FORCE entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
4.
This card is represented as a force load in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
FORCE1
Bulk Data Entry
FORCE1 Static Force, Alternate Form 1
Description
Used to define a static force by specification of a value and two grid points that determine
the direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic
loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FORC E1
SID
G1
G2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FORC E1
13
-2.93
16
13
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

(Integer > 0)
Value of force.
(Real)
G1,G2
Grid point identification numbers.
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The static force applied to grid point G is
where,
2.
is a unit vector parallel to a vector from G1 to G2.
This card is represented as a force load in HyperMesh

Altair Engineering
FORCE2
Bulk Data Entry
FORCE2 Static Force, Alternate Form 2
Description
Used to define a static force by specification of a value and four grid points that determine
the direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic
loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
FORC E2
SID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
FORC E2
13
-2.93
16
13
18
19
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G
Loaded Grid point identification number.

(Integer > 0)
Value of force.
(Real)
Gi

(Integer > 0; G1 and G2 may not be coincident; G3 and G4 cannot be
coincident.)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The static force applied to grid point G is
where, is a unit vector parallel to a vector calculated by the cross product of vectors
from G1 to G2 and G3 to G4.
2.
This card is represented as a force load in HyperMesh

Altair Engineering
FREQ
Bulk Data Entry
FREQ Frequency List
Description
Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
FREQ
SID
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
FREQ
7.0
12.56
13.99
23.4
23.34
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)

F#
Frequency value.
Comments
1.
FREQ entries must be selected with the I/O Options or Subcase Information command
FREQUENCY = SID.
2.
The units for F# are cycles per unit time.
Altair Engineering

3.
All FREQi entries with the same set identification numbers will be used. Duplicate
frequencies will be ignored.
and
are considered duplicated if:
where, DFREQ is a user parameter with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX , and fMIN are the maximum
and minimum excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.
4.

Altair Engineering
FREQ1
Bulk Data Entry
FREQ1 Frequency List, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by
specification of a starting frequency, frequency increment, and the number of increments
desired.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FREQ1
SID
F1
DF
NDF
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
FREQ1
2.9
0.5
13
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

F1
First frequency in set.

DF
Frequency increment.
NDF
Number of frequency increments.

Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
FREQ1 entries must be selected with the I/O Options or Subcase Information command
FREQUENCY = SID.
2.
The units for F1 and DF are cycles per unit time.
3.
The frequencies defined by this entry are given by

where i = 1 to (NDF + 1).
4.
and
where, DFREQ is a user parameter with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX , and
are the maximum

5.

Altair Engineering
FREQ2
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines a set of frequencies to be used in the solution of frequency response problems by
specification of a starting frequency, final frequency, and the number of logarithmic
increments desired.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
FREQ2
SID
F1
F2
NF
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
FREQ2
1.0
8.0
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

F1
First frequency in set.

F2
Last frequency in set.

No default (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)
NF
Number of logarithmic intervals.

Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
FREQ2 entries must be selected with the I/O Options or Subcase Information command
FREQUENCY = SID.
2.
The units for F1 and F2 are cycles per unit time.
3.
where,
4.
and i = 1, 2, , (NF + 1).
and
where, DFREQ is a user parameter with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX , and
are the maximum

5.

Altair Engineering
FREQ3
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines a set of frequencies for the modal method of frequency response analysis by
specifying the number of frequencies between modal frequencies.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
FREQ3
SID
F1
F2
TYPE
NEF
C LUSTER
(9)
(10)
Example
Define a set of frequencies such that there will be 10 frequencies between each mode,
within the frequency range 20 to 200, plus 10 frequencies between 20 and the lowest
mode in the range, plus 10 frequencies between the highest mode in the range and 200.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
FREQ3
20.0
200.0
LINEAR
10
2.0
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)

F1
Lower bound of modal frequency range in cycles per unit time.

No default (Real > 0.0 for TYPE = LINEAR ; Real > 0.0 for TYPE = LOG)
F2
Upper bound of modal frequency range in cycles per unit time.

Default = F1 (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
TYPE
Specifies linear or logarithmic interpolation between frequencies.

Default = "LINEAR" (LINEAR or LOG)
NEF
Number of excitation frequencies within each sub range including the end
points. The first sub range is between F1 and the first modal frequency
within the bounds. Intermediate sub ranges exist between each mode
calculated within the bounds. The last sub range is between the last
modal frequency within the bounds and F2.
CLUSTER
Specifies cluster of the excitation frequency near the end points of the
range. See comment 5.
Comments
1.
FREQ3 applies only to the modal method of frequency response analysis.
2.
FREQ3 entries must be selected in the Subcase Information section with FREQUENCY =
SID.
3.
Since the forcing frequencies are near structural resonances, it is important that some
amount of damping be specified.
4.
and
where, DFREQ is a user parameter, with a default of 10 -5 * fMAX and
are the maximum

5.
CLUSTER is used to obtain better resolution near the modal frequencies where the
response variation is highest, in accordance with:

Altair Engineering
where,
-1 + 2(k - 1)/(NEF - 1) is a parametric coordinate between -1 and 1.
excitation frequency number in the subrange (1,2,3,,NEF)
frequency at the lower limit of the sub range. (If TYPE is LOG, then this is
the logarithm of the frequency.)
frequency at the upper limit of the sub range. (If TYPE is LOG, then this is
the logarithm of the frequency.)
the k-th excitation frequency. (If TYPE is LOG, then this is the logarithm of
the frequency.)
CLUSTER > 1.0 provides closer spacing of excitation frequency towards the ends of the
frequency range, while values of less than 1.0 provide closer spacing towards the center
of the frequency range.
For example, if the frequency range is between 10 and 20, NEF = 11, TYPE = "LINEAR";
then, the excitation frequencies for various values of CLUSTER would be as shown in the
table below.
CLUSTER
Excitation
Frequency
Number
0.25
0.50
1.0
2.0
4.0
Excitation Frequencies in Hertz

1
-1.0
10.00
10.0
10.0
10.0
10.0
-0.8
12.95
11.8
11.0
10.53
10.27
-0.6
14.35
13.2
12.0
11.13
10.60
-0.4
14.87
14.2
13.0
11.84
11.02
-0.2
14.99
14.8
14.0
12.76
11.66
0.0
15.00
15.0
15.0
15.00
15.00
0.2
15.01
15.2
16.0
17.24
18.34
0.4
15.13
15.8
17.0
18.16
18.98
0.6
15.65
16.8
18.0
18.87
19.40
Altair Engineering

10
0.8
17.05
18.2
19.0
19.47
19.73
11
1.0
20.00
20.0
20.0
20.00
20.00
6.
In design optimization, the excitation frequencies are derived from the modal frequencies
computed at each design iteration.
7.
In modal analysis, solutions for modal degrees-of-freedom from rigid body modes at zero
excitation frequencies may be discarded. Solutions for non-zero modes are retained.
8.

Altair Engineering
FREQ4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
specifying the amount of "spread" around each modal frequency and the number of equally
spaced frequencies within the spread.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
FREQ4
SID
F1
F2
FSPD
NFM
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
Define a set of frequencies such that there will be 21 equally spaced frequencies across a
frequency band of
and 200.
to
for each modal frequency that occurs between 20
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FREQ4
20.0
200.0
0.30
21
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

F1

F2
Upper bound of frequency range in cycles per unit time.

Default = 1.0E20 (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
FSPD
Frequency spread, +/- the fractional amount specified for each mode
which occurs in the frequency range F1 to F2.
Default = 0.10 (1.0 > Real > 0.0)
NFM
Number of evenly spaced frequencies per "spread" mode.

Default = 3 (Integer > 0; If NFM is even, NFM + 1 will be used)
Comments
1.
FREQ4 applies only to the modal method of frequency response analysis.
2.
SID.
3.
There will be NFM excitation frequencies between

and
, for
each modal frequency in the range F1 to F2. If this computation results in excitation
frequencies less than F1 and greater than F2, those computed excitation frequencies are
ignored.
4.
Excitation frequencies may be based on modal frequencies that are not within the range
(F1 and F2) as long as the calculated excitation frequencies are within the range.
Similarly, an excitation frequency calculated based on natural frequencies within the
range (F1 through F2) may be excluded if it falls outside the range.
5.
The frequency spread can be used also to define the half-power bandwidth. The halfpower bandwidth is given by
, where,
is the damping ratio. Therefore, if FSPD
is specified equal to the damping ratio for the mode, NFM specifies the number of
excitation frequencies within the half-power bandwidth.

Altair Engineering
6.
7.
and
where, DFREQ is a user parameter, with a default of 10-5. The values

and
the maximum and minimum excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.
are
8.
9.
Altair Engineering

FREQ5
Bulk Data Entry
Description
specification of a frequency range and fractions of the natural frequencies within that range.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
FREQ5
SID
F1
F2
FR1
FR2
FR3
FR4
FR5
FR6
FR7
etc.
(10)
Example
Define a set of frequencies such that the list of frequencies will be 0.6, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0,
1.05, 1.1, and 1.2 times each modal frequency between 20 and 200.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
FREQ5
20.0
200.0
1.0
0.6
0.8
0.9
0.95
1.05
1.1
1.2
Field
Contents
SID
(10)

F1


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
F2
Upper bound of frequency range in cycles per unit time.

Default = 1.0E20 (Real > 0.0, F2 > F1)
FRi
Fractions of the natural frequencies in the range F1 to F2.

Comments
1.
FREQ5 applies only to the modal method frequency response analysis.
2.
SID.
3.

where,
are the modal frequencies in the range F1 through F2.
If this computation results in excitation frequencies less than F1 and greater than F2,
those computed excitation frequencies are ignored.
4.
Excitation frequencies may be based on natural frequencies that are not within the range
(F1 and F2) as long as the calculated excitation frequencies are within the range.
5.
6.
and
where, DFREQ is a user parameter, with a default of 10-5. The values

and
the maximum and minimum excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.
are
7.
8.
9.
Altair Engineering

GAPPRM
Bulk Data Entry
GAPPRM Parameters for Gap Element Connectivity and Configuration Checks
Description
Defines parameters that control connectivity and configuration checks for gap elements (CGAP
and CGAPG). Most of these parameters also affect contact elements that are automatically
created on CONTACT interfaces see individual descriptions for details.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
GAPPRM
PARAM1
VAL1
PARAM2
VAL2
PARAM3
VAL3
PARAM4
VAL4
PARAM5
VAL5
etc.
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
GAPPRM
C KGPDIR
-1
PRTSW
C HKRUN
Field
Contents
PARAM#
Name of parameter.
VAL#
Value of parameter.
(8)
(9)
(10)
While textual values are recommended for clarity, their integer equivalents will also be read.
parameter descriptions).
Parameter
Value

Altair Engineering
CHKRN
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
CKGPDIR
ERR, 2, WARN, 1, NO, 0, REV, or 3

Default = ERR
ERRMSG
SHORT, 1, FULL, or 2
Default = SHORT
GAPCMPL
NO, 0, YES, 1
Default = YES
GAPGPRJ
NORM, 1, SHORT, or 2
Default = SHORT
GAPOFFS
GPCOINC
YES, NO
Default = YES
<Real>
Defaults
For GAP elements: 1.0e-04
For CONTACT elements: Calculated
automatically based on element size on the
master face.
HMGAPST
NO, 0 YES, 1
Default = NO
PRTSW
NO, 0, YES, 1
Default = NO
Comments
1.
The GAPPRM entry changes the default settings of control parameters for the gap
elements connectivity and checks for configuration errors. None of the parameters of this
entry are required.
2.
The gap alignment check controlled by the default value of CKGPDIR = ERR applies
correctly to the most typical situations wherein there is an initial opening between bodies
A and B, and the gap element is used to enforce non-penetration condition. For cases of
overlapping meshes (combined with a prescribed coordinate system), the REV value is
appropriate it allows both aligned and reversed gap directions (respective to the gap
axis defined by the prescribed system).
3.
Altair Engineering

GAPPRM, CHKRN
Parameter
CHKRN
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
Stop the run after the gap element checks are

completed.
If NO or 0, OptiStruct will run to completion unless
other errors are present.
If YES or 1, OptiStruct will stop after gap and
contact elements have been checked.

Altair Engineering
GAPPRM, CKGPDIR
Parameter
CKGPDIR
Values
Description
ERR, 2, WARN, 1,
NO, 0, REV, or 3
Controls the checking of gap element alignment in

case of prescribed coordinate system CID.
Default = ERR
If ERR or 2, then all non-zero length gap elements

that have a prescribed coordinate system are
checked for misalignment of the gap prescribed axis
(x-axis of the prescribed coordinate system) with
the vector GA->B. Angles larger than 30 degrees
produce warnings, angles larger than 60 degrees
produce errors.
If WARN or 1, same as ERR or 2 with the exception
that only warnings are issued.
If NO or 0, then no gap CID direction checks are
performed.
If REV or 3, then orientations of the vector GA->B
that are generally opposite to the prescribed axis
are also accepted. The tolerance levels are the
same as for the default case, except that they are
measured from either 0 or 180 degrees reference
angle.
Altair Engineering

GAPPRM, ERRMSG
Parameter
ERRMSG
Values
Description
SHORT, 1,
FULL, or 2
Defines the maximum number of error messages printed

for gap and contact elements.
Default = SHORT
If SHORT or 1, then up to 10 error messages are printed

along with a summary of the total number of errors.
If FULL or 2, then all gap and contact element error
messages are printed. Additional diagnostic information
for elements with errors is also printed to the .out file.

Altair Engineering
GAPPRM, GAPCMPL
Parameter
GAPCMPL
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = YES
This parameter can be used to allow/disallow the

inclusion of gap and contact compliance in the
calculation of global compliance.
If YES or 1, then gap/contact compliances will be
included in the calculation of global compliance.
If NO or 0, then gap/contact compliances will not be
included in the calculation of global compliance.
Note:
An example situation where the GAPCMPL parameter may
be used is described as follows:
In some cases, gap/contact elements may exist with
initial penetration (U0<0), these elements may produce
negative contributions to the global compliance. While
this is a legitimate situation (the gap/contact is releasing
elastic energy, rather than accumulating it) it may cause
the global compliance to be negative and thus make
optimization impossible. In such cases, the GAPCMPL
parameter can be used to turn off the contributions of
gap/contact elements to the compliance calculation.
Altair Engineering

GAPPRM, GAPGPRJ
Parameter
GAPGPRJ
Values
Description
NORM, 1, SHORT, or 2
Default = SHORT
For CGAPG and contact elements, controls how

the projection onto the obstacle element (or
node patch) is performed.
If NORM or 1, the projection of node GA (or
slave node for CONTACT) to the obstacle B is
performed along the normal to the surface of
the obstacle (a patch of nodes or an element
face). If such normal projection falls outside
the patch of nodes or element face (within 5%
tolerance), an error message is issued for GAPG
elements, while no contact element is created
on the CONTACT interface.
If SHORT or 2, the node GA (or slave node for
CONTACT) is projected onto the obstacle B
along the shortest distance. For cases where
the normal projection falls within the bounds of
the obstacle, this coincides with the NORM
option. For cases where the normal projection
falls outside the obstacle, this option will
choose the point on the obstacle that is
nearest to GA or slave node.

Altair Engineering
GAPPRM, GAPOFFS
Parameter
Values
Description
GAPOFFS
YES, NO, AUTO
If YES, frictional offset for gap and contact analysis is

active.
Default = AUTO
If NO, frictional offset for gap and contact analysis in

inactive.
If AUTO, frictional offset is turned off when the deck
contains gaps, contact with friction or stick conditions
and at least one nonlinear subcase. This affects both
linear and nonlinear subcases.
For more details, refer to the PGAP and PCONT
descriptions.
Altair Engineering

GAPPRM, GPCOINC
Parameter
GPCOINC
Values
Description
<Real>
See the Note
for defaults
This parameter defines the distance below which the end

points of gap/contact elements (for example, the GA, GB
fields of the CGAP bulk data entry) are considered
coincident (as they may be too close to define the gap
direction accurately).
Note:
1.
Currently, for CGAP and CGAPG elements, the default

minimum distance is set at an absolute value of
1.0e-4. For CONTACT, it is calculated automatically
according to element size on the master face, in
which case it is automatically scaled if there is a
change in units.
2.
This parameter is automatically included in the

<filename>.contgap.fem file, which is an ASCII
format file generated when CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES is
used.

Altair Engineering
GAPPRM, HMGAPST
Parameter
HMGAPST
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
Create HyperMesh command file that defines sets

containing open and closed gaps for the initial set up and
for each nonlinear subcase. The file name is
<my_job>.hm.gapstat.cmf.
If NO or 0, then no file is produced.
GAPPRM,HMGAPST,YES can also be used to visualize the
status of internally created CONTACT elements. This
requires the additional command CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES
it will create a file, <my_job>.contgap.fem, that
contains contact elements converted to CGAPG entities.
For correct visualization of their open/closed status in
HyperMesh, this file needs to be imported before running
the gap status command file,
<my_job>.HM.gapstat.cmf.
Altair Engineering

GAPPRM, PRTSW
Parameter
PRTSW
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Print diagnostic output for gap elements.
Default = NO
If NO or 0, OptiStruct will not output diagnostic

information.
If YES or 1, OptiStruct will print diagnostic information to
the .out file.

Altair Engineering
GENEL
Bulk Data Entry
GENEL General Finite Element
Description
Defines the stiffness or flexibility of a general element connected to an arbitrary number of
grids.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
GENEL
EID
GI4
C I4
UD
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
GI1
C I1
GI2
C I2
GI3
C I3
GI5
C I5
-etc.-
GD1
C D1
GD2
C D2
GD3
C D3
GD4
C D4
GD5
C D5
-etc.-
K or
Z
KZ11
KZ12
KZ13
-etc.-
KZ21
KZ22
-etc.-
KZ31
KZ32
-etc.-
S11
S12
S13
-etc.-
S21
S22
-etc.-
S31
S32
-etc.-
Example 1
(1)
(2)
GENEL
537
1002
Altair Engineering
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
1001
1001
1001
1002
1002
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
5757.
-816.6
-43.1
-5757.
816.6
43.1
35479.3
-1151.
816.6
35479.3
1151.
6538.6
43.1
1151.
-6538.6
5757.
-816.6
-43.1
35479.3
-1151.
6538.6
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
GENEL
4001
1073
1073
1073
1073
1073
1074
1074
1074
1074
1074
(10)
Example 2
1073
UD
1074
.592-6
.39-6
-.39-6
(10)
.592-6
.1-9
.319-6
.319-6
.1-9
Example 3
(1)
(2)
GENEL
435
17
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
11
23
72
(10)

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
1.7
2.3
3.6
4.4
5.2
6.8
7.1
.1
.2
.3
.4
.5
.6
.7
12
47
(10)
8.9
.8
UD
Field
Contents
EID

GIi/CIi
Grid (or scalar point) and component identification numbers ordered

according to stiffness or flexibility values specified after KZmn. For scalar
points, CIi is zero.
No default (GIi is integer > 0 and CIi is integer > 0).
UD
Flag indicating that the subsequent fields and continuation entries contain
values for GDj/CDj until K, Z, or S is specified in field 2 or it is the
end of the entry.
GDj/CDj
Grid (or scalar point) and component identification numbers ordered

according to the columns in the S matrix.
No default (GDj is integer > 0 and CDj is integer > 0).
K or Z
Flag indicating that the next fields and continuation entries contain
stiffness values until UD or S is specified in field 2 or it is the end of
the entry.
KZmn
Stiffness or flexibility matrix for degrees-of-freedom in GIi/CIi where m is
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
the row number and n is the column number. Only the lower triangular
terms in the matrix need to be specified. Zero values must be specified
as blank or 0.0.
Flag indicating that the subsequent fields and continuation entries contain
values for the S matrix.
Sij
S matrix values where i corresponds to GIi/CIi list and j corresponds

to GDj/CDj list until K, Z, or UD is specified in field 2 or it is the end
of the entry. All the terms in the matrix must be specified and zero
values must be specified as blank or 0.0.
Comments
1.
GIi/CIi and KZmn are required inputs. Either K or Z must be specified, but not both.
2.
UD, K, Z, and S, may be specified in any order as demonstrated in the third

example.
3.
UD and S are optional inputs. S defines the motion between the GIi/CIi and GDj/CDj
degrees-of-freedom according to:
But if S is specified then GDj/CDj must also be specified. If S is not specified then
GDj/CDj may contain six and only six degrees of freedom and they cannot refer to
SPOINTs.
4.
If only K or Z is input without UD then it is recommended that the resulting stiffness

represents the unsupported element, containing all of the rigid body modes. If not, then
the UD option allows for the reintroduction of the rigid body modes with S which is
provided by you or computed internally.
a) If K and UD are specified then the program will form the complete stiffness as
defined by the following equation:
Where the K matrix is formed from the KZmn values and the S matrix is formed from the
Sij values or computed automatically.

Altair Engineering
b) If Z and UD are specified then the program will form the complete stiffness as
defined by the following equation:
Where the Z matrix is formed from the KZmn values and the S matrix is formed from the
Sij values or computed automatically. Z must be nonsingular.
5.
PARAM,CK3 may be used to scale the stiffness produced by all GENEL elements.
6.
All lower triangular values in K and Z and all values in S have to be accounted for in the
input. Zero values may be specified as 0.0 or be left blank, however if all entries in any
continuation line are zero, then at least one visible character must appear on this line (it
can be 0.0 in any field or the plus sign (+) in the first column) because blank lines are
treated as comment. Unused fields (after the last matrix entry) must be blank.
7.
General elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
Altair Engineering

GRAV
Bulk Data Entry
GRAV Gravity Vector
Description
Defines the gravity vectors for use in determining gravity loading for the structural model. It
can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1,
RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
GRAV
SID
C ID
N1
N2
N3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
32.2
0.0
0.0
-1.0
GRAV
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
CID

(Integer > 0)
Gravity vector scale factor.
N1,N2, N3 Gravity vector components.

(Real; at least one non-zero component)

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
The gravity vector is defined by g = G(N1, N2, N3). The direction of G is the direction of
free fall. N1, N2, and N3 are in coordinate system CID.
2.
A CID of zero references the basic coordinate system.
3.
Altair Engineering

GRDSET
Bulk Data Entry
GRDSET Grid Point Default
Description
Defines default options for fields 3, 7, and 8 of all GRID entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
GRDSET
blank
CP
blank
blank
blank
CD
PS
blank
Example
(1)
(2)
GRDSET
(3)
(4)
16
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
32
3456
(9)
Field
Contents
CP
Identification number of coordinate system in which the location of the grid

point is defined.
(10)

CD
Identification number of coordinate system in which displacements are

measured at grid point.
PS
Permanent single-point constraints associated with grid point (any of the

digits 1-6 with no embedded blanks).

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
The contents of fields 3, 7, or 8 of this entry are assumed for the corresponding fields of
any GRID entry whose field 3, 7, and 8 are blank. If any of these fields on the GRID entry
are blank, the default option defined by this entry occurs for that field. If no permanent
single-point constraints are desired or one of the coordinate systems is basic, the default
may be overridden on the GRID entry by entering zero in the corresponding field. Only
one GRDSET entry may appear in the bulk data section.
2.
The primary purpose of this entry is to minimize the burden of preparing data for problems
with a large amount of repetition (for example, two-dimensional pinned-joint problems).
3.
At least one of the entries CP, CD, or PS must be non-zero.
4.
Altair Engineering

GRID
Bulk Data Entry
GRID Grid Point
Description
Defines the location of a geometric grid point of the structural model, the directions of its
displacement, and its permanent single-point constraints.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GRID
ID
CP
X1
X2
X3
CD
PS
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
GRID
1.0
-2.0
3.0
Field
Contents
ID
Unique grid point identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
316
(Integer > 0)
CP
Identification number of coordinate system in which the location of the grid

point is defined.
X1,X2,X3
Location of the grid point in coordinate system CP.

(Real)
CD
Identification number of coordinate system in which the displacements,

degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution vectors are defined at grid
point.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
(Integer > -1 or blank)
PS
Permanent single-point constraints associated with grid point. Up to six

unique digits may be placed in the field with no imbedded blanks.
See the GRDSET entry for default options for fields 3, 7, and 8.
Comments
1.
All grid point identification numbers must be unique with respect to all other structural grid
and scalar points. A duplicate identification number is only allowed if all fields on the
duplicated entries are exactly the same, unless PARAM,DUPTOL is used. PARAM,DUPTOL
can be used to set a tolerance that will allow a GRID with same ID, CP, CD, and PS to
have slightly different coordinates. Refer to Guidelines for Bulk Data Entries.
2.
The meaning of X1, X2, and X3 depends on the type of coordinate system, CP, as
follows: (see CORDI entry descriptions).
Type
X1
X2
X3
Rectangular
Cylindrical
q(degrees)
Spherical
q(degrees) f(degrees)
3.
The collection of all CD coordinate systems defined on all GRID entries is called the Global
Coordinate System. All degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution vectors are
expressed in the Global Coordinate System.
4.
If CD = -1, then this defines a fluid grid point in the coupled fluid-structural analysis. This
type of point may only connect the CHEXA, CPENTA, and CTETRA elements to defined
fluid elements.
5.
If CP, PS, or CD is blank, information from the GRDSET data will be used. If CP or CD
contains a zero, the basic coordinate system will be used. If PS contains a zero, single
point constraints on the GRDSET data are ignored.
6.
Input data replication is available for the GRID data. This can be used to generate
additional GRID data, based on incrementing the GRID ID and coordinate locations.
7.
This card is represented as a node in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

GRIDS
Bulk Data Entry
GRIDS Section Grid Point
Description
Defines a grid point on the y-z plane, using cartesian coordinates, for use in the definition of
arbitrary beam cross-sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
GRIDS
ID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
GRIDS
101
1.1
2.1
Field
Contents
ID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Y
Y location of the grid point.

No default (Real)
Z location of the grid point.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
All grid point identification numbers within a section definition must be unique with respect
to all other grid point identification numbers within the same section definition.
2.

Altair Engineering
GROUND
Bulk Data Entry
GROUND Ground Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines a ground body out of a list of finite element properties, elements, and grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
GROUND
BID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
TYPE2
ID1
ID2
TYPE#
(10)
BODY_NAME
TYPE1
Example 1
(1)
(2)
GROUND
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
SUPPORTING_BEAM
PSHELL
23
21
PBEAM
59
48
C ONM2
2345
GRID
400
401
402
Altair Engineering
(6)

Example 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
GROUND
ANC HOR
PBAR
10
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
11
13
15
22
99
88
(10)
44
Field
Contents
BID
Unique body identification number.

BODY_NAME
Unique body name. The body name for this PRBODY.

Default = OUTFILE_body_<BID> (Character string)
TYPE#
Flag indicating that the following list of IDs refer to entities of this
type. All property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLTOEL, RBE2, RBE3,
RBAR, RROD, and GRID are valid types for this field.
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PCOMP, PDAMP,
PELAS, PGAP, PROD, PSHEAR, PSHELL, PSOLID, PVISC, PWELD,
CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR, RROD, GRID)
ID#
Identification numbers of entities of the preceding TYPE flag.

Comments
1.
Any number of property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBAR, RBE2, RBE3, or RROD
elements or grid points can be given.
2.
At least one property definition, element, or grid point must be given.
3.
A property definition, CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, REB3, RBAR, or RROD element or
grid point can only belong to one ground or rigid or flexible body.
4.
The grid ID provided in the ground card is considered grounded.
5.

Altair Engineering
HYBDAMP
Bulk Data Entry
HYBDAMP Apply Hybrid Damping to the Residual Structure in a Direct or Transient
Frequency Response Analysis
Description
This bulk data entry defines the application of modal damping to the residual structure in a
direct or transient frequency response analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
HYBDAMP
SID
METHOD
SDAMP
KDAMP
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
HYBDAMP
Keyword for applying modal damping on a direct analysis
SID
Unique hybrid damping SID (Referred to by the HYBDAMP I/O section

data).
METHOD
Identification number of EIGRL/EIGRA data. Hybrid damping is applied on

the modes determined by the eigenvalue analysis.
SDAMP
Identification number of TABDMP1 entry for modal damping.

KDAMP
If KDAMP is set to -1/YES, modal damping is entered into the complex

stiffness matrix as material damping, instead of viscous damping. The
default is 1/NO to enter the damping as viscous damping.
Comments
1.
HYBDAMP SID can be set by the HYBDAMP I/O Options Entry in the I/O section of the input
data.
Altair Engineering

2.
Hybrid damping can be defined as shown below:

If KDAMP is set to 1/NO (Default), then:
If KDAMP is set to -1/YES, then:
Where,
are the modes of the structure
[M] is the structural mass matrix
b(
g(
) are the modal damping values

) are equal to twice the critical damping ratios calculated from the TABDMP1 entry
is the natural frequency of mode
mi is the generalized mass of mode

Altair Engineering
INCLUDE
I/O Options and Bulk Data Entry
This bulk data card is identical to the I/O options entry, INCLUDE.
Altair Engineering

INSTNCE
Bulk Data Entry
INSTNCE Defines part location within the global part
Description
The INSTNCE bulk data entry can be used to define the location of a part in the global
structure. Each INSTNCE entry should reference a unique part name.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
INSTNC E
ID
name
NN
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
INSTNC E
C rankShaft
32
Field
Contents
ID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
name
This field specifies the unique name of a part that is to be attached to the
global part (see comment 2). It should match the name of one of the parts
defined using the BEGIN, FEMODEL, name entry.
(Character String)
NN
ID of a RELOC bulk data entry. This field defines the actual location of the part
in the final model via the RELOC entry.
Default = Blank (Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
The full model consists of several parts, one part is designated as global and the rest of
the parts are attached to the global part using INSTNCE entries. The global part can have
an arbitrary name (it is identified by the presence of INSTNCE entries). A minimum of one
INSTNCE entry should always be present in the model.
2.
All INSTNCE entries should exist within a global part and no INSTNCE entry can reference
the name of a global part on the name field.
3.
Each INSTNCE entry should reference a different part name. However, not every part has
to be defined using an INSTNCE entry. Such parts are still contained within the full model
without any relocation.
4.
A global part can be moved to a different location, however, this is not recommended as
it may lead to inaccuracies in locating other parts.
Altair Engineering

INVELB
Bulk Data Entry
INVELB Initial Velocity of a Body
Description
Defines initial velocity in a multi-body situation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
INVELB
SID
BID
C ID
VX
VY
VZ
(5)
(6)
(7)
WX
WY
WZ
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
INVELB
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
1000.0
Field
Contents
SID

(Integer > 0)
BID
Body identification number.

(Integer > 0)
CID
Reference coordinate system.

(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
VX, VY, VZ
Translational velocities.
(Blank or Real)
WX, WY, WZ Rotational velocities.

(Blank or Real)
Comments
1.
Only one initial velocity per body can be defined in a load set.
2.
3.
Altair Engineering

INVELJ
Bulk Data Entry
INVELJ Initial Velocity of a Joint
Description
Defines initial velocity of a joint in a multi-body situation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
INVELJ
SID
JID
JTYPE
VT
VR
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
INVELJ
REV
(5)
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
10.0
(Integer > 0)
JID
Joint identification number.

(Integer > 0)
JTYPE
Joint type.
Options = ("REV", "CYL", or "TRANS")
No default
VT
Translational velocity
If JTYPE = TRANS, VT must be real.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
VR
Rotational velocity
If JTYPE = REV, VR must be real.
Comments
1.
Only one initial velocity per joint can be defined in a load set.
2.
Initial velocities of joints defined by INVELJ will be overwritten by MOTNJ, MOTNJE, or

MOTNJC.
Altair Engineering

JOINT
Bulk Data Entry
JOINT Joint Definition for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a joint.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
JOINT
JID
JTYPE
G1
G2
X3, G3
Y3
Z3
blank
X4, G4
Y4
Z4
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
JOINT
BALL
345
231
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
JOINT
UNIV
456
899
0.0
0.0
1.0
Example 2
399
Field
Contents
JID
Unique joint identification number.

(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
JTYPE
Joint type
(BALL, FIX, REV, TRANS, CYL, UNIV, CV, PLANAR, INLINE, PERP, PARA,
INPLANE, or ORIENT).
G1, G2
Geometric grid point identification number. Used to identify the bodies

to be connected and, for many JTYPEs, the location of the joint.
(Integer > 0)
X3, Y3, Z3
First orientation vector of the joint.

(Real)
G3
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X3, Y3, Z3 in

conjunction with either G1 or G2 (depending on the JTYPE).
(Integer > 0)
X4, Y4, Z4
Second orientation vector of the joint.

(Real)
G4
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X4, Y4, Z4 in

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
Joints are only valid in a multi-body solution sequence.
2.
G1 and G2 identify the bodies being joined and must, therefore, belong to different bodies.
3.
Definition of the different joint types:

Joint Type
Description
Ball
Fixed
Required
Fields
Joint Orientation
All translations are BALL

fixed; all rotations
are free.
G1, G2
G1 and G2 must
coincide.
All translations
G1, G2
G1 and G2 must
Altair Engineering
JTYPE
FIX

Joint Type
Description
JTYPE
Required
Fields
Joint Orientation
and rotations are

fixed.
Revolute
Translational
Cylindrical
Universal
coincide.
Rotation about a
single selected
axis is free; other
rotations and
translations are
fixed.
REV
Translation along
a single selected
axis is free; other
translations and
rotations are
fixed.
TRANS
Translation along
and rotation
about a single
selected axis is
free; other
translations and
rotations are
fixed.
CYL
Rotations about
UNIV
two selected
perpendicular axes
are free;
translations and
other rotations
are fixed.
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3,
Z3 or G3
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3,
Z3 or G3
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3,
Z3 or G3
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3, Z3
or G3 and
either X4,
Y4, Z4 or
G4
Constant Vel Rotations about

CV
two selected axes
are equal and
opposite;
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3, Z3
or G3 and
G1 and G2 must
coincide.
The selected axis is
defined by the vector
X3, Y3, Z3 or
alternatively the vector
from G1 to G3.
G1 and G2 must be along
the joint axis.
X3, Y3, Z3 or
from G1 to G3.
the joint axis.
X3, Y3, Z3 or
from G1 to G3.
G1 and G2 must
coincide.
The first selected (cross
pin) axis is defined by
the vector X3, Y3, Z3 or
from G1 to G3.
The second selected
(cross pin) axis is defined
by the vector X4, Y4, Z4
or alternatively the
vector from G2 to G4.
The selected axes must
be perpendicular.
G1 and G2 must coincide.
The first selected axis is
X3, Y3, Z3 or

Altair Engineering
Joint Type
Description
JTYPE
Required
Fields
Joint Orientation
translations and
other rotations
are fixed.
either X4,
Y4, Z4 or
G4
Translations on a PLANAR
plane defined by a
selected normal
vector and the
rotation about
that normal
vector are free,
out-of-plane
translations and
rotations are
fixed.
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3,
Z3 or G3
Translation along INLINE

a single selected
axis and all
rotations are free;
other translations
are fixed.
G1, G2,
and either
X3, Y3,
Z3 or G3
Perpendicular Two perpendicular PERP

axes are selected
that are always to
remain
perpendicular.
Therefore,
rotations about
both selected
axes and all
translations are
free. Rotation
about the crossproduct of the
two selected
vectors is fixed.
G1,G2 and
either X3,
Y3, Z3 or
G3 and
either X4,
Y4, Z4 or
G4
Parallel Axes
G1,G2
and either
X3, Y3,
Planar
Inline
Two parallel axes

are selected that
are always to
Altair Engineering
PARA

from G1 to G3.
The second selected axis
is defined by the vector
X4, Y4, Z4 or
from G2 to G4.
G1 and G2 must be in the
joint plane.
The vector X3, Y3, Z3 or
the vector from G1 to G3
will define the normal to
the plane.

the joint axis.
X3, Y3, Z3 or
from G2 to G3.
X3, Y3, Z3 or
from G1 to G3.
X4, Y4, Z4 or
from G2 to G4.
The selected vectors
must be perpendicular to
one another.

defined by the vector X3,
Y3, Z3 or alternatively
the vector from G1 to

Joint Type
Inplane
Description
JTYPE
Required
Fields
remain parallel.
Therefore,
rotations about
the selected
parallel axes and
all translations are
free; other
rotations are
fixed.
Z3 or G3
and either
X4, Y4,
Z4 or G4
Two perpendicular INPLANE

vectors are
selected that
describe a plane.
Out-of-plane
translations are
fixed; all other
translations and
rotations are free.
G1,G2
and either
X3, Y3,
Z3 or G3
and either
X4, Y4,
Z4 or G4
Joint Orientation
Orient
4.
All rotations are

fixed; all
translations are
free.
ORIENT
G3.
X4, Y4, Z4 or
from G2 to G4.
must be parallel to one
another.
The first selected vector
is defined by X3, Y3, Z3
or alternatively the
vector from G2 to G3.
The second selected
vector is defined by X4,
Y4, Z4 or alternatively
the vector from G2 to
G4.
must be perpendicular to
one another.
G1,G2
This card is represented as a joint element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
JOINTM
Bulk Data Entry
JOINTM Joint Definition for Multi-body Solution Sequence using Marker
Description
Defines a joint using two grids which have a marker card associated with them.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
JOINTM
JID
JTYPE
M1
M2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
JOINTM
BALL
345
231
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
JOINTM
UNIV
456
899
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
Field
Contents
JID
Unique joint identification number.

(Integer > 0)
JTYPE
Joint type
(BALL, FIX, REV, TRANS, CYL, UNIV, CV, PLANAR, INLINE, PERP, PARA,
INPLANE, or ORIENT)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
M1, M2
Marker identification numbers.

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
Joints are only valid in a multi-body solution sequence.
2.
M1 and M2 must belong to different bodies and must have a marker card associated with
them.
3.
Definition of the different joint types:

Joint Type
JTYPE
Definition
Joint Orientation
Ball
BALL
M1, M2
M1, M2 must coincide.
Fixed
FIX
M1, M2
Revolute
REV
M1, M2

The joint axis will be along the
Z-axis of marker M1.
Translational
TRANS
M1, M2
M1, M2 must be along the joint

axis.
The joint axis will be along the
Z-axis of marker M1.
Cylindrical
CYL
M1, M2
M1, M2 must be along the joint

axis.
Universal
UNIV
M1, M2
Constant
Velocity
CV
M1, M2
Planar
PLANAR
M1, M2
M1, M2 must be in the joint

plane.
Inline
INLINE
M1, M2
Perpendicular
PERP
M1, M2
Parallel Axes
PARA
M1, M2
Inplane
INPLANE
M1, M2

Altair Engineering
Joint Type
JTYPE
Definition
Joint Orientation
Orient
ORIENT
M1, M2
No relative rotation.
Altair Engineering

LINE
Bulk Data Entry
LINE Line Definition
Description
Definition of a line.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
LINE
LINEID
EDGE
GA1
GB1
GA2
GB2
GA3
GB3
...
...
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
LINE
100
EDGE
33
34
34
35
35
36
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)

(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering
Alternate Format
In this format, line is represented as collection of 1-D, 2-D or 3-D elements.
(1)
(2)
(3)
LINE
LINEID
ELEDGE
EID1
EID2
EID9
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
EID3
EID4
EID5
EID6
EID7
EID8
(10)
-etc-
Alternate Format (SET)

In this format, a line is defined by a SET of elements. With this approach, the line is composed
of all the edges of all selected 1-D, 2-D or 3-D elements in the SET.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
LINE
LINEID
SET
SID
(5)
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
LINEID
Non-unique identification number of LINE.
(8)
(9)
(10)

EDGE
Flag indicating that a line is defined by two grids.
GA#
Grid point identification number of first grid A.

GB#
Grid point identification number of second grid B.

ELEDGE
Flag indicating that the line is composed of elements.
EID#

SET
Flag indicating that the line is defined by a SET of elements.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
SID

Comments
1.
LINEID is not unique, multiple LINE cards with the same LINEID compose a line group.
2.
GA and GB should be two different grids.
3.
All nodes must belong to a shell, solid, truss or beam element.
4.
This card is represented as a contactsurf in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
LOAD
Bulk Data Entry
LOAD Static Load Combination (Superposition)
Description
Defines a static load as a linear combination of load sets defined via FORCE, MOMENT,
FORCE1, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, DAREA and GRAV entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
LOAD
SID
S1
L1
S2
L2
S3
L3
S4
L4
(10)
-etc-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
LOAD
101
-0.5
1.0
6.2
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
S
Scale factor.
(Real)
Si
Scale factors.
(Real)
Li
Load set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated above.
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The load vector defined is given by
2.
The Li must be unique.
3.
All data after the first blank field is ignored.
4.
Load sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (LOAD=SID) if they are to
be applied to the structural model.
5.
A LOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another LOAD
entry.
6.
SPCD load SIDs cannot be referenced by LOAD data.
7.

Altair Engineering
LOADADD
Bulk Data Entry
LOADADD Static Load Combination (Superposition)
Description
Defines a static load as a linear combination of load sets defined via FORCE, MOMENT,
FORCE1, MOMENT1, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, DAREA, and GRAV entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
LOADADD
SID
S1
L1
S2
L2
S3
L3
S4
L4
(10)
-etc-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
LOADADD
101
-0.5
1.0
6.2
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
S
Scale factor (See comment 1).

(Real)
Si
Scale factors (See comment 1).

(Real)
Li
Load set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated above
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
(See comment 1).
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
The load vector defined is given by:
r
P
r
Si PLi
Where,
r
P is the static load as a linear combination of the defined load sets.
S is the scale factor defined in Field 3.
Si
r
PLi
are the scale factors defined in the S1, S2,, Sn fields.

are the loads, whose ids, are referenced by the L1, L2,, Ln fields.
2.
The Load Set identification numbers (Li) must be unique.
3.
All data after the first blank field is ignored.
4.
Load sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (LOAD=SID) if they are to
be applied to the structural model.
5.
A LOADADD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another
LOADADD entry.
6.
Only a single thermal load can be referenced by the LOADADD data.
7.
SPCD load SIDs cannot be referenced by LOADADD data.
8.

Altair Engineering
MARKER
Bulk Data Entry
MARKER Define a Marker by Associating a Grid and a Coordinate System
Description
Define a marker by associating a grid and a coordinate system.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MARKER
MID1
GID1
C ID1
MID2
GID2
C ID2
MID3
GID3
C ID3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MARKER
345
123
Field
Contents
MIDi
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
GIDi
Grid identification number.

(Integer > 0)
CIDi

Default (Blank, defaults to basic coordinate system)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
Each marker has a unique ID. The marker gets its location from the grid corresponding to
the GID and the orientation from the coordinate system (CID).
2.
Multiple markers can be located at the same grid with the same or with a different CID.
3.
This card is represented as a sensor in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
MAT1
Bulk Data Entry
MAT1 Material Property Definition, Form 1
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and isotropic materials.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT1
MID
NU
RHO
TREF
GE
ST
SC
SS
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
17
3.+7
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.33
4.28
Field
Contents
MID
Unique material identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

E
Youngs Modulus.
Shear Modulus.
NU
Poissons Ratio.
Default = blank (-1.0 < Real < 0.5 or blank)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
RHO
Mass density.
No default (Real)
Thermal expansion coefficient.

No default (Real)
TREF
Reference temperature for thermal loading.

GE
Structural Element Damping coefficient. See comments 11 and 12.

No default (Real)
ST, SC, SS Stress limits in tension, compression and shear. Used for composite ply
failure calculations
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT8 and MAT9
entries.
2.
The mass density, RHO, is used to automatically compute mass for all structural elements.
3.
Either E or G must be specified (that is, nonblank).
4.
If any one of E, G, or NU is blank, it is computed to satisfy the identity

E = 2(1+NU)G; otherwise, values supplied by you are used.
5.
If E and NU are both blank, they are both given the value 0.0.
6.
If G and NU are both blank, they are both given the value 0.0.
7.
Implausible data on one or more MAT1 entries result in a warning message. Implausible
data is defined as:
E < 0.0 or
G < 0.0 or
NU > 0.5 or
NU < -1.0 or

Altair Engineering
except for cases covered by comments 5 and 6.

8.
It is strongly recommended that only two of the three values E, G, and NU be input.
9.
A warning is issued if NU < 0.0.
10. The large field format may also be used.

11. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0 by 2.0.
12. TREF and GE are ignored if a MAT1 entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry.
13. This card is represented as a material in HyperMesh.
Element Type
NU
CROD, CBAR, CBEAM,

and CWELD
Axial and
Bending
N/A
Transverse Shear
and Torsion
CSHEAR
N/A
N/A
Shear
CQUAD and CTRIA
Membrane
Membrane
and Bending and Bending
Transverse Shear
CHEX, CTETRA,
CPENTA, CPRYRA and
CSEAM
Deformation
N/A
Altair Engineering

MAT2
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, anisotropic materials for
two-dimensional elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAT2
MID
G11
G12
G13
G22
G23
G33
RHO
A1
A2
A12
TREF
GE
ST
SC
SS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT2
13
6.2+3
6.5-6
6.5-6
(4)
(5)
(6)
6.2+3
(7)
(8)
(9)
5.1+3
0.056
(10)
-500.0
Field
Contents
MID

Gij
The material property matrix.

No default (Real)
RHO
Mass density.
No default (Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Ai
Thermal expansion coefficient vector.

No default (Real)
TREF
Reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads. See comment

6.
GE
Structural Element Damping Coefficient. See comments 7 and 8.

No default (Real)
ST, SC, SS Stress limits in tension, compression and shear. Used for composite ply
failure calculations.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
entries.
2.
3.
The convention for the Gij in fields 3 through 8 are represented by the matrix relationship:
4.
If this entry is referenced by the MID3 field (transverse shear) on the PSHELL, G13, G23,
and G33 must be blank.
5.
Unlike the MAT1 entry, data from the MAT2 entry is used directly, without adjustment of
equivalent E, G, or NU values.
6.
TREF is used as the reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads.
7.
The long field format may be used.
8.
To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0, by 2.0.
9.
TREF and GE are ignored if a MAT 2 entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry.
Altair Engineering

10. If a MAT2 card is pointed to by a MID4 on PSHELL, and has a material ID greater than
400,000,000, then the thermal membrane-bending coefficients A1, A2, and A12 have a
modified interpretation, and represent [G]*[alpha] rather then [alpha]. Here, [G] is a
matrix composed of G11, G22 G33. This is to maintain consistency with respective
terms generated internally by the PCOMP card.

Altair Engineering
MAT3
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and orthotropic materials
used by the CTAXI and CTRIAX6 axisymmetric elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAT3
MID
EX
ETH
EZ
NUXTH
NUTHZ
NUZX
RHO
GZX
AX
ATH
AZ
TREF
GE
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT3
17
3.0+7
3.1+7
3.2+7
0.33
0.28
0.30
2.0e-5
7.0+6
1.1e-4
1.1e-4
1.2e-4
35.5
0.19
Field
Contents
MID
(10)

EX, ETH,
EZ
Youngs Moduli in the x, and z directions, respectively.

NUXTH,
NUTHZ,
NUZX
Poissons Ratios:
NUXTH = Poissons Ratio for strain in the direction when stress in the x
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
direction.
NUTHZ = Poissons Ratio for strain in the z direction when stress in the
direction.
NUZX = Poissons Ratio for strain in the x direction when stress in the z
direction.
No default (Real)
RHO
Mass density.
No default (Real)
GZX
Shear Modulus in the x-z plane.

AX, ATH,
AZ
Thermal expansion coefficient in the x, , and z directions, respectively.

No default (Real)
TREF
Reference temperature for thermal loading.

GE
Structural Element Damping coefficient. See comment 6.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
entries.
2.
Values of all seven elastic constants, EX, ETH, EZ, NUXTH, NUTHZ, NUZX and GZX must
be present.
3.
A warning is issued if absolute value of NUXTH or NUTHZ is greater than 1.0.
4.
The x, and z directions are principal material directions of the material coordinate
system. Each element (that is a CTAXI or CTRIAX6 element) supporting the use of MAT3
contains a Theta field to relate the principal material directions to the basic coordinate
system.
5.
The strain-stress relationship is:

Altair Engineering
Note that the strain and stress here are both defined in the material coordinate system.
6.
7.
This card is represented as a material in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

MAT4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines constant thermal material properties for conductivity, density, and heat generation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MAT4
MID
CP
RHO
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
HGEN
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT4
24
200
(4)
Field
Contents
MID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2e5

K
Thermal conductivity.
CP
Heat capacity per unit mass (specific heat).

RHO
Density.
Free convection heat transfer coefficient.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
HGEN
Heat generation capability used with QVOL entries. HGEN is the scale factor
used with QVOL (See comment 3).
Comments
1.
The material identification number may be the shared with structural material property
definitions (MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9 or MGASK) but must be unique with respect to
other thermal material property definitions (MAT4 or MAT5).
2.
MAT4 may specify material properties for any conduction elements. MAT4 also provides
the heat transfer coefficient for free convection (see CONV).
3.
HGEN is the scale factor and QVOL is the power generated per unit volume, Pin = volume *
HGEN * QVOL.
4.
Altair Engineering

MAT5
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the thermal material properties for anisotropic materials.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT5
MID
KXX
KXY
KXZ
KYY
KYZ
KZZ
CP
RHO
HGEN
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT5
.300
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
100
(8)
(9)
(10)
200
2e5
Field
Contents
MID

Kij
Thermal conductivity.
CP
Heat capacity per unit mass (specific heat).

RHO
Density.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
HGEN
Heat generation capability used with QVOL entries. HGEN is the scale factor
used with QVOL (See comment 3).
Comments
1.
The material identification number may be the shared with structural material property
definitions (MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9 or MGASK), but must be unique with respect to
other thermal material property definitions (MAT4 or MAT5).
2.
The thermal conductivity matrix has the following form:
3.
HGEN is the scale factor and QVOL is the power generated per unit volume, Pin = volume *
HGEN * QVOL.
4.
Altair Engineering

MAT8
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear temperature-independent orthotropic material for
two-dimensional elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAT8
MID
E1
E2
NU12
G12
G1,Z
G2,Z
RHO
A1
A2
TREF
Xt
Xc
Yt
Yc
GE
F12
STRN
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT8
171
30.+6
1.+6
0.3
2.+6
3.+6
1.5+6
0.056
28.-6
1.5-6
155.0
Field
Contents
MID
Material ID.
(10)

E1
Modulus of elasticity in longitudinal direction (also defined as fibre direction or 1direction) (See comment 8)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
E2
Modulus of elasticity in lateral direction (also defined as matrix direction or 2direction) (See comment 8).
NU12
Poissons ratio (
for uniaxial loading in 1-direction). Note that
uniaxial loading in 2-direction is related to
for
by the relation
.
No default (Real)
G12
Inplane shear modulus.

G1,Z
Transverse shear modulus for shear in 1-Z plane.

Default = blank (Real > 0.0 or blank)
G2,Z
Transverse shear modulus for shear in 2-Z plane.

RHO
Mass density.
No default (Real)
A1
Thermal expansion coefficient in 1-direction.

No default (Real)
A2
Thermal expansion coefficient in 2-direction.

No default (Real)
TREF
Reference temperature for the calculation of thermal loads. See comment 3.

Xt, Xc,
Yt, Yc
Allowable stresses or strains in the longitudinal and lateral directions. Used for
composite ply failure calculations.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Allowable for in-plane shear for composite ply failure calculations.

GE
Structural Element Damping Coefficient. See comment 6.

No default (Real)
F12
Tsai-Wu interaction term for composite failure.

No default (Real)
STRN
Indicates whether Xt, Xc, Yt, or Yc are stress or strain allowables.

Default = blank (Real = 1.0 for strain allowables, blank for stress allowables)
Comments
1.
entries.
2.
If G1, Z and G2, Z values are specified as zero or are not supplied, a penalty term is used
to enforce very high transverse shear stiffness.
3.
An approximate value for G1, Z and G2, Z is the inplane shear modulus G12. If test data
not available to accurately determine G1, Z and G2, Z for the material and transverse
shear calculations, the value of G12 may be supplied for G1, Z and G2, Z.
4.
TREF is used as the reference temperature for calculations of thermal loads.
5.
Long field format can be used.
6.
TREF and GE are ignored if a MAT8 entry is referenced by a PCOMP entry.
7.
The option of interpreting Xt, Xc, Yt, and Yc as strains is only available for composite
definitions (PCOMP or PCOMPG) using the STRN failure criterion. In this case, the STRN
flag indicates whether Xt, Xc, Yt, and Yc are stress or strain allowables.
For all other failure criteria Xt, Xc, Yt, and Yc are always interpreted as stresses,
regardless of the value of the STRN flag.
8.
The value of E1 should be greater than that of E2 for the material to be stable. If E1 <
E2, then the material matrix becomes indefinite leading to an unstable material.
9.

Altair Engineering
MAT9
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and anisotropic materials
for solid elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT9
MID
G11
G12
G13
G14
G15
G16
G22
G23
G24
G25
G26
G33
G34
G35
G36
G44
G45
G46
G55
G56
G66
RHO
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
TREF
GE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT9
17
6.2+3
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
6.2+3
6.2+3
5.1+3
5.1+3
6.5-6
3.2
6.5 - 6
125.
Field
Contents
MID
Altair Engineering
5.1 + 3

Field
Contents
Gij
The material property matrix.

No default (Real)
RHO
Mass density.
No default (Real)
Ai
Thermal expansion coefficient vector.

No default (Real)
TREF

GE

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9ORT
and MAT9 entries.
2.
3.
The convention for the Gij in fields 3 through 8 are represented by the matrix relationship.
The subscripts 1 to 6 refer to x, y, z, xy, yz, and zx of the material coordinate system
defined by the CORDM field on the PSOLID entry.
4.
Unlike the MAT1 entry, data from the MAT9 entry is used directly, without adjustment of
equivalent E, G, or NU values.

Altair Engineering
5.
If material data is to specified with the Engineering Constants E1, E2, E3, NU12, NU13,
NU23, G12, G23, and G13, then use the MAT9ORT data.
6.
7.
The last continuation is optional.
8.
Long field format can be used.
9.
Altair Engineering

MAT9ORT
Bulk Data Entry
MAT9ORT Material Property Definition, Form 9-Orthotropic
Description
Defines the material properties for linear, temperature-independent, and orthotropic materials
for solid elements in terms of engineering constants.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAT9ORT
MID
E1
E2
E3
NU12
NU23
NU31
RHO
G12
G23
G31
A1
A2
A3
TREF
GE
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MAT9ORT
21
1e6
1e3
1e3
0.1
0.1
1e3
1e3
1e-6
1e-6
1e-6
(8)
(9)
(10)
1e5
Field
Contents
MID
Material identification number. Must be unique with respect to other MAT1,

MAT2, MAT8, MAT9, and MAT9ORT definitions
E1
Elastic modulus in 1-direction.

No default (Real)
E2

No default (Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
E3

No default (Real)
NU12
Poissons ratio for uniaxial loading in 1-direction. See comment 3.

No default (Real)
NU23

No default (Real)
NU31

Default = NU23 (Real)
RHO
Mass density.
No default (Real)
G12
Shear modulus on plane 1-2.
G23
G31
Ai
Coefficient of thermal expansion in the i-direction

Default =0.0 (Real)
TREF

GE

Comments
1.
This input definition is internally converted to an equivalent MAT9 definition on reading

(See comment 7). This is reflected in echoed (ECHO) input data and all messaging.
Altair Engineering

2.
The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT8, MAT9 and
MAT9ORT entries.
3.
In general,
is not the same as
, but they are related by
Furthermore, material stability requires that:
and
4.
It may be difficult to find all nine orthotropic constants. In some practical problems, the
material properties may be reduced to normal anisotropy in which the material is isotropic
in a plane (for example, plane 1-2), and has different properties in the direction normal to
this plane.
In the plane of isotropy, the properties are reduced to:
with
and
There are five independent material constants for normal anisotropy

.
In case the material has a planar anisotropy, in which the material is orthotropic only in a
plane, the elastic constants are reduced to seven
5.
6.
To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0 by 2.0.
7.
Internal conversion from MAT9ORT to MAT9. The material property fields of the MAT9
entry are calculated internally from the MAT9ORT entry using the following formula:

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Where,
The values of , E and G for the expressions in the above equations in comment 7 are
taken from the NUij , Ei and Gij fields respectively of this MAT9ORT entry where i, j
{1,2,3} and the values of
(see above equations
in comment 7) are used to populate the G11, G22, G33, G44, G55, G66, G12, G13, and G23
fields (G12=G21, G13=G31 and G23=G32 due to symmetry) of the MAT9 entry. The
remaining elements of the MAT9 entry (that is G14, G15, G24, and so on) are equal to
zero.
Altair Engineering

MAT10
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines material properties for fluid elements in coupled fluid-structural analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MAT10
MID
BULK
RHO
GE
ALPHA
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MAT10
0.5
22.1
(5)
Field
Contents
MID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

BULK
Bulk modulus.
RHO
Mass density.
Speed of sound.
GE
Fluid element damping coefficient.

No default (Real)

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Field
ALPHA
Contents
Normalized porous material damping coefficient. See comment 6.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
MAT10 may be referenced by PSOLID entries with FCTN=PFLUID.
2.
The material identification number must be unique with respect to MAT1, MAT2, MAT3,
MAT9, and MAT10 entries, but may be shared with MAT4, MAT5 or MATFAT.
3.
The mass density RHO will be used to compute the mass automatically.
4.
BULK, RHO, and C are related by BULK = C2 * RHO.

Two out of the three must be specified, and the other will be calculated according to this
equation.
5.
To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio C/C0 by 2.0.
6.
Since the admittance is a function of frequency, the value of ALPHA should be chosen for
the frequency range of interest for the analysis.
7.
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MATFAT
Bulk Data Entry
MATFAT - Fatigue Material Data
Description
Defines material properties for fatigue analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MATFAT
MID
UNIT
STATIC
YS
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
FL
SE
np
Kp
(9)
(10)
UTS
Optional continuation lines for SN fatigue properties:

SN
SR1
b1
Nc1
b2
Optional continuation lines for EN fatigue properties:

EN
Sf
SEe
SEp
Ef
Nc
Optional continuation lines for factor of safety (FOS) analysis:

FOS
Tfl
Hss
Field
Contents
MID
Material identification number that matches the identification number on a

MAT1 bulk data entry.
UNIT
Defines the units of stress values specified on the YS, UTS, SRI1, FL, Sf, and
Kp fields
Default = MPa (MPa, PA, PSI, or KSI)

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Field
Contents
STATIC
STATIC flag indicates that static material properties are defined in the following
fields.
YS
Yield strength. See comment 1.

(Real > 0.0, or blank)
UTS
Ultimate tensile strength. See comment 1.

SN
SN flag indicating that fatigue material properties for SN analysis are following.
SRI1
Fatigue strength coefficient. It is the stress range intercept of SN curve at 1

cycle in log-log scale.
b1
The first fatigue strength exponent. It is the slope of the first segment of SN
curve in log-log scale.
No default (Real < 0.0)
Nc1
In one-segment S-N curve, this is the cycle limit of endurance (see NC1 in
Figure 1).
In two-segment S-N curve, this is the transition point (see NC1 in Figure 2).
b2
The second fatigue strength exponent. It is the slope of the second segment
of SN curve in log-log scale.
Default = 0.0 (Real < 0.0)
FL
Fatigue Limit; No damage occurs if the stress range is less than FL (see FL in
Figures 1 and 2). See comment 6.
SE
Standard Error of Log(N).

EN
EN flag indicating that fatigue material properties for EN analysis are following.
Sf
Fatigue strength coefficient.

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Field
Contents
Fatigue strength exponent.

Fatigue ductility exponent.

Ef
Fatigue ductility coefficient.

np
Cyclic strain-hardening exponent.

Kp
Cyclic Strength coefficient.

Nc
Reversal limit of endurance. One cycle contains two reversals. See comment
6.
Default = 2.0E8 (Real > 1.0E5)
SEe
Standard Error of Log(N) from elastic strain.

SEp
Standard Error of Log(N) from plastic strain.

FOS
The FOS flag indicates that material properties for factor of safety analysis are
defined in the following fields.
Tfl
Torsion fatigue limit.

Hss
Hydrostatic stress sensitivity.


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Figures
Figure 1a: One-segment S-N curve in log-log scale

(b2=0)
(Nc1 is not defined or less conservative than FL)
Figure 1b: One-segment S-N curve in log-log scale

(b2=0)
(FL is not defined or less conservative than Nc1)
Figure 2: Two-segment S-N curve in log-log scale
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Figure 3: E-N curve in log-log scale
Comments
1.
UTS or YS is used in mean stress correction (SN) and surface finish correction (SN and
EN). If both UTS and YS are defined, UTS will be used. It is not allowed that both UTS
and YS are blanks.
2.
S-N data defined in the MATFAT card is expected to be obtained from standard
experiments that are fully reversed bending on mirror-polished specimens.
3.
S-N curves are defined in Stress range Cycle form. Stress range is the algebraic
difference between the maximum and minimum stress in a cycle. SN curve is expressed
as:
Where S r is the stress range, SRI1 is the fatigue strength coefficient,

number, is the fatigue strength exponent.
4.
is the cycle
E-N curves are defined in Strain amplitude - Reversal form. Strain amplitude is half of the
algebraic difference between the maximum and minimum strain in a cycle, and one strain
cycle contains two reversals. EN curve is expressed as:
Where,
modulus,
is the strain amplitude,

is the cycle number,
is the fatigue strength coefficient, E is the Young's

is the fatigue strength exponent,

is the fatigue
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ductility coefficient, and

5.
is the fatigue ductility exponent.
Empirical formula can be used to estimate SN/EN data from ultimate tensile strength
(UTS) and Youngs modulus (E):
Table 1* Estimated S-N data from empirical formula

(* Source: Yung-Li Lee, Jwo. Pan, Richard B. Hathaway and Mark E. Barekey. Fatigue testing and
analysis: Theory and practice, Elsevier, 2005)
Table 2**. Estimate E-N data from UTS and E

(** Source: Anton Baumel and T. Seeger, Materials Data for C yclic Loading, Elsevier, 1990)
6.
For one-segment SN curve (b2=0.0), if FL is blank, the fatigue limit is the stress range at
Nc1. If both Nc1 and FL are defined, the more conservative value (larger damage) will be
used (Figure 1).
For two-segment SN curve, if FL is blank, the fatigue limit is 0.0.
When fatigue optimization is performed, fatigue limit FL of S-N data and reversal limit Nc
of E-N data will be ignored in order to get continuous changes in fatigue results when
stress/strain changes.
7.
Altair Engineering

MATF1
Bulk Data Entry
MATF1 Isotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Specifies frequency-dependent material properties on MAT1 entry fields via TABLEDi entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATF1
MID
T(E)
T(G)
T(NU)
T(RHO)
T(A)
T(ST)
T(SC )
T(SS)
(9)
(10)
T(GE)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATF1
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
17
(9)
(10)
53
Field
Contents
MID
Material property identification number that matches the identification

number on the MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(E)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Youngs modulus.

T(G)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear modulus.

T(NU)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Poissons ratio.


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Field
Contents
T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the mass density.

T(A)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the damping coefficient.

T(ST)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the tension stress limit.

T(SC)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the compression limit.

T(SS)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear limit.

Comments
1.
Fields 3, 4, and so on of this entry correspond, field-by-field, to fields 3, 4, and so on of

the MAT1 entry referenced in field 2. The value in a particular field of the MAT1 entry is
replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of this entry. In
the example shown, E is modified by TABLEDi 32, RHO is modified by TABLEDi 17 and GE is
modified by TABLEDi 53. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no frequency
dependence of the field on the MAT1 entry.
2.
The MATF1 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT1 card. In this case,
they will be applied to default values of respective parameters. Initial values of E, G, or
NU will be supplied according to comment 4 on the MAT1 entry.
3.
Table references must be present for each item that is frequency dependent. For
example, it is not sufficient to only give table references for fields 3 and 4 (Youngs
modulus and shear modulus) if density is also frequency dependent.
4.
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MATF2
Bulk Data Entry
MATF2 Anisotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATF2
MID
T(G11)
T(G12)
T(G13)
T(G22)
T(G23)
T(G33)
T(RHO)
T(A1)
T(A2)
T(A3)
T(GE)
T(ST)
T(SC )
T(SS)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATF2
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
15
44
(10)
62
Field
Contents
MID

(Integer > 0)
T(Gij)

T(RHO)

T(Ai)

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Field
Contents
coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE)

T(ST)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the tension stress limit.

T(SC)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the compression limit.

T(SS)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the shear limit.

Comments
1.

the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEDi 32; G33 is modified by TABLEDi 15; RHO is
modified by TABLEDi 44 and GE is modified by TABLEDi 62. Blank or zero entries mean that
there is no frequency dependence of the field on the MAT2 entry.
2.
The MATF2 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT2 card. In this case,
they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.
3.
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MATF3
Bulk Data Entry
MATF3 Orthotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Specifies frequency-dependent material properties on MAT3 data entry fields via TABLEDi
entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATF3
MID
T(EX)
T(ETH)
T(EZ)
T(NUXTH)
T(NUTHZ)
T(NUZX)
T(RHO)
T(GZX)
T(AX)
T(ATH)
T(AZ)
T(GE)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATF3
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
19
52
Field
Contents
MID

(Integer > 0)
T(EX)
T(ETH)
T(EZ)
Identification numbers of TABLEDi entries for Youngs moduli in the x, and z

directions.
T(EX)
T(ETH)
Identification numbers of TABLEDi entries for Poissons ratios in the x, z

and zx directions.

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Field
Contents
T(EZ)
T(RHO)

T(GZX)

T(AX)
T(ATH)
T(AZ)
Identification numbers of TABLEDi entries for thermal expansion coefficients in

the x, and z directions.
T(GE)
Default = blank (Integer or blank)

Comments
1.

the example shown, EX is modified; TABLEDi 32, RHO is modified by TABLEDi 19; and GE is
modified by TABLEDi 52.
2.
Blank or zero entries mean that there is no frequency dependence of the field on the
MAT3 entry. Any quantity modified by this entry must have a value on the MAT3 entry.
3.
Altair Engineering

MATF8
Bulk Data Entry
MATF8 Shell Orthotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATF8
MID
T(E1)
T(E2)
T(NU12)
T(G12)
T(G1Z)
T(G2Z)
T(RHO)
T(A1)
T(A2)
T(Xt)
T(Xc)
T(Yt)
T(Yc)
T(S)
T(GE)
T(F12)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATF8
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
15
52
Field
Contents
MID

(Integer > 0)
T(E1)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Youngs modulus 1.


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Field
Contents
T(E2)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Youngs modulus 2.

T(NU12)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the Poissons ratio 12.

T(G12)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for shear modulus 12.

T(G1Z)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for transverse shear modulus 1Z.

T(G2Z)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for transverse shear modulus 2Z.

T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for mass density.

T(A1)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion coefficient

1. See comment 3.
(Integer or blank)
T(A2)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the thermal expansion coefficient

2.
(Integer or blank)
T(Xt)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the tension stress/strain limit 1.

T(Xc)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for compression stress/strain limit 1.

T(Yt)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for tension stress/strain limit 2.

T(Yc)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for compression stress/strain limit 2.

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Field
Contents
T(S)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for shear stress/strain limit.

T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for structural damping coefficient.

T(F12)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for Tsai-Wu interaction term.

Comments
1.

the example shown, E1 is modified by TABLEDi 32; RHO is modified by TABLEDi 15; and GE
is modified by TABLEDi 52.
2.
Blank or zero entries mean that there is no frequency dependence of the fields on the
MAT8 entry. The MATF8 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT8 card.
In which case, they will be applied to default values of the respective parameters.
3.

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MATF9
Bulk Data Entry
MATF9 Solid Element Anisotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATF9
MID
T(G11)
T(G12)
T(G13)
T(G14)
T(G15)
T(G16)
T(G22)
T(G23)
T(G24)
T(G25)
T(G26)
T(G33)
T(G34)
T(G35)
T(G36)
T(G44)
T(G45)
T(G46)
T(G55)
T(G56)
T(G66)
T(RHO)
T(A1)
T(A2)
T(A3)
T(A4)
T(A5)
T(A6)
T(GE)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATF9
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
18
12
(9)
(10)
17
10
Field
Contents
MID

(Integer > 0)
T(Gij)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the terms in the material
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
property matrix.
T(RHO)

T(Ai)

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE)

Comments
1.

the MAT9 entry referenced in field 2. The value recorded in a particular field of the MAT9
entry is replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of this
entry. In the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEDj 32; G14 is modified by TABLEDj
18; G22 is modified by TABLEDi 17; G26 is modified by TABLEDi 12; RHO is modified by
TABLEDi 5 and GE is modified by TABLEDi 10.
2.
If the fields are zero or blank, there is no frequency dependence of the field on the MAT9
entry. The MATF9 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT9 card. In
which case, they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.
3.
The continuation entries are optional.
4.

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MATF10
Bulk Data Entry
MATF10 Isotropic Material Frequency Dependence
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MATF10
MID
T(BULK)
T(RHO)
(6)
(7)
(8)
T(GE)
T(ALPHA)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MATF10
10
13
(5)
(6)
(7)
17
19
(8)
(9)
Field
Contents
MID

(10)
(Integer > 0)
T(BULK)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for the bulk modulus.

T(RHO)

T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for fluid material damping

coefficient.
T(ALPHA)
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry for normalized porous material
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
damping coefficient.
Comments
1.

the MAT10 entry referenced in field 2. The value recorded in a particular field of the
MAT10 entry is replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of
this entry. In the example shown, BULK modulus is modified by TABLEDj 10; RHO is
modified by TABLEDj 18; G22 is modified by TABLEDi 17; G26 is modified by TABLEDi 12;
RHO is modified by TABLEDi 13; GE is modified by TABLEDi 17 and ALPHA is modified by
TABLEDi 19.
2.
If the fields are zero or blank, there is no frequency dependence of the field on the
MAT10 entry. The MATF10 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT10
card. In which case, they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.
3.
4.

Altair Engineering
MATHE
Bulk Data Entry
MATHE Nonlinear Hyperelastic Material Property Definition
Description
The MATHE bulk data entry defines material properties for nonlinear hyperelastic materials. The
Polynomial form is available and various material types (comment 3) can be defined by
specifying the corresponding coefficients.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MATHE
MID
Model
C 10
(7)
C 01
D1
TAB1
TAB2
C 20
C 11
C 02
D2
NA
C 30
C 21
C 12
C 03
D3
C 40
C 31
C 22
C 13
C 04
D4
C 50
C 41
C 32
C 23
C 14
C 05
(8)
(9)
(10)
TAB4
ND
D5
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATHE
MOONEY
80
20
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.001
Field
Contents
MID

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Model
Specifies the type of hyperelastic material model

MOONEY Selects the generalized Mooney-Rivlin hyperelastic model
Default = MOONEY (Character, <MOONEY, blank>)
NA
Order of the distortional strain energy polynomial function

ND
Order of the volumetric strain energy polynomial function (see comment 2).
Cpq
Material constants related to distortional deformation (Model = MOONEY).

Dp
Material constants related to volumetric deformation (Model = MOONEY).

TAB1
Table identification number of a TABLES1 entry that contains simple tensioncompression data to be used in the estimation of the material constants,
Cpq, related to distortional deformation. The x-values in the TABLES1 entry
should be the stretch ratios and y-values should be values of the engineering
stress.
TAB2
Table identification number of a TABLES1 entry that contains equi-biaxial

tension data to be used in the estimation of the material constants, Cpq,
related to distortional deformation. The x-values in the TABLES1 entry should
be the stretch ratios and y-values should be values of the engineering stress.
TAB4
Table identification number of a TABLES1 entry that contains pure shear data
to be used in the estimation of the material constants, Cpq, related to
distortional deformation. The x-values in the TABLES1 entry should be the
stretch ratios and y-values should be values of the nominal stress.
Comments
1.
curve fit values based on the corresponding TAB# tables. However, any Cpq values set to
0.0 are not overwritten.

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2.
The polynomial form of the Hyperelastic material model is written as a combination of the
deviatoric and volumetric strain energy of the material. The potential (U) is written in
polynomial form, as follows:
Where,
N1 is the order of the distortional strain energy polynomial function (NA)

N2 is the order of the volumetric strain energy polynomial function (ND). Currently only
first order volumetric strain energy functions are supported (ND=1).
Cpq are the material constants related to distortional deformation (Cpq)

,
are invariants internally calculated by OptiStruct
Dp are material constants related to volumetric deformation (Dp). These values define the
compressibility of the material.
Jelas is the elastic volume strain calculated internally by OptiStruct

3.
The polynomial form can be used to model the following material types by specifying the
corresponding coefficients (Cpq, Dp) on the MATHE entry:
Mooney-Rivlin Material:
N1 = N2 =1
C10 I1
C01 I 2
1
J elas
D1
Reduced Polynomial:
q=0
N1
C p 0 I1
N2
p 1
1
J elas
1 Dp
2p
Neo-Hooken Material
N1= N2 =1, q=0
C10 I1
Altair Engineering
1
J elas
D1

Yeoh Material
N1 = N2 =3, q=0
C10 I1
1
J elas
D1
C20 I1
1
J elas
D2
C30 I1
1
J elas
D3
Three term Mooney-Rivlin Material:
C10 I1
C01 I 2
C11 I1
3 I2
C20 I1
C11 I1
3 I2
Signiorini Material:
C10 I1
C01 I 2
Third Order Invariant Material:
C10 I1
C01 I 2
C20 I1
Third Order Deformation Material (James-Green-Simpson):
C10 I1
C01 I 2
C11 I1
3 I2
C20 I1
C30 I1
4.
The MATHE hyperelastic material supports CTETRA (4, 10), CPENTA (6, 15), and CHEXA
(8, 20) element types.
5.

Altair Engineering
MATHF
Bulk Data Entry
MATHF Material Property Definition for One-step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines the material properties in a one-step stamping simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATHF
MID
NU
EPS0
R0
R45
R90
TABLEID
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATHF
17
21.0E4
0.3
184.297
549.03
0.22
0.007
1.6
1.6
1.6
Field
Contents
MID

Youngs Modulus.
No default (Real)
NU
Poissons Ratio.
Default = blank (-1.0 < Real < 0.5 or blank)
Yield stress.
No default (Real)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Strength coefficient.
No default (Real or blank)
Strain hardening component.

EPS0
Pre-strain coefficient.
R0, R45, R90
Lankford coefficients.
No default (Real)
TABLEID
Table ID for stress-strain curve using a TABLES1 entry.

Comments
1.
This entry is only valid with a @HyperForm statement in the first line of the input file.
2.
The TABLEID and the corresponding curve are required only when material data is
specified with a stress-strain curve. For such case, material parameter such as K, n and
EPS0 are extracted from the stress strain curve.

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MATPE1
Bulk Data Entry
MATPE1 Material Property Definition
Description
Defines the material properties for poro-elastic materials.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MATPE1
MID
MAT1
MAT10
BIOT
VISC
GAMMA
PRANDTL
POR
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TOR
AFR
VLE
TLE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MATPE1
17
10
1.0
1.8-8
1.41
7.0-1
8.0-1
Field
Contents
MID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
1.2
2.-5
1.0-1
9.3-2
(10)

MAT1
Material identification number of the MAT1 bulk data entry (or MATF1 if it is
frequency-dependent) for the skeleton.
MAT10
Identification number of MAT10 bulk data entry for the porous material.
BIOT
BIOT factor
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Field
Contents
VISC
Fluid dynamic viscosity

GAMMA
Fluid ratio of specific heats.

Default = 1.402 (Real > 0.0)
PRANDTL
Fluid Prandtl number.

POR
Porosity of the porous material.

TOR
Tortuosity of the porous material.

AFR
Air flow resistivity.

VLE
Viscous characteristic length.

TLE
Thermal characteristic length.

Comments
1. This entry is represented as a material in HyperMesh.

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MATS1
Bulk Data Entry
MATS1 Stress-dependent and Temperature-dependent Material Definition
Description
Specifies stress-dependent and temperature-dependent material properties for use in
applications involving nonlinear materials. This entry is used if a MAT1 entry is specified with
the same MID in a nonlinear subcase.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MATS1
MID
TID
TYPE
YF
HR
LIMIT1
(10)
TYPSTRN
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATS1
17
28
PLASTIC
0.0
2. + 4
Field
Contents
MID
Identification number of a MAT1 entry.
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
TID
Identification number of a TABLES1 or TABLEST entry. If H is given, then

this field must be blank. See comment 3.
TYPE
Type of material nonlinearity. See comments.

PLASTIC Elastoplastic material
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Field
Contents
NLELAST Nonlinear elastic material
Default = NLELAST (PLATIC, NLELAST)
Work hardening slope (slope of stress versus plastic strain) in units of stress.
For elastic-perfectly plastic cases, H = 0.0. For more than a single slope in
the plastic range, the stress-strain data must be supplied on a TABLES1
entry referenced by TID, and this field must be blank. See comment 2.
(Real > 0)
YF
Yield function criterion, selected by the following value (Integer):

1 = von Mises (Default)
HR
Hardening Rule, selected by the following value (Integer):

1 = Isotropic Hardening (Default)
2 = Kinematic Hardening
3 = Mixed Hardening with 30% contribution of the Kinematic Hardening and
70% contribution of the Isotropic Hardening
Adjustable Mixed Hardening is selected by choosing (Real) value for HR:
0 < HR < 1 indicates a mixed combination of Isotropic and Kinematic
Hardening. The contribution of the Kinematic Hardening is HR whereas the
contribution of the Isotropic Hardening is 1 HR.
See comment 4.
(Integer 0, 1, 2, 3 or blank, or Real > 0 and < 1)
LIMIT1
Initial yield point. See comment 6.

(Real > 0 or Blank)
TYPSTRN
Specifies the type of strain used on the x-axis of the table pointed to by
TID. The strain type is selected by one of the following values. See
comment 5.
0 - total strain is used on the x-axis.
1 - plastic strain is used on the x-axis.
Default = 0 (Integer, 0, or 1)

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Comments
1.
For nonlinear elastic material, the stress-strain data given in the TABLES1 entry will be
used to determine the stress for a given value of strain. The values H, YF, HR, and
LIMIT1 will not be used in this case. Nonlinear elastic material is only available in NLGEOM
subcases.
2.
For elastoplastic materials, the elastic stress-strain matrix is computed from a MAT1
entry, and the isotropic plasticity theory is used to perform the plastic analysis. In this
case, either the table identification TID or the work hardening slope H may be specified,
but not both. If the TID is omitted, the work hardening slope H must be specified unless
the material is perfectly plastic. The plasticity modulus (H) is related to the tangential
modulus (ET ) by
where, E is the elastic modulus and

curve in the plastic region.
is the slope of the uniaxial stress-strain
Stress-strain curve definition when H is specified in field 5.
3.
If TID is given, TABLES1 entries (Xi,Yi) of stress-strain data (

following rules:
) must conform to the
If TYPE = "PLASTIC", the curve must be defined in the first quadrant. The data points
must be in ascending order. If the table is defined in terms of total strain (TYPSTRN = 0),
the first point must be at the origin (X1 = 0, Y1 = 0) and the second point (X2, Y2) must
be at the initial yield point (Y 1) specified on the MATS1 entry. The slope of the line
joining the origin to the yield stress must be equal to the value of E. If the table is
defined in terms of plastic strain (TYPSTRN = 1), the first point (X1, Y1), corresponding to
yield point (Y 1), must be at X1=0. TID may reference a TABLEST entry. In this case, the
above rules apply to all TABLES1 tables pointed to by TABLEST.
If TYPE = NLELAST, the full stress-strain curve may be defined in the first and third
quadrants to accommodate different uniaxial compression data. If the curve is defined
only in the first quadrant, then the curve must start at the origin (X1 = 0.0, Y1 = 0.0).
For analyses where small deformations are assumed, there should be little or no difference
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between the true stress-strain curve and the engineering stress-strain curve, so either of
them may be used in the TABLES1 definition. For analyses where small deformations are
not assumed, the true stress-strain curve should be used.
If the deformations go past the values defined in the table, the curve is extrapolated
linearly.
4.
Kinematic hardening and Mixed hardening are supported only for solids.
5.
The conversion of the relation stress vs. total strain (TYPSTRN=0) into stress vs. plastic
strain (TYPSTRN=1) is illustrated below. This is clearly different than simply shifting the
entire table along the epsilon-axis.

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6.
The LIMIT1 field can be blank if the initial yield point value is defined via a referenced
TABLES1 entry on the TID field. OptiStruct will error out if LIMIT1 is blank and TID does
not reference a TABLES1 entry.
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7.
The temperature-dependence of the MATS1 material is defined by referencing a TABLEST

entry via the TID field.
8.
Large strain elasto-plasticity can be activated using MATS1 (TYPE=PLASTIC) in

conjunction with PARAM, LGDISP, 1.
9.
Linear Buckling Analysis and Preloaded Analysis are not supported with models containing
nonlinear (MATS1) material entries. However, you can use PARAM,PRESUBNL,YES to force
OptiStruct to run in such models. Linear Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is not
recommended in models with nonlinear materials or in large displacement nonlinear
analysis. It is the users responsibility to interpret the results with caution.

Altair Engineering
MATT1
Bulk Data Entry
MATT1 Isotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Specifies temperature-dependent material properties on MAT1 entry fields via TABLEMi entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATT1
MID
T(E)
T(G)
T(NU)
T(RHO)
T(A)
T(ST)
T(SC )
T(SS)
(9)
(10)
T(GE)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT1
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
15
52
Field
Contents
MID
Material property identification number that matches the identification number

on MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(E)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Youngs modulus.

T(G)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the shear modulus.

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Field
Contents
T(NU)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Poissons ratio.

T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the mass density.

T(A)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the damping coefficient.

T(ST)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the tension stress limit.

T(SC)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the compression limit.

T(SS)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the shear limit.

Comments
1.
Fields 3, 4, and so on, of this entry correspond, field-by-field, to fields 3, 4, and so on, of
the example shown, E is modified; TABLEMi 32, A is modified by TABLEMi 15; and ST is
modified by TABLEMi 52. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no temperature
2.
The MATT1 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT1 card. In this case,
they will be applied to default values of respective parameters. Initial values of E, G, or
NU will be supplied according to comment 4 on the MAT1 entry.
3.
Table references must be present for each item that is temperature dependent. For
example, it is not sufficient to only give table references for fields 3 and 4 (Youngs
modulus and shear modulus) if Poissons ratio is temperature dependent.
4.
The TEMPERATURE subcase information entry (with type = MATERIAL) is required to

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activate temperature-dependent material behavior and to define the temperature field

(option = SID of TEMP, TEMPD or the SUBCASE ID of a thermal analysis subcase).
5.
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MATT2
Bulk Data Entry
MATT2 Anisotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Specifies temperature-dependent material properties on MAT2 entry fields via TABLEMj
entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATT2
MID
T(G11)
T(G12)
T(G13)
T(G22)
T(G23)
T(G33)
T(RHO)
T(A1)
T(A2)
T(A3)
T(GE)
T(ST)
T(SC )
T(SS)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT2
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
15
62
Field
Contents
MID

on a MAT2 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(Gij)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the terms in the material

property matrix.
T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the mass density.

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Field
Contents
T(Ai)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the thermal expansion

coefficient.
(Integer or blank)
T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the damping coefficient.

T(ST)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the tension stress limit.

T(SC)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the compression limit.

T(SS)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the shear limit.

Comments
1.

the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEMk 32; G33 is modified by TABLEMk 15; and
A1 is modified by TABLEMk 62. If Ri is zero or blank, there is no temperature dependence
of the field on the MAT2 entry.
2.
The MATT2 entries may refer to blank entries on the respective MAT2 card. In which
case, they will be applied to default values of respective parameters.
3.

4.
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MATT3
Bulk Data Entry
MATT3 MAT3 Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MATT3
MID
T(EX)
T(ETH)
T(EZ)
T(GZX)
T(AX)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
T(NUXTH) T(NUTHZ) T(NUZX) T(RHO)
T(ATH)
T(AZ)
T(GE)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT3
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
19
52
Field
Contents
MID

number on MAT3 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(EX),
T(ETH),
T(EZ)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Youngs moduli in the x,

and z directions.
T(NUXTH), Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Poissons ratios in the x, z

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Field
Contents
T(NUTHZ), and zx directions.

T(NUZX)
T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the mass density.

T(GZX)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the shear modulus.

T(AX),
T(ATH),
T(AZ)

coefficients in the x, and z directions.
T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the damping coefficient.

Comments
1.
Fields 3, 4, and so on, of this entry correspond, field-by-field, to fields 3, 4, and so on, of
the example shown, EX is modified; TABLEMi 32, EZ is modified by TABLEMi 19; and GZX is
modified by TABLEMi 52. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no temperature
2.
Any quantity modified by this entry must have a value on the MAT3 entry.
3.

4.
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MATT4
Bulk Data Entry
MATT4 Temperature-Dependent Material Property Definition, Form 4
Description
Defines temperature-dependent material properties for the corresponding MAT4 bulk data
entry fields via TABLEMi entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT4
MID
T(K)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT4
24
200
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
MID
Material identification number of a MAT4 bulk data entry that is temperature

dependent.
T(K)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry that defines temperature-dependent

thermal conductivity.
Comments
1.
The quantities defined on the MAT4 bulk data entry are multiplied by the tabular function
referenced by the MATT4 bulk data card to generate the corresponding material
properties.
2.
If the fields are blank or zero, then constant properties defined on the MAT4 bulk data
card are used.

Altair Engineering
MATT8
Bulk Data Entry
MATT8 Shell Orthotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATT8
MID
T(E1)
T(E2)
T(NU12)
T(G12)
T(G1Z)
T(G2Z)
T(RHO)
T(A1)
T(A2)
T(Xt)
T(Xc)
T(Yt)
T(Yc)
T(S)
T(GE)
T(F12)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT8
17
32
(4)
15
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
15
52
Field
Contents
MID

number on MAT1 entry.
(Integer > 0)
T(E1)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Youngs modulus 1.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
T(E2)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Youngs modulus 2.

T(NU12)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the Poissons ratio 12.

T(G12)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for shear modulus 12.

T(G1Z)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for transverse shear modulus 1Z.

T(G2Z)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for transverse shear modulus 2Z.

T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for mass density.

T(A1)

coefficient 1. See comment 3.
(Integer or blank)
T(A2)

coefficient 2.
(Integer or blank)
T(Xt)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for the tension stress/strain limit 1.

T(Xc)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for compression stress/strain limit

1.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
T(Yt)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for tension stress/strain limit 2.

T(Yc)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for compression stress/strain limit

2.
T(S)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for shear stress/strain limit.

T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for structural damping coefficient.

T(F12)
Identification number of a TABLEMi entry for Tsai-Wu interaction term.

Comments
1.

the example shown, E1 is modified by TABLEMi 32; A1 is modified by TABLEMi 15; and Xt
is modified by TABLEMi 52. Blank or zero entries mean that there is no temperature
dependence of the fields on the MAT8 entry.
2.
3.

4.
Altair Engineering

MATT9
Bulk Data Entry
MATT9 Solid Element Anisotropic Material Temperature Dependence
Description
Specifies temperature-dependent material properties on MAT9 entry fields via TABLEMk
entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATT9
MID
T(G11)
T(G12)
T(G13)
T(G14)
T(G15)
T(G16)
T(G22)
T(G23)
T(G24)
T(G25)
T(G26)
T(G33)
T(G34)
T(G35)
T(G36)
T(G44)
T(G45)
T(G46)
T(G55)
T(G56)
T(G66)
T(RHO)
T(A1)
T(A2)
T(A3)
T(A4)
T(A5)
T(A6)
T(GE)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATT9
17
32
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
18
(9)
(10)
17
12
10
Field
Contents
MID

on a MAT9 entry.
(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
T(Gij)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the terms in the material

property matrix.
T(RHO)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the mass density.

T(Ai)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the thermal expansion

coefficients.
T(GE)
Identification number of a TABLEMk entry for the damping coefficient.

Comments
1.

the MAT9 entry referenced in field 2. The value recorded in a particular field of the MAT9
entry is replaced or modified by the table referenced in the corresponding field of this
entry. In the example shown, G11 is modified by TABLEMj 32; G14 is modified by TABLEMj
18, and so on. If the fields are zero or blank, there is no temperature dependence of the
field on the MAT9 entry.
2.
3.
4.

5.
Altair Engineering

MATX0
Bulk Data Entry
MATX0 Material Property Extension for Void Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines void material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATX0
MID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
10.0
MATX0
102
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.495
6.0E-10
(7)
Field
Contents
MID
Material ID of the associated MAT1. See comment 1.
(8)
(9)
(10)

Comments
1.
The material identification number must be that of an existing MAT1 bulk data entry. Only
one MATX0 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT1.
2.
MATX0 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN subcase entry. For all other subcases, it is
treated as an elastic material defined by the associated MAT1.
3.
This card is represented as an extension to a MAT1 material in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
MATX02
Bulk Data Entry
MATX02 Material Property Extension for Johnson-Cooke Elastic-plastic Material for
Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Johnson-Cooke elastic-plastic material for geometric
nonlinear analysis. This is an elasto-plastic law with strain rate and temperature effects.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MATX02
MID
EPSMAX
SIGMAX
DEPS0
IC C
FSMOOTH
FC UT
TMELT
RC P
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
60.4
MATX02
102
0.09026
(4)
0.22313
(5)
(6)
0.33
2.70E-06
0.374618
100.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.175
Field
Contents
MID

Plasticity yield stress.

(Real > 0)
Plasticity hardening parameter.

(Real > 0)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Plasticity hardening exponent.

EPSMAX
Failure plastic strain max

SIGMAX
Maximum plastic stress max0

Strain rate coefficient. If zero, there is no strain rate effect.

DEPS0
Reference strain rate

If DESPS < DESPS0, no strain rate effect.
ICC
Flag for strain rate dependency of max (See comment 5).

Default = ON (ON or OFF)
FSMOOTH
Flag for strain rate smoothing.

Default = OFF (ON or OFF)
FCUT
Cutoff frequency for strain rate filtering. Only for shell and solid elements.
Temperature exponent.
TMELT
Melting temperature.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
RCP
Specific heat per unit of volume.

Comments
1.
one MATXi material extension can be associated with a particular MAT1.
2.
3.
This is an elastic-plastic law with strain rate and thermal effects. It follows:
with:
= plastic strain
= strain rate
T = Temperature (in Kelvin)
4.
If the plastic strain reaches EPSMAX, shell elements are deleted. Solid elements are not
deleted, but the deviatoric stress is set to zero.
5.
ICC controls the strain rate effect.
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6.
No strain rate effects are considered in rod elements.
7.
Strain rate filtering is used to smooth strain rates. The input FCUT is available only for
shell and solid elements.
8.
To take into account the temperature effect, strain rate dependence must be activated.
If the temperature exponent M = 0; there is no temperature effect. No temperature
effect is considered on rod, bar, and beam elements.
9.
The temperature is computed assuming adiabatic conditions:
where, Eint is the internal energy.

If Cp = 0, the temperature is constant: T = T i
10. This card is represented as an extension to a MAT1 material in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
MATX13
Bulk Data Entry
MATX13 Material Property Extension for Rigid Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines rigid material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
MATX13
MID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
10.0
MATX13
102
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.495
6.0E-10
(7)
Field
Contents
MID
(8)
(9)
(10)

Comments
1.
2.
3.
Altair Engineering

MATX21
Bulk Data Entry
MATX21 Material Property Extension for Rock-Concrete Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Rock-Concrete material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This law is based on the Drcker-Prager yield criteria and is used to model materials
with internal friction such as rock-concrete. The plastic behavior of these materials is
dependent on the pressure in the material. This law is only applicable to solid elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MATX21
MID
A0
A1
A2
AMAX
TPID
KT
FSC AL
PMIN
(7)
(8)
(9)
MUMAX
PEXT
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
3.1E10
MATX21
102
1
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.33
1000.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
3
1E10
Field
Contents
MID

A0
Coefficient.
(Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
A1
Coefficient.
(Real)
A2
Coefficient.
(Real)
AMAX
Von Mises limit.

TPID
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the volumetric strain vs.

pressure function.
KT
Tensile bulk modulus.

(Real > 0.0)
FSCAL
Scale factor for pressure function.

PMIN
Minimum pressure.
Default = -1030 (Real)
Unloading bulk modulus.

(Real > 0.0)
MUMAX
Maximum compression volumetric strain.

(Real)
PEXT
External pressure (see comment 6).

Comments
1.
2.
Altair Engineering

3.
Hydrodynamic behavior is given by a user-defined function P = f()

where, P is the pressure in the material, and is the volumetric strain.
4.
Drcker-Prager yield criteria uses a modified von Mises yield criteria to incorporate the
effects of pressure for massive structures:
F = J2 - (A0 + A1P + A2P2)
where,
J2: second invariant of deviatoric stress.
P: pressure.
A0, A1, A2: material coefficients.
A1 = A2 = 0 means that the yield criteria is von Mises (
vm
3 A0

Altair Engineering
5.
It is recommended to set unloading bulk modulus, B equal to the initial slope of function
describing P() and tensile bulk modulus KT equal to 1/100 of unloading bulk modulus. B
and KT must be positive.
6.
External pressure is required if relative pressure formulation is used. In this specific case,
yield criteria and energy integration require the value of total pressure.
7.
Altair Engineering

MATX25
Bulk Data Entry
MATX25 Material Property Extension for Tsai-Wu and CRASURVT Materials for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines an elasto-plastic orthotropic material with Tsai-Wu and CRASURVT yield criteria for
composite shell materials.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MATX25
MID
EPSF1
EPSF2
EPST1
EPSM1
EPST2
EPSM2
DTENDS
WPMAX
WPREF
IOFF
GAMINI
GAMMAX
DMAX
RATIO
FSMOOTH
FC UT
IFORM
(10)
Continuation line for IFORM = TSAI

B
FMAX
SY1T
SY2T
SY1C
SY2C
ALFA
SY12C
SY12T
C 12
EPSR0
IC C
Continuation line for IFORM = CRAS

C
EPSR0
ALFA
IC C G
SY1T
B1T
N1T
SMAX1T
EPS1T1
EPS2T1
SRST1
WMPT1
SY2T
B2T
N2T
SMAX2T
EPS1T2
EPS2T2
SRST2
WMPT2
C 1T
C 2T

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SY1C
B1C
N1C
SMAX1C
EPS1C 1
EPS2C 1
SRSC 1
WMPC 1
SY2C
B2C
N2C
SMAX2C
EPS1C 2
EPS2C 2
SRSC 2
WMPC 2
SY12T
B12T
N12T
SMAX12
T
EPS1T12
EPS2T12
SRST12
WMPT12
C 1C
C 2C
C 12T
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MAT8
102
70000
70000
0.3
26923.1
26923.1
26923.1
MATX25
102
0.15
0.2
(9)
(10)
0.95
0.2
1.0
2.0
1E10
1E10
1E10
1E10
1E10
1E10
Field
Contents
MID

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
EPSF1
Total tensile failure in direction 1.

Default = 1E30 (Real)
EPSF2
Total tensile failure in direction 2.

EPST1
Tensile failure strain in direction 1.

(Real)
EPSM1
Maximum strain in direction 1.

(Real)
EPST2
Tensile failure strain in direction 2.

(Real)
EPSM2
Maximum strain in direction 2.

(Real)
DTENDS
Maximum damage of composite tensile strength.

Default = 0.999 (Real < 1.0)
WPMAX
Maximum plastic work.

WPREF
Reference plastic work.

IOFF
Total element failure criteria.

= 0: shell is deleted if Wp* > Wp*max for 1 layer
= 1: shell is deleted if Wp* > Wp*max for all layers
= 2: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 1(t1)

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Field
Contents
= 3: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 2(t2)
= 4: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in directions 1(t1) and
2(t2)
= 5: if for all layers: Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 1(t1)
or if for all layers: Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 2(t2)
= 6: if for each layer, Wp* > Wp*max or tensile failure in direction 1(t1) or
2(t2)
GAMINI
Delamination shear strain. See comment 11.

GAMMAX
Maximum shear strain.

Default = 1.1E30 (Real)
DMAX
Maximum damage.
RATIO
Ratio parameter control to delete shell elements

< 0.0: the element will be deleted if all of the layers but one fail (the number
of layers that did not fail is equal to 1).
> 0.0: the element will be deleted if:
FSMOOTH

FCUT
Cutoff frequency for strain rate filtering.

IFORM
Formulation flag.
Default = TSAI (TSAI, CRAS)
IFORM = TSAI
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Field
Contents
Hardening parameter.
(Real)
Hardening exponent.
FMAX
Maximum value of yield function.

SY1T
Tension in direction 1.
(Real > 0)
SY2T
Tension in direction 2.
(Real > 0)
SY1C
Compression yield stress in direction 1.

(Real > 0)
SY2C

(Real > 0)
ALFA
F12 reduction factor.

SY12C

(Real > 0)
SY12T
Tension yield stress in direction 12.

(Real > 0)
C12
Strain rate coefficient.

(Real)

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Field
Contents
= 0.0: no strain rate dependency.
EPSR0
Reference strain rate.

(Real)
ICC
Flag for yield stress in shear and strain rate (See comment 9).
(Integer)
= 0:
= 1:
= 2:
= 3:
= 4:
Default set to 1
Strain rate effect on FMAX no effect on WPMAX
No strain rate effect on FMAX and WPMAX
Strain rate effect on FMAX and WPMAX
No strain rate effect on FMAX effect on WPMAX
IFORM = CRAS
C
Global strain rate coefficient for plastic work criteria.

(Real)
EPSR0
Reference strain rate.

(Real)
ALFA
F12 reduction factor.

Default= 1.0 (Real)
ICCG
Global composite plasticity parameters flag for strain rate computation: (See
comment 9).
= 1: Strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C, SMAX12T;
no strain rate effect on WPMAX.
= 2: No strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C,
SMAX12T; no strain rate effect on WPMAX.
= 3: Strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C, SMAX12T
and strain rate effect on WPMAX.
= 4: No strain rate effect on SMAX1T, SMAX2T, SMAX1C, SMAX2C, SMAX12T
and strain rate effect on WPMAX.
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Field
Contents
SY1T

(Real > 0)
B1T
Hardening parameter in direction 1.

(Real)
N1T
Hardening exponent in direction 1.

SMAX1T
Maximum stress in direction 1.

C1T
Strain rate coefficient in direction 1.

0: no strain rate dependency.
Default = C (Real)
EPS1T1
Initial softening strain in direction 1.

EPS2T1
Maximum softening strain in direction 1.

Default = 1.2 * EPS1T1 (Real)
SRST1
Residual stress in direction 1.

Default = 10E-3*SY1T (Real)
WMPT1
Maximum plastic work in tension direction 1.

SY2T

(Real > 0)
B2T

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Field
Contents
Default = B1T (Real)
N2T

Default = N1T (Real)
SMAX2T

C2T

0: no strain rate dependency
Default = C (Real)
EPS1T2

EPS2T2

Default = 1.2*EPS1T1 (Real)
SRST2

Default = 10E-3 * SY2T (Real)
WMPT2
Maximum plastic work in tension direction 2.

SY1C

(Real > 0)
B1C

Default = B2T (Real)
N1C

Default = N2T (Real)
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Field
Contents
SMAX1C

C1C

Default = C (Real)
EPS1C1

ESP2C1

Default = 1.2*EPS1C1 (Real)
SRSC1

Default = 10E-3*S1YC (Real)
WMPC1
Maximum plastic work in compression direction 1.

SY2C

(Real > 0)
B2C

Default = B1C (Real)
N2C
Hardening exponent in direction 2

Default = N1C (Real)
SMAX2C

C2C

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Field
Contents
Default = C (Real)
EPS1C2

EPS2C2

Default = 1.2*EPS1C2 (Real)
SRSC2

Default = 10E-3*S2YC (Real)
WMPC2
Maximum plastic work in compression direction 2.

SY12T

(Real > 0)
B12T

Default = B2C (Real)
N12T

SMAX12T

C12T

Default = C (Real)
EPS1T12
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Field
Contents
EPS2T12

Default = 1.2*EPS1T12 (Real)
SRST12

Default = 10E-3*SY12T (Real)
WMPT12
Maximum plastic work in shear.

Comments
1.
2.
3.
Tsai-Wu formula (IFORM=TSAI) is not available with QEPH (ISHELL=24 on PCOMPX) shell
elements, it is only available with Q4 (ISHELL=1,2,3,4 on PCOMPX) and QBAT(ISHELL=12
on PCOMPX) shell elements.
4.
The Lamina yield surface for Tsai-Wu criteria(IFORM=TSAI) is:
with:
Wp is the plastic work
is the reference plastic work
is the yield envelope evolution:

where,
b = Hardening parameter for plastic work
n = Hardening exponent

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5.
The CRASURV model is an improved version of the former law based on the standard TsaiWu criteria. The main changes concern the expression of the yield surface before
plastification and during work hardening. Firstly, in a CRASURV model, the coefficient F 44
depends only on one input parameter:
Another modification concerns the parameters F ij which are expressed now in function of
plastic work and plastic work rate as below:
6.
If the total tensile failure value EPSF1 is reached in the direction 1 and respectively
EPSF2 in the direction 2, the stresses tensor in the layer is permanently reset to 0.
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7.
If a shell has several layers with one material per layer (different materials, different
IOFF), the IOFF used is the one that is associated to the shell in the shell element
definition.
8.
Both Wp* and Wp*max are defined as follows:
9.
The plastic work criteria is:
When ICC=2,3,4 for Tsai-Wu formula, when ICCG=3,4 for CRASURV formula.
10. Delamination is a global model:
with
applies to the all shell and not independently per each layer.
11. Thereby, the coefficients GAMINI, GAMMAX, and DMAX considered, are the coefficients
which are defined in the global material associated to the shell equivalent out-of-plane
shear strain.
12. The IOFF and RATIO field values are utilized only if they are defined in the material
assigned to a part, these fields are not considered if they are only defined in material
used for a layer in the property entry. This option is not available for solid elements.
13. This card is represented as extension to a MAT8 material in HyperMesh.

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MATX27
Bulk Data Entry
MATX27 Material Property Extension for Elastic-Plastic Brittle Material for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for elastic-plastic brittle material for geometric nonlinear
analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATX27
MID
EPSMAX
SIGMAX
DEPS0
EPS1MAX
D1MAX
EPSD1
EPS2
EPS2MAX
D2MAX
ESPD2
IC C
EPS1
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
127
60.4
MATX27
127
0.09026
(4)
0.22313
(5)
(6)
0.33
2.70E-06
0.374618
100.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.175
Field
Contents
MID


(Real > 0)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents

(Real > 0)

EPSMAX

SIGMAX


DEPS0
Reference strain rate

If DESPS < DESPS0, no strain rate effect.
ICC
Flag for strain rate dependency of max . See comment 4.

EPS1
Tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 1.

Default = 1.0*1030
EPS1MAX
Maximum tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 1.

Default = 1.1*1030
DMAX1
(Real > 0)
(Real > 0)
Maximum tensile failure damage in principal strain direction 1.


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Field
Contents
EPSD1
Tensile strain for element deletion in principal strain direction 2.

Default = 1.2*1030 (Real > 0)
EPS2
Tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 2.

Default = 1.0*1030
EPS2MAX
Maximum tensile failure strain in principal strain direction 2.

Default = 1.1*1030
DMAX2
(Real > 0)
(Real > 0)
Maximum tensile failure damage in principal strain direction 2.

EPSD2
Tensile strain for element deletion in principal strain direction 2.

Default = 1.2*1030
(Real > 0)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
This law is only applicable with shell elements. The isotropic elasto-plastic model is the
same as with MATX02. However, MATX27 allows material damage and brittle failure to be
modeled.
4.
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5.
The failure plastic strain EPSMAX has no effect if the second continuation is defined.
6.
An element is removed if one layer reaches the tensile failure strain EPS1.
7.

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MATX28
Bulk Data Entry
MATX28 Material Property Extension for Honeycomb Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Honeycomb material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
This law is only applicable to solid elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATX28
MID
(9)
TIID11
TIID22
TIID33
IFLAG1
FSC AI11
FSC AI22
FSC AI33
EPSFI11
EPSFI22
EPSFI33
TIID12
TIID23
TIID31
IFLAG2
FSC AI12
FSC AI23
FSC AI31
EPSFI12
EPSFI23
EPSFI31
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT9ORT
102
0.2
0.02
0.02
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.286E-7
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
22
33
NEGSTR
1.0
1.0
1.0
12
23
31
NEGSTR
1.0
1.0
1.0
MATX28
(10)
102
Altair Engineering

0.0
0.0
0.0
Field
Contents
MID
Material ID of the associated MAT9ORT. See comment 1.

TIID11
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the initial yield stress function
in direction 11.
TIID22
in direction 22.
TIID33
in direction 33.
IFLAG1
Strain formulation for yield functions 11, 22, and 33. See comment 4.
Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, or NEGSTR)
VOLSTR - Yield stress is a function of volumetric strains.
STR - Yield stress is a function of strains.
NEGSTR - Yield stress is a function of negative strains.
FSCAI11
Scale factor on initial yield stress function in direction 11.

FSCAI22

FSCAI33

EPSFI11
Initial failure strain under tension or compression in direction 11.

(Real)
EPSFI22

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Field
Contents
(Real)
EPSFI33

(Real)
TIID12
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the initial shear yield stress
function in direction 12.
TIID23
TIID31
IFLAG2
Strain formulation for yield functions 12, 23, and 31.

Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, or NEGSTR)
FSCAI12
Scale factor on initial shear yield stress function in direction 12.

FSCAI23

FSCAI31

EPSFI12

(Real)
EPSFI23

(Real)
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Field
Contents
EPSFI31

(Real)
Comments
1.
The material identification number must be that of an existing MAT9ORT bulk data entry.
Only one MATX28 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT9ORT.
2.
3.
This law is compatible with 10 node tetrahedron elements, and it is compatible with
ISOLID = 1, 2, or 12 on PSOLIDX card.
4.
This law is not compatible with IFRAME = OFF, if it is referenced by the PSOLIDX card.
5.
When switching from a volumetric strain formulation to a strain formulation, IFLAGi =

NEGSTR allows the same function definition to be retained.
6.
If one of the failure or shear failure strains is reached, the element is deleted.
7.
Transition strains define transition from initial yield stress function to residual yield stress
function.
8.
If one of the transition or shear transition strains is reached, the element has yield stress
described by residual functions in each direction. Transition is applied to the neighboring
elements.
9.
This card is represented as an extension to a MAT9ORT material in HyperMesh.

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MATX33
Bulk Data Entry
MATX33 Material Property Extension for Visco-Elastic Plastic Foam Material for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for visco-elastic plastic foam material for geometric
nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MATX33
MID
KA
TID
FSC ALE
P0
PHI
EPSV0
E1
E2
ET
ETAC
(10)
ETAS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
133
0.11
MATX33
133
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.11
9.92E-07
(7)
Field
Contents
MID
Material ID of the associated MAT1 (See comment 1).
(8)
(9)
(10)

KA
Flag for analysis type.

Default = ELAST (Character = ELAST, VISCO)
ELAST: the skeletal behavior before yield is elastic.
VISCO: the skeletal behavior before yield is visco-elastic.
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Field
Contents
TID
Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the yield stress vs.
volumetric strain curve.
FSCALE
Scale factor for stress in yield curve.

P0
Initial air pressure (See comment 4).

PHI
Ratio of foam to polymer density.

EPSV0
Initial volumetric strain.

Yield parameter.
Yield parameter.
Yield parameter.
E1
Coefficient for Young's modulus update.

No default (Real)
E2
Coefficient for Young's modulus update.

No default (Real)
ET
Tangent modulus.

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Field
Contents
ETAC
Viscosity coefficient in pure compression.

ETAS
Viscosity coefficient in pure shear.

Comments
1.
2.
3.
This material can be used only with solid elements, typically used to model low density,
closed cell polyurethane foams such as impact limiters.
4.
The air pressure is computed as

Pair = P0 *
where,
/ (1+
- ), with
= 0 + V/V0 - 1
is the volumetric strain, is the porosity, P0 is the initial air pressure,
initial volumetric strain. The volumetric strain

5.
0 is the
< 0 in compression.
If TID is blank or zero, then

y = A + B(1+ C ), with
= V/V0 - 1 = /0 - 1 = -/(1+)
6.
If TID is defined, y vs.
7.
The Youngs modulus used in the calculation is

E = max(E, E1
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is read from input of the curve.
+ E2)

This material assumes NU = 0 no matter what is defined on the corresponding MAT1.

Hence, G = 0.5 * E.
8.

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MATX36
Bulk Data Entry
MATX36 Material Property Extension for Piece-wise Linear Elastic-plastic Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for piece-wise linear elastic-plastic material for geometric
nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MATX36
MID
EPSMAX
EPST1
EPST2
EPSF
FSMOOTH
FC UT
IC H
TPID
PSC A
TID1
FSC A1
EPSR1
...
...
...
TIDi
FSC Ai
EPSRI
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
60.4
MATX36
102
10
1.0
1.0
Altair Engineering
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.33
2.70E-06
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.0

Field
Contents
MID
Material identifier of the associated MAT1 (See comment 1).

EPSMAX

EPST1
Maximum tensile failure strain (See comment 5).

Default = 1030
EPST2
(Real > 0)
Maximum tensile failure damage (See comment 6).

Default = 2.0*1030
EPSF
(Real > 0)
Tensile strain for element deletion.

Default = 3.0*1030 (Real > 0)
FSMOOTH

FCUT
ICH
Hardening coefficient.
0.0 - The hardening is a full isotropic model.
1.0 - Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0 - Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
TPID
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines pressure dependent yield

stress function.
PSCA
Scale factor for stress in pressure dependent function.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
TIDi
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines the yield stress vs. plastic
strain function corresponding to EPSRi. Separate functions must be defined
for different strain rates.
FSCAi
Scale factor for TIDi.

EPSRi
Strain rate. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order.
(Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
The first point of yield stress functions (plastic strain vs. stress) should have a plastic
strain value of zero. If the last point of the first (static) function equals 0 in stress, the
default value of EPSMAX is set to the value of the corresponding plastic strain.
4.
When the plastic strain reaches EPSMAX, the element is deleted.
5.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches t1 = EPST1, the stress is reduced by
with t2 = EPST2.
6.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches t2 = EPST2, the stress is reduced to 0 (but the
element is not deleted).
7.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches f = EPSF, the element is deleted.
8.
9.
Hardening is defined by ICH.

ICH = 0 Fully isotropic hardening
ICH = 1 Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening
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0 < ICH < 1 Interpolation between the two models
10. The kinematic hardening model is not available with global formulation (NIP = 0 on
PSHELX), that is hardening is fully isotropic.
11. In case of kinematic hardening and strain rate dependency, the yield stress depends on
the strain rate.
12. TPID is used to distinguish the behavior in tension and compression for certain materials
(that is pressure dependent yield). This is available for both shell and solid elements.
The effective yield stress is then obtained by multiplying the nominal yield stress by the
yield factor PSCA corresponding to the actual pressure.
13. The first function TID1 is used for strain rate values from 0 to the corresponding strain
rate EPSR1. However, the last function used in the model does not extend to the
maximum strain rate; for higher strain rates, a linear extrapolation will be applied. Hence,
if < EPSRi, the yield stress is interpolated between TIDi and TIDi-1. If < EPSR1, TID1
is used. Above EPSRmax the yield stress is extrapolated.
14. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order. Separate functions must be
defined for different strain rates.
15. At least one strain rate is needed under which the yield stress vs. plastic strain function
is defined.

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MATX42
Bulk Data Entry
MATX42 Material Property Extension for Ogden, Mooney-Rivlin Material for Geometric
Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Ogden, Mooney-Rivlin material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This material is used to model rubber, polymers, and elastomers.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MATX42
MID
SC UT
LAW
MU1
MU4
(5)
(6)
TBID
FBULK
ALFA1
MU2
ALFA2
ALFA4
MU5
ALFA5
(7)
(8)
(9)
MU3
ALFA3
T3
(10)
Optional continuation lines for prony value:

PRONY
G1
T1
G2
T2
G3
G4
T4
G5
T5
...
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
10.0
MATX42
102
LAW
Altair Engineering
0.10
(4)
2.0
(5)
(6)
0.495
6.0E-10
-0.010
-2.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
MID

SCUT
Cut-off stress in tension.

Default = 103 0 (Real > 0)
TBID
Identification number of a TABLES1 to define the bulk function f(J) that scales
the bulk modulus vs. relative volume. If TBID = 0, f(J) = const. = 1.0.
FBULK
Scale factor for bulk function.

LAW
Indicates that material parameters MUi and ALFAi follow.
MUi
Parameter i
(Real)
ALFAi
Parameter i
(Real)
PRONY
Indicates that prony model parameters Gi and Ti follow.
Gi
Parameter G for prony model.

(Real)
Ti
Parameter T for prony model.

(Real)
Comments
1.
2.

Altair Engineering
3.
Up to five pairs MUi, ALFAi are permitted.
4.
The recommended Poissons ratio for incompressible material is NU = 0.495. NU is defined

on the corresponding MAT1.
5.
The strain energy density W is computed using the following equation
with i being the ith principal stretch (i = 1 +
is the ith principal engineering
strain). The Cauchy stress is computed as follows:
with J = 1 * 2 * 3 being the relative volume:
The quantity P is the pressure:

P = K * FBULK * f (J) * (J - 1)
The Bulk Modulus K is:
with the ground shear modulus :
6.
An incompressible Mooney-Rivlin material is governed by

W = C1 0 (I1 - 3) + C0 1 (I2 - 3)
where, Ii is ith invariant of the right-hand Cauchy-Green Tensor. It can be modeled using
the following parameters:
1 = 2 * C1 0
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2 = -2 * C0 1
1 = 2.0
2 = -2.0
7.
The Kirchhoff viscous stress is given by the convolution integral:
and
8.

Altair Engineering
MATX43
Bulk Data Entry
MATX43 Material Property Extension for Hill Orthotropic Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Hill Orthotropic material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This law is only applicable to two-dimensional elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATX43
MID
R00
R45
R90
C HARD
EPSPF
EPST1
EPST2
If strain rate dependent material, at least 1 time, at most 10 times

TID1
FSC A1
EPSR1
TID2
FSC A2
EPSR2
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MAT8
102
0.7173
0.7173
0.3
0.4
MATX43
102
1.0
1.0
2.0
1.0
0.1
1.0
0.05
Altair Engineering
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
2.7

Field
Contents
MID

R00
Lankford parameter at 0 degree.

R45
Lankford parameter at 45 degrees.

R90
Lankford parameter at 90 degrees.

CHARD
0.0 - The hardening is a full isotropic model.
1.0 - Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0 - Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
Default = 0.0 (1.0 > Real > 0.0)
EPSPF
Failure plastic strain.

Default = 1030 (Real)
EPST1
Tensile failure strain.

EPST2
Tensile failure strain.

Default = 2.0*1030 (Real)
TIDi
strain function corresponding to EPSRi. Separate functions must be defined
for different strain rates.
Integer > 0

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
FSCAi
Scale factor for ith function.

Default= 1.0 (Real)
EPSRi
Strain rate for ith function.

(Real)
Comments
1.
one MATX43 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT8. E1 must be
equal to E2 on MAT8 that is extended by MATX43.
2.
3.
The yield stress is defined by a user function and the yield stress is compared to
equivalent stress.
4.
Angles for Lankford parameters are defined with respect to orthotropic direction 1.
5.
The Lankford parameters r are determined from a simple tensile test at an angle to the
orthotropic direction 1.
6.
The hardening coefficient is used to describe the hardening model. Its value must be
between 0 and 1:
if set to 0, the hardening is full isotropic.
if set to 1, the hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Altair Engineering

for any value between 0 and 1, the hardening is interpolated between the two models.
7.
If the last point of the first (static) function equals 0 in stress, default value of failure
plastic strain EPSPF is set to the corresponding value of plastic strain, p.
8.
If plastic strain p reaches failure plastic strain pmax , the element is deleted.
9.
If 1 (largest principal strain) > t1(EPST1), stress is reduced according to the following
relation:
10. If 1 (largest principal strain) > t2(EPST2), the stress is reduced to be 0 (but the
element is not deleted). If
(EPSRn), yield is interpolated between n and n-1. If
(EPSR1), function 1 is used. Above
, yield is extrapolated.
11. This card is represented as extension to a MAT8 material in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
MATX44
Bulk Data Entry
MATX44 Material Property Extension for Cowper-Symonds Elastic-plastic Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for Cowper-Symonds elastic-plastic material for
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MATX44
MID
IC H
SIGMAX
IC C
FSMOOTH
FC UT
EPSMAX
EPST1
EPST2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
144
0.11
MATX44
144
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.11
9.92E-07
Field
Contents
MID
Material ID of the associated MAT1.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

A

(Real > 0)

(Real > 0)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents

ICH
0.0: The hardening is a full isotropic model.
1.0: Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0: Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
SIGMAX


Strain rate exponent.

ICC
Flag for strain rate dependency of max (See comment 5).

FSMOOTH

FCUT

EPSMAX

EPST1
Tensile rupture strain 1.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
EPST2
Tensile rupture strain 2.

Default = 2.0 * 1030 (Real > 0)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
The Cowper-Symonds models an elastic-plastic material, only for solids and shells. The
basic principle is the same as the standard Johnson-Cook model; the only difference
between the two lies in the expression for strain rate effect on flow stress
with p being plastic strain, and

4.
being the strain rate.

ICH = 0 Fully isotropic hardening.
ICH = 1 Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening.
0 < ICH < 1 Interpolation between the two models.
5.
Altair Engineering

6.
No strain rate effects are considered in rod elements.
7.
8.
9.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches t1 = EPST1, the stress is reduced by
with t2 = EPST2.
10. If the first principal strain 1 reaches t2 = EPST2, the stress is reduced to 0 (but the
11. If the first principal strain 1 reaches f = EPSF, the element is deleted.

Altair Engineering
MATX60
Bulk Data Entry
MATX60 Material Property Extension for Piece-wise Nonlinear Elastic-plastic Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for piece-wise nonlinear elastic-plastic material for
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MATX60
MID
EPSPF
EPST1
EPST2
TPID
PSC A
(7)
FSMOOTH C HARD
(8)
(9)
(10)
FC UT
EPSF
Strain rate dependent material, at least 4 times, at most 10 times:

TID1
FSC A1
EPSR1
TID2
FSC A2
EPSR2
...
...
...
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
900
MATX60
102
(4)
101
1.0
4.2E-7
102
1.0
4.2e6
Altair Engineering
(5)
(6)
0.33
1E1
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
MID

EPSPF

EPST1
Maximum tensile failure strain (See comment 5).

EPST2
Maximum tensile failure damage (See comment 6).

Default = 2.0*1030 (Real > 0)
FSMOOTH

CHARD
0.0: The hardening is a full isotropic model.
1.0: Hardening uses the kinematic Prager-Ziegler model.
Between 0.0 and 1.0: Hardening is interpolated between the two models.
Default = 0.0 (1.0 > Real > 0)
FCUT
EPSF
Tensile strain for element deletion.

Default = 3.0*1030 (Real > 0)
TPID
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines pressure dependent yield

stress function.
PSCA
Scale factor for stress in pressure dependent function.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
TIDi
strain rate function corresponding to EPSRi. Separate functions must be
FSCAi
Scale factor for TIDi.

EPSRi
Strain rate. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order.
(Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
The first point of yield stress functions (plastic strain vs. stress) should have a plastic
strain value of zero. If the last point of the first (static) function equals 0 in stress, the
default value of EPSMAX is set to the value of the corresponding plastic strain.
4.
5.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches t1 (EPST1), the stress is reduced by
with t2 = EPST2.
6.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches t2 (EPST2), the stress is reduced to 0 (but the
7.
If the first principal strain 1 reaches f (EPSF), the element is deleted.
8.
9.
Altair Engineering

ICH = 0 Fully isotropic hardening

ICH = 1 Prager-Ziegler kinematic hardening
0 < ICH < 1 Interpolation between the two models
Isotropic Hardening
Prager-Ziegler Kinematic Hardening
10. The kinematic hardening model is not available with global formulation (NIP = 0 on
PSHELX), that is hardening is fully isotropic.
11. In case of kinematic hardening and strain rate dependency, the yield stress depends on
the strain rate.
12. TPID is used to distinguish the behavior in tension and compression for certain materials
(that is pressure dependent yield). This is available for solid elements only. The effective
yield stress is then obtained by multiplying the nominal yield stress by the yield factor
PSCA corresponding to the actual pressure.
13. If
=EPSRn) , yield stress is a cubic interpolation between functions f n-
1, f n, f n+1 and f n+2.
If
, yield stress is interpolated between functions f 1, f 2, and f 3.
If
, where Nfunc is the function number for strain rate, yield is
extrapolated between functions f Nfunc-3, f Nfunc-2, f Nfunc-1 and f Nfunc.
If
, yield is extrapolated between functions f Nfunc-2, f Nfunc-1, and f Nfunc.
14. Strain rate values must be given strictly in ascending order. Separate functions must be

Altair Engineering
MATX62
Bulk Data Entry
MATX62 Material Property Extension for Hyper-visco-elastic Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Hyper-visco-elastic material for geometric nonlinear
analysis. This material is used to model rubber, polymers, and elastomers.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATX62
MID
MUMAX
LAW
(9)
MU1
ALFA1
MU2
ALFA2
MU3
ALFA3
MU4
ALFA4
MU5
ALFA5
...
(10)
Optional continuation lines for Maxwell value:

MAXWELL
GAM1
T1
GAM2
T2
GAM3
GAM4
T4
GAM5
T5
...
T3
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
10.0
MATX62
102
LAW
Altair Engineering
0.10
(4)
2.0
(5)
(6)
0.495
6.0E-10
-0.010
-2.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
MID

MUMAX
Maximum viscosity.
LAW
Indicates that material parameters MUi and ALFAi follow.
MUi
Parameter i
(Real)
ALFAi
Parameter i
(Real)
MAXWELL
Indicates that MAXWELL model parameter pairs GAMi and Ti follow.
GAMi
Stiffness ratio i.
(Real)
Ti
Time relaxation i.
(Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
This material is compatible with solid and shell elements.
4.
NU is defined on the corresponding MAT1.
5.
If no pair GAM1, T1 is given the law is hyper-elastic.

Altair Engineering
6.
The strain energy density W is computed using the following equation:
with i being the ith principal stretch, J = 1 * 2 * 3 being the relative volume and
. O < NU < 0.5

The ground shear modulus is:
7.
Altair Engineering

MATX65
Bulk Data Entry
MATX65 Material Property Extension for Tabulated Strain Rate Dependent Elastic-Plastic
Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for tabulated strain rate dependent elastic-plastic
material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MATX65
MID
EPSMAX
FSMOOTH
FC UT
NLOAD
(8)
(9)
(10)
If NLOAD > 1, NLOAD times

TIDL
TIDU
EPSR
FSC AL
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
91
60.4
MATX65
91
2.70E-06
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.33
2.70E-06
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
MID


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
EPSMAX

(Real > 0)
FSMOOTH
Strain rate filtering flag.

FCUT

Default = 1.E30 (Real > 0)
NLOAD
Number of loading/unloading stress-strain function pairs.

TIDL
Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the loading stress-strain

function.
(Integer > 0)
TIDU
Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the unloading stressstrain function.
(Integer > 0)
EPSR
Strain rate.
FSCAL
Scale factor for stress.

Comments
1.
2.
3.
The material law is defined by pairs of stress functions for loading and unloading at a
constant strain rate. For each strain rate, the yield stress is defined by the intersection
between loading and unloading curves. Unloading follows unloading curve shifted by
plastic strain value. Strain rates are interpolated using input values. In the elastic range,
stress smaller than the yield value, the material behavior is elastic with hysteresis. It is
Altair Engineering

limited by loading and unloading curves.
Loading and unloading function sets for constant strain rates.
The Young's modulus must be greater than the maximum function slopes, and is used to
follow loading and unloading paths between limiting curves.
For a constant strain rate, user defined functions set the limits for the cycling loading.

Altair Engineering
4.
Altair Engineering

MATX68
Bulk Data Entry
MATX68 Material Property Extension for Honeycomb Material for Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Honeycomb material for geometric nonlinear analysis.
This law is only applicable to solid elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MATX68
MID
TIID11
TIID22
TIID33
IFLAG1
FSC AI11
FSC AI22
FSC AI33
EPSFI11
EPSFI22
EPSFI33
TIID12
TIID23
TIID31
IFLAG2
FSC AI12
FSC AI23
FSC AI31
EPSFI12
EPSFI23
EPSFI31
TIID21
TIID32
TIID13
FSC AI21
FSC AI32
FSC AI13
TRID11
TRID22
TRID33
FSC AR11
FSC AR22
FSC AR33
EPST11
EPST22
EPST33
TRID12
TRID23
TRID31
FSC AR12
FSC AR23
FSC AR31
EPST12
EPST23
EPST31
TRID21
TRID32
TRID13
FSC AR21
FSC AR32
FSC AR13
(9)
(10)
Example

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MAT9ORT
102
0.2
0.02
0.02
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.286E-7
0.1
0.01
0.1
11
22
33
NEGSTR
1.0
1.0
1.0
12
23
31
NEGSTR
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21
32
13
1.0
1.0
1.0
11
22
33
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.0
0.0
12
23
31
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
21
32
13
1.0
1.0
1.0
MATX68
(10)
102
Field
Contents
MID
Material ID of the associated MAT9ORT. See comment 1.

TIID11
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines initial yield stress function in

direction 11.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
TIID22

direction 22.
TIID33

direction 33.
IFLAG1
Strain formulation for yield functions 11, 22, and 33. See comment 4.
Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, NEGSTR)
FSCAI11

FSCAI22

FSCAI33

EPSFI11

(Real)
EPSFI22

(Real)
EPSFI33

(Real)
TIID12
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines initial shear yield stress

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
TIID23
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines Initial shear yield stress

TIID31

IFLAG2
Strain formulation for yield functions 12, 23, and 31.

Default = VOLSTR (VOLSTR, STR, NEGSTR)
FSCAI12

FSCAI23

FSCAI31

EPSFI12

(Real)
EPSFI23

(Real)
EPSFI31
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
(Real)
TIID21

TIID32

TIID13

FSCAI21

FSCAI32

FSCAI13

TRID11
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines residual yield stress function

in direction 11.
TRID22

in direction 22.
TRID33

in direction 33.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
FSCAR11
Scale factor on residual yield stress function in direction 11.

FSCAR22

FSCAR33

EPST11
Transition strain in direction 11.

(Real)
EPST22

(Real)
EPST33

(Real)
TRID12
Identification number of a TABLES1 that defines residual shear yield stress

TRID23

TRID31

FSCAR12
Scale factor on residual shear yield stress function in direction 12.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
FSCAR23

FSCAR31

EPST12

(Real)
EPST23

(Real)
EPST31

(Real)
TRID21

TRID32

TRID13

FSCAR21

FSCAR32


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
FSCAR13

Comments
1.
The material identification number must be that of an existing MAT9ORT bulk data entry.
Only one MATX68 material extension can be associated with a particular MAT9ORT.
2.
3.
This law is compatible with 8 node brick elements with ISOLID =1 or ISOLID =2 on
PSOLIDX only.
4.
When switching from a volumetric strain formulation to a strain formulation, IFLAGi =

NEGSTR allows the same function definition to be retained.
5.
If one of the failure or shear failure strains is reached, the element is deleted.
6.
Transition strains define transition from initial yield stress function to residual yield stress
function.
7.
If one of the transition or shear transition strains is reached, the element has yield stress
described by residual functions in each direction, Transition is applied to the neighbor
elements.
8.
This card is represented as extension to a MAT9ORT material in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

MATX70
Bulk Data Entry
MATX70 Material Property Extension for Tabulated Visco-elastic Foam Material for
Description
Defines additional material properties for tabulated visco-elastic foam material for geometric
nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MATX70
MID
EMAX
EPSMAX
FSMOOTH
FC UT
NLOAD
NULOAD
IFLAG
SHAPE
HYS
If NLOAD > 1, NLOAD times

TIDL
EPSRL
FSC ALL
If NULOAD > 0, NULOAD times

TIDU
EPSRU
FSC ALU
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
170
0.1
MATX70
170
1.0
(4)
0.8
(5)
(6)
0.1
9.9E-07
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
MID

EMAX
Maximum young modulus .

(Real > 0)
EPSMAX
Maximum plastic (failure) strain.

(Real > 0)
FSMOOTH
Strain rate smoothing flag.

FCUT

Default = 1.E30 (Real > 0)
NLOAD
Number of loading stress-strain function.

NULOAD
Number of unloading stress-strain function. If FLAG in this card is 1, 2, 3, or

4, NULOAD must be zero.
Default = 1, if FLAG = 0
Default = 0, if FLAG = 1, 2, 3, or 4
(Integer > 0)
IFLAG
Flag to control the loading/unloading behavior (See comment 5).

0 Behavior follows the loading and unloading curves respectively.
1 Behavior follows the loading/unloading curves. For unloading, the
deviatoric stress is modified.
2 Behavior follows the loading/unloading curves. For unloading, the stress
tensor is modified.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
3 The loading curve is used for both loading and unloading. For unloading,
the deviatoric stress is modified. The unloading curves are ignored.
4 - The loading curve is used for both loading and unloading. For unloading,
the stress tensor is modified. The unloading curves are ignored.
SHAPE
Shape factor.
HYS
Hysteresis unloading factor.

TIDL
Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the loading function.

(Integer > 0)
EPSRL
Strain rate for loading function.

FSCALL
Scale factor for loading function.

TIDU
Identification number of TABLES1 entry that defines the unloading function.

EPSRU
Strain rate for unloading function.

FSCALU
Scale factor for unloading function.

Comments
1.
2.

Altair Engineering
3.
This material law can be used only with solid elements. The corresponding PSOLIDX
property must define ISOLID = 1 (Belytschko element), ISMSTR = 1 (small strain), and
IFRAME = OFF (not co-rotational).
4.
The loading and unloading functions use engineering stress-strain curve.
Loading and unloading stress-strain curves
5.
The loading and unloading behavior is determined by IFLAG.

IFLAG = 0 - The material behavior follows the defined curves for loading and unloading.
NLOAD and NULOAD must be greater than 0.
IFLAG = 1 - Both loading curves are used respectively. For unloading, the deviatoric
stress is modified by using the quasi-static unloading curve
= (1 - D)( + p*I) p*I
where, D is calculated from the quasi-static unloading curve,
are the current stresses computed respectively from the unloading and quasi-static
curves.
The pressure is:
p = -(xx + yy + zz) / 3
IFLAG = 2 - Both loading and unloading curves are used respectively. For unloading,
the stress tensor is modified using the quasi-static unloading curve = (1 - D), where
D is calculated from the quasi-static unloading curve,
are the current stresses computed respectively from the unloading and quasi-static
curves.
Altair Engineering

IFLAG = 3 - The loading curves are used for both loading and unloading behavior. The
unloading curve is ignored. The deviatoric unloading stress is modified using
= (1 - D)( + p*I) p*I
where, Wcur and Wmax are the current and maximum energy, respectively.
IFLAG = 4 - The loading curves are used for both loading and unloading behavior. The
unloading curve is ignored. The unloading stress tensor is modified using = (1 - D).
where, Wcur and Wmax are the current and maximum energy, respectively.
For IFLAG = 3, 4 the unloading curves are not used.
6.
For stresses above the last load function, the behavior is extrapolated by using the two
last load functions. In order to avoid huge stress values, it is recommended to repeat the
last load function.
7.
When maximum plastic strain EPSMAX is reached, EMAX is used whatever the curve
definition is.
8.
If EMAX is blank, EMAX is set and equal to Young modulus on MAT1 card.
9.
If EPSMAX is blank, it will be calculated automatically if EMAX is less than the maximum
tangent according to the input stress-strain curves.
10. Young's modulus E on MAT1 card would be modified automatically if it is less than the
initial value according to the input stress-strain curves' tangents.

Altair Engineering
MATX82
Bulk Data Entry
MATX82 Material Property Extension for Ogden Material for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional material properties for Ogden material for geometric nonlinear analysis. This
material is used to model rubber, polymers, and elastomers.
Format
(1)
(2)
MATX82
MID
LAW
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MU1
ALFA1
D1
MU2
ALFA2
D2
MU3
ALFA3
D3
MU4
ALFA4
D4
(9)
(10)
...
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MAT1
102
10.0
MATX82
102
LAW
0.10
(4)
2.0
(5)
(6)
0.495
6.0E-10
-0.010
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
-2.0
Field
Contents
MID

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
LAW
Indicates that material parameters MUi, ALFAi, and Di follow.
MUi
Parameter i
(Real)
ALFAi
Parameter i
(Real)
Di
Parameter Di
(Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
NU is defined on the corresponding MAT1. For material without Poisson effect, a small NU
(for example, =1.E-10) should be defined.
4.
The strain energy density W is computed using the following equation
with i being the ith principal stretch, J = 1 * 2 * 3 being the relative volume and
.
5.
The Bulk Modulus K is:

If NU = 0, then

Altair Engineering
is modified to respect
If NU = 0 and D1 = 0, then u = 0.475.

6.
The ground shear modulus is
7.
Altair Engineering

MBACT
Bulk Data Entry
MBACT Activate an Entity/set in the Multi-body System
Description
Defines the entity/set that needs to be activated in the multi-body system for the
subsequent simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBAC T
ID
ETYPE
ID1
ID2
ID3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBAC T
ID
ETYPE
IDST
THRU
IDEND
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
or
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MBAC T
ID
MOTION
92
(5)
Field
Contents
ID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
ETYPE
Entity type that needs to be activated.

(Option "CMBEAM", "CMBUSH", "CMSPDP", "JOINT", "MLOAD", or "MOTION")

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ID1, ID2,
Entity/Set IDs that need to be activated.

(Integer > 0)
IDST
Entity/Set ID range start.

(Integer > 0)
THRU
Keyword to indicate entity/set ID range is specified.
IDEND
Entity/Set ID range end.

(Integer > IDST)
Comments
1.
Altair Engineering

MBCNTDS
Bulk Data Entry
MBCNTDS Multi-body Contact with Deformable Surface
Description
Defines a Multi-body Contact between a set of nodes and a deformable surface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBC NTDS
C ID
SID
SRFID
C NFTYPE
STIFF
DAMP
RADIUS
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBC NTD
S
21
LINEAR
1E6
10
.1
Field
Contents
CID
Contact identification number.

SID1
Set identification number of a set of nodes.

SRFID
Multi-body deformable surface (MBDSRF) identification number.

CNFTYPE
Contact Normal Force Type. Select from LINEAR and POISSON.

No default (CHARACTER: LINEAR, POISSON)
STIFF
For CNFTYPE=LINEAR, this parameter specifies the interface stiffness

coefficient.
For CNFTYPE=POISSON, this parameter specifies the penalty parameter

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Field
Contents
which is related to the stiffness RJTODO.
DAMP
For CNFTYPE=LINEAR, this parameter specifies the interface damping.

For CNFTYPE=POISSON, this parameter specifies the coefficient of restitution
value for the contact.
Default = 1.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
RADIUS
Radius of the sphere geometry centered at the origin of the I marker.

Comments
1.
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MBCNTR
Bulk Data Entry
MBCNTR Multi-body Contact of Type Rigid to Rigid
Description
Defines a Multi-body Contact between rigid bodies.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MBC NTR
C ID
SID1
SID2
C NFTYPE
PENAL
C OR
MUSTAT
MUDYN
C FFTYPE
STVEL
FTVEL
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBC NTR
POISSON
1E6
.5
.7
.3
C OUL
.1
.8
Field
Contents
CID
Contact identification number.
(10)

SID1

SID2
CNFTYPE
Contact normal force type.

Default = POISSON
PENAL
Penalty factor.

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Field
Contents
COR
Coefficient of restitution.
Default = 1.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
MUSTAT
Coefficient of static friction.

MUDYN
Coefficient of dynamic friction.

CFFTYPE
Contact friction force type

Default = (COUL, NONE, DYNA)
STVEL
Stiction transition velocity. Defines the slip velocity at which the static
coefficient of friction MUSTAT is applied.
FTVEL
Friction transition velocity. Defines the slip velocity at which the

dynamic coefficient of friction MUDYN is applied.
Comments
1.
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MBCRV
Bulk Data Entry
MBCRV XY Curve Definition
Description
Specifies the data used to define a curve.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBC RV
C VID
LINEAR
X1
Y1
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
X2
Y2
Xn
Yn
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBC RV
399
1.0
1.1
2.0
0.0
3.0
14.2
4.0
19.9
5.0
12.1
Field
Contents
CVID
Curve identification number.
(10)

LINEAR
If the LINEAR keyword is specified, linear extrapolation is used to

determine the curve data when the independent coordinate goes out of
the range specified on the Xi fields.
If this field is blank, no extrapolation is applied and an ERROR is output
when the independent coordinate goes out of range.

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Field
Contents
Default = blank
X1, X2, X3, ,

Xn
Independent curve data.

No default (Real, X1 < X2 < X3 < )
Y1, Y2, Y3, ,

Yn
Dependent curve data.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
This card is represented as a curve in HyperMesh.
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MBCVCV
Bulk Data Entry
MBCVCV Multi-body Curve to Curve Constraint
Description
Defines a Curve to Curve Constraint.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MBC VC V
JID
blank
PC ID1
G3
V1
blank
blank
PC ID2
G4
V2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBC VC V
Field
Contents
JID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

PCID1
Parametric curve (MBPCRV) identification number.

PCID2

G3
This grid specifies the guess for the initial contact point on the first
curve.

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Field
Contents
Although this parameter is optional, specifying it helps the solver in
determining the initial contact point.
V1
Specifies the sliding velocity of the contact point relative to the part on
which the curve is etched. V1 is positive when contact point is moving
toward the start of the curve and vice-versa.
G4
This grid specifies the guess for the initial contact point on the second
curve.
Although this parameter is optional, specifying it helps the solver in
determining the initial contact point.
V2
Specifies the sliding velocity of the contact point relative to the part on
which the curve is etched. V2 is positive when contact point is moving
toward the start of the curve and vice-versa.
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MBDCRV
Bulk Data Entry
MBDCRV Multi-body Deformable Curve
Description
Defines an ordered list of grids as a Multi-body Deformable Curve.
Format
(1)
(2)
MBDC RV
(3)
DC ID
G1
(4)
ENDTYPE
LAMBDAL
L
G2
(5)
(6)
(7)
ENDTYPE
R
LAMBDA
R
NSEG
G3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
MBDC RV
(2)
(3)
NATURA
L
201
202
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
C ANTILEVE
R
0.5
100
204
205
203
Field
Contents
DCID
Curve identification number.
(9)
(10)

ENDTYPEL
Select from NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER. See comment

1.
Default = NATURAL
LAMBDAL
This parameter is only applicable for CANTILEVER type end condition. It should
be left blank for other end conditions.
A real valued parameter in the interval [0,1] that controls the left end
condition for CUBIC spline interpolation. A value of 0 implies NATURAL end
condition while a value of 1 implies PARABOLIC end condition.

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Field
Contents
Default = 0.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
ENDTYPER
Select from: NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER. See comment

1.
Default = NATURAL
LAMBDAR
This parameter is only applicable for CANTILEVER type end condition. It should
be left blank for other end conditions.
A real valued parameter in the interval [0,1] that controls the left end
condition for CUBIC spline interpolation. A value of 0 implies NATURAL end
condition while a value of 1 implies PARABOLIC end condition.
Default = 0.0 (0.0 < Real < 1.0)
NSEG
Number of segments used to visualize the deformable curve in animation.

G1, G2, G3,
Ordered list of grid IDs defining the curve.
Comments
1.
The deformable curve is generated using the CUBIC spline interpolation which requires
assumptions on the second derivative of the interpolating function at either end of the
curve. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER represent the
four standard assumptions defined as follows:
Note that =0.0 implies NATURAL (or free) end conditions and =1.0 implies PARABOLIC
end conditions.
2.
This card is represented as a set in HyperMesh.
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MBDEACT
Bulk Data Entry
MBDEACT Deactivate an Entity/set in the Multi-body System
Description
Defines the entity/set that needs to be deactivated in the multi-body system for the
subsequent simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBDEAC T
ID
ETYPE
ID1
ID2
ID3
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBDEAC T
ID
ETYPE
IDST
THRU
IDEND
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
or
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MBDEAC T
ID
MOTION
92
94
199
Field
Contents
ID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
ETYPE
Entity type that needs to be deactivated.

(Option "CMBEAM", "CMBUSH", "CMSPDP2", "JOINT", "MLOAD", or
"MOTION")

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Field
Contents
ID1, ID2,
Entity/Set ID that needs to be deactivated.

(Integer > 0)
IDST
Entity/Set ID range start.

(Integer > 0)
THRU
Keyword to indicate entity/set ID range is specified.
IDEND
Entity/Set ID range end.

(Integer > IDST)
Comments
1.
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MBDSRF
Bulk Data Entry
MBDSRF Multi-body Deformable Surface
Description
Defines a multi-body deformable surface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBDSRF
SRFID
NROW
NC OL
ENDTYPE
NSEGU
NSEGV
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBDSRF
NATURAL
100
100
201
202
203
204
205
209
210
211
212
213
217
218
Field
Contents
SRFID
Surface identification number.
(8)
(9)
206
207
206
214
215
216
(10)

NROW
Number of rows of nodes.
NCOL
Number of columns of nodes.
ENDTYPE
Select from: NATURAL, PARABOLIC and PERIODIC. See comment 1.

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Field
Contents
Default = NATURAL
NSEGU, NSEGV Number of segments along the U and V coordinates used to discretize the
deformable surface for animation purposes.
G1, G2,
Row-wise list of nodes. The first NROW IDs form the first row; the second
NROW IDs form the second row, and so on. The list must contain a total of
NROW*NCOL grid IDs.
Comments
1.
The deformable surface is generated using the CUBIC spline interpolation which requires
assumptions on the second derivative of the interpolating function at the end of the
surface. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC and PERIODIC represent assumptions defined
as follows:
2.
The MBDSRF element is not supported by the Force Imbalance method of static
equilibrium.
3.
The MBDSRF element does not possess any inherent inertia, stiffness or damping.
4.
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MBFRC
Bulk Data Entry
MBFRC Force for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant force at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBFRC
SID
G1
C ID
G3/N1
N2
N3
G2
(10)
G4
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBFRC
345
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
100.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
(9)
(10)
201
Field
Contents
SID

G1
Grid point identification number where the action force is applied.

CID
Coordinate system identification number. Blank or 0 infer the basic

coordinate system.

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Field
Contents
Force magnitude.
No default (Real)
G3
Grid point identification number to optionally supply N1, N2, N3 in

(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3
Defines the direction of the force vector. At least one of the vector
components must be non-zero.
G2
Grid point identification number where the reaction force is applied. If

blank, then the force is an action-only force.
G4
Grid point identification number whose parent body hosts the coordinate
system with respect to which the force is defined. The force vector
changes direction with the orientation of the body. See comment 1.
Comments
1.
If G4 is not specified, the force is defined with respect to the ground body (that is the
basic coordinate systems).
2.
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MBFRCC
Bulk Data Entry
MBFRCC Curve Force for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve force at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBFRC C
SID
G1
C ID
C VID
G3/N1
N2
N3
G2
INT
EID
G4
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBFRC C
345
AKIMA
41
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.0
1.0
0.0
(9)
(10)
201
Field
Contents
SID

G1

CID

coordinate system.

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Field
Contents
CVID
Set identification number of the MBCRV entry that gives the load vs.
independent variable measured in the coordinate system defined by
CID.
(Integer > 0)
G3

(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3
G2

blank or zero, then the force is an action-only force.
INT
Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA).

Default = AKIMA
EID
Set identification number of the MBVAR for the independent variable

expression.
Default = TIME (Integer > 0 or blank)
G4
Comments
1.
If G4 is undefined, the force is defined with respect to the ground body (that is the basic
coordinate systems).
2.
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MBFRCE
Bulk Data Entry
MBFRCE Expression Force for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression force at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBFRC E
SID
G1
C ID
EID
G3/N1
N2
N3
G2
(10)
G4
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBFRC E
345
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
49
0.0
1.0
0.0
(9)
(10)
201
Field
Contents
SID

G1

CID

coordinate system.

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Field
Contents
EID
Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the load
measured in the coordinate system defined by CID.
G3

(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3
G2

G4
Comments
1.
If G4 is undefined, the force is defined with respect to the ground body (that is the basic
coordinate systems).
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MBLIN
Bulk Data Entry
MBLIN Parameters for Multi-body System Linear Analysis
Description
Defines the parameters for a multi-body system linear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBLIN
ID
TYPE
ASC ALE
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MBLIN
99
EIGEN
1.0
(5)
Field
Contents
ID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
TYPE
Type of linear analysis.

(Option "EIGEN", "STMAT")
ASCALE
Animation scale.
Comments
1.

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MBMNT
Bulk Data Entry
MBMNT Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant moment at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBMNT
SID
G1
C ID
G3/N1
N2
N3
G2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBMNT
345
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
100.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

G1

CID

coordinate system.
Moment magnitude.
No default (Real)
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Field
Contents
G3

(Integer > 0)
N1,N2,N3
G2

Comments
1.
This card is represented as a moment load in HyperMesh.

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MBMNTC
Bulk Data Entry
MBMNTC Curve moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve moment at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBMNTC
SID
G1
C ID
C VID
G3/N1
N2
N3
G2
INT
EID
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBMNTC
345
AKIMA
42
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.0
1.0
0.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

G1

CID

coordinate system.
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Field
Contents
CVID
CID.
(Integer > 0)
G3

(Integer > 0)
N1,N2,N3
G2

INT
Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA)

Default = AKIMA
EID

expression.
Comments
1.

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MBMNTE
Bulk Data Entry
MBMNTE Expression Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression moment at a grid point by specifying a vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBMNTE
SID
G1
C ID
EID
G3/N1
N2
N3
G2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBMNT
345
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.0
1.0
0.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

G1

CID

coordinate system.
EID
Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the load
measured in the coordinate system defined by CID.
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Field
Contents
G3

(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3
G2


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MBPCRV
Bulk Data Entry
MBPCRV Multi-body Parametric Curve
Description
Defines a Multi-body Parametric Curve using node sets.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MBPC RV
PC ID
UC LOSE
D
C RVPTS
G1
G2
G3
(5)
(6)
G4
G5
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MBPC RV
201
202
203
204
205
Field
Contents
PCID
Parametric curve identification number.
(7)
(8)

UCLOSED
Specify 1 for closed and 0 for open curves.
CRVPTS
Curve points. Specify 1 if the curve must pass through the nodes, and 0 if
the B-spline curve does not pass through the nodes, but stays close.
Default = 0 (BOOLEAN: 0,1)
G1,G2,
Ordered list of grids defining the curve.
Comments
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1.

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MBPTCV
Bulk Data Entry
MBPTCV Multi-body Point to Curve Constraint
Description
Defines a Point to Parametric Curve Constraint.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MBPTC V
JID
GID
PC ID
G3
V0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MBPTC V
21
25
Field
Contents
JID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

GID
Grid identification number corresponding to the point which is sliding on

a curve.
PCID

G3
This grid specifies the guess for the initial contact point on the curve.
Default is GID (Integer > 0)
V0
Specifies the initial sliding velocity of the contact point, as measured by

an observer on the curve, placed at the contact point.
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MBPTDCV
Bulk Data Entry
MBPTDCV Multi-body Point to Deformable Curve Constraint
Description
Defines a Point to Deformable Curve Constraint.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBPTDC V
JID
GID
DC ID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MBPTDC V
21
(5)
Field
Contents
JID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

GID

the deformable curve.
DCID
Deformable curve (MBDCRV) identification number.

Comments
1.
curve. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER represent the
four standard assumptions defined as follows:

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end conditions.
2.
The MBPTDCV element is not supported by the Force Imbalance method of static
equilibrium.
3.
In most cases, the interpolation produces a smooth curve but in some cases, it produces
a curve that wiggles too much. In those cases, the TENSION parameter may be specified
to smooth out the wiggles in the curve. A TENSION value of unity is a good first guess.
After that, higher values of TENSION may be tried if necessary.
4.
The deformable element itself does not possess any inherent inertia, stiffness or damping
properties. You must include other modeling elements to capture those effects.
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MBPTDSF
Bulk Data Entry
MBPTDSF Multi-body Dynamics Point to Deformable Surface Constraint
Description
Defines a Point to Deformable Surface Constraint.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBPTDSF
JID
GID
SRFID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MBPTDSF
21
(5)
Field
Contents
JID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

GID

a curve.
SRFID
Deformable surface identification number

Comments
1.
curve. The keywords NATURAL, PARABOLIC, PERIODIC and CANTILEVER represent the four
standard assumptions defined as follows:

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end conditions.
2.
The MBPTDCV element is not supported by the Force Imbalance method of static
equilibrium.
3.
In most cases, the interpolation produces a smooth curve but in some cases, it produces
a curve that wiggles too much. In those cases, the UTENSION and VTENSION parameters
may be specified to smooth out the wiggles in the curve. A value of unity is a good first
guess. After that, higher values may be tried if necessary.
4.
The deformable surface itself does not possess any inherent inertia, stiffness or damping
properties. You must include other modeling elements to capture those effects. For
example, you may use a deformable surface in conjunction with a flexible body to simulate
contact with a rigid body.
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MBREQ
Bulk Data Entry
MBREQ Multi-body Request Combination
Description
Defines a multi-body as a combination of request sets defined via MBREQE and MBREQM.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBREQ
SID
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R7
R8
R9
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBREQ
31
34
35
(6)
Field
Contents
SID
Request set identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Ri
Request set identification numbers defined via entry typed

enumerated above.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
The Ri must be unique.
2.
Request sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (REQUEST = SID) if
they are to be applied.

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MBREQE
Bulk Data Entry
MBREQE Multi-body Expression Output Request
Description
Defines a multi-body solver output request to output the results of a set of expressions.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MBREQE
RSID
RID
E1
E2
E3
E4
E5
E6
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MBREQE
235
10
20
30
40
Field
Contents
RSID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
RID
Request identification number.

(Integer > 0)
E1
ID of MBVAR.
(Integer > 0)
E2 E6
Additional MBVAR IDs.

Default = blank (blank or Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The request evaluates the expression at every output step.
2.
The values are always set to 0 if the expression is not specified.
3.
Request set will be specified in the subcase definition.
4.
Request ID must be unique with respect to all other MBREQM and MBREQE cards.

Altair Engineering
MBREQM
Bulk Data Entry
MBREQM Multi-body Output Request based on Markers
Description
Defines a multi-body solver output request to output displacement, velocity, acceleration, or
force with respect to markers.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBREQM
RSID
RID
TYPE
IMARK
JMARK
RMARK
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBREQM
20
234
DISP
20
30
10
Field
Contents
RSID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
RID
Request identification number.

(Integer > 0)
TYPE
Output type
DIS - Displacement request
VEL - Velocity request
ACC - Acceleration request
FRC - Force request
No default
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
IMARK
Marker ID.
(Integer > 0) See comment 1
JMARK
Marker ID.
Default = blank; (blank or Integer > 0) See comments 1 and 2
RMARK
Reference marker ID.

Default = blank; (blank or Integer > 0) See comment 3
Comments
1.
The output request is usually of IMARK with respect to JMARK resolved in RMARK.
2.
If the JMARK is not specified, the results are with respect to global frame.
3.
If the RMARK is not specified, the results are resolved in the global frame.
4.
Request set will be specified in the subcase definition.
5.
Request ID must be unique with respect to all other MBREQM and MBREQE cards.

Altair Engineering
MBSEQ
Bulk Data Entry
MBSEQ Multi-body System Simulation Sequence
Description
Defines the simulation sequence for the multi-body solver.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBSEQ
ID
SID1
SID2
SID3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBSEQ
99
12
43
Field
Contents
ID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
SID1, SID2,
IDs of the simulation sequence.

(Integer > 0) (Valid IDs are: MBSIM, MBLIN, MBSIMP, MBACT, or
MBDEACT)
Comments
1.
Every time an MBSIM card is encountered, a simulation is performed on the multi-body

model. The initial condition for the next MBSIM will be the ending condition of the current
simulation.
2.
Altair Engineering

MBSFRC
Bulk Data Entry
MBSFRC Scalar Load for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant scalar load on two grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBSFRC
SID
G1
G2
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBSFRC
345
346
1.0
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

G1

G2

Value of load
(Real)

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
MBSFRC applies a translational action-reaction force along the line of action defined by
the line segment connecting G1 and G2.
2.
The action force is applied to G1 and the reaction force is applied to G2.
3.
Tensile force is positive.
Altair Engineering

MBSFRCC
Bulk Data Entry
MBSFRCC Curve Scalar Load for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve scalar load on two grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBSFRC C
SID
G1
G2
C VID
INT
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBSFRC C
345
346
AKIMA
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)

G1

G2

CVID
CID.
(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
INT

Default = AKIMA
EID

expression.
Comments
1.
MBSFRCC applies a translational action-reaction force along the line of action defined by
2.
3.
Altair Engineering

MBSFRCE
Bulk Data Entry
MBSFRCE Expression Scalar Load for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression scalar load on two grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBSFRC E
SID
G1
G2
EID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBSFRC E
345
346
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

G1

G2

No default (Integer > 0
EID
Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry.


Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
MBSFRCE applies a translational action-reaction force along the line of action defined by
2.
3.
Altair Engineering

MBSIM
Bulk Data Entry
MBSIM Parameters for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines the parameters for a multi-body simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBSIM
ID
TYPE
TTYPE
TIME
STYPE
DELTA/
NSTEP/
PRINC R
ITYPE
DTOL
H0
HMAX
HMIN
VTOLFAC
DAEIDX
DC NTOL
DC RMXI
T
DC RMNI
T
DVC TRL
KETOL/
RESTOL
DQTOL/
FITOL
NITER
TLIMIT
ALIMIT
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAXODR
DJAC EVL DEVLEXP
or
STTYPE
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBSIM
99
TRAN
END
5.0
NSTEPS
250
VSTIFF
0.001
0.001
0.01
1000.0
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MBSIM
99
TRAN
END
5.0
NSTEPS
250
DSTIFF
0.001
0.001
1000.0
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
TRUE
Example 3
(1)
(2)
(3)
MBSIM
91
STAT
1.0e-6
0.0001
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
100
Field
Contents
ID

(Integer > 0)
TYPE
Simulation type.
Options = ("TRANS", "STATIC")
No default
TTYPE
Termination type.
Options = ("END", "DUR") See comment 2.
No default
TIME
Termination time or duration based on TTYPE.

(Real > 0.0) See comment 2.
STYPE
Output step type.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Options = ("DELTA", "NSTEPS", "PRINCR") See comments 2 and 3.
No default
DELTA
Output time step.

(Real > 0.0) See comments 2 and 3.
NSTEPS
Maximum number of time steps.

(Integer > 0) See comments 2 and 3.
ITYPE
Integrator type.
Options = ("ABAM", "VSTIFF", "MSTIFF", "DSTIFF") See comment 4.
Default = DSTIFF
DTOL
Integrator tolerance.
Default = 0.001 (Real > 0.0) See comment 4.
H0
Initial time step for the integrator.

Default = 1e-8 (Real > 0.0) See comment 4.
HMAX
Max step size the integrator is allowed to take.

HMIN
Min step size the integrator is allowed to take.

Default = 1.0e-6 (Real > 0.0) See comment 4.
VTOLFAC
A factor that multiplies DTOL to yield the error tolerance for velocity
states.
Default = 1000 (Real > 0.0) See comment 4.
MAXODR
The maximum order that the integrator is to take.

Default depends on ITYPE (Integer > 0) See comment 4.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
DAEIDX
The index of the DAE formulation.

Default = 3 (Integer > 0) See comment 4.
DCNTOL
A tolerance on all algebraic constraint equations that the corrector

must satisfy at convergence.
DCRMXIT
The maximum number of iterations that the corrector is allowed to

take to achieve convergence.
DCRMNIT
The minimum number of iterations that the corrector is allowed to take

before it checks for corrector divergence.
DVCTRL
A logical flag that controls whether the velocity states are checked
for local integration error at each step.
(True or False, Default = True if DAEIDX is 3, otherwise False) See
comment 4.
DJCEVL
An attribute to control the frequency of evaluation of the Jacobian

matrix during corrector iterations.
Default is determined by MotionSolve (Integer > 0) See comment 4.
DEVLXP
The number of integration steps after which the evaluation pattern

defined by DJCEVL is ignored, and the default evaluation pattern is to
be used.
KETOL
Maximum residual kinetic energy tolerance.

RESTOL
Maximum residual tolerance for force imbalance method.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
DQTOL
Maximum coordinate difference tolerance.

FITOL
Maximum force imbalance tolerance.

NITER
Max number of iterations for static solution to converge.

TLIMIT
Max translational limit for force imbalance static solution.

Default = 10000 (Real > 1) See comment 6.
ALIMIT
Max angular limit for force imbalance static solution.

Default = 30 (Real > 1) See comment 6.
STTYPE
Static solver type

Options = ("FIM", "MKM") See comments 7 and 8.
Default = MKM
Comments
1.
The continuation card is used to distinguish between either a TRANS or STAT simulation
type. The reader will look for appropriate options based on the type of simulation
specified.
2.
When the simulation type is static (STAT), the solver will perform a static simulation if the
termination type, termination time/duration, step type, delta/nsteps are not provided. A
quasi-static simulation will be performed if that information is provided.
3.
If the output step type is DELTA, then the next argument is expected to be a positive
real value, and it is the output step time during the simulation run. If the step type is
NSTEPS, then the next argument is expected to be a positive integer value which will be
the number of output steps during the simulation. If the step type is PRINCR, then the
next argument is expected to be a positive integer value which will be print increment.
Solver will output at every intermediate print increment value. If the PRINCR is set to 1,
then the solver will output intermediate results at every integrator step.
4.
ITYPE, DTOL, H0, HMAX, HMIN, VTOLFAC, MAXODR, DAEIDX, DCNTOL, DCRMXIT,
DCRMNIT, DVCTRL, DJACEVL, and DEVLEXP are only applicable for TRANS simulation types.
The 2nd continuation card (DAEIDX, DCNTOL, DCRMXIT, DCRMNIT, DVCTRL, DJACEVL,

Altair Engineering
and DEVLEXP) are available when ITYPE = DSTIFF. See the comments in the
Param_Transient in the online help for more details.
5.
KETOL, DQTOL, NITER are only applicable for STATIC simulation type.
6.
RESTOL, FITOL, NITER, TLIMIT, ALIMIT are applicable for the force imbalance static
method used for quasi-static solutions.
7.
Static solver type is used to select from the two static solution types currently offered.
FIM represents the Force Imbalance Method and MKM represents the Maximum Kinetic
Energy Attrition Method.
8.
Note that when quasi-static simulation is requested (STAT with termination time), then
the STTYPE option is ignored and the quasi-static simulation will be performed using the
force imbalance method.
9.
Altair Engineering

MBSIMP
Bulk Data Entry
MBSIMP Simulation Parameters for Subsequent Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines the simulation parameters for subsequent multi-body simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MBSIMP
ID
C TOL
IDTOL
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MBSIMP
99
0.001
1.0E-8
(5)
Field
Contents
ID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
CTOL
Constraint tolerance.
Default = 1.0E-10 (Real > 0.0)
IDTOL
Implicit differentiation tolerance.

Comments
1.

Altair Engineering
MBSMNT
Bulk Data Entry
MBSMNT Scalar Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant scalar moment on two gird points along the specified vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBSMNT
SID
G1
G2
G3/Vx
Vy
Vz
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBSMNT
345
346
1.0
1.0
1.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

G1

G2

Value of moment.
(Real)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
G3
Grid point identification number to optionally supply Vx, Vy, and Vz in

(Integer > 0)
Vx
X component of vector V.
Vy
Y component of vector V.
Vz
Z component of vector V.
Comments
1.
MBSMNT applies a scalar action-reaction moment on G1 and G2 along the vector defined
by Vx, Vy, and Vz.
2.
The action moment is applied to G1 and the reaction moment is applied to G2.
3.
Right hand rule defines the positive moment.

Altair Engineering
MBSMNTC
Bulk Data Entry
MBSMNTC Curve Scalar Moment for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a curve scalar moment on two grid points along the specified vector.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBSMNTC
SID
G1
G2
C VID
G3/Vx
Vy
Vz
INT
EID
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBSMNTC
345
346
1.0
1.0
AKIMA
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

G1

G2

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
CVID
independent variable measured in the coordinate system defined by CID.
(Integer > 0)
G3

(Integer > 0)
Vx
X component of vector V.
Vy
Y component of vector V.
Vz
Z component of vector V.
INT
Interpolation type (Character: LINEAR, CUBIC, AKIMA)

Default = AKIMA
EID

expression.
Comments
1.
MBSCMTC applies a scalar action-reaction moment on G1 and G2 along the vector defined
by Vx, Vy, and Vz.
2.
3.

Altair Engineering
MBSMNTE
Bulk Data Entry
MBSMNTE Expression Moment for a Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines an expression scalar moment on two grid points along the specified vector
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBSMNTE
SID
G1
G2
EID
Vx
Vy
Vz
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MBSMNTE
345
346
1.0
1.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

G1

G2

EID
Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
G3

(Integer > 0)
Vx
X component of Vector V.
Vy
Y component of Vector V.
Vz
Z component of Vector V.
Comments
1.
MBSMNTE applies a scalar action-reaction moment on G1 and G2 along the vector defined
by Vx, Vy, and Vz.
2.
3.

Altair Engineering
MBVAR
Bulk Data Entry
MBVAR Multi-body Solver Variable
Description
Defines a multi-body solver variable which can be referred to by multiple Expressions.
Format
(1)
(2)
MBVAR
VID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EXPR
Example
(1)
(2)
MBVAR
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
IMPAC T(Dz(30301020,30302040),VZ(30301020,30302040),0.0,4
00,1.0,0.5,0.000)
Field
Contents
VID
Variable identification number.

(Integer > 0)
EXPR
Character string expression. The expression can spawn multiple lines. The
continuation lines will start from the second column. Refer to Function
Expressions.
Comments
1.
The variable ID can be referenced by VARVAL(VID) in multiple expressions in the model.
Altair Engineering

METADATA
Bulk Data Entry
METADATA Indicates the beginning of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata
output file.
Description
METADATA indicates the beginning of metadata that is to be passed to the metadata output
file. Metadata between the METADATA and ENDMETADATA commands is passed to the
<filename>_metadata.xml file.
Example
METADATA
This line will be passed to the filename_metadata.xml file.
So will this information: Color=blue
ENDMETADATA
Comments
1.
There can be two sections of metadata; one in the Solution Control section and one in
the Bulk Data section.
2.
Metadata can be used to pass information from the pre-processor seamlessly through the
solver to a post-processing program.

Altair Engineering
MFLUID
Bulk Data Entry
MFLUID Fluid Volume
Description
Defines the parameters and damp shell elements for a fluid volume.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MFLUID
SID
C ID
ZFS
RHO
WSURF1
WSURF2
PLANE1
PLANE2
RMAX
Example
(1)
(2)
MFLUID
25
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
32.0
42.0
45
Field
Contents
SID
Unique set of identification numbers.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

CID
Coordinate system identification number in which its z-axis is assumed to

be normal to the free surface.
ZFS
Location of the free surface on the z-axis of the CID coordinate system.
RHO
Fluid density.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
WSURF1
Set identification number of a SURF or SET bulk data entry. This list
identifies shell elements that are damp on only one side of the element or
an exterior face of solid elements (see SURF,ELFACE).
WSURF2
Set identification number of a SURF or SET bulk data entry. This list
identifies shell elements that are damp on both sides of the element.
PLANE1
Type of symmetry on x-z plane of fluid coordinate system (CID).

N - no symmetry
S - symmetric
A - antisymmetric
Default = N (Character = N, S, A)
PLANE2
Type of symmetry on y-z plane of fluid coordinate system (CID).

N - no symmetry
S - symmetric
A - antisymmetric
Default = N (Character = N, S, A)
RMAX
Interaction between two elements is ignored, if the distance between

them is greater than RMAX.
Default = 1010 (Real > 0.0)
Comments
1.
An MFLUID entry must be selected by the MFLUID = SID command in the Subcase
Information section.
2.
More than one MFLUID entry may be specified to define multiple fluid volumes.
3.
Either WSURF1 or WSURF2, or both must be specified and non-zero. In other words,
WSURF1 and WSURF2 cannot be both blank or zero.
4.
An element with all its vertices located on or above the free surface will be ignored in the
fluid volumes mass calculation. An element vertex is considered to be located on the free
surface, if the vertex is located within a distance that is

Altair Engineering
from the free surface.

5.
By default for elements referenced by WSURF1, the damp side of the element is assumed
to be on the same side as the elements normal. If this condition is not true for a given
element, then the standard SURF entry format with ELFACE (not the alternative SET
format) must be used to redefine the normal into the fluid by setting NORMAL=1 on SURF
entry.
6.
ELIST is an alternative to SET and SURF, but ELIST is intended only to provide
compatibility with Nastran decks and therefore is considered deprecated. Also,
The SURF and SET entries may not be combined with ELIST entries to define damp
elements.
ELIST entries are internally converted to SET entries. If ELIST is used, then all MFLUID
entries must reference ELIST entries. This means that if an MFLUID references a
missing ELIST,25, then the program will not search for a SET,25.
7.
Planes of symmetry may be defined with PLANE1 and PLANE2.

"S means zero displacement normal to the plane.
A means zero pressure normal to the plane.
Consistent structural boundary conditions should be applied to grids located on the
planes of symmetry.
If PLANE1 is S or A, then all damp elements must not cross the X-Z plane and be
on the same side of the X-Z plane as all other damp elements.
If PLANE2 is S or A, then all damp elements must not cross the Y-Z plane and be
on the same side of the Y-Z plane as all other damp elements.
8.
Dry mode output in the .out file is available only when PARAM,VMOPT,2 is specified.
Altair Engineering

MGASK
Bulk Data Entry
MGASK Gasket Material Property Definition
Description
Defining the material properties for gasket-like materials.
Format 1 (no temperature dependency)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MGASK
MID
BEHAV
YPRS
EPL
GPL
ALPHA
EPLTYPE GPLUNIT
TABLD
TABLU1
TABLU2
TABLU3
TABLU4
TABLU5
TABLU6
TABLU7
(8)
(9)
(10)
TABLU8
Format 2 (temperature dependency defined)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MGASK
MID
BEHAV
YPRS
EPL
GPL
ALPHA
EPLTYPE GPLUNIT
TABLD
TABLU1
TABLU2
TABLU3
TABLU4
TABLU5
TABLU6
TABLU7
TABLU8
TABLU9
-etc.-
"T"
TEMP1
YPRS
EPL
GPL
ALPHA
TABLU3
TABLU4
TABLU5
TABLU6
TABLU7
"PLUS"
TABLD
TABLU1
TABLU2
TABLU8
TABLU9
-etc.-
"T"
TEMP2
(10)
-etc.-

Altair Engineering
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MGASK
1.0e-3
200.0
1.0e-5
1001
1002
1003
1004
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MGASK
1.0e-3
200.0
1.0e-5
1001
1002
20.0
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
1003
1004
2003
2004
PLUS
2001
2002
100.0
2005
PLUS
3001
3002
300.0
3003
Field
Contents
MID

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
BEHAV
Behavior type. See comment 12.

Default = 0 (Integer (0 or 1 only))
0 elasto-plastic material
1 elastic material with damage
YPRS
Initial yield pressure for the thickness direction of the gasket material.
Applies only to elasto-plastic behavior (BEHAV=0).
If blank, it is determined automatically.
For the groups of data starting with PLUS, default is the corresponding
field value defined at the first line.
EPL
Tension stabilization coefficient or direct tensile modulus (depends on the

value of the EPLTYPE field) for the thickness direction of the gasket
material. See comment 5.
GPL
Transverse shear modulus of the gasket material (the unit of measure

depends on the value of the GPLUNIT field).
ALPHA
Coefficient of thermal expansion in the normal direction.

EPLTYPE
Type of definition of EPL. See comment 12.

0 EPL is defined as a tension stabilization coefficient
1 EPL is defined as a direct tensile modulus
GPLUNIT
Type of the unit of measure of GPL. See comment 12.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
0 stress per unit displacement
1 force per unit area
TABLD
Identifier of a TABLES1 table providing loading path of the gasket material

(pressure vs. closure).
TABLUi
Identifier of TABLES1 table providing unloading/reloading path of the

gasket material (pressure vs. closure). If there is no unloading, leave the
fields blank.
Temperature flag indicating that a temperature value will be defined in the

next field.
TEMPj
Temperature for the group of data above. See comment 11.

No default (Real)
PLUS
Keyword indicating that the following is a group of data defined at another

temperature. See comment 12.
Comments
1.
The material identification number must be unique for all MAT1, MAT2, MAT3, MAT8,
MAT9 and MGASK entries.
2.
MGASK mainly defines nonlinear properties in the thickness direction for gasket-like
materials under compression. MGASK has anisotropy only in the thickness direction, which
is called normal anisotropy. For linear analysis, the thickness-direction modulus (stress
per unit displacement) is defined by the slope of the first segment of the loading
pressure-closure curve TABLD.
3.
MGASK also defines the transverse shear and thickness-direction tension behaviors with
linear properties. (The membrane properties of the gasket are defined by a MAT1,
referenced from the PGASK property.)
4.
The thickness direction of gasket material is the principal direction (local 3-direction) in
3D solids.
5.
If EPL is defined as a tension stabilization coefficient (EPLTYPE = 0), the tensile modulus
will be calculated as the initial slope of the first segment of the loading curve TABLD
multiplied by EPL. If EPL is defined as a direct tensile modulus (EPLTYPE = 1), its unit of
measure is stress per unit displacement. If EPL is zero, a small tensile modulus will be used
automatically for stabilization (no matter EPLTYPE is 0 or 1).
6.
All the data points in tables TABLD and TABLUi are specified in the first quadrant. Points
Altair Engineering

on loading (TABLD) and unloading/reloading (TABLUi) paths must be defined in order of

increasing pressure and distance.
7.
For elasto-plastic material (BEHAV = 0),

The initial yield pressure should match a point in table TABLD. If the initial yield
pressure is not specified, it will be determined automatically by finding the first point on
the TABLD curve where the slope changes by more than 10%.
The loading path starts from the origin to initial yield pressure (nonlinear elastic range)
and continues with strain hardening slope into the plastic region.
All unloading/reloading paths must start with zero pressure and positive closure
distance, and end at the loading path in the plastic region. Subsequent unloading/
reloading curves must start with larger closure distances (when pressure is zero) and
end with larger closure distances than previous unloading/reloading curves.
8.
For elastic material with damage (BEHAV = 1),

All loading and unloading/reloading curves must start at the origin of the coordinate
system (0, 0).
All unloading/reloading paths must end at the loading path. Subsequent unloading/
reloading curves must end with larger closure distances than previous unloading/
reloading curves.
9.
Unloading/reloading behavior at undefined paths will be interpolated between two

adjacent unloading/reloading paths.
10. For closures larger than the last user-specified closure, the pressure-closure relationship
is calculated as follows:
For elasto-plastic material (BEHAV = 0), it follows the last segment of the furthest
unloading/reloading curve. This behavior is fully elastic and represents crushed gasket.
For elastic material with damage (BEHAV = 1), it follows last slope computed from the
user-specified data.

Altair Engineering
Elasto-plastic gasket material
Elastic gasket material with damage
11. If temperature dependency is defined, TEMPj should be provided in ascending order and
the loading path (and unloading/reloading paths, if required) should be provided for each
Altair Engineering

temperature. If temperature dependency is defined but the temperature field for material
property is not provided, the first group of data will be used to calculate the material
property. TEMPj are defined for all MGASK data fields (data groups) that lie between the
respective TEMPj and its previous PLUS field. TEMP1 is an exception to this rule as it is
defined for all data fields that lie between itself and MID.
Example
12. BEHAV, EPLTYPE and GPLUNIT fields after any PLUS field should remain blank because
their values are always the same as those of the first-group data.

Altair Engineering
MLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
MLOAD Multi-body Load Combination
Description
Defines a multi-body as a linear combination of load sets defined via GRAV, MBFRC, MBFRCC,
MBFRCE, MBMNT, MBMNTC, MBMNTE, MBSFRC, MBSFRCC, MBSFRCE, MBSMNT, MBSMNTC, and
MBSMNTE.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MLOAD
SID
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
L9
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MLOAD
31
34
35
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Li
Load set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated above.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
The Li must be unique.
2.
Load sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (MLOAD = SID) if they are
to be applied.
Altair Engineering

3.
An MLOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another MLOAD
entry.
4.

Altair Engineering
MOMENT
Bulk Data Entry
MOMENT Static Moment
Description
Defines a static moment at a grid point by specifying a vector. It can also be used to define
the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2
bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOMENT
SID
C ID
N1
N2
N3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOMENT
2.9
0.0
1.0
0.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

CID

Scale factor.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
(Real)
N1,N2,N3
Components of vector measured in coordinate system defined by CID.

(Real; at least one non-zero component)
Comments
1.
The static moment applied to grid point G is given by
where,
is the vector defined in fields 6, 7, and 8.
2.
3.
references on MOMENT entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
4.

Altair Engineering
MOMENT1
Bulk Data Entry
MOMENT1 Static Moment, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines a static moment by specification of a value and two grid points, which determine the
direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in
RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MOMENT1
SID
G1
G2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MOMENT1
13
-2.93
16
13
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

(Integer > 0)
Value of moment.
(Real)
G1,G2
Altair Engineering

Comments
1. The static moment applied to grid point G is
where,
is a unit vector parallel to a vector from G1 to G2.
2. This card is represented as a moment load in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
MOMENT2
Bulk Data Entry
MOMENT2 Static Moment, Alternate Form 2
Description
Defines a static moment by specification of a value and four grid points, which determine the
direction. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOMENT2
SID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOMENT2
13
-2.93
16
13
18
19
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G
Loaded grid point identification number.

(Integer > 0)
Value of moment.
(Real)
G1,G2

(Integer > 0; G1 and G2 cannot coincident; G3 and G4 cannot be
coincident)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The static moment applied to grid point G is
where,
is a unit vector parallel to a vector calculated from the cross product of the
vectors from G1 to G2 and G3 to G4.
2.

Altair Engineering
MOTION
Bulk Data Entry
MOTION Multi-body Motion Combination
Description
Defines a multi-body as a combination of motion sets defined via MOTNJ, MOTNJC, MOTNJE,
MOTNG, MOTNGC, and MOTNGE.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MOTION
SID
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
M7
M8
M9
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MOTION
31
34
35
Field
Contents
SID
Motion set identification number.
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Mi
Motion set identification numbers defined via entry typed enumerated

above.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
The Mi must be unique.
2.
Motion sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (MOTION=SID) if they
are to be applied.
Altair Engineering

3.

Altair Engineering
MOTNG
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNG Constant Grid Point Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant grid point motion.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOTNG
SID
G1
C1
G2
D0
V0
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MOTNG
345
Field
Contents
SID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
1.0
(Integer > 0)
G1

(Integer > 0)
C1
Component number (Integer 1 through 18). The component refers to the

direction and type of motion of the grid point G1 in the Basic Coordinate
System (not the Local Coordinate System).
G2
Grid point identification number to define relative motion.

Scale factor.
Altair Engineering

(Real)
D0
Initial displacement if motion data is of type velocity or acceleration,

ignored otherwise.
V0
Initial velocity if motion data type is acceleration, ignored otherwise.
Comments
1.
If G1 and G2 are defined, the motion is a relative motion between the two grid points; if
G2 is blank, absolute motion of G1 is defined.
2.
The types and directions of motion for the component numbers are given in the following
table.
Component Number(s)
Type of Motion
Direction(s) of Motion
1, 2, and 3
Displacement
X, Y, Z
4, 5, and 6
Rotation
X, Y, Z
7, 8, and 9
Translational Velocity
X, Y, Z
10, 11, and 12
Angular Velocity
X, Y, Z
13, 14, and 15
Translational Acceleration
X, Y, Z
16, 17, and 18
Angular Acceleration
X, Y, Z
The component numbers and directions of motion are in the format: 1->X, 2->Y and 3->Z
for Displacement and this format is followed for all the types in the table.
3.

Altair Engineering
MOTNGC
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNGC Grid Point Motion vs. Time Curve for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a grid point motion vs. time by specifying a curve.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOTNGC
SID
G1
C1
G2
C VID
INT
EID
D0
V0
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MOTNGC
345
Field
Contents
SID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
AKIMA
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1

(Integer > 0)
C1

G2

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
CVID
Set identification number of the MBCRV entry that gives the motion vs.
time.
(Integer > 0)
INT

Default = AKIMA
EID

expression.
D0

ignored otherwise.
V0
Comments
1.
If G1 and G2 are defined, the motion is a relative motion between the two grid points; if
G2 is blank, absolute motion of G1 is defined.
2.
table.
Component Number(s)
Type of Motion
1, 2, and 3
Displacement
X, Y, Z
4, 5, and 6
Rotation
X, Y, Z
7, 8, and 9
X, Y, Z
10, 11, and 12
Angular Velocity
X, Y, Z
13, 14, and 15
X, Y, Z
16, 17, and 18
X, Y, Z
3.

Altair Engineering
MOTNGE
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNGE Expression Grid Point Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a grid point motion through an expression.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOTNGE
SID
G1
C1
G2
EID
D0
V0
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
MOTNGE
345
Field
Contents
SID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G1

(Integer > 0)
C1

G2

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
EID
Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the motion
vs. time.
(Integer > 0)
D0

ignored otherwise.
V0
Comments
1.
2.
table.
Component Number(s)
Type of Motion
1, 2, and 3
Displacement
X, Y, Z
4, 5, and 6
Rotation
X, Y, Z
7, 8, and 9
X, Y, Z
10, 11, and 12
Angular Velocity
X, Y, Z
13, 14, and 15
X, Y, Z
16, 17, and 18
X, Y, Z

Altair Engineering
MOTNJ
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJ Constant Joint Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a constant joint motion.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOTNJ
SID
JID
MTYPE
DTYPE
D0
V0
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
MOTNJ
345
TRANS
1.0
DIS
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
JID

(Integer > 0)
MTYPE
TRANS or ROT, ignored for revolute and translational joints.
Value of motion.
(Real)
DTYPE
Motion data type (DIS or VEL or ACC), blank means displacement

motion.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
D0

ignored otherwise.
V0
Comments
1.
Joint motion can only be applied to cylindrical joints (MTYPE = TRANS or ROT), revolute
joints (MTYPE = ROT), and translational joints (MTYPE = TRANS).

Altair Engineering
MOTNJC
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJC Joint Motion vs. Time Curve for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a joint motion vs. time by specifying a curve.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOTNJC
SID
JID
MTYPE
C VID
INT
EID
DTYPE
D0
V0
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MOTNJC
345
ROT
AKIMA
99
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
JID

(Integer > 0)
MTYPE
CVID
Set identification number of the MBCRV entry that gives the motion vs.
time.
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
INT

Default = AKIMA
EID

expression.
DTYPE
Motion data type (DIS or VEL or ACC), blank means displacement motion.
D0

ignored otherwise.
V0
Comments
1.

Altair Engineering
MOTNJE
Bulk Data Entry
MOTNJE Expression Joint Motion for Multi-body Solution Sequence
Description
Defines a joint motion through an expression.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MOTNJE
SID
JID
MTYPE
EID
DTYPE
D0
V0
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
MOTNJE
345
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
JID

(Integer > 0)
MTYPE
EID
Expression identification number of the MBVAR entry that gives the

motion vs. time. If blank or zero, a constant motion of D is applied.
Default = constant motion D (Integer > 0 or blank)
DTYPE
Motion data type (DIS or VEL or ACC), blank means displacement
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
motion.
D0

ignored otherwise.
V0
Comments
1.

Altair Engineering
MPC
Bulk Data Entry
MPC Multipoint Constraint
Description
The MPC bulk data entry defines a multipoint constraint equation of the form.
Aj u j
Where,
Aj
is the coefficient that can be used to define the relationship between the degrees of
freedom associated with grid points (or a scalar point) in the model.
uj
is the degree of freedom associated with a grid point (or a scalar point).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MPC
SID
blank
blank
-etc.-
blank
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
MPC
28
6.2
4.29
-2.91
Field
Contents
SID
Altair Engineering
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
(Integer > 0)
Identification number of a grid point or a scalar point.

Component number. See comment 3.

(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or any one of the digits 1-6 for grid
points)
Coefficient that can be used to define the relationship between the degrees of
freedom associated with grid points (or a scalar point).
(Real; the first A must be non-zero)
Comments
1.
The first coordinate in the sequence is assumed to be the dependent coordinate. A

dependent degree-of-freedom assigned by one MPC entry cannot be assigned dependent
by another MPC entry or by a rigid element.
2.
3.
The component refers to the coordinate system referenced by the grid point.
4.
Illustrative Example:
Figure 1 can be used to illustrate an MPC application. Independent grid points G1 and G2
of a 2D quad element are connected with the help of an MPC; where Gd is the dependent
grid point. The objective of this example is to force the displacement of Gd to be equal to
the sum of the displacements of grid points G1 and G2 in the X (1) direction using an
MPC.

Altair Engineering
Figure : MPC Example Illustration
Rewriting the MPC equation for three grid points:
A1u1
A2 u2
A3 u3
Substituting A1 = 1.0, A2 = -1.0 and A3 = -1.0 in the equation above:
(1.0)ud
( 1.0)u1
( 1.0)u2
Rearranging equation terms:
ud
u1
u2
Where,
ud
u1
u2
is the displacement of grid point Gd in X direction

is the displacement of grid point G1 in X direction
is the displacement of grid point G2 in X direction
5.
references on MPC entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
is similar to the format of a numeric reference. PartName is the name of the part that
contains the referenced local entry (part names are defined on the BEGIN Bulk Data Entry
in the model). number is the identification number of a referenced local entry in the part
PartName. See Parts and Instances in the Users Guide for detailed information on the
use of fully qualified references.
6.
This card is represented as an equation in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

MPCADD
Bulk Data Entry
MPCADD Multipoint Constraint Set Combination
Description
Defines a multipoint constraint set as a union of multipoint constraint sets defined via MPC
entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MPC ADD
SID
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
etc.
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
MPC ADD
101
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Sj
Set identification numbers of multipoint constraint sets defined via MPC

entries.
Comments
1.
Multipoint constraint sets must be selected with the Subcase Information command
MPC=SID.
2.
The Sj field should not reference the identification number of a multipoint constraint set

Altair Engineering
defined by another MPCADD entry.

3.
MPCADD entries take precedence over MPC entries. If both have the same SID, only the
MPCADD entry will be used.
4.
If all Si are non-existent, the solver will exit with an error termination.
5.
references on MPCADD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
6.
Altair Engineering

NLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
NLOAD Nonlinear Load Combination or Superposition
Description
Defines a loading condition for nonlinear problems as a linear combination of load sets defined
via NLOAD1.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NLOAD
SID
S1
L1
S2
L2
S3
L3
S4
L4
...
...
...
...
...
...
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NLOAD
1.0
2.0
101
2.0
102
2.0
103
-2.0
201
Field
Contents
SID
(10)

S
Scale factor.
No default (Real)
Si
Scale factors.
No default (Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Li
Load set identification numbers of NLOAD1.

Comments
1.
with NLOAD=SID.
2.
The load vector being defined by this entry is given by:
.
3.
Each Li must be unique from any other Li on the same entry.
4.
SID must be unique from all NLOAD1 entries.
5.
An NLOAD entry may not reference a set identification number defined by another NLOAD
entry.
6.
Altair Engineering

NLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
NLOAD1 Time Dependent Load or Motion for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a time-dependent load or enforced motion for use in geometric nonlinear analysis.
f(t) = A * C * F(t/B)
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NLOAD1
SID
EXC ITEID
SENSID
TYPE
TID
C ID
TSTART
TEND
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
NLOAD1
(4)
(5)
(6)
LOAD
13
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
EXCITEID SID number of DAREA, SPCD or static load set that defines A. See
comments 2 and 3.
(Integer > 0)
SENSID
Identification number of a sensor. Load application is activated once the

referenced sensor is activated.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
(Integer > 0)
TYPE
Defines the type of the dynamic excitation. See comments 2 and 3.

Default = 0 (Integer, character or blank)
TID
Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining the load history F(t).

(Integer > 0)
TID=0 implies F(t) is a linear function passing through (TTERM-TTERMS, 0)
and (TTERM, 1). TTERMS is the duration of each subcase. TTERM is the
termination time. TID = 0 is only for geometric nonlinear implicit (quasi-)
static analysis (NLGEOM).
Scale factor of the time in f(t).

Scale factor for the function value in f(t).

CID
Identification number of coordinate system defining a frame in which the

imposed velocity is defined. Applies only for TYPE = 2, V, VE, VEL, or VELO.
Only CORD1R and CORD2R systems are allowed.
TSTART
Start time. See comment 4.

TEND
End time.
Default = 1030 (Real > TSTART)
Comments
1.
Time-dependent load sets must be selected with the Subcase Information command
NLOAD = SID. It can only be selected in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are
defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2.
The type of the dynamic excitation is specified by TYPE (field 5) according to the
following table:
Altair Engineering

TYPE
TYPE of Dynamic Excitation
O, L, LO, LOA, or LOAD
Applied load (force, moment, pressure).

(Default)
3.
1, D, DI, DIS, or DISP
Enforced displacement using SPC/SPCD data.
2, V, VE, VEL, or VELO
Enforced velocity using SPC/SPCD data.
3, A, AC, ACC, or ACCE
Enforced acceleration using SPC/SPCD data
TYPE (field 5) also determines the manner in which EXCITEID (field 3) is used by the
program as described below.
Excitation specified by TYPE is applied load. The EXCITEID may reference DAREA, or
(and) static load set entries. If EXCITEID references both DAREA and static load set,
the two loads will be super-imposed.
Excitation specified by TYPE is enforced motion. The EXCITEID must reference SPCD
entries.
4.
TSTART and TEND are only considered for enforced displacement, velocity, and
acceleration. The continuation line is optional.
5.

Altair Engineering
NLPARM
Bulk Data Entry
NLPARM Parameters for Nonlinear Static Analysis or Heat Transfer Analysis
Description
The NLPARM bulk data entry defines parameters for nonlinear static analysis or heat transfer
analysis solution control.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NLPARM
ID
NINC
EPSU
EPSP
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
KSTEP
MAXITER
C ONV
EPSW
(9)
MAXLS
(10)
LSTOL
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
NLPARM
99
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
ID
Each NLPARM bulk data card must have a unique ID.
(8)
(9)
(10)

NINC
Number of implicit load sub-increments (see comments 2 and 3).

Default = 1 (no increments) for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT
Default = 10 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM
(Integer > 0)
KSTEP
Number of iterations before stiffness update (see comment 3).

Default = 6 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM and BCS solver
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Default = 3 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM and PCG solver
(Integer > 0)
MAXITER
Limit on number of implicit iterations for each load increment. If reached, the
solution is terminated (ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT).
CONV
Flags to select implicit convergence criteria.

Default = UPW for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT
Default = PW for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM
(Any combination of U, P and W)
EPSU
Error tolerance for displacement (U) criterion.

Default = 1.0E-3 for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT
Default = 1.0E-2 for ANALYSIS = NLGEOM
(Real > 0.0)
EPSP
Error tolerance for load (P) criterion.

Default = 1.0E-3 for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT
(Real > 0.0)
EPSW
Error tolerance for work (W) criterion.

Default = 1.0E-7 for ANALYSIS = NLSTAT and ANALYSIS=NLHEAT
(Real > 0.0)
MAXLS
Maximum number of line searches allowed for each iteration.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
LSTOL
Line search tolerance.

Comments
1.
The NLPARM bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command
NLPARM=option. Each subcase for which nonlinear analysis is desired requires an NLPARM
command.
2.
The solution method for quasi-static nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLSTAT) is full
Newton. The stiffness matrix is updated at each iteration. NINC > 0 represents the
number of equal subdivisions that the total load in a given subcase will be divided into. If
NINC is blank, the entire load for a given subcase is applied at once. The Newton method
will be applied to consecutive load levels until the final load is reached.
3.
Additional control for geometric nonlinear implicit static solution schemes (ANALYSIS =
NLGEOM) can be defined using the NLPARMX bulk data entry. Defaults will be used if
NLPARMX is not present.
4.
The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM) is
modified or Quasi-Newton. The frequency of stiffness matrix updates is controlled by
KSTEP. For highly nonlinear problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP for better
performance. KSTEP = 1 means full Newton.
If the loading is defined using NLOAD, the termination time TTERM must defined by a
TTERM subcase entry. The initial implicit time step is TTERMS/NINC with TTERMS =
TTERM T0. All subsequent time steps will be determined automatically. In a simulation
with multiple nonlinear subcases, T0 is the end time of the previous load step. If there is
only a single nonlinear subcase, T0 = 0.0.
If the loading is defined using LOAD, TTERM is not mandatory. These loads are treated as
linear ramp-up. If TTERM is defined, the load ramps up from the end time of the previous
subcase to TTERM. If TTERM is absent, it will be determined from the subcase sequence
such that the duration of each subcase TTERMS = 1.0. In this case, the initial time step
is 1.0/NINC.
5.
For Nastran compatibility, NLPCI is imported if present. Only the fields ID, TYPE are
interpreted. With NLPCI present, the default for NLPARMX, SACC will be reset to RIKS.
TYPE will be translated into CTYPE; all other entries are set to default. A warning will be
issued. NLPCI and NLPARMX cannot be used simultaneously. It is recommended to remove
NLPCI and use NLPARMX with the appropriate definitions.
6.
For more information about nonlinear quasi-static analysis, see the Nonlinear Quasi-static
Analysis section.
7.
For more information about geometric nonlinear analysis, see the Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis section.
8.
For more information about nonlinear steady-state heat transfer analysis, see the
Nonlinear Steady-State Heat Transfer Analysis section.
Altair Engineering

9.

Altair Engineering
NLPARMX
Bulk Data Entry
NLPARMX Optional Parameters for Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Static Analysis Control
Description
Defines additional parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NLPARMX
ID
TA0
DTA
DTTH
NPRINT
RFILE
SOLV
TSC TRL
DTMIN
DTMAX
LSMETH
KINER
DTSC Q
ILIN
SMDISP
SPRBK
ITW
DTSC I
LDTN
DTSC D
LARC
(10)
RREFIF
NC YC LE
FIXTID/
TOUT
C TYP
WSC AL
Example 1
(1)
(2)
NLPARM
99
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
(1)
(2)
NLPARM
99
NLPARMX
99
NEWT
Altair Engineering
0.1
ARC
1.e-4
0.1

Example 3
(1)
(2)
NLPARM
99
0.01
NLPARMX
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
0.01
99
NEWT
(4)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PW
0.01
0.1
ARC
1.e-4
0.1
NEWM
0.25
0.5
Field
Contents
ID
Identification number of an associated NLPARM entry.

TA0
Start time for writing animation files.

DTA
Output time step for animation files. If zero, no output (See comment 3).
Default = DTINI (Real > 0)
DTTH
Output time step for time history files. If zero, no output (See comment 3).
Default = 0.1*DTINI (Real > 0)
NPRINT
Print every NPRINT iterations. If negative, to .out and standard output; if

positive, only to .out file.
Default = -1 (Integer)
RFILE
Cycle frequency to write restart file for nonlinear iteration.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
SOLV
Geometric nonlinear implicit solution method.

NEWT Modified Newton
BFGS BFGS quasi-Newton method
Default = NEWT (Character = NEWT or BFGS)
TSCTRL
Time step control.

ARC Arc-length is used to accelerate and control the convergence. The
time step is determined by displacement norm control (arc-length).
SIMP Simple time step control.
RIKS Riks method for post-buckling analysis (only with SOLV = NEWT).
NONE No time step control. A warning will be issued. In the case of
divergence the time step will be repeated with half the step size. The run
will be terminated according to DTMIN and NCYCLE.
Default = ARC (Character)
DTMIN
Minimum implicit time step. If DTMIN is reached, simulation will be terminated

(See comment 3).
Default = 1e-4*DTINI (Real > 0)
DTMAX
Maximum implicit time step from which time step is set constant (See
comment 3).
Default = 3*DTINI (Real > 0)
LSMETH
Line search method.

Default = ENERGY (Character = NONE, FORCE, ENERGY, or AUTO)
RREFIF
Special residual force computation with contact interfaces present.

Default = no special treatment (Integer = 0, , 5)
0
1
2
3
Aggressive (modified entirely by the out-of-balance value)

Average (modified each time with 200% maximum)
Light (modified each time with 20% maximum)
No modification
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
4 No modification; except for the first contact.
5 Modified automatically (for imposed displacement only)
NCYCLE
Maximum number of time steps. If reached, solution will be terminated.

NCYCLE = 0 means no limit.
Default = no limit (Integer > 0)
FIXTID
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry. The x values of the table define

fixed time points that the automatic time step control will adhere to.
(Integer > 0)
TOUT
The method to determine the fixed time point.

AUTO Fully automatic time step control.
NLOAD - The time points in all TABLEDi that are referenced by NLOAD1 in one
subcase.
Default = AUTO (AUTO or NLOAD)
KINER
Inertia Stiffness for handling models that are not sufficiently constrained.
May require definition of DTSCQ (See comment 4).
Default = OFF (Character = ON, OFF)
DTSCQ
Scale factor for inertia stiffness matrix used in quasi-static analysis (KINER =
ON, See comment 4).
ILIN
Perform linear instead of nonlinear analysis. For debugging purposes.

(ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, See comment 5).
LIN Linear analysis without contact.
LINC Linear analysis with contact.
Default is nonlinear analysis (Character = LIN, LINC)
SMDISP
Perform small displacement and rotation analysis instead of geometric

nonlinear analysis. PARAM, SMDISP, 1 overwrites this definition.
OFF Geometric nonlinear analysis.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ON Small displacements and small rotations analysis.
SPRBK
Perform spring back analysis. Equilibrium is reached when the internal forces
are less or equal to the tolerances given on NLPARM.
OFF Regular analysis.
ON Spring back analysis.
ITW
If the solution of a time step converges within ITW iterations the next time
step will be increased by a factor controlled by DTSCI.
Default = 6 for TSCTRL = ARC
Default = 2 for TSCTRL = SIMP
Default = 12 for TSCTRL = RIKS
DTSCI
Maximum scale factor for increasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC, RIKS).
Scale factor for TSCTRL = SIMP.
LDTN
Maximum number of iterations before resetting and decreasing the time step
by a factor of DTSCD.
Default = 25 for TSCTRL = RIKS
(Integer > 0)
DTSCD
Scale factor for decreasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC, SIMP, RIKS).
LARC
Input arc-length for TSCTRL = ARC, RIKS
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Default = automatic computation (Real)
CTYP
Constraint type (See comment 6).

CRIS Crisfield constraint equation.
MFSRIKS - Modified Forde & Stiemer equation.
Default = CRIS (CRIS or MFSRIKS)
WSCAL
Scale factor for controlling the loading contribution in the constraint

equation.
Comments
1.
The NLPARMX bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command NLPARM =
option. There must also be an NLPARM bulk data entry with the same ID. It is only used
in geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM); it is ignored in other
analyses.
2.
The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit analysis is selected by SOLV. The
frequency of stiffness matrix updates is controlled by KSTEP. For highly nonlinear
problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP for better performance. KSTEP = 1 means
full Newton.
3.
If the loading is defined using NLOAD, the termination time TTERM must be defined by a
TTERM subcase entry. The initial implicit time step is DTINI = TTERMS/NINC with TTERMS
= TTERM T0. All subsequent time steps will be determined automatically. In a
simulation with multiple nonlinear subcases, T0 is the end time of the previous load step.
If there is only a single nonlinear subcase, T0 = 0.0.
If the loading is defined using LOAD, TTERM is not mandatory. These loads are treated as
linear ramp-up. If TTERM is defined, the load ramps up from the end time of the previous
subcase to TTERM. If TTERM is absent, it will be determined from the subcase sequence
such that the duration of each subcase TTERMS = 1.0. In this case, the initial time step
is DTINI = 1.0/NINC.
4.
For models that are not sufficiently constrained, inertia stiffness can be used to overcome
a singular stiffness matrix. The inertia stiffness [K]inertia = 1/(DTSCQ*dt)^2[M] is added
to the stiffness matrix [K]. Care needs to be taken in the selection of DTSCQ. Too large
of an added mass may lead to wrong results.
5.
Linear static and normal modes analysis within geometric nonlinear analysis (ILIN = LIN,
LINC) are provided for debugging purposes. They may help detecting modeling errors. All
materials are linearized, and linear displacements are assumed as well. The load is taken
at the termination time. To run normal modes analysis, a METHOD subcase entry that
refers to an EIGL bulk data entry must be provided.

Altair Engineering
6.
The constraint equation for CTYP = CRIS is:
Where, u is displacement, j the scale factor (WSCAL) , l a load factor, and r the arclength.
The constraint equation for CTYP = MFSRIKS is:
Where,
is the displacement, due to a unit load factor, and
is the displacement
increment from the conventional Newton type method. The meaning of u, j, l, and r are
the same as those above.
7.
For Nastran compatibility, NLPCI is imported if present. Only the fields ID, TYPE are
interpreted. With NLPCI present, the default for TSCTRL will be reset to RIKS. TYPE will
be translated into CTYP; all other entries are set to default. A warning will be issued.
NLPCI and NLPARMX cannot be used simultaneously. It is recommended to remove NLPCI
and use NLPARMX with the appropriate definitions
8.
For more information about geometric nonlinear analysis, see the Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis section.
9.
This card is represented as an extension to an NLPARMX loadcollector in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

NLPCI
Bulk Data Entry
NLPCI Implicit Time Step Control for Riks Type Arc-Length Method
Description
Define implicit automatic time step control with Riks type arc-length method.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NLPC I
ID
TYPE
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
NLPC I
C RIS
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
ID
Identification number of an associated NLPARM entry.
(8)
(9)
(10)

TYPE
Constraint type
Default = CRIS (CRIS, RIKS, or MRIKS)
Comments
1.
The NLPCI bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command NLPARM =
option. There must also be an NLPARM entry with the same ID. It is only used in
geometric nonlinear (quasi-)static analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM).
2.
NLPCI is implemented for Nastran compatibility and imported if present. Only the fields ID,
TYPE are interpreted. With NLPCI present, the default for NLPARMX, SACC will be reset
to RIKS. TYPE will be translated into CTYPE; all other entries are set to default. A
warning will be issued. NLPCI and NLPARMX cannot be used simultaneously. It is

Altair Engineering
recommended to remove NLPCI and use NLPARMX with the appropriate definitions.
3.
This card is an unsupported bulk data entry in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

NLRGAP
Bulk Data Entry
NLRGAP Nonlinear Load Proportional to Gap
Description
Defines a nonlinear radial (circular) gap for direct transient response analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
NLRGAP
SID
GA
GB
PLANE
TABK
TABG
TABU
RADIUS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NOLIN1
21
XY
10
1.6
Field
Contents
SID
Nonlinear load set identification number.
(10)

GA
Inner grid for radial gap (shaft).

GB
Outer grid for radial gap (housing).

PLANE
Radial gap orientation plane.

Default = XY (XY, YZ or ZX)
TABK
Table ID defining either (See comment 11):

Gap stiffness vs. time

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Gap force vs. penetration
TABG
Table ID for radial gap clearance as a function of time.

TABU
Table ID for radial coefficient of friction as a function of time.

RADIUS
Shaft radius.
Comments
1.
Nonlinear radial gap must be selected by the Subcase Information data selector
NONLINEAR.
2.
Multiple NLRGAP entries with the same SID are allowed.
3.
The NLRGAP is not an element, but a nonlinear load similar to the NOLIN1, NOLIN2, NOLIN3
and NOLIN4 entries. It computes the relative displacements of GA and GB in the selected
plane and applies appropriate nonlinear loads to simulate the radial contact.
4.
The degrees of freedom in the XY, YZ and ZX planes (depending on the PLANE defined) of
GA and GB must be members of the solution set. This means that they must not be
dependent degrees of freedom and the must not have SPCs applied to them. If RADIUS is
> 0.0, then the in-plane rotation degree of freedom must also be in the solution set.
5.
The NLRGAP is limited to use in direct transient response analysis.
6.
The XY, YZ and ZX planes are relative to the displacement coordinate systems of GA and
GB.
7.
GA and GB must both be grid points, they must both be coincident, and they must have
parallel displacement coordinate systems. If any of these conditions are not met, an error
termination will occur.
8.
The shaft radius is used only for the computation of friction induced torque.
9.
A positive coefficient of friction is consistent with a counter-clockwise shaft rotation.
Altair Engineering

10. The time step algorithm in transient solution sequences may loose unconditional stability
when this load entry is used. In most practical cases, the time step size chosen to reach
a certain accuracy is below the stability limit. It is recommended to decrease the time
step if results diverge.
11. If the integer entered in the TABK field is positive, it is the ID of a TABLED1 entry defining
time vs. gap stiffness. If the integer is negative, then the absolute value of the integer is
the ID of a TABLED1 entry defining gap penetration vs. gap force.
12. Forces due to TABK and TABU at GA and GB are only present when the gap is closed. A
moment is applied only when the gap is closed and RADIUS > 0.0.

Altair Engineering
NOLIN1
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 Nonlinear Transient Load as a Tabular Function
Description
Defines nonlinear transient forcing functions of the form
Function of displacement:
Function of velocity:
where,
and
are the displacement and velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NOLIN1
SID
GI
CI
GJ
CJ
TID
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NOLIN1
21
2.1
10
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

GI
Grid or scalar point identification number at which nonlinear load is to be

applied.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
CI
Component number for GI.

No default (1 < Integer < 6; blank or 0 if GI is a scalar point)
Scale factor.
No default (Real)
GJ

CJ
Component number for GJ, according to the following table:
TID
Type
Displacement
Velocity
Grid
1 < Integer < 6
11 < Integer < 16
Scalar
Blank or 0
Integer = 10
Identification number of a TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3, or TABLED4 entry.

Comments
1.
Nonlinear loads must be selected by the Subcase Information data selector NONLINEAR.
2.
Nonlinear loads may not be referenced on a DLOAD entry.
3.
All degrees-of-freedom referenced on NOLIN1 entries must be members of the solution

set.
4.
Nonlinear loads as a function of velocity are denoted by components ten greater than the
actual component number; that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1
component direction. The velocity is determined by:
where,
is the time step interval and
previous time step.
5.
is the displacement of GJ-CJ for the
The time step algorithm in transient solution sequences may loose unconditional stability

Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering

NOLIN2
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 Nonlinear Transient Load as the Product of Two Variables
Description
where,
and
can be either displacement or velocity at points GJ and GK,
respectively, in the directions of CJ and CK, respectively.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NOLIN2
SID
GI
CI
GJ
CJ
GK
CK
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NOLIN2
14
2.9
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

GI

applied.
CI

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Scale factor.
No default (Real)
GJ, GK

CJ, CK
Component number for GJ, GK according to the following table:

Displacement
Velocity
Grid
1 < Integer < 6
11 < Integer < 16
Scalar
Blank or 0
Integer = 10
Type
Comments
1.
2.
3.

set.
4.
GI-CI, GJ-CJ and GK-CK may be the same degree-of-freedom.
5.
Nonlinear loads may be a function of displacement

or velocity
.
Velocities are denoted by a component number ten greater than the actual component
number; that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1 component direction. The
velocity is determined by:
where,
previous time step.
6.
is the displacement of GJ-CJ or GK-CK for the
Altair Engineering

NOLIN3
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 Nonlinear Transient Load as a Positive Variable Raised to a Power
Description
where,
may be a displacement or a velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NOLIN3
SID
GI
CI
GJ
CJ
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
NOLIN3
102
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
-6.1
15
-3.5
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)

GI

applied.
CI

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Scale factor.
No default (Real)
GJ

CJ
Type
Displacement
Velocity
Grid
1 < Integer < 6
11 < Integer < 16
Scalar
Blank or 0
Integer = 10
Exponent of the forcing function.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.

set.
4.

or velocity
.
Velocities are denoted by components ten greater than the actual component number;
that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1 component direction. The velocity is
determined by:
where,
previous time step.
Altair Engineering

5.
Use a NOLIN4 entry for the negative range of
6.

Altair Engineering
NOLIN4
Bulk Data Entry
NOLIN1 Nonlinear Transient Load as a Negative Variable Raised to a Power
Description
where,
may be a displacement or a velocity at point GJ in the direction of CJ.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NOLIN4
SID
GI
CI
GJ
CJ
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
NOLIN4
2.0
101
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
16.3

GI

applied.
CI
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Scale factor.
No default (Real)
GJ

CJ
Type
Displacement
Velocity
Grid
1 < Integer < 6
11 < Integer < 16
Scalar
Blank or 0
Integer = 10
Exponent of the forcing function.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.

set.
4.

or velocity
.
Velocities are denoted by components ten greater than the actual component number;
that is the component 11 indicates velocity in the 1 component direction. The velocity is
determined by
where,
previous time step.

Altair Engineering
5.
Use a NOLIN3 entry for the positive range of
6.
Altair Engineering

NSM
Bulk Data Entry
NSM Non-structural Mass per Unit Area or per Unit Length
Description
Defines non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length for a list of elements or
properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
NSM
SID
TYPE
ID
VALUE
ID
VALUE
ID
VALUE
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
NSM
PSHELL
155
0.06
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
NSM
ELEMENT
12
0.03
13
0.03
14
0.03
Example 2
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of non-structural mass set.

TYPE
This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM,
PBEAML, PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
refer to properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the
list is of individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.
No default (PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PROD, CONROD,
PSHEAR, PTUBE, or ELEMENT).
ID
Property or Element ID, depending on the TYPE definition

VALUE
Non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
Refer to the User's Guide section on Non-structural Mass for more information on the use
of this card.
2.
Non-structural mass in this format must be selected by the NSM Subcase Information
selector.
Altair Engineering

NSM1
Bulk Data Entry
NSM1 Non-structural Mass per Unit Area or per Unit Length, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length for a list of elements or
properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NSM1
SID
TYPE
VALUE
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
NSM1
ELEMENT
0.063
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
NSM1
SID
TYPE
VALUE
ID
THRU
ID
NSM1
PSHELL
0.03
THRU
12
Field
Contents
SID
(8)

(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering

TYPE
This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML,
PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will refer to
properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the list is of
individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.
VALUE
Non-structural mass per unit area or per unit length

No default (Real)
ID

No default (Integer > 0, or "THRU")
Comments
1.
of this card.
2.
selector.
Altair Engineering

NSMADD
Bulk Data Entry
NSMADD Non-structural Mass Set Combination
Description
Defines non-structural mass as the sum of the sets listed.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NSMADD
SID
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
S10
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
NSMADD
100
200
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

S#
Identification number of nonstructural mass sets defined via NSM, NSM1, NSML,
and NSML1 entries.
VALUE
A lumped mass value to be distributed over all the listed elements and elements
referencing listed properties.
No default (Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ID

Comments
1.
of this card.
2.
selector.
3.
No S# may be the identification number of a non-structural mass set defined by another

NSMADD entry.
4.
NSMADD entries take precedence over NSM, NSML, NSM1 or NSML1 entries. If both have
the same SID, only the NSMADD entry will be used.
Altair Engineering

NSML
Bulk Data Entry
NSML Lumped Non-structural Mass
Description
Defines lumped non-structural mass for a list of elements or properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
NSML
SID
TYPE
ID
VALUE
ID
VALUE
ID
VALUE
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
NSML
PSHELL
16
0.29
(6)
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

TYPE
This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM,
PBEAML, PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will
refer to properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the
list is of individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.
ID


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
VALUE
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
of this card.
2.
selector.
3.
This entry will calculated an equivalent non-structural mass per unit area or per unit
length using the lumped mass values provided.
For "area" elements, the calculation is:
and for "line" elements, the calculation is:
4.
You cannot mix "area" and "line" elements on the same entry. The "area" elements are:
CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3, CTRIA6, and CSHEAR; and the "line" elements are: CBAR,
CBEAM, CTUBE, CROD, and CONROD.
Altair Engineering

NSML1
Bulk Data Entry
NSML1 Lumped Non-structural Mass, Alternate Form 1
Description
Defines lumped non-structural mass for a list of elements or properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NSML
SID
TYPE
VALUE
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
ID
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
NSML
ELEMENT
0.06
(9)
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
NSML
SID
TYPE
VALUE
ID
THRU
ID
NSML
ELEMENT
0.06
THRU
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
TYPE
This can be one of the properties PSHELL, PCOMP, PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML,
PROD, CONROD, PSHEAR, or PTUBE, in which case the list of IDs will refer to
properties of the stated type, or it can be ELEMENT, in which case the list is of
individual element IDs of elements that can have NSM.
VALUE
No default (Real)
ID

Comments
1.
of this card.
2.
selector.
3.
This entry will calculated an equivalent non-structural mass per unit area or per unit
length using the lumped mass values provided.
For "area" elements, the calculation is:
and for "line" elements, the calculation is:
4.
You cannot mix "area" and "line" elements on the same entry. The "area" elements are:
CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3, CTRIA6, and CSHEAR; and the "line" elements are: CBAR,
CBEAM, CTUBE, CROD, and CONROD.
Altair Engineering

PAABSF
Bulk Data Entry
PAABSF Frequency-Dependant Fluid Acoustic Absorber Property
Description
Defines the properties of the fluid acoustic absorber element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PAABSF
PID
TZREID
TSIMID
RHOC
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PAABSF
1.0
0.5
Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
TZREID
Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the resistance as a function of

frequency. The real part of the impedance.
(Integer > 0 or Blank)
TZIMID
Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the reactance as a function of

frequency. The imaginary part of impedance.
Impedance scale factor.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Area factor when 1 or 2 grid points are specified in the CAABSF entry.
Equivalent damping coefficient.

Equivalent stiffness coefficient.

RHOC
Constant used in data recovery for calculating an absorption coefficient. RHO is

the media density and C is the speed of sound in the media.
Default = 1.0; current unused (Real)
Input File - mdcaabsf.parm

$$
$$ Optistruct Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 10.0build60
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Optistruct Template Version : 10.0-SA1-120
$$
$$
Template: optistruct
$$
$$
$
DISPLACEMENT(PHASE) = 1
OUTPUT,HGFREQ,ALL
OUTPUT,OPTI,ALL
OUTPUT,H3D,ALL
OUTPUT,PUNCH,ALL
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Case Control Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP
1"Piston_Load"
6
$
SUBCASE
1
LABEL Piston_Load
SPC =
12
METHOD(STRUCTURE) =
4
METHOD(FLUID) =
5
FREQUENCY =
3
DLOAD =
9
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
11(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
43(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
55(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
67(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
79(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
91(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
103(T1)
XYPUNCH DISP 1/
115(T1)
Altair Engineering

XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
XYPUNCH
$
$HMSET
SET 1 =
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
DISP
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
1/
127(T1)
139(T1)
151(T1)
163(T1)
175(T1)
187(T1)
199(T1)
531(T1)
543(T1)
555(T1)
567(T1)
579(T1)
591(T1)
603(T1)
615(T1)
627(T1)
639(T1)
651(T1)
663(T1)
675(T1)
687(T1)
1
1 "pressure"
43,55,67,79,91,103,115,
127,139,151,163,175,187,199,
531,543,555,567,579,591,603,
615,627,639,651,663,675,687,
6798
$
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS
$
BEGIN BULK
ACMODL
$$
$$ Stacking Information for Ply-Based Composite Definition
$$
PARAM,AUTOSPC,YES
PARAM,POST,-1
$$
$$ DESVARG Data
$$
$$
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID
9
GRID
10
GRID
11
GRID
12
GRID
13
GRID
14
GRID
15
GRID
16
GRID
17
GRID
18
GRID
19
GRID
20
GRID
21
GRID
22
GRID
23
GRID
24
GRID
25
GRID
26
0.492
0.246
0.0
-0.246
-0.492
-0.492
-0.492
-0.246
0.0
0.246
0.492
0.492
0.0
-0.246
0.246
0.492
0.492
0.246
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.246
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.246
0.246
0.246
0.246
-0.246
-0.492
-0.492
-1.72-15
-8.59-16
0.0
8.589-16
1.718-15
1.718-15
1.718-15
8.589-16
0.0
-8.59-16
-1.72-15
-1.72-15
0.0
8.589-16
-8.59-16
-1.72-15
-1.72-15
-8.59-16
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
Altair Engineering
0.0
-0.492 0.0
-0.246 -0.492 8.589-16
-0.492 -0.492 1.718-15
-0.492 -0.246 1.718-15
0.0
-0.246 0.0
0.246
-0.246 -8.59-16
-0.246 -0.246 8.589-16
0.246
5.049-29-.300073
-5.99-130.0
-.300073
-5.62-130.246
-.300073
0.246
0.246
-.300073
0.246
2.524-29-.600146
-1.2-12 0.0
-.600146
-1.12-120.246
-.600146
0.246
0.246
-.600146
0.246
2.919-29-0.90022
-1.79-120.0
-.900219
-1.68-120.246
-.900219
0.246
0.246
-0.90022
0.246
3.787-29-1.20029
-2.39-120.0
-1.20029
-2.24-120.246
-1.20029
0.246
0.246
-1.20029
0.246
4.733-29-1.50037
-3.0-12 0.0
-1.50037
-2.81-120.246
-1.50037
0.246
0.246
-1.50037
0.246
5.364-29-1.80044
-3.6-12 0.0
-1.80044
-3.37-120.246
-1.80044
0.246
0.246
-1.80044
0.246
6.311-29-2.10051
-4.2-12 0.0
-2.10051
-3.93-120.246
-2.10051
0.246
0.246
-2.10051
0.246
7.258-29-2.40059
-4.79-120.0
-2.40059
-4.49-120.246
-2.40059
0.246
0.246
-2.40059
0.246
8.204-29-2.70066
-5.39-120.0
-2.70066
-5.06-120.246
-2.70066
0.246
0.246
-2.70066
0.246
8.835-29-3.00073
-5.99-120.0
-3.00073
-5.62-120.246
-3.00073
0.246
0.246
-3.00073
0.246
9.782-29-3.30081
-6.59-120.0
-3.30081
-6.18-120.246
-3.30081
0.246
0.246
-3.30081
0.246
1.073-28-3.60088
-7.19-120.0
-3.60088
-6.74-120.246
-3.60088
0.246
0.246
-3.60088
0.246
1.136-28-3.90095
-7.78-120.0
-3.90095
-7.3-12 0.246
-3.90095
0.246
0.246
-3.90095
0.246
1.231-28-4.20102
-8.38-120.0
-4.20102
-7.86-120.246
-4.20102
0.246
0.246
-4.20102
0.246
1.294-28-4.5011
-8.99-120.0
-4.5011
-8.43-120.246
-4.5011
0.246
0.246
-4.5011
0.246
1.388-28-4.80117
-9.59-120.0
-4.80117
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
-8.99-120.246
-4.80117
0.246
0.246
-4.80117
0.246
1.452-28-5.10124
-1.02-110.0
-5.10124
-9.55-120.246
-5.10124
0.246
0.246
-5.10124
0.246
1.515-28-5.40132
-1.08-110.0
-5.40132
-1.01-110.246
-5.40132
0.246
0.246
-5.40132
0.246
1.609-28-5.70139
-1.14-110.0
-5.70139
-1.07-110.246
-5.70139
0.246
0.246
-5.70139
0.246
1.672-28-6.00146
-1.2-11 0.0
-6.00146
-1.12-110.246
-6.00146
0.246
0.246
-6.00146
0.246
1.735-28-6.30154
-1.26-110.0
-6.30154
-1.18-110.246
-6.30154
0.246
0.246
-6.30154
0.246
1.83-28 -6.60161
-1.32-110.0
-6.60161
-1.23-110.246
-6.60161
0.246
0.246
-6.60161
0.246
1.893-28-6.90168
-1.38-110.0
-6.90168
-1.29-110.246
-6.90168
0.246
0.246
-6.90168
0.246
1.956-28-7.20176
-1.44-110.0
-7.20176
-1.35-110.246
-7.20176
0.246
0.246
-7.20176
0.246
2.019-28-7.50183
-1.5-11 0.0
-7.50183
-1.4-11 0.246
-7.50183
0.246
0.246
-7.50183
0.246
2.083-28-7.8019
-1.55-110.0
-7.8019
-1.46-110.246
-7.8019
0.246
0.246
-7.8019
0.246
2.146-28-8.10198
-1.61-110.0
-8.10198
-1.51-110.246
-8.10198
0.246
0.246
-8.10198
0.246
2.209-28-8.40205
-1.67-110.0
-8.40205
-1.57-110.246
-8.40205
0.246
0.246
-8.40205
0.246
2.272-28-8.70212
-1.73-110.0
-8.70212
-1.63-110.246
-8.70212
0.246
0.246
-8.70212
0.246
2.335-28-9.0022
-1.79-110.0
-9.0022
-1.68-110.246
-9.0022
0.246
0.246
-9.0022
0.246
2.398-28-9.30227
-1.85-110.0
-9.30227
-1.74-110.246
-9.30227
0.246
0.246
-9.30227
0.246
2.461-28-9.60234
-1.91-110.0
-9.60234
-1.79-110.246
-9.60234
0.246
0.246
-9.60234
0.246
2.524-28-9.90241
-1.97-110.0
-9.90241
-1.85-110.246
-9.90241
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

Altair Engineering
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
Altair Engineering
0.246
0.246
-9.90241
0.246
2.556-28-10.2025
-2.03-110.0
-10.2025
-1.91-110.246
-10.2025
0.246
0.246
-10.2025
0.246
2.619-28-10.5026
-2.09-110.0
-10.5026
-1.96-110.246
-10.5026
0.246
0.246
-10.5026
0.246
2.682-28-10.8026
-2.15-110.0
-10.8026
-2.02-110.246
-10.8026
0.246
0.246
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GRID
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3882
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3884
3885
3886
3887
3888
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4050
4051
4052
4053
4054
4055
4056
4057
4058
4059
4060
4061
4062
4063
4064
4065
4066
4067
4068
4069
4070
4071
4072
4073
4074
4075
4076
4077
4078
4079
4080
4081
4082
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4084
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4086
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4090
4091
4092
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4094
4095
4096
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Altair Engineering
GRID
4097
GRID
4098
GRID
4099
GRID
4100
GRID
4101
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4102
GRID
4103
GRID
4104
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4105
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4106
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4107
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4108
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4109
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4110
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4111
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4112
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4113
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4114
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4115
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4116
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4117
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4118
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4119
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4120
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4121
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4122
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4123
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4124
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4125
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4126
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4127
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4128
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4129
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4130
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4131
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4132
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4133
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6776
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6777
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6778
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6779
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6780
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6781
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6782
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6784
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6786
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6787
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6788
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6789
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6790
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6791
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6792
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6793
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6794
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6795
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6796
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6797
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6798
GRID
6799
GRID
6800
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4
5627
Altair Engineering
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0.246
0.246
0.246
0.246
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.492
0.246
0.0
0.0
0.0
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0.0
6778
-19.8047
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-24.9059
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8.589-16
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0.0
1.718-15
1.718-15
8.589-16
0.0
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8.589-16
0.0
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0.0
8.589-16
1.718-15
1.718-15
1.718-15
8.589-16
0.0
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-1.72-15
6798
6799
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
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-1
-1
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-1
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-1
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6777

CQUAD4
5629
1
6782
CQUAD4
6116
1
6777
CQUAD4
6122
1
6783
CQUAD4
6125
1
6799
CQUAD4
6520
1
6779
CQUAD4
6521
1
6776
CQUAD4
6523
1
6780
CQUAD4
6528
1
6781
CQUAD4
6954
1
6797
CQUAD4
7220
1
6788
CQUAD4
7647
1
6787
CQUAD4
7652
1
6798
CQUAD4
7945
1
6786
CQUAD4
7948
1
6789
CQUAD4
7955
1
6800
$
$HMMOVE
5
$
5627
5629
6116
$
6528
6954
7220
$
$
$
CHEXA
17
2
10
+
36
37
CHEXA
18
2
34
+
40
41
CHEXA
19
2
38
+
44
45
CHEXA
20
2
42
+
48
49
CHEXA
21
2
46
+
52
53
CHEXA
22
2
50
+
56
57
CHEXA
23
2
54
+
60
61
CHEXA
24
2
58
+
64
65
CHEXA
25
2
62
+
68
69
CHEXA
26
2
66
+
72
73
CHEXA
27
2
70
+
76
77
CHEXA
28
2
74
+
80
81
CHEXA
29
2
78
+
84
85
CHEXA
30
2
82
+
88
89
CHEXA
31
2
86
+
92
93
CHEXA
32
2
90
+
96
97
CHEXA
33
2
94
+
100
101
CHEXA
34
2
98
+
104
105
CHEXA
35
2
102
+
108
109
CHEXA
36
2
106
+
112
113
CHEXA
37
2
110
+
116
117
CHEXA
38
2
114
+
120
121
CHEXA
39
2
118
+
124
125
6778
6799
6777
6798
6796
6797
6779
6776
6796
6787
6795
6797
6788
6786
6799
6777
6800
6785
6788
6797
6798
6776
6778
6795
6793
6794
6787
6792
6791
6786
6783
6785
6784
6786
6776
6778
6781
6782
6787
6792
6793
6788
6791
6790
6789
6122
7647
6125
7652
6520THRU
7945
7948
11
21
23
34
35
35
36
37
38
39
39
40
41
42
43
43
44
45
46
47
47
48
49
50
51
51
52
53
54
55
55
56
57
58
59
59
60
61
62
63
63
64
65
66
67
67
68
69
70
71
71
72
73
74
75
75
76
77
78
79
79
80
81
82
83
83
84
85
86
87
87
88
89
90
91
91
92
93
94
95
95
96
97
98
99
99
100
101
102
103
103
104
105
106
107
107
108
109
110
111
111
112
113
114
115
115
116
117
118
119
119
120
121
122
123

6521
7955
6523
Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
40
128
41
132
42
136
43
140
44
144
45
148
46
152
47
156
48
160
49
164
50
168
51
172
52
176
53
180
54
184
55
188
56
192
57
196
58
200
139
524
140
528
141
532
142
536
143
540
144
544
145
548
146
552
147
556
148
560
149
564
150
568
151
572
152
576
153
580
154
Altair Engineering
2
129
2
133
2
137
2
141
2
145
2
149
2
153
2
157
2
161
2
165
2
169
2
173
2
177
2
181
2
185
2
189
2
193
2
197
2
201
2
525
2
529
2
533
2
537
2
541
2
545
2
549
2
553
2
557
2
561
2
565
2
569
2
573
2
577
2
581
2
122
123
124
125
126
127
126
127
128
129
130
131
130
131
132
133
134
135
134
135
136
137
138
139
138
139
140
141
142
143
142
143
144
145
146
147
146
147
148
149
150
151
150
151
152
153
154
155
154
155
156
157
158
159
158
159
160
161
162
163
162
163
164
165
166
167
166
167
168
169
170
171
170
171
172
173
174
175
174
175
176
177
178
179
178
179
180
181
182
183
182
183
184
185
186
187
186
187
188
189
190
191
190
191
192
193
194
195
194
195
196
197
198
199
198
199
200
201
522
523
522
523
524
525
526
527
526
527
528
529
530
531
530
531
532
533
534
535
534
535
536
537
538
539
538
539
540
541
542
543
542
543
544
545
546
547
546
547
548
549
550
551
550
551
552
553
554
555
554
555
556
557
558
559
558
559
560
561
562
563
562
563
564
565
566
567
566
567
568
569
570
571
570
571
572
573
574
575
574
575
576
577
578
579
578
579
580
581
582
583

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
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CHEXA
+
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+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
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+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
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+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
584
155
588
156
592
157
596
158
600
159
604
160
608
161
612
162
616
163
620
164
624
165
628
166
632
167
636
168
640
169
644
170
648
171
652
172
656
173
660
174
664
175
668
176
672
177
676
178
680
179
684
180
688
181
37
182
41
183
45
184
49
185
53
186
57
187
61
188
65
585
2
589
2
593
2
597
2
601
2
605
2
609
2
613
2
617
2
621
2
625
2
629
2
633
2
637
2
641
2
645
2
649
2
653
2
657
2
661
2
665
2
669
2
673
2
677
2
681
2
685
2
689
2
691
2
693
2
695
2
697
2
699
2
701
2
703
2
705
582
583
584
585
586
587
586
587
588
589
590
591
590
591
592
593
594
595
594
595
596
597
598
599
598
599
600
601
602
603
602
603
604
605
606
607
606
607
608
609
610
611
610
611
612
613
614
615
614
615
616
617
618
619
618
619
620
621
622
623
622
623
624
625
626
627
626
627
628
629
630
631
630
631
632
633
634
635
634
635
636
637
638
639
638
639
640
641
642
643
642
643
644
645
646
647
646
647
648
649
650
651
650
651
652
653
654
655
654
655
656
657
658
659
658
659
660
661
662
663
662
663
664
665
666
667
666
667
668
669
670
671
670
671
672
673
674
675
674
675
676
677
678
679
678
679
680
681
682
683
682
683
684
685
686
687
10
23
20
690
34
690
34
37
691
692
38
692
38
41
693
694
42
694
42
45
695
696
46
696
46
49
697
698
50
698
50
53
699
700
54
700
54
57
701
702
58
702
58
61
703
704
62

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
189
69
190
73
191
77
192
81
193
85
194
89
195
93
196
97
197
101
198
105
199
109
200
113
201
117
202
121
203
125
204
129
205
133
206
137
207
141
208
145
209
149
210
153
211
157
212
161
213
165
214
169
215
173
216
177
217
181
218
185
219
189
220
193
221
197
222
201
303
Altair Engineering
2
707
2
709
2
711
2
713
2
715
2
717
2
719
2
721
2
723
2
725
2
727
2
729
2
731
2
733
2
735
2
737
2
739
2
741
2
743
2
745
2
747
2
749
2
751
2
753
2
755
2
757
2
759
2
761
2
763
2
765
2
767
2
769
2
771
2
773
2
704
62
65
705
706
66
706
66
69
707
708
70
708
70
73
709
710
74
710
74
77
711
712
78
712
78
81
713
714
82
714
82
85
715
716
86
716
86
89
717
718
90
718
90
93
719
720
94
720
94
97
721
722
98
722
98
101
723
724
102
724
102
105
725
726
106
726
106
109
727
728
110
728
110
113
729
730
114
730
114
117
731
732
118
732
118
121
733
734
122
734
122
125
735
736
126
736
126
129
737
738
130
738
130
133
739
740
134
740
134
137
741
742
138
742
138
141
743
744
142
744
142
145
745
746
146
746
146
149
747
748
150
748
150
153
749
750
154
750
154
157
751
752
158
752
158
161
753
754
162
754
162
165
755
756
166
756
166
169
757
758
170
758
170
173
759
760
174
760
174
177
761
762
178
762
178
181
763
764
182
764
182
185
765
766
186
766
186
189
767
768
190
768
190
193
769
770
194
770
194
197
771
772
198
772
198
201
773
934
522

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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525
304
529
305
533
306
537
307
541
308
545
309
549
310
553
311
557
312
561
313
565
314
569
315
573
316
577
317
581
318
585
319
589
320
593
321
597
322
601
323
605
324
609
325
613
326
617
327
621
328
625
329
629
330
633
331
637
332
641
333
645
334
649
335
653
336
657
337
661
935
2
937
2
939
2
941
2
943
2
945
2
947
2
949
2
951
2
953
2
955
2
957
2
959
2
961
2
963
2
965
2
967
2
969
2
971
2
973
2
975
2
977
2
979
2
981
2
983
2
985
2
987
2
989
2
991
2
993
2
995
2
997
2
999
2
1001
2
1003
934
522
525
935
936
526
936
526
529
937
938
530
938
530
533
939
940
534
940
534
537
941
942
538
942
538
541
943
944
542
944
542
545
945
946
546
946
546
549
947
948
550
948
550
553
949
950
554
950
554
557
951
952
558
952
558
561
953
954
562
954
562
565
955
956
566
956
566
569
957
958
570
958
570
573
959
960
574
960
574
577
961
962
578
962
578
581
963
964
582
964
582
585
965
966
586
966
586
589
967
968
590
968
590
593
969
970
594
970
594
597
971
972
598
972
598
601
973
974
602
974
602
605
975
976
606
976
606
609
977
978
610
978
610
613
979
980
614
980
614
617
981
982
618
982
618
621
983
984
622
984
622
625
985
986
626
986
626
629
987
988
630
988
630
633
989
990
634
990
634
637
991
992
638
992
638
641
993
994
642
994
642
645
995
996
646
996
646
649
997
998
650
998
650
653
999
1000
654
1000
654
657
1001
1002
658

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
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CHEXA
338
665
339
669
340
673
341
677
342
681
343
685
344
689
345
1018
346
1020
347
1022
348
1024
349
1026
350
1028
351
1030
352
1032
353
1034
354
1036
355
1038
356
1040
357
1042
358
1044
359
1046
360
1048
361
1050
362
1052
363
1054
364
1056
365
1058
366
1060
367
1062
368
1064
369
1066
370
1068
371
1070
372
Altair Engineering
2
1005
2
1007
2
1009
2
1011
2
1013
2
1015
2
1017
2
1019
2
1021
2
1023
2
1025
2
1027
2
1029
2
1031
2
1033
2
1035
2
1037
2
1039
2
1041
2
1043
2
1045
2
1047
2
1049
2
1051
2
1053
2
1055
2
1057
2
1059
2
1061
2
1063
2
1065
2
1067
2
1069
2
1071
2
1002
658
661
1003
1004
662
1004
662
665
1005
1006
666
1006
666
669
1007
1008
670
1008
670
673
1009
1010
674
1010
674
677
1011
1012
678
1012
678
681
1013
1014
682
1014
682
685
1015
1016
686
23
21
17
18
37
36
37
36
1018
1019
41
40
41
40
1020
1021
45
44
45
44
1022
1023
49
48
49
48
1024
1025
53
52
53
52
1026
1027
57
56
57
56
1028
1029
61
60
61
60
1030
1031
65
64
65
64
1032
1033
69
68
69
68
1034
1035
73
72
73
72
1036
1037
77
76
77
76
1038
1039
81
80
81
80
1040
1041
85
84
85
84
1042
1043
89
88
89
88
1044
1045
93
92
93
92
1046
1047
97
96
97
96
1048
1049
101
100
101
100
1050
1051
105
104
105
104
1052
1053
109
108
109
108
1054
1055
113
112
113
112
1056
1057
117
116
117
116
1058
1059
121
120
121
120
1060
1061
125
124
125
124
1062
1063
129
128
129
128
1064
1065
133
132
133
132
1066
1067
137
136
137
136
1068
1069
141
140
141
140
1070
1071
145
144

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1072
373
1074
374
1076
375
1078
376
1080
377
1082
378
1084
379
1086
380
1088
381
1090
382
1092
383
1094
384
1096
385
1098
386
1100
467
1262
468
1264
469
1266
470
1268
471
1270
472
1272
473
1274
474
1276
475
1278
476
1280
477
1282
478
1284
479
1286
480
1288
481
1290
482
1292
483
1294
484
1296
485
1298
486
1300
1073
2
1075
2
1077
2
1079
2
1081
2
1083
2
1085
2
1087
2
1089
2
1091
2
1093
2
1095
2
1097
2
1099
2
1101
2
1263
2
1265
2
1267
2
1269
2
1271
2
1273
2
1275
2
1277
2
1279
2
1281
2
1283
2
1285
2
1287
2
1289
2
1291
2
1293
2
1295
2
1297
2
1299
2
1301
145
144
1072
1073
149
148
149
148
1074
1075
153
152
153
152
1076
1077
157
156
157
156
1078
1079
161
160
161
160
1080
1081
165
164
165
164
1082
1083
169
168
169
168
1084
1085
173
172
173
172
1086
1087
177
176
177
176
1088
1089
181
180
181
180
1090
1091
185
184
185
184
1092
1093
189
188
189
188
1094
1095
193
192
193
192
1096
1097
197
196
197
196
1098
1099
201
200
201
200
1100
1101
525
524
525
524
1262
1263
529
528
529
528
1264
1265
533
532
533
532
1266
1267
537
536
537
536
1268
1269
541
540
541
540
1270
1271
545
544
545
544
1272
1273
549
548
549
548
1274
1275
553
552
553
552
1276
1277
557
556
557
556
1278
1279
561
560
561
560
1280
1281
565
564
565
564
1282
1283
569
568
569
568
1284
1285
573
572
573
572
1286
1287
577
576
577
576
1288
1289
581
580
581
580
1290
1291
585
584
585
584
1292
1293
589
588
589
588
1294
1295
593
592
593
592
1296
1297
597
596
597
596
1298
1299
601
600

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
487
1302
488
1304
489
1306
490
1308
491
1310
492
1312
493
1314
494
1316
495
1318
496
1320
497
1322
498
1324
499
1326
500
1328
501
1330
502
1332
503
1334
504
1336
505
1338
506
1340
507
1342
508
1344
509
1019
510
1021
511
1023
512
1025
513
1027
514
1029
515
1031
516
1033
517
1035
518
1037
519
1039
520
1041
521
Altair Engineering
2
1303
2
1305
2
1307
2
1309
2
1311
2
1313
2
1315
2
1317
2
1319
2
1321
2
1323
2
1325
2
1327
2
1329
2
1331
2
1333
2
1335
2
1337
2
1339
2
1341
2
1343
2
1345
2
1346
2
1347
2
1348
2
1349
2
1350
2
1351
2
1352
2
1353
2
1354
2
1355
2
1356
2
1357
2
601
600
1300
1301
605
604
605
604
1302
1303
609
608
609
608
1304
1305
613
612
613
612
1306
1307
617
616
617
616
1308
1309
621
620
621
620
1310
1311
625
624
625
624
1312
1313
629
628
629
628
1314
1315
633
632
633
632
1316
1317
637
636
637
636
1318
1319
641
640
641
640
1320
1321
645
644
645
644
1322
1323
649
648
649
648
1324
1325
653
652
653
652
1326
1327
657
656
657
656
1328
1329
661
660
661
660
1330
1331
665
664
665
664
1332
1333
669
668
669
668
1334
1335
673
672
673
672
1336
1337
677
676
677
676
1338
1339
681
680
681
680
1340
1341
685
684
685
684
1342
1343
689
688
20
23
18
19
691
37
691
37
1019
1346
693
41
693
41
1021
1347
695
45
695
45
1023
1348
697
49
697
49
1025
1349
699
53
699
53
1027
1350
701
57
701
57
1029
1351
703
61
703
61
1031
1352
705
65
705
65
1033
1353
707
69
707
69
1035
1354
709
73
709
73
1037
1355
711
77
711
77
1039
1356
713
81
713
81
1041
1357
715
85

+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1043
522
1045
523
1047
524
1049
525
1051
526
1053
527
1055
528
1057
529
1059
530
1061
531
1063
532
1065
533
1067
534
1069
535
1071
536
1073
537
1075
538
1077
539
1079
540
1081
541
1083
542
1085
543
1087
544
1089
545
1091
546
1093
547
1095
548
1097
549
1099
550
1101
631
1263
632
1265
633
1267
634
1269
635
1271
1358
2
1359
2
1360
2
1361
2
1362
2
1363
2
1364
2
1365
2
1366
2
1367
2
1368
2
1369
2
1370
2
1371
2
1372
2
1373
2
1374
2
1375
2
1376
2
1377
2
1378
2
1379
2
1380
2
1381
2
1382
2
1383
2
1384
2
1385
2
1386
2
1387
2
1468
2
1469
2
1470
2
1471
2
1472
715
85
1043
1358
717
89
717
89
1045
1359
719
93
719
93
1047
1360
721
97
721
97
1049
1361
723
101
723
101
1051
1362
725
105
725
105
1053
1363
727
109
727
109
1055
1364
729
113
729
113
1057
1365
731
117
731
117
1059
1366
733
121
733
121
1061
1367
735
125
735
125
1063
1368
737
129
737
129
1065
1369
739
133
739
133
1067
1370
741
137
741
137
1069
1371
743
141
743
141
1071
1372
745
145
745
145
1073
1373
747
149
747
149
1075
1374
749
153
749
153
1077
1375
751
157
751
157
1079
1376
753
161
753
161
1081
1377
755
165
755
165
1083
1378
757
169
757
169
1085
1379
759
173
759
173
1087
1380
761
177
761
177
1089
1381
763
181
763
181
1091
1382
765
185
765
185
1093
1383
767
189
767
189
1095
1384
769
193
769
193
1097
1385
771
197
771
197
1099
1386
773
201
773
201
1101
1387
935
525
935
525
1263
1468
937
529
937
529
1265
1469
939
533
939
533
1267
1470
941
537
941
537
1269
1471
943
541

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
636
1273
637
1275
638
1277
639
1279
640
1281
641
1283
642
1285
643
1287
644
1289
645
1291
646
1293
647
1295
648
1297
649
1299
650
1301
651
1303
652
1305
653
1307
654
1309
655
1311
656
1313
657
1315
658
1317
659
1319
660
1321
661
1323
662
1325
663
1327
664
1329
665
1331
666
1333
667
1335
668
1337
669
1339
670
Altair Engineering
2
1473
2
1474
2
1475
2
1476
2
1477
2
1478
2
1479
2
1480
2
1481
2
1482
2
1483
2
1484
2
1485
2
1486
2
1487
2
1488
2
1489
2
1490
2
1491
2
1492
2
1493
2
1494
2
1495
2
1496
2
1497
2
1498
2
1499
2
1500
2
1501
2
1502
2
1503
2
1504
2
1505
2
1506
2
943
541
1271
1472
945
545
945
545
1273
1473
947
549
947
549
1275
1474
949
553
949
553
1277
1475
951
557
951
557
1279
1476
953
561
953
561
1281
1477
955
565
955
565
1283
1478
957
569
957
569
1285
1479
959
573
959
573
1287
1480
961
577
961
577
1289
1481
963
581
963
581
1291
1482
965
585
965
585
1293
1483
967
589
967
589
1295
1484
969
593
969
593
1297
1485
971
597
971
597
1299
1486
973
601
973
601
1301
1487
975
605
975
605
1303
1488
977
609
977
609
1305
1489
979
613
979
613
1307
1490
981
617
981
617
1309
1491
983
621
983
621
1311
1492
985
625
985
625
1313
1493
987
629
987
629
1315
1494
989
633
989
633
1317
1495
991
637
991
637
1319
1496
993
641
993
641
1321
1497
995
645
995
645
1323
1498
997
649
997
649
1325
1499
999
653
999
653
1327
1500
1001
657
1001
657
1329
1501
1003
661
1003
661
1331
1502
1005
665
1005
665
1333
1503
1007
669
1007
669
1335
1504
1009
673
1009
673
1337
1505
1011
677
1011
677
1339
1506
1013
681

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1341
671
1343
672
1345
673
1512
674
1516
675
1520
676
1524
677
1528
678
1532
679
1536
680
1540
681
1544
682
1548
683
1552
684
1556
685
1560
686
1564
687
1568
688
1572
689
1576
690
1580
691
1584
692
1588
693
1592
694
1596
695
1600
696
1604
697
1608
698
1612
699
1616
700
1620
701
1624
702
1628
703
1632
704
1636
1507
2
1508
2
1509
2
1513
2
1517
2
1521
2
1525
2
1529
2
1533
2
1537
2
1541
2
1545
2
1549
2
1553
2
1557
2
1561
2
1565
2
1569
2
1573
2
1577
2
1581
2
1585
2
1589
2
1593
2
1597
2
1601
2
1605
2
1609
2
1613
2
1617
2
1621
2
1625
2
1629
2
1633
2
1637
1013
681
1341
1507
1015
685
1015
685
1343
1508
1017
689
12
13
14
22
1510
1511
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1602
1603
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1625
1626
1627
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
705
1640
706
1644
707
1648
708
1652
709
1656
710
1660
711
1664
712
1668
713
1672
714
1676
795
2000
796
2004
797
2008
798
2012
799
2016
800
2020
801
2024
802
2028
803
2032
804
2036
805
2040
806
2044
807
2048
808
2052
809
2056
810
2060
811
2064
812
2068
813
2072
814
2076
815
2080
816
2084
817
2088
818
2092
819
Altair Engineering
2
1641
2
1645
2
1649
2
1653
2
1657
2
1661
2
1665
2
1669
2
1673
2
1677
2
2001
2
2005
2
2009
2
2013
2
2017
2
2021
2
2025
2
2029
2
2033
2
2037
2
2041
2
2045
2
2049
2
2053
2
2057
2
2061
2
2065
2
2069
2
2073
2
2077
2
2081
2
2085
2
2089
2
2093
2
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1674
1675
1676
1677
1998
1999
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095

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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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2096
820
2100
821
2104
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2108
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2112
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2116
825
2120
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2124
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2128
828
2132
829
2136
830
2140
831
2144
832
2148
833
2152
834
2156
835
2160
836
2164
837
1513
838
1517
839
1521
840
1525
841
1529
842
1533
843
1537
844
1541
845
1545
846
1549
847
1553
848
1557
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1561
850
1565
851
1569
852
1573
853
1577
2097
2
2101
2
2105
2
2109
2
2113
2
2117
2
2121
2
2125
2
2129
2
2133
2
2137
2
2141
2
2145
2
2149
2
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2
2157
2
2161
2
2165
2
36
2
40
2
44
2
48
2
52
2
56
2
60
2
64
2
68
2
72
2
76
2
80
2
84
2
88
2
92
2
96
2
100
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
11
12
22
21
35
1510
35
1510
1513
36
39
1514
39
1514
1517
40
43
1518
43
1518
1521
44
47
1522
47
1522
1525
48
51
1526
51
1526
1529
52
55
1530
55
1530
1533
56
59
1534
59
1534
1537
60
63
1538
63
1538
1541
64
67
1542
67
1542
1545
68
71
1546
71
1546
1549
72
75
1550
75
1550
1553
76
79
1554
79
1554
1557
80
83
1558
83
1558
1561
84
87
1562
87
1562
1565
88
91
1566
91
1566
1569
92
95
1570
95
1570
1573
96
99
1574

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
854
1581
855
1585
856
1589
857
1593
858
1597
859
1601
860
1605
861
1609
862
1613
863
1617
864
1621
865
1625
866
1629
867
1633
868
1637
869
1641
870
1645
871
1649
872
1653
873
1657
874
1661
875
1665
876
1669
877
1673
878
1677
959
2001
960
2005
961
2009
962
2013
963
2017
964
2021
965
2025
966
2029
967
2033
968
Altair Engineering
2
104
2
108
2
112
2
116
2
120
2
124
2
128
2
132
2
136
2
140
2
144
2
148
2
152
2
156
2
160
2
164
2
168
2
172
2
176
2
180
2
184
2
188
2
192
2
196
2
200
2
524
2
528
2
532
2
536
2
540
2
544
2
548
2
552
2
556
2
99
1574
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100
103
1578
103
1578
1581
104
107
1582
107
1582
1585
108
111
1586
111
1586
1589
112
115
1590
115
1590
1593
116
119
1594
119
1594
1597
120
123
1598
123
1598
1601
124
127
1602
127
1602
1605
128
131
1606
131
1606
1609
132
135
1610
135
1610
1613
136
139
1614
139
1614
1617
140
143
1618
143
1618
1621
144
147
1622
147
1622
1625
148
151
1626
151
1626
1629
152
155
1630
155
1630
1633
156
159
1634
159
1634
1637
160
163
1638
163
1638
1641
164
167
1642
167
1642
1645
168
171
1646
171
1646
1649
172
175
1650
175
1650
1653
176
179
1654
179
1654
1657
180
183
1658
183
1658
1661
184
187
1662
187
1662
1665
188
191
1666
191
1666
1669
192
195
1670
195
1670
1673
196
199
1674
199
1674
1677
200
523
1998
523
1998
2001
524
527
2002
527
2002
2005
528
531
2006
531
2006
2009
532
535
2010
535
2010
2013
536
539
2014
539
2014
2017
540
543
2018
543
2018
2021
544
547
2022
547
2022
2025
548
551
2026
551
2026
2029
552
555
2030
555
2030
2033
556
559
2034

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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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2037
969
2041
970
2045
971
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972
2053
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2057
974
2061
975
2065
976
2069
977
2073
978
2077
979
2081
980
2085
981
2089
982
2093
983
2097
984
2101
985
2105
986
2109
987
2113
988
2117
989
2121
990
2125
991
2129
992
2133
993
2137
994
2141
995
2145
996
2149
997
2153
998
2157
999
2161
1000
2165
1001
2166
1002
2168
560
2
564
2
568
2
572
2
576
2
580
2
584
2
588
2
592
2
596
2
600
2
604
2
608
2
612
2
616
2
620
2
624
2
628
2
632
2
636
2
640
2
644
2
648
2
652
2
656
2
660
2
664
2
668
2
672
2
676
2
680
2
684
2
688
2
2167
2
2169
559
2034
2037
560
563
2038
563
2038
2041
564
567
2042
567
2042
2045
568
571
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571
2046
2049
572
575
2050
575
2050
2053
576
579
2054
579
2054
2057
580
583
2058
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2058
2061
584
587
2062
587
2062
2065
588
591
2066
591
2066
2069
592
595
2070
595
2070
2073
596
599
2074
599
2074
2077
600
603
2078
603
2078
2081
604
607
2082
607
2082
2085
608
611
2086
611
2086
2089
612
615
2090
615
2090
2093
616
619
2094
619
2094
2097
620
623
2098
623
2098
2101
624
627
2102
627
2102
2105
628
631
2106
631
2106
2109
632
635
2110
635
2110
2113
636
639
2114
639
2114
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640
643
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643
2118
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644
647
2122
647
2122
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648
651
2126
651
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652
655
2130
655
2130
2133
656
659
2134
659
2134
2137
660
663
2138
663
2138
2141
664
667
2142
667
2142
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668
671
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671
2146
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672
675
2150
675
2150
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676
679
2154
679
2154
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680
683
2158
683
2158
2161
684
687
2162
22
14
15
16
1513
1512
1513
1512
2166
2167
1517
1516

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1003
2170
1004
2172
1005
2174
1006
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2178
1008
2180
1009
2182
1010
2184
1011
2186
1012
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1013
2190
1014
2192
1015
2194
1016
2196
1017
2198
1018
2200
1019
2202
1020
2204
1021
2206
1022
2208
1023
2210
1024
2212
1025
2214
1026
2216
1027
2218
1028
2220
1029
2222
1030
2224
1031
2226
1032
2228
1033
2230
1034
2232
1035
2234
1036
2236
1037
Altair Engineering
2
2171
2
2173
2
2175
2
2177
2
2179
2
2181
2
2183
2
2185
2
2187
2
2189
2
2191
2
2193
2
2195
2
2197
2
2199
2
2201
2
2203
2
2205
2
2207
2
2209
2
2211
2
2213
2
2215
2
2217
2
2219
2
2221
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2223
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2225
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2227
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2229
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2231
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1517
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2169
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2171
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1528
1529
1528
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2175
1533
1532
1533
1532
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2177
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1536
1537
1536
2178
2179
1541
1540
1541
1540
2180
2181
1545
1544
1545
1544
2182
2183
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1548
1549
1548
2184
2185
1553
1552
1553
1552
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1556
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1565
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1568
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2194
2195
1573
1572
1573
1572
2196
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1577
1576
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1576
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2199
1581
1580
1581
1580
2200
2201
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1584
1585
1584
2202
2203
1589
1588
1589
1588
2204
2205
1593
1592
1593
1592
2206
2207
1597
1596
1597
1596
2208
2209
1601
1600
1601
1600
2210
2211
1605
1604
1605
1604
2212
2213
1609
1608
1609
1608
2214
2215
1613
1612
1613
1612
2216
2217
1617
1616
1617
1616
2218
2219
1621
1620
1621
1620
2220
2221
1625
1624
1625
1624
2222
2223
1629
1628
1629
1628
2224
2225
1633
1632
1633
1632
2226
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1637
1636
1637
1636
2228
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1641
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2230
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2232
2233
1649
1648
1649
1648
2234
2235
1653
1652
1653
1652
2236
2237
1657
1656

+
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CHEXA
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2238
1038
2240
1039
2242
1040
2244
1041
2246
1042
2248
1123
2410
1124
2412
1125
2414
1126
2416
1127
2418
1128
2420
1129
2422
1130
2424
1131
2426
1132
2428
1133
2430
1134
2432
1135
2434
1136
2436
1137
2438
1138
2440
1139
2442
1140
2444
1141
2446
1142
2448
1143
2450
1144
2452
1145
2454
1146
2456
1147
2458
1148
2460
1149
2462
1150
2464
1151
2466
2239
2
2241
2
2243
2
2245
2
2247
2
2249
2
2411
2
2413
2
2415
2
2417
2
2419
2
2421
2
2423
2
2425
2
2427
2
2429
2
2431
2
2433
2
2435
2
2437
2
2439
2
2441
2
2443
2
2445
2
2447
2
2449
2
2451
2
2453
2
2455
2
2457
2
2459
2
2461
2
2463
2
2465
2
2467
1657
1656
2238
2239
1661
1660
1661
1660
2240
2241
1665
1664
1665
1664
2242
2243
1669
1668
1669
1668
2244
2245
1673
1672
1673
1672
2246
2247
1677
1676
1677
1676
2248
2249
2001
2000
2001
2000
2410
2411
2005
2004
2005
2004
2412
2413
2009
2008
2009
2008
2414
2415
2013
2012
2013
2012
2416
2417
2017
2016
2017
2016
2418
2419
2021
2020
2021
2020
2420
2421
2025
2024
2025
2024
2422
2423
2029
2028
2029
2028
2424
2425
2033
2032
2033
2032
2426
2427
2037
2036
2037
2036
2428
2429
2041
2040
2041
2040
2430
2431
2045
2044
2045
2044
2432
2433
2049
2048
2049
2048
2434
2435
2053
2052
2053
2052
2436
2437
2057
2056
2057
2056
2438
2439
2061
2060
2061
2060
2440
2441
2065
2064
2065
2064
2442
2443
2069
2068
2069
2068
2444
2445
2073
2072
2073
2072
2446
2447
2077
2076
2077
2076
2448
2449
2081
2080
2081
2080
2450
2451
2085
2084
2085
2084
2452
2453
2089
2088
2089
2088
2454
2455
2093
2092
2093
2092
2456
2457
2097
2096
2097
2096
2458
2459
2101
2100
2101
2100
2460
2461
2105
2104
2105
2104
2462
2463
2109
2108
2109
2108
2464
2465
2113
2112

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
1152
2468
1153
2470
1154
2472
1155
2474
1156
2476
1157
2478
1158
2480
1159
2482
1160
2484
1161
2486
1162
2488
1163
2490
1164
2492
1165
2167
1166
2169
1167
2171
1168
2173
1169
2175
1170
2177
1171
2179
1172
2181
1173
2183
1174
2185
1175
2187
1176
2189
1177
2191
1178
2193
1179
2195
1180
2197
1181
2199
1182
2201
1183
2203
1184
2205
1185
2207
1186
Altair Engineering
2
2469
2
2471
2
2473
2
2475
2
2477
2
2479
2
2481
2
2483
2
2485
2
2487
2
2489
2
2491
2
2493
2
1018
2
1020
2
1022
2
1024
2
1026
2
1028
2
1030
2
1032
2
1034
2
1036
2
1038
2
1040
2
1042
2
1044
2
1046
2
1048
2
1050
2
1052
2
1054
2
1056
2
1058
2
2113
2112
2466
2467
2117
2116
2117
2116
2468
2469
2121
2120
2121
2120
2470
2471
2125
2124
2125
2124
2472
2473
2129
2128
2129
2128
2474
2475
2133
2132
2133
2132
2476
2477
2137
2136
2137
2136
2478
2479
2141
2140
2141
2140
2480
2481
2145
2144
2145
2144
2482
2483
2149
2148
2149
2148
2484
2485
2153
2152
2153
2152
2486
2487
2157
2156
2157
2156
2488
2489
2161
2160
2161
2160
2490
2491
2165
2164
21
22
16
17
36
1513
36
1513
2167
1018
40
1517
40
1517
2169
1020
44
1521
44
1521
2171
1022
48
1525
48
1525
2173
1024
52
1529
52
1529
2175
1026
56
1533
56
1533
2177
1028
60
1537
60
1537
2179
1030
64
1541
64
1541
2181
1032
68
1545
68
1545
2183
1034
72
1549
72
1549
2185
1036
76
1553
76
1553
2187
1038
80
1557
80
1557
2189
1040
84
1561
84
1561
2191
1042
88
1565
88
1565
2193
1044
92
1569
92
1569
2195
1046
96
1573
96
1573
2197
1048
100
1577
100
1577
2199
1050
104
1581
104
1581
2201
1052
108
1585
108
1585
2203
1054
112
1589
112
1589
2205
1056
116
1593
116
1593
2207
1058
120
1597

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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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2209
1187
2211
1188
2213
1189
2215
1190
2217
1191
2219
1192
2221
1193
2223
1194
2225
1195
2227
1196
2229
1197
2231
1198
2233
1199
2235
1200
2237
1201
2239
1202
2241
1203
2243
1204
2245
1205
2247
1206
2249
1287
2411
1288
2413
1289
2415
1290
2417
1291
2419
1292
2421
1293
2423
1294
2425
1295
2427
1296
2429
1297
2431
1298
2433
1299
2435
1300
2437
1060
2
1062
2
1064
2
1066
2
1068
2
1070
2
1072
2
1074
2
1076
2
1078
2
1080
2
1082
2
1084
2
1086
2
1088
2
1090
2
1092
2
1094
2
1096
2
1098
2
1100
2
1262
2
1264
2
1266
2
1268
2
1270
2
1272
2
1274
2
1276
2
1278
2
1280
2
1282
2
1284
2
1286
2
1288
120
1597
2209
1060
124
1601
124
1601
2211
1062
128
1605
128
1605
2213
1064
132
1609
132
1609
2215
1066
136
1613
136
1613
2217
1068
140
1617
140
1617
2219
1070
144
1621
144
1621
2221
1072
148
1625
148
1625
2223
1074
152
1629
152
1629
2225
1076
156
1633
156
1633
2227
1078
160
1637
160
1637
2229
1080
164
1641
164
1641
2231
1082
168
1645
168
1645
2233
1084
172
1649
172
1649
2235
1086
176
1653
176
1653
2237
1088
180
1657
180
1657
2239
1090
184
1661
184
1661
2241
1092
188
1665
188
1665
2243
1094
192
1669
192
1669
2245
1096
196
1673
196
1673
2247
1098
200
1677
200
1677
2249
1100
524
2001
524
2001
2411
1262
528
2005
528
2005
2413
1264
532
2009
532
2009
2415
1266
536
2013
536
2013
2417
1268
540
2017
540
2017
2419
1270
544
2021
544
2021
2421
1272
548
2025
548
2025
2423
1274
552
2029
552
2029
2425
1276
556
2033
556
2033
2427
1278
560
2037
560
2037
2429
1280
564
2041
564
2041
2431
1282
568
2045
568
2045
2433
1284
572
2049
572
2049
2435
1286
576
2053

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1301
2439
1302
2441
1303
2443
1304
2445
1305
2447
1306
2449
1307
2451
1308
2453
1309
2455
1310
2457
1311
2459
1312
2461
1313
2463
1314
2465
1315
2467
1316
2469
1317
2471
1318
2473
1319
2475
1320
2477
1321
2479
1322
2481
1323
2483
1324
2485
1325
2487
1326
2489
1327
2491
1328
2493
1329
35
1330
39
1331
43
1332
47
1333
51
1334
55
1335
Altair Engineering
2
1290
2
1292
2
1294
2
1296
2
1298
2
1300
2
1302
2
1304
2
1306
2
1308
2
1310
2
1312
2
1314
2
1316
2
1318
2
1320
2
1322
2
1324
2
1326
2
1328
2
1330
2
1332
2
1334
2
1336
2
1338
2
1340
2
1342
2
1344
2
2495
2
2497
2
2499
2
2501
2
2503
2
2505
2
576
2053
2437
1288
580
2057
580
2057
2439
1290
584
2061
584
2061
2441
1292
588
2065
588
2065
2443
1294
592
2069
592
2069
2445
1296
596
2073
596
2073
2447
1298
600
2077
600
2077
2449
1300
604
2081
604
2081
2451
1302
608
2085
608
2085
2453
1304
612
2089
612
2089
2455
1306
616
2093
616
2093
2457
1308
620
2097
620
2097
2459
1310
624
2101
624
2101
2461
1312
628
2105
628
2105
2463
1314
632
2109
632
2109
2465
1316
636
2113
636
2113
2467
1318
640
2117
640
2117
2469
1320
644
2121
644
2121
2471
1322
648
2125
648
2125
2473
1324
652
2129
652
2129
2475
1326
656
2133
656
2133
2477
1328
660
2137
660
2137
2479
1330
664
2141
664
2141
2481
1332
668
2145
668
2145
2483
1334
672
2149
672
2149
2485
1336
676
2153
676
2153
2487
1338
680
2157
680
2157
2489
1340
684
2161
684
2161
2491
1342
688
2165
33
12
11
31
2494
1510
2494
1510
35
2495
2496
1514
2496
1514
39
2497
2498
1518
2498
1518
43
2499
2500
1522
2500
1522
47
2501
2502
1526
2502
1526
51
2503
2504
1530
2504
1530
55
2505
2506
1534

+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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59
1336
63
1337
67
1338
71
1339
75
1340
79
1341
83
1342
87
1343
91
1344
95
1345
99
1346
103
1347
107
1348
111
1349
115
1350
119
1351
123
1352
127
1353
131
1354
135
1355
139
1356
143
1357
147
1358
151
1359
155
1360
159
1361
163
1362
167
1363
171
1364
175
1365
179
1366
183
1367
187
1368
191
1369
195
2507
2
2509
2
2511
2
2513
2
2515
2
2517
2
2519
2
2521
2
2523
2
2525
2
2527
2
2529
2
2531
2
2533
2
2535
2
2537
2
2539
2
2541
2
2543
2
2545
2
2547
2
2549
2
2551
2
2553
2
2555
2
2557
2
2559
2
2561
2
2563
2
2565
2
2567
2
2569
2
2571
2
2573
2
2575
2506
1534
59
2507
2508
1538
2508
1538
63
2509
2510
1542
2510
1542
67
2511
2512
1546
2512
1546
71
2513
2514
1550
2514
1550
75
2515
2516
1554
2516
1554
79
2517
2518
1558
2518
1558
83
2519
2520
1562
2520
1562
87
2521
2522
1566
2522
1566
91
2523
2524
1570
2524
1570
95
2525
2526
1574
2526
1574
99
2527
2528
1578
2528
1578
103
2529
2530
1582
2530
1582
107
2531
2532
1586
2532
1586
111
2533
2534
1590
2534
1590
115
2535
2536
1594
2536
1594
119
2537
2538
1598
2538
1598
123
2539
2540
1602
2540
1602
127
2541
2542
1606
2542
1606
131
2543
2544
1610
2544
1610
135
2545
2546
1614
2546
1614
139
2547
2548
1618
2548
1618
143
2549
2550
1622
2550
1622
147
2551
2552
1626
2552
1626
151
2553
2554
1630
2554
1630
155
2555
2556
1634
2556
1634
159
2557
2558
1638
2558
1638
163
2559
2560
1642
2560
1642
167
2561
2562
1646
2562
1646
171
2563
2564
1650
2564
1650
175
2565
2566
1654
2566
1654
179
2567
2568
1658
2568
1658
183
2569
2570
1662
2570
1662
187
2571
2572
1666
2572
1666
191
2573
2574
1670

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1370
199
1451
523
1452
527
1453
531
1454
535
1455
539
1456
543
1457
547
1458
551
1459
555
1460
559
1461
563
1462
567
1463
571
1464
575
1465
579
1466
583
1467
587
1468
591
1469
595
1470
599
1471
603
1472
607
1473
611
1474
615
1475
619
1476
623
1477
627
1478
631
1479
635
1480
639
1481
643
1482
647
1483
651
1484
Altair Engineering
2
2577
2
2739
2
2741
2
2743
2
2745
2
2747
2
2749
2
2751
2
2753
2
2755
2
2757
2
2759
2
2761
2
2763
2
2765
2
2767
2
2769
2
2771
2
2773
2
2775
2
2777
2
2779
2
2781
2
2783
2
2785
2
2787
2
2789
2
2791
2
2793
2
2795
2
2797
2
2799
2
2801
2
2803
2
2574
1670
195
2575
2576
1674
2576
1674
199
2577
2738
1998
2738
1998
523
2739
2740
2002
2740
2002
527
2741
2742
2006
2742
2006
531
2743
2744
2010
2744
2010
535
2745
2746
2014
2746
2014
539
2747
2748
2018
2748
2018
543
2749
2750
2022
2750
2022
547
2751
2752
2026
2752
2026
551
2753
2754
2030
2754
2030
555
2755
2756
2034
2756
2034
559
2757
2758
2038
2758
2038
563
2759
2760
2042
2760
2042
567
2761
2762
2046
2762
2046
571
2763
2764
2050
2764
2050
575
2765
2766
2054
2766
2054
579
2767
2768
2058
2768
2058
583
2769
2770
2062
2770
2062
587
2771
2772
2066
2772
2066
591
2773
2774
2070
2774
2070
595
2775
2776
2074
2776
2074
599
2777
2778
2078
2778
2078
603
2779
2780
2082
2780
2082
607
2781
2782
2086
2782
2086
611
2783
2784
2090
2784
2090
615
2785
2786
2094
2786
2094
619
2787
2788
2098
2788
2098
623
2789
2790
2102
2790
2102
627
2791
2792
2106
2792
2106
631
2793
2794
2110
2794
2110
635
2795
2796
2114
2796
2114
639
2797
2798
2118
2798
2118
643
2799
2800
2122
2800
2122
647
2801
2802
2126
2802
2126
651
2803
2804
2130

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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655
1485
659
1486
663
1487
667
1488
671
1489
675
1490
679
1491
683
1492
687
1493
1510
1494
1514
1495
1518
1496
1522
1497
1526
1498
1530
1499
1534
1500
1538
1501
1542
1502
1546
1503
1550
1504
1554
1505
1558
1506
1562
1507
1566
1508
1570
1509
1574
1510
1578
1511
1582
1512
1586
1513
1590
1514
1594
1515
1598
1516
1602
1517
1606
1518
1610
2805
2
2807
2
2809
2
2811
2
2813
2
2815
2
2817
2
2819
2
2821
2
2494
2
2496
2
2498
2
2500
2
2502
2
2504
2
2506
2
2508
2
2510
2
2512
2
2514
2
2516
2
2518
2
2520
2
2522
2
2524
2
2526
2
2528
2
2530
2
2532
2
2534
2
2536
2
2538
2
2540
2
2542
2
2544
2804
2130
655
2805
2806
2134
2806
2134
659
2807
2808
2138
2808
2138
663
2809
2810
2142
2810
2142
667
2811
2812
2146
2812
2146
671
2813
2814
2150
2814
2150
675
2815
2816
2154
2816
2154
679
2817
2818
2158
2818
2158
683
2819
2820
2162
30
13
12
33
2822
1511
2822
1511
1510
2494
2823
1515
2823
1515
1514
2496
2824
1519
2824
1519
1518
2498
2825
1523
2825
1523
1522
2500
2826
1527
2826
1527
1526
2502
2827
1531
2827
1531
1530
2504
2828
1535
2828
1535
1534
2506
2829
1539
2829
1539
1538
2508
2830
1543
2830
1543
1542
2510
2831
1547
2831
1547
1546
2512
2832
1551
2832
1551
1550
2514
2833
1555
2833
1555
1554
2516
2834
1559
2834
1559
1558
2518
2835
1563
2835
1563
1562
2520
2836
1567
2836
1567
1566
2522
2837
1571
2837
1571
1570
2524
2838
1575
2838
1575
1574
2526
2839
1579
2839
1579
1578
2528
2840
1583
2840
1583
1582
2530
2841
1587
2841
1587
1586
2532
2842
1591
2842
1591
1590
2534
2843
1595
2843
1595
1594
2536
2844
1599
2844
1599
1598
2538
2845
1603
2845
1603
1602
2540
2846
1607
2846
1607
1606
2542
2847
1611

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1519
1614
1520
1618
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1626
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1630
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1634
1525
1638
1526
1642
1527
1646
1528
1650
1529
1654
1530
1658
1531
1662
1532
1666
1533
1670
1534
1674
1615
1998
1616
2002
1617
2006
1618
2010
1619
2014
1620
2018
1621
2022
1622
2026
1623
2030
1624
2034
1625
2038
1626
2042
1627
2046
1628
2050
1629
2054
1630
2058
1631
2062
1632
2066
1633
Altair Engineering
2
2546
2
2548
2
2550
2
2552
2
2554
2
2556
2
2558
2
2560
2
2562
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2568
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2570
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2738
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1627
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1626
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2852
1631
2852
1631
1630
2554
2853
1635
2853
1635
1634
2556
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1639
2854
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1643
2855
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1642
2560
2856
1647
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1647
1646
2562
2857
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1651
1650
2564
2858
1655
2858
1655
1654
2566
2859
1659
2859
1659
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2568
2860
1663
2860
1663
1662
2570
2861
1667
2861
1667
1666
2572
2862
1671
2862
1671
1670
2574
2863
1675
2863
1675
1674
2576
2944
1999
2944
1999
1998
2738
2945
2003
2945
2003
2002
2740
2946
2007
2946
2007
2006
2742
2947
2011
2947
2011
2010
2744
2948
2015
2948
2015
2014
2746
2949
2019
2949
2019
2018
2748
2950
2023
2950
2023
2022
2750
2951
2027
2951
2027
2026
2752
2952
2031
2952
2031
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2754
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2035
2953
2035
2034
2756
2954
2039
2954
2039
2038
2758
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2043
2955
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2760
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2762
2957
2051
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2764
2958
2055
2958
2055
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2766
2959
2059
2959
2059
2058
2768
2960
2063
2960
2063
2062
2770
2961
2067
2961
2067
2066
2772
2962
2071

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CHEXA
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2070
1634
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2110
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2513
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2
2776
2
2778
2
2780
2
2782
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2784
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2786
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2788
2
2790
2
2792
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2794
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2796
2
2798
2
2800
2
2802
2
2804
2
2806
2
2808
2
2810
2
2812
2
2814
2
2816
2
2818
2
2820
2
2987
2
2989
2
2991
2
2993
2
2995
2
2997
2
2999
2
3001
2
3003
2
3005
2
3007
2962
2071
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2774
2963
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2963
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2074
2776
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2079
2964
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2078
2778
2965
2083
2965
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2082
2780
2966
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2966
2087
2086
2782
2967
2091
2967
2091
2090
2784
2968
2095
2968
2095
2094
2786
2969
2099
2969
2099
2098
2788
2970
2103
2970
2103
2102
2790
2971
2107
2971
2107
2106
2792
2972
2111
2972
2111
2110
2794
2973
2115
2973
2115
2114
2796
2974
2119
2974
2119
2118
2798
2975
2123
2975
2123
2122
2800
2976
2127
2976
2127
2126
2802
2977
2131
2977
2131
2130
2804
2978
2135
2978
2135
2134
2806
2979
2139
2979
2139
2138
2808
2980
2143
2980
2143
2142
2810
2981
2147
2981
2147
2146
2812
2982
2151
2982
2151
2150
2814
2983
2155
2983
2155
2154
2816
2984
2159
2984
2159
2158
2818
2985
2163
28
33
31
27
2986
2494
2986
2494
2495
2987
2988
2496
2988
2496
2497
2989
2990
2498
2990
2498
2499
2991
2992
2500
2992
2500
2501
2993
2994
2502
2994
2502
2503
2995
2996
2504
2996
2504
2505
2997
2998
2506
2998
2506
2507
2999
3000
2508
3000
2508
2509
3001
3002
2510
3002
2510
2511
3003
3004
2512
3004
2512
2513
3005
3006
2514

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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1668
2517
1669
2519
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2521
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2525
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2527
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2529
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2531
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2533
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2535
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2539
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2559
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2563
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2565
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2569
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2571
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2573
1697
2575
1698
2577
1779
2739
1780
2741
1781
2743
1782
Altair Engineering
2
3009
2
3011
2
3013
2
3015
2
3017
2
3019
2
3021
2
3023
2
3025
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3027
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3029
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3031
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3033
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3035
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3037
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3065
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3069
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3231
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3233
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3235
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2518
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2520
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2522
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2522
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2524
2525
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2526
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2526
2527
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3020
2528
3020
2528
2529
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3022
2530
3022
2530
2531
3023
3024
2532
3024
2532
2533
3025
3026
2534
3026
2534
2535
3027
3028
2536
3028
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2537
3029
3030
2538
3030
2538
2539
3031
3032
2540
3032
2540
2541
3033
3034
2542
3034
2542
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3035
3036
2544
3036
2544
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3037
3038
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3038
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3039
3040
2548
3040
2548
2549
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3042
2550
3042
2550
2551
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3044
2552
3044
2552
2553
3045
3046
2554
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2554
2555
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3048
2556
3048
2556
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3049
3050
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2559
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3052
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2562
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2564
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2576
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2576
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3230
2738
2739
3231
3232
2740
3232
2740
2741
3233
3234
2742
3234
2742
2743
3235
3236
2744

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2745
1783
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2759
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2761
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2765
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2767
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2769
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2773
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2775
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2777
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2779
1800
2781
1801
2783
1802
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2803
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2805
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2807
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2809
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2811
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2813
3237
2
3239
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3241
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2758
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3260
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3268
2776
3268
2776
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3270
2778
3270
2778
2779
3271
3272
2780
3272
2780
2781
3273
3274
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2782
2783
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3276
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3276
2784
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3278
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3278
2786
2787
3279
3280
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3280
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2789
3281
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3291
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2800
3292
2800
2801
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2802
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2802
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3296
2804
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2804
2805
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2806
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2806
2807
3299
3300
2808
3300
2808
2809
3301
3302
2810
3302
2810
2811
3303
3304
2812

Altair Engineering
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+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
1817
2815
1818
2817
1819
2819
1820
2821
1821
2494
1822
2496
1823
2498
1824
2500
1825
2502
1826
2504
1827
2506
1828
2508
1829
2510
1830
2512
1831
2514
1832
2516
1833
2518
1834
2520
1835
2522
1836
2524
1837
2526
1838
2528
1839
2530
1840
2532
1841
2534
1842
2536
1843
2538
1844
2540
1845
2542
1846
2544
1847
2546
1848
2548
1849
2550
1850
2552
1851
Altair Engineering
2
3307
2
3309
2
3311
2
3313
2
2986
2
2988
2
2990
2
2992
2
2994
2
2996
2
2998
2
3000
2
3002
2
3004
2
3006
2
3008
2
3010
2
3012
2
3014
2
3016
2
3018
2
3020
2
3022
2
3024
2
3026
2
3028
2
3030
2
3032
2
3034
2
3036
2
3038
2
3040
2
3042
2
3044
2
3304
2812
2813
3305
3306
2814
3306
2814
2815
3307
3308
2816
3308
2816
2817
3309
3310
2818
3310
2818
2819
3311
3312
2820
29
30
33
28
3314
2822
3314
2822
2494
2986
3315
2823
3315
2823
2496
2988
3316
2824
3316
2824
2498
2990
3317
2825
3317
2825
2500
2992
3318
2826
3318
2826
2502
2994
3319
2827
3319
2827
2504
2996
3320
2828
3320
2828
2506
2998
3321
2829
3321
2829
2508
3000
3322
2830
3322
2830
2510
3002
3323
2831
3323
2831
2512
3004
3324
2832
3324
2832
2514
3006
3325
2833
3325
2833
2516
3008
3326
2834
3326
2834
2518
3010
3327
2835
3327
2835
2520
3012
3328
2836
3328
2836
2522
3014
3329
2837
3329
2837
2524
3016
3330
2838
3330
2838
2526
3018
3331
2839
3331
2839
2528
3020
3332
2840
3332
2840
2530
3022
3333
2841
3333
2841
2532
3024
3334
2842
3334
2842
2534
3026
3335
2843
3335
2843
2536
3028
3336
2844
3336
2844
2538
3030
3337
2845
3337
2845
2540
3032
3338
2846
3338
2846
2542
3034
3339
2847
3339
2847
2544
3036
3340
2848
3340
2848
2546
3038
3341
2849
3341
2849
2548
3040
3342
2850
3342
2850
2550
3042
3343
2851
3343
2851
2552
3044
3344
2852

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
2554
1852
2556
1853
2558
1854
2560
1855
2562
1856
2564
1857
2566
1858
2568
1859
2570
1860
2572
1861
2574
1862
2576
1943
2738
1944
2740
1945
2742
1946
2744
1947
2746
1948
2748
1949
2750
1950
2752
1951
2754
1952
2756
1953
2758
1954
2760
1955
2762
1956
2764
1957
2766
1958
2768
1959
2770
1960
2772
1961
2774
1962
2776
1963
2778
1964
2780
1965
2782
3046
2
3048
2
3050
2
3052
2
3054
2
3056
2
3058
2
3060
2
3062
2
3064
2
3066
2
3068
2
3230
2
3232
2
3234
2
3236
2
3238
2
3240
2
3242
2
3244
2
3246
2
3248
2
3250
2
3252
2
3254
2
3256
2
3258
2
3260
2
3262
2
3264
2
3266
2
3268
2
3270
2
3272
2
3274
3344
2852
2554
3046
3345
2853
3345
2853
2556
3048
3346
2854
3346
2854
2558
3050
3347
2855
3347
2855
2560
3052
3348
2856
3348
2856
2562
3054
3349
2857
3349
2857
2564
3056
3350
2858
3350
2858
2566
3058
3351
2859
3351
2859
2568
3060
3352
2860
3352
2860
2570
3062
3353
2861
3353
2861
2572
3064
3354
2862
3354
2862
2574
3066
3355
2863
3355
2863
2576
3068
3436
2944
3436
2944
2738
3230
3437
2945
3437
2945
2740
3232
3438
2946
3438
2946
2742
3234
3439
2947
3439
2947
2744
3236
3440
2948
3440
2948
2746
3238
3441
2949
3441
2949
2748
3240
3442
2950
3442
2950
2750
3242
3443
2951
3443
2951
2752
3244
3444
2952
3444
2952
2754
3246
3445
2953
3445
2953
2756
3248
3446
2954
3446
2954
2758
3250
3447
2955
3447
2955
2760
3252
3448
2956
3448
2956
2762
3254
3449
2957
3449
2957
2764
3256
3450
2958
3450
2958
2766
3258
3451
2959
3451
2959
2768
3260
3452
2960
3452
2960
2770
3262
3453
2961
3453
2961
2772
3264
3454
2962
3454
2962
2774
3266
3455
2963
3455
2963
2776
3268
3456
2964
3456
2964
2778
3270
3457
2965
3457
2965
2780
3272
3458
2966

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
1966
2784
1967
2786
1968
2788
1969
2790
1970
2792
1971
2794
1972
2796
1973
2798
1974
2800
1975
2802
1976
2804
1977
2806
1978
2808
1979
2810
1980
2812
1981
2814
1982
2816
1983
2818
1984
2820
1985
690
1986
692
1987
694
1988
696
1989
698
1990
700
1991
702
1992
704
1993
706
1994
708
1995
710
1996
712
1997
714
1998
716
1999
718
2000
Altair Engineering
2
3276
2
3278
2
3280
2
3282
2
3284
2
3286
2
3288
2
3290
2
3292
2
3294
2
3296
2
3298
2
3300
2
3302
2
3304
2
3306
2
3308
2
3310
2
3312
2
3479
2
3481
2
3483
2
3485
2
3487
2
3489
2
3491
2
3493
2
3495
2
3497
2
3499
2
3501
2
3503
2
3505
2
3507
2
3458
2966
2782
3274
3459
2967
3459
2967
2784
3276
3460
2968
3460
2968
2786
3278
3461
2969
3461
2969
2788
3280
3462
2970
3462
2970
2790
3282
3463
2971
3463
2971
2792
3284
3464
2972
3464
2972
2794
3286
3465
2973
3465
2973
2796
3288
3466
2974
3466
2974
2798
3290
3467
2975
3467
2975
2800
3292
3468
2976
3468
2976
2802
3294
3469
2977
3469
2977
2804
3296
3470
2978
3470
2978
2806
3298
3471
2979
3471
2979
2808
3300
3472
2980
3472
2980
2810
3302
3473
2981
3473
2981
2812
3304
3474
2982
3474
2982
2814
3306
3475
2983
3475
2983
2816
3308
3476
2984
3476
2984
2818
3310
3477
2985
32
10
24
3478
34
3478
34
690
3479
3480
38
3480
38
692
3481
3482
42
3482
42
694
3483
3484
46
3484
46
696
3485
3486
50
3486
50
698
3487
3488
54
3488
54
700
3489
3490
58
3490
58
702
3491
3492
62
3492
62
704
3493
3494
66
3494
66
706
3495
3496
70
3496
70
708
3497
3498
74
3498
74
710
3499
3500
78
3500
78
712
3501
3502
82
3502
82
714
3503
3504
86
3504
86
716
3505
3506
90
3506
90
718
3507
3508
94

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
720
2001
722
2002
724
2003
726
2004
728
2005
730
2006
732
2007
734
2008
736
2009
738
2010
740
2011
742
2012
744
2013
746
2014
748
2015
750
2016
752
2017
754
2018
756
2019
758
2020
760
2021
762
2022
764
2023
766
2024
768
2025
770
2026
772
2107
934
2108
936
2109
938
2110
940
2111
942
2112
944
2113
946
2114
948
3509
2
3511
2
3513
2
3515
2
3517
2
3519
2
3521
2
3523
2
3525
2
3527
2
3529
2
3531
2
3533
2
3535
2
3537
2
3539
2
3541
2
3543
2
3545
2
3547
2
3549
2
3551
2
3553
2
3555
2
3557
2
3559
2
3561
2
3723
2
3725
2
3727
2
3729
2
3731
2
3733
2
3735
2
3737
3508
94
720
3509
3510
98
3510
98
722
3511
3512
102
3512
102
724
3513
3514
106
3514
106
726
3515
3516
110
3516
110
728
3517
3518
114
3518
114
730
3519
3520
118
3520
118
732
3521
3522
122
3522
122
734
3523
3524
126
3524
126
736
3525
3526
130
3526
130
738
3527
3528
134
3528
134
740
3529
3530
138
3530
138
742
3531
3532
142
3532
142
744
3533
3534
146
3534
146
746
3535
3536
150
3536
150
748
3537
3538
154
3538
154
750
3539
3540
158
3540
158
752
3541
3542
162
3542
162
754
3543
3544
166
3544
166
756
3545
3546
170
3546
170
758
3547
3548
174
3548
174
760
3549
3550
178
3550
178
762
3551
3552
182
3552
182
764
3553
3554
186
3554
186
766
3555
3556
190
3556
190
768
3557
3558
194
3558
194
770
3559
3560
198
3560
198
772
3561
3722
522
3722
522
934
3723
3724
526
3724
526
936
3725
3726
530
3726
530
938
3727
3728
534
3728
534
940
3729
3730
538
3730
538
942
3731
3732
542
3732
542
944
3733
3734
546
3734
546
946
3735
3736
550

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
2115
950
2116
952
2117
954
2118
956
2119
958
2120
960
2121
962
2122
964
2123
966
2124
968
2125
970
2126
972
2127
974
2128
976
2129
978
2130
980
2131
982
2132
984
2133
986
2134
988
2135
990
2136
992
2137
994
2138
996
2139
998
2140
1000
2141
1002
2142
1004
2143
1006
2144
1008
2145
1010
2146
1012
2147
1014
2148
1016
2149
Altair Engineering
2
3739
2
3741
2
3743
2
3745
2
3747
2
3749
2
3751
2
3753
2
3755
2
3757
2
3759
2
3761
2
3763
2
3765
2
3767
2
3769
2
3771
2
3773
2
3775
2
3777
2
3779
2
3781
2
3783
2
3785
2
3787
2
3789
2
3791
2
3793
2
3795
2
3797
2
3799
2
3801
2
3803
2
3805
2
3736
550
948
3737
3738
554
3738
554
950
3739
3740
558
3740
558
952
3741
3742
562
3742
562
954
3743
3744
566
3744
566
956
3745
3746
570
3746
570
958
3747
3748
574
3748
574
960
3749
3750
578
3750
578
962
3751
3752
582
3752
582
964
3753
3754
586
3754
586
966
3755
3756
590
3756
590
968
3757
3758
594
3758
594
970
3759
3760
598
3760
598
972
3761
3762
602
3762
602
974
3763
3764
606
3764
606
976
3765
3766
610
3766
610
978
3767
3768
614
3768
614
980
3769
3770
618
3770
618
982
3771
3772
622
3772
622
984
3773
3774
626
3774
626
986
3775
3776
630
3776
630
988
3777
3778
634
3778
634
990
3779
3780
638
3780
638
992
3781
3782
642
3782
642
994
3783
3784
646
3784
646
996
3785
3786
650
3786
650
998
3787
3788
654
3788
654
1000
3789
3790
658
3790
658
1002
3791
3792
662
3792
662
1004
3793
3794
666
3794
666
1006
3795
3796
670
3796
670
1008
3797
3798
674
3798
674
1010
3799
3800
678
3800
678
1012
3801
3802
682
3802
682
1014
3803
3804
686
31
11
10
32
2495
35

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
34
2150
38
2151
42
2152
46
2153
50
2154
54
2155
58
2156
62
2157
66
2158
70
2159
74
2160
78
2161
82
2162
86
2163
90
2164
94
2165
98
2166
102
2167
106
2168
110
2169
114
2170
118
2171
122
2172
126
2173
130
2174
134
2175
138
2176
142
2177
146
2178
150
2179
154
2180
158
2181
162
2182
166
2183
170
3478
2
3480
2
3482
2
3484
2
3486
2
3488
2
3490
2
3492
2
3494
2
3496
2
3498
2
3500
2
3502
2
3504
2
3506
2
3508
2
3510
2
3512
2
3514
2
3516
2
3518
2
3520
2
3522
2
3524
2
3526
2
3528
2
3530
2
3532
2
3534
2
3536
2
3538
2
3540
2
3542
2
3544
2
3546
2495
35
34
3478
2497
39
2497
39
38
3480
2499
43
2499
43
42
3482
2501
47
2501
47
46
3484
2503
51
2503
51
50
3486
2505
55
2505
55
54
3488
2507
59
2507
59
58
3490
2509
63
2509
63
62
3492
2511
67
2511
67
66
3494
2513
71
2513
71
70
3496
2515
75
2515
75
74
3498
2517
79
2517
79
78
3500
2519
83
2519
83
82
3502
2521
87
2521
87
86
3504
2523
91
2523
91
90
3506
2525
95
2525
95
94
3508
2527
99
2527
99
98
3510
2529
103
2529
103
102
3512
2531
107
2531
107
106
3514
2533
111
2533
111
110
3516
2535
115
2535
115
114
3518
2537
119
2537
119
118
3520
2539
123
2539
123
122
3522
2541
127
2541
127
126
3524
2543
131
2543
131
130
3526
2545
135
2545
135
134
3528
2547
139
2547
139
138
3530
2549
143
2549
143
142
3532
2551
147
2551
147
146
3534
2553
151
2553
151
150
3536
2555
155
2555
155
154
3538
2557
159
2557
159
158
3540
2559
163
2559
163
162
3542
2561
167
2561
167
166
3544
2563
171

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
+
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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CHEXA
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2184
174
2185
178
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182
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186
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190
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194
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198
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522
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526
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530
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558
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562
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578
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594
2290
598
2291
602
2292
606
2293
610
2294
614
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618
2296
622
2297
626
2298
Altair Engineering
2
3548
2
3550
2
3552
2
3554
2
3556
2
3558
2
3560
2
3722
2
3724
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3730
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3732
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3734
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3750
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3752
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3756
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2563
171
170
3546
2565
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2565
175
174
3548
2567
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178
3550
2569
183
2569
183
182
3552
2571
187
2571
187
186
3554
2573
191
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191
190
3556
2575
195
2575
195
194
3558
2577
199
2577
199
198
3560
2739
523
2739
523
522
3722
2741
527
2741
527
526
3724
2743
531
2743
531
530
3726
2745
535
2745
535
534
3728
2747
539
2747
539
538
3730
2749
543
2749
543
542
3732
2751
547
2751
547
546
3734
2753
551
2753
551
550
3736
2755
555
2755
555
554
3738
2757
559
2757
559
558
3740
2759
563
2759
563
562
3742
2761
567
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567
566
3744
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571
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571
570
3746
2765
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575
574
3748
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579
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578
3750
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2771
587
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587
586
3754
2773
591
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591
590
3756
2775
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595
594
3758
2777
599
2777
599
598
3760
2779
603
2779
603
602
3762
2781
607
2781
607
606
3764
2783
611
2783
611
610
3766
2785
615
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615
614
3768
2787
619
2787
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618
3770
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623
2789
623
622
3772
2791
627
2791
627
626
3774
2793
631

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CHEXA
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630
2299
634
2300
638
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2302
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682
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3776
2
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3790
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3792
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3800
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3802
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3804
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3807
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3811
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3813
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3815
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3821
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3825
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3827
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630
3776
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635
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635
634
3778
2797
639
2797
639
638
3780
2799
643
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643
642
3782
2801
647
2801
647
646
3784
2803
651
2803
651
650
3786
2805
655
2805
655
654
3788
2807
659
2807
659
658
3790
2809
663
2809
663
662
3792
2811
667
2811
667
666
3794
2813
671
2813
671
670
3796
2815
675
2815
675
674
3798
2817
679
2817
679
678
3800
2819
683
2819
683
682
3802
2821
687
26
32
24
25
3806
3478
3806
3478
3479
3807
3808
3480
3808
3480
3481
3809
3810
3482
3810
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3811
3812
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3812
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3485
3813
3814
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3514
3842
3514
3515
3843
3844
3516

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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CHEXA
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3731
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3733
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3735
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3737
2443
3739
2444
3741
2445
3743
2446
3745
2447
Altair Engineering
2
3847
2
3849
2
3851
2
3853
2
3855
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3857
2
3859
2
3861
2
3863
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3865
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3869
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3871
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4051
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4073
4074
3746

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3747
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3801
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3803
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3805
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3478
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4075
2
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2
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3768
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3769
4097
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3770
4098
3770
3771
4099
4100
3772
4100
3772
3773
4101
4102
3774
4102
3774
3775
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4104
3776
4104
3776
3777
4105
4106
3778
4106
3778
3779
4107
4108
3780
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3780
3781
4109
4110
3782
4110
3782
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4111
4112
3784
4112
3784
3785
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4114
3786
4114
3786
3787
4115
4116
3788
4116
3788
3789
4117
4118
3790
4118
3790
3791
4119
4120
3792
4120
3792
3793
4121
4122
3794
4122
3794
3795
4123
4124
3796
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3797
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4126
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3798
3799
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4128
3800
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3800
3801
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4130
3802
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3802
3803
4131
4132
3804
27
31
32
26
2987
2495
2987
2495
3478
3806
2989
2497
2989
2497
3480
3808
2991
2499
2991
2499
3482
3810
2993
2501
2993
2501
3484
3812
2995
2503

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
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2482
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3500
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3502
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3540
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3542
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3544
2511
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2512
3548
2513
3550
2514
3552
2515
3554
2516
Altair Engineering
2
3816
2
3818
2
3820
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3822
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3824
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3826
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3828
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3830
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2995
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2999
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2513
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3824
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2517
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2519
3011
2519
3502
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2521
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2521
3504
3832
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2523
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3506
3834
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2525
3017
2525
3508
3836
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2527
3019
2527
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3838
3021
2529
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2531
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2533
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2533
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3844
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2535
3027
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2537
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3520
3848
3031
2539
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3522
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3033
2541
3033
2541
3524
3852
3035
2543
3035
2543
3526
3854
3037
2545
3037
2545
3528
3856
3039
2547
3039
2547
3530
3858
3041
2549
3041
2549
3532
3860
3043
2551
3043
2551
3534
3862
3045
2553
3045
2553
3536
3864
3047
2555
3047
2555
3538
3866
3049
2557
3049
2557
3540
3868
3051
2559
3051
2559
3542
3870
3053
2561
3053
2561
3544
3872
3055
2563
3055
2563
3546
3874
3057
2565
3057
2565
3548
3876
3059
2567
3059
2567
3550
3878
3061
2569
3061
2569
3552
3880
3063
2571
3063
2571
3554
3882
3065
2573

+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
3556
2517
3558
2518
3560
2599
3722
2600
3724
2601
3726
2602
3728
2603
3730
2604
3732
2605
3734
2606
3736
2607
3738
2608
3740
2609
3742
2610
3744
2611
3746
2612
3748
2613
3750
2614
3752
2615
3754
2616
3756
2617
3758
2618
3760
2619
3762
2620
3764
2621
3766
2622
3768
2623
3770
2624
3772
2625
3774
2626
3776
2627
3778
2628
3780
2629
3782
2630
3784
3884
2
3886
2
3888
2
4050
2
4052
2
4054
2
4056
2
4058
2
4060
2
4062
2
4064
2
4066
2
4068
2
4070
2
4072
2
4074
2
4076
2
4078
2
4080
2
4082
2
4084
2
4086
2
4088
2
4090
2
4092
2
4094
2
4096
2
4098
2
4100
2
4102
2
4104
2
4106
2
4108
2
4110
2
4112
3065
2573
3556
3884
3067
2575
3067
2575
3558
3886
3069
2577
3069
2577
3560
3888
3231
2739
3231
2739
3722
4050
3233
2741
3233
2741
3724
4052
3235
2743
3235
2743
3726
4054
3237
2745
3237
2745
3728
4056
3239
2747
3239
2747
3730
4058
3241
2749
3241
2749
3732
4060
3243
2751
3243
2751
3734
4062
3245
2753
3245
2753
3736
4064
3247
2755
3247
2755
3738
4066
3249
2757
3249
2757
3740
4068
3251
2759
3251
2759
3742
4070
3253
2761
3253
2761
3744
4072
3255
2763
3255
2763
3746
4074
3257
2765
3257
2765
3748
4076
3259
2767
3259
2767
3750
4078
3261
2769
3261
2769
3752
4080
3263
2771
3263
2771
3754
4082
3265
2773
3265
2773
3756
4084
3267
2775
3267
2775
3758
4086
3269
2777
3269
2777
3760
4088
3271
2779
3271
2779
3762
4090
3273
2781
3273
2781
3764
4092
3275
2783
3275
2783
3766
4094
3277
2785
3277
2785
3768
4096
3279
2787
3279
2787
3770
4098
3281
2789
3281
2789
3772
4100
3283
2791
3283
2791
3774
4102
3285
2793
3285
2793
3776
4104
3287
2795
3287
2795
3778
4106
3289
2797
3289
2797
3780
4108
3291
2799
3291
2799
3782
4110
3293
2801

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
2631
2
3293
2801
3784
4112
3295
2803
+
3786
4114
CHEXA
2632
2
3295
2803
3786
4114
3297
2805
+
3788
4116
CHEXA
2633
2
3297
2805
3788
4116
3299
2807
+
3790
4118
CHEXA
2634
2
3299
2807
3790
4118
3301
2809
+
3792
4120
CHEXA
2635
2
3301
2809
3792
4120
3303
2811
+
3794
4122
CHEXA
2636
2
3303
2811
3794
4122
3305
2813
+
3796
4124
CHEXA
2637
2
3305
2813
3796
4124
3307
2815
+
3798
4126
CHEXA
2638
2
3307
2815
3798
4126
3309
2817
+
3800
4128
CHEXA
2639
2
3309
2817
3800
4128
3311
2819
+
3802
4130
CHEXA
2640
2
3311
2819
3802
4130
3313
2821
+
3804
4132
$
$HMMOVE
2
$
17THRU
58
139THRU
222
303THRU
386
$
467THRU
550
631THRU
714
795THRU
878
$
959THRU
1042
1123THRU
1206
1287THRU
1370
$
1451THRU
1534
1615THRU
1698
1779THRU
1862
$
1943THRU
2026
2107THRU
2190
2271THRU
2354
$
2435THRU
2518
2599THRU
2640
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP
2"Air"
2 "Air" 5
$HWCOLOR COMP
2
5
$
$HMNAME COMP
5"Piston"
$HWCOLOR COMP
5
8
$
$HMNAME COMP
6"absorber"
$HWCOLOR COMP
6
3
$
$
$HMDPRP
$
17THRU
58
139THRU
222
303THRU
386
$
467THRU
550
631THRU
714
795THRU
878
$
959THRU
1042
1123THRU
1206
1287THRU
1370
$
1451THRU
1534
1615THRU
1698
1779THRU
1862
$
1943THRU
2026
2107THRU
2190
2271THRU
2354
$
2435THRU
2518
2599THRU
2640
5627
5629
6116
$
6122
6125
6520THRU
6521
6523
6528
6954
7220
$
7647
7652
7945
7948
7955
$
$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$HMNAME PROP
$HWCOLOR PROP
PSHELL
1
$$
Altair Engineering
20.1
1"tube" 4
1
52
2
0.0

$$ PSOLID Data
$$
$HMNAME PROP
2"Air" 5
$HWCOLOR PROP
2
4
PSOLID
2
1
PFLUID
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$$
$HMNAME MAT
2"alum" "MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT
2
3
MAT1
21.0+7
0.3
0.000254
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT
1"Air" "MAT10"
$HWCOLOR MAT
1
3
MAT10
1
1.21-7 13000.0
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$ HyperMesh Commands for loadcollectors name and color information $
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
2"spc"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
2
6
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
8"Force"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
8
7
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
12"SPC"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
12
5
$$
$$
$$ FREQi cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
3"Freq"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
3
6
$FREQ1
3
0.0
5.0
600
FREQ
3480.
$
$$
$$ RLOAD1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
6"Rload"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
6
6
RLOAD1
6
8
7
0
VELO
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
7"Table"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
7
6
TABLED1
7 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
1.0 3000.0
1.0ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
10"reactance"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
10
5
TABLED1
10 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0 0.00154 3000.0 0.00154ENDT
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
11"Impedance"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
11
5
TABLED1
11 LINEAR LINEAR
+
0.0
0.0 3000.0
0.0ENDT
$$
$$
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
9"Dload"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
9
6
DLOAD
91.0
1.0
6
$$

Altair Engineering
$$ EIGRL cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
4"EigrlTube"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
4
6
EIGRL
4
5
MASS
$HMNAME LOADCOL
5"EigrlAir"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
5
6
EIGRL
5
30
MASS
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC1
12123456 6776
thru
6800
spcd
86776
3
1.0
spcd
86777
3
1.0
spcd
86778
3
1.0
spcd
86779
3
1.0
spcd
86780
3
1.0
spcd
86781
3
1.0
spcd
86782
3
1.0
spcd
86783
3
1.0
spcd
86784
3
1.0
spcd
86785
3
1.0
spcd
86786
3
1.0
spcd
86788
3
1.0
spcd
86789
3
1.0
spcd
86790
3
1.0
spcd
86791
3
1.0
spcd
86792
3
1.0
spcd
86793
3
1.0
spcd
86794
3
1.0
spcd
86795
3
1.0
spcd
86796
3
1.0
spcd
86797
3
1.0
spcd
86798
3
1.0
spcd
86799
3
1.0
spcd
86800
3
1.0
$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA
8
6798
3-15.0
$$
$$
CAABSF
7957
5
689
688
687
686
CAABSF
7960
5
1017
689
686
1016
CAABSF
7964
5
1345
1344
688
689
CAABSF
7969
5
1509
1345
689
1017
CAABSF
7972
5
2165
2164
2163
2162
CAABSF
7977
5
688
2165
2162
687
CAABSF
7978
5
4133
3805
3804
4132
CAABSF
7980
5
2493
2492
2164
2165
CAABSF
7984
5
1344
2493
2165
688
CAABSF
7985
5
2821
687
2162
2820
CAABSF
7988
5
2820
2162
2163
2985
CAABSF
7990
5
3313
2821
2820
3312
CAABSF
7994
5
3312
2820
2985
3477
CAABSF
7996
5
3805
1016
686
3804
CAABSF
7998
5
3804
686
687
2821
CAABSF
8003
5
4132
3804
2821
3313
PAABSF
5
11
10
ENDDATA
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Data Definition for AutoDV
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
Altair Engineering

$$
Design Variables Card for Control Perturbations
$$
$$-----------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$
Domain Element Definitions
$
$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Nodeset Definitions
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$ Design domain node sets
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
Control Perturbation
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$$
$$
$$
$$ CONTROL PERTURBATION Data
$$
ALTDOCTAG "0mjpRI@DXd^3_0ASnbi`;l;q6A23R@9_67hgW8R?OiZ]
Eq:PeN`À;WXh3ITgJeq5NZRd5jSHQK3X@:à12;n4qD_I^RYMo"
ADI0.1.0 2011-02-11T20:16:20 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG
Comments
1.
PAABSF is referenced by a CAABSF entry only.
2.
If only one grid point is specified on the CAABSF entry, then the impedance Z(f) = ZR +
iZi is the total impedance at the point. If two grids are specified, then the impedance is
the impedance per unit length. If three or four points are specified, then the impedance
is the impedance per unit area. ZR(f) = TZREID(f) + B and Zi(f) = TZIMID(f) K/().
3.
The resistance represents a damper quantity B. The reactance represents a quantity of

the type (M K/). The impedance is defined as: Z = p/u where, p is the pressure and
u is the velocity.
4.
The impedance scale factor S is used in computing element stiffness and damping terms
as:
5.
To create a non-reflecting boundary, set the values of the TABLEDi entry referenced by
the TZREID field (Resistance-real part of Impedance) to be equal to
for all frequencies. This will allow the acoustic wave to propagate normally through the
boundary, without reflection. This condition is called the Sommerfeld boundary condition.
Where,
6.
is the density of the fluid and,
is the speed of sound in the fluid.
This card is represented as a property in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PACABS
Bulk Data Entry
PACABS Frequency-Dependant Structural Acoustic Absorber Property
Description
Defines the properties of the structural acoustic absorber element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PAC ABS
PID
SYNTH
TID1
TID2
TID3
TESTAR
C UTFR
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PAC ABS
YES
1.
200.
Field
Contents
PID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
SYNTH
Request the calculation of B, K, and M from the specified tables TIDi.

Default = YES (Character = YES or NO)
TID1
Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the resistance.

TID2
Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the reactance.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
TID3
Identification of the TABLEDi entry that defines the weighting function.

TESTAR Area of the test specimen.

CUTFR
Cutoff frequency for tables referenced above.

(Real > 0.0)
B, K, M
Equivalent damping, stiffness and mass values per unit area.

K and M (Real > 0.0), B (Real)
Input File - chacab.fem

$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$ NASTRAN Input Deck Generated by HyperMesh Version : 8.0SR1
$
$$ Generated using HyperMesh-Nastran Template Version : 8.0sr1
$$
$
$$
Template: general
$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Executive Control Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SOL 111
CEND
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Case Control Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
SET 1 = 1734
DISPLACEMENT = 1
$
$HMNAME LOADSTEP
1"Load2"
SUBCASE
1
LABEL=
Load2
SPC =
4
FREQUENCY =
5
DLOAD =
2
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Bulk Data Cards
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
BEGIN BULK
$CHEXA
$+
1056
1683
2
1672
1650
1661
1662
1651
1671

1682+
Altair Engineering
CHACAB
1056
100
1650
1645
1657
+
1671
1672
PACABS,100,YES,1,2,3,1.5,10.0,2.0
PARAM,G,0.001
PARAM,COUPMASS,-1
PARAM,POST,-1
$ACMODL
DIFF
0.1
$$
EIGRL,20,,,300
EIGRL,21,,,300
$$ GRID Data
$$
GRID
1
2.0
2.0
0.0
GRID
2
2.0
1.5
0.0
GRID
3
2.0
1.0
0.0
GRID
4
2.0
0.5
0.0
GRID
5
2.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
6
2.0
-0.5
0.0
GRID
7
2.0
-1.0
0.0
GRID
8
2.0
-1.5
0.0
GRID
9
2.0
-2.0
0.0
GRID
10
1.5
2.0
0.0
GRID
11
1.5
1.5
0.0
GRID
12
1.5
1.0
0.0
GRID
13
1.5
0.5
0.0
GRID
14
1.5
0.0
0.0
GRID
15
1.5
-0.5
0.0
GRID
16
1.5
-1.0
0.0
GRID
17
1.5
-1.5
0.0
GRID
18
1.5
-2.0
0.0
GRID
19
1.0
2.0
0.0
GRID
20
1.0
1.5
0.0
GRID
21
1.0
1.0
0.0
GRID
22
1.0
0.5
0.0
GRID
23
1.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
24
1.0
-0.5
0.0
GRID
25
1.0
-1.0
0.0
GRID
26
1.0
-1.5
0.0
GRID
27
1.0
-2.0
0.0
GRID
28
0.5
2.0
0.0
GRID
29
0.5
1.5
0.0
GRID
30
0.5
1.0
0.0
GRID
31
0.5
0.5
0.0
GRID
32
0.5
0.0
0.0
GRID
33
0.5
-0.5
0.0
GRID
34
0.5
-1.0
0.0
GRID
35
0.5
-1.5
0.0
GRID
36
0.5
-2.0
0.0
GRID
37
0.0
2.0
0.0
GRID
38
0.0
1.5
0.0
GRID
39
0.0
1.0
0.0
GRID
40
0.0
0.5
0.0
GRID
41
0.0
0.0
0.0
GRID
42
0.0
-0.5
0.0
GRID
43
0.0
-1.0
0.0
GRID
44
0.0
-1.5
0.0
GRID
45
0.0
-2.0
0.0
GRID
46
-0.5
2.0
0.0
GRID
47
-0.5
1.5
0.0
GRID
48
-0.5
1.0
0.0
GRID
49
-0.5
0.5
0.0
GRID
50
-0.5
0.0
0.0
GRID
51
-0.5
-0.5
0.0
GRID
52
-0.5
-1.0
0.0
GRID
53
-0.5
-1.5
0.0
GRID
54
-0.5
-2.0
0.0
GRID
55
-1.0
2.0
0.0
GRID
56
-1.0
1.5
0.0
GRID
57
-1.0
1.0
0.0
Altair Engineering
1658
1676
1675+
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1
-1

GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
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2.5
4.0
-1.5
-2.5
4.0
-1.5
2.5
4.0
-1.0
-2.5
4.0
-1.0
2.5
4.0
-0.5
-2.5
4.0
-0.5
2.5
4.0
-2.5E-16-2.5
4.0
-2.3E-162.5
4.0
0.5
-2.5
4.0
0.5
2.5
4.0
1.0
-2.5
4.0
1.0
2.5
4.0
1.5
-2.5
4.0
1.5
2.5
4.0
2.0
-2.5
4.0
2.497764-2.497764.0
2.5
-2.0
4.0
2.5
-1.5
4.0
2.5
-1.0
4.0
2.5
-0.5
4.0
2.5
-1.0E-164.0
2.5
0.5
4.0
2.5
1.0
4.0
2.5
1.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
4.0
2.5
2.0
4.0
2.4977642.4977644.0
-2.49776-2.497763.0
-2.5
-2.0
3.0
-2.5
-1.5
3.0
-2.5
-1.0
3.0
-2.5
-0.5
3.0
-2.5
-5.4E-183.0
-2.5
0.5
3.0
-2.5
1.0
3.0
-2.5
1.5
3.0
-2.497762.4977643.0
-2.5
2.0
3.0
-2.0
-2.5
3.0
-2.0
2.5
3.0
-1.5
-2.5
3.0
-1.5
2.5
3.0
-1.0
-2.5
3.0
-1.0
2.5
3.0
-0.5
-2.5
3.0
-0.5
2.5
3.0
-2.9E-18-2.5
3.0
-3.1E-182.5
3.0
0.5
-2.5
3.0
0.5
2.5
3.0
1.0
-2.5
3.0
1.0
2.5
3.0
1.5
-2.5
3.0
1.5
2.5
3.0

GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
GRID
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
2.0
-2.5
3.0
2.497764-2.497763.0
2.5
-2.0
3.0
2.5
-1.5
3.0
2.5
-1.0
3.0
2.5
-0.5
3.0
2.5
-3.4E-183.0
2.5
0.5
3.0
2.5
1.0
3.0
2.5
1.5
3.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
3.0
2.4977642.4977643.0
-2.49776-2.497762.0
-2.5
-2.0
2.0
-2.5
-1.5
2.0
-2.5
-1.0
2.0
-2.5
-0.5
2.0
-2.5
-5.0E-182.0
-2.5
0.5
2.0
-2.5
1.0
2.0
-2.5
1.5
2.0
-2.497762.4977642.0
-2.5
2.0
2.0
-2.0
-2.5
2.0
-2.0
2.5
2.0
-1.5
-2.5
2.0
-1.5
2.5
2.0
-1.0
-2.5
2.0
-1.0
2.5
2.0
-0.5
-2.5
2.0
-0.5
2.5
2.0
-2.5E-18-2.5
2.0
-2.5E-182.5
2.0
0.5
-2.5
2.0
0.5
2.5
2.0
1.0
-2.5
2.0
1.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
-2.5
2.0
1.5
2.5
2.0
2.0
-2.5
2.0
2.497764-2.497762.0
2.5
-2.0
2.0
2.5
-1.5
2.0
2.5
-1.0
2.0
2.5
-0.5
2.0
2.5
-3.1E-182.0
2.5
0.5
2.0
2.5
1.0
2.0
2.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.4977642.4977642.0
-2.49776-2.497761.0
-2.5
-2.0
1.0
-2.5
-1.5
1.0
-2.5
-1.0
1.0
-2.5
-0.5
1.0
-2.5
-3.5E-181.0
-2.5
0.5
1.0
-2.5
1.0
1.0
-2.5
1.5
1.0
-2.497762.4977641.0
-2.5
2.0
1.0
-2.0
-2.5
1.0
-2.0
2.5
1.0
-1.5
-2.5
1.0
-1.5
2.5
1.0
-1.0
-2.5
1.0

Altair Engineering
GRID
1710
-1.0
2.5
1.0
GRID
1711
-0.5
-2.5
1.0
GRID
1712
-0.5
2.5
1.0
GRID
1713
-2.5E-18-2.5
1.0
GRID
1714
-2.5E-182.5
1.0
GRID
1715
0.5
-2.5
1.0
GRID
1716
0.5
2.5
1.0
GRID
1717
1.0
-2.5
1.0
GRID
1718
1.0
2.5
1.0
GRID
1719
1.5
-2.5
1.0
GRID
1720
1.5
2.5
1.0
GRID
1721
2.0
-2.5
1.0
GRID
1722
2.497764-2.497761.0
GRID
1723
2.5
-2.0
1.0
GRID
1724
2.5
-1.5
1.0
GRID
1725
2.5
-1.0
1.0
GRID
1726
2.5
-0.5
1.0
GRID
1727
2.5
-2.9E-181.0
GRID
1728
2.5
0.5
1.0
GRID
1729
2.5
1.0
1.0
GRID
1730
2.5
1.5
1.0
GRID
1731
2.0
2.5
1.0
GRID
1732
2.5
2.0
1.0
GRID
1733
2.4977642.4977641.0
GRID
1734
-0.25
3.33E-165.0
$$
$$ SPOINT Data
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Group Definitions
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ RBE2 Elements - Multiple dependent nodes
$$
RBE2
1553
1734 123456
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482+
+
1489
1493
1500
1504
1511
1515
1522
1526+
+
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
$
$HMMOVE
6
$
1553
$
$ CQUAD4 Elements
$
CQUAD4
1101
4
1332
1341
1342
1333
CQUAD4
1102
4
1333
1342
1343
1334
CQUAD4
1103
4
1334
1343
1344
1335
CQUAD4
1104
4
1335
1344
1345
1336
CQUAD4
1105
4
1336
1345
1346
1337
CQUAD4
1106
4
1337
1346
1347
1338
CQUAD4
1107
4
1338
1347
1348
1339
CQUAD4
1108
4
1339
1348
1349
1340
CQUAD4
1109
4
1341
1350
1351
1342
CQUAD4
1110
4
1342
1351
1352
1343
CQUAD4
1111
4
1343
1352
1353
1344
CQUAD4
1112
4
1344
1353
1354
1345
CQUAD4
1113
4
1345
1354
1355
1346
CQUAD4
1114
4
1346
1355
1356
1347
CQUAD4
1115
4
1347
1356
1357
1348
CQUAD4
1116
4
1348
1357
1358
1349
CQUAD4
1117
4
1350
1359
1360
1351
CQUAD4
1118
4
1351
1360
1361
1352
CQUAD4
1119
4
1352
1361
1362
1353
CQUAD4
1120
4
1353
1362
1363
1354
CQUAD4
1121
4
1354
1363
1364
1355
CQUAD4
1122
4
1355
1364
1365
1356
CQUAD4
1123
4
1356
1365
1366
1357
CQUAD4
1124
4
1357
1366
1367
1358
CQUAD4
1125
4
1359
1368
1369
1360
Altair Engineering

CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1431
1433
1421
1340
1435
1349
1437
1358
1439
1367
1441
1376
1443
1385
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1433
1435
1340
1349
1437
1358
1439
1367
1441
1376
1443
1385
1445
1394
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1332
1341
1434
1436
1350
1438
1359
1440
1368
1442
1377
1444
1386
1446
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1332
1432
1434
1341
1436
1350
1438
1359
1440
1368
1442
1377
1444

Altair Engineering
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
Altair Engineering
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1445
1394
1447
1403
1449
1412
1431
1413
1414
1433
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1432
1434
1436
1435
1438
1437
1440
1439
1442
1441
1444
1443
1446
1445
1448
1447
1450
1449
1452
1451
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1732
1733
1730
1731
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1719
1720
1717
1718
1715
1716
1713
1714
1711
1712
1447
1403
1449
1412
1451
1430
1733
1732
1730
1731
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1719
1720
1717
1718
1715
1716
1713
1714
1711
1712
1709
1710
1707
1708
1705
1706
1694
1703
1704
1702
1701
1700
1699
1698
1697
1696
1695
1692
1693
1690
1691
1689
1688
1687
1686
1685
1684
1683
1682
1681
1679
1680
1677
1678
1675
1676
1673
1674
1671
1672
1395
1448
1404
1450
1422
1452
1731
1733
1732
1720
1730
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1718
1719
1716
1717
1714
1715
1712
1713
1710
1711
1708
1709
1706
1707
1703
1705
1704
1702
1701
1700
1699
1698
1697
1696
1695
1694
1693
1691
1692
1680
1690
1689
1688
1687
1686
1685
1684
1683
1682
1681
1678
1679
1676
1677
1674
1675
1672
1673
1670
1386
1446
1395
1448
1404
1450
1433
1431
1413
1435
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1432
1434
1437
1436
1439
1438
1441
1440
1443
1442
1445
1444
1447
1446
1449
1448
1451
1450
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1452
1733
1731
1732
1720
1730
1729
1728
1727
1726
1725
1724
1723
1722
1721
1718
1719
1716
1717
1714
1715
1712
1713
1710

CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
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1264
1265
1266
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1317
1318
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1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
4
4
4
4
4
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1654
1653
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1652
1640
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1646
1645
1644
1643

Altair Engineering
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
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CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
1333
1334
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1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
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1369
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1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
Altair Engineering
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
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1551
1596
1549
1548

CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
CQUAD4
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1402
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4
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Altair Engineering
CQUAD4
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4
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4
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4
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1497
4
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1498
4
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1499
4
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1500
4
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1458
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31
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111
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691
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692
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844
Altair Engineering
796
1
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1
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730
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732
1
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79
97
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759
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760
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925
762
927
763
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930
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931
Altair Engineering
883
1
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1
885
1
886
1
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892
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1
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1012
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834
1017
835
1018
Altair Engineering
970
1
973
1
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1024
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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898
887
1007
1018+
887
898
899
888
1008
1019+
888
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900
889
1009
1020+
889
900
901
890
1010
1021+
890
901
902
891
1011
1022+
893
904
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892
1014
1025+
892
903
905
894
1013
1024+
894
905
906
895
1015
1026+
895
906
907
896
1016
1027+
896
907
908
897
1017
1028+
897
908
909
898
1018
1029+
898
909
910
899
1019
1030+
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910
911
900
1020
1031+
900
911
912
901
1021
1032+
901
912
913
902
1022
1033+
904
915
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903
1025
1036+
903
914
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905
1024
1035+
905
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906
1026
1037+
906
917
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907
1027
1038+
907
918
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908
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1039+
908
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1029
1040+
909
920
921
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1030
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910
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911
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1042+
911
922
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912
1032
1043+
912
923
924
913
1033
1044+
915
926
925
914
1036
1047+
914
925
927
916
1035
1046+
916
927
928
917
1037
1048+
917
928
929
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1038
1049+
918
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930
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1039
1050+
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930
931
920
1040
1051+
920
931
932
921
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1052+
921
932
933
922
1042
1053+
922
933
934
923
1043
1054+
923
934
935
924
1044
1055+

Altair Engineering
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880
1067
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886
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888
1076
889
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892
1081
893
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894
1083
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1084
896
1085
897
1086
898
1087
899
1088
900
1089
901
1092
902
1095
903
1097
904
1099
Altair Engineering
1045
1
1046
1
1048
1
1049
1
1050
1
1051
1
1052
1
1053
1
1054
1
1055
1
1056
1
1057
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1
1060
1
1061
1
1062
1
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1
1064
1
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1
1070
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
1077
1
1078
1
1091
1
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1
1096
1
1098
926
937
936
925
1047
1058+
925
936
938
927
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1057+
927
938
939
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940
929
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941
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930
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1062+
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932
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1063+
932
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933
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1064+
933
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945
934
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1065+
934
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946
935
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1066+
937
948
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936
1058
1069+
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949
938
1057
1068+
938
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950
939
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1070+
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1060
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951
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1077
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969
972
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970
1090
1093+
970
971
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973
1091
1092+
973
974
976
975
1094
1095+
975
976
978
977
1096
1097+

CHEXA
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CHEXA
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905
1101
906
1103
907
1105
908
1107
909
1109
910
1111
911
1112
912
1114
913
1115
914
1116
915
1117
916
1118
917
1119
918
1120
919
1121
920
1122
921
1123
922
1125
923
1126
924
1127
925
1128
926
1129
927
1130
928
1131
929
1132
930
1133
931
1134
932
1136
933
1137
934
1138
935
1139
936
1140
937
1141
938
1142
939
1
1100
1
1102
1
1104
1
1106
1
1108
1
1110
1
1092
1
1095
1
1097
1
1099
1
1101
1
1103
1
1105
1
1107
1
1109
1
1111
1
1112
1
1114
1
1115
1
1116
1
1117
1
1118
1
1119
1
1120
1
1121
1
1122
1
1123
1
1125
1
1126
1
1127
1
1128
1
1129
1
1130
1
1131
1
977
978
980
979
1098
1099+
979
980
982
981
1100
1101+
981
982
984
983
1102
1103+
983
984
986
985
1104
1105+
985
986
988
987
1106
1107+
987
988
990
989
1108
1109+
972
992
991
971
1093
1113+
971
991
993
974
1092
1112+
974
993
994
976
1095
1114+
976
994
995
978
1097
1115+
978
995
996
980
1099
1116+
980
996
997
982
1101
1117+
982
997
998
984
1103
1118+
984
998
999
986
1105
1119+
986
999
1000
988
1107
1120+
988
1000
1001
990
1109
1121+
992
1003
1002
991
1113
1124+
991
1002
1004
993
1112
1123+
993
1004
1005
994
1114
1125+
994
1005
1006
995
1115
1126+
995
1006
1007
996
1116
1127+
996
1007
1008
997
1117
1128+
997
1008
1009
998
1118
1129+
998
1009
1010
999
1119
1130+
999
1010
1011
1000
1120
1131+
1000
1011
1012
1001
1121
1132+
1003
1014
1013
1002
1124
1135+
1002
1013
1015
1004
1123
1134+
1004
1015
1016
1005
1125
1136+
1005
1016
1017
1006
1126
1137+
1006
1017
1018
1007
1127
1138+
1007
1018
1019
1008
1128
1139+
1008
1019
1020
1009
1129
1140+
1009
1020
1021
1010
1130
1141+
1010
1021
1022
1011
1131
1142+

Altair Engineering
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1143
940
1144
941
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1148
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945
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946
1151
947
1152
948
1153
949
1154
950
1155
951
1156
952
1158
953
1159
954
1160
955
1161
956
1162
957
1163
958
1164
959
1165
960
1166
961
1167
962
1169
963
1170
964
1171
965
1172
966
1173
967
1174
968
1175
969
1176
970
1177
971
1178
972
1180
973
1181
Altair Engineering
1132
1
1133
1
1134
1
1136
1
1137
1
1138
1
1139
1
1140
1
1141
1
1142
1
1143
1
1144
1
1145
1
1147
1
1148
1
1149
1
1150
1
1151
1
1152
1
1153
1
1154
1
1155
1
1156
1
1158
1
1159
1
1160
1
1161
1
1162
1
1163
1
1164
1
1165
1
1166
1
1167
1
1169
1
1170
1011
1022
1023
1012
1132
1143+
1014
1025
1024
1013
1135
1146+
1013
1024
1026
1015
1134
1145+
1015
1026
1027
1016
1136
1147+
1016
1027
1028
1017
1137
1148+
1017
1028
1029
1018
1138
1149+
1018
1029
1030
1019
1139
1150+
1019
1030
1031
1020
1140
1151+
1020
1031
1032
1021
1141
1152+
1021
1032
1033
1022
1142
1153+
1022
1033
1034
1023
1143
1154+
1025
1036
1035
1024
1146
1157+
1024
1035
1037
1026
1145
1156+
1026
1037
1038
1027
1147
1158+
1027
1038
1039
1028
1148
1159+
1028
1039
1040
1029
1149
1160+
1029
1040
1041
1030
1150
1161+
1030
1041
1042
1031
1151
1162+
1031
1042
1043
1032
1152
1163+
1032
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1044
1033
1153
1164+
1033
1044
1045
1034
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1165+
1036
1047
1046
1035
1157
1168+
1035
1046
1048
1037
1156
1167+
1037
1048
1049
1038
1158
1169+
1038
1049
1050
1039
1159
1170+
1039
1050
1051
1040
1160
1171+
1040
1051
1052
1041
1161
1172+
1041
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1053
1042
1162
1173+
1042
1053
1054
1043
1163
1174+
1043
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1055
1044
1164
1175+
1044
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1056
1045
1165
1176+
1047
1058
1057
1046
1168
1179+
1046
1057
1059
1048
1167
1178+
1048
1059
1060
1049
1169
1180+

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974
1182
975
1183
976
1184
977
1185
978
1186
979
1187
980
1188
981
1189
982
1191
983
1192
984
1193
985
1194
986
1195
987
1196
988
1197
989
1198
990
1199
991
1200
992
1202
993
1203
994
1204
995
1205
996
1206
997
1207
998
1208
999
1209
1000
1210
1001
1213
1002
1216
1003
1218
1004
1220
1005
1222
1006
1224
1007
1226
1008
1
1171
1
1172
1
1173
1
1174
1
1175
1
1176
1
1177
1
1178
1
1180
1
1181
1
1182
1
1183
1
1184
1
1185
1
1186
1
1187
1
1188
1
1189
1
1191
1
1192
1
1193
1
1194
1
1195
1
1196
1
1197
1
1198
1
1199
1
1212
1
1215
1
1217
1
1219
1
1221
1
1223
1
1225
1
1049
1060
1061
1050
1170
1181+
1050
1061
1062
1051
1171
1182+
1051
1062
1063
1052
1172
1183+
1052
1063
1064
1053
1173
1184+
1053
1064
1065
1054
1174
1185+
1054
1065
1066
1055
1175
1186+
1055
1066
1067
1056
1176
1187+
1058
1069
1068
1057
1179
1190+
1057
1068
1070
1059
1178
1189+
1059
1070
1071
1060
1180
1191+
1060
1071
1072
1061
1181
1192+
1061
1072
1073
1062
1182
1193+
1062
1073
1074
1063
1183
1194+
1063
1074
1075
1064
1184
1195+
1064
1075
1076
1065
1185
1196+
1065
1076
1077
1066
1186
1197+
1066
1077
1078
1067
1187
1198+
1069
1080
1079
1068
1190
1201+
1068
1079
1081
1070
1189
1200+
1070
1081
1082
1071
1191
1202+
1071
1082
1083
1072
1192
1203+
1072
1083
1084
1073
1193
1204+
1073
1084
1085
1074
1194
1205+
1074
1085
1086
1075
1195
1206+
1075
1086
1087
1076
1196
1207+
1076
1087
1088
1077
1197
1208+
1077
1088
1089
1078
1198
1209+
1090
1093
1092
1091
1211
1214+
1091
1092
1095
1094
1212
1213+
1094
1095
1097
1096
1215
1216+
1096
1097
1099
1098
1217
1218+
1098
1099
1101
1100
1219
1220+
1100
1101
1103
1102
1221
1222+
1102
1103
1105
1104
1223
1224+
1104
1105
1107
1106
1225
1226+

Altair Engineering
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1228
1009
1230
1010
1232
1011
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1012
1235
1013
1236
1014
1237
1015
1238
1016
1239
1017
1240
1018
1241
1019
1242
1020
1243
1021
1244
1022
1246
1023
1247
1024
1248
1025
1249
1026
1250
1027
1251
1028
1252
1029
1253
1030
1254
1031
1255
1032
1257
1033
1258
1034
1259
1035
1260
1036
1261
1037
1262
1038
1263
1039
1264
1040
1265
1041
1266
1042
1268
Altair Engineering
1227
1
1229
1
1231
1
1213
1
1216
1
1218
1
1220
1
1222
1
1224
1
1226
1
1228
1
1230
1
1232
1
1233
1
1235
1
1236
1
1237
1
1238
1
1239
1
1240
1
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1
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1
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1
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1
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1
1247
1
1248
1
1249
1
1250
1
1251
1
1252
1
1253
1
1254
1
1255
1
1257
1106
1107
1109
1108
1227
1228+
1108
1109
1111
1110
1229
1230+
1093
1113
1112
1092
1214
1234+
1092
1112
1114
1095
1213
1233+
1095
1114
1115
1097
1216
1235+
1097
1115
1116
1099
1218
1236+
1099
1116
1117
1101
1220
1237+
1101
1117
1118
1103
1222
1238+
1103
1118
1119
1105
1224
1239+
1105
1119
1120
1107
1226
1240+
1107
1120
1121
1109
1228
1241+
1109
1121
1122
1111
1230
1242+
1113
1124
1123
1112
1234
1245+
1112
1123
1125
1114
1233
1244+
1114
1125
1126
1115
1235
1246+
1115
1126
1127
1116
1236
1247+
1116
1127
1128
1117
1237
1248+
1117
1128
1129
1118
1238
1249+
1118
1129
1130
1119
1239
1250+
1119
1130
1131
1120
1240
1251+
1120
1131
1132
1121
1241
1252+
1121
1132
1133
1122
1242
1253+
1124
1135
1134
1123
1245
1256+
1123
1134
1136
1125
1244
1255+
1125
1136
1137
1126
1246
1257+
1126
1137
1138
1127
1247
1258+
1127
1138
1139
1128
1248
1259+
1128
1139
1140
1129
1249
1260+
1129
1140
1141
1130
1250
1261+
1130
1141
1142
1131
1251
1262+
1131
1142
1143
1132
1252
1263+
1132
1143
1144
1133
1253
1264+
1135
1146
1145
1134
1256
1267+
1134
1145
1147
1136
1255
1266+

CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1043
1269
1044
1270
1045
1271
1046
1272
1047
1273
1048
1274
1049
1275
1050
1276
1051
1277
1052
1279
1053
1280
1054
1281
1055
1282
1
1258
1
1259
1
1260
1
1261
1
1262
1
1263
1
1264
1
1265
1
1266
1
1268
1
1269
1
1270
1
1271
1136
1147
1148
1137
1257
1268+
1137
1148
1149
1138
1258
1269+
1138
1149
1150
1139
1259
1270+
1139
1150
1151
1140
1260
1271+
1140
1151
1152
1141
1261
1272+
1141
1152
1153
1142
1262
1273+
1142
1153
1154
1143
1263
1274+
1143
1154
1155
1144
1264
1275+
1146
1157
1156
1145
1267
1278+
1145
1156
1158
1147
1266
1277+
1147
1158
1159
1148
1268
1279+
1148
1159
1160
1149
1269
1280+
1149
1160
1161
1150
1270
1281+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
CHEXA
+
1057
1284
1058
1285
1059
1286
1060
1287
1061
1288
1062
1290
1063
1291
1064
1292
1065
1293
1066
1294
1067
1295
1068
1296
1069
1297
1070
1298
1071
1299
1072
1301
1073
1302
1074
1303
1075
1304
1076
1305
1077
1306
1
1273
1
1274
1
1275
1
1276
1
1277
1
1279
1
1280
1
1281
1
1282
1
1283
1
1284
1
1285
1
1286
1
1287
1
1288
1
1290
1
1291
1
1292
1
1293
1
1294
1
1295
1151
1162
1163
1152
1272
1283+
1152
1163
1164
1153
1273
1284+
1153
1164
1165
1154
1274
1285+
1154
1165
1166
1155
1275
1286+
1157
1168
1167
1156
1278
1289+
1156
1167
1169
1158
1277
1288+
1158
1169
1170
1159
1279
1290+
1159
1170
1171
1160
1280
1291+
1160
1171
1172
1161
1281
1292+
1161
1172
1173
1162
1282
1293+
1162
1173
1174
1163
1283
1294+
1163
1174
1175
1164
1284
1295+
1164
1175
1176
1165
1285
1296+
1165
1176
1177
1166
1286
1297+
1168
1179
1178
1167
1289
1300+
1167
1178
1180
1169
1288
1299+
1169
1180
1181
1170
1290
1301+
1170
1181
1182
1171
1291
1302+
1171
1182
1183
1172
1292
1303+
1172
1183
1184
1173
1293
1304+
1173
1184
1185
1174
1294
1305+

Altair Engineering
CHEXA
1078
1
1174
1185
1186
1175
1295
1306+
+
1307
1296
CHEXA
1079
1
1175
1186
1187
1176
1296
1307+
+
1308
1297
CHEXA
1080
1
1176
1187
1188
1177
1297
1308+
+
1309
1298
CHEXA
1081
1
1179
1190
1189
1178
1300
1311+
+
1310
1299
CHEXA
1082
1
1178
1189
1191
1180
1299
1310+
+
1312
1301
CHEXA
1083
1
1180
1191
1192
1181
1301
1312+
+
1313
1302
CHEXA
1084
1
1181
1192
1193
1182
1302
1313+
+
1314
1303
CHEXA
1085
1
1182
1193
1194
1183
1303
1314+
+
1315
1304
CHEXA
1086
1
1183
1194
1195
1184
1304
1315+
+
1316
1305
CHEXA
1087
1
1184
1195
1196
1185
1305
1316+
+
1317
1306
CHEXA
1088
1
1185
1196
1197
1186
1306
1317+
+
1318
1307
CHEXA
1089
1
1186
1197
1198
1187
1307
1318+
+
1319
1308
CHEXA
1090
1
1187
1198
1199
1188
1308
1319+
+
1320
1309
CHEXA
1091
1
1190
1201
1200
1189
1311
1322+
+
1321
1310
CHEXA
1092
1
1189
1200
1202
1191
1310
1321+
+
1323
1312
CHEXA
1093
1
1191
1202
1203
1192
1312
1323+
+
1324
1313
CHEXA
1094
1
1192
1203
1204
1193
1313
1324+
+
1325
1314
CHEXA
1095
1
1193
1204
1205
1194
1314
1325+
+
1326
1315
CHEXA
1096
1
1194
1205
1206
1195
1315
1326+
+
1327
1316
CHEXA
1097
1
1195
1206
1207
1196
1316
1327+
+
1328
1317
CHEXA
1098
1
1196
1207
1208
1197
1317
1328+
+
1329
1318
CHEXA
1099
1
1197
1208
1209
1198
1318
1329+
+
1330
1319
CHEXA
1100
1
1198
1209
1210
1199
1319
1330+
+
1331
1320
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
HyperMesh name information for generic property collectors
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Property Definition for 1-D Elements
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$HMNAME COMP
6"auto1"
$HWCOLOR COMP
6
3
$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Property Definition for Surface and Volume Elements
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$ PSHELL Data
$
$HMNAME COMP
4"shells"
Altair Engineering

$HWCOLOR COMP
4
7
PSHELL
4
20.2
2
2
$$
$$ PSOLID Data
$
$HMNAME COMP
1"solids"
$HWCOLOR COMP
1
26
PSOLID
1
1
PFLUID
PSOLID
2
2
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$ HYPERMESH TAGS
$$-------------------------------------------------------------$$BEGIN TAGS
$$END TAGS
$$
$$ MAT1 Data
$
$HMNAME MAT
2"MAT1"
$HWCOLOR MAT
2
18
MAT1
2200000.0
0.3
0.9e-5
$$
$$
$$ MAT10 Data
$HMNAME MAT
1"MAT10_1"
$HWCOLOR MAT
1
3
MAT10
11.0
0.01
$$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
HyperMesh name information for generic materials
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
Loads and Boundary Conditions
$
$$------------------------------------------------------------------------------$
$$
$$HyperMesh name and color information for generic loadcollectors
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
4"SPC"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
4
3
$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
6"spcd"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
6
4
$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ FREQ1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
5"freq"
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
5
4
FREQ1
50.1
10.0
5
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ RLOAD2 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
2"rload2"

Altair Engineering
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
RLOAD2
2
6
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
RLOAD2
3
3
$$
$$
$$
$$ TABLED1 cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
TABLED1
1 LINEAR
+
0.0
0.0
$$
TABLED1
2 LINEAR
+
0.0
0.0
$$
TABLED1
3 LINEAR
+
0.0
5.0
$$ DLOAD cards
$$
$HMNAME LOADCOL
$HWCOLOR LOADCOL
DLOAD
111.0
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$
$$ SPC Data
$$
SPC
4
1431
SPC
4
1432
SPC
4
1451
SPC
4
1452
SPC
4
1734
$$
$$ SPCD Data
$$
SPCD
6
1734
$
$ DAREA Data
$
$$
$$ DAREA Data
$$
DAREA
3
1734
ENDDATA
5
1
ACCE
LOAD
1.0
3"darea"
3
5
1"tab"
1
41
LINEAR
1000.0
1.0ENDT
LINEAR
1000.0
1.0ENDT
LINEAR
1000.0
5.0ENDT
11"DLOAD11"
11
3
1.0
2
1234560.0
1234560.0
1234560.0
1234560.0
3
0.0
3.0
3-10.0
ALTDOCTAG "HqTD_ARNMI\S\pMpN13G;5oANN]l[enE7fmSbTJro20LOpNriZFOQfUk]
_`5hfS5ATf6pT7RXMjA3e@k_r^K?GP;?OeEbD0"
ADI0.1.0 2011-05-13T19:57:45 0of1 OSQA
ENDDOCTAG
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
PACABS is referenced by a CHACAB entry only.
2.
If SYNTH = YES, then TID1 and TID2 must be supplied (TID3 is optional) and the
equivalent structural model will be derived from tables TIDi. If TID3 is blank, then the
weighting function defaults to 1.0.
3.
If SYNTH=NO, then the equivalent structural model will be derived from B, K and M.
4.

Altair Engineering
PANEL
Bulk Data Entry
PANEL Panel Definition for Panel Participation Output
Description
Defines up to four sets of grid points or elements as panels for panel participation output for a
frequency response analysis of a coupled fluid-structural model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PANEL
NAME1
SID1
NAME2
SID2
NAME3
SID3
NAME4
SID4
Field
Contents
NAME#
Panel label.
(10)

SID#
Set identification number for a set of grids or elements.

Comments
1.
If a set of elements is defined, the panel will consist of all grid points connected to these
elements.
Altair Engineering

PANELG
Bulk Data Entry
PANELG Generic Panel Definition
Description
Defines a set of grid points and/or elements as generic panel.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PANELG
ID
NAME
TYPE
ESID
GSID
Field
Contents
ID
Unique panel identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

NAME
Panel label.
TYPE
Panel type.
Default = blank (PFP, ERP, SOUND, or blank, See comment 1)
ESID

GSID
Set identification number for a set of grids.

Comments
1.
The panel type indicates the context in which the panel should be used. PFP indicates
that the panel should be considered for panel participation output (similar to PANEL). ERP
indicates that the panel should be considered for equivalent radiated power output

Altair Engineering
(similar to ERPPNL). SOUND indicates that the panel should be considered for radiated
sound output. Blank indicates that the panel should be considered in any context
involving panels.
2.
Panels of type ERP/SOUND (or blank) may be defined as a set of elements, a set of grid
points, or both. If a set of elements is defined, the panel will consist of all grid points
connected to these elements. If both sets are defined, the panel will consist of the
intersection of those sets.
3.
Panels of type PFP must be defined as a set of grid points exclusively.
4.
The element set can also consist of solid elements. In such cases, grids on the wetted
surface are automatically detected to define the panel.
Altair Engineering

PARAM
Bulk Data Entry
PARAM Solution Control Parameter
Description
Defines values for parameters used during analysis and optimization.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
PARAM
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PARAM
C OUPMASS
YES
Field
Contents
Name of Parameter.
Value of Parameter.
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Parameter
Description
Values
ACMODL12
Used to restore the ACMODL formulation used in

version 12.0 and earlier for the Fluid-Structure
Interface.
YES, NO
Default = NO
AGGPCH
To support output of the fluid-structure coupling

matrix to the Punch (.pch) file as a matrix defined
YES, NO

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
Values
using DMIG data entry.
Default = NO
AKUSMOD
Use external fluid-structure coupling matrix

generated by AKUSMOD.
YES, NO
Default = NO
ALPHA1
Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for

structural mesh.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
ALPHA2
Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for

structural mesh.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
ALPHA1FL
Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for fluid

mesh.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
ALPHA2FL
Adds Rayleigh damping to viscous damping for fluid

mesh.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
AMLS
Use external AMLS eigenvalue solver.
YES, NO
Default = NO
AMLSMAXR
Used to determine singularities in the stiffness matrix <REAL>

for AMLS eigenvalue solver.
Default = 1.0e-8
AMLSMEM
Defines the amount of memory in Gigabytes to be

used by the external AMLS eigenvalue solver.
<REAL>
No default
AMLSNCPU
Identify number of cpu's to be used by AMLS

eigenvalue solver.
1, 2, 4
Default = no. of cpus
used by the solver
AMLSUCON
Constrain unconnected grids for AMLS eigenvalue

solver.
1, 0
Default = 0
AMSESLM
Indicate if the AMSES numerical mode for enforced

motion based modal dynamic analysis with large
mass method will be activated or not.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
ASCOUP
Generates the fluid-structure coupling (area) matrix

for use in the solution.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
AUTOMSET
Automatically convert dependent degrees-of-
<YES, NO>
Altair Engineering

Parameter
Description
Values
freedom of rigid elements to independent degreesof-freedom.
Default = YES
AUTOSPC
Automatically constrain degrees-of-freedom with no

stiffness.
YES, NO
Default = YES
AUTOSPRT
Activate inertia relief and auto-support degree-offreedom generation.
1, 0
Default = 1
BUSHRLMT
Issues a WARNING when the stiffness value for

rotational components on the PBUSH entry exceeds
the specified limit (BUSHRLMT).
<Real Number > 0.0>

Default = 1.0E+09
BUSHSTIF
Specifies a value to replace large stiffness values

(>1.0E+07) input in field K of the PBUSH data entry.
<Real Number > 0.0>

No default
BUSHTLMT

translational components on the PBUSH entry
exceeds the specified limit (BUSHTLMT).
<Real Number > 0.0>

Default = 1E+07
CB2
Scale factor for direct input damping matrices.
Real
Default = 1.0
CHECKEL
Activate element quality checking.
NO, YES, FULL

Default = YES
CHECKMAT
Activate material property checking.
YES, NO, FULL

Default = YES
CHKGPDIR
Activate gap direction alignment checking.
YES, NO, WARN,

FULL, REVERSE
Default = YES
CK2
Scale factor for direct input stiffness matrices.
Real
Default = 1.0
CK3
Specifies factors for the stiffness matrix produced

by GENEL cards.
Real
Default = 1.0
CM2
Scale factor for direct input mass matrices.
Real
Default = 1.0

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
Values
CMFTINIT
Defines lower threshold for *.HM.comp.cmf and

*.HM.ent.cmf HyperMesh command files.
0.0 < REAL < 1.0

Default = 0.0
CMFTSTEP
Defines step or interval value for *.HM.comp.cmf

and *.HM.ent.cmf HyperMesh command.
0.0 < REAL < 1.0

Default = 0.1
CMSALOD
Controls the inclusion of mass contribution from the

mass matrix stored in the PUNCH DMIG or the H3D
DMIG files for the generation of RFORCE and Gravity
Loads.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
CMSDIRM
Allows flexible body generation when directional

masses are defined in the input file.
YES, NO
Default = NO
CMSOFST
Consider shell offsets for flexbody generation.
<YES, NO>
Default - NO
COEFFC
Friction coefficient on curvatures for one-step

Real > 0.0
COMP2SHL
Results of homogenization of composite properties.
CONTFEL
Activates Contact-friendly elements. This is

recommended when second order solids/gaskets are
used with contact analysis in OptiStruct.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
COUPMASS
Use coupled mass matrix approach for eigenvalue

analysis.
-1, 0, 1, YES, NO
Default = NO
CP2
Scale factor for direct input load matrices.
Real
Default = 1.0
CSTEVAL
Use wall time based cost evaluation for Lanczos

steps.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
CSTOL
Specifies how many decimal digits may be lost to

cancellation in one operation during the
eigensolution process.
Real
Default = 3.5
DFREQ
Used to determine duplicate frequencies.
Real
Altair Engineering
YES, NO,
BULK
Default = NO

Parameter
Description
Values
Default = 10-5
DISIFMCK
Skip indefinite mass matrix check.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
DISJOINT
Used to allow AMLS to handle disconnected parts.

This can also be accomplished with
PARAM,AMLSUCON.
Integer
Default = NONE
DUPTOL
Level of accuracy used in determining duplicate

grids.
<0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5>
Default = 0
EFFMAS
Output modal participation factors and effective

mass for normal modes analyses.
YES, NO, Integer

Default = NO
EHD
Prints the inverse of the stiffness matrix created by

static reduction to FORTRAN unit 3
<YES,NO>
Default = NO
ELASRLMT

rotational components on the CELAS2/4 or PELAS
entry exceeds the specified limit (ELASRLMT).
<Real Number > 0.0>

Default = 1.0E + 09
ELASSTIF
Specifies a value to replace large stiffness values

(>1.0E+07) input in field K of the PELAS data entry.
<Real Number > 0.0>

No default
ELASTLMT

translational components on the CELAS2/4 or PELAS
entry exceeds the specified limit (ELASTLMT).
<Real Number > 0.0>

Default = 1E+07
ENFMOTN
Switch between relative and absolute displacement

output in Modal Frequency Response Analysis with
enforced motion.
<REL, ABS>
Default = ABS
ERPC
The speed of sound used in the ERP calculation
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
ERPREFDB
The reference value in decibels (dB) used in ERP

calculations.
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
ERPRHO
The fluid density used in ERP calculations.
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
Values
ERPRLF
The Radiation Loss Factor used in ERP calculation.
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
EXCEXB
Controls the output of the AVL/EXCITE .exb file

directly from OptiStruct.
<YES, BOTH, NO>

Default = BOTH
EXCOUT
Outputs of condensed superelement information for

AVL/EXCITE.
<-1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6>
Default = 0
EXPERTNL
Activates nonlinear expert system to aid in the

convergence of small displacement nonlinear
problems.
YES, NO
Default = NO
EXTOUT
Output reduced matrices to .pch or .dmg file.
<DMIGPCH, DMIGBIN>
No default
FASTFR
Controls the activation of a faster, alternative

method (FASTFR) for Modal Frequency Response
Analysis.
<YES, NO>
Default = AUTO
FFRS
Used to invoke the external FastFRS (Fast

Frequency Response Solver).
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
FFRSLFREQ
Defines a frequency cut-off value in Hertz used to

partition the structural system into low frequency
and high frequency parts.
Real
Default = 1.0
FFRSMEM
Defines the amount of memory in Gigabytes to be

<Real>
used by the external FastFRS modal equation solver. Default = 2.0 (GB)
FFRSNCPU
Defines the number of cpus to be used by the

external FastFRS solver.
<INTEGER>
Default = number of
cpu's used by
OptiStruct.
FLEXH3D
Generate flexh3d files for flexible bodies in an MBD

analysis.
<AUTO, YES, NO>

Default = AUTO
FLIPOK
Allows tetrahedral elements to invert during shape

optimization.
NO, YES
Default = NO
Altair Engineering

Parameter
Description
Values
FRIC
Define multiplier for K2PP reference.
<REAL>
Default = 1.0
FZERO
Identify the maximum frequency of a rigid body

mode.
<REAL>
Default = 0.1
Specifies the uniform structural damping coefficient

for dynamic analyses.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
GE_MOD
Modifies specified GE values.
<REAL> or NO_GE>
No default
GFL
Specifies the uniform fluid damping coefficient for

dynamic analyses.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
GMAR
Controls the accuracy of the external AMLS

eigenvalue solution.
<REAL>
Default = 1.1
GMAR1

<REAL>
Default = 1.7
GPSLOC
Controls where the grid point stresses are calculated Z1, Z2 and MID
for output to the .mnf file.
Default = Z1
GRDPNT
Obsolete NASTRAN parameter that will give

information about the mass properties of the
structure.
<-1, 0>
Default = -1
GRIDFORM
This parameter controls the output format of the

.grid file.
<LONG, SHORT>
Default = SHORT
GYROAVG
Used to select the frequency response analysis

formulation type for rotor dynamics analysis.
<0, -1>
Default = 0
HASHASSM
Enable hash-table based assembly.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
HFREQ
Specifies the upper bound of the frequency range of

interest for modal combination.
<REAL>
Default = None
HFREQFL
Excludes modes with frequencies greater than
<REAL>

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
Values
HFREQFL in Coupled Modal Frequency Response

Analysis (Acoustic Analysis).
(Hertz)
I64SLV
Enforces the activation of internal long (64-bit)

integer sparse direct solver.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
INREL
Controls the calculation of inertia relief.
0, -1, -2
Default = 0, for static
subcases
Default = -2, for modal
frequency response
subcases
ITAPE
Writes the Tape Label at the beginning of the

OUTPUT2 results file.
-1, 0
Default = -1
INTRFACE
Generates the .interface file to verify if proper

connection has been established between the Fluid
and Structure meshes at the interface.
YES, NO
Default = YES
K4CUTOFF
Sets cut-off value if the low rank representation for

the structural damping matrix is selected.
<REAL>
Default = 0.1
KDAMP
Enter viscous modal damping into the stiffness

matrix as structural damping.
1, -1
Default = 1
KGRGD
Include contributions from rigid elements in the

geometric stiffness matrix.
YES, NO
Default = NO
LFREQ
Can be used to remove the Rigid Body Modes from

the Modal Space.
<REAL>
Default = None
LFREQFL
Excludes modes with frequencies lower than

LFREQFL in Coupled Modal Frequency Response
Analysis (Acoustic Analysis).
<REAL> (Hertz)
LGDISP
Activates Large Displacement Nonlinear Analysis.
<1, 0, -1>
Default = 0
LMSOUT
Output the condensed Flex Body Modes, full Diagonal YES, NO, STRESS
Mass Matrix, and modal stresses to the .op2 file.
Default = NO
Altair Engineering
Default = None
Default = None

Parameter
Description
Values
LOWRANK
Indicates to FastFRS which solution strategy to use

to handle the modal structural damping matrix.
<0, -1, 1>

Default = 0
MASSDMIG
For static condensation with ASET of a static

loadcase, the reduced stiffness matrix [k] and load
vector {p} are created.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
MAXDAMP
Identify the maximum number of residual vectors to

be calculated.
<INTEGER>
Default = 400
MBDH3D
Choose the type of the results output to the .h3d

file for MBD analyses.
NODAL, MODAL, BOTH,

NONE
Default = BOTH
MBDREC
Create a small and large flexible body files during

Component Mode Synthesis (CMS).
MEMTRIM
Activate/deactivate the memory-trim feature when

using AMLS eigensolver.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
MFILTER
Defines a threshold for the mode tracking matrix to

check eigenvector correspondence.
<0.0 < real number <

1.0>
MODETRAK
Track mode numbers by comparing eigenvectors

between iterations.
-1, 0, 1, YES, NO
Default = NO
NEGMASS
Allows run to proceed with negative diagonal mass

terms.
<0, 1>
Default = 0
NLAFILE
Controls the output of animation files (A-File) in

<YES, NO>
Default = NO
NLFAT
Forces OptiStruct to run models in which fatigue

solutions reference nonlinear quasi-static analysis
(NLSTAT) subcases.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
YES, NO
Default = NO
This is not recommended; refer to the complete

PARAM, NLFAT documentation for details.
NLRFILE
Controls the output of restart files (R-File) in


<YES, NO>
Default = NO
Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
NLRUN
Controls the run of geometric nonlinear analysis after <YES, NO>

bulk to block conversion.
Default = YES
NPRBAR
Controls the number of the output INFORMATION

#741 for RBAR element.
<INTEGER>
Default = 3
NPRBE2

#741 for RBE2 element.
<INTEGER>
Default = 3
NPRGDE

#742.
<INTEGER>
Default = 3
NUMEG
Specifies the anticipated number of modes to be

calculated in order to estimate disk space usage.
<INTEGER>
1000
OGEOM
Output model data to the OUTPUT2 results file.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
OMACHPR
Select newer version of certain OUTPUT2

datablocks.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
OMID
Output stress and strain results for shell and

membrane elements with reference to the material
coordinate system.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
OP2GM34
Controls the output of GEOM3 and GEOM4 data

blocks to the .op2 file.
<TRUE, FALSE>
Default = TRUE
PLIGEXT
Print the applied load vector in DMIG form to the

.pligext file.
<YES,NO>
Default = NO
POST
Generate an OUTPUT2 results file.
0, -1, -2, -5
Default = 0
POSTEXT
Output the modal complex stiffness matrix and modal YES, NO

viscous damping matrix to the OUTPUT2 results file. Default = NO
PRESUBNL
Forces OptiStruct to run models in which Linear

Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is defined, in
conjunction with nonlinear materials (MATS1,
MATHE, or MGASK) or Large Displacement Nonlinear
Altair Engineering
Values
YES, NO
Default = NO

Parameter
Description
Values
Analysis.
This is not recommended. Refer to the complete
PARAM, PRESUBNL documentation for details.
PRGPST
Output AutoSPC information to the .out file.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
PRINFACC
Controls the output of inertial relief rigid body forces

and accelerations.
<1, 0>
RBE2FREE
Used to convert ERROR 725 into WARNING 825 when

singular RBE2 elements are present in the model.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
RBE3FREE
Used to convert ERROR 772 into WARNING 824 when

free spiders on RBE3 elements are present in the
model. These free spiders may contain singular
degrees of freedom.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
RBMEIG
Defines the cut-off eigenvalue for determining rigid

body modes calculated by AMLS.
<REAL>
Default = 0.1
REANAL
Reanalyze the final iteration of a topology

optimization without penalization.
0.0 < REAL < 1.0

No default
RECOVER
Allows you to request full-structure mode shape

output instead of the modes of the condensed
system generated during Component Mode Synthesis
(CMS) within the specified range of frequencies.
<LB, UB>
Default for LB = 0.0,
and UB must be
specified
RENUMOK
Allows you to correctly renumber the reversed (but

acceptable) sequence of element grids without
having to run (import and re-export) the model
through HyperMesh.
<YES, NO, BLANK>

Default = NO
RFIOUT
This parameter controls the output of modal super

element for use in the RecurDyn multibody dynamics
software from FunctionBay.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
RHOCP
The scale factor used to calculate ERP in decibels

(dB).
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
RSPLICOR
RSPLINE end rotation correction.
0, 1, REAL > 1.0

Default = 0

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
Values
SEP1XOVR
The old and new location of moved shell grid points

are printed if SEP1XOVR = 16.
0, 16
Default = 0
SEPLOT
Output display model to .seplot file, from a CMS

run.
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
SH4NRP
Controls the full projection of 4-node shell elements

in NLGEOM implicit analysis.
0, 1, 2
Default = 0 in NLGEOM
subcases
Default = 1 in IMPDYN
subcases
SHELOS11
Allows you to revert to the first order shell element

<YES, NO>
formulation (for CQUAD4 and CTRIA3) used in version Default = NO
11.0.240 and earlier.
SHL2MEM
A shell property (defined by the PSHELL bulk data

entry) is automatically converted into a membrane
property if the membrane thickness (field T) of the
PSHELL bulk data entry is less than the value
specified using PARAM, SHL2MEM.
<Real Number > 0.0>

No default
SHPBCKOR
Defines the type and order of approximation used in

plate bending geometric stiffness for linear shell
elements (CQUAD4, CTRIA3).
1, 2
Default = 1
SIMPACK
Requests generation of the SIMPACK .fbi file

containing flexible body information for SIMPACK
analysis.
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Default =0
SMDISP
Controls if small displacement formulation or large

displacement formulation is used.
0, 1
Default = 0
SNAPTHRU
Controls the output of the force-deflection curve in

<YES,NO>
Default = NO
SORTCON
Controls the output of violated constraints to the

.out file from an optimization.
<INTEGER>
Default = 20
SPLC
Specifies the speed of sound used in the wave

number and the complex particle velocity vector
calculations.
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
Altair Engineering

Parameter
Description
Values
SPLFAC
Specifies the scale factor (q ) used to calculate the

Sound Pressure Level in Radiated Sound Analysis.
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
SPLREFDB
Specifies the reference sound pressure value used

to calculate the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in
decibels (dB).
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
SPLRHO
Specifies the density of the acoustic medium in the

calculation of the complex acoustic sound pressure
and the complex particle velocity vector.
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
SRCOMPS
Outputs the strength ratios for composite elements

that have failure indices requested.
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
SS2GCR

<REAL>
Default = 5.0
STRTHR
Specifies the von Mises stress threshold value above

which the stress results are output for a model.
Default = 0.0
THCNTPEN
Controls the penalty factor used in thermal contact

analysis.
AUTO, LOW, HIGH

Default = AUTO
TOLRSC
Connecting grid points of the shell element are

moved onto the solid face.
<REAL>
Default = 0.05
TRAKMETH
Used to select the criterion employed for mode

tracking.
<0, 1, 2>
Default = 0
TRAKMTX
Controls output of the mode tracking matrix during

optimization.
<0, 1>
Default = 0
TPS
Activate fast transient response analysis (only shell

stress results output).
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
UCORD
Specifies the coordinate system in which the mass

moment of inertia is output. It also can be used to
control the point about which the mass moment of
inertia is calculated.
<CID>
Allows you to prevent the inclusion of the Virtual
<Integer = 0, 1, 2>
VMOPT

Default = -1
Altair Engineering
Parameter
Description
Values
Mass Matrix in the Regular Mass Matrix for Modal

Dynamic Subcases. In such cases, the virtual mass
is added after the eigen solution and modes are
modified based on the virtual mass matrix.
Default = 0
W3
Convert structural damping to equivalent viscous

damping for transient analysis.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
W4
Convert structural damping to equivalent viscous

damping for transient analysis.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
WR3
Used to include or exclude frequency dependent

damping in rotor dynamics analysis.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
WR4
Used to include or exclude frequency dependent

damping in rotor dynamics analysis.
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
WTMASS
Convert weights to masses using this multiplier.
REAL > 0.0

Default = 1.0
Comments
1.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, ACMODL12
Parameter
ACMODL
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
PARAM, ACMODL12, YES can be used to restore the

ACMODL formulation used in version 12.0 and earlier for the
Fluid-Structure Interface.
Note
In OptiStruct 13.0 the new and improved ACMODL
formulation will couple the fluid grids at the interface to only
a single layer of structural grids. This parameter can be
used to restore the formulation used prior to 13.0. The old
formulation coupled the fluid face to every structural grid in
the search box.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, AGGPCH
Parameter
AGGPCH
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
If YES, OptiStruct will output the Fluid-Structure

coupling matrix to the Punch file (.pch) as a matrix
defined using the DMIG data entry, with the name
AGGAX. This DMIG can be used in a subsequent
OptiStruct run using the A2GG Solution Control
Command.
If NO, the Fluid-Structure coupling matrix will not be
output to the Punch file (.pch).
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AKUSMOD
Parameter
AKUSMOD
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
If YES, this indicates that OptiStruct should use a fluidstructure coupling matrix generated by AKUSMOD. In this
case, the ACMODL data is ignored.
By default it is presumed that the AKUSMOD coupling matrix
is to be found in the same directory as the solver input file
and is given the file name ftn.70. However an alternate
file name and location may be assigned via the
ASSIGN,AKUSMOD command.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, ALPHA1
Parameter
ALPHA1
Values
Description
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
PARAM, ALPHA1 is used in frequency response,

transient response and modal complex eigenvalue
analyses.
If PARAM, ALPHA1 and/or PARAM, ALPHA2 are not equal
to zero, then Rayleigh damping is added to the viscous
damping. ALPHA1 is the scale factor applied to the
mass matrix and ALPHA2 to the structural stiffness
matrix as in:
Altair Engineering

PARAM, ALPHA2
Parameter
ALPHA2
Values
Description
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
PARAM, ALPHA2 is used in frequency response, transient

response and modal complex eigenvalue analyses.
If PARAM, ALPHA1 and/or PARAM, ALPHA2 are not equal to
zero, then Rayleigh damping is added to the viscous
damping. ALPHA1 is the scale factor applied to the mass
matrix and ALPHA2 to the structural stiffness matrix as in:

Altair Engineering
PARAM, ALPHA1FL
Parameter
ALPHA1FL
Values
Description
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
PARAM, ALPHA1FL is used in frequency and transient

response analysis.
If PARAM, ALPHA1FL and/or PARAM, ALPHA2FL are not equal
damping. ALPHA1FL is the scale factor applied to the mass
matrix and ALPHA2FL to the fluid stiffness matrix as in:
Altair Engineering

PARAM, ALPHA2FL
Parameter
ALPHA2FL
Values
Description
<REAL>
Default = 0.0
PARAM, ALPHA2FL is used in frequency and transient

response analysis.
If PARAM, ALPHA1FL and/or PARAM, ALPHA2FL are not equal
damping. ALPHA1FL is the scale factor applied to the mass
matrix and ALPHA2FL to the fluid stiffness matrix as in:

Altair Engineering
PARAM, AMLS
Parameter
Values
Description
AMLS
YES, NO
Default = NO
This parameter is used to invoke the external AMLS

eigenvalue solver. This solver is faster than the Lanczos
solver for large eigenvalue problems. Note that AMLS must
be installed on the system and the environment variable
AMLS_EXE must point to the AMLS executable for this
setting to work.
If YES, then the external AMLS eigenvalue solver is used.
If NO, then the internal Lanczos eigenvlaue solver is used.
Refer to the Users Guide section, Using the AMLS
(Automatic Multi-Level Sub-structuring) Eigensolver for
more details.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AMLSMAXR
Parameter
Values
Description
AMLSMAXR
<REAL>
PARAM, AMLSMAXR is used to determine singularities in
Default = 1.0e-8 the stiffness matrix.
If the value of AMLSMAXR is exceeded in the process of
factoring a stiffness matrix, this indicates a singularity in
K. If the mass of this degree-of-freedom is zero, there
is a "massless mechanism"; an SPC is applied and a
message is written to the .out file. If there is mass,
then this is a mechanism which is treated as a rigid body
mode and a message is written to the .out file.
more details.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, AMLSMEM
Parameter
Values
AMLSMEM
<REAL>
Description
This parameter is used to define the amount of memory

in Gigabytes to be used by the external AMLS eigenvalue
Default =
solver. This parameter is only valid for AMLS versions 5
Memory used by and higher.
OptiStruct for a
Note
particular run.
1.
If this parameter is not set, AMLS will use the

amount of memory that OptiStruct is using for the
run.
2.
OptiStruct and AMLS can be run with different

allocations of memory. For example, OptiStruct can
be run with 10.0 Gigabytes and AMLS with 20.0
Gigabytes in the same run.
3.
If the environment variable AMLS_MEM is set, it will

override the value set using PARAM,AMLSMEM.
4.
This parameter can be used only if PARAM, AMLS is

set to YES.

more details.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AMLSNCPU
Parameter
Values
Description
AMLSNCPU
1, 2, 4
Default = no. of
cpus
used by the solver
This parameter is used to define the number of cpus

to be used by the external AMLS eigenvalue solver.
This parameter will set the environment variable
OMP_NUM_THREADS.
The default value is the current value of
OMP_NUM_THREADS. Note that this value can be set
through the command line arguments nproc or
ncpu.
OptiStruct and AMLS can be run with different
allocations of processors. For example, OptiStruct
can be run with 1 processor and AMLS with 4
processors in the same run.
Only valid when PARAM, AMLS is set to YES.
(Automatic Multi-Level Sub-structuring) Eigensolver
for more details.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, AMLSUCON
Parameter
AMLSUCON
Values
Description
0, 1
Default = 0
This parameter is used to indicate whether or not

unconnected grids are to be constrained for AMLS run.
If 0, then unconnected grids are not constrained.
If 1, then unconnected grids are to be constrained.
more details.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AMSESLM
Parameter
AMSESLM
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
YES: The EIGRA (AMSES) numerical method for enforced

motion based modal dynamic analysis with large mass
method will be activated.
NO: The EIGRA (AMSES) numerical method for enforced
motion based modal dynamic analysis with large mass
method will not be activated.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, ASCOUP
Parameter
ASCOUP
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
If YES, the fluid-structure coupling (area) matrix will

be calculated and used in the solution.
If NO, the fluid-structure (area) matrix is not
calculated.
Note: PARAM,AGGPCH,YES should be used to output
the matrix to the Punch (.pch) file.
PARAM,ASCOUP,NO is required when the fluidstructure coupling (area) matrix is read in from
the Punch (.pch) file.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AUTOMSET
Parameter
AUTOMSET
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
Defaults
1. The default is NO
when the
parameter is not
present in the
deck.
2. The default is YES
when PARAM,
AUTOMSET is
input without
specifying a
value.
If YES, the dependent degrees-of-freedom of rigid

elements may be converted to independent degreesof-freedom when conversion is necessary for the
model to run.
If NO, the above conversion will not be performed.
The model may not run when multiple constraint
equations reference the same dependent degree-offreedom more than once.
Note:
1.
This parameter can be used if the dependent

degree-of-freedom (DOF) of a rigid element is
SPCed, part of the ASET, or if it is a dependent
DOF of another constraint equation (MPC
equation or another rigid element).
2.
PARAM, AUTOMSET, YES can be used in models

with SPCed dependent rigid element grids, only
if multiple SPC sets are present in multiple
subcases.
3.
AUTOMSET cannot be used to convert the

dependent degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a rigid
element constrained by global SPCs to
independent DOFs. In such situations, it is
recommended to create another subcase with a
different SPC set.
4.
AUTOMSET cannot be used if Direct Matrix Input

(DMIG) generation is performed using the Static
Condensation method (Component Mode
Synthesis (CMSMETH entry) is not used).

Altair Engineering
PARAM, AUTOSPC
Parameter
Values
Description
AUTOSPC
YES, NO
Default = YES
If YES, the global stiffness matrix is checked for

degrees-of-freedom with no stiffness. If found, these
degrees-of-freedom are automatically constrained.
If NO, the degrees of freedom with no stiffness are not
automatically constrained.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AUTOSPRT
Parameter
Values
Description
AUTOSPRT
<1, 0>
Default = 1
This parameter applies to residual vector calculation in

inertia relief analysis.
If 1, rigid body modes from the eigenvalue analysis
(PARAM,FZERO defines cut-off for determination of rigid
body modes) are used to automatically generate
SUPORT dofs.
If 0, SUPORT dofs are automatically generated using the
6 geometric rigid body modes.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, BUSHRLMT
Parameter
BUSHRLMT
Values
Description
<Real Number > This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the
0.0>
stiffness value for rotational components on the PBUSH
entry exceeds the specified limit (BUSHRLMT).
Default = 1.0E +
09
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, BUSHSTIF
is used to control the maximum stiffness value.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, BUSHSTIF
Description
This parameter can accept two arguments. If only one argument is specified, the same value
is used for the second argument.
Format
PARAM, BUSHSTIF, <BUSHSTIFT>, <BUSHSTIFR>
Parameter
BUSHSTIFT
Values
Description
<Real Number > This parameter controls the value of field K in the
0.0>
PBUSH property entries.
No default
BUSHSTIFR
BUSHSTIFT:
This value applies to translational stiffness fields on the
property entry (first three values).
<Real Number >

BUSHSTIFR:
0.0>
This value applies to rotational stiffness values on the
Default =
property entry.
<BUSHSTIFT>
Note:
1.
Any value on the field K on the PBUSH entry which

exceeds BUSHSTIFT or BUSHSTIFR, respectively will
be replaced by BUSHSTIFT or BUSHSTIFR.
2.
Either BUSHSTIFT or BUSHSTIFR (or both) can be

set to 0.0. This will disable stiffness control for the
corresponding translational or rotational stiffnesses.
3.
Defaults:
a. If BUSHSTIFT is input without specifying a value,
then OptiStruct will error out (no default). The
default for BUSHSTIFR is BUSHSTIFT.
b. If PARAM, BUSHSTIF is not included in the deck,
the stiffness value (Field K) is not replaced
regardless of its value (no stiffness control).
4.
This parameter applies, in a similar fashion, to the

PBUSH1D Rod-type Spring-and-Damper Property as
well (using BUSHSTIFT).

Altair Engineering
PARAM, BUSHTLMT
Parameter
BUSHTLMT
Values
Description
<Real Number > This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the
0.0>
stiffness value for translational components on the
PBUSH entry exceeds the specified limit (BUSHTLMT).
Default = 1E+07
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, BUSHSTIF
Altair Engineering

PARAM, CB2
Parameter
Values
Description
CB2
Real
Default = 1.0
CB2 specified factors for the direct input damping matrix.

The total damping matrix is:
where
is selected via the subcase information
command B2GG, and

comes from CDAMP1, CDAMP2,
CDAMP3, CDAMP4, or CVISC element bulk data entries.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, CHECKEL
Parameter
CHECKEL
Values
Description
NO, YES, FULL

Default = YES
If NO, element quality checks are not performed, but

mathematical validity checks are performed.
If YES, the geometric quality of each element is
checked. Any violation of the error limits is counted as a
fatal error and the run will stop. Any violation of warning
limits is non-fatal. Error or warning messages are printed
for elements violating the limits along with the offending
property values. The amount of output is limited to the
first 3 occurrences for each individual case, plus a
summary table of all errors.
If FULL, the same checks are performed as for YES, but
the error or warning messages are printed for all of the
elements violating the error or warning limits.
See Element Quality Check for an overview of the
element quality checking performed by the solver.
The ELEMQUAL bulk data entry may be used to control
the values for warning and error limits for each quality
check, but validity limits cannot be altered by the user.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, CHECKMAT
Parameter
CHECKMAT
Values
Description
YES, NO, FULL

Default = YES
If YES, the material properties for all referenced material

definitions are checked for adherence to the default
material requirements as described on the Material
Property Check page. The amount of output is limited.
If NO, mathematical requirement checks only are
performed for all referenced material definitions.
If FULL, material property checks are performed as when
the value is YES, but all violations are output.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, CHKGPDIR
Parameter
CHKGPDIR
Values
Description
YES, NO, WARN,

FULL, REVERSE
Default = YES
If YES, all gap elements of non-zero length (distance

between GA-GB) that have a prescribed coordinate
system CID are checked for misalignment of gap
prescribed axis (x-axis of CID) with the vector GA->GB
(angles larger than 30 degrees produce errors). The
amount of output is limited to the first ten occurrences.
Note that this check applies correctly to the most
typical situations where in there is an initial opening
between bodies A and B, and the gap element is used
to enforce non-penetration condition (for other cases,
see the REVERSE option below).
If NO, no gap CID direction checks are performed.
If WARN, only warnings are issued.
If FULL, the error or warning messages are printed for
all gap elements violating this check.
If REVERSE, orientations of vector GA->GB generally
opposite to the prescribed x-axis of CID system are also
accepted (this can be used in cases when gap is used
to model rope behavior or when there is initial
penetration, rather than gap, between bodies A and B).
The tolerance levels are the same as for YES, except
that they are measured from either 0 or 180 degrees
reference angle.
For more details, refer to the CGAP description.
PARAM, CHKGPDIR is superseded by the CKGAPDIR
parameter on the GAPPRM bulk data entry if present.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, CK2
Parameter
CK2
Values
Description
Real
Default = 1.0
CK2 specifies factors for the direct input stiffness matrix.

The total stiffness matrix is:
where
command K2GG, and

is generated from structural
element entries in the bulk data section.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, CK3
Parameter
CK3
Values
Description
Real
Default = 1.0
CK3 specifies factors for the stiffness matrix produced by

GENEL cards. The total stiffness matrix is:
where
is the stiffness generated by all GENEL cards
and
is the combination of the stiffness generated
from structural element entries in the bulk data section and
the stiffness generated by the subcase information
command K2GG and scaled by PARAM,CK2.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, CM2
Parameter
CM2
Values
Description
Real
Default = 1.0
CM2 specifies factors for the direct input mass matrix. The
total mass matrix is:
where
command M2GG, and

is generated from the mass
element entries in the bulk data section.

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PARAM, CMFTINIT
Parameter
CMFTINIT
Values
Description
0.0 < REAL < 1.0 PARAM, CMFTINIT defines the lower threshold value used
Default = 0.0
for the HyperMesh command files *.HM.comp.cmf and
*.HM.ent.cmf.
These command files are used to organize elements,
which formed a topology or free-size design space, into
components (.comp.cmf) or sets (.ent.cmf), based on
their optimized densities/thicknesses.
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PARAM, CMFTSTEP
Parameter
CMFTSTEP
Values
Description
0.0 < REAL < 1.0

Default = 0.1
PARAM, CMFTSTEP defines the step or interval value

used for the HyperMesh command files *.HM.comp.cmf
and *.HM.ent.cmf.
These command files are used to organize elements,
which formed a topology or free-size design space, into
components (.comp.cmf) or sets (.ent.cmf), based on
their optimized densities/thicknesses.

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PARAM, CMSALOD
Parameter
CMSALOD
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
PARAM, CMSALOD controls the generation of RFORCE and

Gravity loads from the mass matrix stored in the PUNCH
DMIG or H3DDMIG file.
If YES, the RFORCE and Gravity loads include the
contribution from the mass matrix stored in the PUNCH
DMIG or H3DDMIG file.
If NO, the DMIG mass contribution is ignored when
generating the RFORCE and Gravity loads.
Refer to Direct Matrix Input and DMIG.
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PARAM, CMSDIRM
Parameter
CMSDIRM
Values
Description
YES, NO
Default = NO
PARAM, CMSDIRM allows flexible body generation when

directional masses are defined in the input file.
If YES, the existence of directional mass will be allowed
for flexbody generation runs. A warning will be issued for
the ignored or approximated CMASS1, CMASS2, and
CONM1.
If NO, the run will be terminated with an ERROR if the
input file contains directional mass definitions and flexible
body generation is requested.
See the Users Guide entry on Flexible Body Generation.

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PARAM, CMSOFST
Parameter
CMSOFST
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
PARAM, CMSOFST applies to Component Mode Synthesis

(CMS) runs for flexbody generation.
While element offsets are valid for DMIG generation, that
is performing CMS with METHOD = CBN or GUYAN, they
are undesirable for flexbody generation, that is
performing CMS with METHOD = CC or CB, as it may
introduce approximation error into the generated
flexh3d file, and so in general, you will not solve these
problems.
However, the approximation error for plates offset by
half of their thickness, such that the grids can be
aligned on one side of the plate surface, is tolerable.
Setting this parameter to YES will allow problems with
this kind of offset to be solved.
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PARAM, COEFFC
Parameter
Values
Description
COEFFC
Real > 0.0
Value of the friction coefficient on curvatures for onestep stamping simulation.

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PARAM, COMP2SHL
Parameter
Values
Description
COMP2SHL
YES, NO,
BULK
Default = NO
If YES or blank, results of homogenization of composite

properties (equivalent shell and material, PSHELL and
MAT2) will be printed in a descriptive form in the
.out file.
If NO, echo of composite homogenization will not be
printed.
If BULK, then results of composite homogenization
(equivalent PSHELL and MAT2) will be printed in a
version corresponding to bulk data input in large field
(long) format. This version can be cut and pasted
directly into an OptiStruct input deck.
Note: The equivalent shell and materials represent
composite properties as they are defined in the
input deck. In optimization runs involving
composites, OptiStruct internally adjusts and
changes the composite properties. Such
changes are not reflected in the equivalent
shell results printed by this command.
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PARAM, CONTFEL
Parameter
Values
Description
CONTFEL
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
If YES, Contact-friendly elements are activated.

PARAM, CONTFEL, YES is recommended when second
order solids/gaskets are used with contact analysis in
OptiStruct.
If NO, Contact-friendly elements are not activated.

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PARAM, COUPMASS
Parameter
Values
Description
COUPMASS
-1, 0, 1, YES,
NO
Default = NO
If -1, 0 or NO, the lumped mass matrix approach is used

for eigenvalue analysis.
If 1 or YES, the coupled mass matrix approach is used
for eigenvalue analysis.
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PARAM, CP2
Parameter
Values
Description
CP2
Real
Default = 1.0
CP2 specifies factors for the direct input load matrix.

The total load matrix is:
where
command P2G, and

is generated from the static
load entries in the bulk data section.

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PARAM, CSTEVAL
Parameter
Values
Description
CSTEVAL
YES, NO
Default = YES
This parameter controls whether to use wall time based

cost evaluation to provide the optimal performance in
running Lanczos steps.
The wall time based cost evaluation is a function of
system performance, hence it could be influenced by the
system load. Although it rarely happens, this influence
could result in a different number of Lanczos steps,
which could cause the resulting eigenvalues having a
round off difference. In most cases, this small difference
in solution is completely negligible for analysis. However,
it can produce visible differences in optimization runs or
in any solution that is sensitive to the small difference of
the obtained eigenvalues and eigenvectors.
If Yes, the wall time based cost evaluation is performed.
If NO, the wall time based cost evaluation is not
performed.
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PARAM, CSTOL
Parameter
Values
Description
CSTOL
<Real>
Default = 3.5
PARAM, CSTOL relates to the FastFRS interface.

If the low rank representation is not selected, then a
cancellation tolerance must be provided. The CSTOL
value specifies how many decimal digits may be lost to
cancellation in one operation during the eigensolution
process. Since double precision arithmetic maintains
nearly 16 digits of precision, the recommended limit of
3.5 on the number of digits lost leaves more than 12
digits, which is quite conservative for maintaining
adequate accuracy for engineering purposes. You may
choose to increase this value to speed computation, at
the risk of introducing inaccuracy from uncorrected
cancellation error. Setting it to 16 turns off the
capability to address cancellation error in the
eigensolution, and this has consistently been found to
give very satisfactory results when the number of modes
is under three thousand.
Refer to the Users Guide section, FastFRS Usage (Fast
Frequency Response Solver) for more details.

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PARAM, DFREQ
Parameter
Values
Description
DFREQ
Real
Default = 10-5
DFREQ specified the threshold for the elimination of

duplicate frequencies on all FREQi bulk data entries.
and
are considered duplicated if
where
and
are the maximum and minimum
excitation frequencies of the combined FREQi entries.
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PARAM, DISIFMCK
Parameter
Values
Description
DISIFMCK
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
For vibrational eigenvalue analysis, the mass matrix must be

positive semi-definite. However, if this is simply caused by
numerical ill-conditioning, then PARAM,DISIFMCK may be used
to skip the indefinite mass matrix check.
YES
Skip indefinite mass matrix checking.
NO
Perform indefinite mass matrix checking.

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PARAM, DISJOINT
Parameter
Values
Description
DISJOINT
<Integer>
DISJOINT is used to allow AMLS to handle disconnected
Default = NONE parts. This can also be accomplished with
PARAM,AMLSUCON.
PARAM, DISJOINT should be set to one larger than the
number of disconnected parts as determined by AMLS.
PARAM, DISJOINT causes the environment variable
AMLS_NPART to be set to the value of PARAM, DISJOINT.
AMLS will read the value of AMLS_NPART and handle the
disconnected structure.
PARAM, DISJOINT can be set to a real value for
compatibility, but it is recommended to use an integer
value.
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PARAM, DUPTOL
Parameter
Values
Description
DUPTOL
<0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5> PARAM, DUPTOL controls how many decimal places

Default = 0
can differ when comparing X, Y, and Z coordinates on
GRID and CORDxx cards with identical ID. Obsolete,
use SYSSETTINGS,DUPTOL command.

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PARAM, EFFMAS
Param
eter
Values
Description
EFFMA
S
<YES,
NO,
Integer>
Default =
NO
When EFFMAS < 0 or NO, the modal participation factors, modal

participation factor ratio, and modal effective mass are not output for
normal modes analysis.
When EFFMAS > 0 or YES, the modal participation factors, modal
participation factor ratio, and modal effective mass will be computed and
output to the .out and .pch files for normal modes analysis. They are
computed as follows:
Modal Participation Factor =

The Modal Participation Factor is a measure of how close each mode is
to a rigid body mode.
The Modal Participation Factor Ratio is the Modal Participation Factor for
each rotational and translational direction divided by the maximum Modal
Participation Factor of all the modes for that direction. So, each of the
six directions will have a value of 1.0 for the mode that has the
maximum Modal Participation Factor and the other modes will have a
value less than 1.0.
Modal Effective Mass =

The Modal Effective Mass is a measure of how much mass is associated
with each mode.
whe
re
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is the matrix of eigenvectors.

[m]
is the system mass matrix.
[V]
is the objective function matrix. Six rigid body modes are

used as objective function in normal modes analysis to
obtain [PF] and [EFFMAS].
[M]
is the diagonal modal mass matrix.

PARAM, EHD
Parameter
Values
Description
EHD
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
This parameter is used to print the inverse of the

stiffness matrix created by static reduction to FORTRAN
unit 3. The inverse reduced stiffness matrix is written in
NASTRAN MATPRN format.
To perform static reduction there must be ASET data
and PARAM,EXTOUT,DMIGPCH in the input data. After
the stiffness matrix is reduced to the ASET DOF, its
inverse is calculated and written using NASTRAN
MATPRN format to FORTRAN unit 3.
PARAM,EXTOUT,DMIGPCH must also be specified when
this parameter is used in order to trigger the static
reduction.

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PARAM, ELASRLMT
Parameter
ELASRLMT
Values
Description
<Real Number >

0.0>
Default = 1.0E +
09
This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the

stiffness value for rotational components on the
CELAS2/4 or PELAS entry exceeds the specified limit
(ELASRLMT).
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, ELASSTIF
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PARAM, ELASSTIF
Description
This parameter can accept two arguments. If only one argument is specified, the same value
is used for the second argument.
Format
PARAM, ELASSTIF, <ELASSTIFT>, <ELASSTIFR>
Parameter
ELASSTIFT
ELASSTIFR
Values
Description
<Real Number > This parameter controls the value of field K in the
0.0>
PELAS scalar elastic property entry and the CELAS2/
CELAS4 scalar spring property and connection entries.
No default
ELASSTIFT:
This value applies to translational stiffness fields on the
PELAS scalar elastic property entry and the CELAS2/
ELASSTIFR:
This value applies to rotational stiffness values on the
<Real Number > PELAS scalar elastic property entry and the CELAS2/
0.0>
Default =
<ELASSTIFT>
Note:
1.
Any value on the field K on the PELAS or CELAS2/

CELAS4 entry which exceeds ELASSTIFT or
ELASSTIFR, respectively will be replaced by
ELASSTIFT or ELASSTIFR.
2.
Either ELASSTIFT or ELASSTIFR (or both) can be set

to 0.0. This will disable stiffness control for the
corresponding translational or rotational stiffnesses.
3.
Defaults:
a. If ELASSTIFT is input without specifying a value,
then OptiStruct will error out (no default). The
default for ELASSTIFR is ELASSTIFT.
b. If PARAM, BUSHSTIF is not included in the deck,
the elastic property value (Field K) is not replaced
regardless of its value (no stiffness control).

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PARAM, ELASTLMT
Parameter
ELASTLMT
Values
Description
<Real Number >

0.0>
Default = 1E+07
This parameter is used to issue a WARNING when the

stiffness value for translational components on the
CELAS2/4 or PELAS entry exceeds the specified limit
(ELASTLMT).
Note: This check is overridden when PARAM, ELASSTIF
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PARAM, ENFMOTN
Parameter
Values
Description
ENFMOTN
<REL, ABS,
TOTAL>
Default = ABS
If ABS, TOTAL or blank, the displacements/velocities/

accelerations output during Modal Frequency Response
Analysis and Modal Transient Response Analysis are the
total/absolute displacements/velocities/accelerations
that include the specified enforced motion. Stresses/
forces will be calculated (if requested) based on the
total displacements/velocities/accelerations.
If REL, the displacements/velocities/accelerations output
during Modal Frequency Response Analysis and Modal
Transient Response Analysis are relative to the enforced
motion specified in the model. Stresses/forces will be
calculated (if requested) based on the relative
displacements/velocities/accelerations.

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PARAM, ERPC
Parameter
Values
Description
ERPC
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
The speed of sound used in the ERP calculation:
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PARAM, ERPREFDB
Parameter
Values
Description
ERPREFDB
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
This parameter can be used to specify the reference

power value used to calculate Equivalent Radiated Power
(ERP) in decibels (dB).
Note:
The Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP) in decibels can be
calculated using the following equation:
Where,
ERPdB is the Equivalent Radiated Power in decibels.
RHOCP is the value of the scale factor specified using
the parameter PARAM, RHOCP.
ERPREFDB is the reference power value specified using
this parameter.

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PARAM, ERPRHO
Parameter
Values
Description
ERPRHO
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
The fluid density used in ERP calculations:
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PARAM, ERPRLF
Parameter
Values
Description
ERPRLF
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
The Radiation Loss Factor used in the ERP calculation:

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PARAM, EXCEXB
Parameter
EXCEXB
Values
Description
<YES, BOTH, NO> This parameter controls the output of the AVL/EXCITE
.exb file directly from OptiStruct.
Defaults
If this parameter If YES, the AVL/EXCITE .exb file is output.
is included in the
If BOTH, the AVL/EXCITE .exb file and the old files
input file, but, no
(.doft, .geom, _mff.out4, _x2oa.out4, and .out4)
value is provided,
are output.
then the default
value is YES.
If NO, the AVL EXCITE interface output files are not
If this parameter output.
is not included in Note: PARAM, EXCEXB, YES/BOTH should be used in
the input file (and
conjunction with PARAM, EXCOUT. OptiStruct will
PARAM, EXCOUT
error out if PARAM, EXCEXB, YES/BOTH is
is present), then
specified without PARAM, EXCOUT in the model.
the default value
is BOTH.
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PARAM, EXCOUT
Parameter
Values
Description
EXCOUT
<-1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 5,
6>
Default = 0
Output of condensed superelement information for AVL/

EXCITE.
-1
No output.
All output.
DOF, geometry, and elements tables (GEOM1,

GEOM2, EQEXIN, and USET), as well as the
reduced mass and stiffness matrices (MAA and
KMAA).
1 + eigenvectors of the full system (GOA

transpose).
3 + unreduced mass matrix (MFF).
1 + eigenvectors of condensed system (PHA) and

the grid point stress table (OGS1).
4 + eigenvectors of condensed system (PHA) and

the grid point stress table (OGS1).
1.
When PARAM,EXCOUT,1 is defined, only the ASET

dofs are output when the MODEL card is not
present. Otherwise, the entire model is output when
the MODEL card is not present.
2.
PARAM, EXCEXB, BOTH is automatically activated if

PARAM, EXCOUT is present in the input deck.

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PARAM, EXPERTNL
Parameter
Values
Description
EXPERTNL
YES, NO,
CNTSTB,
AUTO
YES activates a nonlinear "expert system" that aids in the

convergence of small displacement nonlinear problems
(NLSTAT). This version is designed to facilitate obtaining
converged, high accuracy solutions without much concern
for computational time. The system monitors the
convergence of nonlinear processes and, if needed,
implements measures designed to improve convergence for
poorly converging cases. These measures include:
performing additional iterations, under-relaxation, automatic
adjustment of the load increment, as well as backing off to
the last convergent solution and retrying. This may lead to
a large number of nonlinear iterations for poorly converging
problems.
Default =
AUTO
CNTSTB additionally introduces temporary stabilization on

contact interfaces (CONTACT or GAP(G) elements) that may
improve nonlinear convergence, especially in cases where
individual parts lack full support and are supported only by
contact. The stabilization is applied only during incremental
loading and is not present in the final solution for the
respective nonlinear subcase.
AUTO activates a light version of the expert system, which
is designed to facilitate converging nonlinear process in
reasonably close to minimum number of iterations. In
particular, this version may adjust the time step, including
increasing the time step beyond that prescribed on the
NLPARM card.
This parameter does not apply to geometric nonlinear
solution sequences (NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN).
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PARAM, EXTOUT
Parameter
Values
Description
EXTOUT
DMIGPCH,
DMIGBIN
No default
EXTOUT controls the output of reduced matrices to

external data files for use in subsequent analyses.
If DMIGPCH, the matrices are written to an ASCII .pch
file.
If DMIGBIN, the matrices are written to a binary .dmg
file.
See the User's Guide section The Direct Matrix Approach
for more detailed information.

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PARAM, FASTFR
Parameter
Values
Description
FASTFR
<YES, NO>
If, AUTO (Default), the faster method is automatically
Default = AUTO chosen by the program for Modal Frequency Response
Analysis. If the FASTFR method is not activated, the
standard method is used (see comments).
If YES, and if FASTFR is allowed (see comments), it
activates an alternative method to run Modal Frequency
Response Analysis that enhances the performance.
If NO, the FASTFR method is deselected and the program
is run using the standard solution method.
Comments:
The FASTFR method will be ignored for Modal Frequency
Response Analysis, if:
1.
Multiple modal spaces exist in the model.
2.
Single Program, Multiple Data (SPMD) parallelization

has been requested.
3.
Viscous degrees of freedom are significantly large.
The FASTFR method will be allowed, if Shared Memory

Parallelism (SMP) parallelization has been requested by
specifying the number of processors using the nproc run
option.
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PARAM, FFRS
Parameter
Values
Description
FFRS
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
This parameter is used to invoke the external FastFRS

(Fast Frequency Response Solver). This solver is very
efficient for a certain class of large modal frequency
response problems, such as those common in automotive
NVH analysis. Note that FastFRS must be installed on the
system and the environment variable FASTFRS_EXE must
point to the FastFRS executable for this setting to work.
If YES, then the external FastFRS solver is used.
If NO, then the internal solver is used.

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PARAM, FFRSLFREQ
Parameter
Values
Description
FFRSLFREQ
<Real>
Default = 1.0
PARAM, FFRSLFREQ relates to the FastFRS interface.

It defines a frequency cut-off value in Hertz used to
partition the structural system into low frequency and
high frequency parts, to improve matrix condition
numbers and solution accuracy at a very small
computational cost.
If the value is defined as 0.0, then FastFRS will set
FFRSLFREQ to 1.0.
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PARAM, FFRSMEM
Parameter
Values
Description
FFRSMEM
<Real>
This parameter is used to define the amount of memory in

Gigabytes to be used by the external FastFRS modal
equation solver. This parameter is only valid for FastFRS
versions 2 and higher.
Default =
Memory used
by OptiStruct
for a particular
run.
Note:
1.
If this parameter is not set, FastFRS will use the

amount of memory that OptiStruct is using for the
run.
2.
If the environment variable FFRS_MEM is set, it will

override the value set using PARAM, FFRSMEM.
3.
OptiStruct and FastFRS can be run with different

allocations of memory. For example, OptiStruct can
be run with 10.0 Gigabytes and FastFRS with 20.0
Gigabytes in the same run.
4.
This parameter is only valid when PARAM, FFRS is set

to YES.


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PARAM, FFRSNCPU
Parameter
FFRSNCPU
Values
Description
<Integer>
Default =
number of cpu's
used by
OptiStruct.
PARAM, FFRSNCPU relates to the FastFRS interface.

This parameter is used to define the number of cpus to
be used by the external FastFRS solver. This parameter
will set the environment variable OMP_NUM_THREADS.
The default value is the current value of
OMP_NUM_THREADS.
Note
1.
If FFRSNCPU is not set, but AMLSNCPU is set, the

FastFRS will use the number of cpus specified by
AMLSNCPU.
2.
OptiStruct and FastFRS can be run with different

allocations of processors. For example, OptiStruct
can be run with one processor and FastFRS with four
processors in the same run.
3.
This parameter is only valid when PARAM, FFRS or

the run option ffrs is set to YES.

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PARAM, FLEXH3D
Parameter
Values
Description
FLEXH3D
AUTO, YES, NO
Default = AUTO
This parameter controls the generation of flexh3d files

for flexible bodies in an MBD analysis.
If AUTO, flexh3d files are generated only for those
flexible bodies for which no previously generated
flexh3d file exists. Previously generated flexh3d files
are checked for validity; if the file is valid for the
corresponding flex-body definition, the run will
continue using the existing flexh3d file. If the file is
found to be invalid (has a different mass or the wrong
number of grids), an error termination will occur.
If YES, flexh3d files are generated for all flexible
bodies, overwriting existing files (if present).
If NO, flexh3d files are not generated. The run makes
use of previously generated files. An error termination
will occur if no such files exist.

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PARAM, FLIPOK
Parameter
Values
Description
FLIPOK
NO, YES
Default = NO
If YES, severely distorted and possibly inverted elements

will be accepted by the solver. This is limited to first
order tetra (CTETRA) and tria (CTRIA3) elements.
If NO, severely distorted elements will not be accepted
by the solver, and the solution will be terminated with an
error to avoid inaccurate results.
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PARAM, FRIC
Parameter
Values
Description
FRIC
<REAL>
Default = 1.0
PARAM, FRIC defines a multiplier for matrices (DMIG)

referenced by K2PP.

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PARAM, FZERO
Parameter
Values
Description
FZERO
<Real>
Default = 0.1
This parameter defines the maximum frequency for a rigid

body mode for the Lanczos eigensolver. That is all
eigenmodes with frequency at or below this cutoff will be
regarded as rigid body modes in the inertia relief
analysis.
Note:
To set the rigid body mode cutoff eigenvalue for the
AMSES and AMLS eigensolvers, use PARAM, RBMEIG.
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PARAM, G
Parameter
Values
Description
<Real>
Default = 0.0
G specifies the uniform structural damping coefficient in

the formulation of dynamics problems.
To obtain the value for the parameter G, multiply the
critical damping ratio, C/C0 by 2.0.
Note:
To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency
response or Modal transient analyses when the SDAMPING
bulk data entry is used instead of PARAM, G, the steps
1.
The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should

be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk data entry is
referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information
entry.
2.
Set the damping value (field gi) in the TABDMP1 bulk

data entry equal to half of the value of PARAM, G
(that is set the constant value to C/C0).
3.

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PARAM, GE_MOD
Parameter
Values
Description
GE_MOD
<Real or
NO_GE>
No default
The real value of GE_MOD overrides the value of GE

specified in all MATx material data, sets the table ID for
GE on the MATTx material data to zero, and overrides the
value of GE specified on the PCOMP, PCOMPP, and
PCOMPG data. GE_MOD can be set to 0.0 to remove all
material-based structural damping from the model. The
damping from PARAM, G will also be applied when GE_MOD
is present.
The GE_MOD setting of NO_GE is used to remove all
structural damping from the model. When NO_GE is
specified, the value of GE will be set to zero on all MATx
material data and the GE values specified in the CELAS2,
PELAS, PELAST, PBUSH, PBUSHT, PCOMP, PCOMPP, and
PCOMPG data will also be set to zero. In addition, the
table ID for GE on MATTx material data will be set to
zero. PARAM, G can be used to set the value to a
constant value for the entire structure.
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PARAM, GFL
Parameter
Values
Description
GFL
<Real>
Default = 0.0
GFL specifies the uniform fluid damping coefficient in the

formulation of dynamics problems. To obtain the value
for the parameter GFL, multiply the critical damping
ration, C/C0, by 2.0.
In coupled fluid-structure models, PARAM, G is applied to
structural portion and PARAM, GFL to the fluid portion.

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PARAM, GMAR
Parameter
Values
Description
GMAR
<REAL>
Default = 1.1
PARAM, GMAR is used to control the accuracy of the

AMLS solution.
more details.
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PARAM, GMAR1
Parameter
Values
Description
GMAR1
<REAL>
Default = 1.7
PARAM, GMAR1 is used to control the accuracy of the

AMLS solution.
more details.

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PARAM, GPSLOC
Parameter
GPSLOC
Values
Description
Z1, Z2 and MID Used to control the where grid point stresses are
calculated for output to the .mnf file.
Default = Z1
The highest stresses are at the bottom (Z1) or top (Z2)
surface of the shell. For pure bending, they have the
same magnitude.
GPSLOC is used to specify the location of the calculation
of the grid point stresses. They can be calculated at the
bottom surface (Z1), top surface (Z2), or at the midplane (MID).
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PARAM, GRDPNT
Parameter
GRDPNT
Values
Description
<GID>
If = -1, no output from grid point weight generator.
Default = -1
If = 0, the center of gravity coordinates are relative to

the origin of the basic coordinate system and are
expressed in the coordinate system CID.
If > 0, the center of gravity coordinates are relative to
GID and are expressed in the coordinate system CID.
Note:
1.
The coordinate system CID is defined by PARAM,

UCORD.
2.
If PARAM, UCORD is not specified, CID = -1, or CID

given is not found, all values are calculated relative
to the basic coordinate system.
3.
If PARAM, GRDPNT is not specified in the input deck,

then the center of gravity and moment of inertia are
not output regardless of the value of PARAM, UCORD.

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PARAM, GRIDFORM
Parameter
Values
Description
GRODFORM
< LONG, SHORT >

Default = SHORT
This parameter controls the output format of the

.grid file.
If LONG, the Large Field Fixed Format is used to
output the .grid file.
If SHORT (Default), the Fixed Format is used to
output the .grid file.
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PARAM, GYROAVG
Parameter
GYROAVG
Values
Description
<0, -1>
Default = 0
This parameter is used to select the frequency

response analysis formulation type for rotor dynamics
analysis.
PARAM, GYROAVG, 0
If this formulation is selected, the frequencydependent rotor dynamics terms are calculated for
each frequency. A frequency-dependent looping
option is activated, however, the run time is higher
compared to PARAM, GYROAVG, -1 as the calculation
process has to be repeated for each frequency in
the specified range.
PARAM, GYROAVG, -1
If this formulation is selected, frequency-dependent
looping does not occur and an average frequency
method is used to calculate the rotor dynamic terms.
The run time is lower compared to PARAM, GYROAVG,
0 as this option avoids intensive calculations for
each frequency. PARAM, WR3 and PARAM, WR4 must
be specified for this formulation to include rotor
damping.
Refer to the Users Guide section, Rotor Dynamics
for more details.

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PARAM, HASHASSM
Parameter
Values
Description
HASHASSM
YES, NO
Default = NO
This parameter is used to enable the hash-table based

assembly method.
The hash-table based assembly method reduces the
memory requirement of the assembly module by about a
factor of 3 for linear static analyses, by about a factor of
5 for eigenvalue analyses, and by about a factor of 7 for
frequency response analyses involving material damping.
The reduction in the overall memory requirement is
problem-dependant. For problems where modules other
than the assembly module are dictating the overall
memory requirement, using this alternative assembly
method will not result in a reduction in the overall memory
requirement.
Using the hash-table based assembly method while
possibly reducing memory requirements may result in
longer run times.
If YES, hash-table based assembly method is used.
If NO, hash-table based assembly method is not used.
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PARAM, HFREQ
Parameter
Values
Description
HFREQ
Real>
(Hertz)
Modes with frequencies higher than HFREQ are not used

in Modal Frequency Response and Modal Transient
Analysis.
Default = None
Defaults
HFREQ is used in Response Spectrum Analysis to specify

the upper bound of the frequency range of interest for
modal combination.
If PARAM,
HFREQ is input Note:
without
1. The Residual Vector (RESVEC) calculation still
specifying a
includes the modes above HFREQ so that they are
value, then the
normalized correctly.
solution runs
into an error
2. Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, HFREQ will
display:
a) an S next to the mode number if the mode is

eliminated by MODESELECT in one subcase and
PARAM, HFREQ in another subcase, or
b) an H next to the mode number if the mode is
eliminated only by PARAM, HFREQ.

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PARAM, HFREQFL
Parameter
Values
Description
HFREQFL
Real>
(Hertz)
Modes with frequencies greater than HFREQFL are not

used in Coupled Modal Frequency Response Analysis.
HFREQFL can be used to remove Rigid Body Modes from
the Modal Space.
Default = None
Defaults
If PARAM,
HFREQFL is
input without
specifying a
value, then the
solution runs
into an error
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Note: Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, HFREQFL will

display an H next to the mode number.

PARAM, I64SLV
Parameter
Values
Description
I64SLV
YES, NO
Default = NO
This parameter is used to enforce the activation of

internal long (64-bit) integer sparse direct solver. With
automatic memory allocation mode, the solver
automatically decides whether or not to switch the 64-bit
integer solver on. However, even if the 64-bit integer
solver is not the preferred choice in certain scenarios,
this parameter can still be used to enforce activation.
YES: the long (64-bit) integer sparse direct solver is
used.
NO: the short (32-bit) integer sparse direct solver is
used.

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PARAM, INREL
Parameter
Values
Description
INREL
< 0, -1, -2 >
INREL controls the calculation of inertia relief.
Default = 0, for
static subcases
-2 requests inertia relief analysis without the need

for a SUPORT/SUPORT1 entry.
Default = -2, for

modal frequency
response subcases
-1 requests that inertia relief be performed.

SUPORT or SUPORT1 cards are required in the bulk
data section to restrain rigid body motion. The total
number of degrees-of-freedom specified on SUPORT
and SUPORT1 cards must be less than or equal to
six.
0 requests that constrained analysis be performed.
SUPORT and SUPORT1 cards are treated like SPC in
this case.
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PARAM, ITAPE
Parameter
Values
Description
ITAPE
-1, 0
Default = -1
If ITAPE = -1, then the Tape Label is written at the

beginning of the OUTPUT2 results file.

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PARAM, INTRFACE
Parameter
Values
Description
INTRFACE
YES, NO
Default = YES
If YES, OptiStruct generates the .interface file which

contains data about the Fluid-Structure Coupling. The
.interface file can then be loaded into HyperMesh to
verify if the Fluid and Structure meshes are properly
connected at the interface. The parameters that
determine the Fluid-Structure coupling are set in the
ACMODL Data.
If NO, the .interface file is not generated.
Comments
1.
When the fluid domain is represented by an MFLUID card, and PARAM, INTRFACE, YES is
specified, OptiStruct generates the .wetel file which contains data about the wet
elements resulting from MFLUID cards. The .wetel file can then be loaded into HyperMesh
to visualize the locations of submerged/damp elements in the model.
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PARAM, K4CUTOFF
Parameter
Values
Description
K4CUTOFF
<Real>
Default = 0.1
PARAM, K4CUTOFF relates to the FastFRS interface.

If the low rank representation for the structural damping
matrix is selected, a cut-off value must be set. The
value is set using K4CUTOFF.

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PARAM, KDAMP
Parameter
Values
Description
KDAMP
< 1, -1 >
Default = 1
If KDAMP is set to 1, modal damping is entered into the

complex stiffness matrix as material damping.
If KDAMP is set to 1, modal damping is entered into the
complex stiffness matrix as viscous damping.
Note:
To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency
response or Modal transient analyses when the SDAMPING
subcase information entry is used instead of PARAM, G, the
steps described here can be followed:
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1.
The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should

be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk data entry is
referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information entry.
2.
Set the damping value (field gi) in the TABDMP1 bulk

data entry equal to half of the value of PARAM, G (that
is set the constant value to C/C0).
3.
Set PARAM, KDAMP,-1 (See description above).

PARAM, KGRGD
Parameter
Values
Description
KGRGD
YES, NO
Default = NO
If YES, the rigid elements contribution to the geometric

stiffness matrix is included. This may result in missing
buckling modes that are found in other codes.
If NO, the rigid elements contribution to the geometric
stiffness matrix is omitted. This is the default.

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PARAM, LFREQ
Parameter
Values
Description
LFREQ
<Real>
(Hertz)
Modes with frequencies less than LFREQ are not used in

Modal Frequency Response and Modal Transient Analysis.
LFREQ can be used to remove Rigid Body Modes from the
Modal Space.
Default = None
Defaults
If PARAM,
LFREQ is input
without
specifying a
value, then the
solution runs
into an error.
LFREQ is used in Response Spectrum Analysis to specify

the lower bound of the frequency range of interest for
modal combination.
Note:
1.
The Residual Vector (RESVEC) calculation still includes

the modes below LFREQ so that they are normalized
correctly.
2.
Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, LFREQ will

display:
a) an S next to the mode number, if the mode is
eliminated by MODESELECT in one subcase and
PARAM, LFREQ in another subcase, or
b) an L next to the mode number, if the mode is
eliminated only by PARAM, LFREQ.
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PARAM, LFREQFL
Parameter
Values
Description
LFREQFL
Real>
(Hertz)
Modes with frequencies less than LFREQFL are not used

in Coupled Modal Frequency Response Analysis. LFREQFL
can be used to remove Rigid Body Modes from the Modal
Space.
Default = None
Defaults
If PARAM,
LFREQFL is
input without
specifying a
value, then the
solution runs
into an error
Note: Modes that are eliminated by PARAM, LFREQFL will

display an L next to the mode number.

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PARAM, LGDISP
Parameter
Values
Description
LGDISP
<0, 1, -1>
Default = 0
If LGDISP = 1, Large displacement nonlinear static analysis

is activated. The corresponding nonlinear solution
parameters should be specified in the NLPARM bulk data
entry.
If LGDISP = 0 or -1, Large displacement nonlinear static
analysis is deactivated (Small displacement nonlinear static
analysis is the default). The corresponding nonlinear
solution parameters should be specified in the NLPARM bulk
data entry.
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PARAM, LMSOUT
Parameter
Values
Description
LMSOUT
<YES, NO,
This parameter controls the output of the condensed flex
STRESS>
body modes, full diagonal mass matrix, and modal stresses
Default = NO to the .op2 file.
If YES, the condensed flex body modes and the full diagonal
mass matrix are output to the .op2 file.
If STRESS, the modal stresses are also output to the .op2
file.
If NO, the condensed flex body modes, full diagonal mass
matrix and the modal stresses are not output to the .op2
file.

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PARAM, LOWRANK
Parameter
Values
Description
LOWRANK
<0,-1 or 1> PARAM, LOWRANK relates to the FastFRS interface.

Default = 0
It indicates to FastFRS which solution strategy to use to
handle the modal structural damping matrix.
If the value is 0, then FastFRS computes a full eigensolution
using the data found in either the optimization FSPSD data
block or the diagonal stiffness and structural damping data
blocks.
If the value is -1, a low rank representation of the matrix
found in structural damping is used.
A special case of this option occurs when acoustic fluid is
present in the model and the matrices found in the fluid
mass matrix, fluid stiffness matrix, and fluid viscous damping
matrix data blocks are all diagonal. FastFRS takes
advantage of this special case when the value of LOWRANK
is set to 1 by treating the matrix found in the structural
damping data block and the fluid matrices as low rank
representations. Note that for optimization problems, the
mass and stiffness matrices are full and a low rank
representation cannot be used.
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PARAM, MASSDMIG
Parameter
Values
Description
MASSDMIG
YES, NO
Default = NO
For static condensation with ASET of a static loadcase,

the reduced stiffness matrix [k] and load vector {p} are
created. If the reduced mass matrix is also desired,
then set PARAM, MASSDMIG to YES.

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PARAM, MAXDAMP
Parameter
MAXDAMP
Values
Description
<Integer>
Default = 400
Identifies the maximum number of viscous residual vectors

that are to be calculated. If MAXDAMP is exceeded, a
WARNING message is issued and no viscous residual
vectors are calculated.
Solution times can be greatly extended due to the
calculation of large numbers of viscous residual vectors, if
this is not intended by the user.
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PARAM, MBDH3D
Parameter
Values
Description
MBDH3D
NODAL, MODAL,
BOTH, NONE
Default = BOTH
This parameter controls the type of results output

to the .h3d results format for MBD analyses.
If NODAL, nodal based results are output to the
.h3d results file.
If MODAL, modal based results are output to the
_mbd.h3d results file.
If BOTH, nodal results are output to the .h3d
results file and modal results are output to the
_mbd.h3d file.
If NONE, MBD results are not output to either the
.h3d or _mbd.h3d results file.
Note: If the HyperMesh output format is requested,
nodal based results will be output to the
.res file, regardless of this parameter
setting.

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PARAM, MBDREC
Parameter
Values
Description
MBDREC
YES, NO
Default = NO
PARAM, MBDREC creates two flexible body files

during Component Mode Synthesis (CMS).
A small *.h3d is generated that contains the
minimum amount of information required for MBD
simulation in MotionSolve.
A larger file *_recov.h3d will also be generated that
contains the information from the small file as well as
recovery information for displacement, velocity,
acceleration, stress, and strain.
The large file is used along with the MotionSolve
calculated result (.mrf) file specified with the
ASSIGN, MBDINP data in an OptiStruct transient
analysis to recover displacement, velocity,
acceleration, stress, and strain results of the flex
body. These results can be output in the .op2 and
.h3d files.
See the Users Guide entry on Flexible Body
Generation.
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PARAM, MEMTRIM
Parameter
MEMTRIM
Values
Description
YES, NO
This parameter is used to activate/deactivate the memory
Default = YES trim feature for AMLS runs.
AMLS is an external program that requires its own memory
and disk space to perform eigenvalue analysis. Without
memory trim, the total memory requirement (T) to perform
eigenvalue analysis using AMLS was the sum of the memory
required by OptiStruct (O), the memory exclusively
allocated for AMLS (A), and other miscellaneous memory
requirements; for example, MIO library requirement, (M).
Thus:
T = O + A + M.
With memory trim enabled, the total memory requirement is
reduced to:
T = max(O,A) + M.
If YES, memory trim is active.
If NO, memory trim is inactive.

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PARAM, MFILTER
Parameter
Values
Description
MFILTER
<0.0 < real

number < 1.0>
This parameter defines a threshold for the mode tracking

matrix to check eigenvector correspondence.
Defaults:
If an entry of the mode tracking matrix is greater than

the specified threshold, the eigenvectors of previous and
current iterations (corresponding to the row number and
column number of the entry) are assumed to have
correspondence.
-If this
parameter is
included in the
input file, but, no
value is
provided, then
running the
program will
result in an
error. In such
cases a real
value between
0.0 and 1.0 must
be specified.
- If this
parameter is not
included in the
input file, then:
If PARAM, TRAKMETH is set to 0, the mass matrix based

cross-orthogonality criterion (CORC) is used to check for
eigenvector correspondence, and PARAM, MFILTER is set
to 0.7.
If PARAM, TRAKMETH is set to 1, the modal assurance
criterion square root (MACSR) is used, and PARAM,
MFILTER is set to 0.7.
If PARAM, TRAKMETH is set to 2, the modal assurance
criterion (MAC) is used and PARAM, MFILTER is set to be
0.5.
The value of
PARAM,
MFILTER is
equal to 0.7 if
PARAM,
TRAKMETH is
set to 0 or 1.
The value of
PARAM,
MFILTER is
equal to 0.5 if
PARAM,
TRAKMETH is
set to 2.
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PARAM, MODETRAK
Parameter
Values
Description
MODETRAK
-1, 0, 1, YES,
NO
Default = NO
If -1, 0 or NO, mode tracking is not used. Mode numbers

are determined by frequency.
If 1 or YES, mode tracking is used. Mode numbers are
tracked by comparing eigenvectors between iterations.
Concerning mode tracking, the following symbols are used
in the output format:
Indicates that the tracked mode was not found in

the modes retrieved for that iteration. If this mode
is not a part of the objective, optimization will
continue and mode will be tracked if found in later
iterations, otherwise optimization will stop. If
optimization is halted for this reason, increase the
number of modes or range of modes being retrieved.
Indicates that the tracked mode was found but

does not correlate well with the original mode.
Optimization will continue.
Note: In topology optimization, mode shapes can

change greatly due to the reorganization of
material within the design domain. For some
models, mode tracking may be of limited
effectiveness. Also, the values of optimized
modes may increase substantially during the
optimization process. You are advised to provide
a wide range or large number of modes in the
EIGRL card to protect against optimized modes
being lost.
Note: This parameter is ignored if a MODTRAK subcase
information entry is present in the input.

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PARAM, NEGMASS
Parameter
NEGMASS
Values
Description
0, 1
Default = 0
This parameter is used to check for negative

diagonal mass.
If 0, an error termination will occur if negative
diagonal mass is discovered.
If 1, negative diagonal mass or inertia from CONM2 is
allowed.
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PARAM, NLAFILE
Parameter
NLAFILE
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
This parameter controls the output of animation files (A-File)

in geometric nonlinear analysis.
If YES, the animation files are retained after geometric
nonlinear analysis;
If NO, the animation files are removed after geometric
nonlinear analysis.

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PARAM, NLFAT
Parameter
NLFAT
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
Defaults:
1. If this
parameter
does not
exist in the
deck, the
default
behavior is
NO.
2. If this
parameter
exists in the
deck,
however, no
value (YES/
NO) is
specified,
then the
default
behavior is
NO.
PARAM, NLFAT, YES, forces OptiStruct to run models in which

fatigue solutions (using the FATLOAD entry) reference
nonlinear quasi-static analysis (NLSTAT) subcases.
PARAM, NLFAT, NO, does not allow NLSTAT subcases to be
referenced by the FATLOAD data entry and the solution
errors out if such models are run.
Note:
PARAM, NLFAT, YES can be introduced to force OptiStruct to
run fatigue analysis based on a nonlinear subcase
(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT). Nonlinear analysis results are not
recommended for use in a fatigue analysis because
nonlinear stresses and strains cannot be scaled and
superimposed, however, acceptable results may be generated
in the following cases:
During a nonlinear run (ANALYSIS=NLSTAT),
acceptable results may be generated if a model uses
elasto-plastic material and NEUBER correction is turned
OFF (Plasticity field on FATPARM bulk data entry). This
statement is based on the assumption that nonlinear
analysis is run until shakedown is achieved. If strain
results from the nonlinear analysis are used prior to
shakedown, the fatigue results will most likely be
incorrect since the magnitude of plastic strain may not
be close to the steady state strain value.
Additionally, acceptable results may be generated if
contact based nonlinearity exists in the model
(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) and the contact area is not
expected to change appreciably as the load increases
(for example, surfaces that match from the beginning).
In both cases, the Scale and Offset fields on the FATLOAD
entry should be left blank as the stresses and strains cannot
be scaled and superimposed.
Regardless of the model type, fatigue results based on
nonlinear results using PARAM, NLFAT, YES should always be
interpreted with caution.
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PARAM, NLRFILE
Parameter
NLRFILE
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
This parameter controls the output of restart files (R-File) in

If YES, the restart files are retained after geometric
nonlinear analysis;
If NO, the restart files are removed after geometric
nonlinear analysis.

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PARAM, NLRUN
Parameter
NLRUN
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
The parameter controls if geometric nonlinear analysis

subcases run automatically after these subcases in bulk
format are converted into block format.
If YES, geometric nonlinear analysis subcases run
automatically after conversion.
If NO, geometric nonlinear analysis subcases do not run
automatically after conversion.
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PARAM, NPRBAR
Parameter
NPRBAR
Values
Description
<INTEGER>
Default = 3
Controls the number of the output INFORMATION #741 for

RBAR elements.
Example of INFORMATION #741,
*** INFORMATION # 741
No need to constrain the rotational dof of this dependent
grid.
RBAR element id = 20436260
independent grid id = 20374048
dependent grid id = 20367448
This is because there isn't any stiffness and load on the
rotational dof of the dependent grid.

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PARAM, NPRBE2
Parameter
NPRBE2
Values
Description
<INTEGER>
Default = 3
Controls the number of the output INFORMATION #741 for

RBE2 elements.
No need to constrain the rotational dof of this dependent
grid.
RBE2 element id = 20436260
dependent grid id = 20367448
This is because there isn't any stiffness and load on the
rotational dof of the dependent grid.
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PARAM, NPRGDE
Parameter
NPRGDE
Values
Description
<INTEGER>
Default = 3
Controls the number of the output INFORMATION #742.

The dependent rotational dof of this rigid element is
removed.
RBE2 element id = 20436262
a dependent grid id = 20367345
This is because there is no need to constrain the rotational
dof of any of the dependent grids.

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PARAM, NUMEG
Parameter
NUMEG
Values
<Integer>
1000
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Description
When ND on the EIGRL/EIGRA data is blank, the disk space
estimate in the .out file for modal frequency response and
the transient analysis is based on the number of modes
specified by PARAM,NUMEG. When Lanczos is used, the disk
space estimate is based on this value plus the number of the
potential residual vectors. When AMLS/AMSES is used, the
disk space estimate is based only on the value of
PARAM,NUMEG. In this case, it is assumed that
PARAM,NUMEG includes the number of potential residual
vectors.

PARAM, OGEOM
Parameter
Values
Description
OGEOM
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
PARAM, OGEOM controls the output of model (geometry)

data to the .op2 file. This functionality is also
controlled by the MODEL/NOMODEL option on the
OUTPUT, OP2 I/O option, but this parameter setting will
override the OUTPUT, OP2 setting.
PARAM, OGEOM, YES will output model data to the .op2
file.
PARAM, OGEOM, NO will not output model data to the
.op2 file.

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PARAM, OMACHPR
Parameter
Values
Description
OMACHPR
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
PARAM, OMACHPR controls the Nastran version for some

OP2 datablocks.
YES means that the new Nastran version should be used.
NO means that the old Nastran version should be used.
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PARAM, OMID
Parameter
Values
Description
OMID
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
Controls the coordinate system used by shell and

membrane elements for stress and strain results.
This affects the recovery of optimization responses as
well as results output to the HM, PUNCH, and OPTI
output formats.
Stress and strain results are always output to OUTPUT2
and H3D output formats with reference to the elemental
system.
YES indicates that shell and membrane stresses/strains
are with reference to the material coordinate system, as
defined by the MID/THETA field of the element card.
NO indicates that shell and membrane stresses/strains are
with reference to the elemental coordinate system,
regardless of what is defined on the MID/THETA field of
the element card.

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PARAM, OP2GM34
Parameter
Values
Description
OP2GM34
<TRUE, FALSE> PARAM, OP2GM34 controls the output of GEOM3 and

Default = TRUE GEOM4 data blocks to the .op2 file if PARAM, POST, -1 is
specified.
PARAM, OP2GM34, TRUE will output GEOM3 and GEOM4
data blocks to the .op2 file if PARAM, POST, -1 is
specified.
PARAM, OP2GM34, FALSE will not output GEOM3 and
GEOM4 data blocks to the .op2 file.
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PARAM, PLIGEXT
Parameter
Values
Description
PLIGEXT
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
This parameter is used to print the applied load vector in

DMIG form to the .pligext file. The DMIG NAME is
PLIGEXT.
To generate the .pligext file the oload(opti)=all
command must also be requested.

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PARAM, POST
Parameter
Values
Description
POST
<0, -1, -2, -5>

Default = 0
Adding PARAM, POST to the bulk data section of the

input deck will activate the creation of the .op2 file.
PARAM, POST, -1 will create the .op2 file with
displacement results output in the analysis system
and PARAM, ITAPE set to -1.
PARAM, POST, -2 will create the .op2 file with
displacement results output in the basic coordinate
system and PARAM, ITAPE set to 0. The GEOM3,
GPDT and GPL data blocks are also included in the
.op2 file when PARAM, POST, -2 is used.
PARAM, POST, -5 will write the stiffness and mass
matrices to the .k.op2 and the .m.op2 files,
respectively, in addition to creating the .op2 file with
displacement results output in the analysis system
and PARAM, ITAPE set to -1.
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PARAM, POSTEXT
Parameter
Values
Description
POSTEXT
YES, NO
Default = NO
If PARAM,POSTEXT,YES, the modal complex stiffness matrix

(KHH) and, if it exists, the modal viscous damping matrix
(BHH) are written to the .op2 file when frequency
response analysis is performed.
The modal complex stiffness matrix is:
Where G is the PARAM,G structural damping value and

[Kge] is the structural damping matrix based on the
structural damping values on the MATi data.
The modal viscous damping matrix is:

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PARAM, PRESUBNL
Parameter
PRESUBNL
Values
Description
YES, NO
Default = NO
Defaults:
If this
parameter
does not exist
in the deck,
the default
behavior is NO.
If this
parameter
exists in the
deck,
however, no
value (YES/
NO) is
specified,
then the
default
behavior is NO.
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PARAM, PRESUBNL, YES forces OptiStruct to run models, in

which Linear Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is
defined, in conjunction with nonlinear materials (MATS1,
MATHE, or MGASK) or large displacement nonlinear
analysis.
PARAM, PRESUBNL, NO does not allow Linear Buckling
Analysis or Preloaded Analysis with nonlinear materials or
large displacement nonlinear analysis to be defined and the
solution errors out if such models are run.
Note: Linear Buckling Analysis or Preloaded Analysis is not
recommended in models with nonlinear materials or
large displacement nonlinear analysis. It is the users
responsibility to interpret such results with caution.

PARAM, PRGPST
Parameter
PRGPST
Values
Description
< YES, NO, ALL,

PRGPST controls the printing of AUTOSPC information
NONE,< number of to the .out file.
DOFs> >
PARAM, PRGPST, YES
Default = YES
A maximum of 100 degrees of freedom (DOF) of

AUTOSPC data will be printed in the .out file.
PARAM, PRGPST, NO
No AUTOSPC data will be printed.
PARAM, PRGPST, NONE
Works exactly like PARAM, PRGPST, NO - No AUTOSPC
data will be printed.
PARAM, PRGPST, ALL
All AUTOSPC data will be printed in the .out file.
PARAM, PRGPST, <number of DOF>
A maximum of <number of DOF> degrees of freedom
(DOF) of AUTOSPC data will be printed in the .out file.

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PARAM, PRINFACC
Parameter
PRINFACC
Values
Description
If 1, the inertia relief rigid body forces and
accelerations are printed to the .out file.
<1, 0>
Defaults
1. The default is
0, when the
parameter is
not present in
the deck.
If 0, the inertia relief rigid body forces and

accelerations are NOT printed to the .out file.
2. The default is
1, when
PARAM,
PRINFACC is
input without
specifying a
value.
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PARAM, RBE2FREE
Parameter
Values
Description
RBE2FREE
<YES, NO>
Modeling errors can result in the creation of RBE2 elements

with rigid body rotations. This parameter can be used to
convert ERROR 725 into WARNING 825 when singular RBE2
elements, with rotational rigid body modes in all three
directions, are present in the model.
Default = NO
YES
If PARAM, RBE2FREE, YES is specified, ERROR 725 is
converted into WARNING 825. For AMSES/AMLS SUBCASEs
the free rotational degrees of freedom are AUTOSPCed.
For static analysis and Lanczos eigenvalue analysis, the
run may fail due to singularities and ERROR 153 or 155 will
be issued.
NO
If PARAM, RBE2FREE, NO is specified, ERROR 725 is not
converted into WARNING 825 and models containing
singular RBE2 elements will error out.
Note:
To solve a problem with Lanczos or static analysis, AMSES
can used first to determine which RBE2 degrees of freedom
are AUTOSPCed. Single point constraints (SPC) can be
added to manually constrain such degrees of freedom in
subsequent static analysis or Lanczos eigenvalue analysis.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, RBE3FREE
Parameter
Values
Description
RBE3FREE
<YES, NO>
Modeling errors can result in the creation of RBE3 elements

with free spiders. This parameter can be used to convert
ERROR 772 into WARNING 824 when free spiders on RBE3
elements are present in the model. These free spiders may
contain singular degrees of freedom.
Default = NO
YES
If PARAM, RBE3FREE, YES is specified, ERROR 772 is
converted into WARNING 824.
For AMSES/AMLS runs the free spiders will be AUTOSPCed
if they are singular. This will cause invalid results as the
RBE3 will be constrained to ground. Check the AUTOSPC
output to make sure the free spiders are not AUTOSPCed.
If the free spiders are singular, Lanczos eigenvalue
solutions and static analysis runs will fail with ERRORs 155
or 153.
NO
If PARAM, RBE3FREE, NO is specified, ERROR 772 is not
converted into WARNING. Models containing RBE3 elements
with free spiders will error out.
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PARAM, RBMEIG
Parameter
Values
Description
RBMEIG
<REAL>
Default = 1.0
PARAM, RBMEIG defines the cutoff eigenvalue for

determination of rigid body modes calculated by the AMLS
and AMSES eigensolvers.
Default
Note:
The default
1. PARAM, RBMEIG functions in a similar manner to
cutoff
PARAM, FZERO, which is used in models solved by the
eigenvalue
Lanczos eigensolver.
(AMSES and
AMLS) is 1.0, if 2. The default cutoff eigenvalue of 1.0 is equivalent to a
this parameter
natural frequency of 0.16 Hz.
is not present
in the deck.
3. For the Lanczos eigensolver, use PARAM,FZERO to set
the cutoff frequency for rigid body modes.

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PARAM, REANAL
Parameter
REANAL
Values
Description
0.0 < Real < 1.0

No default
This parameter is for restart runs of topology

optimizations only.
Inclusion of this parameter on a restart run will cause
the last iteration to be reanalyzed without penalization.
If the value given is less than the value of MINDENS
(default = 0.01) used in the optimization, all elements
will be assigned the densities they had during the final
iteration of the optimization. As there is no
penalization, stiffness will now be proportional to
density.
If the value given is greater than the value of MINDENS,
those elements whose density is less than the given
value will have density equal to MINDENS, all others will
have a density of 1.0.
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PARAM, RECOVER
Param
eter
Value
s
RECOVE <LB,
UB>
R
Description
<LB, UB>:
They represent the Lower Bound (LB) and the Upper Bound (UB) of
the frequencies between which the full-structure mode shapes are
requested instead of the modes of the condensed system generated
during Component Mode Synthesis (CMS).
LB (real > 0.0, optional):
Mode shapes of the full-structure, at frequencies greater than LB,
will be output to the .op2 file.
UB (real > 0.0, mandatory):
Mode shapes of the full-structure, at frequencies lower than UB, will
be output to the .op2 file.
Note:
1.
The following example implementations are incorrect and will

result in an ERROR:
PARAM, RECOVER, 30.0, 20.0 (as UB < LB)
PARAM, RECOVER, ,0.0 (as UB 0)
Defaults
1.
The mode shapes of the condensed system (only) generated during CMS are output when
this parameter is not present in the deck.
2.
If PARAM, RECOVER is input without specifying a value, the program results in an ERROR.
3.
LB is optional and the default for LB is 0.0, if it is left blank.

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PARAM, RENUMOK
Parameter
RENUMOK
Values
Description
<YES, NO,
BLANK>
Default = NO
If YES or BLANK, when the solid element grids are listed

in the order that would make the element inside out,
they are automatically re-ordered. In this way, running
(importing and exporting) the model through HyperMesh
to get the corrected element grid sequence can be
avoided.
If NO, when the element grids are input in reverse
order, they are not re-sequenced to the correct order.
OptiStruct will error out if such element grid ordering
exists.
Note:
1.
If the element grids are input in a random order,

then PARAM, RENUMOK will not be able to correct
the sequence. OptiStruct will error out in such
cases.
2. If PARAM, RENUMOK is not specified (default), then

the default is NO. This is different from specifying
PARAM, RENUMOK and leaving the value field blank,
which implies YES.
3. If PARAM,RENUMOK is used and the .fem file is used
for the model information file in HyperView, then
corner stresses for the solid elements will be wrong
when the .h3d or .op2 files are used for the results
file. So, if PARAM,RENUMOK is used, HyperView
should use the .op2 or .h3d file for the model
information file.
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PARAM, RFIOUT
Parameter
RFIOUT
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
This parameter controls the output of modal super

element for use in the RecurDyn multibody dynamics
software from FunctionBay. This information is written
to the .rfi file. This should be used with CMSMETH
CBN and ASET DOF for the connection points.
If YES, the modal super element is output to the .rfi
file.
If NO, the .rfi file is not created.
Note:
This .rfi file can be created only by OptiStruct
executables running on 64-bit Windows machines. This
file cannot be created while using OptiStruct on Linux or
Mac OS X machines.

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PARAM, RHOCP
Parameter
Values
Description
RHOCP
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
The scale factor used to calculate ERP in decibels (dB).

The calculation is:
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PARAM, RSPLICOR
Parameter
RSPLICOR
Values
Description
0, 1, REAL > 1.0

Default = 0
RSPLINE end rotation correction.

0: No correction
1: two RSPLINE ends have rotation correction
>1: Defines cut-off angle. Two RSPLINE ends have
rotation correction. If two consecutive RSPLINE
sections have an angle larger then the cut-off angle,
rotation correction is applied to the shared RESPLINE
node.

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PARAM, SEP1XOVR
Parameter
SEP1XOVR
Values
Description
0, 16
Default = 0
The old and new location of moved shell grid points are
printed if SEP1XOVR = 16. When the RSSCON shell-tosolid element connector is used. By default, the moved
shell grid points are not printed, SEP1XOVR = 0.
See the description of PARAM,TOLRSC for more details.
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PARAM, SEPLOT
Parameter
SEPLOT
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
Defaults:
PARAM, SEPLOT can be used during CMS analysis (only

with the CBN method) to create a .seplot file that
contains the ASET grid data as well as the GRID and
PLOTEL data defined using the MODEL I/O Option. The
data is written to the .seplot file in OptiStruct.
The value of this

parameter is YES,
YES: The .seplot file is created.
if it is included in
the input file, but
NO: The .seplot file is not created.
no value is
provided.
The value of this
parameter is NO,
if it is not
included in input
file.

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PARAM, SH4NRP
Parameter
SH4NRP
Values
Description
0, 1, 2
This parameter controls the full projection of 4-node shell

elements in NLGEOM implicit analysis.
Default = 0 in
NLGEOM
subcase
Default = 1 in
IMPDYN
subcase
If 0, the full projection for warped QEPH shell elements will

be deactivated. This option may improve the implicit
nonlinear analysis with QEPH warped shell elements if the
rigid rotation of warped elements is small enough.
If 1, the full projection for warped elements will be applied
only for internal force calculation; the option gives
accurate results if it converges successfully, but
convergence issue could be encountered with very warped
elements.
If 2, the full projection for warped QEPH shell elements will
be activated for the stiffness matrix to stay consistent
with the internal force calculation. This option can
improve the convergence of implicit nonlinear analysis with
QEPH warped shell elements at the cost of some additional
calculations.
In the case of finite rigid rotations with warped shell
elements, PARAM, SH4NRP, 1 gives accurate results. If
convergence difficulties are encountered, PARAM, SH4NRP,
2 should be used.
If PARAM SMDISP 1 is present, SH4NRP is always set as 0
internally.
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PARAM, SHELOS11
Parameter
SHELOS11
Values
Description
YES, NO
Default = NO
YES can be used to restore the formulation used in version

11.0.240 and earlier for first-order shell elements (CQUAD4
and CTRIA3).
Note: In Release 12.0 the first order shell elements have
been improved to:
Eliminate inaccuracies in transverse shear and
inter-laminar stress calculation that could occur for
cases with membrane-bending coupling, especially
composites.
Improve robustness and stability of buckling
formulation by changing the default order for plate
buckling to first order.
The behavior of shells from earlier releases can be
recovered using this parameter.

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PARAM, SHL2MEM
Parameter
Values
Description
SHL2MEM
<Real Number >

0.0>
A shell property (defined by the PSHELL bulk data

entry) is automatically converted into a membrane
property if the membrane thickness (field T) of the
PSHELL bulk data entry is less than or equal to the
value specified using PARAM, SHL2MEM. This is done by
setting MID2 and MID3 to blank for the PSHELL.
No default
(see note 6)
Note:
1. With regard to determining the conversion from a
PSHELL shell to membrane property, the nodal
thicknesses defined using the Ti fields of the
CTRIA3/6 or the CQUAD4/8 bulk data entries are
ignored.
2. If the value of the field T in the referenced PSHELL
entry is less than or equal to the value of
PARAM,SHL2MEM then the shell property is
converted to a membrane property regardless of
the Ti field values.
3. PARAM, SHL2MEM should be used with caution in
optimization runs, as this parameter will also apply
to design properties. If the shell thickness on such
design properties (in PSHELL) is lower than the
value specified with PARAM, SHL2MEM, they will
automatically be converted to membrane properties
(regardless of the value of their corresponding
design variables).
4. If PARAM, SHL2MEM is used in optimization runs
with the shell thickness (T) of the PSHELL design
property equal to zero or blank, then the shell
property is automatically converted into a
membrane property.
5. PARAM, SHL2MEM is intended for use with skin
elements, which are useful for stress calculation on
the surface of solid (3D) elements.
6. Defaults:
If PARAM,SHL2MEM is input without specifying a
value, then the code will error out (no default).
If PARAM,SHL2MEM is not used, the conversion
from shell property to a membrane property will
not occur.
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PARAM, SHPBCKOR
Parameter
SHPBCKOR
Values
Description
1, 2
Default = 1
PARAM,SHPBCKOR defines the type and order of

approximation used in plate bending geometric stiffness for
linear shell elements (CQUAD4 and CTRIA3).
1: First order approximation, expressed using displacement
degrees of freedom in the geometric stiffness matrix. It is
more numerically stable and includes both bending and
transverse shear contributions. Being first order, this
option may over-estimate buckling loads, especially when
the mesh is coarse relative to the buckling wavelength
(only a few elements per wave length).
2: Second order approximation, expressed using rotational
degrees of freedom in the geometric stiffness matrix. This
option ignores contributions of transverse shear to
buckling.
Note:
Second order approximation is appropriate and provides
better accuracy for buckling of thin shells, which is
dominated by bending.
For thick shells or for composites with soft cores (where
transverse shear contributions are significant), it is
advisable to use PARAM,SHPBCKOR,1, which captures both
bending and transverse shear effects. Since
PARAM,SHPBCKOR,1 is more numerically stable, it can also
help if there are difficulties in the eigensolver.

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PARAM, SIMPACK
Parameter
SIMPACK
Values
Description
0, 1, 2, 3, 4
Default = 0
Requests generation of the SIMPACK .fbi file containing

flexible body information for SIMPACK analysis.
PARAM,SIMPACK,1
Writes CMS Matrices [k] and [m] to the SIMPACK
.fbi file.
Writes modes and eigenvectors of the SE to the
SIMPACK .fbi file.
PARAM,SIMPACK,2
This option writes out all the information specified in
PARAM, SIMPACK,1 (above) and additionally writes
model information to the SIMPACK .fbi file. See
Comment 2 about MODEL data.
PARAM,SIMPACK,3
PARAM, SIMPACK, 2 (above) to the SIMPACK .fbi
file and additionally includes the following:
Writes the Interior point recovery GRID SET to the
SIMPACK .fbi file.
Writes the Interior point recovery matrix to the to
the SIMPACK .fbi file.
PARAM,SIMPACK,4
PARAM, SIMPACK, 3 (above) to the SIMPACK .fbi
file and additionally includes the following:
Writes rotational forces to the SIMPACK .fbi file.
Comments
1.
Refer to the SIMPACK section of Coupling OptiStruct with Third Party Software in the
2.
If PARAM, SIMPACK, 2 is specified, the MODEL I/O Options Entry does not have any effect
on the output. The entire model is written to the SIMPACK .fbi file.
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PARAM, SMDISP
Parameter
SMDISP
Values
Description
< 0, 1 >
Default = 0
This parameter is used to specify that small displacement

formulation or large displacement formulation is used. It
affects Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Static Analysis
(ANALYSIS = NLGEOM) and Geometric Nonlinear Implicit
Dynamic Analysis (ANALYSIS = IMPDYN).
When large displacement effects are negligible, PARAM,
SMDISP, 1 could be used to improve the convergence and
performance.
If 0, use large displacement formulation.
If 1, use small displacement formulation.

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PARAM, SNAPTHRU
Parameter
SNAPTHRU
Values
Description
YES, NO
Default = NO
PARAM, SNAPTHRU controls the output of the forcedeflection curve in geometric nonlinear analysis.
If YES, the converter will generate rigid bodies internally
and output the time history for rigid body forces in the
Time-History (TH) file. This is valid only when grids are
defined on XHIST bulk data entry with TYPE = GRID and
ENTRY=DEF simultaneously. The force-deflection curve
can be cross plotted with the grid displacements and
corresponding rigid body forces in HyperGraph.
If NO, output of the force-deflection curve is not
requested and the internal rigid bodies are not generated.
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PARAM, SORTCON
Parameter
Values
Description
SORTCON
<Integer>
Default = 20
This parameter controls the output of violated constraints

to the .out file (and to screen).
By default, the 20 most violated constraints are printed in
a separate table and sorted by percentage violation. This
behavior can be modified with PARAM, SORTCON, N; where
N is the number of constraints to be printed. (N = 0
disables this feature).

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PARAM, SPLC
Parameter
SPLC
Values
Description
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
This parameter is used to specify the speed of sound used

in the wave number and the complex particle velocity
vector calculations, as shown below (see the Radiated
Sound Analysis section in the Users Guide for further
information):
Wave Number
The wave number k is defined as follows:
2 f
c
Where,
c is the speed of sound defined by PARAM, SPLC.
f is the frequency of the sound wave in the medium.

Complex Particle Velocity Vector
The complex particle velocity vector is defined for each
frequency as follows:
uuur
( pv) j ( f )
pj ( f ) X
j
c
i
krj
Where,
pj ( f )
is the complex acoustic pressure due to source grid
j at the microphone location.
X
j
is the unit vector from the source grid j to the

microphone grid
X
j
r
Xj
r
Xj
r
Xj
rj
(see Figure 1)
is the density of the acoustic medium defined by

PARAM, SPLRHO.

k is the wave number defined above under Wave Number.
rj
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is the distance from the acoustic source grid j on the

Parameter
Values
Description
panel to the microphone grid (see Figure 1).
i is the square root of -1

Note:
1.
This parameter is used to specify the speed of sound

used in Radiated Sound Analysis. The same value is
used in the Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP)
calculations (See PARAM, ERPC).
2.
If both PARAM, SPLC and PARAM, ERPC are specified in

the same input deck, then the last instance
dominates.

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PARAM, SPLFAC
Parameter
SPLFAC
Values
Description
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
This parameter specifies the scale factor (q ) used to

calculate the Sound Pressure Level in Radiated Sound
Analysis. The equation used for the calculation is:
Sound Pressure
Total Complex Acoustic Sound Pressure requested by SPL
is:
np
ptotal f
j 1
f q
V flux f
rj
ie
ikr j
Where,

PARAM, SPLRHO.
rj

panel to the microphone location grid (see Figure 1).
V flux f
is the velocity flux of the source grid j .
k is the wave number as defined in Wave Number.

np is the number of source grids (see Figure 1).
q is the value of the scale factor specified using the
parameter PARAM, SPLFAC.
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PARAM, SPLREFDB
Parameter
SPLREFDB
Values
Description
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
This parameter can be used to specify the reference sound

pressure value used to calculate the Sound Pressure Level
(SPL) in decibels (dB).
Note:
The Sound Pressure Level (SPL) in decibels can be
calculated using the following equation:
SPLdB
20.0 * log10 (
SPL
SPLREFDB
Where,
SPLdB
is the Sound Pressure Level in decibels.
SPL
is the magnitude of the acoustic sound pressure

specified in the Radiated Sound Analysis section of the
Users Guide.
SPLREFDB is the reference sound pressure value specified

using this parameter.

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PARAM, SPLRHO
Parameter
SPLRHO
Values
Description
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
This parameter is used to specify the density of the

acoustic medium in the calculation of the complex acoustic
sound pressure and the complex particle velocity vector,
as shown below (see the Radiated Sound Analysis section
of the Users Guide for further information):
Sound Pressure Level
Total Complex Acoustic Sound Pressure requested by SPL
is:
np
ptotal f
j 1
f q
V flux f
rj
ie
ikr j
Where,

PARAM, SPLRHO.
rj

panel to the microphone location grid (see Figure 1).
V flux f
is the velocity flux of the source grid j .
k is the wave number as defined in Wave Number.

np is the number of source grids (see Figure 1).
q is the value of the scale factor specified using the
parameter PARAM, SPLFAC.
Complex Particle Velocity Vector
The complex particle velocity vector is defined for each
frequency as follows:
uuur
( pv) j ( f )
pj ( f ) X
j
c
i
krj
Where,
pj ( f )
Altair Engineering
is the complex acoustic pressure due to source

Parameter
Values
Description
grid j at the microphone location.
X
j
is the unit vector from the source grid j to the

microphone grid
r
Xj
r
Xj
X
j
r
Xj
rj
(see Figure 1)

PARAM, SPLRHO.

k is the wave number defined above under Wave Number.
rj

panel to the microphone grid (see Figure 1).

Note:
1.
This parameter is used to specify the acoustic medium

density used in Radiated Sound Analysis. The same
value is used in the Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP)
calculations (See PARAM, ERPRHO).
2.
If both PARAM, SPLRHO and PARAM, ERPRHO are

specified in the same input deck, then the last
instance dominates.

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PARAM, SRCOMPS
Parameter
SRCOMPS
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
If YES, the strength ratios are output for composite

elements that have failure indices requested. (The
Output formats currently supported are: H3D, HM, OP2,
PCH and OPT)
If NO or blank, the strength ratio will not be output.
Note:
The Strength Ratios that are output as a result of
PARAM, SRCOMPS, YES depend on the Failure Theory
specified by the user. The following equations show the
relationship between the Failure Index and the Strength
Ratio for different Failure Theories.
Hill Failure Theory:
Strength Ratio
1
Failure Index
Hoffman Failure Theory: There is no direct relationship

between the Strength Ratio and Failure Index. (refer to
the Composite Laminates section of the Users Guide for
more information).
Tsai-Wu Failure Theory: There is no direct relationship
between the Strength Ratio and Failure Index. (refer to
the Composite Laminates section of the Users Guide for
more information).
Maximum Stress (Strain) Failure Theory:
Strength Ratio
1
Failure Index
For the Transverse Shear Failure Theory:
Strength Ratio
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1
Failure Index

PARAM, SS2GCR
Parameter
Values
Description
SS2GCR
<REAL>
Default = 5.0
PARAM, SS2GCR is used to control the accuracy of the

AMLS solution.
more details.

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PARAM, STRTHR
Parameter
Values
Description
STRTHR
Default = 0.0
This parameter can be used to specify the von Mises

stress threshold above which the stress results are output
for a model.
Note
1.
PARAM, STRTHR applies to all static subcases defined

within a model. The stress results for a particular
element are not output ONLY if its von Mises stress
value falls below STRTHR for ALL static subcases.
For example, if the von Mises stress results for
elements ID=1 and ID=2 fall below the threshold for
subcase 1, but are above the threshold for subcase 2;
then the stress results for both elements (ID=1 and
ID=2) are output for both subcases.
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2.
PARAM, STRTHR applies to stress results output in all

active formats.
3.
PARAM, STRTHR is supported for static analysis only.
4.
If PARAM, STRTHR is defined in a model, then 1D

element stresses are not output, regardless of their
stress level or the specified threshold.

PARAM, THCNTPEN
Parameter
THCNTPEN
Values
Description
AUTO, LOW,
HIGH
Default = AUTO
PARAM, THCNTPEN controls the penalty factor used in

thermal contact analysis.
AUTO:
Determines the value of conductivity for each contact/
gap element based on the conductivity of surrounding
elements.
LOW:
Imposes a lower penalty factor that reduces the
conductivity of each contact/gap element compared to
the conductivities of the surrounding elements. It can be
used when the program runs into convergence
difficulties.
HIGH:
Imposes a higher penalty factor that increases the
conductivity of each contact/gap element compared to
the conductivities of the surrounding elements. It can be
used to enforce stronger conduction.
Note:
1.
Theoretically, while higher conductivity values

enforce a perfect conductor, excessively high values
may result in poor conditioning of the conductivity
matrix. In such cases, it may be beneficial to reduce
the value of conductivity, or use conductivity based
contact clearance and pressure.
2.
This parameter influences the KC field of the

PCONTHT bulk data entry and the KAHT field of the
PGAPHT bulk data entry.

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PARAM, TOLRSC
Parameter
TOLRSC
Values
Description
Real
Default = 0.05
When the RSSCON shell-to-solid element connector is

used, the connecting grid points of the shell element
are moved onto the solid face if the grid points are
close enough. The tolerable distance of the shell grid
point to the solid edge or face is
where h is the
height of the solid edge. Rigid body invariance is
satisfied with double-precision accuracy if the shell grid
points are adjusted.
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PARAM, TRAKMETH
Parameter
Values
Description
TRAKMETH
<0, 1, 2>
TRAKMETH is a parameter that can be used to select

the criterion employed for mode tracking.
Default = 0
Defaults:
-The value of
this parameter is
0 if it is not
included in input
file.
-If this parameter
is included in the
input file, but no
value is provided,
then running the
program will
result in an error.
There are three tracking criteria available for selection

in the current implementation:
Mass cross-orthogonality check (CORC)
Modal assurance criterion (MAC)
Modal assurance criterion square root (MACSR).
If TRAKMETH = 0
The Mass cross-orthogonality check (CORC) criterion is
used for mode tracking. This performs a mass
orthogonality check of the current and previous
eigenvectors after reanalysis. CORC is implemented as
follows:
If TRAKMETH = 1
The Modal assurance criterion square root (MACSR)
criterion is used for mode tracking. This criterion
essentially calculates the dot product of the two unit
vectors associated with the current and previous
eigenvectors. MACSR is implemented as follows:
If TRAKMETH = 2
The standard modal assurance criterion (MAC) is used
for mode tracking. MAC is implemented as follows:
Where,
is the current eigenvector.
is the previous eigenvector.
is the mass matrix.

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PARAM, TRAKMTX
Parameter
Values
Description
TRAKMTX
<0, 1>
Default = 0
TRAKMTX is a parameter that controls the output of the

mode tracking matrix during optimization.
If TRAKMTX = 1
The mode tracking matrix will be printed to the output file
-The value of this at each iteration.
parameter is 0 if
If TRAKMTX = 0
it is not included
The mode tracking matrix will not be printed to the
in input file.
output file.
-If this parameter
is included in the Note:
input file, but no
Each element of the mode tracking matrix stores the
value is provided, correlation value of two eigenvectors which is calculated
then running the
using certain mode tracking criteria (see PARAM,
program will result TRAKMETH).
Defaults:
in an error.
Example
The following is an example of the mode tracking matrix.
For this example, assume that:
1.
The first 5 modes are being tracked.
2.
10 modes are calculated for each analysis
3.
PARAM, MFILTER is set to 0.7.
Mode Tracking Matrix
Based on the above matrix, mode 1 (of the previous

iteration) will get tracked to mode 1 (of current
iteration). Mode 2 will get tracked to mode 2. Mode 3 will
get tracked to mode 4. Mode 4 will get tracked to mode
3. And mode 5 could not be tracked to any of the 10
modes in the current iteration (out of bounds).
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PARAM, TPS
Parameter
Values
Description
TPS
<YES, NO>
Default = YES
PARAM, TPS may be used with transient response

analysis. When only shell stress results are required from
a transient response analysis, significant speed
improvements in run time can be obtained with the use of
this parameter.
YES: fast transient response analysis is activated only
shell stress results output may be requested in this case.
that is, no displacement results are output.
NO: normal transient response analysis is performed.

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PARAM, UCORD
Parameter
UCORD
Values
Description
<CID>
If = -1, the mass moment of inertia is calculated about the

center of gravity and is output in the basic coordinate
system.
Default = -1
If = 0, the mass moment of inertia is calculated about the

origin of the basic coordinate system. The output values
are expressed in the basic coordinate system.
the center of gravity coordinates are expressed in
the coordinate system CID. The mass moment of inertia is
calculated about the center of gravity and expressed in
the coordinate system CID.
Note:
Altair Engineering
1.
If PARAM, UCORD is not specified, CID = -1, or CID

given is not found, all values in PARAM, GRDPNT are
calculated relative to the basic coordinate system.
2.
If PARAM, GRDPNT is not specified in the input deck,

then the center of gravity and moment of inertia are
not output regardless of the value of PARAM, UCORD.

PARAM, VMOPT
Parameter
VMOPT
Values
Description
<Integer = 0, 1,
2>
Default = 0
If PARAM,VMOPT is set to 0 or 1, then the virtual mass

of the fluid is included in the mass matrix for all
calculations. This can increase the calculation time
because of the dense mass matrix on the damp surface
of the structure.
If PARAM,VMOPT,2 is specified, the eigenvalue solution
is performed without adding the mass contribution from
MFLUID, so that dry modes are calculated. A second
eigenvalue analysis is performed to get the damp modes,
which are used in modal dynamic solution. This solution
is much faster with only a slight loss of accuracy.
Note: Dry mode output in the .out file is available only
when PARAM,VMOPT,2 is specified.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, W3
Parameter
Values
Description
W3
<Real>
Default = 0.0
Used in transient analyses to convert structural damping to

equivalent viscous damping.
The damping matrix [B] for transient analysis is assembled
from:
where:
is the contribution from damping elements (CDAMP#,
CVSIC) and B2GG.
is the overall structural damping coefficient (PARAM,
G).
is the frequency of interest in radians per unit time
(PARAM, W3) for the conversion of overall structural
damping into equivalent viscous damping.
[K]
is the global stiffness matrix.

is the element structural damping coefficient (GE on
the MAT# entry).
(PARAM, W4) for the conversion of element structural
is the element stiffness matrix.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, W4
Parameter
Values
Description
W4
<Real>
Default = 0.0
Used in transient analyses to convert structural damping to

equivalent viscous damping.
The damping matrix [B] for transient analysis is assembled
from:
where:
is the contribution from damping elements (CDAMP#,
CVSIC) and B2GG.
is the overall structural damping coefficient (PARAM,
G).
(PARAM, W3) for the conversion of overall structural
[K]
is the global stiffness matrix.

is the element structural damping coefficient (GE on
the MAT# entry).
(PARAM, W4) for the conversion of element structural
is the element stiffness matrix.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, WR3
Parameter
WR3
Values
Description
<Real>
Default = 0.0
This parameter is used to include or exclude frequency

dependent damping in rotor dynamics analysis.
PARAM, WR3, <Real>
If any real value except 0.0 (default) is specified, then it
is included in the rotor dynamics equation as the
average excitation frequency. PARAM, WR3, <Real>
should be specified to activate frequency dependent
damping if PARAM, GYROAVG is set to -1.
PARAM, WR3, 0
If 0.0 is specified, then frequency dependent damping
terms are not included in rotor dynamics analysis.
Refer to the Users Guide section, Rotor Dynamics for more
details.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, WR4
Parameter
WR4
Values
Description
<Real>
Default = 0.0
This parameter is used to include or exclude frequency

dependent damping in rotor dynamics analysis.
PARAM, WR4, <Real>
If any real value except 0.0 (default) is specified, then it
is included in the rotor dynamics equation as the
average excitation frequency. PARAM, WR4, <Real>
should be specified to activate frequency dependent
damping if PARAM, GYROAVG is set to -1.
PARAM, WR4, 0
If 0.0 is specified, then frequency dependent damping
terms are not included in rotor dynamics analysis.
Refer to the Users Guide section, Rotor Dynamics for more
details.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, WTMASS
Parameter
Values
Description
WTMASS
Real > 0.0

Default = 1.0
The WTMASS (Weight-To-MASS) parameter is used as a

multiplier for the terms of the structural mass matrix.
Note
PARAM, WTMASS cannot be applied to superelements
(.h3d or .pch) that are read into the model. If the unit of
mass is incorrect on the MAT# entries and PARAM,
WTMASS is required to update the structural mass
matrix; then this should be done in the creation run.
Altair Engineering

PAXI
Bulk Data Entry
PAXI Axisymmetric Element Property
Description
Defines the properties of axisymmetric elements. Referenced by CTAXI entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PAXI
PID
MID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PAXI
203
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Field
Contents
PID
Unique axisymmetric element property identification number.
(10)

MID
Identification number of a MAT1 or MAT3 entry.

Comments
1.
All axisymmetric element property entries must have unique ID numbers.
2.

Altair Engineering
PBAR
Bulk Data Entry
PBAR Simple Beam Property
Description
The PBAR bulk data entry defines the properties of a simple beam (bar), which is used to
create bar elements via the CBAR entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PBAR
PID
MID
I1
I2
NSM
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
F1
K1
K2
I12
(9)
(10)
F2
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PBAR
39
2.9
8.4
5.97
1.1
2.0
4.0
Field
Contents
PID
Unique simple beam property identification number.
(8)
(9)
(10)

MID

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Area of bar cross-section.

I1

I2

I12
Area product of inertia.

Default = 0.0 (Real) (
Torsional constant.
NSM

K1, K2

Ci, Di,
Ei, Fi
Stress recovery coefficients.

Comments
1.
2.
The transverse shear stiffness in planes 1 and 2 are (K1)AG and (K2)AG, respectively.
The default values for K1 and K2 are infinite; in other words, the transverse shear
used for K1 and K2, the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0 (K1 and K2 are
interpreted as infinite).

Altair Engineering
3.
The stress recovery coefficients C1 and C2, and so on, are the y and z coordinates in the
BAR element coordinate system of a point at which stresses are computed. Stresses are
computed at both ends of the BAR.
Fig 1: C oordinate System for Bar Element (PBAR).
4.
5.
Altair Engineering

PBARL
Bulk Data Entry
PBARL Simple Beam Property
Description
Defines the properties of a simple beam (bar) by cross-sectional dimensions, which is used to
create bar elements via the CBAR entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PBARL
PID
MID
GROUP
TYPE/
NAME
ND
DIM1
DIM2
DIM3
DIM4
DIM5
DIM9
NSM
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DIM6
DIM7
DIM8
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PBARL
12
10.
6.
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
BOX
.5
.5
Field
Contents
PID
Unique simple beam property identification number.

MID


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
GROUP
Indicates if an arbitrary beam section definition is to be used. Refer to

Arbitrary Beam Section Definition in the Users Guide. If the value of this field is
HYPRBEAM, the following field is NAME; otherwise it is TYPE.
Default = blank (blank or HYPRBEAM)
TYPE
Cross-section type. When GROUP field is blank, this field is TYPE.

No default ("BAR", "BOX", "BOX1", "CHAN", "CHAN1", "CHAN2", "CROSS", "H",
"HAT", "I", "I1", "ROD", "T", "T1", "T2", "TUBE", "Z")
NAME
Name of arbitrary beam section definition. Refer to Arbitrary Beam Section

Definition in the Users Guide. When the value of GROUP is HYPRBEAM, this field
is NAME.
ND
Number of dimensions used to specify the Cross-section shape. This is required

when the value of the GROUP field is HYPRBEAM. ND represents the total number
of dimensions used to define an Arbitrary Beam Section.
Default = blank
DIMi
Cross-sectional dimensions.
NSM
Nonstructural mass per unit length. NSM is specified after the last DIMi.
Default 0.0 (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
The cross-sectional properties, shear flexibility factors, and stress recovery points (C, D,
E, and F) are computed using the TYPE and DIMi as shown below. The origin of the
element coordinate system is centered at the shear center of the cross-section oriented
as shown. The PBARL does not account for offsets between the neutral axis and the
shear center. Therefore, the CHAN cross-sections may produce incorrect results. The
PBEAML entry is recommended.
Altair Engineering

Type = BAR
Type = BOX
Type = BOX1
Type = CHAN

Altair Engineering
Type = CHAN1
Type = CHAN2
Type = CROSS
Type = H
Altair Engineering

Type = HAT
Type = I
Type = I1
Type = ROD

Altair Engineering
Type = T
Type = T2
Altair Engineering
Type = T1
Type = TUBE

Type = Z
3.

Altair Engineering
PBARX
Bulk Data Entry
PBARX Optional BAR Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional BAR properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PBARX
PID
ISMSTR
ISTRAIN
DM
DB
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number of the associated PBAR or PBARL card. See

comment 1.
ISMSTR
Flag for small strain formulation.

1 - Small strain from time =0
2 - Full geometric nonlinearity
ISTRAIN
Flag for shear in beam formulation.

DM
Beam membrane damping.

DB
Beam bending damping.

Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PBAR bulk data entry. Only
one PBARX property extension can be associated with a particular PBAR.
Altair Engineering

2.
PBARX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
If the small strain option is activated (ISMSTR = 1), the strain and stress are engineering
strain and stress; otherwise they are true strain and stress.
4.
This card is represented as an extension to a PBAR property in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PBEAM
Bulk Data Entry
PBEAM Beam Property
Description
The PBEAM bulk data entry defines the properties of beam elements defined via the CBEAM
entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PBEAM
PID
MID
A(A)
I1(A)
I2(A)
I12(A)
J(A)
NSM(A)
C 1(A)
C 2(A)
D1(A)
D2(A)
E1(A)
E2(A)
F1(A)
F2(A)
(10)
The following two continuation lines may be repeated up to ten times. They are used to
define stations along the beam element.
SO
X/XB
I1
I2
I12
NSM
C1
C2
D1
D2
E1
E2
F1
F2
NSIA
NSIB
N1A
N2A
N1B
N2B
The last two continuation lines are:

K1
K2
M1A
M2A
Altair Engineering
M1B
M2B

Fig 1: Beam Element C oordinate System (for PBEAM entry)
Example 1
This example represents a straight beam with stress recovery, only at end A.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PBEAM
9.5
18.073
98.792
0.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
NO
1.0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.813
2.1
0.5
Example 2
This example represents a tapered beam with an intermediate section defined halfway
along its length and stress recovery at both end A and end B.

Altair Engineering
Note that the blank line after YES is entered for Stress Output (SO) at end B.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PBEAM
9.5
18.073
98.792
0.813
0.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
NO
0.5
6.5
5.385
35.542
0.563
YES
1.0
3.5
0.698
7.292
0.313
(9)
(10)
2.1
0.5
Field
Contents
PID

MID

A(A)
Area of beam cross-section at end A.

I1(A)
Area moment inertia in plane 1 about the neutral axis at end A.

I2(A)
Area moment inertia in plane 2 about the neutral axis at end A.

I12(A)
Area product inertia at end A (
).
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
J(A)
Torsional stiffness parameter at end A.

NSM(A)
Nonstructural mass per unit length at end A.

Ci(A), Di(A),
Ei(A), Fi(A)
The y and z locations in element coordinates for stress data recovery at

end A. (i=1 is y and i=2 is z)
Default = 0.0 for all entries (Real)
SO
Stress output request option for intermediate stations and end B. See
comments 5 through 8.
If set to NO, the following continuation line (containing fields C1 through
F2) must be omitted for that intermediate station, and no stresses are
recovered for that intermediate station.
If set to YESA, the following continuation line (containing fields C1
through F2) must be omitted for that intermediate station, and stresses,
for that intermediate station, are recovered at the stress recovery
locations identified for end A.
If set to YES, the following continuation line (containing fields C1 through
F2) must contain the same stress recovery locations as the first
continuation line (containing fields C1(A) through F2(A)) or must be
entirely blank.
Default = YES (YES, YESA, or NO)
X/XB
Fractional distance of the intermediate station from end A.

Area of beam cross-section for intermediate stations.

Default = A(A) (Real > 0.0)
I1
Area moment inertia in plane 1 about the neutral axis for intermediate
stations.
Default = I1(A) (Real > 0.0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
I2
Area moment inertia in plane 2 about the neutral axis for intermediate
stations.
Default = I2(A) (Real > 0.0)
I12
Area product inertia for intermediate stations (
).
Default = I12(A) (Real)

J
Torsional stiffness parameter for intermediate stations.

Default = J(A) (Real > 0.0)
NSM
Nonstructural mass per unit length for intermediate stations.

Default = NSM(A) (Real)
Ci, Di, Ei, Fi
The y and z locations in element coordinates for stress data recovery for
intermediate stations. (i=1 is y and i=2 is z). See comments 5 through 8.
Default = 0.0 for all entries. (Real)
K1,K2
Shear stiffness factor K in K*A*G for plane 1 and plane 2.

Default = 1.0 for both (Real)
NSIA
Nonstructural mass moment of inertia per unit length about nonstructural

mass center of gravity at end A.
NSIB
Nonstructural mass moment of inertia per unit length about nonstructural

mass center of gravity at end B.
Default = NSIA (Real)
M1A, M2A
(y,z) coordinates of center of gravity of nonstructural mass at end A.

Default = 0.0, 0.0 (Real)
M1B, M2B
(y,z) coordinates of center of gravity of nonstructural mass at end B.

Default = M1A, M2A (Real)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
N1A, N2A
(y,z) coordinates of neutral axis at end A.

Default = 0.0, 0.0 (Real)
N1B, N2B
(y,z) coordinates of neutral axis at end B.

Default = N1A, N2A (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
Blank fields for K1 and K2 are defaulted to 1.0. If a value of 0.0 is used for K1 and K2,
the transverse shear flexibilities are set to 0.0.
3.
One value for X/XB must be 1.0.
4.
5.
Stress recovery is only allowed at end A and end B. Stress recovery at intermediate
stations is not supported.
6.
If no stress data at end A is to be recovered, but a stress recovery location is defined for
end B, then the first continuation entry, which contains the fields C1(A) through F2(A),
may be omitted.
7.
If the continuation line containing values C1 through F2 is entirely blank for end B, then
the stress recovery locations defined for end A are used. However, if any entry is defined
on this line, then all blank entries will default to 0.0 and not the corresponding entry for
end A.
8.
Stress recovery locations must be the same for end A and end B.
9.
OSDIAG, 166, 1 may be input in the I/O options section of the input deck to bypass error
terminations caused by PBEAM definitions which violate the rules outlined in comments 5
and 8. In such instances, the following occurs:
Warning messages regarding the violations are echoed to the .out file.
Stress is not recovered at intermediate stations.
Recovery locations defined for end A are also used for end B.
10. For tapered beams, a single prismatic beam is created with properties obtained by
weighted averaging of all station properties.

Altair Engineering
11. The cross-sectional properties have to be specified fully for end A. For end B, blank fields
mean that the properties are the same as for end A. For intermediate stations, blank
fields result in a linear interpolation between the property value at end A and end B being
used.
12. The NSM specified at end A is the default value for NSM at end B. The default for all
other stations is a linear interpolation between end A and end B. So, for a constant NSM
over the length of the beam, only NSM at end A is required.
The mass of the element is calculated as:
Mass = density * beam_area * beam_length + NSM * beam_length
If the NSM value is different in different stations, it is averaged over all the stations and
the average is used in the element calculation.
13. This card is represented as a property in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PBEAML
Bulk Data Entry
PBEAML Beam Property
Description
Defines the properties of a beam element by cross-sectional dimensions that are used to
create beam elements via the CBEAM entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PBEAML
PID
MID
GROUP
TYPE/
NAME
ND
DIM1(A)
DIM2(A)
NSM(A)
NSM(1)
SO(B)
(10)
SO(1)
X(1)/XB
DIM1(1)
DIM2(1)
X(B)/XB
DIM1(B)
DIM2(B)
NSM(B)
* The format of this bulk data

entry is somewhat unusual as
the field locations can vary
depending on the number of
dimensions used to define the
cross-section.
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PBEAML
99
21
12.
14.8
2.5
7.
1.2
2.6
5.6.
2.3
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
NO
0.4
6.
0.6
6.
7.8
(10)
26.
YES
YES

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
PID

MID

GROUP
Indicates if an arbitrary beam section definition is to be used. Refer to

Arbitrary Beam Section Definition in the Users Guide. If the value of
this field is HYPRBEAM, the following field is NAME; otherwise it is TYPE.
Default = blank (blank or HYPRBEAM)
TYPE
Cross-section shape. When GROUP field is blank, this field is TYPE.

No default ("BAR", "BOX", "BOX1", "CHAN", "CHAN1", "CHAN2", "CROSS",
"H", "HAT", "I", "I1", "L", "ROD", "T", "T1", "T2", "TUBE", "Z")
NAME
Name of arbitrary beam section definition. Refer to Arbitrary Beam

Section Definition in the Users Guide. When the value of GROUP is
HYPRBEAM, this field is NAME.
ND
Number of dimensions used to specify the Cross-section shape. This is

required when the value of the GROUP field is HYPRBEAM. ND represents
the total number of dimensions used to define an Arbitrary Beam
Section.
Default = blank
DIMi(A)
Cross-section dimensions at end A.

NSM(A)
Nonstructural mass per unit length at end A.

SO(#)
Stress output request option for intermediate station #.

Stress output is not supported for intermediate stations so this field
must be set to NO.
X(#)/XB
Distance from end A to intermediate station # in the element coordinate
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
system, divided by the length of the element.
DIMi(#)
Cross-section dimensions at intermediate station #.

(Real > 0.0)
NSM(#)
Nonstructural mass per unit length at intermediate station #.

SO(B)
Stress output request option for end B.

Default = YES (YES or NO)
X(B)/XB
Distance form end A to end B in the element coordinate system, divided

by the length of the element.
This must be 1.0
DIMi(B)
Cross-section dimensions at end B

(Real > 0.0)
NSM(B)
Nonstructural mass per unit length at end B.

Comments
1.
2.
Up to eleven stations are allowed (end A and B, and nine intermediate stations #).
3.
The cross-sectional properties, shear flexibility factors, and stress recovery points (C, D,
E, and F) are computed using the TYPE and DIMi as shown below. The element
coordinate system is located at the shear center.

Altair Engineering
Type = BAR
Type = BOX
Type = BOX1
Type = CHAN
Altair Engineering

Type = CHAN1
Type = CHAN2
Type = CROSS
Type = H

Altair Engineering
Type = HAT
Type = I
Type = I1
Type = L
Altair Engineering

Type = ROD
Type = T
Type = T1
Type = T2

Altair Engineering
Type = TUBE
Type = Z
4.
For PBEAML entries with more than one section, an equivalent PBEAM entry is derived. An
echo request will cause a printout of the derived PBEAM.
5.
Stress recovery is only allowed at end A and end B. Stress recovery at intermediate
stations is not supported.
6.
For tapered beams, a single prismatic beam is created with dimensions obtained by
weighted averaging of all station dimensions.
7.
DIMi and NSM have to be specified fully on station A. On station B, blank means that the
dimensions are the same as at A. On other stations, it is a linear interpolation between A
and B.
8.
The NSM specified at end A is the default value for NSM at end B. The default for all
other stations is a linear interpolation between end A and end B. So, for a constant NSM
over the length of the beam, only NSM at end A is required.
The mass of the element is calculated as:
Mass = density * beam_area * beam_length + NSM * beam_length
If the NSM value is different in different stations, it is averaged over all the stations and
the average is used in the element calculation.
9.
Altair Engineering

PBEAMX
Bulk Data Entry
PBEAMX Optional BEAM Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional BEAM properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PBEAMX
PID
ISMSTR
ISTRAIN
DM
DB
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number of the associated PBEAM, PBEAML. See

comment 1.
ISMSTR
Flag for small strain formulation.

2 - Full geometric non-linearity
ISTRAIN
Flag for shear in beam formulation.

DM
Beam membrane damping.

DB
Beam bending damping.

Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PBEAM bulk data entry.
Only one PBEAMX property extension can be associated with a particular PBEAM.

Altair Engineering
2.
PBEAMX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
If the small strain option is activated (ISMSTR = 1), the strain and stress are engineering
4.
This card is represented as an extension to a PSOLID property in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PBUSH
Bulk Data Entry
PBUSH Generalized Spring-Damper-Mass Property
Description
Defines the nominal property values for a generalized spring-damper-mass structural element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PBUSH
PID
K1
K2
K3
K4
K5
K6
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
GE
GE1
GE2
GE3
GE4
GE5
GE6
M1
M2
M3
M4
M5
M6
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PBUSH
35
4.35
2.4
RIGID
GE
0.02
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
3.1
Example 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PBUSH
35
4.35
1.2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
7.1

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
PID

Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are stiffness values.

Ki
Nominal stiffness values in directions 1 through 6. See comments 3, 6, and

8.
Default = 0.0 (Real or RIGID)
Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are force-per-velocity damping.

Bi
Nominal damping coefficients in directions 1 through 6 in units of force per

unit velocity.
GE
Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are the structural damping
constants.
GEi
Nominal structural damping constants in directions 1 through 6. See

comments 3, 5, and 6.
Flag indicating that the next 1 to 6 fields are directional masses.
Mi
Nominal mass values in directions 1 through 6. See comment 7.

Comments
1.
All generalized spring-damper-mass property entries must have unique ID numbers.
2.
The K, B, GE, and M lines may be specified in any order.
Altair Engineering

3.
Ki, Bi, GEi, or Mi may be made frequency dependent for both direct and modal frequency
response by use of the PBUSHT entry.
The nominal values are used for all analysis types except frequency response. For modal
frequency response, the normal modes are computed using the nominal Ki values. The
frequency-dependent values are used at every excitation frequency.
4.
5.
If PARAM, W4 is not specified, GEi is ignored in transient analysis.
6.
For upward compatibility, if ONLY GE1 is specified on a PBUSH entry and GEi, i = 2 to 6 are
blank on that PBUSH entry, then a single structural damping is assumed and applied to all
Ki of that PBUSH. If a PBUSH entry has a GEi, i = 2 to 6 specified, then the GEi fields are
considered variable for that PBUSH entry.
7.
The Mi fields do not contribute to mass and inertia properties. Their contributions to
gravity and/or centrifugal loading are also not included.
8.
The keyword RIGID may be used in place of a stiffness value for Ki entries. When RIGID is
defined, a very high relative stiffness (relative to the surrounding structure) is selected
for that degree-of-freedom simulating a rigid connection.
9.

Altair Engineering
PBUSH1D
Bulk Data Entry
PBUSH1D Rod-type Spring-and-Damper Property
Description
Defines the linear and nonlinear properties for a one-dimensional spring-and-damper structural
element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PBUSH1D
PID
SPRING
TYPE
IDT
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PBUSH1D
35
4.35
0.5
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
PBUSH1D
35
4.35
SPRING
TABLE
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
43
Field
Contents
PID

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Stiffness.
Viscous damping.
Total mass.
SPRING String indicating that a function defining the spring characteristics follows.
TYPE
Type of input definition.

Default = TABLE (Character = TABLE)
IDT
Identification number of a TABLEDi table entry.

Comments
1.
Either the stiffness K, or the damping B, or the mass M must be specified. B and M are
ignored in static subcases.
2.
The SPRING continuation line is used in nonlinear analysis solution sequences only. The
table input supersedes the stiffness K.
3.
PBUSH1D may only be referenced by CBUSH1D elements.
4.
In all linear subcases, as well as small displacement nonlinear quasi-static

(ANALYSIS=NLSTAT) subcases, PBUSH1D and CBUSH1D are converted internally to the
equivalent PBUSH (with PBUSHT, if necessary) and CBUSH.
5.

Altair Engineering
PBUSHT
Bulk Data Entry
PBUSHT Generalized Spring and Damper Property
Description
Defines property values for a generalized spring and damper structural element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PBUSHT
PID
TYPE
TID1
TID2
TID3
TID4
TID5
TID6
TYPE
TID1
TID2
TID3
TID4
TID5
TID6
TYPE
TID1
TID2
TID3
TID4
TID5
TID6
TYPE
TID1
TID2
...
...
Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number. Must match with a PID of a PBUSH Bulk

Data Entry.
(10)

TYPE
Identifies what the following six fields reference.

If TYPE is K, then the following six fields are stiffness vs. frequency table
references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
If TYPE is B, then the following six fields are viscous damping vs. frequency
table references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
If TYPE is GE, then the following six fields are structural damping vs.
frequency table references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
If TYPE is M, then the following six fields are directional mass vs. frequency
table references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
If TYPE is KN, then the following six fields are force vs. deflection table
references for dofs 1 through 6, respectively.
See comment 4.
No default (K, B, GE, M, or KN)
TID#
Identification number of a TABLED# entry. The type of the referenced

table is defined by the TYPE keyword given on the same line. The six
references on each line represent the 6 degrees-of-freedom in sequence
from 1 through 6.
Comments
1.
The K, B, GE, and M fields are associated with the same entries on the PBUSH entry
2.
PBUSHT may only be referenced by CBUSH elements in the residual structure which do not
attach to any omitted degrees-of-freedom.
3.
The TYPEs can be defined in any order, but may only appear once per PBUSH definition.
4.
TYPE=K, B, GE and M are allowed for frequency response analysis only, while TYPE=KN is
allowed only for nonlinear analysis.
5.
For upward computability, if ONLY the dof1 field for the GE line (line where TYPE=GE) is
specified on ALL PBUSHT entries and the other dofs for the GE line are blank on ALL
PBUSH entries, then a single structural damping table for each PBUSHT applied to all
defined dofs on the K line for each PBUSH is assumed. If ANY PBUSHT entry has a dof
field other than dof1 for the GE line specified, then the GE fields are considered variable
on ALL PBUSH and PBUSHT entries.
6.

Altair Engineering
PCNTX2
Bulk Data Entry
PCNTX2 Extended CONTACT Property type 2 for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines properties TYPE2 tied CONTACT interface for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
PC NTX2
PID
IGNROE
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FSPOT
LEVEL
ISRC H
IDELG
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
MAXND
MAXTD
(8)
(9)
If FSPOT = 20, 21, or 22, two continuation lines

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RUPT
IFILT
SRTID
SNTID
STTID
FSTR
FSTRATE
FDIST
ALPHA
If FSPOT = 25, one continuation line

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
STFAC
VISC
(5)
(6)
(7)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC NTX2
34
Altair Engineering
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number of the associated PCONT.

IGNORE
Flag to ignore slave nodes if no master segment found for TIE contact
(See comment 7).
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, or 2)
0 - No deletion of slave nodes;
interface;
interface, if SRCHDIS is blank, then it would be new calculated internally.
FSPOT
Flag for spotweld formulation. (Integer).

Default = 5.
1 - Formulation is optimized for spotweld or rivets.
2 - Same formulation as standard formulation. Required when using
hierarchy levels. Not compatible with nodal time step (TSTYP= GRID, TSC
= CST).
4 - Rotational degrees of freedom are not transmitted (if shells are
used).
5 - Standard formulation.
20, 21, 22 - formulation with failure. Not compatible with nodal time step
GRID(CST) on XSTEP card. The stress is computed for each slave node
according to the "equivalent" surface around the node. The equivalent
surface is defined accordingly:
20 - Surface computed using shell and brick faces attached to the node.
21 - Surface computed using only the shell attached to the node.
22 - Surface computed using only the brick faces attached to the node.
25 - Penalty formulation.
30 - Formulation with cubic curvature of master segment. Not compatible
with nodal time step GRID(CST) on XSTEP card.
LEVEL
Hierarchy level of the interface.

ISRCH
Search formulation flag for the closest master segment.

1 - Old formulation (only used for previous version)
2 - New improved formulation

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
IDELG
Flag for node deletion.

0 - No deletion.
1 - The kinematic condition is suppressed on slave node, if the master
element is deleted. (The slave node is removed from the interface).
RUPT
Failure model (only available with FSPOT = 20, 21, 22) (Integer).
See comment 7.
0 - Failure when MAXND or MAXTD are reached;
1 - See comment 10.
IFILT
Filter flag (See comment 13)

0 - No filtering
1 - Filtering (alpha filter)
SRTID
Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining stress factor vs stress

rate (See comment 9).
SNTID
Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining maximum normal stress vs

normal relative displacement(ND).
This function must be defined. (See comment 9)
STTID
Identification number of TABLEDi entry defining maximum tangential

stress vs tangential relative displacement (TD).
This function must be defined. (See comment 9)
MAXND
Maximum normal relative displacement.

MAXTD
Maximum tangential relative displacement.

FSTR
Stress scale factor (See comment 9)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
FSTRATE
Stress rate scale factor (See comment 9)

FDIST
Distance scale factor (See comment 9)

ALPHA
Stress filter alpha value

STFAC
Interface stiffness scale factor. (Only used with FSPOT = 25)

VISC
(Optional) Critical damping coefficient on interface stiffness (Only used

with FSPOT = 25)
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PCONT bulk data entry.
Only one PCNTX2 property extension can be associated with a particular PCONT.
2. PCNTX2 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. If FRIC is not explicitly defined on the PCONTX/PCNTX# entries, the MU1 value on the
PCONT.
4. PCNXT2 is only valid for tied contact on TIE card.
5. Interface type 2 is a kinematic condition, no other kinematic condition should be set on
any nodes of the slave surface.
6. The default value for SRCHDIS is the average of the mater segments.
7. If IGNORE = 1 or 2, the slave nodes without a master segment found during the searching
are deleted from the interface;
If INGORE = 1 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the default value of the distance for searching
closest master segment is the average size of the master segments;
If IGNORE = 2 and SRCHDIS is blank, then the distance for searching closest master
segment is computed as follows for each slave node:

Altair Engineering
d1 = 0.6 * (T s + T m)
d2 = 0.05 * T md
SRCHDIS = max(d1 , d2)
where,
T s - Thickness of the element connected to the slave node, for solids T s = 0.0
T m - Thickness of master segment, for solids T m = Element volume / Segment area
T md - Master segment diagonal
8. Master nodes of an interface type 2 may be slave nodes of another interface type 2 if the
hierarchy level of the first interface is lower than the hierarchy level of the second
interface. Hierarchy levels are only available with FSPOT=2.
9. For failure (FSPOT = 20, 21, 22), it could model glue connection. In this case, the force in
slave node will be scaled by reduced force coefficient f N (f T ), which is computed as;
The reduced force is compared to the maximum value:

If
, then N = 1, which means the force will not be reduced.
If
reduced.
, then
, which means the force will be then
Here the maximum value will be defined by you with:
Altair Engineering

Where:
: maximum normal stress value defined by SNTID
: normal stress
: maximum tangential stress value defined by STTID
: tangential stress
FSTR: the input constant stress factor
SRTID: the input variable coefficient
SNTID and STTID: the input stress-displacement tables.
Once the rupture criterion (defined by Rupt) is reached, the contact will be deleted.
10. If RUPT = 1, the failure criterion is as follows:
11. If FSPOT = 30, slave mass/inertia/stiffness distribution to the master node is based on
the Kirschoff model: bi-cubic form functions are used instead of linear (standard
formulation). It allows a softer contact behavior since the element shape curvature is
taken into account in the force/moment transmission.
12. If IDELG = 1, then when a 4-node shell, a 3-node shell or a solid element is deleted, it is
also removed from the master side of the interface (kinematic condition is suppressed on
relative slave nodes).
13. If IFILT is set to 1, the normal and tangential stresses are filtered with an alpha filter, as
follows:

Altair Engineering
14. FSPOT = 25 (penalty formulation) will keep the penalty formulation during the whole run.
The slave node (of this contact) could also be the slave node of another kinematic
option, like rigid body. The penalty stiffness is constant, calculated as the mean nodal
stiffness of master and slave side. The stiffness factor, STFAC, may be used to modify it,
if needed. The penalty stiffness will be multiplied by STFAC. A critical viscous damping
coefficient (VISC) allows damping to be applied to the interface stiffness.
Altair Engineering

PCNTX5
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines properties type 5 of a CONTACT interface for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
PC NTX5
PID
STFAC
(4)
FRIC
IBC
(5)
(6)
GAP
TSTART
IRM
INAC TI
IFRIC
IFILT
FFAC
FRIC DAT
C1
C2
C3
(7)
(8)
IBAG
IDEL
C5
C6
(9)
(10)
TEND
C4
Example
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC NTX5
34
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PID
(9)
(10)

IBAG
Airbag vent holes closure flag in case of contact.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
0 - No closure
1 - Closure
IDEL
Flag for node and segment deletion. (See comment 5)

0 - No deletion.
1 - When all the elements (shells, solids) associated to one segment are
Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the slave side of
the interface.
2 - When a shell or a solid element is deleted, the corresponding
segment is removed from the master side of the interface. Additionally,
non-connected nodes are removed from the slave side of the interface.
STFAC

FRIC
Coulomb friction.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Real > 0)
GAP
Gap for impact activation (See comment 4).

TSTART
Start time
TEND
Time for temporary deactivation.

IBC
Flag for deactivation of boundary conditions at impact applied to the

slave grid set.
Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ, XYZ)
IRM
Renumbering flag for segments of the master surface (Integer = 0, 1, 2).

0 - If segment is connected to a solid element its normal is reversed if
entering the solid element (the segment is renumbered).
1 - Normal is always reversed (segment 1234 is read 2143).
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
2 - Normal is never reversed (segment connected to a solid element are
not renumbered).
INACTI

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 3, 4)
0 - No action.
IFRIC

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = COUL, GEN, DARM, REN)
IFILT

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, SIMP, PER, CUTF)
FFAC
Friction filtering factor.

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Real = 0.0 < FFAC < 1.0)
FRICDAT
FRICDAT flag indicates that additional information for IFRIC will follow.
Only available when IFRIC = GEN, DARM or REN.
C1, C2, C3, Coefficients to define variable friction coefficient in IFRIC = GEN, DARM,
C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PCONT bulk data entry.
2.
PCNTX5 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM or IMPDYN. It is ignored for all other subcases.

Altair Engineering
3.
PCONT.
4.
In implicit analysis, different contact formulations are used for contact where slave and
master set do not overlap and where they overlap (self-contact).
In the case of self-contact, the gap cannot be zero and a constant gap is used. For
small initial gaps, the convergence will be more stable and faster if GAP is larger than the
initial gap.
In implicit analysis, sometimes a stiffness with scaling factor reduction (for example,
5. Flag IDEL = 1 has a CPU cost higher than IDEL = 2.

6. INACTI = 3, 4 are only recommended for small initial penetrations and should be used with
caution because:
interfaces.
7.
IFRIC defines the friction model.

IFRIC = COUL Coulomb friction with F T < FRIC * F N.
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function ( = (p, V)), where p is the
pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the tangential velocity of
the slave node.
IFRIC = 1 - Generalized viscous friction law
= FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
IFRIC = 2 - Darmstad law
= C1 * e(C 2V ) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V ) * p + C5 * e(C 6V )
IFRIC = 3 - Renard law
0 < V < C5
Altair Engineering

C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

second critical velocity Vcr2 (C5 < C6).
The static friction coefficient C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2, must be lower
than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3 and C2 < C3).
The minimum friction coefficient C4, must be lower than the static friction coefficient
C1 and the dynamic friction coefficient C2 (C4 < C1 and C4 < C2).
8.
IFILT defines the method for computing the friction filtering coefficient. If IFILT
NO,
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T-1
where,
F'T-1 - Tangential force at time t-1
IFILT = SIMP = FFAC
IFILT = PER = 2
IFILT = CUTF = 2
9.
dt/FFAC, where dt/T = FFAC, T is the filtering period

* FFAC * dt, where FFAC is the cutting frequency
This card is represented as an extension to a PCONT property in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PCNTX7
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PC NTX7
PID
ISTF
ITHE
IGAP
GAPFAC
GAPMAX
FPENMAX
STMIN
STMAX
MESHSIZ
E
DTMIN
IREMGAP
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
TSTART
TEND
INAC TI
VISS
IFORM
SENSID
IBC
(5)
IFRIC
IFILT
FFAC
C URVDA
T
G1
G2
FRIC DAT
C1
C2
C3
ADMDAT
NRADM
PADM
ANGLAD
M
THEDAT
RTHE
FRAD
DRAD
FHEATS
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
IBAG
IDEL
IC URV
IADM
VISF
BMULT
C4
C5
C6
TINT
ITHEF
(10)
FHEATM
Example
Altair Engineering

(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC NTX7
34
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
PID
(8)
(9)
(10)

ISTF

0 - The stiffness is computed according to the master side
characteristics.
ITHE
Heat contact flag (Integer).

Default = 0.
0 - No heat transfer.
1 - Heat transfer activated.
IGAP

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST, VAR, VAR2, VAR3)
CONST - Gap is constant and equal to GAP (See comment 6).
VAR, VAR2, VAR3 - Gap is variable (in space, not in time) according to
the characteristics of the impacting surfaces and nodes (See comment
7).
IBAG

Default = 0 (Integer).
0 - No closure.
1 - Closure.
IDEL


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
0 - No deletion.
the interface.
ICURV
Gap envelope with curvature (See comment 8).

Integer 0, ..., 3.
0 - No curvature.
1 - Spherical curvature.
2 - Cylindrical curvature.
3 - Automatic bicubic surface.
IADM
Computing local curvature flag for adaptive meshing (See comments 9

and 10).
Default = 0 (Integer 0, 1, 2).
0 - Not activated.
1 - Interface update according mesh size.
2 - Interface update according mesh size, penetration and angle.
GAPFAC
Gap scale factor (used only when IGAP = VAR2 and VAR3).
GAPMAX
Maximum gap (used only when IGAP = VAR2 and VAR3).

FPENMAX
Maximum fraction of initial penetration (See comment 13).

(Real)
STMIN
Minimum stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).

STMAX
Maximum stiffness (Only with ISTF > 1).
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
MESHSIZE
Percentage of mesh size (used only when IGAP = VAR3).

Default = 0.4 (Real, 0.0 < MESHSIZE < 1.0)
DTMIN
Limiting nodal time step (see comment 19)
IREMGAP
Flag to deactivate slave nodes if element size < gap value, in case of
self-impact contact (See comment 20).
1 - No slave node deactivation
2 - Deactivate slave nodes.
STFAC

FRIC
Coulomb friction.
GAP

TSTART
Start time
TEND

IBC

slave grid set.
INACTI

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 6)
0
1
2
3
No action.
Deactivation of stiffness on nodes.
Deactivation of stiffness on elements.
Change slave node coordinates to avoid small initial penetrations.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
5 - GAP is variable with time and initial gap is adjusted as follows:
gap0 = gap - P0
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 0.05*(gap - P0)
VISS

VISF

BMULT
Sorting factor. Can be used to speed up the sorting algorithm. Is

machine-dependent.
IFRIC

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = COUL, GEN, DARM, or REN)
IFILT

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, SIMP, PER, or CUTF)
FFAC

IFORM
Type of friction penalty formulation (See comment 16).

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = VISC, STIFF)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
SENSID
Sensor identifier to Activate/Deactivate the interface (See comment 21)

No default (Integer)
If a sensor identifier is defined, the activation/deactivation of the
interface is based on SENSID instead of TSTART or TSTOP.
CURVDAT
CURVDAT flag indicates that additional information about ICURV will

follow. Only available when ICURV = 1 or 2.
G1
First grid identifier (used only when ICURV = 1 or 2)

(Integer)
G2
Second grid identifier (used only when ICURV = 2, ignored when ICURV =
1)
(Integer)
FRICDAT
C4, C5, C6 REN.
ADMDAT
ADMDAT flag indicates that additional information about IADM will follow.
Only available when IADM = 2.
NRADM
Number of elements through a 90 degree radius 3 (used only when IADM

= 2)
(Integer)
PADM
Criteria on the percentage of penetration (used only when IADM = 2).

ANGLADM
Angle criteria (used only when IADM = 2)

(Real)
THEDAT
THEDAT flag indicates that additional information about ITHE will follow.
Only available when ITHE = 1.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
RTHE
Heat conduction coefficient (used only when ITHE = 1, see comment 18)
(Real).
TINT
Interface temperature (used only when ITHE = 1)

(Real)
ITHEF
Heat contact formulation flag (used only when ITHE = 1, Integer).

0 - Exchange between constant temperature in the interface and shells
(slave side).
1 - Heat exchange between pieces in contact.
FRAD
Radiation factor (used only when ITHE = 1)

No default (Real)
DRAD
Maximum distance for radiation computation (used only when ITHE = 1)

No default (Real)
FHEATS
Frictional heating factor of the slave (used only when ITHE = 1, see
comment 25)
No default (Real)
FHEATM
Frictional heating factor of the master (used only when ITHE = 1, see
comment 25)
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
PCNTX7 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
PCONT.
4.
Altair Engineering

initial gap.
5.
STFAC * E * t for shells.
In these equations, B is the Bulk Modulus, S is the segment area, and V is the volume of a
solid. There is no limitation to the value of stiffness factor (but a value larger than 1.0
can reduce the initial time step).
The interface stiffness is then K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with:
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of:
7.
If IGAP = VAR, the variable gap is computed as gs + gm;

If IGAP = VAR2, the variable gap is computed as max(GAP, min(GAPFAC * (gs+gm),
GAPMAX);
If IGAP = VAR3, the variable gap is computed as max(GAP, min(GAPFAC * (gs+gm),
MESHSIZE * (gsl+gml), GAPMAX).
with:
gm - master element gap, with:
gs = 0 if the slave node is not connected to any element or is only connected to solid

Altair Engineering
or spring elements.
element.
gml - length of the smaller edge of element.
gsl - length of the smaller edge of elements connected to the slave nodes.
The variable gap is always at least equal to GAP.
8.
If ICURV = 1, a spherical curvature is defined for the gap with node_ID1 (center of the
sphere).
If ICURV = 2, a cylindrical curvature is defined for the gap with node_ID1 and node_ID2
(on the axis of the cylinder).
If ICURV = 3, the master surface shape is obtained with a bicubic interpolation, respecting
continuity of the coordinates and the normal from one segment to the other.
In case of a large change in curvature, this formulation might become unstable (will be
improved in future version).
9.
In case of adaptive meshing and IADM =1:

If the contact occurs in a zone (master side) whose radius of curvature is lower than the
element size (slave side), the element on the slave side will be divided (if not yet at
maximum level).
10. In case of adaptive meshing and IADM =2:
Altair Engineering

If the contact occurs in a zone (master side) whose radius of curvature is lower than
NRadm times the element size (slave side), the element on the slave side will be divided
(if not yet at maximum level).
If the contact occurs in a zone (master side) where the angles between the normals are
greater than Angladm and the percentage of penetration is greater than Padm, the
element on the slave side will be divided (if not yet at maximum level).
11. The coefficients NRADM, PADM, and ANGLADM are used only adaptive meshing and IADM
= 2.
12. If GAPMAX is equal to zero, there is no maximum value for the gap.
13. INACTI = 3, is only recommended for small initial penetrations and should be used with
caution because:
interfaces.
INACTI = 5 is recommended for airbag simulation deployment.
INACTI = 6 is recommended instead of INACTI = 5, in order to avoid high frequency effects
into the interfaces.

Altair Engineering
If FPENMAX is not equal to zero, nodes stiffness is deactivated if penetration >

FPENMAX*GAP, regardless of the value of INACTI.
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function ( =
(p, V)), where p is the
the slave node.
= C1 * e(C 2V) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V) * p + C5 * e(C 6V)
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3) and C2 < C3).
Altair Engineering

15.
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T-1
where,
IFILT = SIMP = FFAC
IFILT = CUTF = 2
16. IFORM selects two types of contact friction penalty formulation.

The viscous (total) formulation (IFORM = VISC) computes an adhesive force as:
F adh
F T = min (F N, F adh)
The stiffness (incremental) formulation (IFORM = STIFF) computes an adhesive force as:
F T = K * VT * dt
F Tnew = min (F N, F adh)
17. Exchange between shell and constant temperature contact TINT.
18. RTHE is the inverse of thermal resistance (units: [W/(m2K)]).
19. Slave segment contact is deactivated when the segment kinematic time step calculated
for this contact is lower than DTMIN.
20. With IREMGAP = 2, this allows the element size < gap values:

Altair Engineering
In case of self-impact contact, when curvilinear distance (from a node of the master
segment to a slave node) is < gap*sqrt(2) (in initial configuration), then this slave node
will not be taken into account by this master segment, and it will not be deleted from the
contact for the other master segments.
21. When SENSID is defined for activation/deactivation of the interface, TSTART and TSTOP
are not taken into account.
22. If FRAD is not equal to zero, and d, the distance from the slave node to the master
segment, is in the range: Gap < d < DRAD, then radiation is calculated. The radiant heat
transfer conductance is calculated as:
Where,
2
is the Stefan Boltzman constant,
is the emissivity of the slave surface, and
is the emissivity of the master surface.
23. If FRAD is not equals to zero, then the default value of DRAD is calculated as the
maximum of:
upper value of the gap (at time 0) among all nodes;
smallest side length of slave element.
24. A very high value of DRAD is not recommended as it may reduce the performance of the
solver
25. Frictional energy is converted into heat when heat transfer is activated (ITHE > 0) on the
interface. Options FHEATS and FHEATM are used to control this option.
When FHEATS and FHEATM = 0, the conversion of the frictional sliding energy to heat is
not activated. Non-zero values of FHEATS and FHEATM define the fraction of this energy
which is converted into heat and transferred to the slave and master respectively.
The frictional heat QFric is defined as follows:
Altair Engineering

If IFORM = 2 (a stiffness formulation):
Slave:
Master:
(ITHEF=1)
If IFORM = 1 (a penalty formulation):

Slave:
Master:
(ITHEF=1)
26. This card is represented as an extension to a PCONT property in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PCNTX11
Bulk Data Entry
PCNTX11 Extended Contact (CONTX11) Property type 11 for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
PC NTX11
PID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
ISTF
(7)
(9)
IGAP
(10)
IDEL
STMIN
STMAX
MESHSIZE
DTMIN
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
TSTART
TEND
STF1
INAC TI
VISS
VISF
IBC
(8)
BMULT
Example
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC NTX11
34
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PID
(9)
(10)

ISTF

0 - STFAC is a stiffness scale factor and the stiffness is computed
according to the master side characteristics.
2, 3, 4 and 5 - STFAC is a stiffness scale factor and the interface
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
stiffness is computed from both master and slave characteristics.
IGAP

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST, VAR, VAR3)
CONST - Gap is a constant and equal to GAP (See comment 7).
VAR - Gap is a variable (in space, not in time) according to the
characteristics of the impacted master line and the impacting slave
nodes (See comment 8).
VAR3 - Gap is a variable according to the characteristics of the impacted
master line and impacting slave node + gap is taken into account the
size of the elements.
IDEL

0 - No deletion.
1 - When all the elements (shells and solids) associated to one segment
are deleted, the segment is removed from the master side of the
interface. Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the
slave side of the interface.
STMIN

STMAX

MESHSIZE
Percentage of mesh size (Used only when IGAP = VAR3).

Default = 0.4 (Real, 0.0 < MESHSIZE < 1.0)
DTMIN
Limiting nodal time step (see comment 10)

STFAC

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
FRIC
Coulomb friction.
GAP

TSTART
Start time.
TEND

STIF1
Interface stiffness (Only with ISTF = 1).

IBC

slave grid set.
INACTI

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, or 6)
0
1
2
3
5
No action.
Deactivation of stiffness on nodes.
Deactivation of stiffness on elements.
Change slave node coordinates to avoid small initial penetrations.
GAP is a variable with time and initial gap is adjusted as follows:
gap0 = gap - P0

follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 0.05*(gap - P0)
VISS

VISF

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Field
Contents
BMULT
Sorting factor. Can be used to speed up the sorting algorithm and is

machine-dependent.
Comments
1. The property identification number must be that of an existing PCONT bulk data entry.
2. PCNTX11 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3. If FRIC is not explicitly defined on the PCONTX/PCNTX# entries, the MU1 value on the
PCONT.
4. PCNTX11 defines the properties of contact interface type CONTX11, it describes the edge
to edge or line to line interface. This interface simulates impact between lines, a line can
be a beam or truss element or a shell edge or spring elements. The interface properties
are:
impacts occur between a master and a slave line;
a slave line can impact on one or more master lines;
a line can belong to the master and the slave side. This allows self impact;
this interface can be used in addition to the interface type 7 PCNTX7 to solve the
edge to edge limitation of interface type 7.
5.
The interface stiffness is then, K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with:
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)

Altair Engineering
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)

6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is equal to GAP.
7. If IGAP = VAR, the variable gap is computed as: gm + gs
with:
gm = L/10, L - length of the smallest side of a solid element.
element.
gm = 0 for spring elements.
gs - slave element gap is computed as the same way.
The variable gap is always at least equal to GAP.
caution because:
it may create other initial penetrations, if several surface layers are defined in the
interfaces.
it may create initial energy, if the node belongs to a spring element.
INACTI = 5 is recommended for airbag simulation deployment.
INACTI = 6 is recommended instead of INACTI = 5, in order to avoid high frequency effects
into the interfaces.
9. The sorting factor BUMULT is used to speed up the sorting algorithm, it is machine
dependent.
Altair Engineering

10. Slave segment is deactivated from the contact when the segment kinematic time step
calculated for this contact becomes smaller than DTMIN.

Altair Engineering
PCNTX20
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PC NTX20
PID
ISYM
IEDGE
GRNDID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
EDGEAngle
IGAP
IBAG
IDEL
FPENMAX
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
IBC
TSATAT
TEND
INAC TI
VISS
VISF
C4
C5
IFRIC
IFILT
FFAC
IFORM
FRIC DAT
C1
C2
C3
C6
Example
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC NTX20
34
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PID
(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
ISYM

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = SYM or UNSYM)
IEDGE

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, ALL, BORD, FEAT)
All All segment edges are included.
GRNDID
Optional nodes group identifier (Integer).
EdgeAngle
Edges angle (used only if IEDGE = FEAT)

Default = 91 (Real).
If angle between two edges is smaller than EdgeAngle, the edge is
considered.
IGAP

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST or VAR)
IBAG

Default = 0 (Integer).
0 - No closure.
1 - Closure.
IDEL

0 - No deletion.
1 - When all the elements (shells and solids) associated to one segment
are deleted, the segment is removed from the master side of the

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
interface. Additionally, non-connected nodes are removed from the
slave side of the interface.
FPENMAX
Maximum initial penetration factor (0 < FPENMAX < 1) (See comment 8).
STFAC

FRIC
Coulomb friction.
GAP

TSTART
Start time.
TEND

IBC

slave grid set.
INACTI

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, or 5)
0 - No action.
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 0.05 * (gap - P0)
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Field
Contents
VISS

VISF

IFRIC

IFILT

FFAC

IFORM

FRICDAT
C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
1.

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2.
PCNTX20 is only applied in geometric nonlinear explicit dynamic analysis subcase which is
defined by ANALYSIS = EXPDYN, but not supported in NLGEOM or IMPDYN subcases. It is
ignored for all other subcases.
3.
PCONT.
4.
initial gap.
5.
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6. The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of:
7. The variable gap (IGAP = VAR) is computed as: gs + gm
with:
Altair Engineering


or spring elements.
element.
8. Maximum penetration value is set as a fraction of the actual gap (including variable gap):
Penmax = FPENMAX * gap
If the initial penetration of a slave node is greater than the calculated maximum value
(Penmax), the node will be deactivated from the interface (node stiffness deactivation).
caution because:
interfaces.

For IFRIC > 0, the friction coefficient is set by a function (
p, V

Altair Engineering
where, p is the pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the
tangential velocity of the slave node.
= C1 * e(C 2V ) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V ) * p + C5 * e(C 6V )
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

11. IFILT defines the method for computing the friction filtering coefficient. If IFILT
NO,
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T-1
Altair Engineering

where,
IFILT = SIMP = FFAC
IFILT = PER = 2
IFILT = CUTF = 2

F adh
F T = K * VT * dt

Altair Engineering
PCNTX24
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Format
(1)
(2)
PC NTX24
PID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GAPMAXs
GAPMAXm
(9)
(10)
ISTF
STMIN
STMAX
STFAC
FRIC
IGAP0
IBC
IFRIC
IFILT
FFAC
FRIC DAT
C1
C2
IPEN0
IPENMAX
TSTART
TEND
INAC TI
VISS
IPENMIN
SENSID
C3
C4
C5
C6
Example
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC NTX24
34
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(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number of the corresponding PCONT entry.

ISTF

characteristics.
GAPMAXs
Slave maximum gaps.

No default (Real)
GAPMAXm
Master maximum gaps.

No default (Real)
STMIN

STMAX

IGAP0
Gap modification flag for slave shell nodes on the free edges.
(Integer)
0 - No change
1 - Set gap to zero for the slave shell nodes
IPEN0
Initial penetration detection flag (See comment 14)

(Integer)
0 - default method (excluding auto-impact in each part)
1 - method 1 (including auto-impact in each part)
IPENMAX
Maximum initial penetration: Penetration higher than this value will not be
taken into account.
(Real)
IPENMIN
Minimum initial penetration: Penetration higher than this value will be

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
taken into account.
(Real)
STFAC

FRIC
Coulomb friction.
TSTART
Start time
TEND

IBC

slave grid set.
INACTI

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Integer = 0, 1, -1, 5)
0 - only tiny initial penetrations (1.0e-08) will be taken into account.
1 - all initial penetrations will be ignored.
-1 - all initial penetrations will be taken into account.
5 - GAP is variable with time and initial gap is adjusted as follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 , where P0 is the initial penetration
VISS

IFRIC

IFILT
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Field
Contents
FFAC

Default as defined by CONTPRM
SENSID
Sensor identifier to Activate/Deactivate the interface (See comment 12)

If a sensor identifier is defined, the activation/deactivation of interface is
based on the sensor and not on Tstart or Tstop.
FRICDAT
C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
1.
2.
PCNTX24 is only supported for geometric nonlinear explicit dynamic analysis subcase
defined by ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN. It is ignored for all other subcases.
3.
PCONT.
4.
initial gap.

Altair Engineering
5.
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6.
The gap is computed automatically (similar with IGAP = VAR on PCNTX7) for each impact
as gs + gm;
with:
gm - master element gap, with:
or spring elements.
element.
gm and gs are limited separately by GAPMAXm and GAPMAXs before the gap
computation.
7.
The coefficients C1 - C6 are used to define a variable friction coefficient
8.
INACTI = 0 ignores the initial penetrations, but the contacts are not deleted, new
contact will be well detected once the penetrations are disappeared. INACTI = 5 is similar
to the one of interface type 7, but once the initial penetration is gone, the new contact
will be detected using not-adjusted gap (P0 is reset to zero).
9.

Altair Engineering

p, V
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function (
where, p is the pressure of the normal force on the master segment and V is the
tangential velocity of the slave node.
IFRIC = GEN - Generalized viscous friction law
FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
IFRIC = DARM - Darmstad law
= C1 * e(C 2V) * p2 + C3 * e(C 4V) * p + C5 * e(C 6V)
IFRIC = REN - Renard law
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

10. IFILT defines the method for computing the friction filtering coefficient. If IFILT

NO,
Altair Engineering
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T-1
where,
IFILT = SIMP = FFAC
IFILT = PER = 2
IFILT = CUTF = 2

F adh
F T = K * VT * dt
12. When SENSID is defined for activation/deactivation of the interface, TSTART and TSTOP
are not taken into account.
13. When the contact type is the symmetric surface to surface, the output normal contact
forces in TH file are correctly calculated if the two surfaces are well separated.
14. IPEN0 = 0 excludes the initial auto-impacts in the same part (shell and solid elements
only). IPEN0 = 1 takes into account the initial auto-impacts in the same part, but in some
complex situations, wrong initial penetrations might be given.
15. For implicit test: Interface type24 is now only available with SMP. The default of ISTF will
be set to 4. The default INACTI will be set to -1 .
Altair Engineering

PCOMP
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMP Composite Laminate Property
Description
Defines the structure and properties of an n-ply composite laminate material.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PC OMP
PID
Z0
NSM
SB
FT
TREF
GE
LAM
MID1
T1
THETA1
SOUT1
MID2
T2
THETA2
SOUT2
MID3
T3
THETA3
SOUT3
etc.
DS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PC OMP
100
-0.5
120
0.2
120
0.2
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1.E5
STRN
100.
0.0
YES
120
0.6
0.0
YES
(8)
(9)
0.0
NO
(10)
1.0
Field
Contents
PID
Unique composite property identification number.


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Z0
Real number or character input (Top/Bottom)

Real Number - It represents the distance from the shell element reference
plane to the bottom surface of the shell (Default = -0.5 * Thick, Thick
being the composite total thickness (Real or blank)).
Character Input - See comment 17
NSM
Nonstructural mass per unit area.

No default (Real)
SB
Allowable inter-laminar shear stress (shear stress in the bonding material).

Disregarded if blank or 0.0.
FT
Failure theory code. If blank, no failure calculations are performed. The

following failure theory codes are supported:
HILL for Hill theory,
HOFF for Hoffman theory,
TSAI for Tsai-Wu theory,
STRN for Maximum Strain Theory.
See comments 13 through 15.
Default = no failure calculations are performed (HILL, HOFF, TSAI, or
STRN)
TREF
Reference (stress free) temperature. See comment 1.

GE
Damping coefficient. See comments 10 and 11.

LAM
Laminate option. If blank, all plies must be specified and all stiffness
terms are developed. The following options are supported:
SYM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to be
specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to the top
half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from bottom to top.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
MEM: All plies must be specified, but only membrane terms MID1 are
developed. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
BEND: All plies must be specified, but only bending terms MID2 are
SMEAR: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored, and
MID1 is set equal to MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3,
MID4, TS/T, and 12I/T**3 are set to zero. Prescribed Z0 is ignored
(assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SMEARZ0: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored. While
the laminate is still considered to be made of homogenized (smeared)
material, the effect of offset Z0 is taken into account. Hence, if Z0 is not
equal to -0.5*Thick, the equivalent PSHELL will include MID1, MID2 and
MID4. MID3 is still set to zero, that is no transverse shear deformation is
considered.
SMCORE: All plies must be specified. The last ply specifies core properties
and the previous plies specify face sheet properties. The face sheet
properties are calculated without regard for stacking sequence; half of the
total face sheet thickness is then placed on top of the core, and half is
placed on the bottom, to produce a symmetric laminate. Stiffness of the
core is ignored while its density is included in inertia calculations.
Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYMEM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to the
top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from bottom to
top. Only membrane terms are developed for the full laminate. Prescribed
Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYBEND: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
top. Only bending terms are developed for the full laminate. Prescribed
Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYSMEAR: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
top. Stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is set equal to MID2 on the
derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4, TS/T and 12I/T**3 are set
to zero. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
Default = blank, that is all plies must be specified (SYM, MEM, BEND,
SMEAR, SMCORE, SYMEM, SYBEND or SYSMEAR)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
MIDi
Material IDs of individual plies. The plies are identified by consecutively

numbering them from 1 at the bottom layer. The MIDs must refer to
MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, or MAT8 bulk data entries. If MIDi is not
specified, default is the last defined MIDi.
Default = last defined MIDi (Integer>0 or blank, except that MID1 must be
specified)
Ti
Thicknesses of individual plies. If Ti is not specified, default is the last

defined Ti.
Default = last defined Ti (Real > 0.0 or blank, except that T1 must be
specified)
THETAi
Orientation angle, in degrees, of the longitudinal direction of each ply

relative to the x-axis of the material coordinate system associated with a
given element. If no material coordinate system is prescribed for the
element, the angle is measured relative to side 1-2 of this element.
SOUTi
Stress, Strain and Failure Index output request for individual plies. See
comments 2 and 3.
DS
Design switch. If non-zero (1.0), the elements associated with this

PCOMP data are included in the topology design volume or space.
Default = blank (Real = 1.0 or blank)
Comments
1.
TREF specified on the PCOMP entry overrides reference temperatures given for individual
ply materials. If TREF is not specified (blank) on the PCOMP card, then all the ply
materials must have the same reference temperature.
2.
Stress, Strain and Failure Index output for individual plies is activated by setting SOUTi to
YES for a given ply. In addition, the I/O Options CSTRESS (controlling Stress and Failure
Index output) and/or CSTRAIN (controlling Strain output) must be defined. Failure Index
output also requires that the FT and SB fields be defined and that stress/strain allowables
on the referenced materials are defined.
3.
An additional piece of information available with ply results is "failure index for the
element," which is the maximum of failure indices for individual plies in this element. Note
that only the plies with SOUTi set to YES are considered in the evaluation of this
maximum.
Altair Engineering

4.
If all plies specify zero transverse shear coefficients (G1Z, G2Z on MAT8 card, isotropic G
for MAT1, not available for MAT2), the in-plane shear modulus will be used to determine
transverse shear stiffness of the composite.
Note: If just one layer has a nonzero value specified for
transverse shear modulus, this substitution is not
being performed, and user-specified values are being
used for all plies.
5.
The signs given to stress limits for compression and tension (ST, SC, for MAT1; Xt, Xc,
and so on for MAT8) are of no relevance. Absolute values are taken and used in the
appropriate context to calculate failure indices.
6.
For com
bottom and top surfaces of the shell are produced.
Note: These shell stresses are calculated using
homogenized shell properties, and should be
7.
This is because the membrane-bending coupling resulting from composite offset is not
included in the differential stiffness matrix. Hence, the preferred method of incorporating
offset in buckling analysis is the element offset ZOFFS.
8.
Element GRID thicknesses cannot be defined for elements that reference PCOMP data.
9.
Plies are listed from the bottom surface upwards, in respect to the elements normal
direction. In the image below, (a) shows the stacking sequence for a non-symmetrical
laminate, and (b) shows the stacking sequence for a symmetrical laminate.
10. GE given on the PCOMP entry will be used for the element, and the values supplied on
material entries for individual plies are ignored. You are responsible for supplying the
equivalent damping value on the PCOMP entry.
11. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio C/C0 by 2.0.
12. For convenience, element output for the SMEAR and SMCORE options includes both
homogenized shell stresses and individual ply stresses. However, because stacking
sequence is ignored in these options, individual ply stresses will only be valid in cases of

Altair Engineering
pure membrane deformation.

13. Note that Hills failure theory does not differentiate between compressive and tensile
strength. Hence, while different values of respective strength limits are accepted, it is
still recommended that Xt is set to be equal to Xc and Yt is set to be equal to Yc when
this criteria is used. Xt and Xc are allowable tensile and compressive stresses in the
principle x direction of the material. Yt and Yc are allowable tensile and compressive
stresses in the principle y direction of the material.
14.
Failure index calculation according to Maximum Strain Theory is based on mechanical

component of strain only, not on total strain. This is because only the mechanical strain
contributes to actual damage of the respective ply (pure thermal expansion produces no
damaging effects).
15. According to the formula, some failure criteria (for example, Tsai-Wu and Hoffman) would
produce a negative ply failure, depending on the problem.
16. If PARAM, SRCOMPS, YES is added to the input file, strength ratios with respect to
designated failure theory are output for composite elements that have failure indices
requested.
17. The following two formats are permissible for the Z0 field:
Real Number:
It represents the distance from the shell element reference plane to the bottom surface
of the shell (Default = -0.5 * Thick, Thick being the composite total thickness (Real or
blank)).
Surface:
Top:
The shell reference plane, the plane defined by the grid points, and the top surface of the
shell are coplanar.
This makes the effective "Real" Z0 value equal to the composite total thickness (-1.0 *
Thick). See Figure 1.
Figure 1: Top option for Z0
Bottom:
The shell reference plane, the plane defined by the grid points, and the bottom surface of
the shell are coplanar.
Altair Engineering

This makes the effective "Real" Z0 value equal to 0. See Figure 2.
Figure 2: Bottom option for Z0

Altair Engineering
PCOMPG
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMPG Composite Laminate Property
Description
Defines the structure and properties of a composite laminate material, allowing for global ply
identification.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PC OMPG
PID
Z0
NSM
SB
FT
TREF
GE
LAM
GPLYID1
MID1
T1
THETA1
SOUT1
GPLYID2
MID2
T2
THETA2
SOUT2
DS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PC OMP
100
-0.5
101
120
103
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
1.E5
STRN
100.
0.2
0.0
YES
120
0.6
0.0
NO
120
0.2
0.0
YES
(8)
(9)
(10)
1.0
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
PID

Z0

Real Number - It represents the distance from the shell element
reference plane to the bottom surface of the shell (Default = -0.5 *
Thick, Thick being the composite total thickness (real or blank)).
Character Input - See comment 18.
NSM

No default (Real)
SB
Allowable interlaminar shear stress (shear stress in the bonding

material). Disregarded if blank or 0.0.
FT
Failure theory code. If blank, no failure calculations are performed.

The following failure theory codes are supported:
See comments 14 through 16.
Default = no failure calculations are performed (HILL, HOFF, TSAI, or
STRN)
TREF

GE


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
LAM
Laminate option. If blank, all plies must be specified and all stiffness
terms are developed. The following options are supported:
MEM: All plies must be specified, but only membrane terms MID1 are
BEND: All plies must be specified, but only bending terms MID2 are
SMEAR: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored, and
MID1 is set equal to MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while
MID3, MID4, TS/T, and 12I/T**3 are set to zero. Prescribed Z0 is
ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SMEARZ0: All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored.
While the laminate is still considered to be made of homogenized
(smeared) material, the effect of offset Z0 is taken into account.
Hence, if Z0 is not equal to -0.5*Thick, the equivalent PSHELL will
include MID1, MID2 and MID4. MID3 is still set to zero, that is no
transverse shear deformation is considered.
SMCORE: All plies must be specified. The last ply specifies core
properties and the previous plies specify face sheet properties. The
face sheet properties are calculated without regard for stacking
sequence; half of the total face sheet thickness is then placed on top
of the core, and half is placed on the bottom, to produce a symmetric
laminate. Stiffness of the core is ignored while its density is included in
inertia calculations. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5*
Thick).
SYMEM: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs to
be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to
the top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from
bottom to top. Only membrane terms are developed for the full
laminate. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYBEND: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs
to be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected
to the top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from
bottom to top. Only bending terms are developed for the full laminate.
Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: -0.5* Thick).
SYSMEAR: Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up needs
to be specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected
to the top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from
bottom to top. Stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is set equal to
MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4, TS/T and
12I/T**3 are set to zero. Prescribed Z0 is ignored (assumed to be: 0.5* Thick).
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Default = blank, that is all plies must be specified (SYM, MEM, BEND,
SMEAR, SMCORE, SYMEM, SYBEND or SYSMEAR)
GPLYID#
Global Ply identification number, See comment 12.

MID#
Material IDs of individual plies. The plies are identified by consecutively

numbering them from 1 at the bottom layer. The MIDs must refer to
MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, or MAT8 bulk data entries. If MID# is not
specified, default is the last defined MID#.
Default = last defined MID# (Integer > 0 or blank, except that MID1
must be specified)
T#
Thicknesses of individual plies. If T# is not specified, default is the last

defined T#.
Default = last defined T# (Real > 0.0 or blank, except that T1 must be
specified)
THETA#
Orientation angle, in degrees, of the longitudinal direction of each ply

relative to the x-axis of the material coordinate system associated with
a given element. If no material coordinate system is prescribed for the
element, the angle is measured relative to side 1-2 of this element.
SOUT#
Stress and failure index output request for individual plies. See
comments 2 and 3.
DS
Design switch. If non-zero (1.0), the elements associated with this

PCOMP data are included in the topology design volume or space.
Default = blank (Real = 1.0 or blank)
Comments
1.
TREF specified on the PCOMPG entry overrides reference temperatures given for individual
ply materials. If TREF is not specified (blank) on the PCOMPG card, then all the ply
2.
For SOUTi to take effect, CSTRESS must be requested in the I/O options section of the
input deck. Individual ply results will be available in addition to shell stresses and strains

Altair Engineering
based on the homogenized composite properties.

3.
element", which is the maximum of failure indices for individual plies in this element. Note
that only the plies with SOUTi set to YES are considered in the evaluation of this
maximum.
4.
If all plies specify zero transverse shear coefficients (G1Z, G2Z on MAT8 card, isotropic G
for MAT1, not available for MAT2), the in-plane shear modulus will be used to determine
transverse shear stiffness of the composite.
Note: If just one layer has a nonzero value specified for
transverse shear modulus, this substitution is not
being performed, and user-specified values are being
used for all plies.
5.
The signs given to stress limits for compression and tension (ST, SC, for MAT1; Xt, Xc,
and so on for MAT8) are of no relevance. Absolute values are taken and used in the
appropriate context to calculate failure indices.
6.
7.
This is because the membrane-bending coupling resulting from composite offset is not
included in the differential stiffness matrix. Hence, the preferred method of incorporating
offset in buckling analysis is the element offset ZOFFS.
8.
Element GRID thicknesses cannot be defined for elements that reference PCOMPG data.
9.
Plies are listed from the bottom surface upwards, in respect to the elements normal
direction. The image below shows the stacking sequence for a non-symmetrical
laminate.
10. GE given on the PCOMP entry will be used for the element, and the values supplied on
equivalent damping value on the PCOMPG entry.
Altair Engineering

11. To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio C/C0 by 2.0.
12. The global ply identification number must be unique with respect to other plies in the
entry.
13. For convenience, element output for the SMEAR and SMCORE options includes both
14. Note that Hills failure theory does not differentiate between compressive and tensile
15. Failure index calculation according to Maximum Strain Theory is based on mechanical
damaging effects).
requested.
Real Number:
blank)).
Surface:
Top:
shell are coplanar.

Altair Engineering
Bottom:
Altair Engineering

PCOMPP
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMPP Composite Laminate Property for Ply-Based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the properties of a composite laminate material used in ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PC OMPP
PID
Z0
NSM
SB
FT
TREF
GE
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PC OMPP
-0.1
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
HILL
20
Field
Contents
PID
(8)
(9)
(10)

Z0

Real Number - It represents the distance from the shell element
reference plane to the bottom surface of the shell (Default = -0.5 *
Thick, Thick being the composite total thickness (Real or blank)).
Character Input - See comment 12.
NSM

No default (Real)
SB
Allowable interlaminar shear stress (shear stress in the bonding

material). Disregarded if blank or 0.0.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
FT
Failure theory code. If blank, no failure calculations are performed.

The following failure theory codes are supported:
See comment 10.
Default = no failure calculations are performed (HILL, HOFF, TSAI or
STRN).
TREF

GE

Comments
1.
The PCOMPP card is used in combination with the STACK and PLY cards to create
composite properties through the ply-based definition.
2.
TREF specified on the PCOMPP entry overrides reference temperatures given for individual
ply materials. If TREF is not specified (blank) on the PCOMPP card, then all the ply
3.
4.
correct. This is because the membrane-bending coupling resulting from composite offset
is not included in the differential stiffness matrix. Hence, the preferred method of
incorporating offset in buckling analysis is the element offset ZOFFS.
5.
Element GRID thicknesses cannot be defined for elements that reference PCOMPP data.
6.
GE given on the PCOMPP entry will be used for the element, and the values supplied on
equivalent damping value on the PCOMPP entry.
Altair Engineering

7.
8.
Note that Hills failure theory does not differentiate between compressive and tensile
9.
Failure index calculation according to Maximum Strain Theory is based on mechanical

damaging effects).
requested.
Real Number:
blank)).
Surface:
Top:
shell are coplanar.
Bottom:

Altair Engineering

Altair Engineering

PCOMPX
Bulk Data Entry
PCOMPX Optional Composite Laminate Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional composite laminate properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PC OMPX
PID
ISHELL
ISH3N
ISMSTR
DM
DN
ITHIC K
IPLAS
(7)
(8)
(9)
HM
HF
HR
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
PC OMP
73
PC OMPX
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
120
0.2
0.0
YES
120
0.6
45.0
YES
73
24
Field
Contents
PID
Property ID of the associated PSHELL. See comment 1.
(10)

ISHELL
Flag for CQUAD4 element formulation.

1 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass modes orthogonal to deformation and rigid
modes (Belytschko)
2 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass without orthogonality (Hallquist)
3 - Q4, elastic-plastic hourglass with orthogonality

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
4 - Q4 with improved type 1 formulation (orthogonalization for warped
elements)
12 - QBAT or DKT18 shell formulation
24 - QEPH shell formulation
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (Integer)
ISH3N
Flag for CTRIA3 element formulation.

1 - Standard triangle (C0)
2 - Standard triangle (C0) with modification for large rotation
30 - DKT18
31 - DKT_S3
ISMSTR
Flag for shell small strain formulation.

1 - Small strain from time = 0
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with optional small strain formulation
activation by time step XSTEP, TYPEi = SHELL, TSCi = CST
3 - Alternative small strain formulation from time = 0 (ISHELL =2 only).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity (Time step limit has no effect)
HM
Shell membrane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).

Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HM < 0.05)
Except ISHELL = 3: Default = 0.1 (Real)
HF
Shell out of plane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).

Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HF < 0.05)
HR
Shell rotation hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).

Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HR < 0.05)
DM
Shell membrane damping (with MATX27, MATX36 only).

Default: See comment 7 (Real)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
DN
Shell numerical damping (ISHELL = 12, 24; ISH3N = 30 only).

ITHICK
Flag for shell resultant stresses calculation.

CONST - Thickness is constant
VAR - Thickness change is taken into account
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (CONST or VAR)
IPLAS
Flag for shell plane stress plasticity (with MATX27 only).

RAD - Radial return
NEWT - Iterative projection with 3 Newton iterations
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (RAD or NEWT)
Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PCOMP, PCOMPG, or

PCOMPP bulk data entry. Only one PCOMPX property extension can be associated with a
particular PCOMP, PCOMPG, or PCOMPP.
2.
PCOMPX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
Q4: Original 4 node OptiStruct shell with hourglass perturbation stabilization.

QEPH: Formulation with physical hourglass stabilization for general use.
QBAT: Modified BATOZ Q4 24 shell with 4 Gauss integration points and reduced
integration for in-plane shear. No hourglass control is needed for this shell.
DKT18: BATOZ DKT18 thin shell with 3 Hammer integration points.
4.
If the small strain option (ISMSTR) is set to 1 or 3, engineering strain and stress are
used; otherwise they are true strain and stress.
5.
For ITHICK = VAR it is recommended to use IPLAS = NEWT.
6.
If ITHICK = VAR or IPLAS = NEWT, the small strain option is automatically deactivated.
7.
Defaults for DM:

Material
Element type
ISHELL/ISH3N
Default
MATX27
except QEPH, QBAT
except 12, 24
5%
QEPH
24
1.5%
QBAT
12
0%

Altair Engineering
8.
9.
Material
Element type
ISHELL/ISH3N
Default
MATX36
except QEPH
except 24
0%
QEPH
24
1.5%
Defaults for DN:

Element
type
ISHELL/
ISH3N
Default
Usage
QBAT
12
0.1%
All stress terms, except

transverse shear
QEPH
24
1.5%
Hourglass stress
DKT18
12/30
0.01%
Membrane stress only
This card is represented as extension to a PCOMP, PCOMPG, and PCOMPP property in

HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PCONT
Bulk Data Entry
PCONT Contact Property
Description
Defines properties of CONTACT interface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PC ONT
PID
GPAD
STIFF
MU1
MU2
C LEARANC E
(9)
(10)
FRIC ESL
Examples
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.3
0.25
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Enforced stick condition:

PC ONT
34
STIC K
Field
Contents
PID

GPAD
Padding of the interface to account for additional layers, such as shell

thickness. This value is subtracted from the contact gap opening as
calculated from the location of nodes. See comment 1.
Default = THICK (Real, NONE or THICK)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
STIFF
Relative stiffness of contact interface. See comment 2.

Default = AUTO (AUTO, SOFT, HARD or Real > 0.0)
MU1
Coefficient of static friction ( s). See comments 3 and 4.

MU2
Coefficient of kinetic friction ( k). (Ignored in linear analysis).

CLEARANCE
Prescribed initial gap opening between master and slave, irrespective of

the actual distance between the nodes. See comment 11.
Default = not prescribed. (Real or blank).
FRICESL

transverse force increases linearly with slip distance. Specified in
physical distance units (similar to U0 and GPAD). See Comment 7.
Non-zero value or blank activates respective friction model based

on Elastic Slip Distance.
Zero value activates friction model based on fixed transverse

stiffness KT.
Default = AUTO (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)

Comments
1.
The initial contact gap opening is calculated automatically based on the relative location
of slave and master nodes (in the original, undeformed mesh). To account for additional
material layers covering master and slave objects, the GPAD entry can be used. GPAD
option THICK automatically accounts for shell thickness on both sides of the contact
interface (this also includes the effects of shell element offset ZOFFS or composite offset
Z0).
2.
Option STIFF=AUTO determines the value of normal stiffness for each contact element
using the stiffness of surrounding elements. Additional options SOFT and HARD create
respectively softer or harder penalties. SOFT can be used in cases of convergence
difficulties and HARD can be used if undesirable penetration is detected in the solution.
3.
Prescribing MU1=STICK is interpreted in OptiStruct as an enforced stick condition such

applies to contacts that are closed. Note that, in order to effectively enforce the stick
condition, frictional offset may need to be turned off (See comment 8).
4.
Prescribing MU1=FREEZE enforces zero relative motion on the contact surface the
contact gap opening remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is zero.
Also, rotations at the slave node are matched to the rotations of the master patch. The
Altair Engineering

FREEZE condition applies to all respective contact elements, no matter whether open or
closed (hence, GPAD is of no relevance in this case). Also, this condition is effective
irrespective of the frictional offset setting.
PCONT.
5.
The CONTACT element force-displacement behavior is different in linear and nonlinear

analysis (see Nonlinear Gap and CONTACT Analysis for more information on nonlinear
solutions). In linear analysis, the contact stiffness is constant and depends on the initial
contact gap opening U0 as calculated from the positions of Slave and Master (and
considering padding GPAD). Note that for open contact elements, a very small stiffness
value of KB =10-14 *STIFF is used to avoid numerical singularities.
C ONTAC T element force deflection curve for linear analysis
The CONTACT force displacement behavior in nonlinear analysis is illustrated in the figure
below. While the contact is open, its normal stiffness is essentially zero (a small value of
KB =10-14 *STIFF is used to avoid singularities). When the contact element closes, the
stiffness becomes STIFF.

Altair Engineering
C ONTAC T element force deflection curve for nonlinear analysis
6.
When contact is open, there is no transverse stiffness. When the contact is closed,
friction is activated and the contact has stiffness KT=mu1*STIFF in the transverse
direction (KT=0.1*STIFF in case of STICK). This acts as a linear spring in linear solution
sequences. For nonlinear solution sequences, frictional force increases with sliding
distance in proportion to KT until it reaches static friction force MU1 * Fx, Fx being the
normal force in the contact element. With further transverse deformation, friction
becomes kinetic and the friction force is MU2 * Fx. See the figure below for a onedimensional illustration.
C ONTAC T element frictional behavior in nonlinear analysis
Note that the nonlinear contact element's force-displacement behavior may produce
negative contributions to the compliance of the structure. As an example, when slave
and master bodies have initial overlap and the contact releases elastic energy during the
solution.
7.
Effective in Release 12.0, two models of friction are available in nonlinear analysis:
(a) Model based on fixed slope KT (previously existing),
Altair Engineering

(b) Model based on Elastic Slip Distance FRICESL (introduced in v12.0 and current
default).
This latter model typically shows better performance in solution of frictional problems
C omparison of the two available friction models for contact elements.
Model (a), based on fixed stiffness KT, is relatively simple, yet has certain drawback in
modeling nonlinear friction. Namely, in Coulomb friction the frictional resistance depends
upon normal force. Using fixed KT will predict different range of stick/slip boundary for
different normal forces, and thus may qualify the same configuration as stick or slip,
depending on normal force.
require prescribing elastic slip distance FRICESL for contact interfaces this value is
determined automatically as 0.5% of typical element size on all Master contact
surfaces.
The model (b), which is currently the default, is recommended for solution of nonlinear
problems with friction. For backwards compatibility, the model based on fixed KT can be
activated by prescribing FRICESL=0 on PCONT or CONTPRM card.
8.
The model of friction in OptiStruct is relatively simple. The frictional force is always
directed back to the point where the slave and master first came into contact (changed
status from open to closed). Its location is estimated using proportional interpolation
between the current position and the last converged solution before penetration.
OptiStruct CONTACT should not be used for modeling frictional problems with complex
deformation paths and changing sliding directions.
9.
The presence of friction can introduce moment loadings and counter-intuitive results into
the problem by way of frictional offset. The reason for this is that, for contact elements
with non-zero length (distance between slave node and master segment), the actual
location of the contact interface is presumed to be in the middle of the contact elements
length (see figure below).

Altair Engineering
C ONTAC T presumed contact surface
The frictional forces act along this contact surface. Transferring these forces to the
slave and master objects requires an offset operation that produces both forces and
moments at slave and master. Similarly, the sliding distance at the contact interface is a
result of nodal displacements and rotations of the slave node and master segment (see
figure below).
C ONTAC T sliding with friction
Master segments, which consist of several nodes, can effectively resist these offset
forces and moments. However, for slave bodies that do not support moments (nodes of
solid elements, for example), this offset may render friction ineffective because the free
rotations at slave nodes offer no effective resistance to friction. With the stick condition
formally satisfied, for example, slave and master can move relative to each other (see
figure below).
Altair Engineering

C ONTAC T stick (zero sliding distance)
In practice, for contact interfaces that are initially open, AUTOSPC will effectively fix
respective unsupported rotations. However, for contacts that are initially closed (for
example, pre-penetrating contact with MORIENT=NORMAL) the frictional terms will
prevent AUTOSPC from being effective. Hence, respective SPC on rotations need to be
applied manually to respective slave nodes.
Effective in the Release 12.0, to avoid such counter-intuitive behavior, the frictional
offset operation is by default turned off if the model involves friction or stick and contains
at least one nonlinear subcase (of NLSTAT type). (Note that for consistency, this affects
both linear and nonlinear contact elements.) This produces more intuitive results with
friction. However, it may violate the rigid body balance of the body.
Note: FREEZE condition is enforced using a special
formulation where the above caveat does not apply
and the offset operation is always applied.
The above default setting can be changed via the GAPOFFS command on the GAPPRM
card.
10. The presence of friction, due to its strongly nonlinear, non-conservative nature, may
cause difficulties in nonlinear convergence, especially when sliding is present. If frictional
resistance is essential to the solution of the problem and convergence problems are
encountered, enforcing the stick condition (by prescribing KT>0 and MU=0) may be a
viable solution that will often result in better convergence than with Coulomb friction.
Note however, that this only applies to problems in which minimal sliding is expected. In
the case of larger sliding motions, the stick condition may lead to divergence through a
"tumbling" mode.
11. Prescribing CLEARANCE overrides the default contact behavior of calculating initial gap
opening from the actual distance between Slave and Master. CLEARANCE now becomes
the distance that Slave and Master have to move towards each other in order to close
the contact. Negative value of CLEARANCE means that the bodies have initial prepenetration.

Altair Engineering
Warning: When prescribing CLEARANCE, it is important to

correctly restrict the contact zones and pick
search distance SRCHDIS so that only desired
Slave-Master pairs are involved. With
prescribed CLEARANCE, all contact elements
created on a given interface, even those
where Slaves are geometrically distant from
the respective Master surface, will be
considered to be at prescribed initial gap and
participate in resolving the contact condition.
Note: CLEARANCE cannot be prescribed together with (nonzero) GPAD. Blank GPAD field in presence of
CLEARANCE is interpreted as NONE.
Altair Engineering

PCONTHT
Bulk Data Entry
PCONTHT Define Conductivity for Contact in Heat Transfer Analysis
Description
Defines conductivity for CONTACT elements in heat transfer analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PC ONTHT
PID
KC
KO
TPID
TC ID
(8)
(9)
(10)
Examples
(1)
(2)
(3)
PC ONTHT
1E6
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Contact with automatic determination of KC:

PC ONTHT
AUTO
Minimum data required to prescribe pressure based conductivity for contact:

PC ONTHT
10
Clearance and pressure based conductivity for contact (see comments 3 and 4):
PC ONTHT
1E6
10
20
Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number. Must match with a PID of a PCONT bulk

data entry. See comment 1.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
KC
Conductivity for the closed contact. See comment 2.
KO
Conductivity for the open contact. See comment 2.

Default = 10-14 * KC (Real > 0.0) This default is also set when KO =0.
TPID
Identification number of a TABLED# entry. This table specifies

conductivity based on contact pressure. See comments 2, 3, and 4.
TCID
Identification number of a TABLED# entry. This table specifies

conductivity based on contact clearance. See comments 2, 3, and 4.
Comments
1.
PCONTHT provides heat transfer conductivity for CONTACT element. PCONTHT must
match PID with an existing PCONT.
2.
KC and KO represent conductivity values for closed and open contacts. Theoretically,
while higher conductivity values enforce a perfect conductor, excessively high values may
cause poor conditioning of the conductivity matrix. If any such symptoms are observed,
it may be beneficial to reduce the value of conductivity, or use conductivity based
contact clearance and pressure.
To facilitate reasonable values for KC, automatic calculation is supported, specifically:
Option KC=AUTO determines the value of KC for each contact element using the
conductivity of surrounding elements.
3.
TPID points to a TABLED# entry that specifies conductivity based on contact pressure.
TPID overrides KC.
4.
TCID points to a TABLED# entry that specifies contact based on contact clearance. TCID
overrides KO. TPID can be specified together with TCID. When TPID is specified together
with TCID, conductivity is determined from the table with TCID for open contact, and
from the table with TPID for closed contact.
5.
PCONTHT is not supported for surface-to-surface contact (DISCRET=S2S on CONTACT/

TIE).
6.
Thermal-structural analysis problems involving contact are fully coupled since contact/gap
7.
Altair Engineering

PCONTX
Bulk Data Entry
PCONTX Extended CONTACT Property for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines properties of a CONTACT interface for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PC ONTX
PID
STFAC
FRIC
GAP
IDEL
INAC TI
TSTART
TEND
ISYM
IEDGE
FANG
IGAP
ISTF
STIF1
VISS
VISF
BMULT
IBC
MULTIMP
IFRIC
IFORM
IFILT
FFAC
C1
C2
C3
C4
C5
(8)
(9)
(10)
C TYPE
STMIN
STMAX
C6
Example
(1)
(2)
PC ONT
34
PC ONTX
34
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PID
(9)
(10)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
STFAC

FRIC
Coulomb friction.
GAP

IDEL

0 - No deletion.
the interface.
INACTI

0 - No action.
follows:
gap0 = gap - P0 0.05*(gap - P0 )
Valid in implicit analysis: 0, 3 and 4.
CTYPE
Implicit contact type.

Default = TYPE7 (Character = TYPE5, TYPE7)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
TSTART
Start time
TEND

The following entries are relevant for explicit analysis only.

ISYM

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = SYM, UNSYM)
IEDGE

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = NO, ALL, BORD, FEAT)
All All segment edges are included.
FANG
Feature angle for edge generation (Only with IEDGE = FEAT).

IGAP

Default as defined by CONTPRM (Character = CONST, VAR)
ISTF

characteristics.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
STIF1
Interface stiffness (Only with ISTF = 1)

STMIN

STMAX

IBC

slave grid set.
MULTIMP
Maximum average number of impacted master segments per slave node

Default = 4 for SMP; 12 for SPMD (Integer > 0)
VISS

VISF

BMULT
Sorting factor. Can be used to speed up the sorting algorithm. Is

machine-dependent.
IFRIC

IFORM

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
IFILT

FFAC

C4, C5, C6 REN.
Comments
1.
Only one PCONTX property extension can be associated with a particular PCONT.
2.
PCONTX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
PCONT.
4.
initial gap.
5.
The slave stiffness is an equivalent nodal stiffness computed as Ks = STFAC * B * V- 3 for

Altair Engineering
The interface stiffness is then K = max (STMIN, min (STMAX, K1)) with
ISTF = 0, K1 = Km
ISTF = 2, K1 = 0.5 * (Km + Ks)
ISTF = 5, K1 = Km * Ks / (Km + Ks)
6.
The default for the constant gap (IGAP = CONST) is the minimum of
7.
The variable gap (IGAP = VAR) is computed as gs + gm

with:
gs = 0 if the slave node is not connected to any element or is only connected to solid or
spring elements.
8.
INACTI = 3, 4 are only recommended for small initial penetrations and should be used with
caution because:
interfaces.
Altair Engineering

9.

IFRIC = COUL Coulomb friction with F T < FRIC * F N .
For IFRIC > 0 the friction coefficient is set by a function (m = m (p, V)), where p is the
the slave node.
m = FRIC + C1 * p + C2 * V + C3 * p * v + C4 * p2 + C5 * v2
m = C1 e(C 2 V ) p2 + C3 e(C 4 V ) p + C5 e(C 6 V )
0 < V < C5
C5 < V < C6
C6 < V
where:

Altair Engineering

than the maximum friction C3 (C1 < C3) and C2 < C3).
The viscous (total) formulation (IFORM = VISC) computes an adhesive force as
F adh
F T = min (F N , F adh)
The stiffness (incremental) formulation (IFORM = STIFF) computes an adhesive force as
F adh = F T old + F T
F T = K * VT * dt
F T new = min (F N , F adh)
11.
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T - 1
where,
F'T - 1 - Tangential force at time t-1
IFILT = SIMP = FFAC
IFILT = CUTF = 2
Altair Engineering

PCONV
Bulk Data Entry
PCONV Free Convection Property Definition
Description
Defines a free convection boundary condition properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PC ONV
PC ONID
MID
FORM
EXPF
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PCONID
Convection property identification number of a PCONV card.
(9)
(10)

MID
Material property identification number of MAT4 card.

FORM
Types of formula used for free convection.

Default = 0, Integer 0, 1, 10, 11, 20, 21
EXPF
Free convection exponent.

For FORM = 0, 10, and 20, EXPF = 0.0
For FORM = 1, 11, and 21, EXPF = 1.0
Comments
1.
Every CONV card must refer a PCONV card.
2.
Heat transfer coefficient (H) is specified on MAT4 card with MID.
3.
FORM specifies the convection formula type.

If FORM = 0, 10, 20,
q = H * (T - TAMB)E XP F * (T - TAMB)
If FORM = 1, 11, 21
q = H * (T E XP F - TAMBE XP F ))
where, T is grid temperature and TAMB is the ambient temperature.

Altair Engineering
4.
EXPF is the free convection temperature exponent.

If FORM = 0, 10, 20, EXPF = 0.0 for linear convection.
If FORM = 1, 11, 21, EXPF = 1.0 for linear convection.
Therefore, linear convection formula is:
q = H * (T-TAMB)
5.
Altair Engineering

PDAMP
Bulk Data Entry
PDAMP Scalar Damper Property
Description
Specifies the damping of a scalar damper element using defined CDAMP1 or CDAMP3 entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PDAMP
PID1
B1
PID2
B2
PID3
B3
PID4
B4
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PDAMP
14
2.3
6.1
Field
Contents
PID#
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

B#
Force per unit velocity.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
Damping values are defined directly on the CDAMP2 entry and therefore do not require a
PDAMP entry.
2.
A structural viscous damper, CVISC, may also be used for geometric grid points.
3.
Up to four damping properties may be defined on a single entry.
4.

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PEAKOUT
Bulk Data Entry
PEAKOUT Peak Identification Criteria
Description
Defines criteria used for the automatic identification of loading frequencies at which result
peaks occur. Other result output may then be requested at these peak loading frequencies.
This feature is only supported for frequency response solution sequences.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PEAKOUT
SID
NPEAK
NEAR
FAR
LFREQ
HFREQ
RTYPE
PSC ALE
GRIDC
GID1
C ID1
C UTOFF1
GID2
C ID2
C UTOFF2
GID3
C ID3
C UTOFF3
...
...
...
...
...
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PEAKOUT
396
0.5
100.0
0.0
200.0
DISP
DB
GRIDC
65
11
66
10
67
11
68
11
Field
Contents
SID
(10)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
NPEAK
Desired number of peaks. See comment 2.

NEAR
Minimum allowed distance between two peaks. If two peaks are closer
than this value, the loading frequency of the lower peak will be ignored.
See comment 2.
FAR
Maximum allowed distance between two peaks. Additional peaks will be

selected (in addition to NPEAK) if the distance between the peaks is
greater than this value. See comment 2.
Default = largest applied loading frequency (Real > 0.0)
LFREQ
Starting loading frequency for peak identification. See comment 2.

HFREQ
Ending loading frequency for peak identification. See comment 2.

Default = largest applied loading frequency (Real > 0.0)
RTYPE
Result type for peak identification for the structural domain.

The result for a structural degree of freedom can be displacement (DISP),
velocity (VELO), or acceleration (ACCE).
Default = DISP (DISP, VELO or ACCE)
PSCALE
Pressure scaling method for peak identification for the fluid domain.
The result for a fluid grid can be the scale of pressure, decibels (DB) or Aweighted decibels (DBA). See comment 3 for decibel calculations and
reference pressure settings. For DBA, standard A-weighting is used.
Default = DBA (DB, DBA or NONE)
GRIDC
Flag indicating that a degree-of-freedom list for peak identification is to

follow.
GID#
Grid identification number.


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Field
Contents
CID#
Component identification number.

CUTOFF#
The cutoff value can be a real value or an integer value. See comment 2.
If the entry is a real value, then this is the value of the cutoff (in the
same unit specified by RTYPE and PSCALE).
If the entry is an integer value, then this is the identification number of a
TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3, or TABLED4 entry defining the cutoff as a
function of frequency (in the same unit specified by RTYPE and PSCALE).
Default = 0.0 (Real or Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
There can be multiple PEAKOUT cards with the same SETID.
2.
The following example shows how the different criteria work in identifying peaks.
Figure 1: Plot of the Acoustic Response vs. Frequency
Altair Engineering

Figure 1 shows a plot of the Acoustic Response versus frequency for a chosen degree-offreedom. The total frequency range can be reduced to the frequency range of interest by
defining LFREQ and HFREQ. The search area can be further reduced by defining CUTOFF
such that low magnitude peaks can be ignored. In the remaining region, 5 peaks (P1, P2,
P3, P4, and P5) can easily be identified. Should NPEAK be set to 4, the resulting
frequency set would consist of the frequencies corresponding to the peaks P4, P5, P1,
and P3, with P5 being omitted.
In order to ensure that peaks are neither too far apart nor too close together, the FAR
and NEAR criteria, respectively, may be used.
In the above example, should a value of 50HZ be defined for FAR, P4 would be selected in
addition to the other peaks because D2 (~54 Hz) is greater than 50Hz, and so an
additional peak is required to satisfy the FAR criterion.
Similarly, should a value of 15Hz be defined for NEAR, then P2 will be omitted, as D1 (~11
Hz) is less than 15Hz.
3.
The dB value is calculated using 20 * log10 (P/P0), where P0 is the reference pressure.
4.
If you wish to include interior points of a superelement (in a CMS model) for the purposes
of peak identification using the PEAKOUT bulk data entry, the SEINTPNT entry can be
used in the subcase information section to convert the interior grid points to exterior grid
points (since points referenced by PEAKOUT should be exterior points only).

Altair Engineering
PELAS
Bulk Data Entry
PELAS Scalar Elastic Property
Description
Used to define the stiffness and stress coefficient of a scalar elastic element (spring) by
means of the CELAS1 or CELAS3 entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PELAS
PID
GE
PID
GE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PELAS
4.29
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
7.92
27
2.17
Field
Contents
PID
Unique scalar elastic property identification number.
(8)
(9)
(10)

K
Elastic property value.

No default (Real)
GE
Damping Coefficient. See comments 3 and 4.

Stress coefficient.
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Comments
1.
Be careful using negative spring values.
2.
One or two elastic spring properties may be defined on a single entry.
3.
To obtain the damping coefficient GE, multiply the critical damping ratio, C/C0, by 2.
4.
5.
The element force of a spring is calculated from the equation:
F = k * (u1 u2)
6.

Altair Engineering
PELAST
Bulk Data Entry
PELAST Frequency-dependent Elastic Spring Property
Description
Defines the frequency dependent property values for a PELAS bulk data entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PELAST
PID
TKID
TGEID
TKNID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
PID
Property identification number. Must match with a PID of a PELAS bulk data
entry.
TKID
Identification number of a TABLED# entry that defines the force per unit
displacement versus frequency relationship.
TGEID
Identification number of a TABLED# entry that defines the element structural

damping coefficient versus frequency relationship.
TKNID
Identification number of a TABLED# entry that defines the nonlinear force

versus displacement relationship.
Comments
1.
Each PELAST entry must have a matching PELAS entry.
2.
PELAST is ignored in all solution sequences except frequency response analysis. Nominal
values from the PELAS entry are used in all the analyses except frequency response
analysis.
Altair Engineering

3.
If a particular TABLED id is blank or 0, the corresponding nominal value from the PELAS
entry will be used.
4.
The TKNID table is currently unused in nonlinear analysis and is ignored.
5.

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PERBC
Bulk Data Entry
PERBC Defines a connection between opposite edges/faces of the structure (Periodic
Boundary Conditions).
Description
The PERBC bulk data entry can be used to define a connection between opposite edges/faces
of the structure. This entry is used to apply Periodic Boundary Conditions to the model.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PERBC
ID
GSID
RLID
TOL
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PERBC
45
32
0.01
Field
Contents
ID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
GSID
Identification number of a SET of grid points on one side of the structure.

(Integer > 0)
RLID
Identification number of a RELOC bulk data entry that maps the nodes on one
side of the structure to the other. An exact one-to-one match between the two
sides is required.
(Integer > 0)
TOL
Specifies the numeric value defining the maximum distance between two grid
points to allow equivalence. All grid points in the set defined by GSID and the
set of grid points on the other side of the structure (mapping defined by the
RELOC entry) are considered for equivalence based on the tolerance.
(Real > 0.0)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
The PERBC entry can be used to apply periodic boundary conditions, to match results
from one side of the structure to another.
2.
The referenced RELOC Bulk Data Entry should be defined with TYPE=MOVE or
TYPE=ROTATE. For TYPE=ROTATE, a simple rotation about a single axis should only be
defined. All grids on one side of the structure (defined via GSID) and matching grids on
the other side should cannot have a coordinate system (Field CD on GRID entry) defined.
If RELOC(ROTATE) is specified, then all matching grids will have CD assigned automatically
to match the structure.
3.
Periodic Boundary Conditions are supported for all solution sequences (except OptiStructMulti-body Dynamics (OS-MBD) and Geometric Nonlinear Analysis (ANALYSIS=NLGEOM/
IMPDYN/EXPDYN)) and all optimization types. In shape optimization, when GRIDs identified
on the PERBC entry are in or near the optimized zone, their location changes should be
properly linked through DVGRID, otherwise the results may be incorrect.

Altair Engineering
PFAST
Bulk Data Entry
PFAST CFAST Element Property
Description
Define properties of connector (CFAST) elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PFAST
PID
MC ID
MFLAG
KT1
KT2
KT3
KR1
KR2
KR3
MASS
GE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PFAST
0.3
20
12800.0
8000.0
8000.0
(9)
(10)
0.8
Field
Contents
PID
Identification number of a PFAST entry.

Diameter of the connector. See comment 2.

MCID
Identification number of the element stiffness coordinate system. See

comment 3.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
MFLAG
Flag to indicate how the coordinate system specified by MCID will be

used.
If MFLAG = 0, MCID defines a relative coordinate system.
If MFLAG = 1, MCID defines an absolute coordinate system.
KTi
Stiffness values in directions 1 through 3.

KRi
Rotational stiffness values in directions 4 through 6.

MASS
Mass of the fastener. See comment 5.

GE
Structural damping.
Comments
1.
For a CFAST element, no material needs to be specified in the corresponding PFAST card
- the stiffness of the element is directly specified in the PFAST card with KTi and KRi
entries.
2.
The diameter D will not be involved in the stiffness calculation directly. It is used along
with GA and GB to find appropriate auxiliary points and related shell elements and grids. In
this case, the stiffness contribution of the fastener depends not only on the stiffness
values specified for KTi and KRi, but also the diameter D, because the location of the
auxiliary points will be used to weight the contribution of the shell element grids to GA and
GB of the fastener.
3.
Element stiffness coordinate system. The three stiffness values KT1, KT2 and KT3 will be
applied along the three axes of the element coordinate system. The unit vectors of the
three axes are denoted as e1, e2 and e3.
a) If MCID = -1, MFLAG will be ignored and e1 will be defined as:
e2 is defined as being perpendicular to e1 and lined up with the closest axis of the basic
system. This is accomplished by taking the inner product of e1 with the basic system unit
vectors. The smallest will define the basic system direction which is closest to the plane

Altair Engineering
perpendicular to e1* e2 is then defined as the projection of the basic direction onto this
perpendicular plane. For example, assume m is the unit vector of the closest axis of the
basic system. The direction of e2 can be calculated as:
Unify this vector, then
At last, e3 can be calculated by the cross product of e1 and e2 as follows:

e3 = e1 x e2
b) If MCID > 0 and MFLAG = 0, e1 will be defined as:
in which XA and XB are the coordinates of GA and GB.

The T2 direction specified by MCID will be used to define the orientation vector v of the
fastener.
Then, e3 can be obtained as:
At last, the e2 can be easily calculated by the cross product of e3 and e1 as follows:
e2 = e3 x e1
c)
used directly as e1, e2 and e3. The element forces will be computed in the coordinate
system defined in comment 3(a).
d) If MCID refers to a cylindrical or spherical coordinate system, the local origin used to
locate the system is selected as follow: (i) if GA of the CFAST is specified, use GA as
the local origin; (ii) if GA is not specified but GS is specified, use GS as the local origin;
(iii) if neither GA nor GS is specified, use the point (XS, YS, ZS) as the local origin.
4.
The final length of the CFAST element is defined by the distance between GA and GB. If
the length is zero, the normal to shell patch A is used to define the axis of the fastener.
5.
For the mass of the fastener, half of the value defined in the MASS entry is placed
directly onto the translational degrees-of-freedom of GA and GB. Then they are
distributed, via auxiliary points, to corresponding shell grids. As the result, while the mass
will be represented correctly for general representation of the fastener in the vibrations of
the structure, the moments of inertia relative to the local axes of the fastener will only be
Altair Engineering

roughly approximated.

Altair Engineering
PFAT
Bulk Data Entry
PFAT Fatigue Properties
Description
Defines element properties for fatigue analysis
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PFAT
ID
Layer
Finish
Treatme
nt
Kf
(7)
(8)
(9)
Field
Contents
ID
Each PFAT card must have a unique ID. This ID may be referenced from a
FATDEF definition.
(10)

Finish
Material Surface Finish, a result of manufacturing process. See comment 3.

Default = NONE (NONE, POLISH, GROUND, MACHINE, HOTROLL, FORGE or any
float value between 0.0 and 1.0)
When it is a float value, it will be used to modify the fatigue limit by multiplied
with the original fatigue limit.
Treatment
Material Surface Treatment for Material S-N Curve, a process used to enhance
the fatigue life. See comment 3.
Default = NONE (NONE, NITRIDED, SHOTPEEN, COLDROLL or any float value
great than 0.0)
When it is a float value, it will be used to modify the fatigue limit by multiplied
with the original fatigue limit.
Layer
Region Layer for shell elements. See comment 1.

Default = 0 (0 = Worst, 1 = Top, 2 = Bottom).
Kf
Fatigue strength reduction factor. See comments 2 and 3.

Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
If shell elements are used, it is necessary to specify the appropriate layer or Surface of
results to use Top or Bottom. Worst is the worst result of Top and Bottom (the one with
larger damage).
2.
Fatigue strength reduction factor takes into account the effect of notch effects, size
effects, and loading type influence,
where, Cnotch , Csize, and Cloading are correction factors for notch effect, size effect, and
loading type influence.
3.
Finish, Treatment and Kf are ignored in FOS analysis (TYPE=FOS on FATPARM).
4.

Altair Engineering
PFPATH
Bulk Data Entry
PFPATH Transfer Path Analysis
Description
Bulk Data Entry for One-Step Transfer Path Analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PFPATH
SID
C ONPT
RID
RTYPE
C ONEL
C ONREL
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PFPATH
10
11
12
DISP
18
23
(8)
(9)
(10)
Argument
Options
SID
<INTEGER>
setid
The SID is referenced by a PFPATH

card in the control section.
CONPT
<INTEGER>
gsid
The connection points with a SID of

type GRID SET.
RID
<INTEGER>
rsid
The response SID of type GRIDC.

Contribution to each response DOF
through the connection points will be
calculated.
Altair Engineering
Description

Argument
Options
Description
RPTYPE
DISP/VELO/ACCE
Default = DISP
Criterion for the type of the response; the response type

corresponding to a structural degree of freedom could be
displacement, velocity or acceleration.
CONEL
<INTEGER>
esid
The ELEMENT set consists of elements

connected to the connection GRIDs in
CONPT. These elements represent
connecting paths from the rest of the
system to the user-defined control
volume.
CONREL
<INTEGER>
rsid
The RIGID set consists of the RIGID

elements, connected to the connection
GRIDs in CONPT. These rigid elements
represent connecting paths from the
rest of the system to the user defined
control volume.
Comments
1.
There can be multiple PFPATH cards with the same SID.
2.
If CONREL is specified in the 7th entry, the RIGID element IDs must be unique.

Altair Engineering
PFBODY
Bulk Data Entry
PFBODY Flexible Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines a flexible body out of a list of finite element properties, elements, and grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PFBODY
BID
BODY_NAME
TYPE1
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
TYPE2
ID9
ID10
TYPE#
G4
G5
G6
(10)
C MS
C TYPE
UB_FREQ
NMODES
FLXNODE
NOAUTO/C 1
G1
G2
G3
FLXNODE
C2
G8
G9
DTYPE
DVAL
DAMPING
Altair Engineering

Example 1
(1)
(2)
PFBODY
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(10)
C ontrol_arm
PSHELL
23
21
PBEAM
59
48
C ONM2
2345
GRID
400
401
402
C MS
CB
FLXNODE
123
400
499
FLXNODE
123456
402
300
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PFBODY
901
902
903
1000
1001
50
Example 2
Linkage
PSOLID
13
15
C MS
CB
2000.0
FLXNODE
NOAUTO
FLXNODE
123
900

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
FLXNODE
123456
11
12
13
DAMPING
C RATIO
0.8
Field
Contents
BID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

BODY_NAME
Unique body name.

This name is used as the Flex H3D file name to which the reduced
flexible body information will be written out for the PFBODY.
Default = OUTFILE_body_<BID>.h3d (Character string)
TYPE#
type. All property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3,
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PCOMP, PCOMPP,
PCOMPG, PDAMP, PELAS, PGAP, PROD, PSHEAR, PSHELL, PSOLID,
PVISC, PWELD, CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR, RROD, or
GRID)
ID#

CMS
CMS flag indicating that information on the method used for reducing
the flexible body is to follow.
CTYPE
Component Mode Synthesis method to be employed.

CB - Craig-Bampton
CC - Craig-Chang
Default = CB (CB or CC)
UB_FREQ
Upper bound frequency for the eigenvalue analysis. If 0.0 or blank, no
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
upper bound is used. See comments 8 and 9.
NMODES
Number of modes to be extracted from eigenvalue analysis. If set to -1

or blank, number of modes is limitless. See comments 8 and 9.
FLXNODE
FLXNODE flag indicating that flexible body interface node information is

to follow. See comment 11.
NOAUTO
NOAUTO flag to not automatically determine the interface nodes for the
flexible body.
C#
Component number indicating the interface degrees-of-freedom for the

following list of grids.
No default (up to 6 unique digits (0 < digit < 6) may be placed in the
field with no embedded blanks)
G#
Grid identification numbers.

(Integer > 0)
DAMPING
DAMPING flag indicating the flexible body modal damping.
DTYPE
Damping option.
Default = DEFAULT (DEFAULT or CRATIO)
DVAL
Damping ratio value if DTYPE is specified as CRATIO.

(Real > 0.0)
Comments
1.
A maximum of 56 characters may be given for BODY_NAME.
2.
Flex H3D file name will be <BODY_NAME>.h3d or OUTFILE_body_<BID>.h3d in the outfile

directory.
3.
Any number of property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBAR, RBE2, RBE3 or RROD

Altair Engineering
4.
5.
A property definition; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR or RROD element or grid
point can only belong to one body (flexible or rigid).
6.
All property definitions, elements and grid points defined on a PFBODY bulk data entry
form one flexible body.
7.
CMS definition defines the component mode synthesis method to reduce the flexible body
for the multi-body analysis. Exactly one must be defined for each PFBODY.
8.
UB_FREQ and NMODES cannot both be blank.
9.
When UB_FREQ = 0.0 and NMODES = 0, this is a special case where no eigen modes will
be included in CMS mode generation.
10. If FLXNODE is not defined, a default set of interface nodes and degrees-of-freedom. will
be generated based on the actual interface nodes and degrees-of-freedom of the flexible
body.
11. One FLXNODE line can have up to six interface grid IDs. No continuation lines are
allowed. Add multiple FLXNODE lines to add more than six interface nodes.
Altair Engineering

PGAP
Bulk Data Entry
PGAP Gap Element Property
Description
Defines properties of the gap (CGAP or CGAPG) elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PGAP
PID
U0
F0
KA
KB
KT
MU1
MU2
GPAD
FRIC ESL
Examples
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PGAP
.025
2.5
1E6
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
1E6
0.25
0.25
0.3
0.3
(10)
Frictionless contact with automatic determination of U0 and KA:

PGAP
AUTO
AUTO
Minimum data required to prescribe Coulomb friction:

PGAP
1E6
Enforced stick condition (See comment 8):

PGAP
1E6
AUTO

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
PID

U0
Initial gap opening.

Default = 0.0 (Real or AUTO). See comment 2.
F0
Preload. (Ignored in linear analysis).

KA
Axial stiffness for the closed gap. See comments 3 and 7.

No default (Real > 0.0 or AUTO, SOFT or HARD)
KB
Axial stiffness for the open gap. See comment 3.

Default = 10-14 * KB (Real > 0.0). This default is also set when KB=0.
KT
Transverse stiffness when the gap is closed. See comments 4 and 7.

Default = MU1 * KA (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
MU1
Coefficient of static friction (ms). See comments 8 through 10. (Ignored in

linear analysis).
MU2
Coefficient of kinetic friction (mk). (Ignored in linear analysis).

GPAD
Padding to be added to account for additional layers on the surface of

obstacles A and B. Positive value reduces the initial gap opening. See
comment 11.
Default = NONE (Real or NONE or THICK; THICK applies only to CGAPG
elements)
FRICESL

transverse force increases linearly with slip distance. Specified in physical
distance units (similar to U0 and GPAD). See comment 5.
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Field
Contents
Non-zero value activates respective friction model based on Elastic
Slip Distance.
Zero value or blank activates friction model based on prescribed
transverse stiffness KT.
Comments
1.
The gap element coordinate system is presented in the following figure. See the CGAP or
CGAPG entry for a more detailed description.
The C GAP or C GAPG Element C oordinate System
2.
With the optional value AUTO, the initial gap opening U0 is calculated automatically,
based on the distance between nodes GA and GB (in the original, undeformed mesh). For
gap elements with prescribed coordinate systems, this becomes a projection of vector
GA->GB onto the prescribed axis on the gap element (axis 1 of the coordinate system).
3.
The gap element force-displacement behavior is different in linear and nonlinear analysis
(see Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis for more information on nonlinear solutions). In linear
analysis, the gap stiffness is constant and depends on the initial gap opening U0 (as
shown in the figure below).

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C GAP or C GAPG Element Force Deflection C urve for Linear Analysis
The gap force displacement behavior in nonlinear analysis is illustrated in the figure below.
While the gap is open, its normal stiffness is defined by KB. When the gap relative
displacement UA - UB becomes equal to the initial opening U0, first contact occurs. The
gap stiffness becomes KA upon contact.
C GAP or C GAPG Element Force Deflection C urve for Nonlinear Analysis
4.
When the gap is open, there is no transverse stiffness. When the gap is closed, friction
is activated and the gap has stiffness KT in the transverse direction (see 5 below for
alternative version). KT acts as a linear spring in linear solution sequences. For nonlinear
solution sequences, frictional force increases with sliding distance in proportion to KT until
it reaches static friction force MU1 * Fx, Fx being the normal force in the gap element.
With further transverse deformation, friction becomes kinetic and the friction force is MU2
* Fx. See the figure below for a one-dimensional illustration.
Altair Engineering

C GAP or C GAPG Element Frictional Behavior in Nonlinear Analysis
5. In addition to the above formulation, in Release 12.0 an additional model of friction has
been introduced, based on Elastic Slip Distance and activated by presence of non-zero
FRICESL. This model typically has better performance in solution of frictional problems
C omparison of the two available friction models for gap elements.
Model (a), based on fixed stiffness KT, is relatively simpler and only requires prescribing
coefficient of friction MU1 and MU2 (while KT can be determined automatically).
However, in Coulomb friction the frictional resistance depends upon normal force. Using
fixed KT will predict different range of stick/slip boundary for different normal forces,
and thus may qualify the same configuration as stick or slip, depending on normal
force.

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require prescribing elastic slip distance FRICESL (for gap elements, there is no
automatic determination of FRICESL a recommended value is about 0.5% of typical
element size in the neighborhood of the gap element).
6. Note that the nonlinear gap element's force-displacement behavior may produce negative
contributions to the compliance of the structure. For example, if KB > 0 and initial gap
opening U0 > 0, then the gap is essentially "preloaded" with an attractive force KB*U0. As
such a gap closes, the work done (and, hence, the gap's contribution to compliance) is
negative. Such very small negative contributions may even be produced if the KB field is
blank or zero this is due to the default non-zero value of KB applied in such cases. In
most situations, such small negative contributions get overridden by the overall positive
compliance of the entire structure. However, in some cases they may lead to negative
total compliance.
7. Reasonable gap stiffness: the gap stiffness values KA and KT essentially represent penalty
springs that are hard enough to prevent perceptible penetration of contacting nodes.
While, theoretically, higher stiffness values enforce the contact conditions more precisely,
excessively high values may cause difficulties in convergence or poor conditioning of the
stiffness matrix (this is especially true for KT). If any such symptoms are observed, it may
be beneficial to reduce the value of gap stiffness. A reasonable range of gap stiffness is
of the order of:
(103 to 106 ) * E * h
where, E is the typical value of elastic modulus and h is the typical element size in the
area surrounding the gap elements. Such a range will generally keep the gap penetration
below one thousandth / one millionth of the element size, respectively. A good value for
KT is of the order of 0.1*KA.
To facilitate reasonable values of KA and KT, automatic calculation of these parameters is
supported, specifically:
Option KA=AUTO determines the value of KA for each gap element using the stiffness
of surrounding elements. Additional options SOFT and HARD create respectively softer
or harder penalties. SOFT can be used in cases of convergence difficulties and HARD
can be used if undesirable penetration is detected in the solution.
Option KT=AUTO automatically calculates the value of KT. If MU1>0, the result here is
the same as with blank KT -- its value is calculated as MU1*KA. However, if MU1=0 or
blank, KT=AUTO produces a non-zero value of KT, calculated as KT=0.1*KA.
Therefore, KT=AUTO can be used to prescribe enforced stick conditions (see below).
8.
Prescribing MU1=STICK is interpreted as an enforced stick condition. (This can also be

accomplished by prescribing KT>0 or KT=AUTO with MU1=0 or blank). Such gap elements
will not enter the sliding phase. Of course, the enforced stick only applies to gaps that
are closed. Note that, in order to effectively enforce stick condition on gaps of non-zero
length,frictional offset may need to be turned off (See comment 10).
9.
Prescribing MU1=FREEZE enforces zero relative motion of the gap the gap opening
remains fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is zero. Also, rotations at GA
node are matched to the rotations of GB or the obstacle patch B. The FREEZE conditions
applies no matter whether the gap is open or closed (hence, U0 is of no relevance in this
case). The prescribed values of KB and KT are ignored. The value of KA is respected,
Altair Engineering

although it is recommended that it is set to AUTO or HARD, to assure good connection.

Also, this condition is effective irrespective of the frictional offset setting.
10. The presence of friction or stick can introduce moment loadings and counter-intuitive
results into the problem by way of frictional offset. The reason is that for gap elements
with non-zero length (distance between GA and GB), the actual location of the contact
interface is presumed to be in the middle of the gap length (see figure below).
C GAP or C GAPG Presumed C ontact Surface
The frictional forces act along this contact surface. Transferring these forces to the grid
points GA and GB requires an offset operation that produces both forces and moments at
the gap grid points. Similarly, the sliding distance at the gap interface is a result of nodal
displacements and rotations at GA and GB (see figure below).
C GAP or C GAPG Sliding with Friction
For contact between bodies that do not support moments (solid elements, for example),
this offset may render friction ineffective because the free rotations at gap nodes offer
no effective resistance to friction. With the stick condition formally satisfied, for
example, nodes GA and GB can move relative to each other (see figure below).

Altair Engineering
C GAP or C GAPG Stick (Zero Sliding Distance)
In practice, for gaps that are initially open, AUTOSPC will effectively fix respective
unsupported rotations. However, for gap elements that are initially closed (U0 < 0 or
U0=AUTO with CID=FLIP), the frictional terms will prevent AUTOSPC from being effective.
Hence, respective SPC on rotations need to be applied manually. (Note that this only
applies to "individual" gap end nodes GA and GB and is not needed for elements or patches
of nodes on the obstacle side of GAPG elements).
Effective in the Release 12.0, to avoid such counter-intuitive behavior, the frictional
offset operation is by default turned off if the model involves friction or stick and contains
at least one nonlinear subcase (of NLSTAT type). (Note that for consistency, this affects
both linear and nonlinear gap elements.) This produces more intuitive results with friction.
However, it may violate the rigid body balance of the body.
For linear gap analysis and for FREEZE condition, the offset operation is applied by default
(this produces correct rigid body balance, especially in natural frequency analysis).
The above default setting can be changed via the GAPOFFS command on the GAPPRM
card.
11. The GPAD option allows you to account for additional layers on the surface on obstacles
A and B, such as shell thickness or coatings on the surface of solids. Positive value
substracts from the gap opening U0, when calculated using AUTO option (GPAD is only
allowed when U0 is set to AUTO).
The GPAD option THICK automatically accounts for shell thickness on both sides of the
gap (this also includes the effects of shell element offset ZOFFS or composite offset Z0).
The THICK option applies only to CGAPG elements and is ignored for CGAP.
Altair Engineering

PGAPHT
Bulk Data Entry
PGAPHT Gap Element Heat Transfer Conduction Property for Heat Transfer Analysis
Description
Defines heat transfer conduction properties of the gap (CGAP or CGAPG) elements for heat
transfer analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PGAPHT
PID
KAHT
KBHT
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
TC ID
Examples
(1)
(2)
(3)
PGAPHT
1E6
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Contact with automatic determination of KAHT:

PGAPHT
AUTO
Minimum data required to prescribe clearance based contact conduction (see comments 2
and 3):
PGAPHT
10
Field
Contents
PID

KAHT
Total conduction for the closed gap. See comment 2.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
No default (Real > 0.0 or AUTO)
KBHT
Total conduction for the open gap. See comment 2.

Default = 10-14 * KAHT (Real > 0.0) This default is also set when KBHT=0.
TCID
Identification number of a TABLED# entry. This table specifies total gap

conduction based on gap clearance. See comments 2, 3, and 4.
Comments
1.
PGAPHT provides heat transfer conductivity for CGAP/CGAPG element. PGAPHT must
match PID with an existing PGAP.
2.
KAHT and KBHT represent total gap conduction values for closed and open gaps.
Theoretically, while higher conduction values enforce a perfect conductor, excessively
high values may cause poor conditioning of the conductivity matrix. If any such
symptoms are observed, it may be beneficial to reduce the value of gap conduction, or
use conduction based contact clearance and pressure.
To facilitate reasonable values of KAHT, automatic calculation is supported, specifically:
Option KAHT=AUTO determines the value of KAHT for each gap element using the
conduction of surrounding elements.
3. TCID points to a TABLED# entry that specifies total conduction based on gap clearance.
TCID overrides KBHT. TCID is ignored for linear CGAP/CGAPG elements.
4. Thermal-structural analysis problems involving contact are fully coupled since contact/gap
Altair Engineering

PGASK
Bulk Data Entry
PGASK Gasket Element Property Definition
Description
Defining the properties for solid gasket elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PGASK
PID
MIDG
MID1
C ORDM
H0
GAP
VOID
LEAKP
STABMT
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PGASK
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.5
Field
Contents
PID
Unique gasket element property identification number.

MIDG
A MGASK entry identification number that defines thickness-direction and

transverse shear behaviors of the gasket.
MID1
A MAT1 entry identification number that defines membrane properties and

mass density of the gasket.
Blank means zero membrane stiffness, zero membrane thermal expansion
coefficient, and zero mass density.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
CORDM
Material coordinate system identification number. See comment 3.

-1 means the element local coordinate system, while 0 means the basic
coordinate system.
Default = -1 (Integer > -1)
H0
Prescribed initial thickness of the gasket. See comment 4.

0.0 or blank means using initial thickness of the gasket element.
GAP
Initial open gap of the gasket. See comment 5.

VOID
Initial void of the gasket. See comment 5.

LEAKP
Leakage pressure. See comment 6.

STABMT
Membrane and transverse shear stabilization flag.

0 - no stabilization.
1 - a stabilization stiffness is used if membrane or transverse shear stiffness
is zero.
Default = 0 (Integer = 0 or 1)
Comments
1.
All gasket element property entries must have unique identification numbers.
2.
PGASK refers to two material entries, MGASK and MAT1. MGASK defines the thicknessdirection and transverse shear behaviors of the gasket material, and MAT1 defines the
membrane behavior of the gasket material.
The thickness-direction stiffness is defined with the unit of stress per unit displacement
(the pressureclosure distance relationship for the thickness compression), the
transverse shear stiffness is defined with either the unit of stress per unit displacement
or the unit of force per unit area, and the membrane stiffness is defined with the unit of
force per unit area (the stressstrain relationship).
Altair Engineering

3.
The gasket material coordinate system can be defined as the element local coordinate
system (CORDM = -1) or a prescribed system (CORDM = Integer > 0). The material local
3-direction is taken as the gasket thickness direction, and the material local 1-direction
and 2-direction are taken as the gasket membrane principle directions. If the angle
between the prescribed thickness direction (the material local 3-direction) and the default
one (the element local 3-direction) is larger than 20 degrees, a warning will be provided.
4.
The initial thickness includes initial open gap and initial void of the gasket.
5.
The total closure of a gasket element consists of the mechanical closure and the thermal
closure, that is:
Ctotal = Cmech + Cthermal

The thermal closure, Cthermal, is calculated as:
Cthermal = ALPHA * (Tref - T) * (H0 - GAP - VOID)

The effective closure, C, which is used to determine pressure with the loading/unloading
of tables defined in the MGASK card, is calculated as:
C = Cmech GAP
If there is no initial open gap (GAP=0), C and Cmech are identical.
6.
The sealing status of gasket is detected with the leakage pressure. If the gasket pressure
is larger than the leakage pressure, it is detected to be sealed the output status index
value is 1; otherwise, it is leaking the output status index value is 0.
7.
For gasket in contact, STABMT is recommended to be 1, if its membrane or transverse

shear stiffness is zero.
8.
The continuation entry is optional.
9.

Altair Engineering
PHFSHL
Bulk Data Entry
PHFSHL Shell Element Property for One-Step Stamping Simulation
Description
Defines the thickness, material, blank holder, binder and Forming Limit Curve references for a
shell property in a one-step stamping simulation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PHFSHL
PID
MID
BHID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
FLDID
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PHFSHL
0.01
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
PID
Unique shell element property identification number.

MID
Material identification number of a MATHF entry.

Thickness
BHID
Blank holder ID referring to a BLKHDF entry.

FLDID
User-defined Forming Limit Curve ID referring to FLDATA entry.

Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
2.
All shell element property entries must have unique identification numbers.
3.
PHFSHL is referenced by CTRIA3 and CQUAD4 entries.

Altair Engineering
PLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD Static Pressure Load
Description
Defines a static pressure load on a triangular or quadrilateral element. It can also be used to
define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and
TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PLOAD
SID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PLOAD
-4.0
16
32
11
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
P
Pressure.
G1,...G4 Grid point identification numbers.

(Integer > 0; G4 may be 0)
Comments
1.
The grid points define either a triangular or a quadrilateral element to which a pressure is
applied. If G4 is zero or blank, the element is triangular.
Altair Engineering

In the case of a triangular element, the assumed direction of the pressure is computed
according to the right-hand rule using the sequence of grid points G1, G2, and G3.
2.
The total load on the element, AP, is divided into three equal parts and applied to the grid
points as concentrated loads. A minus sign in field 3 reverses the direction of the load.
3.
In the case of a quadrilateral element, the grid points G1, G2, G3, and G4 should form a
consecutive sequence around the perimeter. The right-hand rule is applied to find the
assumed direction of the pressure.
4.
This card is represented as a pressure load in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD1 Applied Load on CBAR or CBEAM Elements
Description
Defines concentrated, uniformly distributed, or linearly distributed applied loads to the CBAR or
CBEAM elements at user-chosen points along the axis. It can also be used to define the
EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk
data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOAD1
SID
EID
TYPE
SC ALE
X1
P1
X2
P2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOAD1
25
1065
MY
FRPR
0.2
2.5E3
0.8
3.5E3
Field
Contents
SID
(10)

EID
CBAR or CBEAM element identification number.

TYPE
Load type. See comment 5.

No default (FX, FY, FZ, FXE, FYE, FZE, MX, MY, MZ, MXE, MYE or MZE)
SCALE
Determines scale factor for X1, X2. See comments 6, 7, 8 and 9.

No default (LE, FR, LEPR or FRPR)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
X1, X2
Distances along the CBAR or CBEAM element axis from end A.

For X1: No default; For X2: Default = blank (Real, 0 < X1 < X2)
P1, P2
Load factors at positions X1, X2.

Comments
1.
In the static solution sequences, the load set ID (SID) is selected by the LOAD command
in the Subcase Information section.
2.
positions X1 and X2, having an intensity per unit length of bar equal to P1 at X1 and
equal to P2 at X2, except as noted in comments 8 and 9.
3.
If X2 is blank or equal to X1, a concentrated load of value P1 will be applied at position

X1.
4.
will be applied between positions X1 and X2, except as noted in comments 8 and 9.
5.
Load TYPE is used as follows to define loads:

"FX", "FY" or "FZ": Force in the x, y, or z direction of the basic coordinate system.
"MX", "MY" or "MZ": Moment in the x, y, or z direction of the basic coordinate system.
"FXE", "FYE" or "FZE": Force in the x, y, or z direction of the elements coordinate system.
"MXE", "MYE" or "MZE": Moment in the x, y, or z direction of the elements coordinate
system.
6.
If SCALE = "LE" (length), the xi values are actual distances along the element axis, and, if
7.
If SCALE = "FR" (fractional), the xi values are ratios of the distance along the axis to the
8.
If SCALE = "LEPR" (length projected), the xi values are actual distances along the element
element.

Altair Engineering
PLOAD1 C onvention on Beam or Bar Elements
If SCALE = "LE", the total load applied to the bar is P1 (X2 X1) in the y-basic direction.
If SCALE = "LEPR", the total load applied to the bar is P1 (X2 X1) cos in the y-basic
direction.
9.
If SCALE = "FRPR" (fractional projected), the Xi values are ratios of the actual distance to
in terms of the projected length of the bar.
10. Element identification numbers for CBAR and CBEAM entries must be unique.
11. Loads on CBEAM elements defined with PLOAD1 entries are applied along the line of the
shear centers.
12. If on the TYPE field of the PLOAD1 entry, the element coordinate system direction (for
example, TYPE = FYE) option is selected, then the projection (SCALE=FRPR or LEPR)
option is ignored and the result is the same as the SCALE=FR (or LE) option.
13. This card is represented as a pressure load in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PLOAD2
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD2 Pressure Load on a Two-Dimensional Structural Element
Description
Defines a uniform static pressure load applied to two-dimensional elements. Only QUAD4 or
TRIA3 elements may have a pressure load applied to them via this entry. It can also be used
to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1
and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOAD2
SID
EID
EID
EID
EID
EID
EID
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PLOAD2
21
-3.6
(4)
(5)
(6)
16
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOAD2
SID
EID1
THRU
EID2
blank
blank
blank
PLOAD2
30.4
16
THRU
48
Field
Contents
SID
(10)
(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Pressure value.
EID, EID1, EID2

(Integer > 0; EID1<EID2)
Comments
1.
EID must be 0 or blank for omitted entries.
2.
At least one positive EID must be present on each PLOAD2 entry.
3.
If the alternate form is used, all elements EID1 through EID2 must be two-dimensional.
4.
The direction of the pressure is computed according to the right-hand rule using the grid
point sequence specified on the element entry. Refer to the PLOAD entry.
5.
All elements referenced must exist.
6.
Continuations are not allowed.
7.
Altair Engineering

PLOAD4
Bulk Data Entry
PLOAD4 Pressure Loads on Face of Structural Elements
Description
Defines a load on a face of a HEXA, PENTA, TETRA, PYRA, TRIA3, TRIA6, QUAD4, or QUAD8
element. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PLOAD4
SID
EID
P1
P2
P3
P4
G1
G3 or
G4
C ID
N1
N2
N3
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOAD4
1106
10.0
8.0
5.0
1.0
48
0.0
1.0
0.0
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOAD4
SID
EID1
P1
P2
P3
P4
THRU
EID2
C ID
N1
N2
N3
1106
10.0
8.0
THRU
1143
0.0
1.0
0.0
PLOAD4
5.0

(10)
Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
SID

(Integer > 0)
EID1, EID2

(Integer > 0, EID1 < EID2)
P1, P2, P3, P4
Load per unit surface area (pressure) at the corners of the face of the
element (real or blank). (P1 is the default for P2, P3, and P4).
G1
Identification number of a grid point connected to a corner of the face.

Required data for solid elements only (Integer or blank). For PYRA
elements, this grid must be on an edge of the quadrilateral face.
G3
Identification number of a grid point connected to a corner diagonally

opposite to G1 on the same face of a HEXA or PENTA element. Required
data for quadrilateral faces of HEXA and PENTA elements only (Integer or
blank). G3 must be omitted for a triangular surface on a PENTA element
and the quadrilateral face on a PYRA element. For triangular faces of
PYRA elements, this grid must be on the edge next to the quadrilateral
face. G1 and G3 must define a positive direction into the element using
the right hand rule.
G4
Identification number of the TETRA grid point located at the corner not
on the face being loaded. This is required data and is used for TETRA
elements only.
CID

(Integer > 0)
N1, N2, N3
Components of vector measured in coordinate system defined by CID

(Real). Used to define the direction (but not the magnitude) of the load
intensity. See comment 10.
Comments
1.
The continuation is optional. If fields 2, 3, 4, and 5 of the continuation are blank, the
load is assumed to be a pressure acting normal to the face. If these fields are not blank,
the load acts in the direction defined in these fields. Note that, if CID is a curvilinear
coordinate system, the direction of load may vary over the surface of the element. The
load intensity is the load per unit of surface area, not the load per unit of area normal to
Altair Engineering

the direction of loading.

2.
For solid elements the direction of positive pressure (defaulted continuation card) is
inward. The load intensity P1 acts at grid point G1 and load intensities P2, P3 (and P4)
act at the other corners in a sequence determined by applying the right hand rule to the
outward normal.
3.
For plate elements the direction of positive pressure (defaulted continuation) is in the
direction of positive normal, determined by applying the right hand rule to the sequence of
connected grid points. The load intensities PI, P2, P3 (and P4) act respectively at corner
points G1, G2, G3 (and G4). (See plate connection).
4.
If P2, P3 (and P4) are blank fields, the load intensity is uniform and equal to P1. P4 has
no meaning for a triangular face and may be left blank in this case.
5.
Equivalent grid point loads are computed by linear (or bilinear) interpolation of load
intensity, followed by numerical integration using isoperimetric shape functions. Note that
uniform load intensity does not necessarily result in equal equivalent grid point loads.
6.
G1 and G3 are ignored for TRIA3, TRIA6, QUAD4, and QUAD8 elements.
7.
The alternate form is available only for TRIA3, TRIA6, QUAD4, and QUAD8 elements. The
continuation card may be used in the alternate form.
8.
For triangular faces of PENTA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid

point that is on the face being loaded and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For faces of
TETRA elements, G1 is an identification number of a corner grid point that is on the face
being loaded and G4 is an identification number of the corner grid point that is not on the
face being loaded. Since a TETRA has only four corner points, this point, G4, is unique
and different for each of the four faces of a TETRA element.
9.
For the quadrilateral face of the PYRA element, G1 is an identification number of a corner
grid point on the face and the G3 or G4 field is left blank. For the triangular faces, G1 and
G3 must specify the grids on the edge of the face that borders the quadrilateral face and
the grids must be ordered so that they define an inward normal using the right hand rule.
10. N1, N2, and N3 are not supported in NLGEOM subcases.

11. This card is represented as a pressure load in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PLOADX1
Bulk Data Entry
PLOADX1 Static Pressure Load on Axisymmetric Element
Description
Defines a static surface traction on the CTAXI and CTRIAX6 axisymmetric elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PLOADX1
SID
EID
PA
PB
GA
GB
Theta
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PLOADX1
20
10.5
12.5
11
13
15.0
Field
Contents
SID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
EID

(Integer > 0)
PA
Surface traction at grid point GA.

No default (Real)
PB
Surface traction at grid point GB.

Default = PA (Real or blank)
GA, GB
Identification numbers of two adjacent corner grid points on the element

side.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Theta
Angle between surface traction and inward normal to the line segment.
Comments
1.
The surface traction is assumed to vary linearly along the element side between GA and
GB.
2.
The surface traction is input as force per unit area.
3.
Theta is measured counter-clockwise from the inward normal of the straight line
between GA and GB, to the vector of the applied load, as shown in the figure below.
Positive pressure is in the direction of inward normal to the line segment.
Pressure Load on C TRAX6 and C TAXI Elements
4.

Altair Engineering
PLOTEL
Bulk Data Entry
PLOTEL Dummy Plot Element Definition
Description
Defines a one-dimensional dummy element for use in plotting.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PLOTEL
EID
G1
G2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PLOTEL
29
35
16
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

G1,G2
Comments
1.
This element is not used in the model during any of the solution phases of a problem. It is
used to simplify the plotting of structures with large numbers of collinear grid points,
where the plotting of each grid point along with the elements connecting them would
result in a confusing plot.
2.
3.
Only one PLOTEL element may be defined on a single entry.
4.
This card is represented as a plot element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PLOTEL3
Bulk Data Entry
PLOTEL3 Dummy Plot Element Definition
Description
Defines a three-noded, two-dimensional dummy element for use in plotting.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PLOTEL3
EID
G1
G2
G3
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PLOTEL3
29
35
16
22
(6)
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

G1, G2, G3
Comments
1.
used to simplify the plotting of large structures.
2.
3.
This card is represented as a tria3 element in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PLOTEL4
Bulk Data Entry
PLOTEL4 Dummy Plot Element Definition
Description
Defines a four-noded, two-dimensional dummy element for use in plotting.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PLOTEL4
EID
G1
G2
G3
G4
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PLOTEL4
29
35
16
22
23
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

G1, G2, G3, G4
Comments
1.
used to simplify the plotting of large structures.
2.
3.
This card is represented as a quad4 element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PLSOLID
Bulk Data Entry
PLSOLID Nonlinear Hyperelastic Solid Element Property
Description
The PLSOLID bulk data entry defines the properties of nonlinear hyperelastic solid elements,
referenced by CHEXA, CPENTA, and CTETRA bulk data entries. The MATHE hyperelastic
material can be referenced to define corresponding material properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
PLSOLID
PID
MID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PLSOLID
Field
Contents
PEID
Unique solid element property identification number.

MID
Identification number of a MATHE bulk data entry.

Comments
1.
All solid element property entries must have unique identification numbers.
2.
The PLSOLID bulk data entry can be referenced by a CHEXA, CPENTA or CTETRA bulk
data entry.
3.

Altair Engineering
PLY
Bulk Data Entry
PLY Ply Information for Ply-based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the properties of a ply used in ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PLY
ID
MID
THETA
SOUT
TMANUF
DID
ESID1
ESID2
ESID3
ESID4
ESID5
ESID6
ESID7
ESID9
(9)
(10)
ESID8
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PLY
0.1
45
YES
0.01
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
ID
Unique ply identification number.

MID
Material identification number. Must refer to a MAT1, MAT2 or MAT8 bulk data
entry.
Ply thickness.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
THETA
Ply orientation angle, in degrees, of the longitudinal direction relative to the xaxis of the material coordinate system associated with a given element. If no
material coordinate system is prescribed for the element, the angle is measured
relative to side 1-2 of this element.
SOUT
Stress, Strain, and Failure Index output request. See comments 2 and 3.
TMANUF
Thickness of one manufacturable ply. See comment 4.

DID
Draping identification number. Must refer to a DRAPE bulk data entry.

ESID#
Element SET identification numbers. Lists the elements for which this PLY card
is defined. No continuation line indicates that all elements should be included.
Comments
1.
The PLY card is used in combination with the PCOMPP and STACK cards to create
2.
Stress, Strain and Failure Index output for the PLY is activated by setting SOUT to YES.
In addition, the I/O Options CSTRESS (controlling Stress and Failure Index output) and/or
CSTRAIN (controlling Strain output) must be defined. Failure Index output also requires
that the FT and SB fields be defined on the corresponding PCOMPP card, and that stress/
strain allowables on the referenced materials are defined.
3.
element," which is the maximum of failure indices for individual plies in this element. Note
that only the plies with SOUT set to YES are considered in the evaluation of this
maximum.
4.
TMANUF defines the thickness of one manufacturable ply. This parameter is used during
sizing optimization to automatically create discrete design variables such that the
thickness of the ply bundle is equal to a multiple of TMANUF.
5.
This card is represented as a ply in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PMASS
Bulk Data Entry
PMASS Scalar Mass Property
Description
Defines the mass value of a scalar mass element (CMASS1 or CMASS3 entry).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PMASS
PID1
M1
PID2
M2
PID3
M3
PID4
M4
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PMASS
4.29
13.2
Field
Contents
PIDi
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Mi
Value of scalar mass.

(Real)
Comments
1.
Mass values are defined directly on the CMASS2 entry, and therefore do not require a
PMASS entry.
2.
Up to four mass values may be defined by this entry.
3.
Altair Engineering

PRBODY
Bulk Data Entry
PRBODY Rigid Body Definition for Multi-body Simulation
Description
Defines a rigid body out of a list of finite element properties, elements and grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
PRBODY
BID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
TYPE2
ID1
ID2
TYPE#
IXY
IXZ
IYZ
C ID
(10)
BODY_NAME
TYPE1
MASS
INERTIA
IXX
IYY
IZZ
C OG
X,G
Example 1
(1)
(2)
PRBODY
3
PSHELL
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ARM1
23
21

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PBEAM
59
48
C ONM2
2345
GRID
400
401
402
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PRBODY
11
13
15
22
99
88
130.0
123.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Example 2
PBAR
LEVER
10
44
MASS
100.0
INERTIA
120.0
C OG
29
Field
Contents
BID

BODY_NAME
Unique body name. This body name for this PRBODY.

Default = OUTFILE_body_<BID> (Character string)
TYPE#
type. All property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3,
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
No default (PBAR, PBARL, PBEAM, PBEAML, PBUSH, PCOMP, PCOMPP,
PCOMPG, PDAMP, PELAS, PGAP, PROD, PSHEAR, PSHELL, PSOLID,
PVISC, PWELD, CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR, RROD,
GRID)
ID#

MASS
Flag to overwrite the finite element mass of the body. Indicates that
a mass value is to follow.
Mass.
(Real > 0.0)
INERTIA
Flag to overwrite the finite element inertia of the body. Indicates

that the inertia properties are to follow.
IXX,IYY,IZZ,
IXY,IXZ,IYZ
Moments of inertia.
(For IXX, IYY, IZZ Real > 0.0; For IXY, IXZ, IYZ Real)
CID
Coordinate system identification number to define the orientation of

the inertia tensor.
COG
Flag to overwrite the finite element center of gravity of the body.

Indicates that the center of gravity is to follow.
X, Y, Z
Location of the center of gravity.

(Real)
Grid point identification number to optionally supply X, Y, and Z.

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
Any number of property definitions; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBAR, RBE2, RBE3 or RROD

Altair Engineering
2.
3.
A property definition; CELAS2, CONM2, PLOTEL, RBE2, RBE3, RBAR or RROD element or grid
point can only belong to one rigid or flexible body.
4.
All property definitions, elements and grid points defined on a PRBODY bulk data entry
form one rigid body. The mass and inertia properties are defined by the finite element and
mass properties unless they are overwritten by the mass and inertia properties given on
the continuation lines.
5.
The mass, inertia and center of gravity input is optional if element/property information is
provided in the PRBODY definition.
6.
If one of MASS, INERTIA or COG continuations is provided, all three continuations must be
provided.
7.
8.
MASS must be positive non-zero values.
9.
If just the principal inertia is specified, IXX, IYY, and IZZ must be positive non-zero
values and they must satisfy the condition: the sum of two inertia values must be greater
than the third (IXX + IYY > IZZ, IYY+IZZ > IXX, IZZ+IXX > IYY).
Altair Engineering

PRETENS
Bulk Data Entry
PRETENS 1D or 3D Bolt Pretension Section
Description
Defines 1D or 3D pretensioned bolt section.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PRETENS
SID
EID
SURFID
NTYP
G1/X1/
C ID
G2 / X2
G3 / X3
SPNTID
Examples
1D pretensioned bolt:
(1)
(2)
(3)
PRETENS
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
3D pretensioned bolt:
(1)
(2)
PRETENS
(3)
Field
Contents
SID
Unique section identification number.
EID
Element identification number of a bar, beam or rod element for defining

1D pretensioned bolt.
(Integer > 0 for 1D pretensioned bolt, or blank for 3D pretensioned bolt)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
SURFID
Identifier of SURF card which defines cutting section of 3D pretensioned

bolt.
(Integer > 0 for 3D pretensioned bolt, or blank for 1D pretensioned bolt)
See comment 2.
NTYP
Type of determination of normal to the pretension section. See

comment 3.
AUTO automatic determination based on the configuration of the
pretension section.
GRIDS use G1, G2, G3 to define the plane of pretension normal to
this plane defines the pretension direction.
VECTOR use the vector X1, X2, X3 to define pretension direction.
CID use prescribed coordinate system.
Default = blank = AUTO (AUTO, GRIDS, VECTOR, or CID).
G1, G2, G3
Three grid identifiers that define the plane where its normal is the
direction of the bolt.
Default = blank (Integer > 0). When prescribed, all three nodes must
be prescribed.
X1, X2, X3
Coordinates, in basic system, of the vector that defines direction of

pretension.
Default = blank (Real). The length of the vector must be non-zero.
CID
Identifier of a coordinate system that defines direction of pretension.

For rectangular system, the local x-axis defines the pretension
direction;
For cylindrical and spherical systems, the local z-axis defines the
pretension direction.
Default = blank (Integer > 0).
SPNTID
SPOINT that defines the DOF containing the pretension deformation and
load.
Default is not to output the pretension deformation in results files.
Comments
1.
Each 1D pretension section defines only one element.
Altair Engineering

2.
A surface defined by SURFID should be constructed by solid elements on the same side of
the surface.
3.
The default direction of pretension is defined automatically from the configuration of the
pretension section.
For 1D elements, it is along the axis of the respective 1D element.
For 3D pretension, it is defined as the average normal to the respective SURFace
(average of respective element normals).

Altair Engineering
PRETPRM
Bulk Data Entry
PRETPRM Parameters for 1D and 3D bolt pretensioning
Description
Defines parameters that control initial loading conditions on pretension sections for 1D and 3D
bolt pretensioning. These parameters also control the printing of diagnostic information about
pretension sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PRETPRM
PARAM1
VAL1
PARAM2
VAL2
- etc -
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PRETPRM
INILOAD
ZEROF
PRTSW
YES
Field
Contents
PARM#
Name of the parameter
VAL#
Value of the parameter
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Parameter
Description
Values
INILOAD
Defines the handling of initial loading conditions

on pretension sections that have been defined,
but not yet explicitly loaded via PRETENSION
command.
"ZEROF or ZEROA
Default = ZEROF
Altair Engineering

Parameter
Description
Values
PRTSW
Switch for printing diagnostic information about

<YES, NO>
Default = NO

Altair Engineering
PRETPRM, INILOAD
Parameter
INILOAD
Values
Description
"ZEROF or ZEROA
Default = ZEROF
Defines the handling of initial loading conditions

on pretension sections that have been defined,
but not yet explicitly loaded via PRETENSION
command.
If ZEROF, in a pretensioning subcase, for any
pretension section without pretension load, zero
force will be applied. This is equivalent to
prescribing zero PTFORCE.
If ZEROA, zero relative deformation is
enforced on the pretension section defined
above. This is equivalent to prescribing zero
PTADJST.
Altair Engineering

PRETPRM, PRTSW
Parameter
PRTSW
Values
Description
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
Switch for printing diagnostic information about

If NO, diagnostic information will not be printed.
If YES, diagnostic information will be printed to
the .out file.

Altair Engineering
PROD
Bulk Data Entry
PROD Rod Property
Description
Defines the properties of a rod, which is referenced by the CROD entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PROD
PID
MID
NSM
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PROD
17
23
42.6
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.5
Field
Contents
PID
Unique rod property identification number.

MID

Area of rod.
No default (Real)
Torsional constant.
No default (Real)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Coefficient to determine torsional stress.

NSM

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
All rod property entries must have unique property identification numbers.
3.
Torsional stress is calculated as follows:
CM
J
Where,
is the torsional moment
C is the coefficient specified in field C

J is the torsional constant specified in field J
4.

Altair Engineering
PSEAM
Bulk Data Entry
PSEAM CSEAM Element Property
Description
Define properties of connector (CSEAM) elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PSEAM
PID
MID
TYPE
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PSEAM
30
LINE
0.8
Field
Contents
PID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

MID
Material identification number of a MAT1 or MAT9 entry. See comment 1.

TYPE
Type of seam weld generated.

Default = LINE (Character)
Width of the seam weld. See comment 2.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Thickness of the seam weld. See comment 3.

Comments
1.
Material MID is used to calculate the stiffness of the connector (the fictitious CHEXA).
MID can only refer to the MAT1 or MAT9 bulk data entry.
2.
The distance between GS and GE is the length of the element. The width of the seam
weld is measured perpendicular to the length and lies in the plane of Shell A or B. See
figure below.
3.
If the entry of T is left blank, the thickness of this seam weld will be calculated as the
averaged thickness of Shell A and B.
4.

Altair Engineering
PSEC
Bulk Data Entry
PSEC Section Property Definition
Description
Defines property information for planar section elements used in the definition of arbitrary
beam cross-sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PSEC
PID
MID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PSEC
100
0.1
(5)
Field
Contents
PID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

MID
Identification number of a material definition.

Thickness.
Comments
1.
All property identification numbers within a section definition must be unique with respect
to all other property identification numbers within the same section definition.
Altair Engineering

2.

Altair Engineering
PSHEAR
Bulk Data Entry
PSHEAR Shear Panel Property
Description
Defines the properties of a shear panel.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PSHEAR
PID
MID
NSM
F1
F2
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PSHEAR
21
.001
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
PID
Unique shear property identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
MID
Material identification number of a MAT1 entry.

(Integer > 0)
Thickness of shear panel.
NSM

(Real)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
F1
Effectiveness factor for extensional stiffness along edges 1-2 and 3-4. See
comment 2.
F2
Effectiveness factor for extensional stiffness along edges 2-3 and 1-4. See
comment 2.
Comments
1.
The effective extensional area is defined by means of equivalent rods on the perimeter of
the element. If F1 < 1.01, the areas of the rods on edges 1-2 and 3-4 are set equal to
(F1 T PA)/(L12 + L34), where PA is the panel surface areas - half the vector
cross product area of the diagonals - and L12 and L34 are the lengths of sides 1-2 and 34. Thus, if F1 = 1.0, the panel is fully effective for extension in the 1-2 direction. If F1 >
1.01, the areas of the rods on edges 1-2 and 3-4 are each set equal to 0.5 F1 T.
Extensional Area for Shear Panel
Thus, if F1 = 30, the effective width of skin contributed by the panel to the flanges on
edges 1-2 and 3-4 is equal to 15T. The significance of F2 for edges 2-3 and 1-4 is
similar.
2.
Poisson's ratio coupling for extensional effects is ignored.
3.

Altair Engineering
PSHELL
Bulk Data Entry
PSHELL Shell Element Property
Description
Defines the membrane, bending, transverse shear, and membrane-bending coupling of shell
elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PSHELL
PID
MID1
MID2
12I/T3
MID3
TS/T
NSM
Z1
Z2
MID4
T0
ZOFFS
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PSHELL
203
204
1.90
205
1.2
206
0.8
6.32
+.95
-.95
(10)
0.1
Field
Contents
PID
Unique shell element property identification number.

(Integer > 0)
MID1
Material identification number for membrane. See comment 3.

(Integer > 0)
Default value for the membrane thickness (Real > 0.0). If T0 is defined for
topology optimization, T is the total thickness.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
MID2
Material identification number for bending. See comment 3.

(Integer > -1 or blank)
12I/T3
Bending stiffness parameter.

Default = 1.0 (Real > 0.0 or blank)
MID3
Material identification number for transverse shear. See comment 3.

(Integer > 0 or blank, must be blank unless MID2 > 0)
TS/T
Transverse shear thickness divided by the membrane thickness.

Default = .833333 (Real > 0.0 or blank)
NSM

(Real)
Z1,Z2
Fiber distances for stress computation. The positive direction is determined by

the right hand rule and the order in which the grid points are listed on the
connection entry.
(Real or blank, See comment 7 for defaults)
MID4
Material identification number for membrane-bending coupling.

(Integer > 0 or blank, must be blank unless MID1>0 and MID2>0, may not be
equal to MID1 or MID2). See comments 10 and 11.
T0
The base thickness of the elements in topology optimization. Only for MAT1,
T0 can be >0.0. If T0 is blank, then the elements are not included in the
topology design volume or space.
(Real > 0.0 or blank for MAT1, Real = 0.0 or blank for MAT2, MAT8)
ZOFFS
Offset from the plane defined by element grid points to the shell reference
plane.
Real or Character Input (Top/Bottom). See comment 15.
Comments
1.
All shell element property entries must have unique identification numbers.

Altair Engineering
2.
The structural mass is computed from the density using the membrane thickness and
membrane material properties.
3.
MID1 cannot be left blank. The effect of leaving an MID2 or MID3 field blank is:
MID2
(If left blank)
Pure membrane in plane stress no bending, coupling, or transverse

shear stiffness. MID3 and MID4 must also be blank.
MID3
(If left blank)
No transverse shear deformation is considered (this is actually

accomplished by enforcing very high transverse shear stiffness).
If MID2 = -1
Plane strain. In-plane stiffness only. No bending or transverse shear

stiffness. See comments 13 and 14.
4.
The continuation is not required.
5.
This entry is used in connection with the CTRIA3, CQUAD4, CTRIA6, and CQUAD8 entries.
6.
PSHELL entries may reference MAT1, MAT2, MAT4, MAT5, and MAT8 material property
entries.
7.
The default for Z1 is -T/2, and for Z2 it is +T/2. T is the local plate thickness, defined by
T on this entry. For free-sizing optimization, Z1 and Z2 definitions are ignored and the
defaults of T/2 and +T/2 are used for each element.
8.
If MID3 references a MAT2 material, then G33 on the MAT2 data must be blank.
9.
If MID3 references a MAT8 material, then G1Z and G2Z must not be blank.
10. MID4 provides a way to represent shells with offset (shell element centerline being offset
from the plane of the grid points) or shells with material properties that are not symmetric
with respect to the middle surface of the shell. However, whenever possible, the
preferred method of representing such shells is through the use of element offset ZOFFS
or the composite property PCOMP. This is because MID4 does not provide sufficient
information about the shell structure to correctly calculate all respective results,
specifically:
The shell stresses calculated in the presence of MID4 are generally incorrect, as they
do not reflect the actual shell offset or the non-uniform material structure.
The effects of MID4 are not considered in the calculation of differential stiffness.
Hence, it is recommended that MID4 be left blank in buckling analysis.
11. If MID4 points to a MAT2 card with a material ID greater than 400,000,000, then the
thermal membrane-bending coefficients A1, A2, and A12 have a modified interpretation,
and represent [G]*[alpha] rather then [alpha]. Here, [G] is a matrix composed of G11,
G22,G33. This is to maintain consistency with respective terms generated internally by
the PCOMP card.
12. Thermal expansion coefficients provided for materials referenced as MID2 or MID3 are
ignored in shell analysis - only the thermal expansion terms for materials referenced as
MID1 (membrane) and MID4 (coupling) are considered. Furthermore, the reference
temperature (TREF) for the shell property is taken from the material referenced as MID1 TREF's provided for other MID's are ignored.
Altair Engineering

13. Plane strain (MID2=-1) MID1 must reference a MAT1 entry.

14. In plane strain computations, in-plane loads are interpreted as line loads with a value
equal to the load, divided by the thickness. Thus, if a thickness of "1.0" is used, the
value of the line-load equals the load value. Pressure can be approximated with multiple
line loads where the pressure value equals the line-load, divided by the length between
the loads.
15. The shell reference plane can be offset from the plane defined by the element nodes by
Shell results, such as shell element forces, are output on the offset reference plane.
ZOFFS can be used in all types of analysis and optimization.
1. Real:
2. Surface:
value.
Top:
coplanar.
element. (The sign of the ZOFFS value would depend on the direction of the offset with
respect to the positive z-axis of the element coordinate system, as defined in the Real
section). See Figure 1.
Bottom:
coplanar.
element. (The sign of the ZOFFS value would depend on the direction of the offset with

Altair Engineering
respect to the positive z-axis of the element coordinate system, as defined in the Real
section). See Figure 2.
When ZOFFS is used, both MID1 and MID2 must be specified; otherwise singular matrices
would result.
Moreover, while offset is correctly applied in geometric stiffness matrix and thus can be
load, shown in Figure (a). With offset though, the loss of stability is gradual and
asymptotically reaches a limit load, as shown below in Figure (b).
Thus, the structure with offset can reach excessive deformation before the limit load is
Altair Engineering

PSHELLX
Bulk Data Entry
PSHELLX Optional SHELL Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional SHELL properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PSHELLX
PID
ISHELL
ISH3N
ISMSTR
NIP
HM
HF
HR
DM
DN
ITHIC K
IPLAS
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PSHELL
73
1.0
PSHELLX
73
24
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
PID
Property ID of the associated PSHELL. See comment 1.

ISHELL
Flag for CQUAD4 element formulation.

1 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass modes orthogonal to deformation and rigid
modes (Belytschko).
2 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass without orthogonality (Hallquist).

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
3 - Q4, elastic-plastic hourglass with orthogonality.
4 - Q4 with improved type 1 formulation (orthogonalization for warped
elements).
12 - QBAT or DKT18 shell formulation.
24 - QEPH shell formulation.
ISH3N
Flag for CTRIA3 element formulation.

1 - Standard triangle (C0).
2 - Standard triangle (C0) with modification for large rotation.
30 - DKT18.
31 - DKT_S3.
ISMSTR

1 - Small strain from time = 0.
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with optional small strain formulation activation
by time step XSTEP, TYPEi = SHELL, TSCi = CST.
3 - Alternative small strain formulation from time = 0 (ISHELL =2 only).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity (Time step limit has no effect).
NIP
Number of integration points through the thickness. NIP = 0 defines global

integration.
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (0 < Integer < 10)
HM
Shell membrane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).

Default = 0.01 (Real, 0.0 < HM < 0.05)
HF
Shell out of plane hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).

Default = 0.01 (0.0 < Real < 0.05)
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Field
Contents
HR
Shell rotation hourglass coefficient (ISHELL = 1, 2, 3, and 4 only).

Default = 0.01 (0.0 < Real < 0.05)
DM
Shell membrane damping (with MATX27 and MATX36 only).

DN
Shell numerical damping (ISHELL = 12, 24, ISH3N = 30 only)

ITHICK

Default as defined by XSHLPRM (CONST or VAR)
CONST - Thickness is constant.
VAR - Thickness change is taken into account.
IPLAS
Flag for shell plane stress plasticity (with MATX2, MATX27, and MATX36 only).
Default as defined by XSHLPRM (RAD or NEWT)
RAD - Radial return.
NEWT - Iterative projection with 3 Newton iterations.
Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PSHELL bulk data entry.
Only one PSHELLX property extension can be associated with a particular PSHELL.
2.
PSHELLX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.

QBAT: Modified BATOZ Q4g 24 shell with 4 Gauss integration points and reduced

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4.
If the small strain option (ISMSTR) is set to 1 or 3, engineering strain and stress are
used; otherwise they are true strain and stress.
5.
ISHELL = 2 is incompatible with NIP = 1.
6.
Global integration (NIP = 0) is only compatible with MAT1, MATS1, MATX2, and MATX36.
7.
For MAT1, membrane only behavior happens if NIP = 1. Otherwise, NIP is ignored and
global integration (NIP = 0) is used.
8.
For ITHICK = VAR it is recommended to use IPLAS = NEWT.
9.
If ITHICK = VAR or IPLAS = NEWT, the small strain option is automatically deactivated.
10. For MATX2, the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS = RAD.
11. For MATS1, MATX36 the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS =
NEWT.
12. Defaults for DM:
Material
Element type
ISHELL/ISH3N Default
MATX27
except QEPH, QBAT
except 12, 24
5%
QEPH
24
1.5%
QBAT
12
0%
except QEPH
except 24
0%
QEPH
24
1.5%
MATX36
13. Defaults for DN:

Element type ISHELL/ISH3N
Default
Usage
QBAT
12
0.1%
All stress terms, except transverse

shear.
QEPH
24
1.5%
Hourglass stress.
DKT18
12/30
0.01%
Membrane stress only.
14. This card is represented as an extension to a PSHELL property in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

PSLDX6
Bulk Data Entry
PSLDX6 Optional SOLID Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional orthotropic SOLID properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PSLDX6
PID
ISOLID
NIP
ISMSTR
IC PRE
IFRAME
DN
QS
QB
HV
DTMIN
C ID
IP
IORTH
Vx
Vy
Vz
THETA
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PSOLID
77
PSLDX6
77
24
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PID
Property ID of the associated PSOLID. See comment 1.
(9)
(10)

ISOLID
Flag for solid elements formulation.

Default as defined by XSOLPRM (Integer)
1 - Standard 8-node solid element, 1 integration point. Viscous
hourglass formulation with orthogonal and rigid deformation modes
compensation (Belytschko).

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Field
Contents
hourglass formulation without orthogonality (Hallquist).
12 - Standard 8-node solid, full integration (no hourglass).
14 - HA8 locking-free 8-node solid element, co-rotational, full
integration, variable number of Gauss points.
17 - H8C compatible solid full integration formulation.
24 - HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated (1
Gauss point) with physical stabilization.
NIP
Number of integration points (ISOLID = 14 and 16 only).

Default as defined by XSOLPRM (Integer = ijk)
2 < i, j, k < 9
< 3, 2 < j < 9
for ISOLID =14

for ISOLID =16
where:
i = Number of integration points in local x direction.
j = Number of integration points in local y direction.
k = Number of integration points in local z direction.
ISMSTR
Flag for small strain formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 14, and 24 only).

2 - Full geometric non-linearity with small strain formulation activation
by time step.
3 - Simplified small strain formulation from time=0 (non-objective
formulation).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity. Time step limit has no effect.
10 - Lagrange type total strain.
ICPRE
Flag for reduced pressure integration (ISOLID = 14 and 24 only).

Default = OFF (ON, OFF, or VAR)
VAR - Variable state between ICPRE = ON and ICPRE = OFF in
function of plasticity state.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
IFRAME
Flag for element coordinate system formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 12,

and 17 only).
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (ON or OFF)
DN
Numerical damping for stabilization (ISOLID =24 only).

QS
Quadratic bulk viscosity.

QB
Linear bulk viscosity.

HV
Hourglass viscosity coefficient.

Default = 0.1 (0.0 < Real < 0.15)
DTMIN
Minimum time step.

CID
Coordinate system identification number to define orthotropic

directions.
(Integer > 0)
IP
Reference plane.
0 - Use CID (CID must be different from 0)
1 - Plane (r,s) and angle THETA
2 - Plane (s,t) and angle THETA
3 - Plane (t,r) and angle THETA
11 - Plane (r,s) and orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx,
Vy, and Vz) on plane (r,s)
12 - Plane (s,t) and orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx,

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Vy, and Vz) on plane (s,t)
13 - Plane (t,r) and orthogonal projection of reference vector (Vx,
Vy, and Vz) on plane (t,r)
IORTH
Flag for orthotropic system formulation.

(Integer = 0, 1)
0 - The first axis of orthotropy is maintained at constant angle with
respect to the orthonormal co-rotational element coordinate system.
1 - The first orthotropy direction is constant with respect to a nonorthonormal isoparametric coordinates.
Vx
X component for reference vector.

(Real)
Vy
Y component for reference vector.

(Real)
Vz
Z component for reference vector.

(Real)
THETA
Orientation angle in degrees of orthotropic with first reference plane

direction.
Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PSOLID bulk data entry.
Only one PSLDX6 property extension can be associated with a particular PSOLID.
2.
PSLDX6 is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
PSLDX6 is only compatible with 8-node linear solid elements. Quadratic 20-node brick and
6-node pentahedron elements are not compatible, these element types should only be
used with PSOLIDX.
4.
The ISOLID flag is not used with CTETRA elements. For elements with 4 and 10 nodes,
the number of integration points is fixed at 1 and 4, respectively.
Altair Engineering

5.
For fully-integrated solids (SOLID =12), the deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss
points; bulk behavior is under-integrated to avoid element locking. It is currently
compatible with material MAT1, MATS1, MATX33, and MATX36.
6.
With the small strain option (ISMSTR), strain and stress is engineering strain and stress.
Otherwise, it is true strain and stress.
7.
In time history and animation files, the stress tensor is written in the co-rotational frame.
8.
Fully-integrated elements (ISOLID =12) only use full geometric non-linearity (corresponds
to ISMSTR = 4). Time step limit has no effect.
9.
ISMSTR =10 is only compatible with materials using total strain formulation (MATX42).
10. The time step control XSTEP, TYPEi = SOLID, TSCi = CST only works on elements with
ISMSTR =2.
11. Co-rotational formulation: For ISOLID = 1, 2, 12 and IFRAME = ON, the stress tensor is
computed in a co-rotational coordinate system. This formulation is more accurate if large
rotations are involved. It comes at the expense of higher computation cost. It is
recommended in case of elastic or visco-elastic problems with important shear
deformations. The co-rotational formulation is compatible with 8 node solids.
12. For HA8 (ISOLID = 14) elements: this element uses a locking-free general solid
formulation, co-rotational. The number of Gauss points is defined by NIP flag: for
example, combined with NIP = 222 gives an 8 Gauss integration point element, similar to
ISOLID = 12. The HA8 formulation is compatible with all material laws. Under-integration
for pressure should be used (ICPRE = ON in case of elastic or visco-elastic material; ICPRE
= VAR in case of elasto-plastic material).
13. For H8C (SOLID = 17) elements: Their brick deviatoric behavior is the same as ISOLID =
12, but the bulk behavior can be chosen with ICPRE, and is compatible with all solid type
material laws. ICPRE = VAR is the default value and ICPRE = OFF will not reduce pressure
integration.
14. For HEPH (ISOLID = 24) elements: This element uses an hourglass formulation similar to
QEPH shell elements.
15. ICPRE = VAR is only available for elasto-plastic material law.
16. The hourglass formulation is viscous for ISOLID = 0, 1, and 2.
17. Hourglass viscosity coefficient, HV is not active with 8 point integration.
18. This card is represented as an extension to a PSOLID property in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PSOLID
Bulk Data Entry
PSOLID Solid Element Property
Description
Defines the properties of solid elements, referenced by CHEXA, CPENTA, CPYRA and CTETRA
bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PSOLID
PID
MID
C ORDM
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
ISOP
FC TN
DS
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PSOLID
100
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
PID
Unique solid element property identification number.

MID
Identification number of a MAT1, MAT4, MAT5, MAT9, MAT10 or

MATPE1 bulk data entry.
CORDM
MID of material coordinate system. The default is 0, which is the

Default = 0 (Integer > -1)
ISOP
Special integration schemes for elasto-plastic nonlinear quasi-static

analysis. The values available are:
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
FULL full integration, using the same integration schemes as for
linear applications.
MODPLAST (default) uses special handling of pressure
approximation, designed to circumvent the volumetric locking due to
incompressibility of plastic flow. The specific details differ depending
on the type and order of the element.
REDPLAST besides special handling for pressure approximation, uses
reduced integration for second-order hexa and penta, and for 8noded hexa elements (reduced integration is not practically viable in
other element types, since it would create extensive spurious
modes).
(Character: FULL, MODPLAST, REDPLAST or blank)
FCTN
Fluid element flag.

SMECH indicates a structural element; PFLUID indicates a fluid
element. PORO indicates poro-elastic material.
Default = SMECH (SMECH, PFLUID or PORO)
DS
Design switch. If non-zero, the elements associated with this PSOLID

data are included in the topology design volume or space.
Not valid for fluid elements.
Comments
1.
All solid element property entries must have unique ID numbers.
2.
Special integration flags MODPAST and REDPLAST affect only elasto-plastic materials (as
identified by presence of MATS1) in nonlinear quasi-static subcases. They do not affect
element behavior in linear analysis.
3.
The FULL option in the ISOP field provides stable and convergent results, although it may
appear stiff and converge rather slowly in cases of significant plastic deformation.
MODPLAST uses special handling for volumetric pressure term, in effect providing good
resolution of plastic flow while avoiding excessive flexibility that would lead to spurious
modes. REDPLAST adds further release of locking tendencies and usually the softest
behavior. It may, theoretically, exhibit spurious deformation modes in single unattached
elements, although in practice these modes should vanish in fields of many elements.

Altair Engineering
4.
If FCTN = 'PFLUID', then the MID must reference a MAT10 entry. If FCTM=PORO, then
MID must reference a poro-elastic material entry.
5.
Stresses are calculated in the material coordinate system. The material coordinate
system may be defined as the basic coordinate system (CORDM = 0), a defined system
(CORDM = Integer > 0), or the element coordinate system (CORDM = -1). Refer to the
CHEXA, CPENTA, CPYRA and CTETRA pages of the Reference Guide for details on how the
material coordinate system is defined for each element.
6.
If the material referenced by MID is a MAT9 material definition, then CORDM defines the
material coordinate system for Gij on the MAT9 entry.
7.
Altair Engineering

PSOLIDX
Bulk Data Entry
PSOLID Optional SOLID Property Extension for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines additional SOLID properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PSOLIDX
PID
ISOLID
NIP
ISMSTR
IC PRE
IFRAME
DN
QS
QB
HV
DTMIN
LAMBDAV
MUV
IHKT
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
PSOLID
77
PSOLIDX
77
24
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
PID
Property ID of the associated PSOLID. See comment 1.
(9)
(10)

ISOLID


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
16 - Quadratic 20-node solid, full integration, variable number of
Gauss points.
24 - HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated (1
Gauss point) with physical stabilization.
NIP
Number of integration points (ISOLID = 14, 16 only).

Default as defined by XSOLPRM (Integer = ijk)
2 < i, j, k < 9
< 3, 2 < j < 9
for ISOLID =14

for ISOLID =16
where:
ISMSTR

2 - Full geometric non-linearity with small strain formulation activation
by time step.
formulation).
ICPRE
Flag for reduced pressure integration (ISOLID = 14, 17, and 24 only).
Default = OFF for ISOLID = 14, 24, ON for ISOLID = 17 (ON, OFF, or
VAR)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
VAR - Variable state between ICPRE = ON and ICPRE = OFF in
function of plasticity state.
IFRAME
Flag for element coordinate system formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 12, 17

only).
Default as defined by XSOLPRM (ON or OFF)
DN
Numerical damping for stabilization (ISOLID =24 only).

QS
Quadratic bulk viscosity.

QB
Linear bulk viscosity.

HV
Hourglass viscosity coefficient.

Default = 0.1 (0.0 < Real < 0.15)
DTMIN
Minimum time step.

LAMBDAV
Numerical Navier Stokes viscosity

No default (Real)
MUV
Numerical Navier Stokes viscosity

No default (Real)
IHKT
Hourglass tangent modulus flag (ISOLID = 24 only)

1 - Elastic modulus or numerical tangent modulus estimation.
2 - Advanced tangent modulus estimation.

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
The property identification number must be that of an existing PSOLID bulk data entry.
Only one PSOLIDX property extension can be associated with a particular PSOLID.
2.
PSOLIDX is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
The ISOLID flag is not used with CTETRA elements. For these elements with four and ten
nodes, the number of integration points is fixed at one and four, respectively.
4.
For fully integrated solids (SOLID =12), the deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss
5.
6.
7.
Fully integrated elements (ISOLID =12) only uses full geometric non-linearity (corresponds
8.
ISMSTR = 10 is only compatible with materials using total strain formulation (MATX42).
9.
The time step control XSTEP, TYPEi = SOLID, TSCi = CST only works on elements with
ISMSTR = 2.
11. HA8 (ISOLID = 14) elements: this element uses a locking-free general solid formulation,
co-rotational. The number of Gauss points is defined by NIP flag: for example, combined
with NIP = 222 gives an 8 Gauss integration point element, similar to ISOLID = 12. The
HA8 formulation is compatible with all material laws. Under-integration for pressure should
be used (ICPRE = ON in case of elastic or visco-elastic material; ICPRE = VAR in case of
elasto-plastic material).
12. H8C (SOLID = 17) elements: Their brick deviatoric behavior is the same as ISOLID = 12,
but the bulk behavior can be chosen with ICPRE, and is compatible with all solid type
material laws. ICPRE = VAR is the default value and ICPRE = OFF will not reduce pressure
integration.
13. HEPH (ISOLID = 24) elements: This element uses an hourglass formulation similar to QEPH
shell elements.
14. ICPRE = VAR is only available for elasto-plastic material law.
16. Hourglass viscosity coefficient HV is not active with 8 point integration.
Altair Engineering

17. It is recommended to use IHKT=2 (ISOLID=24) and Lagrange type total strain, ISMSTR=10
for foam or rubber materials, like MATX42 and MATX82. For elasto-plastic type material,
IHKT=2 will have a tighter yield stress criterion for an hourglass stress computation.
18. This card is represented as an extension to a PSOLID property in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
PTADD
Bulk Data Entry
PTADD Pretension Load Combination (Superposition)
Description
Defines a pretension load as a linear combination of load sets defined via PTFORCE, PTFORC1,
PTADJST and PTADJS1 entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PTADD
PSID
S1
L1
S2
L2
S3
L3
S4
L4
(10)
-etc-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PTADD
2.0
3.0
2.0
Field
Contents
PSID
Pretensioning load set identification number.
Scale factor. (See comment 1)
(8)
(9)
(10)
No default (Real)
Si
Scale factor. (See comment 1)

No default (Real)
Li
Pretension load set identification number defined via entry types

enumerated above. (See comment 1)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1. The pretension load as a linear combination is defined by:
Where,
S and Si are the scale factors.
Li is the pretension load set defined via PTFORCE, PTFORC1, PTADJST andPTADJS1
entries.

Altair Engineering
PTADJS1
Bulk Data Entry
PTADJS1 Pretension Adjustment Definition, Alternate Form
Description
Defines adjustment (additional shortening) on a set of pretension sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PTADJS1
PSID
ADJ
SID1
SID2
SID3
SID4
SID5
SID6
SID7
SID8
SID9
-etc-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PTADJS1
0.05
(7)
Field
Contents
PSID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
ADJ
Adjustment applied on this section (positive value means shortening).

See comment 2.
(Real)
SIDi
Pretension section identification number.

(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
PTADJS1 can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.
2.
Pretensioning adjustment shortens the pretensioned bolt by removing the prescribed

amount of material. This represents the effect of turning the nut by a prescribed
distance (number of turns).
3.
Pretensioning adjustment is an additional shortening applied to a pretension section. This

means that, when adjustment is applied to a section that has already been pretensioned,
the final effect will be a sum of the status reached in the preceding pretensioning
subcase plus the amount of ADJ.

Altair Engineering
PTADJST
Bulk Data Entry
PTADJST Pretensioning Adjustment
Description
PTADJST defines the adjustment (shortening) on a pretension section.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PTADJST
PSID
SID
ADJ
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PTADJST
0.5
(5)
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
PSID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
SID

(Integer > 0)
ADJ
Adjustment applied on this section (positive value means shortening).

See comment 2.
(Real)
Comments
1.
PTADJST can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.
Altair Engineering

2.
Pretensioning adjustment shortens the pretensioned bolt by removing the prescribed

amount of material. This represents the effect of turning the nut by a prescribed
distance (number of turns).
3.
Pretensioning adjustment using PTADJST can also be used to define additional shortening
to a pretensioned section. Therefore, when adjustment is applied to a section that has
already been pretensioned, the final effect will be a sum of the status reached in the
preceding pretensioning subcase plus the amount of adjustment through PTADJST.

Altair Engineering
PTFORCE
Bulk Data Entry
PTFORCE Pretensioning Force
Description
Defines pretensioning force on pretension section.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PTFORC E
PSID
SID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PTFORC E
0.5
(5)
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
PSID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
SID

(Integer > 0)
Pretensioning force applied on this section. (Positive value creates

tension). See comment 2.
(Real)
Comments
1.
PTFORCE can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase

directly.
Altair Engineering

2.
Pretensioning force is actually a pair of forces, applied to the opposite sides of the
pretension section. This represents the effect of tightening the nut by a prescribed
longitudinal force (which is related to the applied torque).

Altair Engineering
PTFORC1
Bulk Data Entry
PTFORC1 Pretensioning Force Definition, Alternate Form
Description
Defines pretensioning force on a set of pretension sections.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PTFORC 1
PSID
SID1
SID2
SID3
SID4
SID5
SID6
SID7
SID8
SID9
-etc-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
PTFORC 1
500.0
(7)
Field
Contents
PSID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
F
Pretensioning force applied on this set of sections. (Positive value

creates tension). See comment 2.
(Real)
SIDi

(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1. PTFORC1 can be referred by PTADD or by the PRETENSION command in the subcase
directly.
2. Pretensioning force is actually a pair of forces, applied to the opposite sides of the
pretension section. This represents the effect of tightening the nut by a prescribed
longitudinal force (which is related to the applied torque).

Altair Engineering
PTUBE
Bulk Data Entry
PTUBE Tube Property
Description
PTUBE defines the properties of a thin-walled cylindrical tube element, referenced by a CTUBE
entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
PTUBE
PID
MID
OD
NSM
OD2
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PTUBE
6.29
0.25
Field
Contents
PID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
MID

(Integer > 0)
OD
Outside diameter of tube.

(Real > 0.0)
Thickness of tube.
(Real; T < OD)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
NSM

(Real)
OD2
Diameter of tube at second grid point G2 on CTUBE entry. See comment

4.
Default = OD (OD or blank)
Comments
1.
If T is zero, a solid circular rod is assumed.
2.
All PTUBE entries must have unique property identification numbers.
3.
For structural problems, PTUBE entries may only reference MAT1 material entries.
4.
Tapered tubes are not allowed.
5.
PTUBE data is converted to PROD data as it is read. CTUBE data is converted to CROD
data.
6.

Altair Engineering
PVISC
Bulk Data Entry
PVISC Viscous Damping Element Property
Description
Defines properties of a one-dimensional viscous damping element (CVISC entry).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
PVISC
PID1
C E1
C R1
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
PID2
C E2
C R2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PVISC
6.2
3.94
(5)
Field
Contents
PID#
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

CE1, CE2
Viscous damping values for extension in units of force per unit

velocity.
No default (Real)
CR1, CR2
Viscous damping values for rotation in units of force per unit velocity.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
Viscous properties are material independent; in particular, they are temperature

independent.
Altair Engineering

2.
One or two viscous element properties may be defined on a single entry.
3.

Altair Engineering
PWELD
Bulk Data Entry
PWELD WELD Element Property
Description
Defines properties of connector (CWELD) elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PWELD
PID
MID
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
MSET
(10)
TYPE
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
PWELD
30
2.5
(5)
Field
Contents
PID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

MID

Diameter of the connector. See comment 1.

MSET
Flag to eliminate m-set degrees-of-freedom. See comment 2.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
TYPE
Indicates type of connection. See comment 3.

SPOT indicates spot weld connector.
blank indicates general connector.
Default = blank (SPOT or blank)
Comments
1.
Material MID, diameter D, and the length are used to calculate the stiffness of the
connector in 6 directions. MID can only refer to the MAT1 bulk data entry. The length is
the distance of GA to GB (see below).
Length and Diameter of Weld connector
2.
MSET = ON generates explicit m-set constraints. MSET = OFF (default) incorporates

constraints at the element stiffness matrix level avoiding explicit m-set constraint
equations. The exact same results will be obtained regardless of this choice.
3.
If TYPE="SPOT" and if the formats PARTPAT, ELPAT, or ELEMID on the CWELD entry are
used, then the effective length for the stiffness of the CWELD element is set to
regardless of the distance GA to GB. t A and t B are the shell thicknesses of
shell A and B respectively. For all other cases, the effective length of the CWELD
element is equal to the true length, the distance of GA and GB, as long as the ratio of

Altair Engineering
length to diameter is in the range 0.2 < L/D 5.0. If L is below the range, the effective
length is set to Le = 0.2D and if L is above the range, the effective length is set to Le =
5.0D.
4.
Altair Engineering

QBDY1
Bulk Data Entry
QBDY1 Heat Flux Boundary Condition (Form 1)
Description
Defines a uniform heat flux for CHBDYE elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
QBDY1
SID
Q0
EID1
EID2
EID3
EID4
EID5
EID6
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
QBDY1
SID
Q0
EID1
THRU
EID2
Field
Contents
SID
(10)

Q0
Heat flux into element.

No default (Real)
EID#
CHBDYE surface element identification numbers. With alternate format using

THRU EID2 > EID1.
Comments
1.
QBDY1 entries must be selected with the Case Control command LOAD=SID in order to be
used in static analysis. The total power into an element is given by the equation:
2.
The sign convention for Q0 is positive for heat input.

Altair Engineering
3.
This card is represented as a flux load in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

QVOL
Bulk Data Entry
QVOL Volume Heat Addition
Description
Defines a rate of volumetric heat addition in a conduction element.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
QVOL
SID
QVOL
EID6
...
(4)
...
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
EID1
EID2
EID3
EID4
EID5
...
...
...
...
...
(10)
...
Field
SID
Contents
QVOL
Power input per unit volume produced by a heat conduction element.

No default (Real)
EID#
A list of heat conduction elements.

No default (Integer > 0 or THRU or BY)
Comments
1.
EID# has material properties (MAT4/MAT5) that include HGEN, the scale factor for
volumetric heat generation. This association is made through the element EID.
2.
QVOL provides the constant volumetric heat generation rate. QVOL is positive for heat
generation. For steady-state analysis, the total power into an element is:
Where, HGEN is the scale factor from the MAT4 and MAT5 data.

Altair Engineering
3.
For use in steady-state analysis, the load set is selected with the Case Control command
LOAD=SID.
4.
This card is represented as a flux load in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

RADPRM
Bulk Data Entry
RADPRM Parameters definition entry for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines the parameters for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
RADPRM
PARAM1
VALUE1
PARAM5
VALUE5
(5)
(6)
PARAM2 VALUE2 PARAM3
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
VALUE3
PARAM4
VALUE4
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RADPRM
HMNAME
YES
RBE2RBD
YES
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
PARAMi
Name of parameter. See below for allowable names.
VALi
Value of parameter.
(8)
(9)
(10)
detailed parameter descriptions).
Parameter
Brief Description
Value
HMNAME
RADPRM, HMNAME controls the conversion of the YES or NO

component, property and material names in
Default = NO
RBE2RBD
RBE2 is converted to /RBE2 by default in

YES or NO
geometric nonlinear analysis. This parameter can

Altair Engineering
Parameter
Brief Description
Value
be used to convert RBE2 to /RBODY, instead of / Default = NO

RBE2.
Comments
1.
The parameters defined by RADPRM bulk card are only applied in geometric nonlinear
analysis subcases which are defined by ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN, or EXPDYN. It is
ignored for all other subcases.
Altair Engineering

RADPRM, HMNAME
Parameter
HMNAME
Values
Description
YES or NO
Default = NO
RADPRM, HMNAME controls the conversion of

the component, property and material names in
If YES, the converter will keep the component,
property and material names defined by
HyperMesh comments in the bulk model file, and
print them in a RADIOSS Starter file.
If NO, the converter will print intermediate
names automatically.

Altair Engineering
RADPRM, RBE2RBD
Parameter
RBE2RBD
Values
Description
YES or NO
Default = NO
RBE2 is converted to /RBE2 by default in

geometric nonlinear analysis. This parameter
can be used to convert RBE2 to /RBODY,
instead of /RBE2.
Note
RBE2 can be converted to /RBODY only if all six
degrees of freedom of the slave nodes are
dependent on the master node. Otherwise, the
solver errors out when RBE2RBD = YES. Note
that if the master node of the RBE2 is
connected to other elements or in the case of
hierarchical RBE2s, RADPRM, RBE2RBD activation
is not recommended.
Altair Engineering

RADSND
Bulk Data Entry
RADSND Defines Grids (microphone locations) where sound levels will be calculated and the
locations of the corresponding source (vibrating panel) grids.
Description
Defines a set of grid points where the sound will be calculated as well as the panels that are
generating the sound.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
RADSND
RSID
MSET
"PANEL"
PID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
PID
PID
- etc. -
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
RADSND
10
100
PANEL
101
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
103
Field
Contents
RSID
Radiated sound set ID.

MSET
ID of a SET of field grids (microphone locations) at which sound levels

will be calculated. The sound levels output at these grid points are due
to panel vibrations (specified separately in the PANEL and PIDi fields,
see comment 4).
PANEL
Flag indicating that the following panel IDs will contribute to the sound
at the MSET grids (see comment 4).

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Character (No default)
PIDi
Panel ID of the "PANELG" data entry of type "SOUND" data.

Comments
1.
At least the first panel ID is required.
2.
Multiple continuations or multiple RADSND with the same SID are allowed if more than 7
SOUND panels need to be defined.
3.
The RADSND bulk data entry is referenced by the RADSND command in the Subcase
Information section of the input data.
4.
The MSET and PIDi fields are used to specify the microphone locations (receiving grids)
and the vibrating panels (source grids) respectively.
RADSND data entry field
MSET
Description
References microphone grid sets (receiving grids).
Outputs are generally calculated at these locations.
PANEL, PIDi
Reference vibrating panel IDs (source grids).

Outputs can also be requested at these locations.
Altair Engineering

RANDPS
Bulk Data Entry
RANDPS Power Spectral Density Specification
Description
Defines load set power spectral density factors for use in random analysis having the
frequency dependent form S (F) = (X + iY) G(F).
jk
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RANDPS
SID
TID
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RANDPS
2.0
2.5
Field
Contents
SID
Random analysis set identification number.
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
J
Subcase identification number of excited load set.

(Integer > 0)
Subcase identification number of applied load set.

(Integer > 0; K > J)
X, Y
Components of complex number.

(Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
TID
Identification number of a TABRNDi entry which defines G(F).

Integer > 0
Comments
1.
If J = K, then Y must be 0.0.
2.
For TID = 0, G(F) = 1.0.
3.
Set identification number must be selected in the Subcase Information section (RANDOM
= SID) to activate the RANDPS data.
Altair Engineering

RANDT1
Bulk Data Entry
RANDT1 Autocorrelation Function Time Lag
Description
Defines time lag constants for use in random analysis autocorrelation function computation.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RANDT1
SID
T0
TMAX
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RANDT1
10
3.2
9.6
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
SID
Random analysis set identification number.
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
N
Number of time lag intervals.

(Integer > 0)
TO
Starting time lag.

(Real > 0.0)
TMAX
Maximum time lag.

(Real > TO)

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
At least one RANDPS entry must be present with the same set identification number.
2.
The time lags defined on this entry are given by
3.
Time lag sets must be selected in the Subcase Information section (RANDOM = SID) to
activate the RANDT1 data.
Altair Engineering

RBAR
Bulk Data Entry
RBAR Rigid Bar
Description
Defines a rigid bar with six degrees-of-freedom at each end.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RBAR
EID
GA
GB
C NA
C NB
C MA
C MB
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RBAR
234
123
(7)
Field
Contents
EID
GA,GB
(8)
(9)
(10)

CNA,CNB
Independent degrees-of-freedom in the global coordinate system for the

element at grid points GA and GB. Up to six unique digits (0 < digit < 6)
may be placed in each field with no embedded blanks, or the field may be
left blank. See comment 1.
CMA,CMB
Component numbers of dependent degrees-of-freedom in the global

coordinate system assigned by the element at grid points GA and GB. Up
to six unique digits (0 < digit < 6) may be placed in each field with no
embedded blanks, or the field may be left blank. See comment 2.

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
The total number of components in CNA and CNB must equal six, for example, CNA =
1236, CNB = 34. Furthermore, they must jointly be capable of representing any general
rigid body motion of the element.
2.
If both CMA and CMB are zero or blank, all of the degrees-of-freedom not in CNA and CNB
are made dependent.
3.
The degree of freedom declared dependent on this entry may not be:
Included in a single point constraint (SPC or SPC1).
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on any other RBAR, RBE1, RBE2, RBE3, or
RROD entry.
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on an MPC set referenced by a subcase.
4.
Element identification numbers must be unique.
5.
Rigid elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
6.
references on RBAR entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
7.
This card is represented as a weld element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

RBE1
Bulk Data Entry
RBE1 Rigid Body Element, Form 1
Description
Defines a rigid body connected to an arbitrary number of grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
RBE1
EID
GN1
C N1
GN2
C N2
GN3
C N3
GN4
C N4
GN5
C N5
GN6
C N6
GM1
C M1
GM2
C M2
GM3
C M3
GM4
C M4
GM5
C M5
etc.
"UM"
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
RBE1
14
100
123456
UM
101
123
(5)
(6)
102
123
Field
Contents
EID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
GNi
Grid points at which independent degrees-of-freedom for the element are

assigned.
No default (Integer or <PartName.number>) See comment 7.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
CNi
Independent degrees-of-freedom in the global coordinate system for the

rigid element at grid point(s) GNi.
UM
UM flag indicating the start of the dependent degrees-of-freedom.
GMi
Grid points at which dependent degrees-of-freedom for the element are

assigned.
No default (Integer or <PartName.number>) See comment 7.
CMi
Dependent degrees-of-freedom in the global coordinate system for the

rigid elements at grid point(s) GMi.
No default (Integers 1 through 6 with no embedded blanks)
Comments
1.
The total number of components in CN1 to CN6 must equal six; furthermore, they must
jointly be capable of representing and general rigid body motion of the element. The first
continuation entry is not required if there are fewer than four GN points.
2.
The degree-of-freedom declared dependent on this entry may not be:

RROD entry.
3.
A degree-of-freedom cannot be both independent and dependent for the same element.
However, both independent and dependent components can exist at the same grid point.
4.
5.
Rigid elements, unlike MPCs, may not be selected for use in individual subcases; they
apply to all subcases.
6.
7.
references on RBE1 entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
Altair Engineering

RBE2
Bulk Data Entry
RBE2 Rigid Body Element, Form 2
Description
Defines a rigid body whose independent degrees-of-freedom are specified at a single grid point
and whose dependent degrees-of-freedom are specified at an arbitrary number of grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
RBE2
EID
GN
CM
GM1
GM2
GM3
GM4
GM5
GM6
GM7
GM8
-etc.-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RBE2
12
10
12
14
15
16
(10)
20
Field
Contents
EID
GN
The grid point to which all six independent degrees-of-freedom for the
element are assigned.
CM
Component number of the dependent degrees of freedom in the global

coordinate system (local output coordinate system) at grid points GM1,
GM2, and so on. Up to six unique digits (1 < digit < 6) may be placed in
the field with no embedded blanks.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
GM1,GM2, etc. Grid points at which dependent degrees-of-freedom are assigned.

Comments
1.
The components indicated by CM are made dependent at all grid points, GMi.
2.

RROD entry.
3.
4.
5.
6.
This card is represented as a rigid or rigidlink element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

RBE3
Bulk Data Entry
RBE3 Interpolation Constraint Element
Description
Defines the motion at a "reference" grid point as the weighted average of the motions at a set
of other grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
RBE3
EID
blank
REFGRID
REFC
WT1
C1
G1,1
G1,2
G1,3
WT2
C2
G2,1
G2,2
etc.
WT3
C3
G3,1
G3,2
etc.
WT4
C4
G4,1
G4,2
etc.
"UM"
GM1
C M1
GM2
C M2
GM3
C M3
blank
blank
GM4
C M4
GM5
C M5
etc.
blank
Example
(1)
(2)
RBE3
14
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
100
1234
1.0
123
4.7
5.2
5.1
15
16
UM
15
123
13

(10)
Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
EID
REFGRID
Reference grid point. This is the dependent GRID. Some, or all, of the
dependent degrees-of-freedom of this grid can be made independent by
redefining all of the dependent degrees-of-freedom following the UM flag.
REFC
Global components of motion whose values will be computed at the reference

grid point. Any of the digits 1, 2, ..., 6 with no embedded blanks.
(Integer > 0)
WTi
Weighting factor for components of motion on the following entry at grid points
Gi,j.
(Real)
Ci
Global components of motion that have weighting factor WTi, at grid points Gi,j.
Any of the digits 1, 2, ..., 6, with no embedded blanks.
(Integer > 0)
Gi,j
Grid point whose components Ci have weighting factor WTi in the averaging
equations.
UM
Optional flag indicating that a data set redefining the entire dependent degreeof-freedom set is to follow. The default is that all of the components in REFC at
the reference grid point form the dependent degree-of-freedom set. See
GMi
Grid points with components in the redefined dependent degree-of-freedom set.

CMi
Components of motion at GMi in the redefined dependent degree-of-freedom set.

Any of the digits 1 through 6, with no embedded blanks.
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
It is recommended that for most applications only the translation components 123 be
used for Ci. An exception is the case where the Gij are collinear. A rotation component
may then be added to one grid point, to stabilize its associated rigid body mode for the
element.
2.
Blank spaces may be left at the end of a Gij sequence.
3.
The default for the dependent degree-of-freedom set should be used except in cases
where you want to redefine some or all REFC components as the dependent degree-offreedom set. If the default is not used for the dependent degree-of-freedom set:
The total number of components therein (that is, the total number of dependent
degrees-of-freedom defined by the element) must be equal to the number of
components in REFC (four components in the example).
The components therein must be a subset of the components mentioned in REFC and
Gij_Ci.
The coefficient matrix [Rm] in the constraints equation [RM] {um} + [Rn] {un} = 0
must be nonsingular, where um denotes the dependent degree-of-freedom set and un
denotes the independent degree-of-freedom set.
4. When the AMSES or AMLS eigenvalue solver is used, the UM data should be used when
loaded RBE3 have more than 500 DOF. Large loaded RBE3 will dramatically increase the
run times for AMSES or AMLS because the residual vectors will contain many DOF, unless
the UM data is used to make the loaded center GRID independent. When UM data is used,
the stiffness matrix becomes full for all the independent DOF of the RBE3, which can
increase the run time for very large RBE3. The number of grids can be reduced using a
HyperMesh macro. The macro is listed as Script 1068 in the Altair HyperWorks Script
Exchange:
www.altairhyperworks.com
5. UM data should not be used on large unloaded RBE3, as this will lead to an increase in the
run time.
6. Dependent degrees-of-freedom assigned by one rigid element may not also be assigned
dependent by another rigid element or by a multi-point constraint, and may not be
specified on SPC data.
7. In version 5.0, the RBE3 element calculation was modified in order to make the results
independent of the units used in the model. For this purpose, the weights of the
rotational degrees-of-freedom have been scaled by the square of the average distance
between the independent grid points and the reference point. This change will only affect
the results if independent grid points with rotational degrees-of-freedom exist in the RBE3
element. The previous RBE3 formulation can be enforced with the debug statement
debug, OLDRBE3,1.0.
8. Rigid elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.
9. Supported local entries in specific parts can be referenced by the use of fully qualified

Altair Engineering
10. This card is represented as an rbe3 element in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

RCROSS
Bulk Data Entry
RCROSS Cross-Power Spectral Density Functions Output
Description
Defines a pair of response quantities for computing the cross-power spectral density functions
in random response analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RC ROSS
SID
RTYPE1
ID1
C OMP1
RTYPE2
ID2
C OMP2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RC ROSS
20
DISP
50
STRESS
150
Field
Contents
SID
RCROSS set identification number.
(10)

RTYPE#
Type of response quantity. At least one field must be selected. If

either RTYPE1 or RTYPE2 is blank, then the blank field takes the
default from the defined field. See comment 2.
ID#
Element, grid, or scalar point identification number.

COMP#
Component code (item) identification number. See comment 3.


Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
This entry is required for computing the cross-power spectral density function. SID must
be selected with the I/O Option RCROSS. Fields RTYPE1, ID1, and COMP1 represent the
first response quantity and fields RTYPE2, ID2, and COMP2 represent the second response
quantity.
2.
The keywords for field RTYPE# are listed as follows:
3.
Keyword
Description
DISP
Displacement vector
VELO
Velocity vector
ACCEL
Acceleration vector
STRESS
Element Stress
STRAIN
Element Strain
For elements, COMP# represents a component of the element stress or strain as

described in the following table.
Element
Stress/Strain Item
Number code
All Solid Elements
Normal X
6 or 12
Normal Y
7 or 13
Normal Z
8 or 14
Shear XY
9 or 15
Shear YZ
10 or 16
Shear XZ
11 or 17
Normal X at Z1
3 or 4
Normal X at Z2
10 or 11
Normal Y at Z1
5 or 6
Normal Y at Z2
12 or 13
Shear XY at Z1
7 or 8
All Shell Elements
Altair Engineering

Element
Stress/Strain Item
Number code
Shear XY at Z2
14 or 15
For grid points, COMP# represents a component of the displacement, velocity or

acceleration as described in the following table:
Response
Number code
Translation X
1 or 7
Translation Y
2 or 8
Translation Z
3 or 9
Rotation X
4 or 10
Rotation Y
5 or 11
Rotation Z
6 or 12
For scalar points, COMP# should always be 1.

Altair Engineering
RELOC
Bulk Data Entry
RELOC Grid Point Relocation
Description
The RELOC bulk data entry can be used to map grid points from one location to another. This
entry allows you to translate, match, rotate or mirror grid points. The grid ID fields can be
input as either numeric or fully qualified references to grid points in the model.
Format
The format of this entry depends on the TYPE field input; the various versions are listed as
follows:
Translation (TYPE = MOVE)
Format 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
RELOC
ID
TYPE
GID1
GID2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
RELOC
ID
TYPE
dx
dy
dz
(8)
(9)
(10)
(10)
Format 2
Rotation (TYPE = ROTATE)

Format 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RELOC
ID
TYPE
GID1
ang_x
ang_y
ang_z
Matching (TYPE = MATCH)

Format 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RELOC
ID
TYPE
GIDA1
GIDA2
GIDA3
GIDB1
GIDB2
GIDB3
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Mirroring (TYPE = MIRROR)

Format 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RELOC
ID
TYPE
GIDA1
GIDA2
GIDA3
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RELOC
MATC H
1001
1012
3992
123
564
665
Field
Contents
ID
(10)
(Integer > 0)
TYPE
This field specifies the type of mapping between grid points in a model. The
format of the RELOC card is different for different values of the TYPE field (see
Comment 2 for detailed information on each option).
(MOVE, ROTATE, MATCH, or MIRROR)
Translation (Format 1)
GID1
Grid point identification number for translation to the reference point location.
Grid point GID1 is moved from its original location to the GID2 location.
GID2
Reference grid point identification number for translation. GID2 is used as a

reference point to move another grid point (GID1) from its original location to
the GID2 location.
Translation (Format 2)
dx, dy, dz
Defines the distance that the referenced part (INSTNCE entry) should be
translated in the basic coordinate system. Each entry specifies the
corresponding distance moved in the X, Y, and Z axes, respectively (see
Comment 2).
(Real or blank)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Rotation (Format 1)
GID1
Specifies the identification number of a grid point that will be used as a center
of rotation based on the angles specified in the following fields.
ang_x,
ang_y,
ang_z
Defines the angle (in degrees) of rotation about the X, Y, and Z axes,
respectively with the grid point (GID1) as the center of rotation. In a 2D
model, only ang_z is specified (see Comment 2).
(Real or blank)
Matching (Format 1)
GIDA1,
GIDA2,
GIDA3
Specifies the identification numbers of grid points (initial location) that will be
moved to match with the corresponding grid points GIDB1,2,3 (final location,
defined in the following fields). Any rotation, translation or mirroring required
to complete this matching process is accomplished internally by OptiStruct.
These three grid points cannot be collinear.
GIDB1,
GIDB2,
GIDB3
Specifies the identification numbers of grid points which will be matched with
the corresponding grid points defined in the GIDA1,2,3 fields. Any rotation,
translation or mirroring required to complete this matching process is
accomplished internally by OptiStruct. These three grid points cannot be
collinear.
Mirroring (Format 1)
GIDA1,
GIDA2,
GIDA3
Specifies the identification numbers of grid points about which the entire part
(defined via INSTNCE) will be laterally mirrored (flipped) by 180 degrees. The
grid points GIDA1,2,3 define an absolute plane of symmetry flip. Any rotation
or translation required to complete this mirroring process is accomplished
internally by OptiStruct. The three grid points specified for mirroring cannot be
collinear. In a 2D model, only GIDA1 and GIDA2 should be specified.
Comments
1.
A RELOC entry can be referenced by a INSTNCE entry to define the location of a part in
the full model.
2.
The following illustrations depict part relocation examples for each of the four TYPE field
options. All grid point IDs used on the RELOC entry can belong to any part in the model.
Only their initial locations are relevant. All RELOC entries are evaluated before any parts
Altair Engineering

are moved. This may not always produce the expected result in some cases as the
sequence of moves affects the final part locations. For example, if RELOC, MATCH is
defined using three grid points on part A and three grid points in part B, this may not
result in a final structure with the two parts being connected, if part B is moved again
after this matching process. To avoid such cases, it is strongly recommended to assign
the grid points that define the initial location to a part that has to be moved and the grid
points that define the final location, to a part that will not be moved (for example, the
global structure).
Translation - Format 1:
Format 1 (Special case, assumes that Part B does not relocate)

Altair Engineering
Translation - Format 2:
dx
dy
dz
Where,
D is the distance moved by the part referenced on the INSTNCE entry.

dx, dy and dz are the distances moved by the part along the X, Y and Z axes.
Rotation - Format 1:
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Matching - Format 1:
Format 1 (Special case Part B does not relocate)

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Mirroring - Format 1:
3.
In a 2D model, only two TYPE options are allowed: ROTATE and MIRROR. All grid points in
the model should have the same Z coordinate. Rotation and mirroring are defined in the XY plane.
Rotation in a 2D model defined in the X-Y plane
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
RELOC
ID
ROTATE
GID1
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ang_z
Mirroring in a 2D model defined in the X-Y plane
4.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RELOC
ID
MIRROR
GIDA1
GIDA2
(6)
(7)
references on RELOC entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
BEGIN bulk data entry in the model). number is the identification number of a referenced
local entry in the part PartName. See Parts and Instances in the Users Guide for
detailed information on the use of fully qualified references.
Altair Engineering

RFORCE
Bulk Data Entry
RFORCE Rotational Force
Description
Defines a static loading condition due to a centrifugal force field. It can also be used to define
the EXCITEID field (Amplitude A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2
bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
RFORC E
SID
C ID
R1
R2
R3
(9)
(10)
RAC C
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
RFORC E
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
0.0
0.0
1.0
2.2
(9)
(10)
1.0
Field
Contents
SID

Grid point identification number through which the rotation vector acts.
CID
Coordinate system defining the components of the rotation vector.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Scale factor of the rotational velocity in revolutions per unit time.

R1,R2,R3
Rectangular components of rotation direction vector. The vector defined

will pass through point G.
No default (Real; R12 + R22 + R32 > 0.0)
RACC
Scale factor of the rotational acceleration in revolutions per unit time

squared.
(Real)
Comments
1.
The rotational forces that are created with an RFORCE entry for a constant angular
velocity (A), act in the positive radial direction. They represent the initial forces on the
structure due to a constant angular velocity. The rotational forces defined for a
constant angular acceleration (RACC), act in the same direction as the angular
acceleration. They would be opposite to the inertia forces on the structure due to a
constant angular acceleration.
The following plot shows that the RFORCE vector at node Gi is given by:
where,
angular velocity =
angular acceleration =
Altair Engineering

RFORC E vector at node Gi
2.
G = 0 or blank means the basic coordinate system origin.
3.
CID = 0 or blank signifies that the rotation vector acts at the origin of the basic
coordinate system.
4.
The RFORCE load is selected for use in a subcase by the Subcase Information entry LOAD.
5.
The load vector generated by this entry can be printed using the I/O Option OLOAD.
6.
The continuation line containing RACC is optional.
7.
For CONM1 and CONM2 entries, OptiStruct calculates the torque, due to rotation, as
follows:
where, I is the moment of inertia.

8.

Altair Engineering
RGYRO
Bulk Data Entry
RGYRO Rotor Dynamics
Description
Bulk Data Entry for the inclusion of data required to perform Rotor Dynamics analysis in Modal
Frequency Response Analysis and/or Modal Complex Eigenvalue Analysis. The RGYRO Bulk Data
Entry is referenced by a corresponding RGYRO Subcase Information Entry in a specific
subcase.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
RGYRO
RID
SYNC FLG
(5)
REFROTR SPDUNIT
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SPDLOW
SPDHIGH
SPEED
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RGYRO
14
ASYNC
FREQ
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
55
Argument
Options
Description
RID
<INTEGER>
setid:
The SID is referenced by a RGYRO card

in the subcase information section.
SYNCFLG
<SYNC, ASYNC >
SYNC:
Synchronous Rotor dynamic analysis is

selected, if SYNC is input in this field.
ASYNC:
Asynchronous Rotor dynamic analysis is

selected, if ASYNC is input in this field.
rotid:
Reference rotor ID. This field selects

the rotor that will be used in THE Rotor
dynamic analysis.
(no default)
REFROTR
<INTEGER > 0>
Altair Engineering

Argument
Options
Description
(no default)
SPDUNIT
<RPM, FREQ>
RPM:
RPM specifies that the entries SPDLOW,

SPDHIGH and SPEED are input in
Revolutions Per Minute.
FREQ:
FREQ specifies that the entries

SPDLOW, SPDHIGH and SPEED are input
in revolutions per unit time.
(No default)
SPDLOW
<INTEGER>
Minimum rotor speed for synchronous analysis.
Default = 0.0
SPDHIGH
<INTEGER>
Maximum rotor speed for synchronous analysis.
Default = 99999.0
SPEED
<INTEGER, Real>
<INTEGER>
If an integer value is input, it references

a RSPEED bulk data entry that specifies
a set of reference rotor speeds for
asynchronous analysis (See comment
2).
<Real>
If a real number is input, the value is

considered constant and a single
reference rotor speed value is specified
(See comment 2).
Default = 0
Default = 0.0
Comments
1.
Multiple RGYRO bulk data entries with the same RID cannot exist.
2.
The values entered on some optional fields of the RGYRO bulk data entry depend on
factors such as: solution sequence used, type of analysis performed, and the value of
specific parameters. The following table shows some of the optional fields and their
relevance based on the listed factors. Synchronous analysis is performed when the rotor
speed is equal to the modal frequency (Complex eigenvalue analysis) or the frequency of
the forcing function (Frequency response analysis) and Asynchronous analysis is

Altair Engineering
performed when the user specified rotor speed is used for the analysis.
Synchronous/
Solution Sequence Asynchronous
Analysis
Modal Frequency
Response Analysis
Modal Complex
Eigenvalue Analysis
3.
Required
Entry
PARAM,
GYROAVG
Comment
Synchronous
None
Synchronous
SPDLOW,
SPDHIGH
-1
3, 4
Asynchronous
SPEED
Asynchronous
SPEED
-1
Synchronous
SPDLOW,
SPDHIGH
3, 4
Asynchronous
SPEED
When multiple rotors are present within the system being modeled, one of the rotors is
chosen as a reference rotor. The speeds of the rest of the rotors are linearly dependent
of the reference rotor. Scale factors S1 and S2 are used to relate the speeds.
S1 S 2 *
ref
Where,
is the speed of a rotor (different from the reference rotor)
S1 and S2 are scale factors
ref
is the speed of the reference rotor
The scale factors S1 and S2 will be calculated by a least-mean-square fit of the relative
rotor speeds specified on the RSPINR entries (between SPDLOW to SPDHIGH of the
reference rotor). If the SPDLOW or SPDHIGH values are beyond the range specified on
the RSPINR entry, the values will be extrapolated from the RSPINR entry values.
4.
PARAM, WR3 and PARAM, WR4 are necessary for rotor damping.
Altair Engineering

RLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
RLOAD1 Frequency Response Dynamic Load, Form1
Description
Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form
for use in frequency response problems.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RLOAD1
SID
EXC ITEID
DELAY
DPHASE
TC
TD
TYPE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
RLOAD1
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
SID

EXCITEID
Identification number of the DAREA, SPCD, FORCEx, MOMENTx,

PLOADx, RFORCE, or GRAV entry set that defines A.
DELAY

identification number of a DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If
it is real, then it directly defines the value of
that will be used for
all degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
DPHASE
Defines phase . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the

identification number of a DPHASE bulk data entry that defines . If
it is real, then it directly defines the value of that will be used for
TC
Set identification number of the TABLED1, TABLED2, TABLED3 or

TABLED4 entry that gives C( ). See comment 2.
Default = 0 if TD is non-zero (Integer > 0)
TD

TABLED4 entry that gives D( ). See comment 2.
Default = 0 if TC is non-zero (Integer > 0)
TYPE
Identifies the type of the dynamic excitation.

Default = 0 (See comment 5)
Comments
1.
2.
If any DELAY, DPHASE, TC, or TD fields are blank or zero, the corresponding , , C( ), or
D( ) will be zero. Either TC or TD may be blank or zero, but not both.
3.
RLOAD1 loads may be combined with RLOAD2 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. This means that the SID on a RLOAD1 entry must not be the same as that on a
RLOAD2 entry.
4.
SID must be unique for all RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries.
5.
The type field identifies the type of dynamic excitation. Valid entries for this field are
listed alongside a description of the dynamic excitation with they invoke.
Type
Description
0, L, LO, LOA, LOAD
Applied load; EXCITEID references DAREA data.
1, D, DI, DIS, DISP
Enforced displacement; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
2, V, VE, VEL, VELO
Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
Altair Engineering

Type
Description
3, A, AC, ACC, ACCE
Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
6.
When EXCITEID refers to an SPCD entry, the modal space will be augmented with
displacement vector(s) from linear static analysis with unit prescribed displacement at
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom.
7.
All static structural loads can be referenced by EXCITEID by referring to the SID on the
structural load. The structural loads are FORCE, FORCE1, FORCE2, MOMENT, MOMENT1,
MOMENT2, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, and GRAV. EXCITEID cannot
reference the LOAD and LOADADD Bulk Data entries.
8.

Altair Engineering
RLOAD2
Bulk Data Entry
RLOAD2 Frequency Response Dynamic Load, Form 2
Description
Defines a frequency-dependent dynamic load of the form:
for use in frequency response problems.

Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RLOAD2
SID
EXC ITEID
DELAY
DPHASE
TB
TP
TYPE
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
RLOAD2
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Field
Contents
SID

EXCITEID

PLOADx, RFORCE, or GRAV entry set that defines A.
DELAY

identification number of a DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If
it is real, then it directly defines the value of
that will be used for
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
DPHASE
Defines phase . If it is a non-zero integer, it represents the

identification number of a DPHASE bulk data entry that defines . If
it is real, then it directly defines the value of that will be used for
TB

TABLED4 entry that gives B( ).
TP

TABLED4 entry that gives
in degrees.
TYPE
Identifies the type of the dynamic excitation.

Default = 0 (See comment 5)
Comments
1.
2.
If any DELAY, DPHASE, or TP fields are blank or zero, the corresponding , , or

be zero.
3.
RLOAD2 loads may be combined with RLOAD1 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. This means that the SID on a RLOAD2 entry must not be the same as that on a
RLOAD1 entry.
4.
SID must be unique for all RLOAD1 and RLOAD2 entries.
5.
The TYPE field identifies the type of dynamic excitation. Valid entries for this field are
listed below alongside a description of the dynamic excitation which they invoke.
Type
Description
0, L, LO, LOA, LOAD
Applied load; EXCITEID references DAREA data.
1, D, DI, DIS, DISP
Enforced displacement; EXCITEID references SPCD data.

will
Altair Engineering
Type
Description
2, V, VE, VEL, VELO
Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
3, A, AC, ACC, ACCE
Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPCD data.
6.
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom.
7.
All static structural loads can be referenced by EXCITEID by referring to the SID on the
structural load. The structural loads are FORCE, FORCE1, FORCE2, MOMENT, MOMENT1,
MOMENT2, PLOAD, PLOAD1, PLOAD2, PLOAD4, RFORCE, and GRAV. EXCITEID cannot
reference the LOAD and LOADADD Bulk Data entries.
8.
Altair Engineering

ROTORG
Bulk Data Entry
ROTORG Grids for the Rotor Line Model (Rotor Dynamics).
Description
This Bulk Data Entry is used for the specification of grids that determine the Rotor Line model.
Format
(1)
(2)
ROTORG ROTORID
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
GRID1
GRID2
GRIDn
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
GRID1
THRU
GRID2
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
ROTORG ROTORID
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
ROTORG
25
2345
2356
2400
2450
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example (Alternate Format)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
ROTORG
30
2300
THRU
2400
Argument
Options
Description
ROTORID
<INTEGER > 0>
setid:
The identification number of a rotor.

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
GRIDi
<INTEGER > 0>
List of grids that define the rotor line model.
No default
THRU
(Optional)
Flag indicating that a range of grid identification numbers is defined. The

initial and final grids are specified on the fields either side of the field
containing the THRU flag.
Comments
1.
All grid point entries specified on the ROTORG entry must be unique. The program will run
into an error, if duplicate grid entries are specified.
2.
Multiple ROTORG entries can be defined with the same ROTORID.
3.
This ROTORG entry is used to define a Rotor Line model; therefore, for a specific
ROTORID, all grids specified on the ROTORG entry must be collinear. OptiStruct
automatically checks if the grids are collinear during a run.
4.
If superelements are not used, connections between grids in the Rotor Line model and
those not listed on the ROTORG entry must be defined using MPCs or rigid elements.
5.
If superelements are used, connections between grids in the Rotor Line model and those
in the residual structure must be defined using MPCs or rigid elements.
6.
The mass of the Rotor Line model should be defined on the grids defined on the grids
specified by the ROTORG bulk data entry.
Altair Engineering

RROD
Bulk Data Entry
RROD Rigid Pin-Ended Rod
Description
Defines a pin-ended rod that is rigid in extension.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RROD
EID
GA
GB
C MA
C MB
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RROD
14
1115
(6)
(7)
(8)
Field
Contents
EID
GA,GB
(9)
(10)

CMA,CMB
Component number of one and only one dependent translational degreeof-freedom in the global coordinate system assigned by you to either
GA or GB. Integer equal to 1, 2, or 3, or blank. Either CMA or CMB
must contain the integer and the other must be blank.
Comments
1.
2.
Forces of constraint are not recovered.

Altair Engineering
3.
The degree-of-freedom selected to be dependent must have a non-zero component along

the axis of the rod. This implies that the rod must have finite length.
4.

RROD entry.
5.
6.
references on RROD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
7.
Altair Engineering

RSPEC
Bulk Data Entry
RSPEC Response Spectrum Analysis Specifications
Description
Specifies directional combination method, modal combination method, excitation direction(s),
response spectra and scale factors.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RSPEC
RID
DC OMB
MC OMB
C LOSE
DTISPEC 1
SC ALE1
X11
X12
X13
DTISPEC 2
SC ALE2
X21
X22
X23
DTISPEC 3
SC ALE3
X31
X32
X33
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RSPEC
35
ALG
SRSS
1.0
1.3
0.5
0.5
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RSPEC
35
SRSS
C QC
0.0
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
-1.
Example 2
(6)
(7)

(8)
(9)
(10)
Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
1.3
0.5
0.5
-1.
2.0
-2
-0.0
-1.
17.
0.5
-2.5
-1.
Field
Contents
RID
RSPEC identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

DCOMB
Method for directional combination. Can be either algebraic (ALG) or

square root of sum of squares (SRSS).
Default = ALG (ALG or SRSS)
MCOMB
Method for modal combination. Can be either absolute sum (ABS),

square root of sum of squares (SRSS), complete quadratic combination
(CQC), or Navy Reseach Laboratorys SRSS (NRL).
Default = ABS (ABS, SRSS, CQC, or NRL)
CLOSE
Modal frequency closeness parameter.

DTISPECi
Response spectrum reference. ID of a DTI,SPECSEL entry.

SCALEi
Scale factor for excitation.

No default (Real <> 0.0)
Xij
Components of a vector representing ground excitation i, j = 1..3
Comments
1.
All RSPEC cards must have unique ID numbers.
2.
DTISPEC2/SCALE2/X21/X22/X23 and DTISPEC3/SCALE3/X31/X32/X33 are optional ground

excitations for multi-directional excitation. The directions of excitation have to be
orthogonal to each other and will be reported as error otherwise.
3.
Refer to Response Spectrum Analysis in the Users Guide for more details.
Altair Engineering

RSPEED
Bulk Data Entry
RSPEED Reference Rotor Speed Values
Description
This bulk data entry is used to specify a set of reference rotor speed values for asynchronous
analysis in Rotor Dynamics.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RSPEED
SID
S1
DS
NDS
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
RSPEED
25
1500
50
(6)
Argument
Options
Description
SID
<Integer > 0>
No default
S1
<Real > 0.0>
Specifies the first reference rotor speed in the set.
No default
DS
<Real > 0.0>

No default
Specifies the increment in reference rotor speed.

This value is added to each successive entry
starting from the first entry (S1).

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
NDS
<Integer > 0>
Number of reference rotor speed increments.
Default = 1
Comments
1.
The RSPEED bulk data entry is referenced by the SPEED field on the RGYRO bulk data
entry. If an integer value is specified in the SPEED field, multiple reference rotor speeds
specified in the RSPEED entry are used in asynchronous analysis.
2.
In asynchronous frequency response analysis, if the RSPEED bulk data entry is referenced
in RGYRO, only the first frequency is considered. In complex eigenvalue analysis, the full
range specified by RSPEED is considered.
3.
The following formula is used to populate the set of reference rotor speeds:
Ri
( S1 ( DS ) * i)
i 1 to NDS
R1 , R2 , RNDS represent the set of reference rotor speeds

S1 is the first reference rotor speed
DS is the reference rotor speed increment
NDS is the number of reference rotor speed increments
Altair Engineering

RSPINR
Bulk Data Entry
RSPINR Relative Rotor Spin Rates (Rotor Dynamics)
Description
This entry defines the relative spin rates between rotors during a rotor dynamic analysis in
Modal Complex Eigenvalue or Frequency Response solution sequences.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SPINR
ROTORID
GRIDA
GRIDB
SPDUNIT
SPTID
GR
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ALPHAR1 ALPHAR2
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RSPINR
130
2400
2401
FREQ
200
0.03
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
5600
Argument
Options
Description
ROTORID
<Integer > 0>
setid
Rotor identification number
No default
GRIDA
<Integer > 0>
GRIDA identifies a grid on the Rotor Line Model.
No default
GRIDA and GRIDB define the positive rotor spin

direction. The vector connecting GRIDA and GRIDB is
the positive direction vector. The rotor axis is
defined using the ROTORG bulk data entry and the
two grids (GRIDA, GRIDB) are also specified on the
ROTORG bulk data entry.

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
GRIDB
<Integer > 0>
GRIDB identifies a grid on the Rotor Line Model.
No default
GRIDA and GRIDB define the positive rotor spin

direction. The vector connecting GRIDA and GRIDB is
the positive direction vector. The rotor axis is
defined using the ROTORG bulk data entry and the
two grids (GRIDA, GRIDB) are also specified on the
ROTORG bulk data entry.
<RPM, FREQ>
RPM:
RPM specifies that the relative spin

rates are input in Revolutions Per
Minute.
FREQ:
FREQ specifies that the relative spin

rates are input in revolutions
(cycles) per unit time.
SPDUNIT
Description
(No default)
SPTID
<Integer > 0/Real>

(No default)
<Integer > 0> If an integer value (must be greater

than 0) is input, it references a
DDVAL bulk data entry that specifies
the relative rotor spin rates (see
comment 3).
<Real>
GR
<Real>
Default = 0.0
ALPHAR1
<Real>
Default = 0.0
Altair Engineering
If a real number is input, the value is

considered constant.
Rotor Structural Damping Factor (see comments 4

and 6).
Scale factor applied to the rotor mass matrix for

Rayleigh Damping (see comments 5 and 6).

Argument
Options
ALPHAR2
<Real>
Description
Scale factor applied to the rotor stiffness matrix for

Rayleigh Damping (see comments 5 and 6).
Default = 0.0
Comments
1.
A RSPINR entry must exist for each rotor line model defined using the ROTORG bulk data
entry.
2.
GRIDA and GRIDB define the positive rotor spin direction. The vector connecting GRIDA
and GRIDB is the positive direction vector. The rotor axis is defined using the ROTORG bulk
data entry and the two grids (GRIDA, GRIDB) are also specified on the ROTORG bulk data
entry.
3.
An integer or a real number can be input in the SPTID field. If SPTID is an integer, it
references a DDVAL bulk data entry that specifies the relative rotor spin rates. Each rotor
must be assigned the same number of spin rates. To determine relative spin rates, the
table entries which contain the sequence of spin rates are correlated. The ith entry for
each rotor corresponds to the relative spin rates between rotors at RPMi/FREQi. The spin
rates for the reference rotor must be specified in ascending or descending order.
4.
Rotor structural damping factor (GR) can be incorporated as either equivalent viscous
damping or structural damping depending on the solution sequence.
BRotor
structural
GR
WR3
K rotor
Or,
K rotor
(1 iGR ) K rotor
Where,
WR3 is a parameter defined by PARAM, WR3

GR is defined as a field on the RSPINR bulk data entry.
The selection depends on the following factors:
Modal frequency response or Complex eigenvalue analysis.
Synchronous or Asynchronous solutions.
Value of PARAM, GYROAVG.
5.
The Rayleigh damping value for the rotor is calculated as:
Brotor
Rayleigh
R1
( M rotor )
R2
(K rotor )

Altair Engineering
6.
The damping and circulation terms added to the corresponding analysis equations are
listed in the table below. Refer to the Rotor Dynamics section in the User's Guide for
detailed information.
Solution Sequence Analysis
Damping
i ([ BR ]
Frequency Response
(ASYNC)
Circulation
R1 [ M R ]
R 2 [ K R ])
i (GR[ K R ] [ K 4 R ])
[ BR ]
Frequency Response
(ASYNC + GYROAVG, -1)
Frequency Response
(SYNC)
i ([ BR ]
R1
[M R ]
R2
[ BRC ]
(
ref
GR
R1 [ M R ]
R 2 [ K R ])
i (GR[ K R ] [ K 4 R ])
Frequency Response
(SYNC + GYROAVG, -1)
Altair Engineering
[M R ]
GR
[KR ]
WR3
[ BR ]
Complex Eigenvalue
(ASYNC)
R1
R1
[M R ]
GR
[KR ]
WR3
R2
[KR ]
R1
GR
1
[ K 4 R[ B
] C]
R
WR 4
GR
R
R2
R1
GR
[ BRC ]
[ BR ]
[KR ]
R1
[ M RC ]
R1
(
)
1
[RK 4 Rref]
WR 4
[ M RC ]
R1
[ K RC ]
[ K 4CR ]
[ K RC ]
[ K RC ]
[ K 4CR ]
[ M RC ]
GR
[ K RC ]
WR3
[ K RC ]
[ K 4CR ]
R2
[ K RC ]
[ BRC ]
R2
[ K RC ]
R2
R2
[ M RC ]
[ K 4CR ]
1
[ K 4CR ]
WR 4
[ M RC ]
[ K RC ]
[ K RC ]
R2
GR
[ K RC ]
WR3
[ BRC ]
( )
[ M RC ]
[ K RC ]
[ BRC ]
[KR ]
1
R ( ref )
[ K 4R ]
WR 4
GR
[KR ]
WR3
R1
R2
[ K RC ]
1
[ K 4CR ]
WR 4

Solution Sequence Analysis
Damping
Circulation
[ BRC ]
[ BR ]
Complex Eigenvalue
(SYNC)
R1
[M R ]
GR
[KR ]
WR3
R2
[KR ]
GR
1
[ K 4 R[ B
] C]
R
WR 4
GR
R
R1
[ M RC ]
[ K RC ]
R1
R2
[ M RC ]
[ K RC ]
[ K 4CR ]
R2
[ K RC ]
[ K RC ]
[ K 4CR ]
Where,
[ BR ]
is the rotor viscous damping
[M R ]
is the rotor mass
[K R ]
is the rotor stiffness
[ K 4R ]
C
R
[B ]
is the circulation, due to rotor viscous damping
C
R
[M ]
[ K RC ]
C
R
[K 4 ]
R1
is the rotor material damping
is the circulation, due to rotor mass

is the circulation, due to rotor structural stiffness
is the circulation, due to rotor material damping
and
R2
[ BR ]Rayleigh
are used to define the Rayleigh viscous damping, as follows:

R1
[M R ]
R2
[K R ]
WR3 and WR4 are defined by the parameters PARAM, WR3 and PARAM, WR4,
respectively.
7.
Rotor damping is cumulative and caution should be exercised when multiple damping
effects are assigned.

Altair Engineering
RSPLINE
Bulk Data Entry
RSPLINE Interpolation Constraint Element
Description
Defines multi-point constraints for the interpolation of displacements at grid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RSPLINE
EID
D/L
G1
G2
C2
G3
C3
G4
C4
G5
C5
G6
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RSPLINE
73
0.05
27
28
123456
29
123
75
123
71
Field
Contents
EID
(8)
(9)
(10)
30

D/L
Ratio of the diameter of the elastic tube to the sum of the lengths of all
segments.
G#

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
C#
Components to be constrained. See comment 2.

Default = blank (blank or any combination of the Integers 1 through 6)
Comments
1.
Displacements are interpolated from the equations of an elastic beam passing through the
grid points. This is a linear method only element.
2.
A blank field for C# indicates that all six degrees-of-freedom at G# are independent.
Since G1 must be independent, no field is provided for C1. Since the last grid point must
also be independent, the last field must be a G#, not a C#. For the example shown G1,
G3 and G6 are independent. G2 has six constrained degrees-of-freedom, while G4 and G5
each have three.
3.
Dependent (that is constrained) degrees-of-freedom assigned by one rigid element may

not also be assigned dependent by another rigid element or by a multi-point constraint.
4.
Degrees-of-freedom declared to be independent by one rigid body element can be made

dependent by another rigid body element or by a multi-point constraint.
5.
Rigid elements (including RSPLINE), unlike MPCs, form part of the model and do not need
to be selected from within a subcase definition.
6.
Rigid elements are ignored in heat transfer problems.
7.
The constraint coefficient matrix is affected by the order of the Gi Ci pairs on the RSPLINE
entry. The order of the pairs should be specified in the same order that they appear
along the line that joins the two regions. If this order is not followed, then the RSPLINE
will have folds in it that may yield some unexpected interpolation results.
8.
The independent degrees-of-freedom that are the rotation components most nearly
parallel to the line joining the regions should not normally be constrained.
9.
The default RSPLINE implementation has larger-than-expected in-plane rotation at the

two RSPLINE end nodes and where RSPLINE have sharp angles. Applying
PARAM,RSPLICOR reduces such rotation and yields better results.
10. Rigid elements are ignored in heat transfer analysis.

Altair Engineering
RSSCON
Bulk Data Entry
RSSCON Shell-to-Solid Element Connector
Description
Defines multi-point constraints to model clamped connections of shell-to-solid elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RSSC ON
RBID
TYPE
ES1
EA1
EB1
ES2
EA2
EB2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RSSC ON
110
GRID
11
12
13
14
15
16
Field
Contents
RBID
(10)

TYPE
Type of connectivity.
ELEM - connection is described with element identification numbers.
GRID - connection is described with grid point.
Default = ELEM (GRID or ELEM)
ES1
Shell element identification number if TYPE = ELEM.

Shell grid point identification number if TYPE = GRID.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
EA1
Solid element identification number if TYPE = ELEM.

Solid grid point identification number if TYPE = GRID.
EB1
Solid grid-point identification number for TYPE = GRID only.

ES2
Shell grid-point identification number for TYPE = GRID only.

EA2

EB2

Comments
1.
RSSCON generates a multipoint constraint that models a clamped connection between a

shell and a solid element. The shell degrees-offreedom are considered dependent. The
translational degrees-offreedom of the shell edge are connected to the translational
degrees-offreedom of the upper and lower solid edge. The rotational degrees-offreedom of the shell are connected to the translational degrees-of-freedom of the lower
and upper edges of the solid element face. Poissons ratio effects are considered in the
translational degrees-of-freedom.
2.
The shell grid point must lie on the line connecting the two solid grid points. It can have
an offset from this line, which can not be more than 5% of the distance between the two
solid grid points. The shell grid points that are out of the tolerance will not be
constrained, and a fatal message will be issued. This tolerance is adjustable. Refer to
PARAM,TOLRSC and PARAM,SEPIXOVR.
3.
When using the TYPE = ELEM option:

The elements may be first or second order.
When a straight shell element edge and a solid element are connected, the geometry
of the shell edge is not changed to fit the solid face. When a curved shell element
edge and a solid element are connected, the two solid edges and solid face are not
changed to match the shell edge.

Altair Engineering
It is not recommended to connect more than one shell element to the same solid using
the ELEM option. If attempted, conflicts in the multipoint constraint relations may lead
to UFM 6692.
4.
When using TYPE = GRID option:

The GRID option does not verify that the grids used are valid shell and/or solid grids.
The GRID option is not recommended for 2nd order elements.
5.
It is recommended that the height of the solid elements face is approximately equal to
the shell elements thickness of the shell. The shell edge should then be placed in the
middle of the solid face.
6.
The shell edge may coincide with the upper or lower edge of the solid face.
7.
The RSSCON entry, unlike MPCs, is part of the model and does not need to be selected in
a subcase definition.
8.
RSSCON is ignored in heat-transfer problems.
Altair Engineering

RWALADD
Bulk Data Entry
RWALADD Rigid Wall Combination for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a rigid wall set as a union of rigid walls defined via RWALL entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
RWALADD
SID
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
etc.
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
RWALADD
101
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Sj
Set identification numbers of rigid wall sets defined via RWALL entries.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
RWALL=SID.
2.
The Sj must be unique and may not be the identification number of a rigid wall set defined
by another RWALADD entry.

Altair Engineering
3.
RWALADD entries take precedence over RWALL entries. If both have the same SID, only
the RWALADD entry will be used.
4.
Altair Engineering

RWALL
Bulk Data Entry
RWALL Rigid Wall for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a rigid wall for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
RWALL
SID
RWTYPE
SLID
GISD1
GSID2
FRIC
DIST
G0/X0
Y0
Z0
IFILT
FFAC
X1
Y1
Z1
X2
Y2
Z2
DIA
MASS
VX
VY
VZ
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
RWALL
PLANE
SLIDE
23
21
11
24
12
340
13
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
32
Field
Contents
SID


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
RWTYPE
Rigid wall type.

PLANE Infinite plane.
CYL Infinite cylinder of diameter DIA.
SPHER Sphere of diameter DIA.
PARAL - Parallelogram.
Default = PLANE (PLANE, CYL, SPHERE, or PARAL)
SLID
Flag for sliding.

SLIDE Sliding.
TIED Tied.
SLFRIC Sliding with friction.
Default = SLIDE (SLIDE, TIED, or SLFRIC)
GSID1
Grid set ID defining slave grids to be added to the rigid wall.

(Integer > 0)
GSID2
Grid set ID defining slave grids to be deleted from the rigid wall.
(Integer > 0)
FRIC
Friction coefficient (ignored if SLID = TIED, SLIDE).

DIST
Distance for slave search (See comment 2).

(Real > 0)
G0
Grid identifier defining M, definition ignores Y0, Z0. Moving rigid wall.
(Integer > 0)
X0, Y0, Z0
Coordinates of a point M defining rigid wall location if G0 not defined.

Rigid wall does not move.
(Real)
IFILT
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
1 Direct user input of filtering coefficient.
2 Filtering coefficient corresponds to a 3dB filtering level.
3 - Filtering coefficient corresponds to a 3dB filtering level for user
defined frequency (frequency defined in terms of time step number).
FFAC

X1, Y1, Z1
Coordinates of a point defining M1 for RWTYPE = PLANE, CYL, PARAL.

(Real)
X2, Y2, Z2
Coordinates of a point defining M2 for RWTYPE = PARAL.

(Real)
DIA
Diameter for RWTYPE = CYL, SPHER.

(Real > 0)
MASS
Mass of moving rigid wall if G0 is defined.

(Real > 0)
VX, VY, VZ
Components of initial velocity if G0 is defined.

(Real)
Comments
1.
RWALL must be selected in the subcase with RWALL = SID or by RWALADD. It can only
be selected in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS =
NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2.
Initially the slave nodes can be defined at a distance lower than DIST.
3.
Nodal thickness of rigid wall slave nodes is not taken into account.
4.
IFILT defines the method for computing the friction filtering coefficient. Friction filtering
slave node in contact are filtered using a simple rule:
F T = * F'T + (1 - ) * F'T-1

Altair Engineering
where,
IFILT = 1 = FFAC
IFILT = 2 = 2 dt * freq, where dt = time step, and freq = FFAC
IFILT = 3 = 2
5.
6.
/ N, with 1/freq = T = N * dt, and N = FFAC
Surface input type

Type
Description
PLANE
MM1 defines the normal direction.
CYL
MM1 defines the axis of the cylinder.
SPHER
M is the center of the sphere.
PARAL
MM1 and MM2 define the parallelogram with the normal

as cross product MM1 x MM2.
This card is represented as a rigid wall in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

SECT
Bulk Data Entry
SECT Section Definition for Section Force Output in Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a section for force output in geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SEC T
SC ID
G0
G1
G2
GRSET
ELSET
IFRAME
C ID
(10)
DT
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
SEC T
234
665
723
Field
Contents
SCID
Section identification number.
(8)
(9)
(10)

G0, G1, G2
Grid points defining the local axes of the section. G0 and G1 define
the local x-axis while G0, G1, and G3 define the local xy-plane.
GRSET
Grid set ID.

ELSET
Element set ID. Only sets of SOLID, SHELL, ROD, BAR, and BEAM
elements can be used.
(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
IFRAME
Flag for computing the center of the output coordinate system.

The local system is defined by G0, G1, and G2.
Default = 0 (Integer = 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 11, 12, 13)
0 Origin of the local system defined by G0, G1, and G2
1 Geometrical center of the section grid in the local system
defined by G0, G1, and G2
2 Center of gravity of the section in the local system defined by
G0, G1, and G2
3 Origin of the basic system in the local system defined by G0,
G1, and G2
10 Origin of the basic system
11 Geometrical center of the section in the basic system
12 Center of gravity of the section in the basic system
13 Origin of the basic system
CID
Moving coordinate system identifier for automatic definition of a

section. Only CORD1R and CORD3R can be selected (See comment
4).
DT
Time step for saving the data.

Default = DTTH defined on XSOM (Real > 0)
Comments
1.
SECT output must be selected for time history output with XHIST. It is only available for
geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM,
IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2.
Moments are computed with respect to the section center defined by the parameter
IFRAME and expressed in the local section frame.
3.
Normal force is the component normal to the XY plane of the section. The tangential
force is the component in the plane of the section.
4.
For CID > 0:

G0, G1, G2 blank the local system of the section is built from the grid points defining
the CORD1R or CORD3R.
The element set is created automatically from the elements intersected by the xyplane of CID.
Altair Engineering

The grid set is created automatically from the grid points of the intersected elements
on the positive z-axis defined by the xy-plane plane of the frame.
5.
This card is represented as an interface in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
SENSOR
Bulk Data Entry
SENSOR Sensor Definition
Description
Defines a sensor for geometric nonlinear analysis. Sensors may be used to activate loads
(see NLOAD1).
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
SENSOR
SID
STYPE
DELAY
NAC C
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Continuation lines if STYPE = ACCEL (number of continuation lines = NACC)

AID1
DIR1
AMIN1
TMIN1
AID2
DIR2
AMIN2
TMIN2
Continuation line if STYPE = DIST

G1
G2
DMIN
DMAX
Continuation line if STYPE = SENS, AND, OR

SID1
SID2
Continuation line if STYPE = NOT

SID1
Continuation line if STYPE = INTER

C ID
Altair Engineering

Continuation line if STYPE = RWAL

RWID
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SENSOR
100
AC C EL
500.0
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.03
Field
Contents
SID
Unique sensor identification number.

STYPE
Sensor type. May be one of:

TIME Start Time
ACCE Accelerometer
DIST Nodal distance
SENS Activation with sensor SID1, deactivation with sensor SID2
INTER Interface activation and deactivation
RWAL Rigid wall activation and deactivation
AND ON as long as sensors SID1 and SID2 are ON
NOT ON as long as sensor SID1 is OFF
OR ON as long as sensors SID1 and SID2 are ON
No default (ACCEL, AND, DIST, INTER, NOT, OR, RWAL, SENS, or
TIME)
DELAY
Time delay.
(Real > 0)
NACC
Number of accelerometers ACCEL.

(0 < Integer < 6)
AID#
Accelerometer identifier, references the ID of an ACCLR bulk data

entry.
(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
DIR#
Direction of accelerometer #. May be one of:

X X direction
Y Y direction
Z Z direction
XY XY plane
YZ YZ plane
ZX ZX plane
XYZ total acceleration

No default (X, Y, Z, XY, XZ, YZ, or XYZ)
AMIN#
Minimum absolute value for acceleration for accelerometer #.

(Real > 0)
TMIN#
Minimum duration of AMIN for accelerometer #.

(Real > 0)
G1
Grid ID 1.
(Integer > 0)
G2
Grid ID 2.
(Integer > 0)
DMIN
Distance minimum.
(Real > 0)
DMAX
Distance maximum.
(Real > 0)
SID1
Activation sensor identifier, references the ID of another SENSOR

bulk data entry.
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
SID2
Deactivation sensor identifier, references the ID of another SENSOR

bulk data entry.
(Integer > 0)
CID
Contact identifier, references the ID of a CONTACT bulk data entry.

(Integer > 0)
RWID
Rigid Wall identifier, references the ID of a RWALL bulk data entry.

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
A sensor can only be activated once.
2.
For STYPE=TIME, the sensor is activated after the time delay (DELAY).
3.
For STYPE=ACCE, the sensor is activated if one of the accelerometers gives an

acceleration greater than AMIN during a time greater than TMIN.
The time of activation of the sensor is the time at which the above criteria is first met
plus the time delay (DELAY).
4.
For STYPE=DIST, the sensor is activated once the distance between G1 and G2 moves
outside the allowable range (between DMIN and DMAX).
The time of activation of the sensor is the time at which the above criteria is first met,
plus the time delay (DELAY).
5.
For STYPE=SENS, the sensor is activated once the referenced sensor SID1 is activated.
The minimum activation duration is given by the time delay (DELAY). After this minimum
activation duration, the sensor is deactivated if referenced sensor SID2 is activated. If
there is no SID2 referenced, then the sensor is deactivated after the time delay.

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6.
For STYPE=AND, the sensor is activated once both the referenced sensors (SID1 and
SID2) are activated.
7.
For STYPE=OR, the sensor is activated once either of the referenced sensors (SID1 or
SID2) are activated.
8.
For STYPE=NOT, the sensor is active whenever the referenced sensor SID1 is not active.
Altair Engineering

9.
For STYPE=INTER, the sensor is activated once the referenced contact (CID) is impacted.
The sensor is deactivated if there is no impact during a time equal to the time delay
(DELAY).
10. For STYPE=RWAL, the sensor is activated once the referenced rigid wall (RWID) is
impacted. The sensor is deactivated if there is no impact during a time equal to the time
delay (DELAY).

Altair Engineering
SET
Bulk Data Entry
SET Set Definition
Description
Defines a set of grids, elements, design variables, MBD entities, mode numbers, frequencies or
times for reference by other input definitions.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SET
SID
TYPE
SUBTYPE/
OPERATOR
ID1/
MODE1/
REAL1/
NAME1/
SID1/
X1/G1/
ALL
ID2/
MODE2/
REAL2/
NAME2/
SID2/
Y1
ID3/
MODE3/
REAL3/
NAME3/
SID3/
Z1
ID4/
MODE4/
REAL4/
NAME4/
SID4/
X2/G2
ID5/
MODE5/
REAL5/
NAME5/
SID5/
Y2
ID6/
MODE6/
REAL6/
NAME6/
SID6/
Z2
ID7/
MODE7/
REAL7/
NAME7/
SID7
ID8/
MODE8/
REAL8/
NAME8/
SID8
ID9/
MODE9/
REAL9/
NAME9/
SID9
(10)
Alternate Format for ID Ranges

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SET
SID
TYPE
SUBTYPE
ID1
THRU
ID2
ID7
ENDTHRU
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
EXC EPT
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
(10)
Altair Engineering

Example 1
The following set contains the grids 1, 17, 22, 23, 29, 33, 35, 48, 88, 93 and 102. It is
defined using a simple ID list (assuming that these GRID cards are present in the Bulk
Data).
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SET
56
GRID
LIST
88
93
17
33
102
22
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
23
29
35
48
(10)
Example 2
The following set contains the elements 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 33,
34, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 94, 95, 96. 97, 98, 99, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110,
111, 120, 121 and 125. It is defined using a combination of ID ranges and lists.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
SET
56
ELEM
LIST
11
THRU
22
33
THRU
45
EXC EPT
39
40
94
THRU
111
EXC EPT
100
101
104
105
ENDTHR
U
120
121
125
(8)
(9)
102
103
(10)
Example 3
The following set includes any element included in sets 29, 30 or 31. It is defined as
Boolean set.

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SET
50
ELEM
OR
29
30
31
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example 4
The following set defines GRID/Component list; intended for use by PFMODE.
(1)
(2)
(3)
SET
11
GRIDC
12
T1
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
15
R2
128
T3
(8)
(9)
(10)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example 5
The following set defines list of strings.
(1)
(2)
(3)
SET
11
LABEL
LABEL1
LABEL2
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
TOP
UPPER
LOWER
LEFT
Example 6
The following set defines list of all elements with specific properties.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SET
11
ELEM
PROP
EXC EPT
PHSELL
12
15
thru
128
(7)
(8)
555
Example 7
Altair Engineering

The following set outputs all of the grids on PLOTEL.

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SET
ID
GRID
ELTYPE
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PLOTEL
Field
Contents
SID
Unique set identification number. See comment 1.

TYPE
Identifies what type of entities the set is comprised of. See comment 2
for description of the types.
No default (GRID, ELEM, RIGID, GRIDC, DESVAR, MODE, FREQ, TIME,
LABEL or PLY)
SUBTYPE
Indicates how the set is defined. See comment 2 for description of

subtypes.
Default = LIST (LIST, BBOX, PROP, MAT or ELTYPE)
OPERATOR
Operators supported in defining Boolean sets (see comments 4, 5, and

6.)
No default (OR, AND, NOT, MINUS)
ID#
ID list. Only valid for certain combinations of TYPE and SUBTYPE. The
entity to which the ID corresponds depends on the TYPE and SUBTYPE
of the set (see comment 2).
ID ranges may be used in combination with ID lists. The keywords
EXCEPT and THRU are used to define ID ranges. The keyword ENDTHRU
identifies the end of an ID range and is required if an ID list is to follow
where the first value is within the previous range.
ID lists following EXCEPT must be in ascending order and must exist
within the previous range.
MODE#
Mode number list. Only valid when TYPE is MODE (see comment 2).
Mode number ranges may be used in combination with Mode number
lists. The same rules apply as for ID ranges.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
REAL#
Real value list. Only valid when TYPE is FREQ or TIME (see comment
2).
No default (Real)
NAME#
Keyword list. Only valid for certain combinations of TYPE and SUBTYPE.
The keyword EXCEPT is allowed only as the first entry in a keyword list.
Default = Undefined (see comment 2)
SID#
Identification number of another SET definition. Used in defining Boolean

sets. Only valid when OPERATOR is defined in SUBTYPE/OPERATOR field
(see comments 4, 5, 6, and 7).
No default (Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>)
X1, Y1, Z1
X2, Y2, Z2
X, Y & Z coordinates of two opposing corners of a cuboid. Only valid

when SUBTYPE is BBOX (see comment 2).
No default (Real)
G1, G2
Grid IDs (G1, G2) can be used instead of (X1, Y1, Z1), (X2, Y2, Z2)
data (see field descriptions above). G1, G2 should be defined in the
basic coordinate system (CP field on the GRID entries should be blank).
ALL
Keyword used for ID lists to indicate that all IDs of the appropriate
entity type are to be included in the set.
Only valid in first field of ID list.
May be followed by keyword EXCEPT (see below).
THRU
Keyword used for ID ranges to indicate that all IDs between the
preceding ID and the following ID are to be included in the set.
Definition of range may contain list of exceptions in the following form:
N1 THRU N2 EXCEPT N3 N4 ... ENDTHRU
where N1 < N3 < N4... < N2; N1 < N2
EXCEPT
Keyword used for ID ranges and keyword lists to indicate that the
following IDs or keywords are to be excluded from the set.
Only valid in first field for keyword lists.
When ALL is given as the first entry for an ID list, EXCEPT may be given
as the second entry, in which case all subsequent IDs are excluded from
the set of ALL entities of the defined TYPE.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
ENDTHRU
Optional keyword used after EXCEPT to indicate the end of an excluded

ID list definition.
Comments
1.
SID must be unique with respect to all other SET definitions (regardless of type). It must
also be unique with respect to any SURF entries and any legacy SET/PSET I/O Options
definitions.
2.
The following table describes subtype combinations and the set TYPEs for which they are
valid.
TYPE
SUBTYPE
Description
GRID
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of grids - structural grids (GRID) or scalar

points (SPOINT) - defined either as a simple list of grid
IDs, or as some combination of ranges of grid IDs and
lists of grid IDs.
BBOX
This is a set of grids defined by a bounding box. The

fields X1, Y1, and Z1 provide the coordinates of one
corner and X2, Y2, and Z2 the coordinates of an
opposing corner of a cuboid. All grids contained within
this cuboid are included in the set.
The bounding box can also be defined using the G1 and
G2 fields instead of (X1, Y1, and Z1) and (X2, Y2, and
Z2), respectively.
ELEM
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of elements defined either as a simple list of

element IDs, or as some combination of ranges of
element IDs and lists of element IDs.
BBOX
This is a set of elements defined by a bounding box. The

fields X1, Y1, and Z1 provide the coordinates of one
corner and X2, Y2, and Z2 the coordinates of an
opposing corner of a cuboid. All elements whose
centroids are contained within this cuboid are included in
the set.
The bounding box can also be defined using the G1 and
G2 fields instead of (X1, Y1, and Z1) and (X2, Y2, and
Z2), respectively.
PROP
This is a set of elements defined in one of the following

ways:
1.
Through a list of property IDs, or some combination

Altair Engineering
TYPE
SUBTYPE
Description
of ranges of property IDs and lists of property IDs.
If multiple properties have the same ID (as PBAR and
PSHELL may), they are all considered. All elements
referencing the selected properties are included in
the set.
2.
Through a list of property types. All elements

referencing properties of the listed type (PBAR,
PCOMP, PSHELL, and so on) are included in the set.
3.
Through a list of excluded property types. All

elements except those referencing properties of the
listed type, following the keyword EXCEPT, are
included in the set.
4.
List of property types or list of excluded property

types may be followed by some combination of
ranges of property IDs and lists of property IDs. All
elements referencing properties satisfying both
requirements (type and ID) are included in (or
accepted from) the set.
MAT
This is a set of elements defined through a list of

material IDs, or some combination of ranges of material
IDs and lists of material IDs. All elements referencing
properties, that in turn reference the selected materials,
are included in the set.
ELTYPE
This is a set of elements defined in one of the following

ways:
1.
Through a list of element types. All elements of the

listed type (CQUAD4, CHEXA, CBEAM, and so on) are
included in the set.
2.
Through a list of excluded element types. All

elements except those of the listed type, following
the keyword EXCEPT, are included in the set.
In addition to all valid element types, the following

element type groupings may be used:
Altair Engineering
SOLID
for CTETRA, CPYRA, CPENTA and CHEXA

elements referencing structural property
definitions
FLAT
for CQUAD4, CQUAD8, CTRIA3 and CTRIA6

elements.

TYPE
SUBTYPE
Description
SHELL
for FLAT elements referencing properties

with non-zero MID2.
MEMBRANE for FLAT elements referencing properties

with zero MID2.
BEAM
for CBAR and CBEAM elements.
ROD
for CONROD and CROD elements.
FLUID
for CTETRA, CPYRA, CPENTA and CHEXA

elements referencing fluid property
definitions.
For rigid elements (RROD, RBAR, RBE1, RBE2 and RBE3).

See RIGID below.
RIGID
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of Rigid elements defined either as a simple

list of Rigid element IDs, or as a combination of ranges of
Rigid element IDs and lists of Rigid element IDs.
GRIDC
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of GRID/Component pairs.
DESVAR
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of design variables defined either as a

simple list of design variable IDs, or as some combination
of ranges of design variable IDs and lists of design
variable IDs.
MODE
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of mode numbers defined as a simple list of

mode numbers, or as some combination of ranges of
mode numbers and lists of mode numbers.
FREQ
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of real values representing frequencies

defined simply as a list of real values.
TIME
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of real values representing times defined

simply as a list of real values.
LABEL
LIST
or
undefined
List of arbitrary labels. Each label must start with a

letter and contain only letters or digits.

Altair Engineering
TYPE
SUBTYPE
Description
PLY
LIST
or
undefined
This is a set of ply IDs defined in the PLY or PCOMPG

data entries.
3.
SET definitions using IDs may refer to non-existing entities. This is allowed, but the
actual SET will contain only grids or elements which are actually present in the structure.
4.
The Boolean operators OR, AND, NOT and MINUS are recognized for SET combinations.
These operators are described here:
Operator Description
OR
An entity is included in the SET if it is included in at least one of the

constituent sets. Is the entity in set1 or set2 or set3 ?
AND
An entity is included in the SET if it is included in all of the listed sets. Is

the entity in set1 and set2 and set3 ?
NOT
An entity is included in the SET if it is not included in the listed set. Is

the entity in set1?; if not then it is included in this set.
Only one set may be listed for the NOT operator.
MINUS
An entity is included in the SET if it is included in the first set, but not in
the second set. Only two sets may be listed for when this operator is
used.
5.
Boolean SET definitions can only be used when all listed sets are of the same TYPE.
6.
Boolean SET definitions can reference other Boolean sets, but circular references must be
avoided. Boolean SET can be defined only for GRID, ELEM, or RIGID set types.
7.
references on SET entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
contains the referenced local entry (part names are defined on the BEGIN bulk data entry
The SET bulk data entry can be used in the global part to reference SETs defined within
different parts. These SET entries in the global part can contain fully qualified references
to part-specific SET data only if logical operators (OPERATOR field) are used. For
example:
The following SET entry exists in part A:
BEGIN, FEMODEL, A
SET, 29, ELEM, LIST
Altair Engineering

15 THRU 30
END, FEMODEL, A
Referencing SET, 29 in the global part G:
BEGIN, FEMODEL, G
SET, 78, ELEM, OR
A.29
END, FEMODEL, G
8.

Altair Engineering
SET1
Bulk Data Entry
SET1 Set Definition
Description
Defines a list of structural grid points or element identification numbers.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SET1
SID
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
etc.
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SET1
31
62
93
124
16
17
18
(10)
19
Example 2
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SET1
29
32
THRU
50
61
THRU
70
17
57
Field
Contents
SID
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
IDi
List of structural grid point or element identification numbers.

(Integer > 0 or "THRU, ENDTHRU, and EXCEPT"; for the "THRU" option,
ID1 < ID2)
Comments
1.
When using "THRU," missing ID's are ignored.
2.
All set IDs must be unique for all bulk data SET, SET1, SET3, and solution control SET
data.
3.
The use of keywords THRU, ENDTHRU, and EXCEPT are allowed.
4.

Altair Engineering
SET3
Bulk Data Entry
SET3 Set Definition
Description
Defines a set of grids or elements.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SET3
SID
TYPE
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
etc.
(10)
Example 1
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SET3
PROP
11
12
13
15
18
21
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SET3
SID
TYPE
ID1
"THRU"
ID2
SET3
33
GRID
20
THRU
60
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
TYPE
Set type (Character). Valid options include "GRID," "ELEM," and "PROP."
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
IDi
Identifiers of grid points, elements, or properties.

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
If the set type is PROP, then a list of elements associated with the property ID's listed is
created.
2.
All set IDs must be unique for all bulk data SET, SET1, SET3, and solution control SET
data.
3.
The use of keywords THRU, ENDTHRU, and EXCEPT are allowed.
4.

Altair Engineering
SLOAD
Bulk Data Entry
SLOAD Static Scalar Load
Description
Defines concentrated static loads on scalar, grid or fluid points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
SLOAD
SID
S1
F1
S2
F2
S3
F3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SLOAD
21
4.5
29.0
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

S#
Identification number of a scalar, grid or fluid point.

F#
Load magnitude.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
SLOAD may be referenced as the EXCITEID on an ACSRCE bulk data entry.
2.
Up to three loads may be defined on a single entry.
Altair Engineering

SOLVTYP
Bulk Data Entry
SOLVTYP Solver Selection for Static Analysis and Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Analysis
Description
This bulk data entry can be used to define the solver type to be used for linear and nonlinear
static analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SOLVTYP
SID
SOLVER
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Continuation line for SOLVER = PCG, MIXED and AUTO

PC ON
MAXIT
ITOL
TOL
Continuation line for SOLVER = MUMPS

ORDM
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
SOLVTYP
PC G
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
FAI
Alternate Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
SOLVTYP
MUMPS

Altair Engineering
PORD
Field
Contents
SID

SOLVER
Indicates the solver to be used. See comments 2, 3 and 4.

BCS Boeing Solver (direct solver).
MUMPS MUMPS Solver (direct solver).
PCG - Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (iterative solver).
MIXED Mixed solver using both BCS and PCG.
AUTO Select automatic between BCS and PCG.
Default = BCS - for linear static analysis and geometric nonlinear implicit
dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS = IMPDYN);
Default = MIXED - for geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis
(ANALYSIS = NLGEOM).
PCON
Indicates the type of pre-conditioner to be used.

NO - No Pre-conditioner
DJ - Diagonal Jacobi
ICH - Incomplete Cholesky
SICH - Stabilized Incomplete Cholesky
FAI - Factored Approximate Inverse
Default = FAI (Character)
MAXIT
Maximum number of iterations

Default = Number of degrees-of-freedom of the system (Integer > 0 or
blank)
ITOL
Convergence criteria for preconditioned iterative solver.

RROM - Relative residual of original matrices ||r|| < TOL * ||b||
RRPM1 - Relative residual of preconditioned matrices ||r|| < TOL * ||
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
b||
RRPM2 - Relative residual of preconditioned matrices ||r|| < TOL * ||
A|| * ||x||
If the solver solves Ax = b, the residual is r = Ax - b.
Default = RRPM2 (Character)
TOL
Convergence tolerance.
Default = 1.0e-5 for ITOL = RROM, RRPM1 or
single precision machine precision (3.0e-8) for ITOL = RRPM2 (Real > 0
or blank)
ORDM
Ordering method for the MUMPS solver (see comments 8 and 9).
AMD Approximate minimum degree method (AMD)
PORD PORD package
METIS METIS package
AUTO Automatically select between PORD and METIS.
Default = METIS (Character)
Comments
1.
SOLVTYP bulk data must be referenced by a SOLVTYP subcase statement. It only applies
to linear static subcases, geometric nonlinear implicit static analysis (ANALYSIS=NLGEOM)
and geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS=IMPDYN).
2.
In optimization of linear static subcases, if iterative solver is selected, and if the

responses DRESP1, RTYPE = DISP, LAMA, STRESS, STRAIN, CSTRESS, CSTRAIN,
CFAILURE, or FORCE are present the solver is automatically reverted to the direct solver.
3.
MUMPS is the default non-symmetric solver for nonlinear contact analysis when friction is
present; it is also available as an optional symmetric solver for static runs. MUMPS is SMP
parallelized. Generally, MUMPS performance is similar to or better than the performance of
BCS, especially for 2D models.
MUMPS stands for Multifrontal Massively Parallel sparse direct Solver.
For more details, see http://graal.ens-lyon.fr/MUMPS/index.php?page=home
4.
Overview of default settings and options for the SOLVER field:

Altair Engineering
SOLVER
=BCS
SOLVER
=MUMPS
SOLVER
=PCG
SOLVER
=MIXED
SOLVER
=AUTO
Linear static
analysis
Default
Optional
Optional
N/A
N/A
Nonlinear static
analysis
Default
Optional
N/A
N/A
N/A
Nonlinear contact
analysis (when
friction is
present)
Optional
Default
N/A
N/A
N/A
Geometric
nonlinear implicit
static analysis
(NLGEOM)
Optional
N/A
Optional
Default
Optional
Geometric
nonlinear implicit
dynamic analysis
(IMPDYN)
Default
N/A
Optional
Optional
Optional
Subcase type
5.
The iterative solver is a preconditioned conjugate gradient solver. A Factored

Approximate Inverse Preconditioner is the default method. This solver is also SMP
parallelized.
6.
The performance of the iterative solver depends on the conditioning of the stiffness
matrix. For compact solid models, the iterative solver may perform considerably better
than the direct solver in terms of memory usage and elapsed times for a single linear
static subcase. In the case of multiple linear static subcases, the iterative solver may
perform worse than the direct solver. The breakeven point is at about 4-6 subcases.
The performance depends on model, hardware, operating system, and potentially the
system load. The performance may be below expectations on Itanium-based computers.
7.
When the automatic solver option (SOLVER = AUTO) has been chosen, PCG is used first,
the solver will be changed automatically to direct solver (BCS) if PCG performance is
estimated slower than direct solver. In this case, direct solver will be used for the
remainder of the run.
8.
ORDM = PORD provides better performance for a shell-type model.
9.
For further information about the MUMPS solver ordering method (ORDM) options, refer to
the MUMPS 4.10 manual.
Altair Engineering

SPC
Bulk Data Entry
SPC Single-Point Constraint
Description
Defines sets of single-point constraints, enforced displacements for static analysis, and
thermal boundary conditions for heat transfer analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
SPC
SID
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
SPC
32
436
0.0
(6)
(7)
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of single-point constraint set.
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

(Integer > 0 or <PartName.number>)
Component numbers.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to six unique digits (0 < digit <
6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points. The
Value of enforced displacement for all coordinates designated by G and C.

(Real)
Comments

Altair Engineering
1.

Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on any RBAR, RBE1, RBE2, or RROD entry.
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on an MPC set referenced in the same
subcase.
2.
Single-point forces of constraint are recovered during stress data recovery.
3.
Up to twelve single-point constraints may be defined on a single entry.
4.
Continuations are not allowed.
5.
SPC degrees-of-freedom may be redundantly specified as permanent constraints on the

GRID entry.
6.
For static analyses, SPCs can be used to define enforced displacements.
7.
For static and dynamic analyses, when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O
option is set to CHECK (default) or STRICT, it is required for grid/component pairs (G#/
C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid reference is a scalar point (SPOINT),
and that the component be > 1 when the grid reference is a structural grid point (GRID).
When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, it is allowed for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the
grid reference be either a scalar point (SPOINT) or a structural grid point (GRID) when the
structural grids. When the component is greater than 1, the grid reference must always
8.
For linear steady-state heat transfer analysis, an SPC may be used to define a
temperature boundary condition. For thermal boundary conditions, the component should
be 0 or blank when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to
CHECK(default) or STRICT. When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED 1 is also accepted as the
component.
9.
references on SPC entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
10. This card is represented as a constraint load in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

SPC1
Bulk Data Entry
SPC1 Single-Point Constraint, Alternate Form
Description
Defines sets of single-point constraints and thermal boundary conditions.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SPC 1
SID
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
-etc.-
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SPC 1
SID
G1
"thru"
G2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SPC 1
10
THRU
33
71
87
thru
SPC 1
(10)
100
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of single-point constraint set.

(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Component number.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to six unique digits (0 < digit <
6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for grid points. The
Gi

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.

Included in another single-point constraint (SPC or SPC1).
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on any RBAR, RBE1, RBE2, or RROD entry.
Declared a dependent degree-of-freedom on an MPC set referenced in the same
subcase.
2.
Note that enforced displacements are not available via this entry.
3.
Any number of continuations may appear.
4.
lines.
5.
SPC degrees-of-freedom may be redundantly specified as permanent constraints on the

GRID entry.
6.
7.
For static and dynamic analyses, when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O
option is set to CHECK (default) or MIXED, it is allowed that when grid lists are provided
for a given component, that the grid references be either scalar points (SPOINT) or
structural grid points (GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these
as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for structural grids. When SPSYNTAX is set to STRICT, it
is required for grid/component pairs (G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the
grid references are to scalar points (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the
grid references are to structural grid points (GRID). When the component is greater than
1, the grid references must always be a structural grid (GRID).
8.
For linear steady-state heat transfer analysis, SPC1 may be used to define temperature
boundary conditions; however, unless paired with an SPCD entry, the enforced
temperature is 0.0. For thermal boundary conditions, the component should be 0 or blank
when the SPSYNTAX setting on the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or
STRICT. When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, 1 is also accepted as the component.
9.
Altair Engineering

SPCADD
Bulk Data Entry
SPCADD Single-Point Constraint Set Combination
Description
Defines a single-point constraint set as a union of single-point constraint sets defined via SPC
or SPC1 entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SPC ADD
SID
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
(10)
-etc-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
SPC ADD
101
(7)
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number for new single-point constraint set.
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Si
Identification numbers of single-point constraint sets defined via SPC or SPC1

entries.
Comments
1.
The Si field should not reference the identification number of a single-point constraint set
defined by another SPCADD entry.
2.
The Si values must be unique.

Altair Engineering
3.
SPCADD entries take precedence over SPC or SPC1 entries. If both have the same set
ID, only the SPCADD entry is used.
4.
If all Si are non-existent the solver will exit with an error termination.
5.
references on SPCADD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference
6.
Altair Engineering

SPCD
Bulk Data Entry
SPCD Enforced Motion Value
Description
Defines an enforced displacement value for static analysis, an enforced displacement, velocity
or acceleration for dynamic analysis and a thermal boundary condition for heat transfer (or
transient heat transfer) analysis. It can also be used to define the EXCITEID field (Amplitude
A) of dynamic loads in RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 bulk data entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
SPC D
SID
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
SPC D
100
32
436
-2.6
+2.9
Field
Contents
SID
Identification number of a static load set.
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

Component numbers in the global coordinate system.

(6 > Integer > 0; up to six unique such digits may be placed in the field with
no embedded blanks)
Value of enforced motion for all grids and components designated by G and
C.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
(Real)
Comments
1.
The degree-of-freedom (G and C) referenced on this entry must also be referenced on an

SPC or SPC1 bulk data entry and selected by the SPC subcase information command in
the same subcase.
2.
For use in linear static and linear steady state heat transfer analyses, the load set
identification number must be selected by the LOAD subcase information command.
3.
Values of D will override the values specified on an SPC bulk data entry if selected for use
in the same subcase.
4.
For use in dynamic analysis, the load set identification number must be referenced by the
EXCITEID field of an RLOAD1, RLOAD2, TLOAD1, or TLOAD2 bulk data entry that has
enforced motion specified in its TYPE field.
5.
The bulk data LOAD combination entry cannot combine an SPCD load.
6.
This method of applying enforced displacements in static analysis is equivalent to that of

using an SPC entry. For static and dynamic analyses, when the SPSYNTAX setting on
the SYSSETTING I/O option is set to CHECK (default) or STRICT, it is required for grid/
component pairs (G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid reference is a
scalar point (SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the grid reference is a
structural grid point (GRID). When SPSYNTAX is set to MIXED, it is allowed for grid/
component pairs (G#/C#) that the grid reference be either a scalar point (SPOINT) or a
structural grid point (GRID) when the component is 0, 1 or blank; interpreting all of these
as 0 for scalar points and as 1 for structural grids. When the component is greater than
1, the grid reference must always be a structural grid (GRID).
7.
The SPCD units for rotational degrees of freedom is radians.
8.
For use in transient heat transfer analysis, the load set identification number must be
referenced by the EXCITEID field of a TLOAD1 or TLOAD2 bulk data entry that has
enforced temperature specified in its TYPE field (TYPE = 1).
9.
references on SPCD entries in the model. A fully qualified reference (PartName.number)
10. This card is represented as a constraint load in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

SPOINT
Bulk Data Entry
SPOINT Scalar-Point
Description
Defines scalar points.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SPOINT
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SPOINT
ID1
"THRU"
ID2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SPOINT
18
16
THRU
47
99
THRU
128
Field
Contents
ID#
Scalar point identification number.
(10)
No default (0 < Integer)

Comments
1.
A scalar point defined by its appearance on the connection entry for a scalar element
(see the CELAS, CMASS, and CDAMP entries) need not appear on an SPOINT entry.

Altair Engineering
2.
All scalar point identification numbers must be unique with respect to all other scalar and
grid points.
3.
This entry is used primarily to define scalar points appearing in single-point or multipoint
constraint equations to which no scalar elements are connected.
4.
If the alternate format is used, all scalar points ID1 through ID2 are defined. ID1 must be
less than ID2.
5.
Alternate format can be combined with regular format, and it can span across
continuation lines.
6.
This card is represented as a node in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

STACK
Bulk Data Entry
STACK Stacking Information for Ply-Based Composite Definition
Description
Defines the stacking information and stacking sequence for ply-based composite definition.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
STAC K
ID
LAM
PLYID1
PLYID2
PLYID3
PLYID4
PLYID5
PLYID6
PLYID7
(10)
Optional continuation lines for substack definitions:

SUB
SID1
SNAME1
SPLYID1
1
SPLYID1
2
SPLYID1
3
SPLYID1
4
SPLYID1
5
SPLYID1
6
SPLYID1
7
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
Optional continuation lines for interface definitions:

INT
IPLYID11 IPLYID12
Example 1
Defines a stack consisting of 8 plies with the SMEAR option

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
STAC K
SMEAR
1010100
1020100
1010200
1020200
1010300
1020300
1010400
1020400
(10)
Example 2

Altair Engineering
Defines a stack with substack and interface information. They ply layout is shown below.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
STAC K
SUB
top
11
12
13
14
SUB
left
21
22
23
24
SUB
right
31
32
33
34
SUB
middle
41
42
43
INT
14
21
INT
14
31
INT
21
41
INT
43
31
Altair Engineering
(9)
(10)

Field
Contents
ID
Unique stack identification number.

LAM
Laminate option. If blank, all plies must be specified and all stiffness terms are
developed. The following options are supported:
SYM:
Only plies on the bottom half of the composite lay-up need to be

specified. These plies are automatically symmetrically reflected to the
top half of the composite and given consecutive numbers from bottom
to top.
MEM:
All plies must be specified, but only membrane terms are developed.
BEND:
All plies must be specified, but only bending terms are developed.
SMEAR:
All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is

set equal to MID2 on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4,
TS/T, and 12I/T**3 are set to zero.
SMEARZ0:
All plies must be specified, stacking sequence is ignored. While the

laminate is still considered to be made of homogenized (smeared)
material, the effect of offset Z0 is taken into account. Hence, if Z0 is
not equal to -0.5*Thick, the equivalent PSHELL will include MID1,
MID2 and MID4. MID3 is still set to zero, that is no transverse shear
deformation is considered.
SMCORE:
All plies must be specified. The last ply specifies core properties and
the previous plies specify face sheet properties. The face sheet
properties are calculated without regard for stacking sequence; half of
the total face sheet thickness is then placed on top of the core, and
half is placed on the bottom, to produce a symmetric laminate.
Stiffness of the core is ignored while its density is included in inertia
calculations.
SYMEM:

to top. Only membrane terms are developed for the full laminate.
SYBEND:

to top. Only bending terms are developed for the full laminate.
SYSMEAR:


Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
to top. Stacking sequence is ignored, and MID1 is set equal to MID2
on the derived equivalent PSHELL, while MID3, MID4, TS/T and 12I/
T**3 are set to zero.
Default = blank, that is all plies must be specified (SYM, MEM, BEND, SMEAR,
SMCORE, SYMEM, SYBEND or SYSMEAR)
PLYID#
PLY identification number.

SUB
SUB flag indicating that substack data is to follow.
SID#
Substack identification number.

SNAME
#
Substack user-defined name.
SPLYID
#
PLY identification number.
INT
INT flag indicating that interface data is to follow.
IPLYID# PLY identification number.

Comments
1.
The STACK card is used in combination with the PCOMPP and PLY cards to create
2.
Plies are listed from the bottom surface upward, in respect to the elements normal
direction. In the image below, (a) shows the stacking sequence for a non-symmetrical
laminate, and (b) shows the stacking sequence for a symmetrical laminate.
Altair Engineering

3.
For convenience, element output for the SMEAR and SMCORE options includes both
4.
Multiple instances of substack and interface continuations are allowed.
5.
This card is represented as a laminate in HyperMesh.

Altair Engineering
SUPORT
Bulk Data Entry
SUPORT Fictitious Support
Description
Defines determinate reaction degrees-of-freedom in a free body.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SUPORT
ID1
C1
ID2
C2
ID3
C3
ID4
C4
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
SUPORT
16
215
(4)
(5)
Field
Contents
ID#
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

C#
Component numbers.
No default (Any unique combination, with no embedded blanks, of
the integers 1 through 6 for grid points; or 0 for scalar points)
Comments
1.
The SUPORT entry specifies reference degrees-of-freedom for rigid body motion. It is not
intended to be used in place of a constraint (SPCi entry or PS on the GRID entry, for
example).
2.
SUPORT and/or SUPORT1 entries are required to activate inertia relief unless PARAM,
INREL, -2 is specified, then SUPORT and/or SUPORT1 entries are not required.
3.
Be careful not to spell SUPORT with two Ps.
Altair Engineering

4.
Degrees-of-freedom specified on this entry cannot be defined as dependent degrees-offreedom in rigid body element or constrained in SPCi entry or PS on the GRID entry.
5.
An alternative to SUPORT is the SUPORT1 entry, which is requested by the SUPORT1 I/O
Options and Subcase Information command.
6.

Altair Engineering
SUPORT1
Bulk Data Entry
SUPORT1 Fictitious Support, Alternate Form
Description
Defines determinate reaction degrees-of-freedom in a free body. The SUPORT1 bulk data
entry must be requested in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections by the SUPORT1
data selection command.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
SUPORT1
SID
ID1
C1
ID2
C2
ID3
C3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
SUPORT1
16
215
(5)
(6)
Field
Contents
SID
Set identification number. See comment 1.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

ID#

C#
Component numbers.
No default (Any unique combination, with no embedded blanks, of the
integers 1 through 6 for grid points; or 0 for scalar points)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
SUPORT1 bulk data entries will not be used unless specifically selected in a subcase
definition by the SUPORT1 subcase information entry.
2.
SUPORT bulk data entries are applied in all subcases.
3.
The SUPORT1 bulk data entry must be requested in the I/O Options or Subcase
Information sections by the SUPORT1 data selection command. The degrees-of-freedom
specified on SUPORT1 will be combined with those on the SUPORT entry.
4.
Be careful not to spell SUPORT with two Ps.
5.
Degrees of freedom specified on this entry cannot be defined as dependent degrees-offreedom in rigid body element or constrained in SPCi entry or PS on the GRID entry.
6.

Altair Engineering
SURF
Bulk Data Entry
SURF Surface Definition
Description
Defines a face of a 2D or 3D element as part of a surface.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
SURF
SRFID
ELFAC E
EID1
GA1
GB1
NORMAL1
EID2
GA2
GB2
NORMAL2
EID3
...
...
...
...
...
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternative Format (faceted surface)

In this format, surface is represented as collection of 3- or 4-noded polygons (facets). Each
facet is defined by 3 or 4 GRID IDs.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
SURF
SRFID
FAC E
GA1
GB1
GC 1
GD1
GA2
GB2
GC 2
GD2
GA3
...
...
...
...
...
Altair Engineering
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

Alternative Format (SET Format)

A surface may also be defined using a form of the SET bulk data entry. With this approach,
the surface is composed of all selected 2D elements and the external faces of all selected 3D
elements; that is, those faces that are not connected to any other 3D elements faces in the
model.
To use this format, the SURF keyword is used in place of the SET keyword and the TYPE must
be ELEM. All methods for defining a set of type ELEM are valid for this form of surface
definition. Refer to the SET bulk data entry.
Field
Contents
SRFID
Surface identification number.

ELFACE
Flag indicating that the surface is composed of an element face.
EID#
2D or 3D element identification number.

GA#
Identification number of a grid point at the corner of the desired face of a

3D element.
This field must be blank for 2D elements.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, blank)
GB#
Optional grid point identification number. Used to identify face of 3D

elements. See comment 1.
Default = blank (Integer > 0, blank)
NORMAL Identifies the normal direction for a face of the surface. The normal of a
face of a surface may be different from the normal of the underlying
elements.
0: normal matches the normal of the underlying element. For 3D elements,
this is pointing into the element.
1: normal direction is opposite of the underlying element. For 3D elements,
this is pointing out of the element.
Comments
1.
GB is used to identify faces of solid elements based on the following table:

Altair Engineering
For HEXA elements:
Identification number of a grid point at a corner of the desired

face that is diagonally opposite GA.
For PENTA elements: Quad faces:
Tria faces:
2.
Identification number of a grid point at a corner of

the desired face that is diagonally opposite GA.
Leave blank.
For TETRA
elements:
Identification number of a grid point at the corner opposite the

desired face.
For PYRA elements:
Quad faces:
Leave blank
Tria faces:
GA and GB must specify the grids on the edge of the

face that borders the quadrilateral face, and the
grids must be ordered so that they define an inward
normal using the right hand rule.
This card is represented as a contactsurface in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

SWLDPRM
Bulk Data Entry
SWLDPRM Parameters for CWELD and CSEAM Connector Elements
Description
Defines values of parameters used during the CWELD and CSEAM connectivity search.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SWLDPR
M
PARAM1
VAL1
PARAM2
VAL2
PARAM3
VAL3
PARAM4
VAL4
PARAM5
VAL5
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
SWLDPRM
GSPROJ
15.0
PRTSW
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Alternate Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SWLDPR
M
PARAM1
VAL1
PARAM2
VAL2
C TYPE1
PARAM3
VAL3
PARAM4
VAL4
C TYPE2
PARAM5
VAL5
PARAM6
VAL6
PARAM7
VAL7
(10)
-etc.-
Example (Alternate Format)

Altair Engineering
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
SWLDPRM
GSPROJ
15.0
PRTSW
C WELD
GSMOVE
NREDIA
PROJTO
L
0.03
C SEAM
C NRAGLI
150.0
GSPROJ
20.0
SHOWAU
X
Field
Contents
PARAM#
Name of parameter.
VAL#
Value of parameter
CTYPE
Connector type keyword to control the element specific parameters.

Parameters following a keyword will only be applied to the element type
specified by the keyword.
(10)
Supported connector types: CWELD or CSEAM

While textual values are recommended for clarity, their integer equivalents will
also be read. The available parameters and their values are listed below (click
the parameter name for parameter descriptions).
Parameter
Value
CHKRUN
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
CNRAGLI
90.0 < Real < 160.0 or -1.0

Default = 160.0
CNRAGLO
0.0 < Real < 90.0 or -1.0

Default = 20.0
GMCHK
NO, 0, YES, 1, FULL, or 2

Default = NO
GSMOVE
Integer > 0
Default = 0
Altair Engineering

Parameter
Value
GSPROJ
0.0 < Real < 90.0 or -1.0

Default = 20.0
GSTOL
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.0
NREDIA
O < Integer < 4

Default = 0
PROJTOL
0.0 < Real < 0.5

Default = 0.05
PRTSW
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
SHOWAUX
0, 1, 2, 3
Default = 0
Comments
1.
The SWLDPRM entry changes the default settings of parameters for the CWELD and
CSEAM connectivity entries. None of the parameters of this entry are required. The
default settings should be changed only for diagnostic and debug purposes. Only one
SWLDPRM entry is allowed in the bulk data section.
2.
Connectivities are created for the CSEAM element and for the CWELD element with
PARTPAT, ELPAT, ELEMID and GRIDID formats. With the parameters on this entry, you
can debug and alter the search algorithm which creates these connector elements.
3.
Before the presence of any keyword of the connector, that is CWELD and CSEAM, the
parameter set on the entry will be regarded as global, and it will be applied to all of the
connector elements unless it only serves a specific type of connector.
4.
Any parameter following a connector keyword will only be applied to the element type
specified by the keyword until the presence of another keyword.
5.
Blank fields are allowed in this entry. However, blank fields are not allowed between the
parameter name and the corresponding parameter value or between the connector
keyword and the parameter name followed. If the parameter name or the connector
keyword is located just before the continuation field, then the following content must be
placed in the first field after the continuation marker.
6.
Further detailed information about the individual connector elements can be found on the
pertinent CWELD and CSEAM bulk data entries.
7.
Some of the above parameters apply only to selected connector types. Such information
is provided within the detailed description of individual parameters.

Altair Engineering
SWLDPRM, CHKRUN
Parameter
CHKRUN
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
Stop or allow the run after the connectivities of all the

connector elements have been generated. This
parameter must be global, meaning it should be placed
before the presence of the first connector keyword.
If NO or 0, the solver will run to completion, unless other
errors are present.
If YES or 1, the solver will stop after connectivity of all
connector elements has been checked.
Altair Engineering

SWLDPRM, CNRAGLI
Parameter
CNRAGLI
Values
Description
90.0 < Real < 180.0 For CSEAM element only. Minimum angle allowed
or -1.0
between the free edges (no other element shares
these edges) of shell elements EIDSA and EIDEA or
Default = 160.0
EIDSB and EIDEB. The CSEAM element will be rejected
if this minimum angle is violated. See the following
figure.
If < CNRAGLI, this CSEAM element is rejected (for

clarity suppose that the bold lines are the only couple
of free edges, while the others are connected with
shell elements not shown in this figure).
If CNRAGLI is set to -1.0, the program will skip the
checking of CNRAGLI.

Altair Engineering
SWLDPRM, CNRAGLO
Parameter
CNRAGLO
Values
Description
0.0 < Real < 90.0

or -1.0
Default = 20.0
For CSEAM element only. Maximum angle allowed

between the normal vectors of EIDSA and EIDEA or
EIDSB and EIDEB. The CSEAM element will not be
generated if the angle between these two normal
vectors is greater than the value of CNRAGLO. This
prevents generating single CSEAM element across a very
curved shell configuration. See the following figure.
If > CNRAGLO, this CSEAM element is rejected. The

same check is also applied to the angle between the
normal vectors of EIDSB and EIDEB.
If CNRAGLO is set to -1.0, the program will skip the
checking of CNRAGLO.
Altair Engineering

SWLDPRM, GMCHK
Parameter
GMCHK
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, 1, FULL, or

2
A switch to perform geometry check for certain

types of connector elements (presently it only
applies to CSEAM).
Default = NO
If NO or 0, no geometry check.
If YES or 1, perform geometry checks for
connector elements.
If FULL or 2, perform geometry checks for
connector elements and output the shell element
ID(s) if an error is found.
If GMCHK=1 or 2, the program will check whether
the CSEAM element spans a cutout or a corner.
If the CSEAM element does, an error will be
issued.
If GMCHK=1 or 2 and GSPROJ > 0, the program
will check the angle between the normal vectors
of Shell A and Shell B. If the angle is larger than
the value defined by GSPROJ, an error will be
issued.
If GMCHK=1 or 2 and CNRAGLO > 0, the program
will check the angle between the normal vectors
of EIDSA and EIDEA or EIDSB and EIDEB. If the
angle is larger than the value defined by
CNRAGLO, an error will be issued.
If GMCHK=1 or 2 and CNRAGLI > 0, the program
will check the angle between the free edges of
shell elements EIDSA and EIDEA or EIDSB and
EIDEB. If the angle is smaller than the value
defined by CNRAGLI, an error will be issued.

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SWLDPRM, GSMOVE
Parameter
GSMOVE
Values
Description
Integer > 0
Default = 0
Altair Engineering
Maximum number of times GS for the CWELD (PARTPAT or

ELPAT format) or GS/GE for the CSEAM is moved in cases
when not all auxiliary points have projections onto the patch
of shells.

SWLDPRM, GSPROJ
Parameter
GSPROJ
Values
Description
0.0 < Real < 90.0

or -1.0
Default = 20.0
Maximum angle allowed between the normal vectors of

Shell A and Shell B. Shell A and Shell B are located on
the two different shell surfaces that need to be
connected by the connector element. The connector
element will not be generated if the angle between
these two normal vectors is greater than the value of
GSPROJ. This prevents the generation of connector
elements between shell components that depart from
being parallel to each other. See the following figure.
If > GSPROJ, this connector element is rejected.

Meanwhile, for CSEAM, when locating possible
candidate shell elements to support the auxiliary points,
the program will also check the angle between the
normal vector of the candidate and the thickness
direction of the CSEAM element. If the angle is larger
than the value defined by GSPROJ, this candidate will
be ignored. If the ignored candidate is one of EIDSA,
EIDSB, EIDEA or EIDEB, a warning will be issued.
If GSPROJ is set to -1.0, the program will skip the
checking of GSPROJ.

Altair Engineering
SWLDPRM, GSTOL
Parameter
GSTOL
Values
Description
Real > 0.0

Default = 0.0
Presently it only applies to CSEAM. Maximum distance

between GS-SA, GS-SB, GE-EA and GE-EB for CSEAM.
See the following figure.
If the distance is greater than GSTOL, then the

connector element will not be generated and an error will
be issued.
If GSTOL is set to 0.0, the program will skip the checking
of GSTOL.
Altair Engineering

SWLDPRM, NREDIA
Parameter
NREDIA
Values
Description
0 < Integer < 4 Maximum number of times the diameter (which is used in
locating auxiliary points) is reduced by half when not all
Default = 0
auxiliary points have projections onto the patch of shells.
This parameter is for CWELD (PARTPAT and ELPAT) only.

Altair Engineering
SWLDPRM, PROJTOL
Parameter
PROJTOL
Values
Description
0.0 < Real < 0.5

Default = 0.05
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Tolerance to accept the projected points (from GS for

CWELD and from GS/GE for CSEAM) if the computed
coordinates of the projection point lies outside the shell
element but is located within PROJTOL(dimension of
the shell element). PROJTOL is only activated when a
search without PROJTOL finds no candidate shell to
build connectivity for a connector element. This
prevents the search from picking the wrong shell
element in cases when PROJTOL is not needed.

SWLDPRM, PRTSW
Parameter
PRTSW
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Print diagnostic output for connector elements.
Default = NO
If NO or 0, diagnostic information is not output.

If YES or 1, diagnostic information is written to the .out
file.

Altair Engineering
SWLDPRM, SHOWAUX
Parameter
SHOWAUX
Values
Description
NO, 0, YES, or 1
Default = NO
Output fictitious grids representing auxiliary points

generated for CWELD and fictitious hexa corner points
generated for CSEAM into a file which can be directly
imported into HyperMesh to visualize the connector
elements. For clarity of visualization, this file also
includes the eight-node CHEXA elements with corners
at respective auxiliary points for CWELD or at
respective fictitious hexa corner points for CSEAM.
For each CWELD element, this data will only be output
in cases where no error is issued before the definition
of auxiliary points. For the CSEAM element, this data
will only be output if all seam elements are built
successfully.
For CWELD, the root file name will be followed with
.weldaux.fem.
For CSEAM, the root file name will be followed with
.seamaux.fem. If SHOWAUX = YES, the
displacement/corner stress/grid point stress of the
fictitious hexa element will also be output into an H3D
file if requested.
If NO or 0, no data for the fictitious hexa will be
output.
If YES or 1, the fictitious grids and hexas will be
output (these are the final locations, including all the
adjustments due to connector element radius or
thickness).
Altair Engineering

TABDMP1
Bulk Data Entry
TABDMP1 Modal Damping Table
Description
Defines modal damping as a tabular function of natural frequency.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABDMP
1
TID
TYPE
f1
g1
f2
g2
f3
g3
f4
g4
f5
g5
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
TABDMP
1
2.5
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
0.01057
2.6
0.1362
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
Table identification number.
(10)

TYPE
Type of damping units.

Default = G (G, CRIT, or Q)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Natural frequency value in cycles per unit time.
Damping value.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
Modal damping tables must be selected in the Subcase Information section, using the
SDAMPING command. This form of damping is used only in the modal method of frequency
response analysis.
2.
A METHOD statement must be present in the SUBCASE.
3.
The frequency values,

not both.
4.
Discontinuities may be specified between any two points except the two starting points
or two end points. For example, in Figure 1 discontinuities are allowed only between
points f2 through f7. Also, if g is evaluated at a discontinuity, then the average value of
g is used. In Figure 1, the value of g at f=f3 is g = (g3+g4)/2.
5.
At least one continuation entry must be specified.
6.
Any
or
that entry.
7.
The end of the table is indicated by the existence of 'ENDT' in either of the two fields
following the last entry. An error is detected if any continuations follow the entry
containing the end-of-table flag 'ENDT'.
8.
The TABDMP1 uses the algorithm:
, must be specified in either ascending or descending order, but
entry may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields used for
where, f is input to the table and g is returned. The table look-up

is performed
using linear interpolation within the table and linear extrapolation outside the table using
the two starting or end points. See Figure 1. No warning messages are issued if table
data is input incorrectly.
Altair Engineering

Figure 1. Example of Table Extrapolation and Discontinuity
9.
The KDAMP option, on the PARAM card, may be used to switch between viscous and
structural damping. Viscous is the default and is used when PARAM, KDAMP is not
present.
KDAMP
Result
1 (default)
B matrix
-1
(1+ig)K matrix
10. If TYPE is 'G' or blank, the damping values

as follows:
If TYPE is 'CRIT', the damping values
are in units of equivalent viscous dampers
are in units of fraction of critical damping C/C0.
If TYPE is 'Q', the damping values

are in the units of amplification or quality factor, Q.
These constants are related by the following equations:

Altair Engineering
11. To achieve identical displacements in Modal frequency response or Modal transient

analyses when the SDAMPING bulk data entry is used instead of PARAM, G , the steps
The TYPE field in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry should be set to CRIT. This TABDMP1 bulk
data entry is referenced by the SDAMPING subcase information entry.
Set the damping value (field
) in the TABDMP1 bulk data entry equal to half of the
value of PARAM, G (set the constant value to C/C0).
Altair Engineering

TABLED1
Bulk Data Entry
TABLED1 Dynamic Load Tabular Function, Form 1
Description
Defines a tabular function for use in generating frequency-dependent and time-dependent
dynamic loads.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLED1
TID
XAXIS
YAXIS
x1
y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
x4
y4
x5
y5
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
TABLED1
32
-3.0
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
6.9
2.0
5.6
3.0
5.6
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(9)
(10)

XAXIS
Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the x-axis. See

comment 6.
Default = LINEAR (LINEAR or LOG)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
YAXIS
Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the y-axis. See

comment 6.
x#, y#
Tabular values.
No default (Real or ENDT)
Comments
1.
xi must be in either ascending or descending order, but not both.
2.
points x2 through x7 . Also, if y is evaluated at a discontinuity, the average value of y is
used. In Figure 1, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
3.
4.
Any x, y pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields used for that
entry.
5.
6.
The TABLED1 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table and y is returned. The table look-up is performed using
interpolation within the table and linear extrapolation outside the table using the two
starting or end points. See Figure 1. The algorithms used for interpolation or
extrapolation are:
Altair Engineering

where, xj and yj follow xi and yi.

No warning messages are issued if table data is input incorrectly.
7.
Linear extrapolation is not used for Fourier transform methods. The function is zero
outside the range of the table.
8.
For frequency-dependent loads, x# is measured in cycles per unit time.
9.
Tabular values on an axis if X-Axis or Y-Axis = LOG must be positive. A fatal message will
be issued if an axis has a tabular value < 0.

Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering

TABLED2
Bulk Data Entry
Description
dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLED2
TID
X1
x1
y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
x4
y4
x5
y5
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLED2
15
-10.5
1.0
-4.5
2.0
-4.2
2.0
2.8
7.0
6.5
SKIP
SKIP
9.0
6.5
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(10)

X1
Table parameter. See comment 6.

No default (Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
x#, y#
Tabular values.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
used. In Figure 1, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2.
3.
4.
entry.
5.
6.
starting or end points. See Figure 1. No warning messages are issued if table data is
input incorrectly.
Altair Engineering

7.
8.
For frequency-dependent loads, X1 and x# are measured in cycles per unit time.
9.

Altair Engineering
TABLED3
Bulk Data Entry
Description
dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLED3
TID
X1
X2
x1
y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
x4
y4
x5
y5
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
TABLED3
15
126.9
30.0
2.9
2.9
3.6
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
4.7
5.2
5.7
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(9)
(10)

X1, X2
Table parameters.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
x#, y#
Tabular values.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
xii must be in either ascending or descending order, but not both.
2.
used. In Figure 1, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2.
3.
4.
entry.
5.
6.
starting or end points. See Figure 1. No warning messages are issued if table data is
input incorrectly.

Altair Engineering
7.
8.
For frequency-dependent loads, X1, X2, and x# are measured in cycles per unit time.
9.
Altair Engineering

TABLED4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines the coefficients of a power series for use in generating frequency-dependent and
time-dependent dynamic loads. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLED4
TID
X1
X2
X3
X4
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
A5
A6
A7
A8
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TABLED4
28
0.0
1.0
0.0
100
2.91
-0.0329
6.51e-5
0.0
-3.4-7
Field
Contents
TID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ENDT

X#
Table parameters.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
A#
Coefficients.
No default (Real)
Comments
1.
2.
3.
TABLED4 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table, y is returned and N is the number of pairs. Whenever x <
X3, use X3 for x; whenever x > X4, use X4 for x. There are N + 1 entries in the table.
There are no error returns from this table look-up procedure.
4.
5.
Altair Engineering

TABFAT
Bulk Data Entry
TABFAT - Fatigue Loading Time History Definition
Description
Defines y values of each point on the loading time history.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABFAT
ID
y1
y2
y3
y4
y5
y6
y7
y8
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABFAT
0.000
-0.601
0.968
0.515
-0.263
-0.090
-0.582
-0.592
-0.877
-0.726
0.297
-0.899
-0.899
-0.165
0.907
0.936
-0.308
-0.308
-0.689
0.592
0.609
-0.600
-0.492
-0.492
-0.224

(10)
Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
ID

y#
Y value of each point on the loading time history curve.

No default (Real)
Comments
1.
The TABFAT ID may be referenced by a FATLOAD definition.
2.
3.
Prior to OptiStruct version 11.0, TABFAT was named TABLEFAT.
Altair Engineering

TABLEM1
Bulk Data Entry
TABLEM1 Material Property Table, Form 1
Description
Defines a tabular function for use in generating temperature-dependent material properties.
Format
(1)
(2)
TABLEM1
TID
x1
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
-etc.-
"ENDT"
Example
(1)
(2)
TABLEM1
32
-3.0
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
6.9
2.0
5.6
3.0
5.6
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
xi, yi
Tabular values.
(Real)
"ENDT"
Flag indicating the end of the table.

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
2.
Discontinuities may be specified between any two points except the two start points or
two end points. For example, in the figure below, discontinuities are allowed only
between points x2 through x7 . Also, if y is evaluated at a discontinuity, then the average
value of y is used. In the figure, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3 +y4)/2.
3.
4.
Any xi- yi pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields.
5.
The end of the table is indicated by the existence of "ENDT" in either of the two fields
containing the end-of-table flag "ENDT".
6.
The TABLEM1 uses the algorithm (see comment 7):
y= yT(x)
linear interpolation within the table and linear extrapolation outside the table using the
two start or end points (see figure). No warning messages are issued, if the table data is
input incorrectly.
Example of table extrapolation and discontinuity
7. In a nonlinear heat transfer analysis, TABLEM1 uses the following algorithm:
y = zyT(x)
Where. x is input to the table, y is returned, and z is supplied from the MAT4 entry.
8.
Altair Engineering

TABLEM2
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
TABLEM2
TID
X1
x1
y1
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
x2
y2
x3
y3
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLEM2
15
-10.5
1.0
-4.5
2.0
-4.5
2.0
2.8
7.0
6.5
SKIP
SKIP
9.0
6.5
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(10)
(Integer > 0)
X1
Table parameter.
(Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
xi, yi
Tabular values.
(Real)
Comments
1.
2.
or two end points. For example, in the figure below, discontinuities are allowed only
value of y is used. In the figure, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
3.
4.
Any xi-yi pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields.
5.
6.
The TABLEM2 uses the algorithm:
y= zyT(x X1)
where, x is input to the table, y is returned, and z is supplied from the MATi entry. The
table look-up is performed using linear interpolation within the table and linear
extrapolation outside the table using the two start or end points (see figure). No warning
messages are issued if table data is input incorrectly.
Altair Engineering

7.

Altair Engineering
TABLEM3
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
TABLEM3
TID
X1
X2
x1
y1
x2
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
y2
x3
y3
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
TABLEM3
62
126.9
30.0
2.9
2.9
3.6
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
4.7
5.2
5.7
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
X1, X2
Table parameters. See comment 6.
xi, yi
Tabular values.
(Real)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
Tabular values for xi must be specified in either ascending or descending order, but not
both.
2.
Discontinuities may be specified between any two points except the two start points or
two end points. For example, in the figure below, discontinuities are allowed only
value of y is used. In the figure, the value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
3.
4.
Any xi-yi pair may be ignored by placing 'SKIP' in either of the two fields.
5.
6.
TABLEM3 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table, y is returned and z is supplied from the MATi entry. The
table look-up is performed using linear interpolation within the table and linear
extrapolation outside the table using the two starting or end points (see figure). No
warning messages are issued if table data is input incorrectly.
7.

Altair Engineering
TABLEM4
Bulk Data Entry
Description
Defines coefficients of a power series for use in generating temperature-dependent material
properties. Also contains parametric data for use with the table.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TABLEM4
TID
X1
X2
X3
X4
A0
A1
A2
A3
A4
(7)
(8)
(9)
A5
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TABLEM4
28
0.0
1.0
0.0
100.
2.91
-0.0329
6.51-5
0.0
-3.4-7
Field
Contents
TID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
ENDT
(Integer > 0)
Xi
Table parameters.
Ai
Coefficients.
(Real)
Altair Engineering

Comments
1.
2.
The end of the table is indicated by the existence of "ENDT" in the field following the last
entry. An error is detected if any continuations follow the entry containing the end-oftable flag "ENDT".
3.
TABLEM4 uses the algorithm:
where, x is input to the table, y is returned, and z is supplied from the MATi entry.
Whenever x < X3 , use X3 for x; whenever x > X4 , use X4 for x. There are N + 1 entries in
the table. There are no error returns from this table look-up procedure.
4.

Altair Engineering
TABLES1
Bulk Data Entry
TABLES1 Material Property Tabular Function, Form 1
Description
Defines a tabular function for use as stress-strain curve in elasto-plastic material properties
MATS1, MATX33, MATX65, MATHF, as well as material curve in nonlinear material properties
MATX36, MATX42, and MATX70.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TABLES1
TID
x1
y1
x2
y2
x3
y3
x4
y4
x5
y5
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
TABLES1
32
-3.0
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
6.9
2.0
5.6
3.0
5.6
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(10)

x#, y#
Tabular values.
No default (Real, or ENDT)
Comments
1.
Altair Engineering

2.
Discontinuities between any two points except the two starting points or two end points.
For example, in Figure 1 discontinuities are allowed only between points x2 through x7 .
Also, if y is evaluated at a discontinuity, the average value of y is used. In Figure 1, the
value of y at x = x3 is y = (y3+y4)/2 .
3.
4.
entry.
5.
6.
The TABLES1 uses the algorithm:
starting or end points. See Figure 1. The algorithms used for interpolation or
extrapolation is:
where, xj and yj follow xi and yi.

7.
For TABLES1 referenced by elasto-plastic material property MATS1, additional

requirements apply. See the description of MATS1 for details.

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8.
9.
10. Some warning or error messages are issued if table data in input incorrectly. However,
since TABLES1 can serve different and distinct purposes, error checking is limited.
Altair Engineering

TABLEST
Bulk Data Entry
TABLEST Material Property Temperature-Dependence Table
Description
Specifies the material property tables for elasto-plastic, temperature-dependent materials.
Format
(1)
(2)
TABLEST
TID
T1
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
TID1
T2
TID2
T3
-etc.-
(8)
(9)
(10)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
TABLEST
101
150.0
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
10
175.0
20
ENDT
Field
Contents
TID
(7)
(8)
(Integer > 0)
Ti
Temperature values.
(Real)
TIDi
Table identification numbers of TABLES1 entries.

(Integer > 0)

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Comments
1.
TIDi must be unique with respect to all TABLES1 and TABLEST table identification
numbers.
2.
Temperature values must be listed in ascending order.
3.
The end of the table is indicated by the existence of ENDT in either of the two fields
containing the end-of-table flag ENDT.
4.
This table is referenced by MATS1 entries that define elasto-plastic (TYPE = "PLASTIC")
materials.
Altair Engineering

TABRND1
Bulk Data Entry
TABRND1 Power Spectral Density Table
Description
Defines power spectral density as a tabular function of frequency for use in random analysis.
Referenced on the RANDPS entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
TABRND1
ID
XAXIS
YAXIS
blank
blank
blank
blank
blank
f1
g1
f2
g2
f3
g3
f4
g4
Example
(1)
(2)
TABRND1
2.5
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
.01057
2.6
.01362
ENDT
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
etc.
Field
Contents
ID

(Integer > 0)
XAXIS
Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the x-axis. See comment

6.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
YAXIS
Specifies a linear or logarithmic interpolation for the y-axis. See comment

6.
fi
Frequency value in cycles per unit time.

(Real > 0.0)
gi
Power Spectral Density.

(Real)
Comments
1.
The fi must be in either ascending or descending order, but not both.
2.
Jumps between two points (
3.
At least two entries must be present.
4.
Any f-g entry may be ignored by placing the BCD string "SKIP" in either of the two field
used for that entry.
5.
The end of the table is indicated by the existence of the BCD string "ENDT" in either of
the two fields following the last entry. An error is detected if any continuations follow
the entry containing the end-of-table flag "ENDT".
6.
The TABRND1 mnemonic infers the use of the algorithm:
) are allowed, but not at the end points.
G = g T(F)
where, F is input to the table and G is returned. The table look-up gT(f) is performed
using linear extrapolation outside the table using the last two end points at the
appropriate table end. At jump points, the average gT(F) is used. There are no error
returns from this table look-up procedure.
Altair Engineering

TEMP
Bulk Data Entry
TEMP Grid Point Temperature Field
Description
Defines temperature at grid points for determination of Thermal Loading and Stress recovery.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
TEMP
SID
blank
{N.C .}
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TEMP
94
316.2
49
219.8
Field
Contents
SID
LOAD set identification.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G

(Integer > 0)
Temperature.
(Real)
Comments
1.
Temperature sets may be selected for use in a subcase by the TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or

TEMPERATURE(BOTH) subcase information entry.
2.
From one to three grid point temperatures may be defined on a single entry.

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3.
4.
This card is represented as a temperature load in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

TEMPD
Bulk Data Entry
TEMPD Grid Point Temperature Field Default
Description
Defines a temperature value for all grid points of the structural model that have not been
given a temperature on a TEMP entry.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TEMPD
SID
SID
SID
SID
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
TEMPD
216.3
(4)
Field
Contents
SID
LOAD set identification.
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
T
Default temperature value.

(Real)
Comments
1.
Temperature sets may be selected for use in a subcase by the TEMPERATURE(LOAD) or

TEMPERATURE(BOTH) subcase information entry.
2.
From one to four default temperatures may be defined on a single entry.

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3.
4.
Altair Engineering

TIC
Bulk Data Entry
TIC Transient and Explicit Analysis Initial Condition
Description
Defines values for the initial conditions of variables used in structural transient analysis and
explicit analysis. Both displacement and velocity values may be specified at independent
degrees-of-freedom.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TIC
SID
U0
V0
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TIC
100
10
0.1
0.5
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
G
Grid or scalar point identification number. See comment 4.

(Integer > 0)
Component numbers.
(Any one of the integers 1 through 6 for grid points, integer zero or blank for
scalar points)
U0
Initial displacement. Not applicable in geometric nonlinear analysis.

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Field
Contents
(Real or blank)
V0
Initial velocity.
(Real or blank)
Comments
1.
Transient analysis initial condition sets must be selected with the IC subcase information
command.
2.
If no TIC set is selected in the Subcase Information section, all initial conditions are
assumed to be zero.
3.
Initial conditions for coordinates not specified on TIC entries will be assumed to be zero.
4.
In direct transient analysis, wherein the TIC bulk data entry is selected by an IC subcase
information command, G may reference only grid or scalar points.
5.
Initial displacement definition is not applicable in explicit analysis. If U0 is defined, a fatal

error message will be issued.
6.
The initial conditions for the independent degrees-of-freedom specified by this bulk data
entry are distinct from, and may be used in conjunction with, the initial conditions for the
enforced degrees-of-freedom specified by NLOAD1, TLOAD1 and/or TLOAD2 bulk data
entries.
7.
8.
Each degree-of-freedom (grid/component pair: G#/C#) should define a unique value for
U0 and/or V0 within any TIC ID set, but U0 and V0 may be specified on separate TIC
cards. When multiple cards with the same degree-of-freedom are present, only non-zero
values for U0 and V0 are used by the solver. When two non-zero values are defined for
U0 or for V0 for the same degree-of-freedom, a fatal error message will be issued, even if
values match.
9.
Altair Engineering

TICA
Bulk Data Entry
TICA Explicit Analysis Initial Velocity Relative to an Axis
Description
Defines values for the initial velocity of a set of grids along and about an axis for explicit
analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
TIC A
SID
GSID
VT
VR
GA/XA
YA
ZA
GB/XB
(6)
(7)
YB
ZB
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
TIC A
100
10
3.0
4.0
123
0.0
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
0.0
1.0
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
GSID
Grid point set identification number.

Default = all grids in the model (blank or Integer > 0)
VT
Initial velocity along the axis.

(Real)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
VR
Initial velocity about the axis.

(Real)
GA/ XA,
YA, ZA
Axis origin. These fields define the origin of the axis. The point may be
defined by entering a grid ID in the GA field or by entering X, Y, and Z
coordinates in the XA, YA, and ZA fields; these coordinates will be in the
Default is the origin of the basic system (Real in all three fields or Integer in
first field)
GB/ XB,
YB, ZB
Direction of vector for axis definition. These fields define a point. The
vector goes from the anchor point to this point. The point may be defined
by entering a grid ID in the GB field or by entering X, Y, and Z coordinates in
the XB, YB, and ZB fields; these coordinates will be in the basic coordinate
system.
Comments
1.
Explicit analysis initial condition sets must be selected with the Subcase Information
command IC = SID. It can only be selected in explicit subcases which are defined by an
ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcase entry.
2.
TICA is primarily used for simulating the uniform rotation of a structure about an axis by
defining VR and an axis. A helical (or spiral) shaped motion can also be achieved by
defining VR, VT and an axis.
3.
Altair Engineering

TIE
Bulk Data Entry
TIE Tied Definition
Description
Defines a tied contact.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
TIE
TID
(4)
(5)
(6)
SSID
MSID
(7)
(8)
SRC HDIS
ADJUST
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DISC RET
Example
(1)
(2)
TIE
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(9)
(10)
0.01
N25
Field
Contents
TID
Tied interface identification number. See comment 1.

(Integer > 0)
SSID
Identification number of slave entity. See comments 3 and 10.

(Integer > 0)
MSID
Identification number of master entity. See comments 4 and 11.

(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
SRCHDIS Search distance criterion for creating contact condition. When specified,
only slave nodes that are within SRCHDIS distance from master surface will
have contact condition checked.
Default = All slave nodes checked (Real > 0 or blank)
ADJUST
Adjustment of slave nodes onto the master surface at the start of a

simulation.
<NO, AUTO, Real > 0.0, or Integer > 0>
Default = NO.
NO no adjustment.
AUTO A real value equal to 5% of the average edge length on the master
surface is internally assigned as the depth criterion (see Comment 7).
Real > 0.0 Value of the depth criterion which defines the zone in which a
search is conducted for slave nodes (for which contact elements have been
created). These slave nodes (with created contact elements) are then
adjusted onto the master surface. The assigned depth criterion is used to
define the searching zone in the pushout direction (see Comment 7).
Integer > 0 Identification number of a SET entry with TYPE = GRID.
Only the nodes on the slave entity, which also belong to this SET will be
selected for adjustment.
DISCRET Discretization approach type for the construction of contact elements.

<N2S, S2S>
Default = N2S.
N2S node-to-surface discretization
S2S surface-to-surface discretization
Comments
(Nonlinear quasi-static analysis)
1.
TIE contact needs to keep a unique ID from all CONTACT definitions.
2.
The TIE contact is constructed by searching for each slave node for a respective facet of
the master surface, which contains the normal projection of the slave and is within
SRCHDIS distance from the slave node. If no master segment with normal projection is
found, then the nearest segment is picked if the direction from slave to master is within a
certain angle (30 degrees) relative to the normal to the master segment. Having found a
feasible master segment for the slave node, a tie element is created.
Altair Engineering

Figure 1: C reation of a TIE element
If the surface-to-surface (DISCRET=S2S) discretization approach is selected, the

CONTACT interface is constructed by searching, for each facet of the slave surface,
respective facets of the master surface which contain the normal projection of sample
points on the slave facet and is within SRCHDIS distance from the sample points. For a
slave node, a contact element is created with the surrounding slave facets and the
master facets found by projection of the sample points on the slave facets (Figure 2).
Figure 2: C reation of a contact element (surface-to-surface discretization)
3.
The slave entity (SSID) always consists of grid nodes. It may be specified as:
a set of grid nodes defined using SET card.
a surface defined using SURF card (the slave nodes are picked from the respective
nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card. Slave nodes are picked
from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only nodes on the
surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
DISCRET = N2S is recommended if the slave entity is a set of grids (nodes) or a set of
solid elements.
4.
The master entity (MSID) may be defined as:

a surface defined using SURF card.
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card. For sets of 3D solids,

Altair Engineering
element faces on the surface are automatically found and selected as master surface.
5.
TIE element is created of a same structure as FREEZE CONTACT element. TIE element
enforces zero relative motion on the contact surface the contact gap opening remains
fixed at the original value and the sliding distance is forced to be zero. Also, rotations at
the slave node are matched to the rotations of the master patch.
6.
Presently one TIE element is created for each slave node. This assures reasonably
efficient numerical computations without creating an excessive number of tie elements.
However, this may require special handling in some cases, such as when a master surface
wraps around the slave set. In such cases, switching the role of slave and master may
be recommended. Alternatively, multiple TIE elements can be created in order to cover all
possible directions of relative motion (a simplified illustration is shown in Figure 3).
Figure 3: Special case - Master surface wraps around a slave node set.
7.
The adjustment of slave nodes doesnt create any strain in the model. If DISCRET=N2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial model geometry. If DISCRET=S2S is
selected, it is treated as a change in the initial contact opening/penetration.
If a node on the slave entity lies outside the projection zone of the master surface, it will
always be skipped during adjustment since no contact element has been constructed for
it.
If different contact interfaces involve the same nodes, nodal adjustment definitions are
processed sequentially in the order of identification numbers of the contact interfaces.
Care must be taken to avoid conflicts between the nodal adjustments; otherwise, contact
element errors or lack of compliance may occur.
a) The ADJUST field must be set to NO for self-contact.
b) If a real value (the searching depth criterion for adjustment) is input for the ADJUST
field, a searching zone for adjustment is defined. The slave nodes in this searching
zone, for which contact elements have been created, will be adjusted. If ADJUST is
larger than or equal to SRCHDIS, all the slave nodes, for which contact elements have
been created, will be adjusted.
Altair Engineering

Figure 4: An illustration depicting how ADJUST works.
Depth Criterion
The depth criterion (A non-negative real value for ADJUST) is used to define the searching
zone for adjustment as shown in Figure 4. This searching zone is created in the pushout
direction up to a distance equal to the value of the ADJUST field. The slave nodes within
the searching zone (with defined contact elements) are then considered for adjustment
based on the rules specified within this comment (Comment 7).
c) If the ADJUST field is set to an integer value (the identification number of a grid SET
entry), the nodes shared by the slave entity and the grid SET will be checked for
contact creation, that is SRCHDIS will be ignored for these nodes, and then adjusted if a
projection is found. The nodes belonging to the grid SET but not to the slave entity will
be simply ignored.
8.
(Geometric nonlinear analysis (ANALYSIS = NLGEOM subcases))

9.
TIE is implemented as a Tied Contact in geometric nonlinear subcases. A geometric

nonlinear subcase is one that has an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM entry in the subcase
definition.
10. The slave entity (SSID) always consists of grid nodes. It may be specified as:

Altair Engineering
a set of grid nodes defined using SET card.

a surface defined using SURF card (the slave nodes are picked from the respective
nodes of the SURF faces).
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card. Slave nodes are picked
from the respective nodes of the elements in the set. For 3D solids, only nodes on the
surface of the solid body are selected; internal nodes are not considered.
11. The master entity (MSID) may be defined as:
a surface defined using SURF card.
a set of elements (shells or solids) defined using SET card.
Altair Engineering

TLOAD1
Bulk Data Entry
TLOAD1 Transient Response Dynamic Excitation, Form 1
Description
Defines a time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion of the form:
for use in transient response analysis.

Where,
f(t) is the time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion.
A defines the amplitude of the dynamic excitation and is referenced by the EXCITEID field.
(F)t is a user-defined function that defines the time-variant nature of f(t). It is specified by
referencing a predefined TABLEDi entry in the TID field.
is the time delay defined in the DELAY field.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
TLOAD1
SID
EXC ITEID
DELAY
TYPE
TID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
TLOAD1
(4)
(5)
(6)
LOAD
13
Field
Contents
SID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
EXCITEID

PLOADx, RFORCE, QVOL, QBDY1 or GRAV entry set that defines {A}.
(Integer > 0)
DELAY

identification number of DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If it is
degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry. See
comment 7.
(Integer > 0, real or blank)
TYPE

(Integer, character or blank; Default = 0)
TID
Identification number of TABLEDi entry that gives F(t).

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
Dynamic excitation sets must be selected with the subcase information command
DLOAD=SID.
2.
The type of dynamic excitation is specified by TYPE (field 5) based on the following table:
TYPE
Integer
Character
L, LO, LOA, or Applied load (force or moment)

LOAD
(Default)
D, DI, DIS, or
DISP
V, VE, VEL, or Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD data.

VELO
A, AC, ACC,
or ACCE
Altair Engineering
Enforced displacement or temperature; EXCITEID references

SPC/SPCD data.
Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD

data.

3.
Excitation specified by TYPE is applied load. The EXCITEID must reference DAREA,
FORCEx, MOMENTx, PLOAD, RFORCE, GRAV, QVOL or QBDY1 entries.
Excitation specified by TYPE is enforced motion. The EXCITEID must reference SPC/SPCD
entries.
TYPE = 1 must be specified if the EXCITEID field references SPCD data used in transient
heat transfer analysis to define time-dependent thermal boundary conditions.
4.
TLOAD1 loads may be combined with TLOAD2 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. That is, the SID on a TLOAD1 entry may not be the same as that on a TLOAD2
entry.
5.
SID must be unique for all TLOAD1, TLOAD2, RLOAD1, and RLOAD2 entries.
6.
If TLOAD1 entries are selected for Fourier analysis, then the time-dependent loads on the
TLOAD1 entries are transformed to the frequency domain. Then the analysis is performed
as a frequency response analysis, but the solution and the output are converted to and
printed in the time domain.
7.
If DELAY is blank or zero,
8.
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom. EXCITEID cannot reference the LOAD and
LOADADD bulk data entries.
9.
will be zero.

Altair Engineering
TLOAD2
Bulk Data Entry
TLOAD2 Transient Response Dynamic Excitation, Form 2
Description
Defines a time-dependent dynamic excitation or enforced motion of the form:
for use in a transient response analysis, where
Where,
is the time-dependent dynamic load or enforced motion.
A defines the amplitude of the dynamic excitation and is referenced by the EXCITEID field.
is the time delay defined in the DELAY field.
T1 and T2 are time constants defined in the T1 and T2 fields.
B, C,
and
are the growth coefficient, exponential coefficient, frequency and phase angle
respectively and are defined in the corresponding B, C, F and P fields.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
TLOAD2
SID
EXC ITEID
DELAY
TYPE
T1
T2
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
TLOAD2
10
Altair Engineering
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
2.1
4.7
12.0
(9)
(10)

2.0
Field
Contents
SID

(Integer > 0)
EXCITEID

PLOADx, RFORCE, QVOL, QBDY1 or GRAV entry set that defines {A}.
(Integer > 0)
DELAY

identification number of DELAY bulk data entry that defines . If it is
degrees-of-freedom that are excited by this dynamic load entry. See
comment 4.
(Integer > 0, real or blank)
TYPE

(Integer, character or blank; Default = 0)
T1
Time constant.
(Real > 0.0)
T2
Time constant.
(Real; T2>T1)
Frequency in cycles per unit time.

(Real > 0.0; Default = 0.0)
Phase angle in degrees.

Exponential coefficient.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Growth coefficient.
Comments
1.
Dynamic excitation sets must be selected with the subcase information command with
DLOAD=SID.
2.
The type of dynamic excitation is specified by TYPE (field 5) based on the following
table:
TYPE
Integer
0
3.
Character
L, LO, LOA,
or LOAD
Applied load (force or moment)
D, DI, DIS,
or DISP
Enforced displacement or temperature; EXCITEID references

SPC/SPCD data.
V, VE, VEL,
or VELO
Enforced velocity; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD data.
A, AC, ACC,
or ACCE
Enforced acceleration; EXCITEID references SPC/SPCD data.
(Default)
If the type of dynamic excitation specified by TYPE is applied load, then EXCITEID must
reference DAREA, FORCEx, MOMENTx, PLOAD, RFORCE, GRAV, QVOL or QBDY1 entries.
If the type of dynamic excitation specified by TYPE is enforced motion, then EXCITEID
must reference SPC/SPCD entries.
TYPE = 1 must be specified if the EXCITEID field references SPCD data used in transient
heat transfer analysis to define time-dependent thermal boundary conditions
4.
If DELAY is blank or zero,
5.
TLOAD1 loads may be combined with TLOAD2 loads only by specification on a DLOAD
entry. That is, the SID on a TLOAD1 entry may not be the same as that on a TLOAD2
entry.
Altair Engineering
will be zero.

6.
SID must be unique for all TLOAD1, TLOAD2, RLOAD1, and RLOAD2 entries.
7.
TLOAD2 entries cannot be used with Fourier analysis.
8.
The continuation entry is optional.
9.
each of the SPCD degrees-of-freedom. EXCITEID cannot reference the LOAD and
LOADADD bulk data entries.

Altair Engineering
TSTEP
Bulk Data Entry
TSTEP Transient Time Step
Description
Defines time step intervals at which a solution will be generated and output in transient
analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
TSTEP
SID
N1
DT1
N01
W3,1
W4,1
N2
DT2
N02
W3,2
W4,2
(9)
(10)
-etc.-
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
TSTEP
10
.001
0.01
Field
Contents
SID
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)

N#
Number of time steps of value DT#.

Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
DT#
Time increment.
N0#
Skip factor for output. Every N0i-th step will be saved for output.
W3,#
The frequency of interest in radians per unit time; used for the conversion of
overall structural damping into equivalent viscous damping. See comment 3.
W4,#
The frequency of interest in radians per unit time; used for the conversion of
element structural damping into equivalent viscous damping. See comment 3.
Comments
1.
TSTEP entries must be selected with the Subcase Iinformation command TSTEP = SID.
2.
Note that the entry permits changes in the size of the time step during the course of the
solution. Thus, in the example shown, there are 10 time steps of value .001, followed by
9 time steps of value .01. Also, in the case of this example, you have requested that the
output be recorded for t = 0.0, .005, .01, .02, .03, and so on.
3.
W3 and W4 define frequencies used in transient analyses to convert structural damping to

equivalent viscous damping. See the Reference Guide entries for PARAM,W3 and
PARAM,W4 for more details.
4.
Different values for W3 and W4 may be set for each set of time increments. If any of the
fields are left blank then the value is taken from the PARAM, W3 or PARAM, W4 definition.
5.

Altair Engineering
TSTEPNL
Bulk Data Entry
TSTEPNL Parameters for Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Dynamic Analysis Control
Description
Defines parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis strategy.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
TSTEPNL
ID
NDT
DT
KSTEP
C ONV
EPSU
EPSP
EPSW
MAXLS
LSTOL
Example
(1)
(2)
TSTEPNL
99
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.01
Field
Contents
ID
Each TSTEPNL bulk data card must have a unique ID.

NDT
Number of implicit load sub-increments.

DT
Initial time step.

KSTEP
Number of iterations before stiffness update. See comment 3.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
Default = 6 for BCS solver
Default = 3 for PCG solver
(Integer > 0)
CONV
Flags to select implicit convergence criteria.

Default = UPW
(Any combination of U, P and W)
EPSU
Error tolerance for displacement (U) criterion.

Default = 1.0E-2
(Real > 0.0)
EPSP
Error tolerance for load (P) criterion.

Default = 1.0E-2
(Real > 0.0)
EPSW
Error tolerance for work (W) criterion.

Default = 1.0E-3
(Real > 0.0)
MAXLS
Maximum number of line searches allowed for each iteration.

LSTOL
Line search tolerance.

Comments
1.
The TSTEPNL bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command TSTEPNL
= option. Each subcase for which nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis is desired requires a
TSTEPNL command.
2.
Additional control for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic solution schemes (ANALYSIS =
IMPDYN) can be defined using TSTEPNX bulk data entry. Defaults will be used if TSTEPNX
is not present.
3.
The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS =
IMPDYN) is modified or Quasi-Newton. The frequency of stiffness matrix updates is
controlled by KSTEP. For highly nonlinear problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP

Altair Engineering
for better performance. KSTEP = 1 means full Newton. The initial implicit time step is DT.
All subsequent time steps will be determined automatically. Termination time, TTERM, is
defined by a TTERM subcase entry or computed from TTERM = NDT*DT. TTERM takes
precedence.
4.
The time integration scheme for implicit transient is defined on TSTEPNX. The default
method is -HHT.
5.
For more information about geometric nonlinear analysis, refer to the Geometric Nonlinear
Analysis section.
6.
Altair Engineering

TSTEPNX
Bulk Data Entry
TSTEPNX Optional Parameters for Geometric Nonlinear Implicit Dynamic Analysis Control
Description
Defines additional parameters for geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
TSTEPNX
ID
TA0
DTA
DTTH
NPRINT
RFILE
SOLV
TSC TRL
DTMIN
DTMAX
LSMETH
RREFIF
DYNA
ALFA
BETA
GAMA
SMDISP
ITW
DTSC I
LDTN
DTSC D
LARC
(8)
(9)
(10)
NC YC LE
FIXTID/
TOUT
Example 1
(1)
(2)
TSTEPNL
99
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
0.01
Example 2
(1)
(2)
TSTEPNL
99
0.01
TSTEPNX
99
0.1
NEWT
(3)
ARC
(4)
1.e-4
0.1

Altair Engineering
Example 3
(1)
(2)
TSTEPNL
99
(3)
99
NEWT
(5)
(6)
0.01
0.01
TSTEPNX
(4)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
PW
0.01
0.1
ARC
NEWM
1.e-4
0.1
0.25
0.5
Field
Contents
ID
Identification number of an associated TSTEPNL entry.

TA0

DTA
Output time step for animation files. If zero, no output (See comment 3).
Default = DT (Real > 0)
DTTH
Output time step for time history files. If zero, no output (See comment
3).
Default = 0.1*DT (Real > 0)
NPRINT
Print every NPRINT iterations. If negative, to .out and standard output;

if positive, only to .out file.
RFILE
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
SOLV
Geometric nonlinear implicit solution method.

NEWT Modified Newton.
BFGS BFGS quasi-Newton method.
Default = NEWT (Character = NEWT, or BFGS)
TSCTRL
Time step control.

ARC Arc-length is used to accelerate and control the convergence. The
time step is determined by displacement norm control (arc-length).
SIMP Simple time step control.
NONE No time step control. A warning will be issued. In the case of
divergence, the time step will be repeated with half the step size. The
run will be terminated according to DTMIN and NCYCLE.
Default = ARC (Character)
DTMIN
Minimum geometric nonlinear implicit time step. If DTMIN is reached,

simulation will be terminated (See comment 3).
Default = 1e-5*DT (Real > 0)
DTMAX
Maximum geometric nonlinear implicit time step from which time step is set
constant (See comment 3).
Default = 3*DT (Real > 0)
LSMETH
Line search method.

Default = ENERGY (Character = NONE, FORCE, ENERGY, or AUTO)
RREFIF
Special residual force computation with contact interfaces present.

Default = no special treatment (Integer = 0, , 5)
0
1
2
3
4
Aggressive (modified entirely by the out-of-balance value).

Average (modified each time with 200% maximum).
Light (modified each time with 20% maximum).
No change.
No change; except for the first contact.

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
5
NCYCLE
Modified automatically (for imposed displacement only).
Maximum number of time steps. If reached, solution will be terminated.

NCYCLE = 0 means no limit.
Default = no limit (Integer > 0)
FIXTID
Identification number of a TABLEDi entry. The x values of the table define

fixed time points that the automatic time step control will adhere to.
(Integer > 0)
TOUT
The method to determine the fixed time point.

AUTO Fully automatic time step control.
NLOAD - The time points in all TABLEDi that are referenced by NLOAD1 in
one subcase.
Default = AUTO (AUTO or NLOAD)
DYNA
Implicit transient solution methods.

HHT -HHT method.
NEWM General Newmark method.
Default = HHT (Character = HHT or NEWM)
ALFA
Parameter in -HHT Method (DYNA = HHT).

Default = -0.05 (Real, -1/3 < ALFA < 0.0)
BETA
Parameter in general Newmark method (DYNA = NEWM).

Default = 0.25 (Real, -2 * BETA < GAMA < 0.5)
GAMA
Parameter in general Newmark method (DYNA = NEWM).

Default = 0.5 (Real, -2 * BETA < GAMA < 0.5)
SMDISP
Perform small displacement and rotation analysis instead of geometric

nonlinear analysis. PARAM, SMDISP, YES overwrites this definition.
OFF Geometric nonlinear analysis.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
ON Small displacements and small rotations analysis.
ITW
If the solution of a time step converges within ITW iterations, the next
time step will be increased by a factor controlled by DTSCI.
(Integer > 0)
DTSCI
Maximum scale factor for increasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC). Scale
factor for TSCTRL = SIMP.
LDTN
Maximum number of iterations before resetting and decreasing the time

step by a factor of DTSCD.
(Integer > 0)
DTSCD
Scale factor for decreasing the time step (TSCTRL = ARC, SIMP).
LARC
Input arc-length for TSCTRL = ARC.

Default = automatic computation (Real)
Comments
1.
The TSTEPNX bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command TSTEP =
option. There must also be a TSTEPNL bulk data entry with the same ID. It is only used
in geometric nonlinear implicit dynamic analysis (ANALYSIS = IMPDYN); it is ignored in
other analyses.
2.
The solution method for geometric nonlinear implicit analysis is selected by SOLV. The
frequency of stiffness matrix updates is controlled by TSTEPNL, KSTEP. For highly
nonlinear problems, it is recommended to reduce KSTEP for better performance. KSTEP =
1 means full Newton.
3.
The initial time step DTINI = DT is defined by TSTEPNL.

Altair Engineering
4.
Analysis section.
5.
Altair Engineering

UNBALNC
Bulk Data Entry
UNBALNC Unbalanced Load (Rotor Dynamics)
Description
This entry defines the unbalanced rotating load during a rotor dynamic analysis in Frequency
Response solution sequences. The unbalanced load is specified in a cylindrical system where
the rotor rotation axis is the Z-axis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
UNBALNC
SID
MASS
GRID
X1
X2
X3
ROFFSET
THETA
ZOFFSET
FON
FOFF
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
UNBALNC
200
1.2
3103
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.3
45.0
0.1
110
Argument
Options
SID
<Integer > 0>
(8)
(9)
(10)
Description
setid
No default
MASS
<Integer > 0/Real>
Defines the magnitude of unbalanced mass (see

comment 4).
(No default)

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
GRID
<Integer>
Description
Grid Point identification number of node at which the
unbalanced load is applied.
No default
X1, X2, X3
<Real>
Components of a vector that are used to define a

cylindrical coordinate system centered at GRID. The
vector components are defined from GRID in the
displacement coordinate system of the grid point at
GRID (see comment 6).
No default
ROFFSET
<Integer > 0/Real> <Integer > 0>

Default = 1.0
<Real>
If an integer value (must be greater

than 0) is input, it references the
identification number of a TABLEDi
entry that specifies the offset values
as a function of frequency (see
comment 4).
This field defines the distance by
which the unbalanced mass is offset in
the X-Y plane perpendicular to the Z
direction (spin axis, Figure 1).
If a real number is input, the offset
value is considered constant.
THETA
<Real>
Default = 0.0
ZOFFSET
Angular position (in degrees) of the unbalanced mass in

the cylindrical coordinate system defined by X1, X2, and
X3.
<Integer > 0/Real> <Integer > 0>

Default = 0.0
<Real>
Altair Engineering
If an integer value (must be greater than

0) is input, it references the identification
number of a TABLEDi entry that specifies
the offset values as a function of
frequency (see comment 4).
This field defines the distance by which
the unbalanced mass is offset in the Z

Argument
Options
Description
direction (spin axis, Figure 1).
If a real number is input, the offset value
is considered constant.
F ON
<Real > 0>
This field defines the starting frequency at which the

unbalanced load is applied (see comment 5).
Default = 0.0
F OFF
<Real > 0>
This field defines the stopping (final) frequency at which

the unbalanced load is applied (see comment 5).
Default = 999999.0
Comments
1.
Currently, models containing multiple UNBALNC bulk data entries with the same set
identification number (SID) are not supported. Each UNBALNC bulk data entry must have a
unique SID.
2.
For frequency response analysis, the UNBALNC bulk data entry is referenced by a DLOAD
Subcase Information entry.
3.
An unbalanced load on the rotating system is generated as a consequence of these three

factors:
Unbalanced mass of the system (rotor) about its axis of rotation (MASS field on the
UNBALNC entry).
The magnitude of separation between the rotating axis and the unbalanced mass
(ZOFFSET and ROFFSET fields on the UNBALNC entry).
The angular spin speed of the rotor (specific fields on the RGYRO and RSPINR bulk data
entries).
4.
ROFFSET field:
Each entry in the TABLEDi entry specifies the distance by which the unbalanced mass is
offset in the X-Y plane (perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor).
ZOFFSET field:
Each entry in the TABLEDi entry specifies the distance by which the unbalanced mass is
offset in the Z direction (axis of rotation of the rotor).

Altair Engineering
5.
The rotation of the unbalanced load occurs in the positive Z direction which is defined by
GRIDA and GRIDB on the RSPINR bulk data entry.
6.
The initial position of the unbalanced mass and the direction of its subsequent rotation
are defined with respect to a cylindrical coordinate system. Its angular position is
measured from the plane defined by both the Z-axis and the vector (X1, X2, and X3) with
THETA=0.0 being the direction of the vector (X1, X2, and X3) itself. The rotation of the
unbalanced load occurs in the positive Z direction.
Altair Engineering

USET
Bulk Data Entry
USET Set of Degrees-of-Freedom for Residual Vector Calculation
Description
Defines a set of degrees-of-freedom.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
USET
SNAME
G1
C1
G2
C2
G3
C3
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
USET
U6
564
765
1456
Field
Contents
SNAME
Set name
(9)
(10)
(Character, only U6, ZEROU6 are allowed)

Gi

Ci
Component numbers.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 <
integer < 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for
grid points. The components refer to the coordinate system
referenced by the grid points.)

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
A maximum of 18 degrees-of-freedom can be defined on one USET entry.
2.
If SNAME=ZEROU6, then the degrees-of-freedom are omitted from the set.
3.
For normal modes analysis with the Lanczos eigensolver, the case control command
RESVEC=YES must be used to create residual vectors based on the USET DOF . If the
AMSES or AMLS eigensolvers are used, the residual vectors will always be created. The
residual vectors are calculated using the unit load method.
4.
For modal frequency response and modal transient analysis, the USET residual vectors are
always calculated if the AMSES and AMLS eigensolvers are used, and are not calculated if
the Lanczos eigensolver is used.
5.
The residual vectors are then exported together with the eigenvectors to the H3D,
PUNCH, and OUTPUT2 files. If stress output is requested, the stress state for each mode
is output to the H3D, PUNCH, and OUTPUT files.
6.
If SNAME is not U6 or ZEROU6, USET will be ignored.
7.
8.
Altair Engineering

USET1
Bulk Data Entry
USET1 Set of Degrees-of-Freedom for Residual Vector Calculation, Alternate Form
Description
Defines a set of degrees-of-freedom.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
USET1
SNAME
G1
G2
G3
G4
G5
G6
G7
G8
G9
-etc.-
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
USET1
U6
123
34
88
12
19
1234
65
(10)

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
USET1
SNAME
G1
THRU
G2
USET1
U6
123456
88
THRU
207
Field
Contents
SNAME
Set name
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Character, only U6, ZEROU6 are allowed)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
Component number.
(Integer zero or blank for scalar points, or up to 6 unique digits (0 <
integer < 6) may be placed in the field with no embedded blanks for
grid points. The components refer to the coordinate system
referenced by the grid points.)
Gi

(Integer > 0, for THRU option, G1 < G2)
Comments
1.
If the alternate format is used, all points in the sequence G1 through G2 are not required
to exist, but there must be at least one boundary degree-of-freedom for the model or a
fatal error will result. Any grids implied in the THRU that do not exist will collectively
produce a warning message, but will otherwise be ignored.
2.
If SNAME=ZEROU6, then the degrees-of-freedom are omitted from the set.
3.
For normal modes analysis with the Lanczos eigensolver, the case control command
RESVEC=YES must be used to create residual vectors based on the USET1 DOF. If the
AMSES or AMLS eigensolvers are used, the residual vectors will always be created. The
residual vectors are calculated using the unit load method.
4.
For modal frequency response and modal transient analysis, the USET1 residual vectors
are always calculated if the AMSES and AMLS eigensolvers are used, and are never
calculated if the Lanczos eigensolver is used.
5.
USET1 is applied to normal modes analysis subcases that have the case control
RESVEC=YES specified. In such cases, residual vectors are calculated using the unit load
method. The residual vectors are then exported together with the eigenvectors to the
H3D, PUNCH, and OUTPUT2 files. If stress output is requested, the stress state for each
mode is output to the H3D, PUNCH, and OUTPUT files.
6.
If SNAME is not U6 or ZEROU6, USET1 will be ignored.
7.
MIXED, it is allowed that when grid lists are provided for a given component, that the grid
references be either scalar points (SPOINT) or structural grid points (GRID) when the
structural grids. When SPSYNTAX is set to STRICT it is required for grid/component pairs
(G#/C#) that the component be 0 or blank when the grid references are to scalar points
(SPOINT), and that the component be > 1 when the grid references are to structural grid
points (GRID). When the component is greater than 1, the grid references must always
8.
Altair Engineering

XDAMP
Bulk Data Entry
XDAMP Raleigh Damping for Geometric Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis
Description
Defines values for Raleigh damping for geometric nonlinear dynamic analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
XDAMP
DID
GSID
ALFA
BETA
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
XDAMP
100
34
3.0
1.0
(6)
Field
Contents
DID
Unique damping identification number.
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
GSID
Grid set identification number. Damping is applied to the grid points

in this set.
Default = all grids in the model (blank or Integer > 0)
ALFA
Factor for the stiffness matrix contribution.

(Real > 0)
BETA
Factor for the mass matrix contribution.

(Real > 0)

Altair Engineering
Comments
1.
Rayleigh damping is applied to all geometric nonlinear dynamic analysis subcases, implicit
and explicit. It is ignored in all other subcases.
2.
In implicit dynamic analysis damping is applied to all grid points and GSID is ignored.
Multiple XDAMP is not allowed in implicit dynamic analysis.
3.
XDAMP and PARAM W3/G are mutually exclusive.
4.
Grid sets in all XDAMP statements must contain unique sets of grid points.
5.
The viscous damping matrix B is calculated from the mass matrix M and stiffness matrix K
using:
B = ALFA * M + BETA * K
6.
This card is represented as an interface in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

XHISADD
Bulk Data Entry
XHISADD Time History Output Combination for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines a time history output set as a union of time history outputs defined via XHIST
entries.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
XHISADD
SID
S1
S2
S3
S4
S5
S6
S7
S8
S9
etc.
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
XHISADD
101
Field
Contents
SID
(8)
(9)
(10)
(Integer > 0)
Sj
Set identification numbers of time history output defined via XHIST

entries.
(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
XHIST=SID.

Altair Engineering
2.
The Sj must be unique and may not be the identification number of a rigid wall set defined
by another XHISADD entry.
3.
XHISADD entries take precedence over XHIST entries. If both have the same SID, only
the XHISADD entry will be used.
4.
Altair Engineering

XHIST
Bulk Data Entry
XHIST Time History Output Request for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines the time history output request for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
XHIST
SID
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
LABEL
FILE
TYPE
C ID
DTTHM
DATA
VAR1
VAR2
VAR3
VAR4
VAR5
VAR6
VAR7
VAR8
...
ID1
ID2
ID3
ID4
ID5
ID6
ID7
ID8
...
ENTRY
Example
(1)
(2)
XHIST
100
(3)
(4)
(5)
AY
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
GRID
DATA
DEF
AX
ENTRY
345
6687

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
SID

(Integer > 0)
LABEL
(Character or blank)
FILE
Creation of different time history files runnameTnnx(n:0-1,x:blank or a-i).

(Characters A, B, C, and I, or blank)
TYPE
Entity type. See table 1.

(Character according to table)
CID
Frame coordinate system identification.

(Integer > 0)
DTTHM
Output time step for time history files. Once it is specified, it will
overwrite DTTH on NLPARMX, TSTEPNX and XSTEP to control the output
time step of history file specified by FILE in this card.
DATA
DATA flag indicating that data labels follow. If no DATA is specified, the
default is VAR1 = DEF.
VARi
Output data label. See table 1.

(Character)
ENTRY
ENTRY flag indicating that a list of identifiers is following.
IDi
Entry identifier for TYPE. See table 1.

(Integer > 0)
Comments
1.
XHIST sets must be selected with the Subcase Information command XHIST = SID or by
XHISADD. It can only be selected in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are
defined by an ANALYSIS = NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN subcase entry.
2.
Table 1 below gives the definitions of TYPE, VARi, and IDi. The notation DEF (DX, DY, DZ,
VX, VY, VZ) means that if DEF is selected, all six values following in parenthesis are
written at once. However, instead of requesting DEF each value can be requested
individually. Details on the output requests can be found in Table 2.
Altair Engineering

3.
A property cannot be in several time history groups. In this case, the only variables
output in time history are the variables declared in the last option which refers to the
property.
4.
It is not possible to have the same grid point several times in the same GRID group.
OptiStruct provides an error message in such cases.
5.
If an output coordinate system GRID, CD is specified: coordinates, displacement, linear

and angular velocities, linear and angular accelerations of the grid are projected to that
system.
6.
If a reference frame is specified: local coordinates, relative displacement, relative linear

and angular velocities, relative linear and angular accelerations of the node with respect
to the frame are output.
7.
Global results are always written.
8.
The OFF element status information works as follows:

OFF = 0 Element deleted.
OFF = 1 Element active.
OFF = 2 Element active using small strain.
OFF = -1 Element is sleeping (turned rigid).
Table 1: Output Requests

TYPE
VARi
IDi
GRID
DEF (DX, DY, DZ, VX, VY, VZ), D (DX, DY, DZ),
V (VX, VY, VZ), A (AX, AY, AZ), VR (VRX, VRY,
VRZ) AR (ARX, ARY, ARZ), XYZ (X, Y, Z),
REACX, REACY, REACZ, REACXX, REACYY,
REACZZ
Grid ID
PROP
DEF (IE, KE, XMOM, YMOM, ZMOM, MASS, HE),

XCG, YCG, ZCG, XXMOM, YYMOM, ZZMOM, IXX,
IYY, IZZ, IXY, IYZ, IZX, RIE, KERB, RKERB, RKE
Property ID
SHELL
DEF (F1, F2, F12, M1, M2, M12, IEM, IEB, EMIN,
EMAX, OFF), STRESS (F1, F2, F12, Q1, Q2, M1,
M2, M12), STRAIN (E1, E2, E12, SH1, SH2, K1,
K2, K12), PLAS (EMIN, EMAX)
Element ID
SOLID
DEF (SX , SY, SZ, SXY, SYZ, SXZ, IE, DENS,

PLAS, TEMP, OFF), STRESS (SX, SY, SZ, SXY,
SYZ, SXZ), LOCSTRS (LSX, LSY, LSZ, LSXY,
LSYZ, LSXZ), BULK, VOL, DAM1, DAM2, DAM3,
DAM4, DAM5, DAMA, EPSXX, EPSYY, EPSZZ,
EPSXY, EPSXZ, EPSYZ
Element ID

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TYPE
VARi
IDi
RWALL
DEF (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, FTZ), FN (FNX,

FNY, FNZ), FT (FTX, FTY, FTZ)
Load set ID of
RWALL
CONTCT
DEF (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, FTZ), FN (FNX,

FNY, FNZ), FT (FTX, FTY, FTZ), M (MX, MY,
MZ)
Contact ID
SECT
DEF (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY, FTZ, M1, M2,

Load set ID of
M3), FN (FNX, FNY, FNZ), FT (FTX, FTY, FTZ),
XSECT
M (MX, MY, MZ), GLOBAL (FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX,
FTY, FTZ, MX, MY, MZ), LOCAL (F1, F2, F3, M1,
M2, M3), CENTER (CX, CY, CZ)
SPRING,
BUSH
DEF (FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, MZ, LX, LY, LZ, RX,
RY, RZ, IE, OFF)
Element ID
BEAM, BAR
DEF (F1, F2, M2, M3, IE, OFF), F3, M1
Element ID
ROD
DEF(F, M, IE)
Element ID
Table 2: Output Request Descriptions

Type
Output Data Label
Description and Remarks
Global
IE
Internal energy.
Global internal energy includes all
material internal energy and global
spring internal energy, but not spring
rotational internal energy.
KE
Kinetic energy.
RKE
Rotational kinetic energy.
CE
Contact energy.
HE
Hourglass energy.
SIE
Spring internal energy.
EFW
External forces work.
TE
Energy sum IE + KE.
Altair Engineering

Type
Output Data Label
RTE
Total rotational energy IE + KE + RKE.
TTE
Total energy sum IE + KE + RKE + CE +

HE.
DTE
Delta energy TTE - EFW.
XMOM, YMOM, ZMOM
Momentum.
DT
Time step.
TER
DTE_REL
GRID
PROP
VX, VY, VZ
Velocities.
X, Y, Z
Coordinates.
DX, DY, DZ
Displacement components.
VX, VY, VZ
Velocity components.
AX, AY, AY
Acceleration components.
VRX, VRY, VRZ
Angular velocity components.
ARX, ARY, ARZ
Angular acceleration components.
REACX, REACY, REACZ
Reaction force components
REACXX, REACYY, REACZZ
Reaction moment components
IE
Internal energy.
KE
Kinetic energy.
XMOM, YMOM, ZMOM
Momentum components.
HE
Hourglass energy.
XCG, YCG, ZCG
Center of gravity.
XXMOM, YYMOM, ZZMOM
Rotational momentum components.

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Type
SHELL
Output Data Label
IXX, IYY, IZZ, IXY, IYZ,

IZX
Inertia matrix components.
RIE
Shear internal energy.
KERB, RKERB
Translational and rotational rigid body

energy.
RKE
Rotational kinetic energy.
F1, F2, F12
Stress in direction 1, 2, 12.
Q1, Q2
Mean stress in direction 13, 23.
M1, M2, M12
Moments per unit length per thickness

square in direction 1, 2, 12.
IEM, IEB
Internal membrane and bending energy.
EMIN, EMAX
Minimum, maximum equivalent plastic

strain.
OFF
Element status.
See comment 8.
SOLID
THIC
Thickness.
E1, E2, E12
Stress in direction 1, 2, 12.
SH1, SH2
Shear strain in direction 1, 2.
K1, K2, K12
Curvature in direction 1, 2, 12.
SX , SY, SZ, SXY, SYZ,

SXZ
Stress tensor components.
LSX, LSY, LSZ, LSXY,

LSYZ, LSXZ
Local stress tensor components.
IE
Internal energy.
DENS
Density.
BULK
Bulk viscosity.
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Only ISOLID = 1, 2, 12

Type
Output Data Label
VOL
Volume.
PLAS
Plastic strain.
Only MATX02.
TEMP
Temperature.
OFF
Element status.
See comment 8.
CONTCT
FNX, FNY, FNZ, FTX, FTY,

FTZ
Normal and tangential force

components.
MX, MY, MZ
Moment components.
RWALL

FTZ

components.
SECT

FTZ

components.
MX, MY, MZ
Moment components.
F1, F2, F3, M1, M2, M3
Forces and moments in section

coordinates.
CX, CY, CZ
Center of the section.
FX, FY, FZ, MX, MY, MZ
Forces and moment components.
LX, LY, LZ
Elongation.
RX, RY, RZ
Rotation.
IE
Internal energy.
OFF
Element status.
F1, F2, F3, M1, M2, M3
Forces and moments in element

coordinates
IE
Internal energy
OFF
Element status
SPRING, BUSH
BEAM, BAR

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Type
Output Data Label
ROD
Axial force
Torsional moment
IE
Internal energy
Altair Engineering

XSHLPRM
Bulk Data Entry
XSHLPRM Default Definition for Shell Element Properties for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines default shell element parameters for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
XSHLPRM
ISHELL
ISH3N
ISMSTR
ITHIC K
IPLAS
NIP
IDRIL
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
XSHLPRM
14
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
NEWT
Field
Contents
ISHELL
Flag for 4-node shell element formulation.
(8)
(9)
(10)
1 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass modes orthogonal to deformation and
rigid modes (Belytschko).
2 - Q4, visco-elastic hourglass without orthogonality (Hallquist).
3 - Q4, elastic-plastic hourglass with orthogonality.
4 - Q4 with improved type 1 formulation (orthogonalization for
warped elements).
12 - QBAT or DKT18 shell formulation.
24 - QEPH shell formulation.
ISH3N
Flag for 3-node shell element formulation.

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Field
Contents
1 - Standard triangle (C0).
2 - Standard triangle (C0) with modification for large rotation.
30 - DKT18.
31 - DKT_S3.
ISMSTR

(new formulation compatible with all other formulation flags).
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with optional small strain formulation
activation by time step.
3 - Old small strain formulation (only compatible with ISHELL =2).
4 - Full geometric non-linearity (Time step limit has no effect).
ITHICK

Default = VAR (CONST or VAR)
CONST - Thickness is constant.
VAR - Thickness change is taken into account.
IPLAS
Flag for shell plane stress plasticity (MATX2, MATX27, and MATX36
only).
Default = NEWT (RAD or NEWT)
RAD - Radial return.
NEWT - Iterative projection with 3 Newton iterations.
NIP
Number of integration points through the thickness. NIP = 0 defines

global integration.
Default = 5 (Integer 0 < N < 10)
IDRIL
Flag for drilling degree of freedom stiffness.
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Field
Contents
If NLGEOM or IMPDYN subcase exists, default = 1,
Otherwise, default = 0 (Integer)
0 = No
1 = Yes
Comments
1.
XSHLPRM defines default settings for solid properties that can be overwritten by PSHELLX.
2.
XSHLPRM is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.

QBAT: Modified BATOZ Q4 24 shell with 4 Gauss integration points and reduced
4.
ISHELL = 2 is incompatible with one integration point for shell element.
5.
If the small strain option (ISMSTR) is set to 1 or 3, the strain and stress are engineering
6.
Global integration (NIP = 0) is only compatible with MAT1, MATX2, and MATX36.
7.
For MAT1, membrane only behavior happens if NIP = 1. Otherwise, NIP is ignored and
global integration (NIP = 0) is used.
8.
For ITHICK = VAR, it is recommended to use IPLAS = NEWT.
9.
For MATX2, the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS = RAD.
10. For MATX36, the default value for IPLAS and global integration (NIP=0) is IPLAS = NEWT.

Altair Engineering
XSOLPRM
Bulk Data Entry
XSOLPRM Default SOLID Properties for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis
Description
Defines default SOLID properties for geometric nonlinear analysis.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
XSOLPRM
ISOLID
ISMSTR
IFRAME
NIP
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Example
(1)
(2)
XSOLPRM
24
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
222
Field
Contents
ISOLID

Default = 1 for explicit analysis and 14 for implicit analysis (Integer).
16 - Quadratic 20-node solid, full integration, variable number of
Gauss points.
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Field
Contents
24 - HEPH 8-node solid element. Co-rotational, under-integrated.
(1 Gauss point) with physical stabilization.
ISMSTR

1 - Small strain from time=0.
2 - Full geometric non-linearity with small strain formulation
activation by time step.
formulation).
IFRAME
Flag for co-rotational element formulation (ISOLID = 1, 2, 12, and

17 only).
NIP
Number of integration points (ISOLID = 14, 16 only).

Default = 222 (Integer = ijk):
2 < i,j,k < 9
for ISOLID =14
2 < i,k < 3, 2 < j < 9
for ISOLID =16
where:
Comments
1.
XSOLPRM defines default settings for solid properties that can be overwritten by PSOLIDX.
2.
XSOLPRM is only applied in geometric nonlinear analysis subcases which are defined by
3.
The ISOLID flag is not used with CTETRA elements. For these, elements with four and
ten nodes the number of integration points is fixed at one and four, respectively.

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4.
For fully integrated solids (SOLID =12), the deviatoric behavior is computed using 8 Gauss
5.
6.
7.
Fully integrated elements (ISOLID =12) only uses full geometric non-linearity (corresponds
8.
ISMSTR = 10 is only compatible with materials using total strain formulation (MATX42).
9.
The time step control XSTEP, TYPEi = SOLID, TSCi = CST only works on elements with
ISMSTR = 2.
11. HA8 (ISOLID = 14) elements: this element uses a locking-free general solid formulation,
co-rotational. The number of Gauss points is defined by NIP flag: for example, combined
with NIP = 222 gives an 8 Gauss integration point element, similar to ISOLID = 12. The
HA8 formulation is compatible with all material laws.
12. HEPH (ISOLID = 24) elements: This element uses an hourglass formulation similar to QEPH
shell elements.
Altair Engineering

XSTEP
Bulk Data Entry
XSTEP Parameters for Explicit Analysis Control
Description
Defines explicit analysis control.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
XSTEP
SID
TA0
DTA
DTTH
NPRINT
RFILE
NITER
NPAMS
DTSC A
DTMIN
TSTYP
TAC T
TYPE1
TSC 1
DT1
DTM1
ESID1
AMST1
TYPE2
TSC 2
DT2
DTM2
ESID2
AMST2
-etc.-
Example
(1)
(2)
XSTEP
(3)
0.9
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
DETAIL
GRID
C ST
0.9
0.1e-6
Field
Contents
SID

(Integer > 0)

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
TA0

DTA
Output time step for animation files. If zero, no output (See

comment 3).
Default = 0.01*TTERMS (Real > 0)
DTTH
Output time step for time history files. If zero, no output (See
comment 3).
Default = 0.001*TTERMS (Real > 0)
NPRINT
Print every NPRINT iteration. If negative, to .out and standard

output; if positive, only to .out file.
RFILE

NITER
Maximum number of iterations in conjugate gradient.

Only valid when TSTYP = GRID and TACT = AMS.
NPAMS
Frequency (number of cycles) for writing additional output about

the number of iterations before convergence in the conjugate
gradient.
DTSCA
Default scale factor on explicit time step for all elements.

DTMIN
Default minimum explicit time step.

TSTYP
Type of time step control (See comment 2).
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
ELEM
Elemental time step.
GRID
Nodal time step.
CONTACT
Contact interface time step
DETAIL
From definition in continuation lines.
Default = GRID (Character = GRID, ELEM, CONTACT or DETAIL)

TACT
Action if minimum time step is reached (For TSTYP = GRID, ELEM,

CONTACT, See comment 3).
DEF
Default (TSTYP = GRID, CONTACT Do nothing, ELEM

(Shells) = DEL, ELEM (Solids) = STOP).
DEL
Delete (TSTYP = ELEM and CONTACT only).
STOP
Stop run.
CST
Standard mass scaling. Continue with constant time step.
AMS
Advanced mass scaling. Continue with constant time step

(TSTYP = GRID and CONTACT only).
Default = DEF (Character = DEF, STOP, DEL, CST, or AMS)

TYPEi
Entity type selection (See comment 4).

No default (Character = GRID, CONTACT, SHELL, and SOLID)
TSCi
Time step control method (See comment 4).

STOP
Stop after reaching DTMi. A restart file will be written.

This option is the default for brick and quad elements.
DEL
Element deletion. Elements reaching DTMi are removed.

This option is the default for shell elements. For TYPEi =
CONTACT, the impacted grid that fixes the time step will
be removed from the interface.
CST
Constant time step after reaching DTMi.

For TYPEi = SHELL, SOLID (except 8 integration points
hexas) the formulation switches to small strain for each

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
element that reaches the DTMi.

For TYPEi = GRID, CONTACT, the mass of the grid that
reaches DTMi is increased. You should check the evolution
of the mass of the model.
AMS
Advanced mass scaling. Constant time step after reaching

DTMi. Advanced Mass Scaling does not modify the global
mass so that the global momentum of the related nodes is
conserved. More accurate than TSCi = CST (TYPEi = GRID
and CONTACT only).
SET
Forces are reduced to keep constant time step (TYPEi =

GRID only).
Default = according to table (blank or Character = STOP, DEL, CST,

AMS, SET)
DTi
Time step scale factor for entity type (See comment 4).
DTMi
Minimum time step for entity type.

ESIDi
AMS).
No default (blank, Integer > 0)
AMSTi
Tolerance for advanced mass scaling convergence (Only for TYPEi =

AMS).
Default = 10-4 (REAL > 0.0)
Comments
1.
The XSTEP bulk data entry is selected by the Subcase Information command XSTEP =
option. It is only used in explicit analysis (ANALYSIS = EXPDYN); it is ignored in other
analyses.
2.
Any number of continuation lines can be used.
3.
Time step control for explicit analysis
Altair Engineering

TSTYP
Elements
Default
Options
Do nothing
AMS, CST, STOP
Shells
DEL
CST, STOP
Solids
STOP
CST, DEL
GRID
ELEM
With TSTYP = GRID, the nodal time step is used. With this option, the computation of
each cycle is slightly more expensive, but the time step can be higher, mainly for nonoptimized meshes and therefore the overall runtime shorter.
For TSTYP = GRID, TACT = CST, the mass of the grid that reaches DTMIN1 is increased.
You should check the evolution of the mass of the model.
For TSTYP = ELEM, TACT = CST, the element formulation switches to small strain for
each element that reaches the DTMIN1.
4.
Overview of default settings and options for TYPEi:

Do Nothing
STOP
DEL
CST
AMS
SET
SHELL
N/A
Optional
Default
Optional
N/A
N/A
SOLID
N/A
Default
Optional
Optional
N/A
N/A
CONTACT
Default
Optional
Optional
Optional
Optional
N/A
GRID
Default
Optional
N/A
Optional
Optional
Optional
With TYPEi = GRID, the nodal time step is used. With this option, the computation of
each cycle is slightly more expensive, but the time step can be higher, mainly for nonoptimized meshes and therefore the overall runtime shorter.
With TYPEi = GRID and TSCi = CST, DTi = 0.67 is recommended.
With TYPEi = CONTACT and TSCi = DEL, the impacted node which fixes the time step is
removed from the interface.
TYPEi = SOLID and TSCi = CST is only active for solid elements with the flag ISMSTR = 2
set on PSOLIDX. This option is not available for 8 integration points.
5.
Analysis section.
6.
TSTYP = NODA and TACT = AMS can activate elementary time step for Advanced Mass
Scaling, as well as TYPEi = NODA and TSCi = AMS.
7.
NITER and NPAMS are only valid for Advanced Mass Scaling (AMS). If more NITER
iterations have been performed before convergence of the conjugate gradient, the
computation stops and error out. If NPAMS is specified, at each NPAMS cycle an
additional output is provided including: the number of iterations before convergence of

Altair Engineering
the conjugate gradient at this cycle, the final residual norm and the force vector norm.
8.
Altair Engineering

Element Quality Check

In order to prevent analyses from being carried out on badly discretized models, an element
quality check is incorporated into the pre-processing phase. The element quality check is
controlled jointly by the CHECKEL parameter (see PARAM, CHECKEL) and the ELEMQUAL bulk
data entry.
Three types of element quality checks are performed:
1.
Validity check of maximum allowable limits a bound based on mathematical limitations.

Violation will cause singular or ill-conditioned element matrices. Examples are: a reentrant angle (equal to or greater than 180 degrees) in quadrilateral element/surface, 0
collapse in tetra.
2.
Quality check of error limits whether an element is in the acceptable range.
3.
Quality check of warning limits whether an element is in the recommended range.

Violation may cause poor result quality, but will not stop the solution process.
With the CHECKEL parameter, type 2 and 3 checks may be controlled and the ELEMQUAL bulk
data entry may be used to set the error and warning limits. However, the "validity" check,
type 1, is always performed even when the value of PARAM, CHECKEL is NO.
A check for collapsed element nodes is performed for all elements. All other property checks
are performed after this collapsed node check, and will be skipped if collapsed nodes are
found. If the element quality check is activated, the checks for each element are performed
according to the following precedence: (1) validity check, (2) quality check for error limits,
and (3) quality check for warning limits. Violation of any check will skip the subsequent
check(s).
The warp angle check on CQUAD4 elements is relaxed for topography optimization. This
relaxation prevents premature error termination of the optimization due to element quality
concerns. However, be aware that the resulting mesh from a topography optimization may fail
the CQUAD4 warp angle check when reanalyzed.
The checks performed and the default bound values for each element type are outlined in the
following topics:
CGASK6 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTRIA3 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CQUAD4 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTAXI / CTRIAX6 Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CTETRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CPENTA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
CHEXA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

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CPYRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values
Altair Engineering


CGASK6 Element Check and Default Bounds
The element check and default bounds of the CGASK6 element are identical as those of the
first-order (6-noded) CPENTA element.

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first-order (8-noded) CHEXA element.
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second-order (15-noded) CPENTA element. Notice that CGASK12 has six 3-node edges of
which Hoe Normal Offset and Hoe Tangent Offset are checked.

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second-order (20-noded) CHEXA element. Notice that CGASK16 has 8 3-node edges of which
Hoe Normal Offset and Hoe Tangent Offset are checked.
Altair Engineering


CTRIA3 Element Check
The following qualities of the CTRIA3 element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CTRIA3 element is defined as the ratio of the maximum side
length to the minimum side length.
Skew Angle
The skew angle of a CTRIA3 element is the difference between 90 degrees and the
minimum of three angles: a1, a2 and a3. These angles are defined, for the CTRIA3
element, as the smallest of the angles created when a line drawn from a node to the
midpoint of the opposing side intersects a line connecting the midpoints of the
adjacent two sides. The skew angle has a range from 0 degrees for a perfect triangle
to 90 degrees for a collapsed triangle.
SKEW = 90 - MIN(a1,a2,a2 )
Vertex Angle
For each vertex, the angle is measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum
and maximum values of the three nodes are reported for the element.
CTRIA3 Default Bounds
Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
50.0
500.0
1.0E5
Skew Angle
75.0
85.0
90.0
Vertex Angle
15.0
165.0
3.0
177.0
0.0
180.0
Information
The values used for warning and error checks may be adjusted by the ELEMQUAL bulk data
entry, but validity checks are hard-coded.

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Altair Engineering


CQUAD4 Element Check
The following qualities are checked for CQUAD4 elements:
Vertex Angle
For each vertex, the angle is measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum
and maximum values of the four nodes are reported for the element.
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CQUAD4 element is the length of its longest side, divided by the
length of its shortest side.
Skew Angle
The skew angle in a CQUAD4 element is calculated by finding the minimum angle
between two lines joining opposite mid-sides of the element. Ninety degrees minus the
minimum angle found is reported.
Warp Angle
The warpage of a CQUAD4 element is calculated by splitting the quad into two trias
and finding the angle between the two planes which the trias form. The quad is then
split again, this time using the opposite corners and forming the second set of trias.
The angle between the two planes, which the trias form, is then found. The maximum
angle found between the planes is the warp angle of the element.
CQUAD4 Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0
1.0E5
Skew Angle
60.0
75.0
90.0
Warp Angle*
30.0
60.0
180.0
Vertex Angle
15.0
165.0
3.0
177.0
0.0
180.0
Information
*Warp angle limits are relaxed to 140/160/179 in topography optimization problems.


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CQUAD8 Element Check
The following qualities are checked for CQUAD8 elements:
Vertex Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. For each vertex, the angle is
measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum and maximum values of the
four nodes are reported for the element.
Aspect Ratio
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. The aspect ratio of a CQUAD8
element is the length of its longest side, divided by the length of its shortest side.
Skew Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. The skew angle in a CQUAD8
element is calculated by finding the minimum angle between two lines joining opposite
mid-sides of the element. Ninety degrees minus the minimum angle found is reported.
Warp Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. The warpage of a CQUAD8
element is calculated by splitting the quad into two trias and finding the angle between
the two planes which the trias form. The quad is then split again, this time using the
opposite corners and forming the second set of trias. The angle between the two
planes, which the trias form, is then found. The maximum angle found between the
planes is the warp angle of the element.
Hoe Normal Offset
The hoe normal offset is the maximum of its edges normal offset values. See the
definition of hoe normal offset of 3-node edge.
Hoe Tangent Offset
The hoe tangent offset is the maximum of its edges tangent offset values. See the
definition of hoe tangent offset of 3-node edge.
CQUAD8 Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Information
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit Lower Limit Upper Limit
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0
1.0E5
Skew Angle
60.0
75.0
90.0
Altair Engineering

Information
Default values for

warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Warp Angle
90.0
175.0
180.0
Vertex Angle
15.0
165.0
3.0
177.0
0.0
180.0
Hoe Normal Offset
0.30
0.60
1.0E5
Hoe Tangent
Offset
0.20
0.24
0.25

Altair Engineering
CTAXI / CTRIAX6 Element Checks and Default Bound

Values
3-node CTAXI / CTRIA6 Element Check and Default Bounds
The element check and default bounds of the 3-node CTAXI or CTRIAX6 element are identical
as those of the CTRIA3 element.
6-node CTAXI / CTRIA6 Element Check and Default Bounds

The element check and default bounds of the 6-node CTAXI or CTRIAX6 element are identical
as those of the CTRIA3 element.
Altair Engineering


CTRIA6 Element Check
The following qualities of the CTRIA6 element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. It is defined as the ratio of the
maximum side length to the minimum side length.
Skew Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. It is the difference between 90
degrees and the minimum of three angles: a1, a2 and a3. These angles are defined, for
the CTRIA6 element, as the smallest of the angles created when a line drawn from a
node to the midpoint of the opposing side intersects a line connecting the midpoints of
the adjacent two sides. The skew angle has a range from 0 degrees for a perfect
triangle to 90 degrees for a collapsed triangle.
Vertex Angle
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. For each vertex, the angle is
measured between its two adjacent edges. The minimum and maximum values of the
three nodes are reported for the element.
Hoe Normal Offset
The hoe normal offset is the maximum of its edges normal offset values. See the
Hoe Tangent Offset
CTRIA6 Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
50.0
500.0
1.0E5
Skew Angle
75.0
85.0
90.0
Vertex Angle
15.0
165.0
3.0
177.0
0.0
180.0
Hoe Normal
Offset
0.30
0.60
1.0E5
Information

Altair Engineering
Default values for

warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
0.20
0.24
0.25
Information
Hoe Tangent
Offset
Altair Engineering

Hoe Tangent Offset of 3-node Edge

The hoe tangent offset of a 3-node edge is defined as the ratio of the distance between the
real and ideal mid-side node and the distance between the corner nodes of the edge. If the
mid-side node does not lie on the line connecting the corner nodes (that is the edge has a
non-zero normal offset), then its projection on the line is used in the calculation.
HTEi
Hoe tangent offset of edge i
di / li

Altair Engineering
Hoe Normal Offset of 3-node Edge

The hoe normal offset of a 3-node edge is defined as the ratio between the mid-side nodes
normal offset distance (distance between the mid-side node and the line connecting the two
corner nodes of the edge) and the distance between the two corner nodes.
HNEi
Hoe normal offset of edge i
hi / li
Altair Engineering

CTETRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

CTETRA 1st-order (4-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CTETRA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CTETRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the aspect
ratio of its four triangular faces. Each face is treated as a CTRIA3 element.
Face Skew Angle
The face skew angle of a CTETRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the
skew angles of its four triangular faces. Each face is treated as a CTRIA3 element.
Vertex Angle
The same vertex angle check is performed for all of the faces, and each is treated as a
triangular (CTRIA3) or quadrilateral (CQUAD4) element. The minimum and maximum values
reported for the element.
Collapse
The collapse of a CTETRA 1st-order element is defined as the minimum of four values,
each calculated as the ratio between the distance from a vertex to its opposing face, and
the square root of the area of the opposing face.
collapse = MIN (hi / sqrt(Ai))
i = 1,2,3,4
The reported value is normalized by 1.2408, which gives the equilateral tetra a collapse
value of 1. As the tetra collapses, the collapse value approaches 0.
Edge Angle
An edge angle is the absolute value of the angle between two faces sharing a common
edge subtracted from 90 degrees. The edge angle (EA) of a CTETRA 1st-order element is
defined as the maximum of its six edge angles.
EA = MAX | 90 - ANGLE(Nki, Nli)
i = 1, ... 6
Where, Nki and Nli are the normal vectors of faces k and l that have a common edge i.

Altair Engineering
CTETRA 2nd-order (10-noded) Element Checks

The following qualities of the CTETRA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
This quality is calculated using only the corner nodes. Its definition is the same as that
used for the CTETRA 1st-order element.
Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Collapse
Edge Angle
Hoe Normal Offset
The hoe normal and tangent offsets of the CTETRA 2nd-order element are defined as the
maximum of the hoe normal and tangent offsets of its 6 edges, respectively. See the
Hoe Tangent Offset
The hoe normal and tangent offsets of the CTETRA 2nd-order element are defined as the
maximum of the hoe normal and tangent offsets of its 6 edges, respectively. See
Altair Engineering

CTETRA Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0
1.0E5
Face Skew Angle
75.0
85.0
90.0
C ollapse
0.001
100.0
0.0
100.0
0.0
1000.0
Edge Angle
75.0
87.0
90.0
Hoe Normal Offset
0.30
0.60
1.0E5
Hoe Tangent Offset
0.20
0.25
0.50
Information

Altair Engineering
CPENTA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

CPENTA 1st-order (6-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CPENTA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CPENTA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the aspect
ratios of its three quadrilateral faces and two triangular faces. Each quadrilateral face is
treated as a CQUAD4 element and each triangular face as a CTRIA3 element.
Face Skew Angle
The skew angle of a CPENTA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum skew angle
among its three quadrilateral faces and two triangular faces. Each quadrilateral face is
treated as a CQUAD4 element and each triangular face as a CTRIA3 element.
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
The face warpage of a CPENTA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum warpage
among the three quadrilateral faces, each treated as a CQUAD4 element.
Twist Angle
The twist angle is defined as the rotation of one triangular face with respect to the
opposite triangular face. The rotation is computed as follows: first construct a reference
plane perpendicular to the line connecting the centroids of the two triangular faces. The
three edges of each triangular are then projected to this reference plane. The maximum
angle between the corresponding edges of the two projected triangles is reported as the
twist angle of the CPENTA 1st-order element.
Edge Angle
The edge angle is the absolute value of the angle between two faces sharing a common
edge, subtracted from 90 degrees. For warped quadrilateral faces, the projected planes
defined by the plane vectors are used to compute the face normals (see definition of
reference plane for quadrilateral element or face), which are used in the angle calculation.
The edge angle of a CPENTA 1st-order is defined as the maximum edge angles in the
element.
CPENTA 2nd-order (15-noded) Element Checks

The following qualities of the CPENTA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
used for the CPENTA 1st-order element.
Altair Engineering

Face Skew Angle

Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
Twist Angle
Edge Angle
Hoe Normal Offset
The hoe normal offset is the maximum of its edges normal offset values. See the definition
of hoe normal offset of 3-node edge.
Hoe Tangent Offset
CPENTA Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0
1.0E5
Skew Angle
60.0
75.0
90.0
Face Warp Angle
30.0
60.0
180.0
Twist Angle
30.0
75.0
90.0
Edge Angle
75.0
87.0
90.0
Information

Altair Engineering
Default values for

warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Hoe Normal Offset
0.30
0.60
1.0E5
Hoe Tangent
Offset
0.20
0.25
0.5
Information
Altair Engineering

Reference Plane for Quadrilateral Element or Face

In order to measure the distortion of the quadrilateral face of a solid element, a unique
reference plane is defined by two auxiliary plane vectors. The plane vectors are calculated
as:
PL1 = (V3 + V2 ) - (V1 + V4 )
PL2 = (V3 + V4 ) - (V1 + V2 )
where, V1, V2, V3, and V4 are the vectors that connect the four corner nodes with the
centroid of the quadrilateral. These two plane vectors and the centroid are then used to
construct the reference plane. These vectors of a non-warping quadrilateral face are shown
below:

Altair Engineering
CHEXA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

CHEXA 1st-order (8-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CHEXA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum aspect ratio
among its six faces; each treated as a CQUAD4 element.
Face Skew Angle
The face skew angle of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum skew angle
Vertex Angle
quadrilateral (CQUAD4) element. The minimum and maximum values reported for the
element.
Face Warpage
The face warpage of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum warpage
Twist Angle
The twist angle of a CHEXA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum rotation of one
face with respect to its opposite face. The calculation is done as follows:
For each face, define two diagonal vectors as:
D1 = 0.25 * (PL1 + PL2)
D2 = 0.25 * (PL1 + PL2)
where, PL1 and PL2 are the place vectors of the face treated as CQUAD4. See the
definition of reference plane for quadrilateral element or face. The diagonal vectors for a
planar parallelogram can be show below:
Then, for each pair of opposing faces, a reference plane that is perpendicular to the axis
connecting the centroids of the faces is constructed. The diagonal vectors D1 and D2 of
each of the two opposite faces are projected onto this reference plane. The angles
between the projected
and the projected
are computed as t 1 and t 2. The
maximum of t 1 and t 2 is defined as the relative rotation between these two opposite faces
(TAF). Finally, the twist angle (TA) of a CHEXA 1st-order is calculated as the maximum
relative rotation of its three pairs of opposing faces.
Altair Engineering

Edge Angle
An edge angle is the absolute value of the angle between two faces sharing a common
edge, subtracted from 90 degrees. For warped faces, the projected planes are used to
compute the face normals used for the angle calculation. The edge angle of a CHEXA 1storder is defined as the maximum edge angle in the element.
CHEXA 1st-order Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Information
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0

1.0E5
Altair Engineering
Default values for

warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Information
Face Skew Angle
60.0
75.0
90.0
Face Warp Angle
30.0
60.0
180.0
Twist Angle
30.0
90.0
180.0
Edge Angle
60.0
85.0
90.0
CHEXA 2nd-order (20-noded) Element Checks

The following qualities of the CHEXA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
used for the CHEXA 1st-order element.
Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
Twist Angle
Edge Angle
Hoe Normal Offset
Altair Engineering

Hoe Tangent Offset

CHEXA 2nd-order Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0
1.0E5
Face Skew Angle
60.0
75.0
90.0
Face Warp Angle
30.0
60.0
180.0
Twist Angle
30.0
75.0
180.0
Edge Angle
60.0
89.0
90.0
Hoe Normal
Offset
0.30
0.60
1.0E5
Hoe Tangent
Offset
0.20
0.25
0.50
Information

Altair Engineering
CPYRA Element Checks and Default Bound Values

CPYRA 1st-order (5-noded) Element Checks
The following qualities of the CPYRA 1st-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
The aspect ratio of a CPYRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the aspect
ratios of its four triangular faces and the quadrilateral base face. Each triangular face is
treated as a CTRIA3 element and the quadrilateral face as a CQUAD4 element.
Face Skew Angle
The face skew angle of a CPYRA 1st-order element is defined as the maximum of the skew
angles of its four triangular faces and the quadrilateral base face. Each triangular face is
treated as a CTRIA3 element and the quadrilateral face as a CQUAD4 element.
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
The face skew angle of a CPYRA 1st-order element is defined as the warpage of its
quadrilateral base face, which is treated as a CQUAD4 element.
CPYRA 2nd-order (13-noded) Element Checks

The following qualities of the CPYRA 2nd-order element are checked:
Aspect Ratio
used for the CPYRA 1st-order element.
Face Skew Angle
Vertex Angle
Face Warpage
Altair Engineering

Hoe Normal Offset

Hoe Tangent Offset
CPYRA Default Bounds

Default values for
warning message
Default values for

error message
Default values for

validity check
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Lower
Limit
Upper
Limit
Aspect Ratio
100.0
1000.0
1.0E5
Skew Angle
60.0
75.0
90.0
Face Warp Angle
30.0
60.0
180.0
Hoe Normal Offset
0.30
0.60
1.0E5
Hoe Tangent Offset
0.20
0.25
0.5
Information

Altair Engineering
Material Property Check

In order to prevent analyses from being carried out on models with poor material definitions, a
material property check is incorporated into the pre-processing phase. The material property
check is controlled by the CHECKMAT parameter (see the PARAM input format).
There are several levels of requirements that material data needs to satisfy:
1.
Symmetry requirements - These are assured by the input formats.
2.
Mathematical requirements - These have to be satisfied so that the stiffness matrix can
be formulated at all, and are usually not very strict. For example, to avoid division by
zero, MAT1 in 3D must have n-1 and n0.5. Composite homogenization adds additional
mathematical requirements. Failure to meet these criteria will always result in an error
termination.
3.
Stability requirements - By default, "semi-stability" combined with "not-all-zeros" stability

based on the following definitions is required:
Full stability - This means that the material is stable; when pulled it stretches rather
than shrinks, etc. For example, E>0 assures stability for a rod. In a mathematical
sense, stability assures that the stiffness matrix (with proper support) will be SemiPositive Definite (SPD).
Semi-stability - This is a slight extension of stability to include borderline cases such as
allowing E=0. It guarantees that the stiffness matrix (with proper support) will be
Semi-Positive Semi-Definite (SPSD). However, this can lead to infinite or very large
compliances.
Not all zeros - This is an additional requirement that at least one deformation mode of
the material is active (non-zero stiffness). This avoids element stiffness matrices that
are identically zero. However, It does not prevent infinite or very large compliances.
An error termination will occur if a material has negative stiffness.
A warning is produced if any individual mode of deformation has zero stiffness.
An error termination will occur if all modes of deformation have zero stiffness.
4.
Consistency requirements - This is a requirement that user provided data be internally

consistent. For example, specifying E, G and Nu for isotropic material may lead to
inconsistent data.
5.
Practical material requirements - These are requirements that correspond to typical

practical materials. For example, while stability requirements allow for negative Poisson's
ratio, the natural materials usually have positive n (although some composites and nanomaterials with negative n exist).
You may choose to perform only those checks that are necessary to avoid crashes in the
element routines (that is the Mathematical Requirement checks). This is facilitated through
the specification of PARAM,CHECKMAT,NO in the bulk data section of the input deck.
The checks performed for MAT1, MAT2, MAT3, MAT8, and MAT9 are outlined in the following
topics:
Material Property Checks for MAT1
Altair Engineering



Altair Engineering

In addition to the property requirements, there are usage and recalculation rules for MAT1
data.
Usage Rules for MAT1 Data

Element Type
ROD, BEAM,
BAR
Used for bending and

tension.
Used for torsion.
Unused.
QUAD, TRIA
Used in combination with

n for bending and
membrane.
Used for transverse

shear.

E for bending and
membrane.
SOLID

n.
Unused.

n.
Recalculation Rules for MAT1

In cases when not all material parameters are given for MAT1, here are the recalculation rules
for the remaining parameters. Note that in cases of two prescribed parameters, this is
obvious; while in cases of a single prescribed parameter, you are making an assumption as to
which one is assumed to be zero.
Given
E
given
given
Mean
n
given
as given
G = E / 2(1 + n)
as given
as given
as given
n = E/2G - 1
E = 2G(1 + n)
as given
as given
as given
0.0
0.0
0.0
as given
0.0
given
given
given
given
given
given
Altair Engineering
not allowed

Material Requirements for MAT1

The property requirements on MAT1 vary depending on whether it is used for 1D, 2D, or 3D
elements. The details are provided in the table below.
Material
Requirements
MAT1 - 1D
MAT1 - 2D
MAT1 - 3D
Mathematical
n = -1 results in error
termination.
n = -1 or n = 1
results in error
termination.
Semi-stability
E < 0 or G < 0 results

in error termination.
E < 0, G < 0, n < -1 E < 0, n < -1, or n >

> or -n > 0.5 results 0.5 results in error
in error termination. termination.
PARAM,CHECKMAT,NO
will disable this error.
PARAM,CHECKMAT,N
O will disable this
error.
PARAM,CHECKMAT,N
O will disable this
error.
If both E = 0 and G =
0, an error termination
occurs.
If both E = 0 and G
= 0, an error
termination occurs.
E < 0 results in error

termination.
If either E = 0 or G =
0, a warning is given.
If either E = 0 or G =
0, a warning is
given.
A warning is provided
A warning is provided A warning is
n < -1 or n > 0.5

results in a warning
(however, this is
unused in 1D).
Not all zeros
Consistency
n = -1 or n = 0.5
results in error
termination.
n).
Mathematical for
composites
/ 2(1 + n).
After
homogenization, if
either E = 0 or G =
0, an error
termination occurs.

Altair Engineering

MAT2 only applied to 2D elements.
Material Requirements
MAT2
Mathematical
none
Semi-stability
If any eigenvalues of [G] < 0, an error termination will occur.

PARAM,CHECKMAT,NO will disable this error.
Not all zeros
If all eigenvalues of [G] = 0, an error termination will occur.

If any eigenvalue of [G] = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency
none
Mathematical for
composites
After homogenization, if Det[G] = 0, an error termination will

occur.
Altair Engineering


MAT3 only applies to axisymmetric elements.
Mathematical
MAT3
If EX = 0, ETH = 0, EZ = 0 or
NUXTH * NUTHX + NUTHZ * NUZTH + NUZX * NUXZ + 2 *
NUXTH * NUTHZ * NUZX = 1,
an error termination will occur (See comment 1).
Semi-stability
If EX < 0, ETH < 0, EZ < 0 or GZX < 0, an error termination

will occur.
Not all zeros
If GZX = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency
none
Comments
1.
By substitution of
into
NUXTH * NUTHX + NUTHZ * NUZTH + NUZX * NUXZ + 2 * NUXTH * NUTHZ * NUZX = 1,
it can be expressed in terms of

Altair Engineering

MAT8 only applies to 2D elements.
Mathematical
MAT8
If n1 2 *n2 1 = 1, an error termination will occur (See comment
1).
Semi-stability
E1 < 0, E2 < 0, G1 2 < 0, G1 ,Z < 0, or G2 ,Z < 0 will result in an

error termination.
Not all zeros
If E1 = 0, E2 = 0 , and G1 2 = 0, an error termination will

occur.
If E1 = 0, E2 = 0 , or G1 2 = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency
E1 *n2 1 = E2 *n1 2 is assured as only n12 is input.
Mathematical for
composites
After homogenization, if Det[G] = 0, an error termination will

occur.
Comments
1.
By substitution of E1*n21 = E2*n12 into n12*n21 = 1, it can be expressed in terms of

n12*n12*E2/E1 = 1.
Altair Engineering


MAT9 only applies to 3D elements.
MAT9
Mathematical
none
Semi-stability
If any eigenvalues of [G] < 0, an error termination will occur.

Not all zeros
If all eigenvalues of [G] = 0, an error termination will occur.

If any eigenvalue of [G] = 0, a warning is provided.
Consistency
none

Altair Engineering
Output Data
Descriptions for individual output files can be accessed by selecting from the links for each
entry, listed below in groups according to type and alphabetically on the Files Created by
OptiStruct page.
The filenames listed on this page contain only the tail part of the name. For most files, the
full filename is controlled by the OUTFILE command (ASSIGN,OUTFILE), and in the absence of
OUTFILE, they use the root of input filename. Unless otherwise noted for a specific file type
(.#.eigv), all output files have the same root and are located in the same folder. The only
exception is <BODY_NAME>.h3d; these files may not have a common root in the filename.
HyperMesh
OptiStruct
.amls_singularity.cmf file
.#.asens file
.HM.comp.cmf file
.#.eigv file
.HM.conn.cmf file
.#.sens file
.HM.elcheck.cmf file
.#.grid file
.HM.elcheck.###.cmf file
.#.sh file
.HM.ent.cmf file
.cstr file
.HM.gapstat.cmf file
.dens file
.res file
.disp file
.dvgrid file
HyperView/HyperGraph
.echo file
.#.h3d file
.force file
.h3d file
.fsthick file
.hgdata file
.gpf file
_des.h3d file
.grid file
_freq.mvw file
.hist file
_gauge.h3d file
.interface file
_hist.mvw file
.load file
_mass.mvw file
.mass file
_modal.#.mvw file
.mpcf file
_modal.mvw file
.out file
_rand.mvw file
.pret file
_topol.h3d file
.prop file
_tran.mvw file
.rand file
_s#.h3d file
.seplot file
_sens.#.mvw file
.sh file
Altair Engineering

_freq.#.mvw file
.spcd file
_mass.#.mvw file
.spcf file
.stat file
Nastran
.strn file
.k.op2 file
.strs file
.m.op2 file
_err.grid file
.op2 file
_s#_a.frf file
.pch file
_s#_a.mbd file
.peak file
_s#_a.trn file
_s#_d.frf file
OSSmooth
_s#_d.mbd file
.oss file
_s#_d.trn file
_s#_v.frf file
Multi-body Dynamics
_s#_v.mbd file
_mbd.h3d file
_s#_v.trn file
_mbd.log file
.#.#.fat file
_mbd.mrf file
.#.mass file
_mbd.mvw file
.desvar file
_mbd.xml file
.pcomp file
<BODY_NAME>.h3d file
_s#_a.#.frf file
.mnf file
_s#_d.#.frf file
_s#_v.#.frf file
_shuffling.#.fem file
_sizing.#.fem file
Patran
Alternative Patran
.#.#.#.dis file
.#.#.dis.# file
.#.#.dis file
.#.dis.# file
.#.#.els file
.#.els.# file
.#.dis file
.dis.# file
.#.els file
.els.# file
HTML
Microsoft Excel

Altair Engineering
.html file
_frames.html file
.#.slk file
_gso.slk file
_menu.html file
Altair Engineering

List of Files Created by OptiStruct (Alphabetical)

The filenames listed on this page contain only the tail part of the name. For most files, the
full filename is controlled by the OUTFILE command (ASSIGN,OUTFILE), and in the absence of
OUTFILE, they use the root of input filename. Unless otherwise noted for a specific file type
(.#.eigv), all output files have the same root and are located in the same folder. The only
exception is <BODY_NAME>.h3d; these files may not have a common root in the filename.
.#.#.#.dis file
.#.#.dis file
.#.#.dis.# file
.#.#.els file
.#.#.fat file
.#.asens file
.#.dis file
.#.dis.# file
.#.eigv file
.#.els file
.#.els.# file
.#.grid file
.#.h3d file
.#.mass file
.#.sens file
.#.sh file
.#.slk file
.cntf file
.contgap.fem file
.cstr file
.dens file
.desvar file
.dis.# file
.disp file
.dvgrid file
.echo file
.els.# file
.force file
.fsthick file
.gpf file
.grid file

Altair Engineering
.h3d file
.hgdata file
.hist file
.HM.comp.cmf file
.HM.conn.cmf file
.HM.ent.cmf file
.html file
.interface file
.k.op2 file
.load file
.m.op2 file
.mass file
.mnf file
.mpcf file
.op2 file
.oss file
.out file
.pch file
.pcomp file
.peak file
.pret file
.prop file
.rand file
.res file
.seplot file
.sh file
.spcd file
.spcf file
.stat file
.strn file
.strs file
_des.h3d file
_err.grid file
_frames.html file
_freq.#.mvw file
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_freq.mvw file
_gauge.h3d file
_gso.slk file
_hist.mvw file
_mass.#.mvw file
_mass.mvw file
_mbd.h3d file
_mbd.log file
_mbd.mrf file
_mbd.mvw file
_mbd.xml file
_menu.html file
_modal.#.mvw file
_modal.mvw file
_rand.mvw file
_s#.h3d file
_s#_a.#.frf file
_s#_a.frf file
_s#_a.mbd file
_s#_a.trn file
_s#_d.#.frf file
_s#_d.frf file
_s#_d.mbd file
_s#_d.trn file
_s#_v.#.frf file
_s#_v.frf file
_s#_v.mbd file
_s#_v.trn file
_sens.#.mvw file
_sizing.#.fem file
_topol.h3d file
_tran.mvw file

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.#.#.#.dis file
The .#.#.#.dis file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and normal modes analyses are
performed. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Eigenvector
Eigenvector results from normal modes analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each calculated mode at each iteration where the I/O Option
RESULTS requests analytical results to be output.
2.
The first # in the file name is the iteration number.
3.
The second # in the file name is the user-defined Subcase ID.
4.
The third # in the file name is the mode number.
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.#.#.dis file
The .#.#.dis file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
(See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from linear static analysis. Output is

controlled by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each subcase at each iteration where the I/O Option RESULTS
requests analytical results to be output.
2.
3.

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.#.#.dis.# file
The .#.#.dis.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and normal modes analyses are
performed. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Eigenvector
Eigenvector results from normal modes analyses. Output is controlled

by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each calculated mode at each iteration where the I/O Option
RESULTS requests analytical results to be output.
2.
The first # in the file name is the user-defined Subcase ID.
3.
The second # in the file name is the mode number.
4.
The third # in the file name is the iteration number.
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.#.#.els file
The .#.#.els file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
File Contents
Result
Description
Stress
Stress results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled by the I/O
Option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Comments
1.
2.
3.

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.#.#.fat file
The .#.#.fat file is an ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is created for fatigue analysis and optimization.
File Contents
This file contains the average fatigue life/damage, top five damaged elements, and the
detailed damage information (contribution from each static loadcase).
Comments
1.
2.
The second # in the file name is the user-defined fatigue subcase ID.
3.
If a fatigue optimization is performed, this file is created for each fatigue subcase at the
first and last iterations.
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.#.asens file
The .#.asens file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when an optimization is performed. Creation of this file is controlled by the
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The file contains sensitivity information for all responses with respect to topology design
variables (density) at a given iteration (denoted by the # in the file name).
File Format
The sensitivities are listed in a single column and are grouped by response. A blank line
separates each response grouping.
Comments
1.
The # in the file name is the iteration number.

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.#.dis file
The .#.dis file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and shape or topography design
variables are present. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Shape
Shape results from topography or shape optimizations. Output is

controlled by the I/O Option DENSRES.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O Option DENSRES requests
topography or shape results to be output.
2.
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.#.dis.# file
The .#.dis.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
File Contents
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled

by the I/O Option DISPLACEMENT.
Comments
1.
2.
3.
The second # in the file name is the iteration number.

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.#.eigv file
The _#.eigv file is an OptiStruct binary data file.
File Creation
This file is created by the subcase information entry EIGVSAVE. The prefix for the file name is
controlled by the I/O option EIGVNAME.
File Contents
Result
Description
Eigenvalue
Eigenvalue results from normal modes analyses.
Comments
1.
This file is used to store eigenvalue results from normal modes analyses for retrieval by
modal frequency response subcases. The EIGVRETRIEVE subcase information entry is
used to retrieve values from this file.
2.
The # in the file name is the integer argument given to EIGVSAVE.
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.#.els file
The .#.els file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the PATRAN format is chosen and topology design variables are
present. (See documentation for the I/O Option FORMAT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Density
Density results from topology optimizations. Output is controlled by the

I/O Option DENSRES.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O Option DENSRES requests
topology results to be output.
2.

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.#.els.# file
The .#.els.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and linear static analysis is performed.
File Contents
Result
Description
Stress
option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each subcase at each iteration where the I/O option RESULTS
2.
3.
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.#.grid file
The .#.grid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when topography or shape optimization is performed. Output of this file is
controlled by the I/O Option SHRES.
File Contents
Result
Description
Nodal locations
The nodal coordinates of the model at iteration # of the

optimization.
File Format
The file uses the following format for each grid in the model:
GRID
Id
Cp
X1
X2
X3
GRID
identifies this as a GRID card image.
Id
is the unique grid point identification number.
Cp
is blank.
Cd
Ps
where:
X1, X2, X3 provide the location of the grid point in the global coordinate
system.
Cd
is the identification number of the coordinate system in which the

displacements, degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution
vectors are defined at the grid point.
Ps
is the SPC associated with the grid.
Comments
1.

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.#.h3d file
The .#.h3d files are compressed binary files, containing model, analysis, and optimization
result data. They can be used to post-process results in HyperView or when using the
HyperView Player.
File Creation
The .#.h3d files are created when the OUTPUT, H3D, <frequency>, BYITER output option is
present and an optimization is performed.
File Contents
The .#.h3d files contain node and element definitions. In the case of shape optimization, the
model is updated to the shape of the respective iteration. The following results are included:
Result
Description
Acceleration
Acceleration results from frequency response, transient

response, and multi-body dynamics analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option ACCELERATION.
Composite ply strain
Ply strain results for composite materials from static

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN and by the
SOUTi field on the PCOMP definition.
Composite ply stress
Ply stress results for composite materials from static and

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS and by the
Composite failure indices
Failure indices for composite materials from static

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS, by the
SOUTi, SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition and by
the related fields on the relevant material definition (see
MAT1, MAT2, MAT8).
Density
Density results from topology optimizations.

Output is controlled by the I/O option DENSITY.
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Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from static, frequency response,

transient response, and multi-body dynamics analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option DISPLACEMENT.
Eigenvector
Eigenvector results from normal modes and linear buckling

analyses.
Element force
Element force results from static, frequency response,

acoustic, and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or
ELFORCE).
Element strain energy
Element strain energy results from static and normal

modes analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option ESE.
Grid point stress
Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option GPSTRESS (or
GSTRESS).
Shape
Shape results from topography or shape optimizations.

Output is controlled by the I/O option SHAPE.
Single-point force of
constraint
Single-point force of constraint results from static

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option SPCFORCE.
Strain
Strain results from static, frequency response, transient

response, and multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is
controlled by the I/O option STRAIN.
Stress
Stress results from static, frequency response, transient


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Result
Description
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS (or
ELSTRESS).
Thickness
Thickness results from size and topology optimizations.

Output is controlled by the I/O option THICKNESS.
Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response, transient

Output is controlled by the I/O option VELOCITY.
Comments
1.
2.
Grid point stresses are output for the entire model and for each individual component.
This allows grid point stresses to be accurately obtained at the interface of two
components referencing different material definitions.
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.#.mass file
The .#.mass file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when modal optimization is performed and OUTPUT,HGEFFMASS is
presented.
File Contents
This file contains the total effective mass fraction.
File Format
The file is formatted into blocks separated by blank lines. Each block represents a modal
subcase. The subcases are in order of occurrence in the input deck.
Each block contains six columns and a number of rows. The number of rows is equal to the
number of requested modes for this subcase. The columns, from left to right, contain the
total effective mass fraction for X-translation, Y-translation, Z-translation, X-rotation, Yrotation, and Z-rotation. The summary of each column is 100%.
Comments
1.
2.
This file is used by the _mass.#.mvw session file which automatically creates bar charts
for the results.

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.#.sens file
The .#.sens file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
I/O Option OUTPUT.
File Content
The file contains sensitivity information for all responses to size and shape design variables at
a given iteration (denoted by the # in the file name).
File Format
The sensitivities are listed in a single column and are grouped by response. A blank line
separates each response grouping.
Comments
1.
2.
The _sens.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates histogram plots for the
results contained in this file.
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.#.sh file
The .#.sh file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when an optimization is performed. Output of this file is controlled by the
I/O Option SHRES.
File Contents
Contains information necessary to restart the optimization from a given iteration.
Comments
1. The # in the file name is the iteration number.

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.#.slk file
The .slk file is a Microsoft Excel SYLK Format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created when size or shape optimization is performed. Output of this file is
controlled by the SENSITIVITY and SENSOUT I/O options.
File Contents
The file contains sensitivity information for size and shape design variables.
File Format
The only values that can be changed in this file are those listed in the "New" column. All
other values are either fixed or their calculation is fixed. When the .slk file is created, the
values in the "New" column match those in the "Reference" column. These values may be
adjusted, but should always remain within the design variable's bounds.
Each size and shape design variable in the model is listed in the left-hand column of the
sensitivity table. Information concerning a particular design variable is given in the row where
its label is listed. The current value and the upper and lower bounds of the design variables
are given in the columns, "Reference," "Lower," and "Upper" respectively.
Each referenced response in the model has its own column. These response columns are on
the right-hand side of the sensitivity table. The calculated sensitivity of a response to
changes in a design variable at the current iteration is given in the row corresponding to that
design variable and the column corresponding to that response.
Beneath the list of design variables, in the left-hand column, are the headings "Response lower
bound," "Response reference," and "Response upper bound". If a response is constrained, the
constraint value will be given in either the "Response lower bound" or the "Response upper
bound" row of the column corresponding to that response. The value given in the "Response
reference" row is the calculated value of the response using the design variable reference
values.
At the bottom of the left-hand column are the headings: "Response linear," "Response
reciprocal," and "Response conservative". The response values in these rows are the
predicted values of the responses for three different approximations. Initially, these values
will match one another and the "Response reference" value for each response. This is
because these are the predicted values of the response at the given variable settings, which
initially are the same settings used to calculate the "Response reference" value. Once the
design variable values in the "New" column are altered, these values will change.
The "Response linear" row predicts the response value using linear approximation. This is
calculated as:
where:
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R1
is the predicted response value.
R0
is the response reference value.

are the new values of the design variables.
are the reference values of the design variables.
are the sensitivities of the response to the design variables.
The "Response reciprocal" row predicts the response value using reciprocal approximation.
This is calculated as:
where:
R1
is the predicted response value.
R0
is the response reference value.

are the new values of the design variables.
are the reference values of the design variables.
are the sensitivities of the response to the design variables.
The "Response conservative" row predicts the response value using a combination of the
above approximations where linear approximation is used, when the sensitivity is positive, and
reciprocal approximation is used when the sensitivity is negative. Therefore, if all sensitivities
are positive, the conservative prediction will match the linear prediction. If all sensitivities are
negative, it will match the reciprocal prediction, but if there is a mixture of positive and
negative sensitivities for a given response then the conservative prediction will match neither
the linear nor the reciprocal prediction.
The normalized values simply show the predicted response as a fraction of the response
reference value.

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Comments
1.
The # in the file name refers to the iteration number.
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The .amls_singularity.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
This file is created when an AMLS run is performed and singular grid points are detected by
AMLS.
File Contents
This file contains a list of GRID point identification numbers which are found to be singular
during an AMLS run.
Format
*entitysetcreate("ÂMLS singular grids",nodes,#)
*createmark(nodes,#)
List of GRID Identification numbers
*entitysetupdate("ÂMLS singular grids",nodes,#)
Comments
1.
Verify that the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the command
file.

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.cntf file
The .cntf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the OPTI format is selected in the CONTF I/O Options Entry for
nonlinear quasi-static analysis (NLSTAT) runs.
File Contents
Result
Description
Contact Forces Contact force results from nonlinear quasi-static analysis (with
contact) runs. Output is controlled by the I/O option CONTF.
File Format
The .cntf file has the following format:
For each iteration, the following header is used:
iter
Iteration
Numel
iter
is a keyword identifying that the next field is the iteration number.
Iteration
is the Iteration number.
Numel
is the total number of nonlinear quasi-static subcases (with

contact) in the entire model.
where:
Within the iteration section, the following information is provided for each subcase:
SUBCASE: <Subcase ID> <Number of Contact Interfaces>
LOAD: <Load ID>
LABEL: <Label>
CONTACT INTERFACE: TOTAL FORCE ACTING ON MASTER SURFACE (BASIC SYSTEM)
CONTACT#
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FORCE-X
FORCE-Y
FORCE-Z
MAGNITUDE

where:
CONTACT#
is the Contact Interface identification number (CTID on the

CONTACT Bulk Data Entry).
FORCE-X
is the component of the total contact force along the X-axis

of the Basic System.
FORCE-Y
is the component of the total contact force along the Y-axis

FORCE-Z
is the component of the total contact force along the Z-axis

MAGNITUDE
is the magnitude of the total contact force acting on the

Master Surface

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.contgap.fem file
The .contgap.fem file is an ASCII format file. It is used to visualize the internally created
contact elements. The contact elements are presented as CGAPG elements.
File Creation
This file is created when CONTPRM,CONTGAP,YES is used.
File Contents
The file contains CGAPG elements, PGAP properties, and the auxiliary GRIDs for contact
visualization.
File Format
The formats of GRID, CGAPG, and PGAP are the same as for the bulk data entries.
Comments
1.
To visualize the configuration of the contact elements, load the original FEA model in
HyperMesh and import this file. Ensure that the FE overwrite option is turned on in the
import panel.
2.
During optimization, this file contains the contact elements at the latest iteration. To
visualize this configuration correctly for shape optimization, the shape of the FEA model
should be updated by applying shape change results.
3.
The parameter GAPPRM,GPCOINC is automatically included in this file.
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.cstr file
The .cstr file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the OPTI, OS or BOTH formats are chosen. (See documentation for
the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Composite stress or strain
Composite stress and strain results from linear static.

Output is controlled by the I/O options CSTRESS or
CSTRAIN. On PCOMP, SOUT=YES needs to be selected.
File Format
The composite stress file format is self-explanatory. It gives the stress, strain and composite
failure for each element and its plies.
Comments
1.
The I/O option RESULTS controls the frequency of output for analytical results during an
optimization.

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.dens file
The .dens file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the OPTI, OS or BOTH formats are chosen and a topology
optimization is performed. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Density

I/O option DENSRES.
File Format
The density file has the following format:
iter
Iteration
Numel
iter
is a keyword identifying that the next field is the iteration number.
Iteration
Numel
is the total number of elements in entire model.
where:
Within the iteration section, the following information is provided for each element:
EID
Mat_dens
EID
is the element identification number.
where:
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Mat_dens
is the element material density. Non-design elements are

assigned a material density of 1.0.

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.desvar file
The .desvar file is an ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT,DESVAR is requested in size or shape optimization.
File Contents
This file contains the updated design variables at last iteration.
File Format
The format for design variable output is the same as for the bulk data entries.
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.dis.# file
The .dis.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and shape or topography design
variables are present. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Shape
Shape results from topography or shape optimizations. Output is controlled

by the I/O option DENSRES.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O option DENSRES requests
topography or shape results to be output.
2.

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.disp file
The .disp file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration
Acceleration results from frequency response analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O option ACCELERATION.
Displacement
Displacement results from linear static, inertia relief, and frequency

response analyses. Output is controlled by the I/O option
DISPLACEMENT.
Eigenvector
Eigenvector results from normal modes and linear buckling analyses.

Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
The displacement file has the following format:
iter
Iteration
Numids
iter
is a keyword identifying that the next field is the iteration

number.
Iteration
is the iteration number.
Numids
is the number of linear static subcases plus the number of

calculated normal and buckling modes.
where:
Altair Engineering

Within the iteration section, the following header is used for each linear static subcase,
normal or linear buckling mode, or direct modal frequency response:
LCID
Numnod
Freq
Result: SPCcase (Datatype)
LCID
is the output ID for the subcase or mode. This is not

necessarily the same as the subcase ID defined in the input
data.
Numnod
is the number of grids in the model.
Freq
is the frequency or Buckling eigenvalue (1.0 for static

subcases).
Result
is a keyword declaring the result type given.
where:
DISP indicates displacement result.

VELO indicates a velocity result (for frequency response
analysis only).
ACCE indicates an acceleration result (for frequency response
analysis only).
SPCcase
is the SPC set identification number for linear static, inertia

relief, or frequency response subcases or 1 for eigenvectors.
Datatype
is a keyword indicating the type of subcase involved.

(LOAD) declares data is from a static subcase.
(EIGV) declares data is from a normal modes subcase.
(BKLV) declares data is from a linear buckling subcase.
(DFRQ) declares data is from a direct frequency response
subcase.
(MFRQ) declares data is from a modal frequency response
subcase.

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Within the subcase or mode section, the following information is provided for each
node:
NID
X disp
Y disp
Z disp
NID
is the node identification number.
is the X displacement of the node.
is the Y displacement of the node.
is the Z displacement of the node.
where:
Comments
1.
optimization.
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.dvgrid file
The .dvgrid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created when an analysis is performed. Creation of this file is controlled by
the I/O Option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The file contains shape variable definitions for the displacements or eigenvectors resulting
from linear static, inertia relief, or normal modes analyses.
File Format
DESVAR and DVGRID definitions are provided for each linear static subcase and for each
calculated normal mode.
Output for linear static subcases begins with a header in the following format:
$
$ DESVAR and DVGRIDs for static load case
$
subcase_id
where:
subcase_id
is the user-defined subcase identification number.
Output for calculated normal modes begins with a header in the following format:
$
$ DESVAR and DVGRIDs for eigenvalue load case subcase_id, Mode Number
mode_number
$
where:
subcase_id
is the user-defined subcase identification number.
mode_number is the mode number.

The DESVAR and DVGRID definitions are formatted as per the bulk data descriptions.

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.echo file
The .echo file is an OptiStruct input file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the I/O option ECHO = PUNCH.
File Contents
The file represents a copy of the input deck in a form suitable to use for another solution
which, when used with the same subcase information and I/O options entries, should generate
identical results (round off error may be noticeable if the original input deck uses large field
format).
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.els.# file
The .els.# file is a Patran 2.5 ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the APATRAN format is chosen and topology design variables are
present. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Density

I/O option DENSRES.
Comments
1.
One such file is created for each iteration where the I/O option DENSRES requests
topology results to be output.
2.

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.force file
The .force file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the FORCE (ELFORCE) I/O option.
File Contents
Result
Description
Force
Force results from linear static analysis for ELAS (CELAS1, CELAS2,
CELAS3, CELAS4), ROD (CROD), BAR (CBAR, CBEAM), BUSH (CBUSH),
PLATE (CQUAD, CTRIA), and GAP (CGAP) elements.
File Format
The file is divided up by iteration. Output from each iteration starts with a line in the following
format:
ITER
Iteration_number
Number_of_subcases
where:
ITER
is a keyword denoting the beginning of a new iteration.
Iteration_number
Number_of_subcases is the number of subcases for which this output is created.
Each iteration section is divided up by subcase. Output for each subcase starts with a line in
the following format:
Id
Number_of_elements
subcase_label
Frequency
LOAD:Spc_id(Datatype)
where:
ID
is the output identification number for the subcase.

This is not the same as the subcase ID used in the input data.
Number_of_elem is the number of elements for which this output is requested.

ents
Frequency
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is 1.0 for static analysis.

LOAD
is a keyword declaring applied load information.
Spc_id
is the SID for SPC's referenced by this subcase.
(Datatype)

(LOAD) declares data is for a linear static subcase.
Each subcase section is divided up by element-type. Output for each element-type section
starts with one of the following formats (depending on the elements present in the model):
ELAS #
FORC E
ROD#
FORC E-A FORC E-B
BUSH#
F-X
F-Y
F-Z
BAR#
END
AXIAL
SHEAR-1 SHEAR-2 TORQUE BENDING BENDING

-1
-2
PLATE#
MEMB-X MEMB-Y
GAP#
C OMP-X SHEAR-Y SHEAR-Z
M-X
MEMB-XY BEND-X
M-Y
BEND-Y
M-Z
TWISTXY
SHEARXZ
SHEARYZ
Element force output is then listed under these headings, depending on the type of elements
for which this output was selected. The format of the element output matches the
corresponding header, that is for ROD elements you would get FORCE-A and FORCE-B;
whereas, for PLATE elements you would get MEMB-X, MEMB-Y, MEMB-XY, BEND-X, BEND-Y,
TWIST-XY, SHEAR-XZ, SHEAR-YZ.
The format is:
Eid
value1
value2
value3
where:
Eid
value#
is the Force result corresponding to the column header.
Comments
1.
optimization.

Altair Engineering
.fsthick file
The .fsthick file is an OptiStruct ASCII format file.
File Creation
This file is created when free size optimization is performed and OUTPUT, FSTHICK, YES is
present in the I/O Options section.
File Contents
Result
Description
Element definition
The element definitions for those elements that were part of a free
size design space. The optimized thickness of these elements are
provided as nodal thickness values (Ti).
File Format
The format for the .fsthick file is the same as for the corresponding bulk data entries.
Altair Engineering

.gpf file
The .gpf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the GPFORCE I/O option.
File Contents
Result
Description
Grid point force

balance table
Grid point force balance table for linear static analysis.
File Format
format:
ITERATION
Iteration_number
ITERATION
Iteration_number
where:
Each iteration section contains a force balance table for each node, for which this output
format was selected, in each linear static subcase.
These tables are given the following header:
Grid point forces for
node
Node_id
Subcase ID =
Subcase_id
where:
Node_id
is the ID of the node to which the force balance table applies.
Subcase_id
is the user-defined subcase ID to which the force balance

table applies.

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And the force information is provided, for each contributing element, constraint or load, in
the following format:
Force_type Element_id x-force
y-force
z-force
xmoment
y-moment
z-moment
where:
Force_type
is one of:
SPC
Force contribution of single-point constraints.
Appl.
Force contribution of Applied loads.
F-MPC
Force contribution of rigid elements or multi-point

constraints.
Elem
Force contribution of elastic elements.
Total
The sum of all the force contributions.
Element_id
is only valid for force contributions from elastic elements. This is

the element's ID.
x-force
is the x-translational component of the force.
y-force
is the y-translational component of the force.
z-force
is the z-translational component of the force.
x-moment
is the x-rotational component of the force.
y-moment
is the y-rotational component of the force.
z-moment
is the z-rotational component of the force.
Comments
1.
optimization.
Altair Engineering

.grid file
The .grid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when topography or shape optimization is performed. Output of this file is
controlled by the I/O Option SHRES or by the GRID keyword on the OUTPUT card.
File Contents
Result
Description
Nodal locations
The nodal coordinates of the model for the last iteration of the
optimization.
File Format
GRID
Id
Cp
X1
X2
X3
Cd
Ps
where:
GRID
Id
Cp

location of the grid point is defined.
system.
Cd

displacements, degrees-of-freedom, constraints and solution
Ps

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.h3d file
The .h3d file is a compressed binary file, containing both model and result data. It can be
used to post-process results in HyperView or when using the HyperView Player.
File Creation
The .h3d file is created when the H3D format is chosen (see I/O options FORMAT and
OUTPUT), and an analysis only run is performed (meaning no design variables or design spaces
are defined in the model); the I/O option ANALYSIS is present; or the command line switch analysis is used (see Run Options for OptiStruct).
File Contents
The .h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result
Description
Acceleration
Acceleration results from frequency response, acoustic,


analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN and by
the SOUTi field on the PCOMP definition.
Ply stress results for composite materials from static

and analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS and by
the SOUTi field on the PCOMP definition.
Failure indices for composite materials from static

analyses.
SOUTi, SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition and by
the related fields on the relevant material definition
(see MAT1, MAT2, MAT8).
Density

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Result
Description
Displacement

acoustic, transient response, and multi-body dynamics
analyses.
Eigenvector
Eigenvector results from normal modes and linear

buckling analyses.
Element energy loss per cycle Element energy loss per cycle and energy loss per cycle
density output from frequency response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option EDE.
Element force
Element force results from static, frequency response,

acoustic, and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or
ELFORCE).
Element kinetic energy
Element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density

output from frequency response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option EKE.
Element strain energy and strain energy density results

from static, normal modes and frequency response
analyses.
Grid point stress
Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static and

normal modes analyses.
GSTRESS).
Power flow field
Power flow field output from frequency response and

acoustic analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option POWERFLOW.

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Result
Description
Shape

SPC force
Single-point force of constraint results from static,

frequency response, acoustic, and transient response
analyses.
Strain
Strain results from static, frequency response,

analyses. Output is controlled by the I/O option
STRAIN.
Stress
Stress results from static, frequency response,

analyses.
ELSTRESS).
Thickness

Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response, acoustic,

Comments
1.
2.
For dynamic analyses like frequency response, transient response, and multi-body
dynamics, it is recommended that sets be used to reduce the amount of model and
results output data. The output file can become very large since results are output for
each frequency or time step.
Altair Engineering

.hgdata file
The .hgdata file is a HyperGraph ASCII results file.
File Creation
I/O Option DESHIS.
File Contents
This file may contain the iteration history of the objective function, constraint functions,
design variables, and response functions. Contents of this file are controlled by the I/O
option HISOUT.

Altair Engineering
.hist file
The .hist file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
I/O Option DESHIS.
File Contents
This file contains the iteration history of the objective function, maximum constrain violation,
design variables, DRESP1 type responses, and DRESP2 type responses. Contents of this file
are controlled by the I/O option HISOUT.
File Format
The section outlines the format of the .hist OptiStruct ASCII file.
The file uses the following format:

iteration Objective
Max_Const_Violation
Design_variables
DRESP1s
DESP2s
where:
iteration
Objective
is the value of the objective function.
Max_Const_Violation is the Maximum constraint violation in %.

Design_variables
is the value of the design variables. Each design variable

is given its own column.
DRESP1s
is the value of the DRESP1s. Each DRESP1 type response

DESP2s
is the value of the DRESP2s. Each DRESP2 type response

Comments
1.
The value of each design variable, DRESP1 response and DRESP2 response, is provided in
its own column.
Altair Engineering

.HM.comp.cmf file
The .HM.comp.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The .HM.comp.cmf file is created when a topology optimization is performed (see Topology
Optimization in the OptiStruct User's Guide).
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.comp.cmf file organizes all elements in the model into
ten new components based on their material densities at the final iteration. The components
are named 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and so on, up to 0.9-1.0. All elements with a material
density between 0% and 10% are contained in 0.0-0.1. All elements with a material density
between 10% and 20% are contained in 0.1-0.2, and so on. This helps you visualize results
by turning components on and off.
Comments
1.
Ensure the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the command file.
2.
Since elements cannot be in more than one component in HyperMesh, the original
components do not contain any elements.

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.HM.conn.cmf file
The .HM.conn.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The .HM.conn.cmf file is created when a topology optimization is performed and 1D elements
form part of the topological design space (see Topology Optimization in the OptiStruct Users
Guide).
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.conn.cmf file creates connector definitions for those
1D elements which formed part of the topological design space and organizes these
connectors into ten new components based on their material densities at the final iteration.
The components are named 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and so on, up to 0.9-1.0. The
connector corresponding to those elements with a material density between 0% and 10% are
contained in the 0.0-0.1 component. The connectors corresponding to those elements with a
material density between 10% and 20% are contained in the 0.1-0.2 component, and so on.
This helps you to visualize results by turning components on and off.
Comments
1.
Make sure that the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the
command file.
2.
Connectors are geometric entities in HyperMesh.
Altair Engineering

The .HM.elcheck.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The file is created when an element quality check is performed.
File Contents
This file contains results from the following tests:
1.
Element quality tests using ELEMQUAL entry and PARAM, CHECKEL.
2.
Incorrectly formed CFAST and CWELD elements.
3.
CBUSH or CELAS elements with excessive stiffness values (PARAM, BUSHSTIF and PARAM,
ELASSTIF).
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.elcheck.cmf file organizes all elements into separate
sets depending on which quality check they fail. One set is created for each failed quality
check. This helps you to visualize results by finding (displaying) elements by set.
Comments
1.

Altair Engineering
The .HM.elcheck_###.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The file is created, as required, when an element quality check is performed for optimization
iterations.
File Contents
This file contains results from the following tests:
1.
Element quality tests using ELEMQUAL entry and PARAM, CHECKEL.
2.
Incorrectly formed CFAST and CWELD elements.
3.
CBUSH or CELAS elements with excessive stiffness values (PARAM, BUSHSTIF and PARAM,
ELASSTIF).
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.elcheck_###.cmf file organizes all elements into
separate sets depending on which quality check they fail. One set is created for each failed
quality check. This helps you to visualize results by finding (displaying) elements by set.
Comments
1.
2.
The ### in the file name represents the optimization iteration number.
Altair Engineering

.HM.ent.cmf file
The .HM.ent.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
The .HM.ent.cmf file is created when a topology optimization is performed (see Topology
Optimization in the OptiStruct User's Guide).
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.ent.cmf file organizes all elements in the model into
ten new entity sets based on their material densities at the final iteration. The sets are
named 0.0-0.1, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-0.3, and so on, up to 0.9-1.0. All elements with a material
density between 0% and 10% are contained in 0.0-0.1. All elements with a material density
between 10% and 20% are contained in 0.1-0.2, and so on. You can then visualize the
results by masking the entity sets which contain those elements with lower density.
Comments
1.
2.
The advantage of this method over the .HM.comp.cmf method is that the elements
remain in their original components, but can still be selected and masked by entity set.

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The .HM.gapstat.cmf file is a HyperMesh command file.
File Creation
This file is created when a nonlinear gap analysis is performed and GAPPRM, HMGAPST is set
as YES or 1.
File Contents
When executed in HyperMesh, the .HM.gapstat.cmf file organizes gap elements into two
sets, open or closed, depending on the status of the gap at the end of the analysis.
Comments
1.
Be sure that the corresponding model is loaded in HyperMesh when executing the
command file.
Altair Engineering

.html file
The .html file is a HyperText Markup Language file.
File Creation
This file is always output.
File Contents
This file contains a problem summary and results summary of the run.
The problem summary contains information on the finite element model, subcase definitions,
and optimization parameters.
The results summary lists the following results for an analysis or the final iteration of an
optimization:
For linear static subcases:
The maximum displacement and the node where this occurs
The maximum strain energy density and the element where this occurs
The maximum stress and strain for 1D, 2D, and 3D elements and the elements where
these occur
For normal modes subcases:
The frequencies of the calculated modes
The maximum deformation and the node where this occurs
The maximum strain energy density and the element where this occurs
For linear buckling subcases:
The buckling factor for the calculated modes
The maximum deformation and the node where this occurs

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.interface file
The .interface file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is always created when acoustic analysis is performed.
File Contents
This acoustic coupling interface matrix visualization file contains element definitions.
Comments
1.
This file is used to verify the fluid/structure coupling matrix.
2.
Import this file into HyperMesh with the acoustic model already loaded. For best
performance, ensure that the FE overwrite option is turned on in the HyperMesh import
panel.
Altair Engineering

.k.op2 file
The .k.op2 file is a Nastran output2 format file containing the stiffness matrix.
File Creation
This file is created when PARAM, POST, -5 is present in the bulk data section.
File Contents
This file contains the stiffness matrix.

Altair Engineering
.load file
The .load file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the OLOAD I/O option.
File Contents
Result
Description
Applied Load
Applied load vectors for linear static analysis.
File Format
The applied load file has the following format:
iter
Iteration
NumIds
iter
Iteration
Numids
is the number of subcases for which this output is created.
where:
Each iteration section is divided up by subcase. Output for each subcase starts with a line
in the following format:
Id
Number_of_node
s
Frequency
LOAD:Spc_id(Datatype)
subcase_label
where:
Id
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is the output identification number for the subcase. This is

not the same as the subcase ID used in the input data.

Number_of_nodes is the number of nodes for which this output is requested.

Frequency
LOAD
is a keyword declaring applied load information.
Spc_id
Datatype

The following information is then provided for each node, for which this output was
requested:
NID
X force
Y force
Z force
NID
X force
is the X force at the node.
Y force
is the Y force at the node.
Z force
is the Z force at the node.
X mom
is the X moment at the node.
Y mom
is the Y moment at the node.
Z mom
is the Z moment at the node.
X mom
Y mom
Z mom
where:
Comments
1.
Optimization.

Altair Engineering
.m.op2 file
The .m.op2 file is a Nastran output2 format file containing the mass matrix.
File Creation
This file is created when PARAM, POST, -5 is present in the bulk data section.
File Contents
This file contains the mass matrix.
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.mass file
The .mass file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created when modal analyses are performed. Creation of this file is controlled
by the I/O Option OUTPUT.
File Contents
Result
Description
Modal Effective Masses
Modal effective mass results from modal analyses.

Output is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT,HGEFFMASS.
File Format
The file is formatted into blocks separated by blank lines. Each block represents a modal
subcase; the subcases are in order of occurrence in the input deck.
Each block contains a number of rows equal to the number of requested modes for that
subcase.
The columns, from left to right, contain results for modal effective mass for X-translation, Ytranslation, Z-translation, X-rotation, Y-rotation, and Z-rotation.
Comments
1.
The _mass.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

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.mnf file
The .mnf file is ADAMS modal neutral file.
File Creatio n
This file is created when OUTPUT, ADAMSMNF is presented during flexible body generation.
File Contents
This file contains the flexible body models.
Comments
1.
If GPSTRESS output is requested in addition to OUTPUT, ADAMSMNF, nodal stress results

for solid elements will be written to this file.
Altair Engineering

.mpcf file
The .mpcf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the MPCFORCES I/O option.
File Contents
Result
Description
Multi-point force of
constraint
Multi-point force of constraints for linear static analysis.
File Format
format:
ITERATION
Iteration_number
ITERATION
Iteration_number
where:
Each iteration section contains the multi-point force of constraint for each node, for which
this output format was selected, in each linear static subcase. Each subcase section is
given the following header:
MPC forces for
Subcase
Subcase_id
where:
Subcase_id
is the user-defined subcase ID to which the mpc forces apply.
MPC force information is then provided, for each node, in the following format:

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Node_id
x-force
y-force
z-force
x-moment
y-moment
z-moment
where:
Node_id
x-force
is the x-translational component of the force at the node.
y-force
is the y-translational component of the force at the node.
z-force
is the z-translational component of the force at the node.
x-moment
is the x-rotational component of the force at the node.
y-moment
is the y-rotational component of the force at the node.
z-moment
is the z-rotational component of the force at the node.
Comments
1.
Optimization.
Altair Engineering

.op2 file
The .op2 file is a Nastran output2 format for model and results data.
File Creation
This file is created when the O2, OUT2, or OUTPUT2 formats are chosen. (See documentation
for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration

Ply strain results for composite materials from static analyses.

Output is controlled by the I/O option CSTRAIN and by the
Ply stress results for composite materials from static analyses.

Output is controlled by the I/O option CSTRESS and by the
Composite failure
indices
Failure indices for composite materials from static analyses.

Output is controlled by the I/O option CSTRESS, by the SOUTi,
SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition, and by the related
fields on the relevant material definition (see MAT1, MAT2,
MAT8).
Density

Note: Density results are reported as element strain energy.
Displacement
Displacement results from static, frequency response, acoustic,


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Result
Description
Eigenvector

analyses.
Element energy
loss per cycle
Element energy loss per cycle and energy loss per cycle density
Element force
Element force results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or ELFORCE).
Element kinetic
energy
Element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density output from

Element strain
energy
Element strain energy and strain energy density results from

static, normal modes, frequency response, and transient
response analyses.
Grid point stress
Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static analyses.

Output is controlled by the I/O option GPSTRESS (or GSTRESS).
MPC force
Multi-point force of constraint results from static, frequency

response, acoustic, and transient response analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option MPCFORCE.
PSD element strain
Power spectral density function of element strains from random

response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN.
PSD element stress
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Power spectral density function of element stresses from

random response analysis.

Result
Description
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS.
RMS element strain
Root mean square value of element strains from random

response analysis.
RMS element stress
Root mean square value of element stresses from random

response analysis.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS.
SPC force
Single-point force of constraint results from static, frequency

Strain
Strain results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Stress
Stress results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response, acoustic, transient

Comments
1.
optimization.
2.
In addition to the analysis and optimization results, the finite element model description
(nodes, elements, coordinates systems, and properties) is written to the .op2 file. This
model can be read by HyperView and fatigue codes. To turn off the model output, use
the NOMODEL option on OUTPUT, OP2.
3.
To be able to read the model directly from the .op2 file, newer versions of FEMFAT,
Medina (7.4.8 or newer), and Animator (3.0.6.6c or newer) must be used.

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4.
For dynamic analyses like frequency response, transient response, and multi-body
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.oss file
The .oss file is an OSSmooth parameter file.
File Creation
This file is created when a topology, topography, or shape optimization is performed.
File Contents
The file contains default settings for running OSSmooth after a successful optimization.
Comments
1.
The format of this file is described on the OSSmooth Input Data page.

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.out file
The .out file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is always created.
File Contents
This file provides a commentary on the solution process.
File Format
The file starts with an OptiStruct banner, and is followed by three sections which outline the
problem definition:
Optimization File and Parameter Information
Finite Element Model Data Information
Optimization Problem Parameters
Following these, calculated estimates on required memory and disk space are provided under
the headings:
Memory Estimation Information
Disk Space Estimation Information
The Analysis Results or Optimization History information sections provide the following
information (Some information is output for each iteration during optimization, or as a summary
for nonlinear analysis):
Element quality information (If any of the warning or error limits are exceeded).
Global force balance tables for each linear static subcase. (When SPCFORCE or
GPFORCE is a requested output).
Objective function value
Maximum constrain violation % and the ID of this constraint.
Design volume fraction value if topology design variables are present, otherwise the
total volume is given, and the total mass.
Individual subcase compliances and weightings and the total weighted compliance.
Retained responses table
If the constraint violation is higher than 1%, the constraint is flagged as V (violated). If the
violation is lower than 1%, it is flagged as A (active). For stress constraint in topology
optimization, if there is no violation, it is flagged as Inactive; otherwise, it is flagged as
Active.
User-requested responses table (when RESPRINT or DREPORT is a requested output).
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Most violated constraints table.

Design variable values and bounds if shape or size design variables are present.
Designed property/material/connectivity items table if size design variables are present.
A list of calculated buckling modes and their eigenvalues.
A list of calculated normal modes, their frequencies, eigenvalues and weighting and the
value of the frequencies weighted across the reciprocal eigenvalues.
Center of Gravity table
Moment of Inertia table
Regional compliance table
Manufacturing Constraints table for Composite Optimization

An example table is shown below:
COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING CONSTRAINTS
---------------------------------------------------------------------------User-ID
Constraint Information
Status
Max Avg
Pct
Type
Bound Group Elem
Viol. Viol. Viol.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------1 PLYPCT
LOWER
0.0 ALL
Violated
12.1
2.6
2.5
1 PLYPCT
LOWER
90.0 ALL
Violated
3.0
1.6
0.2
1 PLYPCT
UPPER
90.0 ALL
Violated
31.8
5.3 14.6
---------------------------------------------------------------------------Where,
Max Viol. Represents the maximum violation of the specified manufacturing constraint
(Type).
Avg Viol. Represents the average violation of all the violated elements for the
specified manufacturing constraint (Type).
Pct Viol. Represents the percentage of the total number of elements in the design
space for which the specified manufacturing constraint (Type) is violated.
The Constraint Information columns are self-explanatory and may vary from one
constraint type to the other.
Nonlinear Iteration Summary table for Nonlinear Analysis

An example table is shown below:

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Where,
Avg. U Represents the average displacement of all elements for a particular iteration
for a subcase
EUI Represents the relative error in displacements
EPI Represents the error in terms of loads
EWI Represents the error in terms of work
Refer to the Nonlinear Convergence Criteria section of Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
in the Users Guide for more information.
Maximum Plststrn Represents the Maximum Plastic Strain
The Gap and Contact Element Status columns are self-explanatory.
At the end of the file, the following information is provided:
Resource usage information
Compute time information
Altair Engineering

.pch file
The .pch file is a Nastran punch format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when the NASTRAN or PUNCH formats are chosen. (See documentation for
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration

Density

Output is controlled by the I/O option DENSRES.
Note: Density results are reported as von Mises Strains.
Displacement
Displacement results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Eigenvector
Eigenvector results from normal modes analyses.

Element energy
loss per cycle
Element energy loss per cycle and energy loss per cycle density
Element force
Element force results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Output is controlled by the I/O option FORCE (or ELFORCE).
Element kinetic
energy
Element kinetic energy and kinetic energy density output from


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Result
Description
Element strain
energy
Element strain energy and strain energy density results from

static, normal modes and frequency response analyses.
Grid point stress
Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static analysis.

Output is controlled by the I/O option GPSTRESS (or GSTRESS).
MPC force
Multi-point force of constraint results from static, frequency

Output is controlled by the I/O option MPCFORCE.
PSD acceleration
Power spectral density function of accelerations from random

response analysis. (see comment 2)
Output is controlled by the I/O options XYPEAK, XYPLOT, and
XYPUNCH.
PSD displacement
Power spectral density function of displacements from random

XYPUNCH.
PSD velocity
Power spectral density function of velocities from random

XYPUNCH.
PSD element strain
Power spectral density function of element strains from random

XYPUNCH.
PSD element stress
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Power spectral density function of element stresses from

random response analysis. (see comment 2)

Result
Description
XYPUNCH.
RMS element strain
Root mean square value of element strains from random

response analysis.
XYPUNCH.
RMS element stress
Root mean square value of element stresses from random

response analysis.
XYPUNCH.
SPC force
Single-point force of constraint results from linear static

analysis.
Strain
Strain results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Stress
Stress results from static, frequency response, acoustic,

Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response analyses, acoustic,

transient response, and multi-body dynamics.
Comments
1.
optimization.
2.
Multiple RANDOM subcase information entries with non-unique IDs are allowed in a single
model. Therefore, if the plot-type field on the XYPUNCH output request is set to PSDF,
then the RANDOM ID will be added to the XYPUNCH headers in the corresponding result
sections of the .pch file when multiple RANDOM entries are present in the same deck. If
only one RANDOM entry is present, the RANDOM ID is not printed.

Altair Engineering
Altair Engineering

.pcomp file
The .pcomp file is an ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT,PCOMP is requested in composite sizing optimization.
File Contents
This file contains elements and PCOMPG property information for each STACK.

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.peak file
The .peak file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when XYPLOT, XYPEAK, or XYPUNCH is requested in random response
analysis.
File Contents
This file contains the root mean square value, the number of positive crossings, and the peak
power spectral density and responses.
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.pret file
The .pret file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the PRETBOLT I/O Options Entry.
File Contents
Result
Description
Pretension force/
adjustment
Pretension force/adjustment values for pretension bolts in

pretensioning and pretensioned subcases.
File Format
The file is sorted by iteration. Output from each iteration starts in the following format:
PRETENSION FORCE/ADJUSTMENT VALUES ON THE PRENTESION SECTIONS
ITERATION
Iteration_number
Where:
ITERATION is a keyword denoting the beginning of a new iteration.
Iteration_number is the iteration number.
Each iteration section contains the force/adjustment values for each pretension bolt in
each static subcase. Each such subcase section is given the following header:
Subcase
Subcase_id
Subcase_label
Where:
Subcase is a keyword denoting the beginning of the current subcase section.
Subcase_id is the user-defined subcase ID
Subcase_label is the user-defined subcase label

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Pretension force/adjustment information is then provided, for each bolt, in the following
format:
Pretension
section ID
(PRETENS #)
Force-incr
Adjust-incr
Force-tot
Adjusttot
Where:
Pretension section ID denotes the pretension section ID (SID of the PRETENS bulk data
entry).
Force-incr is the incremental pretension force value when compared to the previous
subcase in the loading sequence.
Adjust-incr is the incremental pretension adjustment value when compared to the
previous subcase in the loading sequence.
Force-tot is the total pretension force value.
Adjust-tot is the total pretension adjustment value.
Comments
1. The I/O option RESULTS controls the frequency of output for analytical results during an
optimization.
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.prop file
The .prop file is an OptiStruct ASCII format result file.
File Creation
This file is output when sizing optimization is performed. Creation of this file is controlled by
the PROPERTY I/O option.
File Contents
Result
Description
Property definition
The property definitions, for those properties that were affected

in the sizing optimization, used for the final iteration of the
optimization.
File Format
The format for the property output is the same as for the bulk data entries.

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.rand file
The .rand file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for random response subcases. This file is only created if XYPLOT is
defined in random response.
File Contents
Result
Description
Random response results
Results from random response analyses.
Comments
1.
The # in the file name is the user-defined subcase ID from which these results are
obtained.
2.
The _rand.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.
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.res file
The .res file is a HyperMesh binary results file.
File Creation
The .res file is created when either no format statement is given or when the HM, HYPER, or
BOTH formats are chosen. (See documentation for the I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration
Acceleration results from frequency response, transient


analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRAIN and by the
Ply stress results for composite materials from static

analyses.
Output is controlled by the I/O option STRESS and by the
Failure indices for composite materials from static analyses.

SOUTi, SB and FT fields on the PCOMP definition, and by the
related fields on the relevant material definition (see MAT1,
MAT2, MAT8).
Density

Displacement


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Result
Description
Eigenvector

analyses.
Element strain energy results from static and normal modes

analyses.
Grid point stress
Grid point stress results for 3D elements from static

analyses.
GSTRESS).
Shape

constraint
Single-point force of constraint results from static analyses.

Strain
Strain results from static, frequency response, transient

Stress
Stress results from static, frequency response, transient

ELSTRESS).
Thickness

Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response analyses, transient

response, and multi-body dynamics.
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Comments
1.
If an optimization is terminated abruptly due to an error such as a full disk or power

failure, the HyperMesh binary results file (*.res) may become corrupted. In this event,
run the program "recover," included with OptiStruct, to clean up the results file.
2.
optimization.
3.
4.
For dynamic analyses, like frequency response, transient response, and multi-body

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.seplot file
The .seplot file is an ASCII format output file.
File Creation
This file is created when the MODEL, PLOT, and PARAM, SEPLOT, YES options are presented
and the CBN method is used to reach a Component Mode Synthesis solution.
File Contents
This file contains grid and plot element definitions.
Comments
1.
By including this file in a residual run, the results of the superelement part will be
recovered and post-processed.
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.sh file
The .sh file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when an optimization is performed. Output of this file is controlled by the
I/O option SHRES.
File Contents
Contains information necessary to restart the optimization from the final iteration.

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.spcd file
The .spcd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created in a residual run when DMIG's are present in the model. The .spcd file
contains displacement results at interface grid points.
File Contents
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from a residual run. Output is controlled by

the I/O option DISPLACEMENT.
File Format
The .spcd file has the following format:
SUBCASE
SID
SID
is the identification number of the corresponding subcase.
where:
Under each applicable subcase header, we have the following columns:

SPC
####SID GRID ID
Component
Displacement
SID
is the identification number of the corresponding subcase.
GRID ID
is the identification number of the interface grid at which

the displacement results are output.
Component
is the component in which the displacement result output.
where:
Displacement is the displacement result for a give grid in the

corresponding component.
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Comments
1.
Only one .spcd file is created even if there are multiple DMIGs in the model.

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.spcf file
The .spcf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
Creation of this file is controlled by the SPCFORCES I/O option.
File Contents
Result
Description
constraint
Single-point force of constraints for linear static

analysis.
File Format
The SPC reaction force file has the following format:
iter
Iteration
Numlds
iter
Iteration
Numlds
is the number of subcases for which this output is created.
where:
Id
Number_of_nodes
Frequency
SPCF:Spc_id(Datatype)
subcase_label
where:
Id
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Number_of_nodes
is the number of nodes for which this output is requested.
Frequency
SPCF
is a keyword declaring SPC-force information.
Spc_id
Datatype

SPC-force information is then provided, for each node, in the following format:
Node_id
x-force
y-force
z-force
x-moment
y-moment z-moment
where:
Node_id
x-force
is the x-translational component of the force at the node.
y-force
is the y-translational component of the force at the node.
z-force
is the z-translational component of the force at the node.
x-moment
is the x-rotational component of the force at the node.
y-moment
is the y-rotational component of the force at the node.
z-moment
is the z-rotational component of the force at the node.
Comments
1.
Optimization.

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.stat file
The .stat file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is always created.
File Contents
This file provides details on CPU and elapsed time for each solver module.
File Format
Information on CPU and elapsed time is provided in the following format:
TOTAL TIME SPENT IN MODULE: module_name; CPU= cpu_time; WALL= wall_time
where:
module_name is the name of the module.

cpu_time
is the amount of CPU time spent in this module.
wall_time
is the total elapsed time spent in this module.
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.strn file
The .strn file is an ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when OPTI, OS, or ASCII formats are chosen. (See documentation for the
I/O options FORMAT and OUTPUT).
File Contents
Result
Description
Strain
Strain results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled by the I/O
option STRAIN.
File Format
The strain file has the following format:
iter
Iteration
Numlds
iter
Iteration
Numlds
is the number of load cases for which this output is created.
where:
Id
Number_of_els
STRN:Spc_id
where:
Id


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Number_of_els
is the number of elements for which this output is requested.
STRN
is a fixed keyword.
Spc_id
Datatype

Strain information is then provided, for each element, in the following format:
EID
Strain1
Strain2
Strain3
Strain4
Strain5
Strain6
Strain7
where:
EID
Strain1
is von Mises strain for 2D and 3D elements, or Axial strain for 1D

elements.
Strain2
is Normal X-strain at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal X-strain for 3D

elements, or Axial strain for 1D elements.
Strain3
is Normal X-strain at Z2 for 2D elements, Normal Y-strain for 3D

Strain4
is Normal Y-strain at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal Z-strain for 3D

Strain5
is Normal Y-strain at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XY-strain for 3D

Strain6
is Shear XY-strain at Z1 for 2D elements, Shear YZ-strain for 3D

Strain7
is Shear XY-strain at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XZ-strain for 3D

Comments
1.
optimization.
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.strs file
The .strs file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result
Description
Stress
option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
File Format
The stress file has the following format:
iter
Iteration
Numlds
iter
Iteration
Numlds
is the number of load cases for which this output is created.
where:
Id
Number_of_els
STRS:Spc_id(Datatype)
where:
Id
is the output identification number for the subcase. This is not

the same as the subcase ID used in the input data.

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Number_of_els
is the number of elements for which this output is requested.
STRS
is a fixed keyword.
Spc_id
Datatype

Stress information is then provided, for each element, in the following format:
EID
Stress1
S Stress3
t
r
e
s
s
2
S Stress5
t
r
e
s
s
4
Stress6
Stress7
Stress8
Stress9
where:
EID
Stress1
von Mises stress for 2D and 3D elements, Maximum Axial stress for 1D
elements, or maximum stress in CWELD elements.
Stress2
Normal X-stress at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal X-stress for 3D

elements, or Axial stress for 1D elements.
For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at C at end A. Axial Stress for CWELD
elements.
Stress3
Normal X-stress at Z2 for 2D elements, Normal Y-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at D at end A. Maximum tensile stress at
end A for CWELD elements.
Stress4
Normal Y-stress at Z1 for 2D elements, Normal Z-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at E at end A. Minimum tensile stress at
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end A for CWELD elements.

Stress5
Normal Y-stress at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XY-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at F at end A. Maximum tensile stress at
end B for CWELD elements.
Stress6
Shear XY-stress at Z1 for 2D elements, Shear YZ-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at C at end B. Minimum tensile stress at
end B for CWELD elements.
Stress7
Shear XY-stress at Z2 for 2D elements, Shear XZ-stress for 3D

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at D at end B. Maximum shear stress for
CWELD elements.
Stress8
Maximum shear stress for CWELD elements.

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at E at end B. Bearing stress for CWELD
elements.
Stress9
Bearing stress for CWELD elements.

For BAR/BEAM it is the stress at F at end B.
Comments
1.
optimization.

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_des.h3d file
The _des.h3d file is a compressed binary file, containing both model and result data. It can
be used to post-process results in HyperView or when using the HyperView Player.
File Creation
The _des.h3d file is created when the H3D format is chosen (see documentation for the I/O
option FORMAT), and an optimization run is performed.
File Contents
The _des.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result
Description
Density

I/O option DENSRES.
Shape
Shape results from topography or shape optimizations. Output is

controlled by the I/O option DENSRES.
Thickness
Thickness results from size and topology optimizations. Output is

controlled by the I/O option DENSRES.
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_err.grid file
The _err.grid file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is automatically created when freeshape and topography (or shape) optimization runs
are terminated due to mesh distortion.
File Contents
Result
Description
Nodal locations
It contains the nodal coordinates of the distorted mesh for

freeshape and topography (or shape) optimization.
File Format
GRID
Id
Cp
X1
X2
X3
GRID
Id
Cp
is blank.
Cd
Ps
where:
system.
Cd

displacements, degrees-of-freedom, constraints, and solution
Ps

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_frames.html file
The _frames.html file is a HyperText Markup Language file.
File Creation
This file is output when the H3D FORMAT is chosen.
File Contents
The file contains two frames. The top frame opens one of the .h3d files using the HyperView
Player browser plug-in. The .h3d file opened depends on the results selected for display in
the bottom frame. The bottom frame opens the _menu.html file, which facilitates the
selection of results to be displayed.
Comments
1.
Requires HyperView Player plug-in to be installed.
2.
This file is linked to from the "Results summary" section of the .html file and is created
primarily for this purpose.
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_freq.#.mvw file
The _freq.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is created when frequency response optimization is performed and OUTPUT,HGFREQ is
requested.
Comments
1.
2.
This file may be opened from the File menu in HyperView or HyperGraph. It automatically
creates plots for the results contained in the files: _s#_a.#.frf, _s#_d.#.frf, and
_s#_v.#.frf.

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_freq.mvw file
The _freq.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when frequency response analysis is performed. Creation of this file is
controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
This file is a HyperView session file and may be opened from the File menu in HyperView or
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in the
files: _s#_a.frf, _s#_d.frf, and _s#_v.frf.
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_gauge.h3d file
The _gauge.h3d file is a compressed binary file containing both model and result data. It can
be used to post-process shell thickness (gauge) sensitivity in HyperView.
File Creation
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The _gauge.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result
Description
Sensitivity
Sensitivity of response vs. shell thickness (gauge) of PSHELL property.

Output is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
Comments
1.

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_gso.slk file
The _gso.slk file is a Microsoft SLK Data Import format results file.
File Creation
This file is created when Global Search Option (GSO) is activated and executed using the
DGLOBAL I/O entry and the DGLOBAL Bulk Data entry, respectively. This file outputs the
results of Global Search Option (GSO).
File Contents
Result
Description
Optimized Designs
It contains the list of unique and similar optimized designs based

on the Global Search Option (GSO) method. The designs in this
resulting subset of the total design space are then sorted based
on their rank (based on the number of convergences from unique
starting points to result in a specific design).
File Format
The file uses the following format for the designs optimized from specified starting points:
Unique Designs
Design
Rank
Startin
g Point
Times
Found
Directo
ry
Name
Objecti
ve
Functio
n
C onstr
aint
Violatio
n
Max.
Obj.
Deviati
on
Avg.
Obj.
Deviati
on
Max.
DV
Deviati
on
Avg.
DV
Deviati
on
DV1
DVN
All Designs
Design
Rank
Starting
Point
Unique
Design
Directory
Name
Objective
Function
C onstraint DV1
Violation
DVN
Where,
Design Rank
Denotes the rank of the design. This is assigned based initially on the values
of Constraint Violation and then the Objective Function values.
Starting Point
Denotes the starting point of the optimization for a design in the design
space.
Times Found
The number of times designs (from unique starting points) converge to the
same design.
Directory
Name
Name of the Directory where the output files associated with the specified
design are stored.
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Objective
Function
The value of the Objective Function for the current design.
Constraint
Violation
The value of the Constraint Violation for the current design
Maximum
Objective
Deviation
The maximum deviation (of a design) from the objective function among
designs from unique starting points that converged to this unique design.
Average
Objective
Deviation
The average deviation (of a design) from the objective function among
Maximum DV
Deviation
The maximum deviation between two design variables in the design space
among designs from unique starting points that converged to this unique
design.
Average DV
Deviation
The average deviation between design variables in the design space among
DV#
The various design variables values represented by DV1, DV2,.., DVN.
Unique Design This represents the Design Rank used in the UNIQUE DESIGN Table.

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_hist.mvw file
The _hist.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
I/O option DESHIS.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates individual plots for each of the results contained in
the .hist file. Each plot occupies its own page within HyperView (HyperGraph).
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_mass.#.mvw file
The _mass.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is created when modal optimization is performed and OUTPUT,HGEFFMASS is
requested.
Comments
1.
2.
This file may be opened from the File menu in HyperView or HyperGraph. It automatically
creates bar charts for the results contained in .#.mass file.

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_mass.mvw file
The _mass.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when modal analyses are performed. Creation of this file is controlled
by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for the results contained in the .mass file.
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_mbd.h3d file
The _mbd.h3d file is a compressed binary file containing both model and result data from a
multi-body dynamics analysis. It can be used to post-process results in HyperView.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed.
File Contents
The _mbd.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result
Description
Displacement

Deformation > Displacement
Deformations (deflections) of flexible bodies from multibody dynamics analyses in the body reference frame.
Deformation > Rotation
Deformation (rotations) of flexible bodies from multi-body

dynamics analyses in the body reference frame.
Strain
Strain results of flexible bodies from a multi-body

dynamics analysis.
Stress
Stress results of flexible bodies from a multi-body

dynamics analysis.
Comments
1.
This file format is the most compressed animation output for multi-body dynamics
analyses. It generates the smallest files compared to other formats.

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_mbd.log file
The _mbd.log file is an ASCII format log file from a multi-body dynamics analysis.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed. It is a direct output file
of MotionSolve.
File Contents
The file provides commentary on the multi-body dynamics solution progress.
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_mbd.mrf file
The _mbd.mrf file is a Multi-body Results File.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is defined. The file contains time
history data that can be used for 2D plotting in HyperGraph. Some data is written by default,
and some needs to be requested.
File Contents
Data output by default.
Type
Component
Description
Rigid Body
X, Y, Z
Position
E0, E1, E2, E3
Orientation in Euler parameters.
VM, VX, VY, VZ
Magnitude and X, Y, Z components

of velocity.
WM, WX, WY, WZ

of angular velocity.
ACCM, ACCX, ACCY, ACCZ
Magnitude and X, Y, X components

of acceleration.
WDTM, WDTX, WDTY, WDTZ

of angular acceleration.
KE
Kinetic energy
Flex Body
All Rigid Body results

Q/i, i = 1,2,,n
Modal participation factors.
XD/i, i=1,2,,N
Modal velocity.

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Type
Component
Description
System
KE
Kinetic energy
CPU Usage
Total CPU time used.
CPU/Sim. Time Ratio
The ration between the total CPU

time used and the simulation time.
Stepsize
Actual step size used in the

integration.
Integration Order
Order of the integrator used in the

integration.
Data output by request. The request needs to be defined through a REQUEST I/O statement.
Type
Component
Description
Marker Displacement DM, DX, DY, DZ
Marker Velocity
Marker Acceleration
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of displacement.
E0, E1, E2, E3
Orientation in Euler parameters.
VM, VX, VY, VZ

of velocity.
WM, WX, WY, WZ

of angular velocity.
ACCM, ACCX, ACCY, ACCZ

of acceleration.
WDTM, WDTX, WDTY, WDTZ

of angular acceleration.

Type
Marker Force
Expressions
Component
Description
FM, FX, FY, FZ

of force.
TM, TX, TY, TZ

of torque.
F1, F2, , F8
Vectors containing evaluated

expressions.

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_mbd.mvw file
The _mbd.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when a multi-body dynamics analysis is performed. Creation of this
file is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in the
files: _s#_a.mbd, _s#_d.mbd, and _s#_v.mbd.
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_mbd.xml file
The _mbd.xml file is a MotionSolve XML file from a multi-body dynamics analysis.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed.
File Contents
The file format is documented in the MotionSolve manual. The purpose is the communication
between the OptiStruct core and the integrated MotionSolve. This file, together with the
<BODY_NAME>.h3d files, forms a full representation of the multi-body dynamics model which
can be run separately in MotionSolve.

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_menu.html file
The _menu.html file is a HyperText Markup Language file.
File Creation
This file is output when the H3D FORMAT is chosen.
File Contents
This file facilitates the selection of the appropriate .h3d file, for the HyperView Player browser
plug-in in the top frame of the _frames.html file, based on chosen results.
Comments
1.
This file serves no purpose on its own.
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_modal.#.mvw file
The _modal.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response and transient analyses. Creation of this file is
controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT (with the HGMODFAC keyword).
File Contents
HyperGraph3D. The file contains HyperGraph3D plots of modal participation factors. The plots
display the mode number on the x-axis, the frequency (for frequency response analyses) or
time (for transient analyses) on the y-axis, and the modal participation factor on the z-axis.
Modal participation factor vs. frequency or time for a given mode number
Modal participation factor vs. mode number at a given frequency or time
For frequency response analyses, plots are generated for the real part, the imaginary part and
the magnitude of the participation factors. Magnitude plot is visible by default, while real and
imaginary plots are hidden by default.
Comments
1.

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_modal.mvw file
The _modal.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response and transient analyses. Creation of this file is
controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT (with the HGMODFAC keyword).
File Contents
HyperGraph3D. The file contains HyperGraph3D plots of modal participation factors. The plots
display the mode number on the x-axis, the frequency (for frequency response analyses) or
time (for transient analyses) on the y-axis, and the modal participation factor on the z-axis.
Modal participation factor vs. frequency or time for a given mode number
Modal participation factor vs. mode number at a given frequency or time
For frequency response analyses, plots are generated for the real part, the imaginary part and
the magnitude of the participation factors. Magnitude plot is visible by default, while real and
imaginary plots are hidden by default.
Comments
1.
This file is generated for an analysis-only run; the _modal.#.mvw is generated for
optimization runs where # is the iteration number.
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_rand.mvw file
The _rand.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when random response analysis is performed. This file is only created
if XYPLOT is defined in random response.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in .rand
files.

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_s#.h3d file
The _s#.h3d file is a compressed binary file, containing both model and result data. It can be
used to post-process results in HyperView or using the HyperView Player.
File Creation
The _s#.h3d file is created when the H3D format is chosen (See documentation for the I/O
option FORMAT), and an optimization is performed containing a linear static subcase. A similar
file is created for each static subcase.
File Contents
The _s#.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from linear static analysis. Output is

controlled by the I/O option DISPLACEMENT.
Element strain energy results from linear static analysis.

Stress
Stress results from linear static analysis. Output is controlled

by the I/O option STRESS (or ELSTRESS).
Density
Density results from topology optimization. Output is controlled

by the I/O option DENSITY.
Shape
Shape results from topography, shape, and free shape

optimization. Output is controlled by the I/O option SHAPE.
Comments
1.
The # in the file name is the user-defined subcase ID.
2.
optimization.
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_s#_a.#.frf file
The _s#_a.#.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response optimization. Output is controlled by the I/O
option ACCELERATION and OUTPUT,HGFREQ.
File Contents
This file contains the acceleration results from frequency response optimization.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the ACCELERATION card, the file starts with
the following header:
Frequency "REA | X Trans"IMA | X Trans"REA | Y Trans"IMA | Y Trans"REA | Z Trans"IMA | Z
Trans
If the phase and magnitude format was selected on the DISPLACEMENT card, the file starts
with the following header:
Frequency"PHA | X Trans"MAG | X Trans"PHA | Y Trans"MAG | Y Trans"PHA | Z Trans"MAG |
Z Trans
In either case, the results are grouped by node with results for different nodes separated by a
blank line. The format of each line after the header is as follows:
Frequency
X-rl/ph
X-im/mag
Y-rl/ph
Y-im/mag
Z-rl/ph
Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency
is the frequency at which results are calculated.
X-rl/ph
is either the real component in the x-direction or the phase angle

in the x-direction component.
X-im/mag
is either the imaginary component in the x-direction or the

magnitude in the x-direction component.
Y-rl/ph
is either the real component in the y-direction or the phase angle

in the y-direction component.

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Y-im/mag
is either the imaginary component in the y-direction or the

magnitude in the y-direction component.
Z-rl/ph
is either the real component in the z-direction or the phase angle

in the z-direction component.
Z-im/mag
is either the imaginary component in the z-direction or the

magnitude in the z-direction component.
Comments
1.
The first # in the file name is the user-defined subcase ID.
2.
3.
The_freq.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results
contained in this file.
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_s#_a.frf file
The _s#_a.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for frequency response subcases. Creation of this file is controlled by
the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration

File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the ACCELERATION card, the file starts with
Frequency"REA | X Trans"IMA | X Trans"REA | Y Trans"IMA | Y Trans"REA | Z Trans"IMA | Z
Trans
If the phase and magnitude format was selected on the ACCELERATION card, the file starts
Z Trans
In either case the results are grouped by node with results for different nodes separated by a
Frequency
X-rl/ph
X-im/mag
Y-rl/ph
Y-im/mag
Z-rl/ph
Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency
X-rl/ph

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X-im/mag

Y-rl/ph

Y-im/mag

Z-rl/ph

Z-im/mag

Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
The _freq.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.
Altair Engineering

_s#_a.mbd file
The _s#_a.mbd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for Multi-Body Dynamics subcases. Creation of this file is controlled
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration
Acceleration results from multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is

File Format
Time"X Trans"Y Trans"Z Trans
Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
The _mbd.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.

Altair Engineering
_s#_a.trn file
The _s#_a.trn file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for transient response subcases. Creation of this file is controlled by
File Contents
Result
Description
Acceleration

File Format
Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
The _tran.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results contained
in this file.
Altair Engineering

_s#_d.#.frf file
The _s#_d.#.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
option DISPLACEMENT and OUTPUT,HGFREQ.
File Contents
This file contains the displacement results from frequency response optimization.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the DISPLACEMENT card, the file starts with
Trans
Z Trans
Frequency
X-rl/ph
X-im/mag
Y-rl/ph
Y-im/mag
Z-rl/ph
Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency
X-rl/ph

X-im/mag

Y-rl/ph


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Y-im/mag

Z-rl/ph

Z-im/mag

Comments
1.
2.
3.
The _freq.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results
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_s#_d.frf file
The _s#_d.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from frequency response analyses. Output is

File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the DISPLACEMENT card, the file starts with
Trans
Z Trans
Frequency
X-rl/ph
X-im/mag
Y-rl/ph
Y-im/mag
Z-rl/ph
Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency
X-rl/ph

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X-im/mag

Y-rl/ph

Y-im/mag

Z-rl/ph

Z-im/mag

Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
in this file.
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_s#_d.mbd file
The _s#_d.mbd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for Multi-Body Dynamics subcases. Creation of this file is controlled
File Contents
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is

File Format
Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
in this file.

Altair Engineering
_s#_d.trn file
The _s#_d.trn file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result
Description
Displacement
Displacement results from frequency response analyses. Output is

File Format
Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
in this file.
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_s#_v.#.frf file
The _s#_v.#.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
option VELOCITY and OUTPUT,HGFREQ.
File Contents
This file contains the velocity results from frequency response optimization.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the VELOCITY card, the file starts with the
following header:
Frequency "REA | X Trans"IMA | X Trans"REA | Y Trans"IMA | Y Trans"REA | Z Trans"IMA | Z
Trans
Z Trans
Frequency
X-rl/ph
X-im/mag
Y-rl/ph
Y-im/mag
Z-rl/ph
Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency
X-rl/ph

X-im/mag

Y-rl/ph


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Y-im/mag

Z-rl/ph

Z-im/mag

Comments
1.
2.
3.
The _freq.#.mvw HyperView script file automatically creates plots for the results
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_s#_v.frf file
The _s#_v.frf file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result
Description
Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response analyses. Output is controlled

by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
If the real and imaginary format was selected on the VELOCITY card, the file starts with the
following header:
Trans
If the phase and magnitude format was selected on the VELOCITY card, the file starts with
Z Trans
Frequency
X-rl/ph
X-im/mag
Y-rl/ph
Y-im/mag
Z-rl/ph
Z-im/mag
where:
Frequency
X-rl/ph


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X-im/mag

Y-rl/ph

Y-im/mag

Z-rl/ph

Z-im/mag

Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
in this file.
Altair Engineering

_s#_v.mbd file
The _s#_v.mbd file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
This file is only created for multi-body dynamics subcases. Creation of this file is controlled by
File Contents
Result
Description
Velocity
Velocity results from multi-body dynamics analyses. Output is controlled

by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
in this file.

Altair Engineering
_s#_v.trn file
The _s#_v.trn file is an OptiStruct ASCII format results file.
File Creation
File Contents
Result
Description
Velocity
Velocity results from frequency response analyses. Output is

controlled by the I/O option VELOCITY.
File Format
Comments
1.
obtained.
2.
in this file.
Altair Engineering

_sens.#.mvw file
The _sens.#.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates a histogram for each of the results contained in
the .#.sens file. The plots are grouped so that design variable sensitivities for different
responses are given on separate pages.
Comments
1.

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The _shuffling.#.fem file is an ASCII format file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT, SZTOSH (sizing to shuffling) is requested during the plybased sizing optimization phase.
File Contents
This file is a ply-based stacking optimization input deck. It contains the updated PLY and
STACK cards describing the stacking model, as well as a DSHUFFLE card defining shuffling
design variables.
Comments
1.
The # in the file name is the number of the last iteration.
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_sizing.#.fem file
The _sizing.#.fem file is an ASCII format file.
File Creation
This file is created when OUTPUT, FSTOSZ (free-sizing to sizing) is requested during the freesizing optimization phase.
File Contents
This file is a ply-based sizing optimization input deck. It contains PCOMPP, STACK, PLY, and
SET cards describing the ply-based composite model, as well as DCOMP, DESVAR, and DVPREL
cards defining the optimization data.
Comments
1.
The # in the file name is the number of the last iteration.

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_topol.h3d file
The _topol.h3d file is a compressed binary file containing both model and result data. It can
be used to post-process topology (density) sensitivity in HyperView.
File Creation
I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
The _topol.h3d file contains node and element definitions in addition to the following results:
Result
Description
Sensitivity Sensitivity of response vs. element density from topology optimization.

Output is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
Comments
1.
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_tran.mvw file
The _tran.mvw file is a HyperView session file.
File Creation
This file is only created when a transient response analysis is performed. Creation of this file
is controlled by the I/O option OUTPUT.
File Contents
HyperGraph. The file automatically creates plots for each of the results contained in the files
_s#_a.trn, _s#_d.trn, and _s#_v.trn.

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The <BODY_NAME>.h3d file is a compressed binary file from a multi-body dynamics analysis
that uses flexible bodies defined through a PFBODY bulk data entry.
File Creation
This file is created when a multi-body dynamics subcase is executed. One file for each
PFBODY entry is generated. BODY_NAME is taken directly from PFBODY, BODY_NAME. If no
BODY_NAME is given, the default is OUTFILE_body_<BID>.h3d. By default, the flexible body is
only generated once; and if a file already exists in the execution directory, the flexible body
generation is not repeated. The default can be changed by the parameter PARAM, FLEXH3D.
File Contents
This file contains the modal representation of the flexible body for direct use in the multi-body
dynamics solution sequence or in MotionSolve. It is generated using a Component Mode
Synthesis. Each flexible body is written to a separate file.
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Results Output by OptiStruct

The tables in this section summarize the results output for different analysis types. They
show the formats available for each result and the I/O option entry that controls the output
of the result.
The columns in the tables represent the major output streams:
H3D
Hyper3D format (.h3d file)
HM
HyperMesh format (.res file)
OP2
Nastran Output2 format (.op2 file)
PCH
Nastran Punch format (.pch file)
OPT
OptiStruct ASCII format (multiple files)
PAT
Patran and Alternative-Patran formats (multiple files)
H3D (MBD)
Hyper3D format for body results (_mbd.h3d)
MRF
Multi-body results file (_mbd.mrf)
Results for Linear Static Analysis and Nonlinear Quasi-Static Analysis
H3D
HM
OP2
PCH
OPT
PAT
Nodal Displacements
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT
Element Strain Energy
ESE
Element Stresses *
STRESS
Element Strains *
STRAIN
Ply Stresses
CSTRESS
Composite Failure
Indices
CSTRESS
Ply Strains
CSTRAIN

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H3D
HM
OP2
PCH
OPT
PAT
Controlling
I/O Option
Element Forces
FORCE
Grid Point Stresses
GPSTRESS
SPC Forces
SPCFORCE
MPC Forces
MPCFORCE
Grid Point Forces
GPFORCE
Applied Loads
OLOAD
Results for Linear Steady-state Heat Transfer Analysis

H3D
OP2
PCH
Controlling I/O Option
Nodal Temperatures
THERMAL
Element Fluxes and

Gradients
FLUX
Results for Linear Transient Heat Transfer Analysis

H3D
Nodal Temperatures
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OP2
PCH

THERMAL

Results for Normal Modes Analysis
H3D
HM
OP2
PCH
OPT
PAT
Eigenvectors
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT
Element Kinetic Energy
EKE
ESE
Grid Point Energy
GPKE
Grid Point Stress
GPSTRESS
Element Stresses *
STRESS
SPC Forces
SPCFORCE
MPC Forces
MPCFORCE
Grid Point Forces
GPFORCE
Nodal Pressures (Fluid)
PRESSURE
Ply Stresses
CSTRESS
Ply Strains
CSTRAIN
Results for Complex Eigenvalue Analysis
H3D
OP2
Eigenvectors
PCH
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT

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Results for Linear Buckling Analysis
H3D
HM
OP2
PCH
OPT
Eigenvectors
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT
Results for Frequency Response Analysis
H3D HM OP2 PCH OPT
XYPUNCH
Nodal Displacements
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT
Modal Participation
Displacements
SDISPLACEMENT
Element Energy Loss Per

Cycle
EDE
Element Kinetic Energy
EKE
ESE
Nodal Velocities
VELOCITY
Modal Participation Velocities
SVELOCITY
Nodal Accelerations
ACCELERATION
Modal Participation
Accelerations
SACCELERATION
Element Stresses *
STRESS
Element Strains *
STRAIN
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H3D HM OP2 PCH OPT
Controlling
I/O Option
XYPUNCH
Element Forces
FORCE
SPC Forces
SPCFORCE
MPC Forces
MPCFORCE
Grid Point Forces
GPFORCE
Power Flow Field
POWERFLOW
Ply Stresses
CSTRESS
Ply Strains
CSTRAIN
Sound Power
SPOWER
Sound Intensity
SINTENS
Sound Pressure Level
SPL
Applied Load Vectors
OLOAD
Results for Coupled Frequency Response Analysis of Fluid-structural Models (Acoustic

Analysis)
H3D OP2 PCH
Nodal Displacements

DISPLACEMENT
Modal Participation
Displacements
SDISPLACEMENT
Nodal Velocities
VELOCITY

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H3D OP2 PCH


SVELOCITY
Nodal Accelerations
ACCELERATION
Modal Participation
Accelerations
SACCELERATION
Nodal Pressures (Fluid)
PRESSURE
Element Stresses *
STRESS
Element Strains *
STRAIN
Element Forces
FORCE
SPC Forces
SPCFORCE
MPC Forces
MPCFORCE
Grid Point Forces
GPFORCE
Power Flow Field
POWERFLOW
Ply Stress
CSTRESS
Ply Strain
CSTRAIN
Results for Transient Analysis

H3D
Nodal Displacements
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HM
OP2 PCH OPTI
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT

H3D
HM
OP2 PCH OPTI
Modal Participation
Displacements
Controlling
I/O Option
SDISPLACEMENT
Nodal Velocities
VELOCITY
SVELOCITY
Nodal Accelerations
ACCELERATION
Modal Participation
Accelerations
SACCELERATION
Element Stresses *
STRESS
Element Strains *
STRAIN
Element Forces
FORCE
MPC Forces
MPCFORCE
Ply Stresses
CSTRESS
Ply Strains
CSTRAIN
Composite Failure Indices
CSTRESS
Applied Load Vectors
OLOAD
Results for Random Response Analysis (PSDF Request)
XYPUNCH
XYPLOT
PUNCH
(HyperGraph)
OP2
H3D
DISP / VELO / ACCE

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XYPUNCH
XYPLOT
PUNCH
(HyperGraph)
OP2
H3D
Shell Stress
Shell Strain
Solid Stress
Solid Strain
CBUSH Force
CELAS / CDAMP / CVISC
Forces
Results for Random Response Analysis

OP2 PCH
H3D
Displacement PSD and

RMS
DISP, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
Velocity PSD and RMS
VELO, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
Acceleration PSD and

RMS
ACCEL, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
PSD Element Force and

RMS
FORCE, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
PSD Element Stress
STRESS, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
PSD Element Strain
STRAIN, XYPEAK, XYPLOT, XYPUNCH
RMS Element Stress
STRESS
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STRAIN
RMS Element Strain
Results for Multi-body Dynamics Analysis

H3D
HM
OP2
H3D
(MBD)
MRF
Nodal Displacements
Controlling
I/O Option
DISPLACEMENT
Nodal Velocities
VELOCITY
Nodal Accelerations
ACCELERATION
Element Stresses *
STRESS
Element Strains *
STRAIN
Body time history

System time history
Marker time history
REQUEST
Results for Fatigue Analysis

H3D
Element Life
LIFE
Element Damage
DAMAGE

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Results for Geometric Nonlinear Analysis (ANALYSIS=NLGEOM, IMPDYN or EXPDYN)

Controlling
I/O Option
Controlling
I/O Option
(Block Format)
Nodal Displacements
DISPLACEMENT
/ANIM/VECT/DISP
/ANIM/VECT/DROT
Nodal Velocities
VELOCITY
/ANIM/VECT/VEL
Nodal Accelerations
ACCELERATION
/ANIM/VECT/ACC
STRESS
/ANIM/BRICK/TENS/
STRESS
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/UPPER
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/LOWER
/ANIM/BEAM/VONM
/ANIM/TRUSS/SIGX
STRAIN
/ANIM/BRICK/TENS/
STRAIN
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRAIN/UPPER
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRAIN/LOWER
Ply Stresses
CSTRESS
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/N
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRESS/ALL
Ply Strains
CSTRAIN
/ANIM/SHELL/TENS/
STRAIN/ALL
Composite Failure
Indices
CSTRESS
N/A
Element Forces
FORCE
/ANIM/Eltyp/FORC
Grid Point Stresses
GPSTRESS
/ANIM/GPS1/TENS
/ANIM/GPS1/SHELL/
H3D OP2 PCH
Element Stresses*
Element Strains*
Altair Engineering

Controlling
I/O Option
H3D OP2 PCH
Controlling
I/O Option
(Block Format)
UPPER
/ANIM/GPS1/SHELL/
LOWER
SPC Forces
SPCFORCE
/ANIM/VECT/FREAC
/ANIM/VECT/MREAC
MPC Forces
MPCFORCE
/ANIM/VECT/FINT
Applied Loads
OLOAD
/ANIM/VECT/FEXT
Plastic Strain
STRAIN
(PLASTIC)
/ANIM/ELEM/EPSP
/ANIM/SHELL/EPSP/
UPPER
/ANIM/SHELL/EPSP/
LOWER
Contact Force and

Pressure
CONTF
/ANIM/VECT/CONT
/ANIM/VECT/PCONT
Element Thinning and

Thickness
THIN
/ANIM/ELEM/THIC
/ANIM/SHELL/THIN
Element Energy
ENERGY
/ANIM/ELEM/ENER
/ANIM/ELEM/HOURG
Optimization Results
H3D
HM
OP2
PCH
OPT
PAT
Element Density
Controlling
I/O Option
DENSITY
Element Thickness
THICKNESS

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H3D
HM
OP2
PCH
OPT
PAT
Controlling
I/O Option
Ply Thickness
THICKNESS
% Thickness
THICKNESS
Shape
SHAPE
* The element stress and strain results written to the various output streams are not
always the same. Refer to the following pages for more details on the stress results
available in the different output streams:
Strain Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format
Strain Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats
Strain Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format
Stress Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format
Stress Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Format
Stress Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format
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Strain Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format

1D Elements
ALL, DIRECT and TENSOR options
Von Mises Strain
CELAS Strain
CROD Axial Strain
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAC
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAD
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAE
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAF
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SAMAX
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBC
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBD
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBE
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBF
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Strain SBMAX
CWELD Axial Strain
CWELD Maximum Strain A
CWELD Minimum Strain A
CWELD Maximum Strain B
CWELD Minimum Strain B
CWELD Maximum Shear Strain
VON and PRINC options
Von Mises Strain
1D Elements (CBAR/CBEAM via PBARL/PBEAML)
The following strain results are output for CBAR/CBEAM elements defined via PBARL/PBEAML
property entries. The Result type: HyperView is CBAR/CBEAM Strains (<TYPE>), where the
<TYPE> entry is based on the selected cross-section (TYPE/NAME field) on the PBARL/PBEAML
entries. The element strain results can be reviewed for each cross-section type,
corresponding evaluation point, at element ends (A or B). The maximum normal/shear/von
Mises strains can also be reviewed.
Syntax
-
CBAR/CBEAM Strains (<Type>)

<Strain Result Output> <evaluation point> (A/B)
Where,
<Type> = BAR, BOX, BOX1, CHAN, CHAN1, CHAN2, CROSS, H, HAT, I, I1, ROD, T, T1,
T2, TUBE, Z.
<Strain Result Output> = normal, shear, and von Mises
<evaluation point> = evaluation point of the element

Altair Engineering
Examples
-
CBAR/CBEAM Strains(BAR)
Normal S1N(A)
Normal S1N(B)
Shear S4S(A)
Shear S4S(B)
von Mises S8V(A)
von Mises S8V(B)
Example descriptions
Normal S3N(B): normal strain at the 3rd evaluation point of the beam element (end B);
Shear S6S(A): shear strain at the 6th evaluation point of the beam element (end A);
von Mises S5V(B): von Mises strain at the 5th evaluation point of the beam element (end
B).
Review evaluation points via: DRESP1 - Static Strain Item Codes for Bar Elements using
The von Mises strains for all CBEAM/CBAR elements with PBARL/PBEAML properties at the same
time can be output using the Result type: CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Strains.
Syntax
-
CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Strains

<Strain Result Output>
Where,
<Strain Result Output> = Von Mises
2D Elements
ALL and TENSOR options
Results are calculated by HyperView.
DIRECT option
Von Mises Strain
Maximum Principal Strain
Von Mises Strain (Z1)
Von Mises Strain (mid)
P1 (major) Strain (Z1)
P1 (major) Strain (mid)
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P3 (minor) Strain (Z1)

P3 (minor) Strain (mid)
Normal X Strain (Z1)
Normal X Strain (mid)
Normal Y Strain (Z1)
Normal Y Strain (mid)
Shear XY Strain (Z1)
Shear XY Strain (mid)
Principal Strain Angle (Z1)
Principal Strain Angle (mid)
VON option
Von Mises Strain - This is equal to max[Von Mises Strain (Z1), Von Mises Strain
(Z2)]
PRINC option
Von Mises Strain
3D Elements
DIRECT option
Von Mises Strain
Signed Von Mises Strain
P1 (major) Strain (solid)
P2 (mid) Strain (solid)
P3 (minor) Strain (solid)
Normal X Strain (solid)
Normal Y Strain (solid)
Normal Z Strain (solid)
Shear XY Strain (solid)
Shear YZ Strain (solid)
Shear XZ Strain (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Strain
PRINC option

Altair Engineering
Von Mises Strain

Comments
1.
In the TENSOR mode, pass tensor components to HyperView which then calculates derived
results on-the-fly.
2.
For frequency response loadcases, only the TENSOR mode is available.
Altair Engineering

Strain Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats

Static, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases
1D elements
CROD Axial Strain
CELAS Strain
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA4
Axial
SA-maximum
SA-minimum
SB1
SB2
SB3
SB4
SB-maximum
SB-minimum
Long Strain at Point
Maximum Strain1
Minimum Strain1
Maximum Strain2
Minimum Strain2
C1
D1
E1
F1
C2
D2
E2
F2
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Strain (Z1)
Normal YY Strain (Z1)
Major Principal Strain (Z1)
Minor Principal Strain (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)

Altair Engineering

Major Principal Strain (Z2)
Minor Principal Strain (Z2)
3D elements
Normal XX Strain
Shear XY Strain
Major Principal Strain
Major Principal X Cosine
Mid Principal X Cosine
Minor Principal X Cosine
Mean Strain
Von Mises Strain
Normal YY Strain
Shear YZ Strain
Mid Principal Strain
Major Principal Y Cosine
Mid Principal Y Cosine
Minor Principal Y Cosine
Normal ZZ Strain
Shear XZ Strain
Minor principal Strain
Eigenvalue Loadcases
1D elements
None.
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Principal Strain Angle
Minor Principal Strain
Fibre Distance (Z2)
Principal Strain Angle
Minor Principal Strain
Altair Engineering
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)


3D elements
Normal XX Strain
Shear XY Strain
Mean Strain
Von Mises Strain
Normal YY Strain
Shear YZ Strain
Mid Principal Strain
Normal ZZ Strain
Shear XZ Strain
Minor principal Strain
Frequency Response Loadcases

1D elements
CROD Axial Strain
CELAS Strain
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA4
Axial
SA-maximum
SA-minimum
SB1
SB2
SB3
SB4
SB-maximum
SB-minimum
Long
Long
Long
Long
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
at
at
at
at
Point
Point
Point
Point
C1
D1
E1
F1

Altair Engineering
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
Maximum Strain1
Minimum Strain1
Maximum Strain2
Minimum Strain2
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Strain (real)
Normal XX Strain (imag)
Normal YY Strain (real)
Normal YY Strain (imag)
Shear XY Strain (real)
Shear XY Strain (imag)
Fibre Distance (Z2)
Normal XX Strain (real)
Normal XX Strain (imag)
Normal YY Strain (real)
Normal YY Strain (imag)
Shear XY Strain (real)
Shear XY Strain (imag)
3D elements
Normal XX Strain
Normal YY Strain
Normal ZZ Strain
Shear XY Strain
Shear YZ Strain
Shear XZ Strain
Normal XX Strain
Normal YY Strain
Normal ZZ Strain
Shear XY Strain
Shear YZ Strain
Shear XZ Strain
C2
D2
E2
F2
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
Comments
1.
The order above reflects the contents of the OP2 file, but post-processors such as
HyperView may display results in a different manner.
Altair Engineering

Strain Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format

Static, Eigenvalue, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases
Von Mises Strain
Von Mises Strain (mid)
P1 (major) Strain (mid)
P1 (major) Strain (max)
P3 (minor) Strain (mid)
P3 (minor) Strain (min)
Normal X Strain (mid)
Normal Y Strain (mid)
Shear XY Strain (mid)
Principal Strain Angle (mid)
Signed Von Mises Strain (solid)
P1 (major) Strain (solid)
P2 ( mid ) Strain (solid)
P3 (minor) Strain (solid)
Normal X Strain (solid)
Normal Y Strain (solid)
Normal Z Strain (solid)
Shear XY Strain (solid)
Shear YZ Strain (solid)
Shear XZ Strain (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Strain
PRINC option
Von Mises Strain

Altair Engineering

Normal X
Normal X
Normal Y
Normal Y
Shear XY
Shear XY
Normal X
Normal Y
Normal Z
Shear XY
Shear YZ
Shear XZ
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
Strain
(Z1) (comp)
(Z2) (comp)
(Z1) (comp)
(Z2) (comp)
(Z1) (comp)
(Z2) (comp)
(solid) (comp)
(solid) (comp)
(solid) (comp)
(solid) (comp)
(solid) (comp)
(solid) (comp)
Comments
1. "von Mises Strain" and "Maximum Principal Strain" apply to 1D, 2D, and 3D elements
simultaneously. Other results apply to 2D or 3D elements exclusively. There are no
specific results for 1D elements.
2. For frequency response loadcases, (comp) may be replaced by (real) (imag) (magn) and/or
(phas), depending on the complex format request.
3. "Maximum Principal Strain" is the maximum absolute principal strain:
max(abs(P1(Z1)),abs(P1(Z2)),abs(P3(Z1)),abs(P3(Z2)))
max(abs(P1),abs(P2),abs(P3))
for shells.
for solids.
4. "P1 (major) Strain (max)" is the maximum major principal strain:

max(P1(Z1),P1(Z2)).
5. "P3 (minor) Strain (min)" is the minimum minor principal strain:
min(P3(Z1),P3(Z2)).
6. "Signed von Mises Strain" is the von Mises strain with traction/compression sign:
sign(P1+P2+P3) * VonMises.
Altair Engineering

Stress Results Written in HyperView .h3d Format

1D Elements
Von Mises Stress
CELAS Stress
CROD Axial Stress
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAC
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAD
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAE
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAF
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SAMAX
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBC
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBD
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBE
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBF
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBMIN
CBAR Longitudinal Stress SBMAX
CWELD Axial Stress
CWELD Maximum Stress A
CWELD Minimum Stress A
CWELD Maximum Stress B
CWELD Minimum Stress B
CWELD Maximum Shear Stress
CWELD Bearing Stress
VON and PRINC options
Von Mises Stress
1D Elements (CBAR/CBEAM via PBARL/PBEAML)
The following stress results are output for CBAR/CBEAM elements defined via PBARL/PBEAML
property entries. The Result type: HyperView is CBAR/CBEAM Stresses (<TYPE>), where the
<TYPE> entry is based on the selected cross-section (TYPE/NAME field) on the PBARL/PBEAML
entries. The element stress results can be reviewed for each cross-section type,
corresponding evaluation point, at element ends (A or B). The maximum normal/shear/von
Mises stresses can also be reviewed.
Syntax
-
CBAR/CBEAM Stresses (<Type>)

<Stress Result Output> <evaluation point> (A/B)
Where,
<Type> = BAR, BOX, BOX1, CHAN, CHAN1, CHAN2, CROSS, H, HAT, I, I1, ROD, T, T1,
T2, TUBE, Z.

Altair Engineering
<Stress Result Output> = normal, shear, and von Mises

<evaluation point> = evaluation point of the element
Examples
-
CBAR/CBEAM Stresses(BAR)
Normal S1N(A)
Normal S1N(B)
Shear S4S(A)
Shear S4S(B)
von Mises S8V(A)
von Mises S8V(B)
Example descriptions
Normal S3N(B): normal stress at the 3rd evaluation point of the beam element (end B);
Shear S6S(A): shear stress at the 6th evaluation point of the beam element (end A);
von Mises S5V(B): von Mises stress at the 5th evaluation point of the beam element (end
B).
Review evaluation points via: DRESP1 - Static Stress Item Codes for Bar Elements using
The von Mises stresses for all CBEAM/CBAR elements with PBARL/PBEAML properties at the
same time can be output using the Result type: CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Stresses.
Syntax
-
CBAR/CBEAM vonMises Stresses

<Stress Result Output>
Where,
<Stress Result Output> = Von Mises
2D Elements
DIRECT option
Von Mises Stress
Maximum Principal Stress
Von Mises Stress (Z1)
Altair Engineering

Von Mises Stress (mid)

P1 (major) Stress (Z1)
P1 (major) Stress (mid)
P3 (minor) Stress (Z1)
P3 (minor) Stress (mid)
Normal X Stress (Z1)
Normal X Stress (mid)
Normal Y Stress (Z1)
Normal Y Stress (mid)
Shear XY Stress (Z1)
Shear XY Stress (mid)
Principal Stress Angle (Z1)
Principal Stress Angle (mid)
VON option - This is equal to max[Von Mises Stress (Z1), Von Mises Stress (Z2)]
PRINC option
Von Mises Stress
3D Elements
DIRECT option
Von Mises Stress
Signed Von Mises Stress
P1 (major) Stress (solid)
P2 (mid) Stress (solid)
P3 (minor) Stress (solid)
Normal X Stress (solid)
Normal Y Stress (solid)
Normal Z Stress (solid)
Shear XY Stress (solid)
Shear YZ Stress (solid)
Shear XZ Stress (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Stress

Altair Engineering
PRINC option
Von Mises Stress
Comments
1.
In the TENSOR mode, pass tensor components to HyperView, which then calculates
derived results on-the-fly.
2.
For frequency response loadcases, only the TENSOR mode is available.
Altair Engineering

Stress Results Written in Nastran .op2 and .pch Formats

Static, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases
1D elements
CROD Axial Stress
CELAS Stress
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA4
Axial
SA-maximum
SA-minimum
SB1
SB2
SB3
SB4
SB-maximum
SB-minimum
Long Stress at Point
Maximum Stress1
Minimum Stress1
Maximum Stress2
C1
D1
E1
F1
C2
D2
E2
F2
CBEAM Minimum Stress2
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Stress (Z1)
Normal YY Stress (Z1)
Major Principal Stress (Z1)
Minor Principal Stress (Z1)
Fibre Distance (Z2)

Altair Engineering

Major Principal Stress (Z2)
Minor Principal Stress (Z2)
3D elements
Normal XX Stress
Shear XY Stress
Major Principal Stress
Mean Stress
Von Mises Stress
Normal YY Stress
Shear YZ Stress
Mid Principal Stress
Normal ZZ Stress
Shear XZ Stress
Minor principal Stress
Eigenvalue Loadcases
1D elements
None
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Principal Stress Angle
Minor Principal Stress
Fibre Distance (Z2)
Principal Stress Angle
Minor Principal Stress
Altair Engineering
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)


3D elements
Normal XX Stress
Shear XY Stress
Mean Stress
Von Mises Stress
Normal YY Stress
Shear YZ Stress
Mid Principal Stress
Normal ZZ Stress
Shear XZ Stress
Minor principal Stress

1D elements
CROD Axial Stress
CELAS Stress
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBAR
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
SA1
SA2
SA3
SA4
Axial
SA-maximum
SA-minimum
SB1
SB2
SB3
SB4
SB-maximum
SB-minimum
Maximum Stress1
Minimum Stress1
C1
D1
E1
F1

Altair Engineering
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM
CBEAM

Maximum Stress2
Minimum Stress2
2D elements
Fibre Distance (Z1)
Normal XX Stress (real)
Normal XX Stress (imag)
Normal YY Stress (real)
Normal YY Stress (imag)
Shear XY Stress (real)
Shear XY Stress (imag)
Fibre Distance (Z2)
Normal XX Stress (real)
Normal XX Stress (imag)
Normal YY Stress (real)
Normal YY Stress (imag)
Shear XY Stress (real)
Shear XY Stress (imag)
3D elements
Normal XX Stress
Normal YY Stress
Normal ZZ Stress
Shear XY Stress
Shear YZ Stress
Shear XZ Stress
Normal XX Stress
Normal YY Stress
Normal ZZ Stress
Shear XY Stress
Shear YZ Stress
Shear XZ Stress
C2
D2
E2
F2
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z1)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(Z2)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(real)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
(imag)
Comments
1.
The order above reflects the contents of the OP2 file, but post-processors such as
HyperView may display results in a different manner.
2.
For 2D elements, results are printed at the center of the element, followed by results at
each grid when corner stresses are requested.
3.
For 3D elements, results are printed at the center of the element, followed by results at
each grid when corner stresses are requested. In the OP2 format, regardless of the
corner stress request, results are printed at each grid by duplicating results at the
center.
Altair Engineering

Stress Results Written in HyperMesh .res Format

Static, Eigenvalue, Transient and Multi-body Loadcases
Von Mises Stress
Von Mises Stress (mid)
P1 (major) Stress (mid)
P1 (major) Stress (max)
P3 (minor) Stress (mid)
P3 (minor) Stress (min)
Normal X Stress (mid)
Normal Y Stress (mid)
Shear XY Stress (mid)
Principal Stress Angle (mid)
Signed Von Mises Stress (solid)
P1 (major) Stress (solid)
P2 ( mid ) Stress (solid)
P3 (minor) Stress (solid)
Normal X Stress (solid)
Normal Y Stress (solid)
Normal Z Stress (solid)
Shear XY Stress (solid)
Shear YZ Stress (solid)
Shear XZ Stress (solid)
VON option
Von Mises Stress
PRINC option
Von Mises Stress

Altair Engineering
Frequency response loadcases

Normal X Stress (Z1) (comp)
Normal X Stress (Z2) (comp)
Normal Y Stress (Z1) (comp)
Normal Y Stress (Z2) (comp)
Shear XY Stress (Z1) (comp)
Shear XY Stress (Z2) (comp)
Normal X Stress (solid) (comp)
Normal Y Stress (solid) (comp)
Normal Z Stress (solid) (comp)
Shear XY Stress (solid) (comp)
Shear YZ Stress (solid) (comp)
Shear XZ Stress (solid) (comp)
Comments
1. "von Mises Stress" and "Maximum Principal Stress" apply to 1D, 2D, and 3D elements
simultaneously. Other results apply to 2D or 3D elements exclusively. There are no
specific results for 1D elements.
2. For frequency response loadcases, (comp) may be replaced by (real) (imag) (magn) and/or
(phas), depending on the complex format request.
3. "Maximum Principal Stress" is the maximum absolute principal stress:
max(abs(P1(Z1)),abs(P1(Z2)),abs(P3(Z1)),abs(P3(Z2)))
for shells.
max(abs(P1),abs(P2),abs(P3))
for solids.
4. "P1 (major) Stress (max)" is the maximum major principal stress:
max(P1(Z1),P1(Z2)).
5. "P3 (minor) Stress (min)" is the minimum minor principal stress:
min(P3(Z1),P3(Z2)).
6. "Signed von Mises Stress" is the von Mises stress with traction/compression sign:
sign(P1+P2+P3) * VonMises.
Altair Engineering

Legacy Data
Previous (OS3.5) Input Format
Setting Up Decks in OptiStruct 5.0 and higher with OptiStruct 3.5 Objectives and Constraints
Previously Supported Input

Altair Engineering
Previous (OS3.5) Input Format

OptiStruct will continue to support the old input format from version 3.5. The new
optimization capabilities will not be available if the old format is used for the set up of the
optimization problem, that is, if matfrac, mini, maxi, ubcon or lbcon are present.
This section is intended to be used for the purpose of debugging or re-running older decks.
OptiStruct Version 3.5 Parameters:
Checkerboard
0,1,2, or blank
(default = 0,
if card not in deck)
(Default = 1, if blank)
Controls checkerboarding. Use 0 for no

checkerboard control. Use 1 or blank for global
averaging over the entire design domain. This
option generally yields a large number of semidense elements around fully dense elements.
To reduce the number of semi-dense elements
in the solution, restart the final iteration with
checkerboard control off and run for 10-20
iterations. This may reintroduce some local
checkerboarding. This method is used with
plate/shell and solid design elements and is
highly recommended for tetra elements. Nodal
densities are output to the .res file if this
option is used. Use 2 for averaging at local
areas identified as checkerboarded. Since
averaging is only applied locally, a much smaller
number of semi-dense elements are found in the
final iteration compared to the global averaging
method. This method applies only to plate/shell
design elements. If used in models with solid
design elements, checkerboard control is not
applied to solid elements.
OptiStruct errors out if this parameter is
repeated on DOPTPRM in the bulk data section.
Discrete
<real>default = 1.0
Discreteness parameter. Influences the

tendency for elements to converge to a
material density of 0 or 1. Higher values
decrease the number of elements that remain
between 0 and 1. Recommended bounds are
0.0 and 2.0.
Dcomp
<integer>
Altair Engineering
Shell elements with PCOMP PID given on this

card will be placed in the topology design
domain. This card overrides declarations in the
bulk data deck.

Dshell
<integer>no
def<real>def=0.0
Shell elements with PSHELL PID given in first

field of DSHELL card will be placed into the
topology design domain with T0 given in the
second field. This card overrides declarations in
the bulk data deck.
Dsolid
<integer>
Solid elements with PSOLID PID given on this

card will be placed into the topology design
domain. This card overrides declarations in bulk
data deck.
Matinit
<real>def. = 0.9 or
constraint val.
This card declares the initial material fraction.

For runs with mass as the objective, default is
0.9. For runs with constrained mass, default is
reset to constraint value.
Maxiter
<integer>default = 30 Maximum number of iterations. Sets an upper

limit on the number of iterations OptiStruct can
perform before completion. If maxiter = 0,
baseline analysis is conducted after initializing
material fractions of all design elements at the
matfrac value. If check is present, it overrides
maxiter = 0. If analysis is present, it overrides
maxiter = 0.
Mindens
<real>default = 0.01
Minimum element material density. Sets a lower

limit on the amount of material that can be
assigned to any design element. Extremely low
values for this parameter can result in an illconditioned stiffness matrix.
Minmember
<real>no
default<method>
default= 2
Specifies the minimum diameter of members

formed by OptiStruct. This also eliminates
checkerboard results. This command is used to
eliminate small members. Method is either 1 or
2. Method 2 is set as default since it achieves
more discrete solutions for most examples.

Altair Engineering
Mmcheck
No input
The use of this card will ensure a checkerboard

free solution, although with the undesired side
effect of achieving a solution that involves a
large number of semi-dense elements, similar to
the result of using CHECKER=1. Therefore, use
this card only when it is necessary.
Objtol
<real>default = 0.005 Tolerance in objective function. If the

fractional change in objective function is below
this quantity for two consecutive iterations, the
optimization is considered converged and is
stopped.
Smooth
<real>default =
0.7071
Solution smoothness. Influences the step size

of the optimization iterations if the optimality
criteria method is used for topology
optimization. Changing this parameter generally
results in changes in the solution topology.
Larger values of this parameter create smoother
topologies for shell element models. Leave this
parameter at the default value, unless a
different solution topology is desired.
Recommended bounds are 0.5 and 0.9.
OptiStruct Version 3.5 Subcase Information:

lbcon
<real>
<string>
no
defaults
Mass
<real>
Altair Engineering
<integer*> Sets a lower bound constraint of value given

<integer*> in the first field of this card for the response
given in the second field of the card.
Supported responses are: volume, mass, disp,
comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and comb. Global
responses (volume, mass, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb) must be located outside of all subcase
declarations. Local responses (comp, freq,
and disp) must be located within a subcase
declaration. The third field is used for mode
number declarations for freq responses or grid
number declarations for disp responses. The
fourth field is used for grid component
declarations for disp responses.
Mass of total model. If present, the matfrac
parameter is not used. Input the total target

no default
mass for the part and OptiStruct calculates

the material fraction automatically. If the
computed material fraction is below 0.0 or
above 1.0, OptiStruct returns an error. Not
available if using multiple material types in the
design domain.
Matfrac
<real>
default = 0.30
range = 0.0-1.0
Material fraction. Defines the amount of

material to be distributed within the design
domain as a fraction of the design domain.
For shell elements, design volume is equal to
(T - T0) * area. For solid elements, design
volume is equal to the sum of the volume of
the elements designated as design space.
The design volume multiplied by the material
fraction is the total amount of design material
available. Material fractions for all design
elements in the design space are initialized to
matfrac value.
maxi
<string>
<integer*> Sets objective function to maximize a
no default <integer*> response. Supported responses are: volume,
mass, disp, comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb. Global responses (volume, mass,
wcomp, wfreq, and comb) must be located
outside of all subcase declarations. Local
responses (comp, freq, and disp) must be
located within a subcase declaration. The
second field is used for mode number
declarations for freq responses or grid number
declarations for disp responses. The fourth
field is used for grid component declarations
for disp responses.
mini
<string>
<integer*> Sets objective function to minimize a
no default <integer*> response. Supported responses are: volume,
mass, disp, comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb. Global responses (volume, mass,
wcomp, wfreq, and comb) must be located
outside of all subcase declarations. Local
responses (comp, freq, and disp) must be
located within a subcase declaration. The
second field is used for mode number
declarations for freq responses or grid number
declarations for disp responses. The fourth
field is used for grid component declarations
for disp responses.
Primary
<integer
This card sets which mode of eigenvalue

solution is used to set material orientation

Altair Engineering
or blank>
default=
lowest
mode with
highest
weight if
eigen.
Subcase
no default
if static.
ubcon
<real>
<string>
no
defaults
Altair Engineering
angles. Primary mode declaration only applies

to runs without static analyses and must be
placed in the subcase declaration. If the card
is placed in a static subcase, only that
subcase is used to determine material
orientation angle - no fields are necessary.
<integer*> Sets an upper bound constraint of value given

<integer*> in the first field of this card for the response
given in the second field of the card.
Supported responses are: volume, mass, disp,
comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and comb. Global
responses (volume, mass, wcomp, wfreq, and
comb) must be located outside of all subcase
declarations. Local responses (comp, freq,
and disp) must be located within a subcase
declaration. The third field is used for mode
number declarations for freq responses or grid
number declarations for disp responses. The
fourth field is used for grid component
declarations for disp responses.

Setting Up Decks in OptiStruct 5.0 with OptiStruct 3.5

Objectives and Constraints
Setting up an optimization was simpler in OptiStruct 3.5, but it was also very limited. Starting
with OptiStruct 5.0, a lot more flexibility has been added to the way objectives and
constraints are set up, but the problem setup is more complex. Although versions of
OptiStruct (including and beyond 5.0) will execute OptiStruct 3.5 decks flawlessly, users are
urged to create decks using the new optimization format. This section demonstrates how
objectives and constraints in OptiStruct 3.5 (such as comp, freq, wcomp, wfreq, and comb)
can be set up in OptiStruct 5.0 and higher.
The new optimization capabilities of OptiStruct 5.0 and higher will not be available if the old
format is used for the setup of the optimization problem (if matfrac, mini, maxi, ubcon, or
lbcon are present in the setup).
Minimize Compliance for Constrained Mass Fraction
In OptiStruct 3.5, two cards were used to do this kind of optimization: mini, comp and ubcon,
0.3, volume.
The new setup is as follows: mini, comp is replaced by DESOBJ(MIN) = 1 and ubcon, 0.3,
volume is replaced by DESGLB = 101. Three cards (two DRESP1s and one DCONSTR) defining
the responses and constraint values referenced in the header are added after the BEGIN BULK
statement as shown below:
$
DESGLB = 101
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 2
SPC = 1
DESOBJ(MIN) = 1
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 1, comp, COMP
DRESP1, 100, massf, MASSFRAC
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 0.300
$
Minimize Mass for Constrained Displacement
The deck setup for this problem is similar to the previous one. Since the objective is global
(mass), the DESOBJ statement goes outside of the load case definition. The constraint on
displacement is only active for the first load case; thus a DESSUB statement is used within
that load case.
$
DESOBJ(MIN) = 1
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD = 2
SPC = 1
DESSUB = 101

Altair Engineering
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 1, weight, MASS
$
DRESP1, 100, disp, DISP, , , 7, , 1202
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 1.4e-6
$
Minimize Weighted Compliance for Constrained Mass

OptiStruct provides the response type WCOMP, weighted
DRESP1 card. In addition, you need to define the weight
in the weighted compliance function. Note that both the
quantities (not specific to any single load case) and thus
occur before the load case declarations.
compliance, to be defined on the

factors for each load case included
objective and constraint are global
the DESOBJ and DESGLB statements
$
DESOBJ = 50
DESGLB = 101
$
SUBCASE 1
LOAD
= 2
SPC
= 1
WEIGHT = 2.0
$
SUBCASE 2
LOAD
= 3
SPC
= 1
WEIGHT = 1.0
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 50, wcomp, WCOMP
$
DRESP1, 100, weight, MASS
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 1.560
$
Maximize Frequency for Constrained Volume
The setup for this deck is similar to that for the first two decks except that, starting with
OptiStruct 5.0, the volume response now refers to the actual volume (not the volume
fraction).
$
DESGLB = 101
$
SUBCASE 1
METHOD = 2
SPC = 1
DESOBJ(MAX) = 1
$
Altair Engineering

BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 1, freq1, FREQ, , , 1
$
DRESP1, 100, vol, VOLUME
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 20000.0
$
Maximize Weighted Frequencies for Constrained Volume

In OptiStruct 3.5, the weighted frequency response (wfreq), was minimized since the inverse
of the eigenvalues was being summed together. This was done so that increasing the
frequencies of the lower modes would have a larger effect on the objective function than
increasing the frequencies of the higher modes. If the frequencies of all modes are simply
added together, OptiStruct will put more effort into increasing the higher modes than the
lower modes. Note that the DESOBJ statement goes above the first load case since wfreq is
a global response. To duplicate the frequency weighting and summing in OptiStruct 3.5, use
the following approach:
$
DESGLB = 101
$
DESOBJ(MIN) = 11
SUBCASE 1
METHOD
= 2
SPC
= 1
MODEWEIGHT, 1, 1.0
MODEWEIGHT, 2, 1.0
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 11, wfreq, WFREQ
$
DRESP1, 100, vol, VOLUME
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 20000.0
$
Minimize Combined Compliance and Frequencies for Constrained Volume Fraction

In OptiStruct 3.5, the combined reciprocal frequency and compliance response (comb)
required a normalization factor in order to properly add frequency values and compliance. The
equivalent setup for OptiStruct 5.0 and higher is shown below.
If no NORM is given, OptiStruct will evaluate the frequencies and compliances in the initial
iteration step to automatically select a NORM factor.
$
DESOBJ(MIN) = 50
DESGLB
= 101
$
NORM = 1000.0
$
SUBCASE 1

Altair Engineering
LOAD
= 2
SPC
= 1
WEIGHT = 1.0
$
SUBCASE 2
LOAD
= 3
SPC
= 1
WEIGHT = 1.0
$
SUBCASE 3
METHOD = 10
SPC
= 1
MODEWEIGHT, 1, 1.5
MODEWEIGHT, 2, 1.0
$
BEGIN BULK
$
DRESP1, 50, comp, COMB
$
DRESP1, 100, volf, VOLFRAC
DCONSTR, 101, 100, , 0.300
$
Altair Engineering

Previously Supported Input

BEAD (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
MASSTOH3D (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
ROTATION (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
DOPTPRM, MINMETH (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, PRTRENUM (Not Supported in 9.0 or Later Versions)
INFILE (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, GAPOFFST (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later Versions)
SET/PSET (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later Versions)
DENSRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later Versions)
SHRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later Versions)
FLSPOUT (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, INRGAP (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later Versions)
MODELMPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)
PARAM, AMLSASPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)
UPDATE (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)

Altair Engineering
BEAD (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)

Bulk Data Entry
BEAD Topography Design Variables
Description
Defines parameters for the generation of topography design variables.
Format
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
BEAD
BID
MW
ANG
BF
HGT
norm/
XD
YD
ZD
SKIP
FID/XF
YF
ZF
AID/XA
YA
ZA
LB
UB
TYP
SID/XS
YS
ZS
UC YC
Example
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
BEAD
3.0
60.0
yes
5.0
norm
both
0.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
25.0
0.0
50
1.0
0.0
0.0
Field
Contents
BID
PID or DID (Integer > 0; no default). This field can contain the PSHELL
or PCOMP property ID of the elements or the desvar number of any set
of DVGRIDs present in the deck to be optimized for topography. If field
6 contains data, OptiStruct will assume that the BEAD card references
a property, otherwise it assumes that the card references a DESVAR
and its corresponding DVGRIDs.
Altair Engineering

Field
Contents
MW
Bead minimum width (Real > 0.0; no default). This parameter controls
the width of the beads in the model [recommended value between 1.5
and 2.5 times the average element width]. See comment 1.
ANG
Draw angle in degrees (1.0 < Real < 89.0; no default). This parameter
controls the angle of the sides of the beads [recommended value
between 60 and 75 degrees]. See comment 1.
BF
Buffer zone (yes or no; default = yes). This parameter will establish
a buffer zone between elements in the design domain and elements
outside the design domain.
HGT
Draw height: (Real > 0.0; no default). This parameter sets the
maximum height of the beads to be drawn. This field is only valid if a
PID is declared in field 2.
norm/XD,YD,ZD Draw direction (norm in field 7 or Real in all three fields; default =
norm). If field 7 is norm, the shape variables will be created in the
normal directions of the elements. If all the fields are real, the shape
variable will be created in the direction specified by the xyz vector
defined by fields 7, 8, and 9. The X, Y, and Z values are in the basic
coordinate system. This field is only valid if a PID is declared in field 2.
SKIP
Boundary skip (both, bc, spc, load, or none; default = both). This
parameter tells OptiStruct to leave certain nodes out of the design
domain. If none, all nodes attached to elements whose PID was
specified in field 2 will be a part of the shape variables. If bc or spc,
any nodes which have SPC or SPC1 declarations are omitted from the
design domain. If load, any nodes which have FORCE, FORCE1,
MOMENT, MOMENT1, or SPCD declarations are omitted from the design
domain. If both, nodes with either spc or load declarations are
omitted from the design domain. This field is only valid if a PID is
declared in field 2.
FID/XF,YF,ZF
Direction of first vector for variable pattern grouping (Real in all three
fields or Integer in field 12; default = blank). These fields define an xyz
vector which determines how grids are grouped into variables. The X,
Y, and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a
grid ID in field 12 to define the first vector. This vector goes from the
anchor point to this grid. If all fields are blank and field 20 is not blank
or zero, OptiStruct gives an error.
AID/XA,YA,ZA
Variable grouping pattern anchor point (Real in all three fields or integer
in field 15; default = blank). These fields define a point which

Altair Engineering
Field
Contents
determines how grids are grouped into variables. The X, Y, and Z
values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid ID in
field 15 to define the anchor point.
LB
Lower bound on variables controlling grid movement (Real < UB, default
= 0.0). This sets the lower bound on grid movement equal to LB*HGT.
UB
Upper bound on variables controlling grid movement (Real > LB, default
= 1.0). This sets the upper bound on grid movement equal to UB*HGT.
TYP
Type of variable grouping pattern. (Integer > 0, default = 0) Required

if any symmetry or variable pattern grouping is desired. If zero or
blank, anchor node, first vector, and second vector definitions are
ignored. If less than 20, second vector definition is ignored.
SID/XS,YS,ZS
Direction used to determine second vector for variable pattern grouping

(Real in all three fields or Integer in field 22; default = blank). These
fields define an xyz vector which, when combined with the first vector,
form a plane. The second vector is calculated to lie in that plane and
is perpendicular to the first vector. The second vector is sometimes
required to determine how grids are grouped into variables. The X, Y,
and Z values are in the global coordinate system. You may put a grid
ID in field 22 to define the second vector. This vector goes from the
anchor point to this grid. If all fields are blank and field 20 contains a
value of 20 or higher, OptiStruct gives an error.
UCYC
Number of cyclical repetitions for cyclical symmetry (Integer > 0 or

blank; default = 0). This field defines the number of radial "wedges" for
cyclical symmetry. The angle of each wedge is computed as 360.0 /
UCYC.
Comments
1. The BEAD bulk data entry will no longer be supported for the definition of topography
optimization. All definitions must be provided using the DTPG bulk data entry. HyperMesh
will continue to read BEAD entries, but will convert them into DTPG entries.
Altair Engineering

DOPTPRM, MINMETH (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later

Versions)
Parameter
Values
Description
MINMETH
Integer = 1,2
Default = 2
Specifies the method of minimum member size control.

Method 2 is set as default since it achieves more
discrete solutions for most examples.

Altair Engineering
MASSTOH3D (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)

I/O Options Entry
MASSTOH3D - Output Request
Description
The MASSTOH3D command can be used in the I/O Options section to request the output of the
mass matrix to the .h3d file.
Format
MASSTOH3D = option
Argument Options
Description
option
YES, ALL, blank: Mass matrix is output to .h3d

file.
<YES, ALL, NO, NONE,

blank>
Default = ALL
Mass matrix is not output.
NO, NONE:
Comments
1.
Mass matrix is not output if this card is not present.
2.
This option is only for use with MotionView's MBD Flexbody utility.
Altair Engineering

ROTATION (Not Supported in 8.0 or Later Versions)

I/O Options Entry
ROTATION - Output Request
Description
The ROTATION command can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information sections to
request the output of rotation information for all subcases or individual subcases respectively.
Format
ROTATION (format, form) = option
Argument
Options
Description
format
<HM, H3D, OPTI,

PUNCH, OUTPUT2,
PATRAN, APATRAN,
blank>
HM:

H3D:

format (.h3d file).
OPTI:

results format (.disp file).
PUNCH:

OUTPUT2:

output2 format (.op2 file).
PATRAN:
Results are output in Patran format

(multiple files).
APATRAN:
Results are output in Alternative

Patran format (multiple files).
blank:

available.
Default = blank

Altair Engineering
Argument
Options
Description
form
<COMPLEX, REAL,
IMAG, PHASE,
BOTH>
COMPLEX, blank: Provides a combined magnitude/

the .res file if HM output format is
chosen. The REAL form of complex
output is used for other formats, if
they are not specifically defined.
(Phase output is in degrees).
Default = COMPLEX
option
REAL, IMAG:

and imaginary) of complex output.
PHASE:

BOTH:
Provides both polar and rectangular

<YES, ALL,
NO, NONE, SID>
YES, ALL, blank: Rotations are output for all nodes.
Default = ALL
NO, NONE:
Rotations are not output.
SID:
If a set ID is given, rotations are

output only for nodes listed in that
set.
Comments
1. When a ROTATION command is not present, rotations are not output.
2. The form argument is only applicable for frequency response analysis. It is ignored for
3. The form BOTH does not apply to the .frf output files. Results are output to these files
using the rectangular form of complex output when BOTH is the chosen form.
4. Multiple formats are allowed on the same entry; these should be comma separated. If no
Altair Engineering

5. Multiple instances of this card are allowed; if instances are conflicting, the last instance
dominates.
6. For optimization, the frequency of output to a given format is controlled by the I/O option
OUTPUT. In previous versions of OptiStruct, a combination of the I/O options FORMAT
and RESULTS were used; this method is still supported, but not recommended as it does
not allow different frequencies for different formats.

Altair Engineering
FLSPOUT (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later Versions)

FLSPOUT Output Request
Description
The FLSPOUT command can be used in the I/O Options section to control output of modal
participation factors for coupled fluid-structure models.
Format
FLSPOUT(argument = option, argument = option, ...)
Argument
Options
Description
FLUIDMP
<ALL, NONE>
Requests fluid participation calculation of fluid response on

selected fluid points.
Default = NONE
GRIDFMP
ALL:
Requests that all the fluid modes extracted be

used.
NONE:
Requests no participation calculation.
Requests inclusion or exclusion of specific fluid grids to be

used in all the requested types of participation
calculations.
<SID>
No default
SID:
FEPS
<Real>
Set identification number - Results are output

only for fluid grids listed in the selected set.
Filter Threshold for fluid participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
ARF
<Real>
Acceptance ratio for fluid participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
Altair Engineering

Argument
Options
Description
STRUCTMP
<ALL, NONE>
Requests structural, load, and panel participation

calculations on the selected fluid points.
Default = NONE
PANELMP
<ALL>
Default = ALL
ALL:
Requests that all the structural modes extracted

be used.
NONE:
Requests no participation calculation.
Requests inclusion or exclusion of panel participation

calculations on the selected fluid points.
ALL:
SEPS
<Real>
Requests that all the panels defined be included

in the participation calculations on the selected
fluid points.
Filter Threshold for structural participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
ARS
<Real>
Acceptance ratio for structural participation.
Default = 1.0e-11
PSORT
<ABSOLUTE>
Requests type of sort.
Default =
ABSOLUTE
Comments
1.
GRIDFMP is required for all FLSPOUT statements.
2.
FLUIDMP and STRUCTMP are required when PANELMP is defined.
3.
The output file name for modal participation is *.modal.

Altair Engineering
MODELMPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)

MODELMPC
Description
MODELMPC command can be used in the Subcase Information section while including h3d DMIG
in residual runs. This card converts interior DOFs of the DMIG to exterior DOFs.
Format
MODELMPC = setdof
Examples
MODELMPC = 100
SET,100,GRIDC,
+,10643,T1,10643,T2,10643,T3
Argument
Option
Description
setdof
< SID >
Interior DOF of h3d DMIG to be converted into exterior

DOF. SID refers to the ID of a SET of type GRIDC.
Comments
1.
After the conversion with MODELMPC, these DOFs are part of the analysis DOFs and can be
used as connection points, load DOFs, response DOFs during optimization.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, AMLSASPC (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later

Versions)
Parameter
AMLSASPC
Values
Description
0, 1
Default = 0
This parameter is used to indicate when to automatically

constrain degrees-of-freedom with no stiffness for AMLS
run.
If 0, then the constraints are applied before constraint
reduction.
If 1, then the constraints are applied after constraint
reduction.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, GAPOFFST (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later

Versions)
Parameter
Values
Description
GAPOFFST
YES, NO
Default = YES
If YES, frictional offset for nonlinear gap analysis is

active.
If NO, frictional offset for nonlinear gap analysis in
inactive.
For more details, refer to the PGAP description.
Altair Engineering

PARAM, INRGAP (Not Supported in 11.0 or Later

Versions)
Parameter
Values
Description
INRGAP
<YES, NO>
Default = NO
PARAM, INRGAP can be used during nonlinear gap analysis

to improve the performance for some models. In this
method, an internal super element which includes all of
the gap elements is created automatically, and the
nonlinear iterations are only processed in this super
element. If the degrees-of-freedom associated with gap
elements make up less than 3% of the total degrees-offreedom and the gap elements are concentrated in one
area of the model, this approach may be beneficial.
However, a performance gain is not guaranteed.

Altair Engineering
PARAM, PRTRENUM (Not Supported in 9.0 or Later

Versions)
Parameter
Values
Description
PRTRENUM
<YES, NO, LIST>

Default = YES
If YES, prints a warning message when element

nodes have been renumbered, including the number
of such elements. (Renumbering is applied to
elements that have node sequence reversed with
respect to the standard numbering as described on
respective bulk data cards).
If NO, no such message is printed.
If LIST, the warning message is printed for every
element where renumbering was necessary. The
message includes the node list before and after
renumbering.
Altair Engineering

UPDATE (Not Supported in 12.0 or Later Versions)

UPDATE Input Definition
Description
The UPDATE command controls the behavior of ASSIGN,UPDATE,<filename>.
Format
UPDATE option
Option
Description
off
Disable update.
permissive
Allow all cards and repeat IDs.
quiet
Less output [default].
strict
Do not allow non-supported cards in update deck

[default].
unique
Each ID only once.
verbose
More output including old and new values.
Example
UPDATE verbose,unique
Comments
1.
Choose only one option: verbose or quiet.
2.
Choose only one option: unique, strict, permissive, or off.

Altair Engineering
INFILE (Not Supported in 10.0 or Later Versions)

I/O Options Entry
INFILE - File Selection
Description
The INFILE command is used in the I/O Options section to identify the file containing the bulk
data entries.
Format
INFILE = option
Argument
Option
Description
option
<file prefix>
file prefix: The path to and prefix of the .fem

file containing the bulk data entries.
Default = passed
in from the
command line.
Comments
1. This card is used in the obsolete two-file setup; the one-file or multiple-file setups are
recommended (see The Input File for more information).
2. Prefixes specified on the INFILE card can be arbitrary file prefixes with optional paths
appropriate to the operating system (Windows or UNIX). They may be enclosed in
quotes (double or single quotes can be used), and either forward slash (/) or back slash
(\) characters can be used to separate parts of the path name.
The following rules are used to locate a file referenced on the INFILE card:
When the argument contains the absolute path of the file (if it starts with "/" on UNIX
or a drive letter, such as "D:", on Windows, for example), the file at the given location
is used.
When only the file prefix is given (without the path), the file has to be located in the
same directory as the file containing the INFILE command.
example), it is located in the directory relative to the file containing the INFILE
command and is NOT relative to the directory in which the solver was executed, or to
the directory where the main file is located.
3. The total length of information on this card is limited to 200 characters (including the card
Altair Engineering

SET/PSET (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later

Versions)
SET - Set Definition
PSET - Set Definition
Description
The SET and PSET commands can be used in the I/O Options or Subcase Information section
input deck to define sets of grids, elements, properties, or frequencies.
Format
SET n = i1, i2, , in
Integer sets are used for sets of grids,

elements, modes, and design variables.
SET n = r1, r2, , rn
Real value sets are used for frequencies or

times.
SET n = i1, c1, i2, c2, , in, cn
Sets of Gird/Component pairs are used for

PFMODE data.
Example:
SET 24 = 12, T1, 15, R2, 128, T3
(alternatively 12/T1, 15/R2, 128/T3 is
acceptable, see Guidelines for I/O Options
and Subcase Information Entries).
PSET n = PID1, PID2, , PIDn
Property identification numbers are used for

property set definition.
Comments
1.
Every SET must have a unique identification number, n, regardless of whether the SET is
defined within a subcase or in the I/O Options section. Also, a SET cannot have the same
ID as a PSET or the bulk data entries SET, SET1, or SURF.
2.
From 10.0 onwards, it is recommended to use the SET bulk data entry for set definitions.

Altair Engineering
DENSRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later

Versions)
I/O Options Entry
DENSRES - Output Control
Description
The DENSRES command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the frequency of
output of design results (density, shape, or thickness).
Format
DENSRES = frequency
Argument Options
Description
frequency
FIRST:
Optimization results are output for the first

iteration only.
LAST:
Optimization results are output for the final

iteration only.
FL:

and last iterations only.
ALL, blank:
Optimization results are output for all

iterations.
N:

and last iterations and every Nth iteration.
If N = 5, output occurs for iterations 0, 5,
10, 15, 20, and so on, and the final
iteration.
<FIRST, LAST,
FL, ALL, N>
Default = ALL
Comments
1.
This output control is ignored if OUTPUT, DESIGN is present.
2.
When the DENSRES command is not present, results are output for all iterations.
3.
From 10.0 onwards, it is recommended to use the OUTPUT I/O Option entry to control this
output.
Altair Engineering

SHRES (Not Recommended for use in 10.0 or Later

Versions)
I/O Options Entry
SHRES - Output Control
Description
The SHRES command can be used in the I/O Options section to control the frequency of
output of the state files (.sh file and the .grid file).
Format
SHRES = frequency
Argument
Options
Description
frequency
<FIRST, LAST,
FL, ALL, NONE, N>
FIRST:
The files are output for the first

iteration only.
LAST, blank:
The files are output for the final

iteration only.
FL:
The files are output for both the

first and last iterations.
ALL:
The files are output for all

iterations.
NONE:
The files are not output.
N:
The files are output for the first

and last iterations and for every
Nth iteration. If N = 5, output
occurs for iterations 0, 5, 10, 15,
20, and so on, and the final
iteration. All equation and
combination responses are output.
Default = LAST
Comments
1.
When a SHRES command is not present, state files are output for the final iteration only.
2.
The .grid file is only output for shape, topography, and free-shape optimization.

Altair Engineering
3.
For all .sh and .grid output files bar the last one, the files are named
<prefix><iter#>.sh(.grid). The last one is just named <prefix>.sh(.grid).
4.
The .grid file output may also be controlled by the GRID keyword on the OUTPUT card.
5.
From 10.0 onwards, it is recommended to use the OUTPUT I/O Option entry to control this
output.
Altair Engineering


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