INTRODUCTION

Heat exchangers are device that facilitate the exchange of heat between two fluids
that are at different temperatures while keeping them from mixing with each other. Heat
exchanger are commonly used in practice in a wide range of applications, from heating and
air-conditioning systems in a household, to chemical processing and power production in
large plants. Heat exchangers differ from mixing chambers in that they do not allow the two
fluids involved to mix.
The term refrigeration refer to the transfer of heat from a lower temperature to a
higher temperature one. Devices that produce refrigeration are called refrigerator, and the
cycles on which they operate are called refrigeration cycle. The most frequently used
refrigeration cycle is the vapour-compression refrigeration cycle in which the refrigerant is
vaporized and condensed alternately and is compressed in the vapour phase. Another wellknown refrigeration cycle is the gas refrigeration cycle which the refrigerant remains in the
gaseous phase throughout.
Air-conditioning is the process of treating air to control simultaneously its
temperature, humidity, cleanliness and distribution. The main purpose are to maintain a
living space or an industrial facility at the desired temperature and humidity by heating,
cooling, humidifying and dehumidifying. The applications of the air-conditioning are most in
the office building, residential, hospital and clean room. Air-conditioning is meant to provide
comfort zone, not a cooling zone. Human bodys comfort depends on 3 factors that are
temperature, humidity and air motion. Other factors effecting comfort are air cleanliness,
odour, radiation and etc.

CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS

QUESTION 1

0.003 m

T1

T2

1.0 cm

T1 = Th,in= 35 0C
T2 = Tc,in = - 26.37 0C
L=5m
K = 401 W/m.K
A = 0.75 m2
h= 2.5 kg/s
c= 0.05 kg/s

-50
-26.37
-26.1

1.23
1.27

1.005

300
308
350

1.008

= 0.02524

As= nDL

D=0.01m, L=5m, n=6

= 6 (0.01) (5)
= 0.9425 m2

QUESTION 2

T
2

1
4
S

QUESTION 3
T1 = 35C

1 = 70%

P = 100kPa

Psat@T1 = 5.6291 kPa

Pv= 3.9404 k
Pa = 100k 3.9404
= 96.05696 kPa

1 = 0.622 Pv/Pa
= 0.622* (3.9404/96.05696)
= 0.026 kg H2O/kg dry air

h1 = CpT1 + 1hg
= 1.005(35) + 0.026(2564.6)
= 101.8546 kJ/kg dry air

= 2.687 kW

1 = 2

= ma (h1 h2)
h2 = 48.12 kJ/kg dry air

h2= CpT2 + 2hg2

hg2 = 2500.9 + 1.82T2

T2 = -16.14C #

h3 = 2541.04
Q = h3 h2
= 2541.04 -48.12
= 2492.92 kW

(Refer Table, interpolation method) @ T3 = 22C

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AND SOCIETAL IMPACTS

Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) working fluids have been mainly chosen to replace
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) in refrigeration and air-conditioning due to high merits in safety,
performance and no effects on ozone depletion. HFC compounds generally have lower
global warming potential values than CFC, but these values are higher than for fluids such
as ammonia, hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. To minimize the impacts of HFCs on climate
change, it is important for industry to continue improving stewardship-in-use practices. This
includes selection of HFCs for applications with high societal value, and cradle-to-grave
management of emissions during HFC production, transportation, use, equipment servicing
and final recovery. Refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment is being designed and
operated for reduced HFC emissions and with improved energy efficiency for reduced
carbon dioxide emissions.
For high societal value refrigeration and air-conditioning applications, HFCs are
prime candidates for reducing net emissions. Very specifically, at equivalent cost of other
options, climate change impact from minimal refrigerant emission can be more the offset by
improved energy efficiency thereby reducing carbon dioxide emission, while meeting
reliability and safety requirements.
Installing air-conditioning in all homes in geographic settings where temperature rise
to the point of potentially compromising health is not a sustainable or realistic public health
recommendation. Providing air-conditioned public spaces where people can come in hot
weather for relief and health protection. Providing a cool environment through use of this
technology will continue to be part of prevention strategies in many areas. Future studies
could evaluate trade-offs in the use of air-conditioning, include weather exposure to abrupt
changes of temperature when going in and out of air-conditioned spaces can have adverse
physiological effects.
At the same time, energy assistance to the poor as well as improvement of social
conditions could reduce disparities in the impacts of heat mortality. Alliances between health
researchers and policy makers will be needed to make the case for approaches that
advance the dual goals of showing pace of climate change while still protecting vulnerable
populations from the health consequences of increasing global temperatures.

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

MEC 551 Thermal Engineering, Mc Graw Hill, 2011

MEC 551 slide notes
docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1520&context=iracc'
www.hsph.harvard.edu c arc pubs endnote53-o ne .pdf
http://www.livestrong.com/article/160205-negative-health-effects-of-central-airconditioning/