CH 8- Multiple Integrals

• Recall (definite integral)

n ∗
lim ∑ f ( xk )Δx
n →∞ k =1
1. Double
Integrals

( xi∗ , yi∗ )ΔAi

 n = 256
n = 16
n = 64
 Geometrical Meaning
♣ If f(x,y) ≥ 0, then

= the volume of
the solid as shown.
Properties of Double Integrals
 2. Evaluation of * *
(1) Rectangular regions
♣ The above result was
proved by Italian
mathematician Fubini
(1907) under the
condition that f(x,y) is
continuous throughout
the region R.
Guido Fubini
(1879-1943)
♣
♣
 (*)

(*)

Remark. If f(x,y) = g(x) h(y), then

How to evaluate

∫∫R
f ( x, y )dA
efficiently ?
 General regions — Type A

♣ The region R :
 General regions — Type B

♣ The region R :
(♣) Find xy dA ,

(Type A) 1. Sketch
2. y-limits
3. x-limits

(♣) =

=½ = = 1⁄ 24.
(♣) Find xy dA ,

(Type B) 1. Sketch
2. x-limits
3. y-limits

(♣) =

=½ =½ (y² − y³)dy = 1⁄ 24
(♣) Evaluate where R :

(Type B)

(♣) = ???
(♣) Evaluate where R :

(Type A)
(♣)
=
(♣) Evaluate

(1) Type A or B ? (B)

(2) Identify R
(♣) =
3.Double Integral in Polar Coordinates
● Circle
R:

y
● Sector of a circle
R:
R
60o
x
1
● Ring
R:

● Polar rectangle
R:
 Change of variables

♣ (x, y) → (r, θ), → ?

(x, y)

→
♣ If R :

then
♣ Evaluate

R:
 Applications
♣ Volume
Suppose D is a solid
under the surface f(x,y)
over a plane region R.
Then the volume of D
is given by
Elliptic paraboloid
♣

The
♣
●
♣ Surface area
●

x2 + 4 − x2
4 − x2

x2 + 4 − x2
4 − x2

π 1
sin =
6 2
♣ Mass & center of gravity
If a lamina with a continuous density fn δ(x,y)
occupies a region R in the xy-plane, its total
mass M is given by

& its center of gravity is

●
♣ Find the center of gravity of the triangular
lamina with vertices (0,0),
(0,1)
(0,1) & (1,0), & density
(1,0)
function δ(x,y) = xy.
● For the center of gravity,

Thus
 5. Triple Integral
Recall :

n ∗
lim ∑ f ( xk )Δx
n →∞ k =1
●

∗ ∗
( xi , yi )ΔAi
●
●

f(x,y,z) is defined on D
 Physical Meaning of --------------
• No direct geometrical meaning for

• If

• If f represents certain physical quantity, then

may have some physical meaning.
♣

Now, suppose the density is a fn δ(x,y,z) defined

on D.

& so
♣ Evaluation of triple integral
(♣) Evaluate

(♣) =

= ····· = 1