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Introduction:
Nepals present power system scenario/Present Crisis
Initiatives to address the problem
Projects undertaken by NEA for Development
Master plan study of Medium Storage Projects
Challanges, Opportunities and Way forward
Introduction
Hydro 708.519 MW
Thermal 53.41 MW
NEA 477.93 MW
IPP 230.58 MW
ROR 616.519 MW
Storage 92 MW
146%
648 946
Demand
Installed Capacity
800
116%
616 706
700
600
MW 500
400
300
200
100
0
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
Year
Demand has increased to 46% from the year 2006/7 to 2010/11, where
as system installed capacity has increased only 16%
2013 System max demand : 1094.62 MW
2013 System energy demand : 5446.285 GWH
Source: A Year Review Fiscal Year 2006/07 - 2012/13, NEA
Availability of Power
97%
100
90%
90
80
Supply Ratio =
Actual Supply / Total Demand 100%
kWh
kW
70
65%
60
54%
50
40
30
20
10
0
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
From the year 2006/07 to 2010/11, energy supply ratio has dropped from 97% to 65%.
Peak Power dropped from 90% to 54%.
Max demand (2013): 1094 MW; Energy demand: 5446.285 GWH
Note: On the peak day of the year
Source: A Year Review Fiscal Year 2006/07 - 2012/13, NEA
Seasonal fluctuation of
Power Supply
Wet
Season
Dry Season
Wet Season
GWh
Wet
Season
200,000
150,000
100,000
Ashad
(Jun-Jul '11)
Jestha
(May-Jun '11)
Baishakh
(Apr-May '11)
Chaitra
(Mar-Apr '11)
Falgun
(Feb-Mar '11)
Magh
(Jan-Feb '11)
Poush
(Dec '10-Jan '11)
Mangsir
(Nov-Dec '10)
Kartik
(Oct-Nov 2010)
Ashwin
(Sept-Oct '10)
Bhadra
(Aug-Sept 2010)
Shrawan
(July-Aug '10)
50,000
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Wet
Seas
on
Peak Power
Demand
Peak Energy
Demand
July
August
Septem
October
Novemb
December
January
February
March
April
May
June
250,000
DrySeason
-The fluctuation in Maximum demand and Energy demand through the year is about 9%
and 13% respectively.
-The seasonal fluctuation is about 55%.
January flow in the river is about 6.34% to 17.36% of the maximum annual
flow.
Middle Marshyangdi
1600.00
1400.00
Budhi Ganga
1200.00
Kabeli
1000.00
800.00
Rahughat
600.00
Upper Arun
400.00
200.00
Upper Karnali
Months
Jun
May
Apr
Mar
Feb
Jan
Dec
Nov
Oct
Sep
Aug
0.00
July
Kali Gandaki A
Marshyangdi
Arun III
Load gap
Antidote of this problem is to build HYDRO
PROJECTS including STORAGE PROJECTS.
(Hydro+Thermal+Others)
Kulekhani I & II
Power interruption
DMS
Load shedding
400.00
Load shedding
350.00
300.00
250.00
200.00
Kulekhani I & II
150.00
100.00
(Hydro+Thermal+
Others)
50.00
0.00
1
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Time (Hours)
20,000
15,000
Energy demand in 2012 (5,380
GWh)
10,000
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
5,000
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
Demand
capacity
gap
(4,150 MW)
1,000
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
500
ROR-type Generation
Overflow (not utilized)
Q
(P)
Shortage
Max. Power Discharge
(Installed Capacity)
Wet Season
Dry Season
Storage-type Generation
Inflow
Storage
Q
(P)
Outflow
Wet Season
Supply
Dry Season
Tamakoshi V HEP
87 MW
335 MW
42 MW
300 MW
660 MW
180 MW
530 MW
210 MW
190 MW
140 MW
17 MW
Indrawati HEP
92 MW
410 MW
Tamakoshi V HEP
A DIT 1, L = 1 30 m
TAMAK OS HI V INLET
FSL = 1 15 4.42
A D IT 2 , L = 210m
HR
TL
=8 2
1
5m,
D=
5.6m
TAILR AC E TUNNEL
A DIT 3,L=12 0m
S URGE TANK
Installed Capacity 87 MW
Average Energy output 460.5GWH
Gross Head 160.93 m
Design Discharge 66m3/sec
Interconnection System with UTHEP
8.20 Km long Headrace Tunnel
Under ground Powerhouse
With Rolwaling
160.93 m
149.61 m
87 MW
462.53 GWh
65.79 GWh
396.74 GWh
Dam Site
Powerhouse Site
Arun River
Catchment area 30,400.00 Sq.km. of which 25,300.00 Sq.km. lies within Tibet. This
gives very high firm discharge and low flood discharge
Sound geology
Gross Head 492.00 m
As per feasibility study the Project cost is 479.58 million US$. Unit cost per
Kilowatt less than 1500 US$. Benefit Cost ratio is 1.69 %
Total annual energy generation is 2050.00 GWh. Installed capacity is 335.00 MW
Main Features
Upper Arun
Installed Capacity 42 MW
Average Energy output 214.87 GWh
Gross Head 287.69 m
Design Discharge 17.60 m3/sec
5.948 Km long Headrace Tunnel
Surface Powerhouse
287.69 m
149.61 m
42 MW
214.87 GWh
33.27
GWh
181.67 GWh
78.73 Million
Financial cost in US $
Debt/equity ratio
Interest Rate on Debt
Return on Equity
Energy Cost Rs/ Kwh
PROJECT LOCATION
Dudh koshi
Khotang/Okhaldhunga District,
Eastern Development Region
P
O
W
E
R
H
O
U
S
E
D
A
PM
H
a
l
t
2
Dudhkoshi Storage
HEP
Introduction
The Medium Hydropower Project of NEA carried out the Feasibility Study of the
project in 1998.
Review of Development Plan on the Sunkoshi River and Dudh Koshi River was
done in 2011.
The development plan reviewed the project based on the Sapta Koshi High Dam
Multipurpose Project
Since the high water elevation of the SaptaKoshi HDMP was fixed at 335.3 amsl
the powerhouse of Dudhkoshi needed to be shifted upstream.
Three major alternatives were proposed.
Alt I:
Original dam site+waterway+undewrground powerhouse near Sunkoshi River
Alt II:
Original dam site+surface powerhouse site downstream of Dam body (Toe)
Alt III:
Case II+alternative dam site+surface powerhoouse
4100 Km2
136m3/s and 249.3 m
687.4 Mm3
300 MW
1806 GWh & 360 GWh & 192 GWh
Main Dam
Tunnel Type
Tunnel Diameter & Length
Surge Tank dia & height
Penstock Type
Type of Powerhouse
Turbine
Transmission Line
15.06%
1.61
It is located in Nawalparasi, Tahanu, Palpa and Syangja districts having 11,374 Km2 catchment
area of Western Development Region.
It is Storage type of HEP with 177m high Rockfill Dam.
The Installed capacity is 660 MW with 6 nos. of Francis Turbine each of 110 MW. The
reservoir full supply level is 375 m.
As per pre feasibility study (1985 A.D) the Project cost was 1231.78 million US$.
Unit cost per Kilowatt is about1866 US$. The annual energy generation is 3470 GWh.
Nepal Electricity Authority has applied for survey license dated on 2068/12/13. The feasibility
study is ongoing.
As per feasibility study (1998 A.D) the Installed capacity is 180 MW. The project cost 374
million US$. Unit cost per Kilowatt is about 2077.78 US$. The annual energy generation is
693 GWh. The Benefit-Cost ratio of the project is 1.56 with attractive economic parameter,
IIR= 15.11%
Nepal Electricity Authority has applied for survey license dated on 2068/12/13. The feasibility
study was completed and revised feasibility study is ongoing.
As per pre feasibility study (2011 A.D), the Installed capacity is 530 MW with 6 nos of
unit each of 93.5 MW. The project cost was 1450 million US$. Unit cost per Kilowatt is
about 2735.85 US$. The annual energy generation is 2736.30 GWh.
Nepal Electricity Authority has applied for survey license dated on 2068/11/04. The feasibility
study is ongoing.
As per feasibility study (2004 A.D) The installed capacity is 210 MW. The project cost
was 798.96 million US$. Unit cost per Kilowatt is about 3804.57 US$. The annual energy
generation is 1297.00 GWh. The Benefit-Cost ratio of the project is 1.91 with attractive
economic parameter, IIR= 17.17%
Nepal Electricity Authority has applied for survey license dated on 2068/12/13. The feasibility
study is ongoing.
: 28
: 30
: 44
Coarse screening and ranking of 102 projects are carried out based on the Technoenvironmental aspects and some Threshold Criteria. From Coarse Screening Ten Storage
Projects were selected for the Fine Screening and Ranking.
S.No.
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
10
Total Score
62
62
67
68
62
62
63
61
66
55
Evaluation Results of
Promising Projects
JICA and NEA study team
Technical and
Economical 50
Conditions
Subcategory
Hydrological
Conditions
25
Geological
Conditions
25
Lead Time
20
Effectiveness of
Project
30
Impact on
50
Natural Environment
Impact on
Environment
50
Impact on
Social Environment
50
Evaluation Item
Reliability of flow data
Risk of GLOF
Sedimentation
Seismicity
Geological conditions of the site
Natural hazard (earthquake)
Length of access road
Difficulty level of funding
Reliability of development plan
Unit generation cost
Installed capacity
Annual energy production
Energy production in the dry season
Impact on forest
Impact on natural reserve
Impact on fishes
Impact on protected species
Impact on locality by construction of
transmission line
Impact on household
Impact on agriculture
Impact on ethnic minority
Impact on tourism
Total
%
25
40
35
30
40
30
25
35
40
25
20
20
35
25
30
20
25
Point
3.13
5.00
4.37
3.75
5.00
3.75
2.50
3.50
4.00
3.75
3.00
3.00
5.25
6.25
7.50
5.00
6.25
20
5.00
25
20
20
15
6.25
5.00
5.00
3.75
100
Survey Methods
Items
Methods
Date
Geological survey
May 2012
to
Oct.2012
Biological survey
May 2012
to
Oct.2012
Social survey
May 2012
to
Oct.2012
No.
W-06
W-05
W-23
W-12
W-20
E-01
W-02
W-25
W-10
E-12
E-17
E-02
E-06
C-02
C-08
W-03
Project Name
Madi
Lower Jhimruk
Nalsyagu Gad
Tila - 1
Bhanakot
Dudh Koshi
Chera-1
Naumure (W. Rapti)
Sharada - 2
Tama Koss-3
Sunkosi No.3
Dukh Koshi-2
Kokhajor-1
Lower Badigad
Andhi Khola
Chera-2
P (MW)
199.8
142.5
400.0
617.2
810.0
300.0
148.7
245.0
96.8
287.0
536.0
456.6
111.5
380.3
180.0
104.3
Score
76
71
68
66
66
65
65
65
64
63
63
62
62
62
62
62
Ranking
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
No.
C-11
W-01
W-21
E-10
E-09
W-11
E-20
W-22
C-01
W-24
C-05
C-18
W-17
C-03
W-26
Project Name
Madi- Ishaneshor
Barbung Khola
Thapna
Rosi-2
Piluwa-2
Thuli Gad - 2
Indrawati
SR-6
Kaligandaki-Modi
Sarada Babai
Upper Daraudi
Ridi Khola
BR-4
Lower Daraudi
Lohare Khola
P (MW)
86.0
122.9
500.0
106.5
107.3
119.7
91.2
642.0
816.4
75.0
111.4
97.0
667.0
120.2
67.0
Score
61
61
61
60
59
59
58
58
57
57
53
53
51
50
50
Capacity
MW
Region
District
Madi
199.8
Western
Rolpa
Lower Jhimruk
142.5
Western
Arghakhachi,
Pyuthan
Nalsyau Gad
400
Western
Jajarkot
Dudh Koshi
300
Eastern
Okhaldhunga,
Khotan
Chera-1
148.7
Western
Jajarkot
Sun Koshi
No.3
536
Eastern
Ramechhap
Naumure
245
Western
Argakhanchi,
Pyuthan
Andhi Khola
180
Central
Syangja
Lower Badigad
380.3
Central
Gulmi
Kokhajor
111.5
Eastern
Sinduli
Not more than 5 projects from the Each River Basin is Selected.
5 projects from Western River Basin
3 projects from Eastern River Basin
2 projects from Central River Basin
Chera -1
W-02 Chera-1
Location: Jajarkot
Installed Capacity: 148.7MW
Dam height: 186m
FSL: 866m
Effective Storage Vol.: 141
MCM
Reservoir area: 4 km2
Project Cost: 452 MUS$
Unit generation cost: 8 /kWh
Annual Energy: 620 GWh
Resettlement: 566
W-02 Chera-1
Chera -1
Lower Jhimruk
The powerhouse
and dams are
located in the
reservoir of
Naumure project
Lower Jhimruk
High biodiversity
Madi
W-06 Madi
Location: Rolpa
Installed Capacity: 199.8 MW
Dam height: 190m
FSL: 1,090 m
Effective Storage Vol.: 235
MCM
Reservoir area: 7.7 km2
Project Cost: 499 MUS$
Unit generation cost: 8
/kWh
Annual Energy: 621 GWh
Resettlement: 336
Madi
Further study is
needed to confirm
the water tightness
of limestone in
reservoir area and
dam site
-Paved road 10 km
-Gravel road 21 km
-Hydropower 4 (0.23 mw)
-Drinking Water Schemes
22
W-06 Madi
Nalsyau Gad
Nalsyau Gad
Naumure
The powerhouse
and dam of Lower
Jhimruk Project is
located in the
reservoir.
Naumure
Assumed
instability of
reservoir
surrounding
slopes where
rocks are
influenced by
MBT.
Lower Badigad
Rapid
Sedimentation due
to the large-scale
landslide at the
fault zone in the
reservoir area.
Instability of
dam site
where an
active fault
passes
-Resettlement
1606 HH
-Ethnic minority 5
-Cultivated land
(5.90 km2)
-Occupational
Fishermen 86
-Temples 9
-Suspension Bridges
15
-Hydropower (28 kw
& 0.7 MW)
-Drinking Water
Schemes 29
Andhi Khola
House
Andhi Khola
Instable and
permeable dam
site where thick
terrace deposits
exist.
Hydropower
Project 11
MW
Dudh Koshi
Risk of GLOF
Instability of head
race tunnel walls
caused by thick
over burden of >
1000m thick
Dudh Koshi
Dudh Koshi
Kokhajor-1
E-06 Kokhajor-1
Location: Sinduli,
Kabhrepalanchok
Installed Capacity: 111.5 MW
Dam height: 107 m
FSL: 437 m
Effective Storage Vol.: 166 MCM
Reservoir area: 4.6 km2
Project Cost: 379 MUS$
Unit generation cost: 13.6
/kWh
Annual Energy: 279 GWh
Kokhajor-1
Not enough
watertightness of
reservoir area
underlain by not
well cemented rock
(Upper Siwaliks)
-Ethnic minority 5
-Development plan
6
E-06 Kokhajor-1
Sunkoshi-3
Risk of GLOF
Sun Koshi No.3
Location: Ramechhap,
Kabhrepalanchok,
Sindhupalchok
Installed Capacity: 536 MW
Dam height: 140 m
FSL: 700 m
Effective Storage Vol.: 555
MCM
Reservoir area: 30.1 km2
Project Cost: 1,289 MUS$
Unit generation cost: 6.8
/kWh
Sunkoshi-3
Assumed
instability of
reservoir
surrounding
slopes covered
with colluvium.
Sunkoshi-3
Challenges
Load shedding has Negative impact on Industries, commerce,
employment and national economy, social disorder and resentment
Declining overall rate of countrys development
Reduced export and increasing import
IPPs discouraged for investing in HEPs
NEAs financial health declining
Energy surpluses in wet season and deficit in dry season
(Q40 design). Management of surplus energy.
Favorable PPA for all investors
Nepal Governments Ten year 10,000 MW and 20 Year 25 000 MW
Plan implementation.
Way forward
Opportunities
NEA
Investors
Domestic
and
foreigners
Profitable
NEA/IPPs
and
No load
shedding
Government
and political
parties
IPPs
Thank you!
.