Location :

Project :

BORE PILES IN
0

-16

INPUT
Depth
Below
GL or
Chart
Datum
m
0
-0.5
-1
-3.5
-4
-7
-7.5
-9.5
-10
-11.5
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22

Navlakhi

kg/cm2
0
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2

kg/cm2
0
0.00
0.29
0.29
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52

Drgree
0
0
13
13
27
27
27
27
29
29
10
10
20
20
20
20

tonne
cm

Qhg =
Mg =
Soil Properties For PY
Cu
0.6

Soil
Density

Coefficient of Earth Pressure

Adhesion Factor
Design Load
Pile Dia. In CM
Factor of safety for Skin Friction
Factor of safety for end bearing
Factor of safety overall

qu
1.6

SOIL

Cohesion

Unconfined
Compressive
Strength

nh

TYPICAL VALUES OF
Soil Type
Dry
Loose Sand
0.26
Medium Sand
0.775
Dense Sand
2.076
Very loose sand under repeated loading
Choose value of nh =
0.146
Ref. IS : 2911 (Part 1. Sec. 2)
Concrete Mix M
35

kg/cm3
0
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1
h
100
75
2
2
2.5

tonne
50
tm
100
c=cohesive
n=non-cohesive
c

(kg/cm3)
Submerged
0.146
0.526
1.245
0.041

VK BHAVADASAN

VK Bhavadasan

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

Depth vs Load

400

350

Ultimate Skin Friction

Ultimate End Bearing
300

Total safe Load

Total Design Load

Load

250

200

150

100

50

0
0

-0.5

-1

-3.5

-4

-7

-7.5

-9.5

-10

-11.5

-12

-14

-16

-18

-20

-22

Depth

SAFE AT
-16

bhavadasanv@yahoo.com

VK Bhavadasan

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

Deph
Of
Pile
0
-0.5
-1
-3.5
-4
-7
-7.5
-9.5
-10
-11.5
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22

VK Bhavadasan

Ultimate
Skin
Friction
0
0
6.136334
36.818
43.66894
84.77455
91.62549
119.0292
125.9719
146.7998
154.3783
184.6925
223.8492
263.0058
302.1625
341.3192

Ultimate
End
Bearing
0
0
12.16544
55.22248
52.79632
65.27971
65.27971
85.33399
85.51227
10.50969
29.61488
46.51619
46.51619
46.51619
46.51619
20.67561

Total
safe
Load
0
0
7.32071
36.81619
38.5861
60.0217
62.76208
81.74529
84.59365
62.92378
73.59728
92.48347
108.1461
123.8088
139.4715
144.7979

Design
Load
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

Piles in Soil Intermediate Between Sand and Clay

3
1] When Piles are installed in SANDY CLAY, which are predominantly Cohesive in character the Skin
friction and end bearing resistance should be calculated assuming 0
2] When Pile is installed in CLAYEY SAND where the Cohesion is relatively small, the carrying capacity shall
be calculated assuming C = 0
3] In SANDY CLAY or SANDY SILTS and SILTY or CLAYEY SANDS, which possess appreciable cohesion
and frictional components, can be termed as C - soil, and the ultimate capacity can be estimated using
equation below.

Q A q C K (tan )d A
p ult

up

Granular Soil
ULTIMATE POINT RESISTANCE (General Approach)
The ultimate point resistance does not necessarly increase with depth, and vertical effective stress is not
equal to the effective overburdon pressure but reaches a limiting value Zc. The ratio Zc/D , falling in the
range of 5 to 20 is given in Fig. 03
There is a wide variation in the values recomented for Nq as showen in Fig. 05. Nq value established by
Berezantsev (1961) confirm to practical criteria of Pile faliure. For values of Nq, the graph provided in IS
2911 is adopted which is based on Berezantsev's curve up to 35 degree and Vesic's curve beyond 35
degree, as shown in Fig. 04.
ULTIMATE SKIN FRICTION
The value of skin friction coefficient is influenced by many factors; including angle of internal friction, method
of instalation, pile material, shape etc. For bore pile in which bore holes are stablised by bentonite this value
may be estimated assuming K = 1

Cohesive Soil
ULTIMATE POINT RESISTANCE (General Approach)
The value of Nc used in the design is as that proposed by Skempton (1961). For circular area, the value
increases from 6.14 to a limiting value of 9 for depths greater than 4 times diameter.The values are shown in
table No. 01
PILE - SOIL ADHESION
The pile - soil adhesion depends on various factors. For simplicity, Ca has been related to undrained
cohesion Cu of soil. The ratio Ca / Cu is termed as adhesion factor. The adhesion factor is taken as shown
in Figure No. 01.The Australian Code AS 2159 provides higher values of adhesion factor, while Dr.NV Nayak
propose adhesion factor as 1 for bored cast in situ RCC piles in all clay of any consistency.
Two values for adhesion factor are drawn in the graph. The lower value is as given in Ref. Book by Dr. NV
Nayak, (p.No.166). The Higher values as per Australian Code. By entering "L" or "H" appropriate value for
adhesion factor can be selected.
LATERAL RESISTANCE - ELASTIC METHOD
A vertical pile resist horizontal loads when reaction in the surrounding soil is moblised. The behaviour of soil
in such loading condition depends on the relative stiffness of soil and the pile.

EI
Relative Stiffness, T is given by the formula

T
Where:

E = Modulas of Elasticity of pile

I = Moment of Inertia
Nh = Unit Modulus of Subgrade Reaction

Qh

Deflection Y is given by the firmula y

Shear =

VK Bhavadasan

M M
A

V V

V B

EI

Moment =

M gT

Ay EI B y

Q T A M B
m

hg

Q A M
hg

BV

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

Soil Reaction =

Qhg
M
A p 2g
p p A p B
T
T

X
X

Output
Safe load at various depths
Depth
Ultimate
Ultimate
Skin
End
Friction
Bearing
0
0
0
-0.5
0.00
0.00
-1
6.14
12.17
-3.5
36.82
55.22
-4
43.67
52.80
-7
84.77
65.28

B p

Ultimate
Pile
Capacity
0
0.00
18.30
92.04
96.47
150.05

0
0.00
7.32
36.82
38.59
60.02
62.76
81.75
84.59
62.92
73.60
92.48
108.15
123.81
139.47
144.80

-7.5
-9.5
-10
-11.5
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22

91.63
119.03
125.97
146.80
154.38
184.69
223.85
263.01
302.16
341.32

65.28
85.33
85.51
10.51
29.61
46.52
46.52
46.52
46.52
20.68

156.91
204.36
211.48
157.31
183.99
231.21
270.37
309.52
348.68
361.99

EI / kh

EI

5xT

1.60

41935.20

16.00

7.99

Safe
Load

Design
Load
100

Pile
Diimetre
75

Pile is a long elastic pile,Reese and Matlock method is applicable

Ref:
1 FOUNDATION DESIGN MANUAL By Dr.Narayan V Nayak
2 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS AND RETAINING STRUCTURES By Dr. Shamsher Prakesh

VK Bhavadasan

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

5
Fig. 01

ADHESION FACTOR
1.20

Adhesion Factor

1.00

0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

Cohesion kg/cm2

Adhesion Factor

Adhesion Factor as per Australian Code

Fig. 02
Nc

10

9
8
7
6

Table 01

Nc

Cohesive Soils
End-bearing
L/d
Nc
0
6.14
1
7.6
2
8.3
3
8.8
4
9

3
2

1
0

Fig. 03
Critical Depth

25
20

z/D

15

10
5
0
25

VK Bhavadasan

30

35
Angle

12th January 2004

40

45

12/8/2014

Fig. 04

BEARING CAPACITY FACTOR - Nq

1000.00

Nq

100.00

10.00

1.00
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445

Angle of internal friction

bhavadasanv@yahoo.com

VK Bhavadasan

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

7
Fig. 05

VK Bhavadasan

12th January 2004

12/8/2014

Mg
t-m
100.00
Length
m
0
-0.160
-0.319
-0.479
-0.639
-0.799
-0.958
-1.118
-1.278
-1.438
-1.597
-1.917
-2.236
-2.556
-2.875
-3.195
-4.792
-6.390
-7.987

Qhg
t
50.00
V
t
113

Mg
t-m
100.00
Length
m
0

-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-3
-4
-5

112
110
108
104
99
94
88
82
75
68
54
40
28
16
7
-14
-8
-1

-0.160
-0.319
-0.479
-0.639
-0.799
-0.958
-1.118
-1.278
-1.438
-1.597
-1.917
-2.236
-2.556
-2.875
-3.195
-4.792
-6.390
-7.987

0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-3
-4
-5
T
m
1.60
Z

VK Bhavadasan

8
Depth vs Moment

Am

Bm

0
-50

50

0 100
0.1
0.198
0.291
0.379
0.459
0.532
0.595
0.649
0.693
0.727
0.767
0.772
0.746
0.696
0.628
0.225
0
Moment - t-m
-0.033

-1
-2
-3
Depth - m

Qhg
t
50.00
M
t-m
100
108
116
123
129
134
138
141
143
144
143
139
130
119
105
91
24
-4
-5

-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

1 150
1
0.999
0.994
0.987
0.976
0.96
0.939
0.914
0.885
0.852
0.775
0.688
0.594
0.498
0.404
0.059
-0.042
-0.026

200

Depth vs Shear Force

Av

Bv

0
-50

-1

-2
-3
Depth - m

T
m
1.60
Z

-4
-5
-6
-7

-8
-9

12th January 2004

1 50

100

150

0.989
1
0.956
0.999
0.906
0.994
0.84
0.987
0.764
0.976
0.677
0.96
0.585
0.939
0.489
0.914
0.392
0.885
0.295
0.852
0.109
0.775
-0.056
0.688
-0.193
0.594
-0.298
0.498
-0.371
0.404
-0.349
0.059
Shear Force - t-0.042
-0.106
0.013
-0.026

12/8/2014

Qhg
t
50.00

Mg
t-m
100.00

0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-3
-4
-5

mm
2.17
1.99
1.81
1.64
1.48
1.33
1.18
1.05
0.92
0.80
0.69
0.49
0.33
0.20
0.10
0.03
-0.09
-0.04
0.00

Legth
m
0
-0.159738702
-0.319477403
-0.479216105
-0.638954806
-0.798693508
-0.958432209
-1.118170911
-1.277909612
-1.437648314
-1.597387015
-1.916864418
-2.236341821
-2.555819224
-2.875296627
-3.19477403
-4.792161045
-6.38954806
-7.986935075

Depth - m

T
m
1.60

Qhg
t
50.00

Mg
t-m
100.00

EI
t-m2
41935.19979

Legth

0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1
-1.2
-1.4
-1.6
-1.8
-2
-3
-4
-5

t/m
0
-12.78796192
-23.35938564
-31.78476268
-38.18955353
-42.81653385
-45.75197373
-47.23864884
-47.38624111
-46.37492398
-44.37698159
-38.20451704
-29.97304392
-20.90432989
-11.81271604
-3.371560438
17.57708005
9.748911731
1.361470643

m
0
-0.159738702
-0.319477403
-0.479216105
-0.638954806
-0.798693508
-0.958432209
-1.118170911
-1.277909612
-1.437648314
-1.597387015
-1.916864418
-2.236341821
-2.555819224
-2.875296627
-3.19477403
-4.792161045
-6.38954806
-7.986935075

VK Bhavadasan

EI
t-m4
41935.20

Depth vs Deflection
Ay
By

-0.50

0
0.00
-1
-2
-3
-4

-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

2.435
1.623
2.273
1.453 1.50
0.50
1.00
2.112
1.293
1.952
1.143
1.796
1.003
1.644
0.873
1.496
0.752
1.353
0.642
1.216
0.54
1.086
0.448
0.962
0.364
0.738
0.223
0.544
0.112
0.381
0.029
0.247
-0.03
0.142
-0.07
-0.075
-0.089
-0.05 Deflection
-0.028
- mm
-0.009
0

Ap

2.00

2.50

Bp

Depth vs Soil Reaction

-60

Depth - m

T
m
1.60

0
0
0
-0.227
-0.145
-40
-20
0
-0.422
-0.259
-1
-0.586
-0.343
-2
-0.718
-0.401
-0.822
-0.436
-3
-0.897
-0.451
-0.947
-0.449
-4
-0.973
-0.432
-0.977
-0.403
-5
-0.962
-0.364
-0.885
-0.268
-6
-0.761
-0.157
-7
-0.609
-0.047
-0.445
0.054
-8
-0.283
0.14
0.226
0.268
-9
0.1855
0.1006
Soil Reaction - t/m
0.046
-0.002

12th January 2004

20

40

12/8/2014

1
Base diameter or
75width mm
Shape
r
Depth
Pile
Adhesion
Dia
Factor
Depth
75
0
75
1
-0.5
75
1
-1
75
1
-3.5
75
1
-4
75
1
-7
75
1
-7.5
75
1
-9.5
75
1
-10
75
1
-11.5
75
0.898
-12
75
0.898
-14
75
0.898
-16
75
0.898
-18
75
0.898
-20
75
0.898
-22

r=round
s=square
l
Depth
Incriment

Cu
0
0
0.29
0.29
0.072
0.072
0.072
0.072
0.035
0.035
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52
0.52

0.5
0.5
2.5
0.5
3
0.5
2
0.5
1.5
0.5
2
2
2
2
2

C As

0.000
3.416
17.082
0.848
5.089
0.848
3.393
0.412
1.237
5.501
22.005
22.005
22.005
22.005
22.005

Skin
Friction
tan phi

Kd
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

0.0000
0.2309
0.2309
0.5095
0.5095
0.5095
0.5095
0.5543
0.5543
0.1763
0.1763
0.3640
0.3640
0.3640
0.3640

VERTICAL PILES SUBJECTED TO LATERAL FORCES

Reese and Matlock's method
DIAMETER

Pile section
r
Relative stiffness T =

cm
75.00

cm
1553156

EI /

EI / kh

M
35
E
35892.24192 29910.2016
nh
EI
where, kh = 67 xCu /D (Terazagi 1956)55746234666
kh =
0.536
T
where, kh =

EI / kh

Assuming Fixity at
For Soil Type
Dia/Width
I

Moment of Inertia
m
cm4
Length
0.441786 1553156
16.00
5

For Cohesive Soil, T =

For Granular Soil, T =

Area
2

m
0.75

2
EI
4

kn-m
419352

test
sample
calc

D,,

kh =

c
EI

kh =
4

t-m
41935.2

nh

EI
4.19352E+11

1.597387015

z
D

(Terazagi 1956)

0.292
T

0.536
T

5xT

m
2.391568

m
1.60

m
7.986935075

E = modulus of elasticity = 5000 (fck)

E = 2.7 x 10 kg/cm
(IS-456-2000)
270000
Pile is a long elastic pile,Reese and Matlock method is applicable
Shaft Adhesion
su
a
cu Adhesion
Adhesion
Factor
Factor
as per Australian Code
0
0.00
0
1
0
1
1
1
5
10
1
0.1
1.00
1.00
2
5
20
1
0.2
0.97
1.00
3
5

0.00
1.09
1.20
1.31

30
40
50

1.43
1.57
1.72

VK Bhavadasan

1
1
0.912

0.3
0.4
0.5

0.86
0.74
0.65

1.00
1.00
0.898

4
5
6

5
5
5

12/8/2014

60
0.783
0.6
70
0.702
0.7
80
0.621
0.8
90
0.564
0.9
100
0.516
1.0
110
0.477
1.1
120
0.443
1.2
130
0.413
1.3
140
0.388
1.4
150
0.37
1.5
160
0.354
1.6
170
0.339
1.7
180
0.33
1.8
190
0.321
1.9
200
0.319
2.0
Australian code recomends
Better Adhesoin Factor

VK Bhavadasan

0.57
0.49
0.42
0.37
0.33
0.31
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.3
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30

0.783
0.702
0.621
0.564
0.516
0.477
0.443
0.413
0.388
0.37
0.354
0.339
0.33
0.321
0.319

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45

5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5.1
5.23
5.41
5.62
5.83
6.2
6.5
7
8
9.5
12
15
18
20
20
20
20

1.89
2.09
2.31
2.53
2.82
3.11
3.44
3.83
4.20
4.69
5.26
5.87
6.58
7.31
8.22
9.31
10.57
11.91
13.48
15.42
17.66
20.23
23.33
26.79
31.05
35.73
41.21
47.86
55.46
64.57
75.16
87.90
101.62
120.78
145.88
181.97
228.56
295.00
380.20

12/8/2014

Skin
Friction

Total
Ultimate
Skin
Friction
0
0.00
6.14
36.82
43.67
84.77
91.63
119.03
125.97
146.80
154.38
184.69
223.85
263.01
302.16
341.32

0.000
2.720
13.599
6.003
36.016
6.003
24.011
6.530
19.591
2.077
8.309
17.152
17.152
17.152
17.152

Safe
Skin
Friction

L/D

Nc

CNc

0
3.068167
18.409
21.83447
42.38727
45.81274
59.51461
62.98593
73.39988
77.18915
92.34625
111.9246
131.5029
151.0812
170.6596

0.666667
1.333333
4.666667
5.333333
9.333333
10
12.66667
13.33333
15.33333
16
18.66667
21.33333
24
26.66667
29.33333

6.14
7.6
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9
9

0.00
9.74
11.53
2.86
2.86
2.86
2.86
1.39
1.39
20.68
20.68
20.68
20.68
20.68
20.68

c=cohesive
n=non-cohesive

c
design
load
100

depth

-16

16

Qhg =
50
Mg =
100
Soil Properties For PY
qu
1.6

Cu
0.6

TYPICAL VALUES OF
Soil Type
Loose Sand
Medium Sand

nh
Dry

(kg/cm3)
Submerged

0.26
0.775

0.146
0.526

Dense Sand
2.076
1.245
Very loose sand under repeated loading
0.041
Choose value of nh =
0.146
Ref. IS : 2911 (Part 1. Sec. 2)
Cohesive Soils
End-bearing
10 qe=9Cu if L/d>4
8 qe=NcCu if L/d<=4
6 Table 01
L/d
Nc
4

VK Bhavadasan

Depth
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-11.5
-10
-9.5
-7.5
-7
-4
-3.5
-1
-0.5
0

Depth

0
-0.5
-1
-3.5
-4
-7
-7.5
-9.5
-10
-11.5
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22

Depth

Cumilative
Depth

Critical
Depth
Z/D

0.5
1
3.5
4
7
7.5
9.5
10
11.5
12
14
16
18
20
22

0.0001
5
5
5
5
5
5
5.1
5.1
5
5
5
5
5
5

Allowable Load
Design Load
22
145
100
20
18
16
14
12
11.5
10

139
124
108
92
74
63
85

100
100
100
100
100
100
100

9.5
7.5
7
4

82
63
60
39

100
100
100
100

3.5
1

37
7

100
100

0.5
0

0
0

100
100

-16
SAFE AT

Nc

12/8/2014

4
2
0

0
1
2
31
4

6.14
7.6
8.3
2
8.8
9

400.00

350.00

300.00

250.00

200.00

150.00

100.00

50.00

0.00
1

VK Bhavadasan

9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 41 45

12/8/2014

Density

Nq

QNq

0
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6

0.0001
1
3.5
4
5
5
5
5.1
5.1
5
5
5
5
5
5

0.001
3.436
3.436
17.660
17.660
17.660
17.660
23.335
23.335
2.529
2.529
7.311
7.311
7.311
7.311

0.00
2.43
43.69
49.93
62.42
62.42
82.47
84.12
9.12
8.94
25.84
25.84
25.84
25.84
0.00

Ultimate
End
Bearing

0
0.00
12.17
55.22
52.80
65.28
65.28
85.33
85.51
10.51
29.61
46.52
46.52
46.52
46.52
20.68

Deph
Of
Pile
0
-0.5
-1
-3.5
-4
-7
-7.5
-9.5
-10
-11.5
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
-22

Ultimate
Skin
Friction
0
0.000
6.136
36.818
43.669
84.775
91.625
119.029
125.972
146.800
154.378
184.692
223.849
263.006
302.162
341.319

Ultimate
End
Bearing
0
0.000
12.165
55.222
52.796
65.280
65.280
85.334
85.512
10.510
29.615
46.516
46.516
46.516
46.516
20.676

No of pile
Design Load
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
3
3
14
_
_
1
1

VK Bhavadasan

12/8/2014

VK Bhavadasan

12/8/2014

Total
safe
Load
0
0
7.32071
36.81619
38.5861
60.0217
62.76208
81.74529
84.59365
62.92378
73.59728
92.48347
108.1461
123.8088
139.4715
144.7979

VK Bhavadasan

Design
Load
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

0
7.32071
36.81619
38.5861
60.0217
62.76208
81.74529
84.59365
62.92378
73.59728
92.48347
108.1461
123.8088
139.4715
144.7979

Safe
End
Bearing
0
0
6.082721
27.61124
26.39816
32.63985
32.63985
42.667
42.75613
5.254845
14.80744
23.2581
23.2581
23.2581
23.2581
10.3378

Total
Pile
Capacity
0
0
9.150888
46.02024
48.23263
75.02713
78.4526
102.1816
105.7421
78.65473
91.9966
115.6043
135.1827
154.761
174.3393
180.9974

12/8/2014