Skema Biology Paper 123 Trial SPM 2013 MRSM Del Jsu

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MAJLIS AI},IANAH RAKYAT
ANSWER SCIMME
BIOLOGY
PAPER
4551/1
TRIAL SPM
2013
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MARA TRIAL 2013 EXAMINATION

ANSWER SCHEME PAPER 1
QUESTION NO
ANSWER
QUESTION NO
ANSWER
1.
26.
2.
27.
3.
28.
4,
29.
5.
30.
6.
31.
7.
32.
8.
33.
9.
34.
10.
35.
11.
36.
L2.
37.
13.
38.
t4.
39.
15.
40.
15.
4L.
L7.
42.
18.
43.
19.
44.
24.
45.
21.
45.
22.
47.
23.
48.
24.
49.
25.
50.
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eBr.rl-G sc$trhitrs PAPER 2

QUESTTON
1
(a)(i)
Able to name the structure correctly

Answer:
P : Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum/ Rough
a : Mitochondria
ER
tNI
tI',U
(Reject : RER)
(ii)
Able to state the function of the structures.

P : To transport proteins synthesized/made by ribosome tF'tr
a : To generate/produce/provide/supply
tFI
(Reject: give energy/ site for cellular respiration)
energy
(b)
Able to explain how the abundance of organelle R enable the

cells to carry out photosynthesis efficiently.
Answer :
Fl : Contains more chlorophyll
tC}
El : To absorb /capturel trap more sunlight / light energy /light
intensity / chemical energy
IF']
E2 : To produce more glucose / photosynthesis product / organic
substances / organic material
tFI
(Reject:food/starch)
I
1
,)
1
1
Max2
(Any two)
(c)(i)
Able to explain the role of R in osmoregulation

Answer:
Fl : R is contractile vacuole
El : regulate water contenUosmotic pressure
E2 : water diffuses into R/contractile vacuole by osmosis
E3 : R/contractile vacuole expand to marimum size
E4 : R/contractile vacuole moves to the plasma membrane
E5 : R/contractile vacuole contracts to expel the (excess)water
(Any two)
C:condition
lP:process/phenomena
lR=resrrlf
01
I
t
1
1
1
Max2
I
I
I
: (water)
ClPl: diffuses into the contractile
vacuole by osmosis
02: contractile vacuole

Cl'Pz: expand (when water diffuses in)
C/P3 : move to plasma rnembrane

CfP4: the vacuole contracts
R : regulate water content/osmotic
1
1
pressure
1
a
(Any two)
(cXii)
Able to explain the function of S to obtain food.
Answer:
Fl :
El:
sweeps food particles into cytostome/ mouth / groove / oral

canal
for digestion prooess / break down into smaller particles /
1:
,1
hydrolysis
O : cilia
ClPl :
,l'
sweeps food particles into cytostopel mouth / groove lt .
oral canal
Ctyz: for digestion process / break down into smaller particles /

(cXiii)
Able to explain the effects of the respiratory inhibitor to
the
Parameciumsp
Answer
Fl : (the respiratory inhibitor) inhibits cellular respiration ll

mitochondria cannot' function
El : cannot generate energy
EZ : cellular activities/active transport cannot occur
EZ : Paramecium sp eventually dies
t:
I
1
Max2
(tuty two)
ALTERNATIF (using science text)

O
: inhibitor
ClPl : inhibits cellular respiration process // mitochondria
cannot function
C|PZ : cannot generate energy / cellular activities cannot occur
R : Paramecium sp eventually dies
(Anv two
'
l'S'
s-
L2
TOTAL
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QUESTIOI\
Items
(aXi)
(ii)
Marking Criteria
Able to name the condition the plant cell.
Answers:
Plasmolysed / Flaccid
(Reject: Plasmolysis)
Able to explain the process
Answers:
F : solution X is hypertonic to the cell sap of the plant celU/cell
sap is hypotonic to solution X/concentration of water
(molecules) outside the cell is lower than the cell sap
El: water diffuses out by osmosis
(Reject: move)
E2 : vacuole / cytoplasm shrinks / plasma membrane is pulled
away from the cell wall
Marks
Max 2

O1: solution X
CtPl: is hypertonic to the cell sap of the plant cellllcell sap is
hypotonic to solution Xllconcentration of water (molecules)
outside the cell is lower than the cell sap
02 : water
CIPZ : diffuses out by osmosis

ClP3 : vacuole / cytoplasm shrinks / plasma membrane is pulled
away from the cell wall
R : the cell is plasmolysed / flaccid
(bxi)
I
I
Max2
Able to state the condition
Answer
Deplasmolysed / Turgid
(b)(ii)
(Rej ect : Deplasmolysis)
Able to explain the effects of solution Y to the plant cell.

Answer :
F : solution Y is hypotonic to the cell sap of the plant cell/lcell
sap of the plant cell is hypertonic to solution
Y//concentration of water (molecules) outside the cell is
higher than the cell sap
E1: water diffuses into the plant cell by osmosis (Reject: move)
E3 : vacuole expands / plasma membrane is pushed towards the
cell wall I the plant cell become turgid
I
1
Max 2
ALTEITNATIF (using science text)

O1
: solution
C/Pl :
is hypotonic to the cell sap of the plant

celV/concentration of water (molecules) outside the cell is
higher than the cell sap
ot?: water
CtY/.: diffirses'into the plant cell by osmosis
R : vacuole expands / plasma membrane is pushed towards the
cell wall / the plant cell become turgid
(c)
I
Max 2
Able to explain why the mango can be kept for longer period.
Sample
F : sugar solution is hlpertonic to the cell sap of mango/lcell
sap of mango is hlpotonic to the sugar solution
El : water diffrrses out by osmosis
EZ : bacteria cannot grow (without water) / die / dehydrated
answers3
I
1
Mor
Ma,x 3
ALTTRNATIF' (using science text)
01 : sugar solution
C/Pl : hypertonic to the cell sap of mango
OZ : water
Cn2:
diffiises out by osmosis
R : bacteria cannot grow (without water) I die / dehydrated

(d)
1
?i
1
1
Able to explain the importance of drinking isotonic water
Answer
Fl : isotonic drink is a solution which has equal
concentration / osmotic pressure with the fluid in the body
El :
El :
cells
to balance the water content in body cells / fluid
to prevent dehydration llto replace the water loss
t
I
TOTAL
t2
QUESTIONS 3
Item
(a)
(b)
Marking Criteria
Marks
Able to name structure X and Y.

Answer:
Structure X: Alveolus
Structure Y: Gills
tNl
tNI
Able to explain onesimilar characteristic in structure X and Y

to increase efficiency of gaseous exchange.
Answer:
F 1 : have many / numerous structures
El : To increase total surface area
F2 : surrounded by network of blood capillaries

E2 : for efficient transport of gases
F3 : the wall is one cell thick// thin wall
E3 : easier for gases diffusion
I
1
I
1
I
1
(Rej ect: Moist surface)
Any lF and respective E
Max
I
I
Max 2
ALTERNATIE (using science text)

N = name
C = characterestic
F
function
N : Structure X and structure Y

C1 : have many / numerous tiny structures
Fl : To increase total surface area
C2 : surrounded by dense network of blood

F2 : for efficient transport of gases
capillary
C3 : the wall is one cell thick

F3 : easier for gases to diffi.rse
1
1
(c)
Able to explain effects of smoking in the effrciency of gaseous

exchange in stru-cture
X.
Answer:
substance
alveolus
Fl
:TarNicotine/Chemical
El: Deposited on the wall of
E2 :Block the diffirsion of gasses actoss the wall
temperature
F2 :HeatlHigh
E3 :causes the wall of alveolus become dry
E4 :Less gasses dissolve
I
I
of,alveolus I
I
1
1
,'
E5 : competes with oxygen to gombine with ha,-emoglobin / has

higher affinity towards oxygen
E6 : less oxygen supplied to body cells
Any lF and resPective E
, I
(d)
Aspect
Part P (aerobic)
Part Q (anaefobic)
Products of
the respiration
Energy / ATP, carbon

dioxide and water
Energy I ATP,'ethanol
and carbon dioxide "
Explanation of
the process
Complete brcakdown /
oxidised of glucose ll
Require oxygen
lncomplete
I partiallY
breakdown of
glucose ll 'Doesn?t
Mor2
t,.
1+1
1+1
require oxygen
(e)
Able to explain the importance of warming up

Sample answer
Fl : increase the rate of heartbeat
Et : more oxygen can be transport(to the muscle cells)
// transportation of oxygen is faster
E2 : increase the rate of cellular respiration (in muscle cells)
3
FZ : increase the temperature in the muscles

E3 : loosen up the muscles and joints I prevent muscle cramp
Any F with corresponding E
1
1
I
1
Max 2
2
12
tuESTI,St{
Item
(aXi)
Markins Criteria
the table with the correct name of molecules and
enzymes involved
Able to
Marks
fill
Answer:
Malto
(ii)
ucrose/Lactose
Maltase/Sucrase/Lactase
F at I lipid / triglycerides
lipase
Able to explain the effects of diet rich in fat.
s
e/S
Answer!
Fl: fatllipid/molecule N contain high level of cholesterol
El : deposited on (the inner wall of) artery
E2 : increase blood pressure / cause arteriosclerosis
/ hypertension
Any two
ALTERNATIF (using
O
1
1
1
Mor 2
science text)
: fatllipid/rnolecule N
CtPl :
contains high level of cholesterol

CtPz : deposited on (the inner wall of) artery artery
R : increase blood pressure / cause arteriosclerosis
1
1
/ hypertension
(b) (i)
Max2
INI
tNI
Able to state the food which supplies the most energy.
Answer:
Rice
Able to state the food which helps to prevent scurvy.
(ii)
Answer:
Orange
(iii)
Able to calculate the total amount of energy.

Answer:
Rice: 1530 kI x 2 :3060 kJ
Fish
rotal
(c)
320 kJ
1.5
480 kJ
energy:;lf8lj .
480
kr
Able to explain why egg has double amount of energy than fish
Sample answeri
Egg contain more fat than fish
TOTAL
12
Question 5
Item
(aXi)
Mark
Answer
Able to explain the role of polythene bag according to the
different in reducing the temperature.
Answer:
PlantA
Fl : polythene bag traps water vapour (from kanspiration)

El : more water vapour around the leaves
E2
: increase in humidity (inside the polythene bag)
Any two
Plant B
F2: rate of transpiration increases
EZ : more water move up through >rylem
'
/higher
(b)
Able to explain why Plant B shows higher loss in
Ii
2
mass
Fl : more loss in mass of the plant B
El : the leaves in Plant B are not covered (by polythene
1i
...':
bag)
E2 :,more water valrcur are released to the surounding through

F with any E
,1,
Malr 2
ALTERNAJIF' (using science text)
Ol : Plant B
I
I
ClPl
: the leaves in are not covered (by polythene bag)

CtPz: more water vapour are released to the surrounding
I rate
of transpiration is higher
R : more loss in mass of the plants
(c)
I
Max2
Able to suggest one way and explain

Answer:.
Suggestion : remove / cut offthe leaves llplace the pot under
shaded area / under a big tree
Explanation : no / less stomata, less water loss

low temperature / high humidity / less light
intensity/slow air movement
10
(c)
to .xr,' I ai ntlre .ff.. i-,*trn * ;it. *b cn.:li oi, i i*

and iight intensity on the yield of crops.
Abf
Answer
..,",i*t
Temperature
F 1 : increase the enzymatic activity / maximum rate / optimum
El :yield of crops increases
Carbon dioxide
F2 :the rate of photosynthesis increased / maximum
/ photosynthesis product increase
El : increase the yield of crops
ALTERNATIF (using
science text)
Ol :Temperature
CtPl : increase the enrymatic
3
=
\<
activity / maximum rate /
CN
optimum
R : yield of crops increases
C,
o
o
5=.:
o-
02 : Carbon dioxide
(D
-)
CtP2 : the rate of photosynthesis increased / maximum /
R:
e,
o
3
photosynthesis product increase

increase the yield of crops
TOTAL
11
Question 6
ITEM
MARKTNG CRITERIA
htT]MBER
6 (a) Able to explain the formation of male gamete
Pl : Each pollen sac mother cell /microspore mother cell in
MARKS
I
pollen sac urdergoes meiosis

P2 : produce four (hapioid)microspores
P3 : (The nucleus of each) microspores divides by mitosis
P4 : to form a fube nucleus and a generative nucleus
P5 : Generative nucleus divides by mitosis
I
I
I
I
Max 4
6(a)
O = object
C = condition
P = process/phenoBlena
'
R = iesuif
Ol :
poller/microspore mother cell (in a pollen sac)

undergoes meiosis to produce four haploid
microspore
ClPl : (diploid/
02 : The nucleus of each microspore

CtYz: (haploidy divides by mitosis to form a tube nucleus
and
a generative nucleus
O3
: Generative nucleus
CtP3: (haploid)/ devide by mitosis to fonn two male
gametes
Max 4
72
ITEM
NUMBER
IVIARKING CRTTERIA
6(b) Able to desuibe how double fertilization occurs until the

formation of seed in a plant.
Sample answers:
P 1 : (When a pollen grain falls on the stigma,) the secretion of
sucrose solution on the stigma
P2 : stimulates (the pollen grain to germinate to) form pollen
tube
P3: (During the growth of pollen tube) the generative nucleus
divides mitotically to produce two male gametes.
P4 : the two male gametes move/follow behind the tube nucleus
(down the pollen tube until they) reach the micropyle (and
enter ovule for double fertilization)
P5 : the tube nucleus disintegrates
P6 : and the two male gametes enter the embryo sac.
P7 : (During double fertilisation) one male gamete fuses with
the egg celVovum to form a diploid zygote and
P8: the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to
form a triploid nucleus (so double fertilization occurs )
P9 : After an egg has been fertilised, the ovule develops into a
seed
NIARKS
1
1
Max 6
13
ITEM
MARKING CRITERIA
NLiI,IBER
6(b)
MARKS

O1
the stigma
ClPl : secrete sucrose solution (when a pollen grain falls on the
stigma)
02 :
the pollen grain
ClP2: stimulates (by sucrose solution to germinate) to form

pollen tube
03: the generative nucleus

CtP3 : divides mitoticdly to produce two male gametes, (during
the growth ofpollen tube)
04 :
the two male garnetes

CIP4: move/follow behind the tube nucleus (down the pollen
tube until they) reach the micropyle (and enter ovule for
double
05
fertilization)
I
I
: the tube nucleus
CtPs
disintegrates
06
: (two male gametes)

enter the embryo sac.
CIPT : one male gamete fuses with the egg celUovum to form a
diploid zygote and
C/P8 : the other male gamete fuses with the two polar nuclei to
CIP6:
form a triploid nucleus (so double fertilization occr.us)
I
I
07: ovul
ClPg : (after an egg has been fertilised) develops into
a seed
I
Mar
1,4
Item
Number
6(c) (i)
MARKII{G CITITERIA
NIARKS
Students are able to explain the process of primary growth.
F1 : Stage X is cell division stage

1 : The meristem tissues divides by mitosis
P2 : to increase the number of cells
MaxZ
F2 : Stage Y is cell elongation/enlargement stage
P3 : Water is absorbed by osmosis
P4 : to increase the sizel volume of cell
F3 : Stage Z is cell differentiation stage
P5 : (Specialized/ cells become specialized / permanent cells with
specific function
P6 : Example; xylem, phloem
1
1
Max2
I
I
I
Max 2
F with corresponding P
6(c) (i) ALTERNATIi' (using science text)

Stage X: cell division stage
O1 : The meristem tissues
ClPl:
divides by mitosis
ClP2 : to increase the number of cells
1
1
Max2
Stage Y: cell elongation/enlargement
02 : Water
stage
ClP3 : is absorbed by osmosis

ClP4 : to increase the sizel volume of cell
1
1
Ma>< 2
Stage Z: cell differentiation stage

03 : cell
C/Ps : become specialized / permanent cells
with specific function
Example: xylem, phloem

1
Max2
2
6
15
(c)(ii)
Students are able to give the similarities *rO

primary growth and secondary growth
O*rr."..,
**.*
Sirnilarities:Both involve cell division/mitosis

2. Both have xylem
3. Both have phloem
I
I
l.
Ma>r
Differences :-
ls
I t. primaru Eowth occurs
Z. tnvolve apical meristem
lateral
I
,
carrrbium
|
| :. *.r,rr, ir, .ioogation/ | *.rort io io"rrase in
I sizeldiameter/circumference
I enlargement /increase in
In"intt
I
I
-r-"a.
**"*r"r
I mature primary tissues (in the I secondary tissues (in

I
I
stem)
stem)
I primary phloem /
u.o**
cortex
occur both
I
monocotyledon
I
I dicotyledon
in
and
plants
I Secqnilaqv Frowth occurs

I Involve
I meristem/vascular cambiurn
I and cork
I secondary
the
phloem
o-*
occ,r mainly/mostly
I
in
dicotyledon
I
TOTAL
plants
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
l
I
I
Mar
I
I
20
16
Qtiestion 7
Item
Number
MARKTNG CTilTERIA
MARKS
7 (a) I AUc to state the problem and adaptive structures of the

I
I mangrove trees found in Zone 1, 2 and 3.

I Sample answer
'r@roit.
I
Pl
Highly branched underground cable roots/prop root/butress

root
FZ Waterlogged conditions and lack of oxygen.

P2 Have breathing roots/ pneumatophores root with pores
(grow vertically)
F3
lenticels on the bark of the tree.
P3
P4
Direct sunlight/rate of transpiration high/increase.

Leaves covered with thick layer of cuticle/sunken stomata
Thick and succulent leaves that contains water.
F4
High salinity of water lcell sap of mangrove plant has higher
P5
P6
osmotic pressure than the water surrounding them.

release water and access salt.
through hydathodes (on the lower surface of the leaves)
1
1
1
/gutation
F5
Germination of seeds on waterlogged soil.

P7 Viviparous seedlings that are able togerminate while still
attached to mother plant.
Any 3 (F+P)
I
I
Max 6
t7
Item
Number
7 (a)
MARKS
MARKING CRITERIA
ALTERNATIF (using
science text)
Problbm 1: Soft muddy soil.

: cable roots/prop rootlbutress root
C/Fl: Highly branched undergroturd/anchor the ground
Nl
N2 : breathing roots/ pneumatophores root

: :
C/tz: with pores with (grow vertically)/ lenticels on the bark of
the
tnee.
:;
Problem 3 : Direct sunlight/rate of transpiration higtr/increase.
N3
: Leaves
C/F3 : covered with thick layer of cuticle/sunken stomata i .

Thick arrd .succulent leaves that contains wqter. . :. , ,l
Proble&4 ; High salinity of water.
N4 : Cell'sap
CN4: has higher osmotic pressure than the water surrounding
thern/ to avoid water diffirse out by osmosis .
N5 : hydathodes/salt gland
C/T's : secrete access water/ access salt
hoblem 5 : Germination of seeds on waterlogged soil
N6 : Viviparous seed
ClF6 : able to germinate while still attached to mother plant.
Any3 (Problem+N+CIF)
Ma>r 6
18
Item
Number
MARKING CRITERIA
MARKS
F1 : Typhoid / Cholera
Pl : (caused by bacteria I vibrio cholerae I Salmonetta typhii)
spread through contaminated food and drink ll the feaces of
infected people reach food tluough unwashed hand
Food poisoning
(caused by bacteria I Salmonella sp.) spread through
contaminated food, drinks and utensil
Malaria disease
(caused by protozoa Plasmodium sp.) transmitted by vector
Anophele.r sp. mosquito
1
F4: Dengue fever

P4: (caused by virus) transmitted by vector Aedes mosquito
Any 2 F and 2P accordingly
1
1
Max 4
19
Item
Number
7 (c)
MARKTNG CzuTERIA
MARKS
Able to explain similarities and differences between interaction in

Diagram 7.2(i) and Diagram 7.2(ii)
Diagrarn 7.2 (i)
Diagram 7.2
(ii)
Criteria
PQRST
Qr
Q2
Al
intraspecifi c competition
81: The interaction is

interspecifi c competiiion
: Competition is between
members ofthe same species
llbetureen species X
andspecies X or between
species Y and species Y.
B2 :Competition
is between
members from different'species//
between species X and species Y.
A'3 : The strong / dominant

member win / remain but the
weak one die /become extinst.
83 : The strong / dominant

specibs win the competition but
: The interaction is
the weaker species become
extinct / migrate to other area

die
Q3
44 : The population is always
84 : Population of weaker
in dynamic equilibrium /
stable / constant only
decrease and the dominant

species increases.
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ren .com
sPecies
Anv 3
I : Both interaction involve organism
Mur
living together in the same
habitat
52 : Both interactions compete for the sa:ne

resourc eVwater/nutri ent/space
53 : Both interactions compete for the
limitedre sources/water/nutrient/space
1
P:
Process
= Quality/Quantity
R = Reaction
At least one similarities
S: Structure
T = Terminolory
20
ITEM
MARKII{G CRITERIA
NUI\{BER
7 (d)
MARKS
Able explain how scientific names derived on Linneaus

binomial system
1 : Each organism has two names
in Latin
P2 : The first name must begin with capital letter
P3 : The first name refer to the genus (name)
P4 : The second name begin with small letter
P5 : The second name refer to the species (name)
P6: Both genus and species narne must be written in itallic
P7 : alternatively, the words can be underlined
P8: For example Panthera is the genus of both organisms,
(but they are of different species)
P9 : Lion belongs to species lgq while tiger belongs to
P
species
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
tigris
Max
TOTAL
20
2t
Question 8
ITEM
I\[T]MBER
8 (a)
MARKS
MARKTNG CRITERIA
Able to explain the body's response towards the entry of
bacteria into the body
Fl : the second line of body defense rhechanism

Pl : Pathogen / bacteria succeed in penetrating the skin /
enter the body through skin
P2 : Chemicals / proteins / antigens (produced by
pathogens )
P3 : Attracts the phagocytes / neutrophil / macrophage
I
I
phagocytes (to injected area )

P4 : The phagocytes surround the pathogen using
pseudopodiurn
P5 The phagocytes engulf the pathogen forming vacuoles /

phagosomes
P6 : Lysosomes secretes lysozymes and release the
lyso4mres into the vacuole / phagosomes' ,.
P7 : The lyso4mes kitl / destroy / digest / hydrolise the
phagosytes
P8 : The phagocytes release / egest the digested product from

the cell
P9: The process is known as phagocytosis.
I
1
Mar
22.
ITEM
IVIARKTNG CRTTERIA
NUMBER
lVIARKS

Name of the process/mechanism : the second line of body
defense
01 :Pathogen lbactena
ClPl : penetrating the skin / enter
02
the body through skin
: Chemicals / proteins / antigens (produced
by
pathogens )
ClPz: Attracts the phagocytes / neutrophyls / macrophage
phagocytes (to injected area)
03 : phagocytes
C/P3 : surround the pathogen using pseudopodium.
C/P4: engulf the pathogen forming vacuoles / phagosomes
04 : (The phagocytes)
ClPs : release / egest the digested product from the cell
R: The process is known as phagocytosis.
05
: Lysosomes
ClP6 : secretes lysozymes and release the lysozymes into the

vacuole / phagosomes
C|PT : kill / destroy / digest /trydrolise the phagocytes
I
1
Max 4
23
Item
Number
8(b)
MARKXNG CRITERIA
MARKS
Able to explain how the lymph is drained back into the blood
P
I : (From the lymphatic
vessel), the
llmph is drained into
thoracic duct
P2 : and the right lymphatic duct.
P3 : The thoracic duct receives lymph from the left side of
the head / neck / chest / left upper limb llentte body
below the rib
P3 : The right lymphatic duct receive lymph from the right
armt I shoulder area il ndht side of the head / neck
P4 : The right lynphatic duct empties it's lymph into the
right subclavian vein ( entering back into the blood
circulating system )
P5 : The thoracic duct empties its lymph into the left
zubclavian.
P6 : The valves prevent back flow of lymph
P7 : Muscular contracti on ll peristalsis movement / intestinal
// pressure changes dr:ring inhalation and exhalation
breathing action push the lymph to rflow forward
I
I
I
I
1
1
Mur 6
24
Item
Number
8(b)
MARKING CRTTERIA
MARKS
01 : lymph
C/P 1 : (From the lyrnphatic vessel), drained into thoracic
duct
C/P2: and the right lymphatic duct.
02
: (The thoracic duct)
ClPz: receives lymph from the left side of the head I neck I
chest I left upper limb llentfue body below the rib
I
1
03
: (The right lyrnphatic duct)

ClP3 : receive lymph from the right arm / shoulder arca /l
right side of the head / neck
ClP4: The right lymphatic duct empties it's lyrnph into the
right subclavian vein ( entering back into the blood
circulating system )
I
1
04
: (The thoracic duct)

C|PS : empties its lymph into the left subclavian.
05
: The valves
ClP6 : prevent back flow of lymph
06
: Skeletal muscle/smooth muscle

C|PT : contraction llperistalsis movement i intestinal //
pressure changes during inhalation and exhalation
breathins action
CiPS: push the lymph to flow forward
Max
www,myschoolchildren.com www.myschoolchildren.com
25
Item
Number
8c)
MARKS
MARKTNG CRIT'ERIA
i)
Students are able to explain the formation of lymph
Fl :
Diameter of arteriole end is larger compared to the

blood capillary
F2 : cause high hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end of
i
blood
F3 : Some of the'bloodplasmais;filtered/forced into the
spaces between the cellVintercellular spaces
(Reject: diffirse)
F4 : forming interstitial
',i
F5 : contains of the interstitial fluid are nutrients/
oxygen/ amino' acid/ glucosel water/, ions.
F6 : except large' moleculeslRBC/plasma protein
capillary
fluid
I
1
/fibrinogen/globulin/platelets
Some / 85-90%,ofthe interstitial fluid arereabsorbed
intothe blood capillary'(at venule end)F8: Some/ lff/o is absorbed into the'lynphatic capillary/
vessels(forming lympU lymphatic fluid).
F7:
;'
;'
ii)
.,
'
'
1
Any 6F
Ma>r 6
,,.
Students are able to explain body defense mechanism
F9: Lymph
ll
nodes produce lymphocytes'
F10 :Lymphocytes produce

antibodi e s/lysine/op s onin/ag gl utinin/antitoxin
Fl
I : Deshoy pathogen/ neutalize the toxin produced by,the
pathogen.
F13 : PhagocyteVneutrophiVmonocytes engulf and

destroy/digestlhydrolyze pathogen
. '
:Any 4F
TOTAL
t,
l,I'
lr
I **o
20
26
MARKING CRITERIA
MARI(S
ALTBRNATI{ (using science text)

O1 : arteriole
C/P1 : Diameter of arteriole end is larger compared to the
blood capillary
ClPz: cause high hydrostatic pressure at the arteriole end of
blood capillary
02 : blood plasma
ClP3 : Sorne of the blood plasma is filtered/forced into the
spaces between the cells/intercellular spaces
(Reject: diffuse)
c/p4: forming interstitial fluid
ClPs : contains of the interstitial fluid are nutrients/
oxygen/ amino acid/ glucose/ waterl ions.
C/P6: except large molecules/RBC/plasma protein /
fi brino gen/gl o bul in/pl atel et s
03:
interstitial fluid
C|PT : Some I 85-90% (of the interstitial fluid) are
reabsorbed into the blood capillary (at venule end).
C/P8 : Some/ 10% is absorbed into the lymphatic capillary/
Vessels (forming lymph/ lymphatic fluid).
Any 6F
ii)
Students are able to explain body defense mechanism
04 : Lymph
nodes
ClPg : produce lymphocytes
05
: Lymphocytes
C/P 10 : produce antibodies/lysine/opsonin/ agglutinin
/antitoxin
CIP 1 1 : Destroy patho gen/ neutralize the
toxin produced by
the pathogen.
06 : Phagocytes/neutrophil/monocytes
C/PIZ : engulf and destroy/digestlhydrolyze pathogen
C/Pl3 : Phagocytosis occur
07 : Lymph
ClPl4
nodes
filtered pathogen
Any 4F
Max 6
27
Question 9
ITEM
MARKS
MARKING CRITERIA
I\TUMBER
e(a)
Rabbit P
Parents
PhenotSrpe
White fur, black
Rabbit Q
Black fur, red eyes
eyes
Genotype
P1
Meiosis
P4
Gamete:
P5 and P6
Random
Fertilization
P7
Genotype
Bbrr
P8
Fl:
Phenotype
Black fur, black eyes
Fl:
Notes;
must have word meiosis and seggregotion lines
ii) gametes must be circled
fiil must hqve word random fertilization and lines
Pl: The genotype for Rabbit
P is
bbn
and the genotype for Rabbit
is BBRr
: genotlpe bbrr consist of b,recessive allele for white fur and r,
recessive allele for black eyes.
P3 : genotlrye BBRr consist of B, dominant allele for black fur and R
and r for dominant and recessive allele for red eyes and black
eyes respectively
P4 :During meiosis
P5 : Gamete produced for Rabbit P arebr.
P6: Gamete produced for Rabbit Q are BR and Br.
P7 : Random fertilisation occur
P8 : bet'ween gametes br from Rabbit P and gamete Br from Rabbit Q
produced genotype of Rabbit & Bbrr.
P9: Dominant allele,B is inherited from Rabbit Q, while recessive
allele,b is inherited from Rabbit P
Pl0: Recessive alleles, r is inherited from both parent, P and Q
Pl 1: The Dresence of (dominant) allele,Band(recessive) allele b,
P2
28
sho';v:the phe,rotype black
P12:lihe presence
fur.
of (recessive) allele,r and (recessive) allele r,
showsthe phenotype black eyes
Any
Max
ITEM
MARKING CRITERIA
NUMBER
e(bxi) AbIe to discuss the advantages of using genetic engineering
Technology in agriculture
MARKS
Sample answer
The advantages :
F1 : Resistance toward disease/pest resistant increase
Pl : because it alters the genetic information in plants.
F2 : The quality of agricultural product increases
P2 : because food/fruit/crop yield product have higher
vitamin/mineral/nutritional content
F3 : Foo dl tn;Jrtl Crop yield can be harvested shortly after
planting/in shorter time
P3 : because it shorten maturity period
F4 : Food/ fruit/ crop yield supply is sufficienVmore food can
1
1
1
1
1
be supply to the people
P4 : because the quatity of crops yeild increases
Max 6
ANY 3 F AND 3P ACCORDINGLY

TOTAI-,
20
29
MARKING CRITERIA
fotr
differences between Down's syndrome and

haemophilia based on these criteria.
1. Cause
State
2. hlunober of chromosomes
3. Characteristics
4. Inheritance
Cause by a recessive
allele found on the X
sex chromosome.
Cause by chromosomal
mutation of
chromosomes numbers
2l
Abnormalll4T
Number of
chromosomes
NormaU/46
Have flatlbroadllbroad
faces//slanted eyell
protoding tongue//tend
to be mentally retarded
Characterestics
Blood unable to clot
Not inherited
SULIT
45s113
A}.iSWER SCFIEivfE PAPER

No.
1
(u)
TRIAL BIOI-CGl']013
Vlark Scheme
Able to record all 3 readings for the time taken to obtain
Score
30
heartbeats correctly
Samole answer
Numbers of laps
Bilangan pusingan
The time taken to obtained 30 heartbeat (s)

Masa untuk memperoleh 30 denyutan iantuns (s)
20
12
3
10
www. myschoolch ild ren.com
1(bxi)
Able to record any 2 readinss correctly

Able to record any 1 reading correctly
No response or incorrect response
Able to state 2 different observations correctly following these
criteria:
C l.-manipulated variables
C2-Responding variables
C3-correct value with unit
Sample answer
I
0
Vertical
1. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running one round
is 20 seconds.
2.The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running two
rounds is 12 seconds.
3. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running three
rounds is 10 seconds.
Horizontal
4. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running one lap is the
longest compared to after running two and tluee laps.
AbIe to state one observations correctly and one - two inaccurate
observation
Sample answer
Uertical)
1.The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running one lap
is the longest.
2. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running three laps is the
shortest
(Horizontall
3. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running one lap
than when running three laps that is 12 seconds.
455L
CI 2013 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengali
MARA
is longer
SULIT
SULIT
4551t3
ANSETR SCHEME PAPER

TRTAL BIOLOGY 2013
Able to state the obsenation at idea level
-?
l.The longest time is 20 seconds.

2. The shortest time is 10 seconds.
3. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeat decreases.
No response
1(bxii)
or
incorrect response
Able to make two inferences correctly

Note : inference must matsh to the observation
Cl - number of laps ran by an athlete and the condition of time taken
to obtain 30 heartbeat
C2 - rate of heartbeat increases / decreases
C3 - o*Jgg,l ngeded by muscle,3efl large/small
Sarnple answer
(Verticall
1. When the boy mns one lap, the time taken to obtain 30 heartbeat is
the longes!, because the rate of heartbeats is decrepsesAower due to
muscle cells'needs a small amount bf'oxygen
2. When the boy nms threq laps, the time taken to obJain 30 heartbeat is
shortest becausb the iati: of hiartUeats is increases/tiigher due to muscle
cells needs a large ambunt of oxygen
fiforizontail.
3.The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after nrnning one lap is longer
because the cells need small amowrt of oxygen comfared to when
running three laps
cl + c2+c3
AbIe to make one correct inference and one - two inaccurate

inference
Eampls answer
(Verticall
l.The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running one lap
is the longest because rate of heartbeat is the lowest.
2. The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running three laps is the
shortest because rate of heartbeat is the highest
(Horizontal)
l.The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats after running one lap /three laps
is longer/shorter than when running three/one lap because rate of
heatbeat for one/three laps lower/higher than three/one lap.
Any 2C
AbIe to state the inference at idea level
SAmple anlwers
1.Rate of heartbeats increases
No response or incorect response
4551 @2013
Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MARA
SULIT
SULIT
455U3
ANSWER SCHEME PAPER
TIUAL BICLOGY
2013
I.{o.
(.)
Scurc
Able to stete all 3 variables and the 3 methods to handle ihe variable
Sample answers
Variable
Method to handle the variable
Manipulated
variable
The number of
laps
The boy runs different number of laps in the

school field;1 lap, 2 laps and 3 laps.
Responding
variable
time taken to
obtain 3 0 heart
beats
measure and record the time taken to obtain 30

heartbeats by using a stopwatch
//
or
rate of heartbeat
Calculate and record the rate of heartbeat by using
formula:
Rate of heartbeat = number of heartbeat
time
Constant Variable
speed for running
each lap
Fix /Use the same speed of running
l/The number of
FirlUse the same_ number of heartbeat
heartbeat
heartbeats
// Student
Fix / Use the same student
at 30
All
corrects
4551
Able to state any 4-5 correct
Able to state 2-3 correct
No response or incorrect resDonse
O 2013 Hak Cipta Bahagial Penrlidikan Menenga.lr MARA
SULIT
SULIT
4s51/3
ANS\frIER SC}MME PAPFR 3

TRIAL BIOLOGY 2OI3
No.
I (d)
Mark Scheme
Score
Able to state a hypothesis correctty following aII criteria :

C I : number of laps
C 2 : time, taken to, obtain 30 heartb eatsllrute of heartbeat
C3 :
Clear/concreterelationship
Sampleanswer:r
1.
,,;
As
the number of laps increases, the time

heartbedts decreases
tiken to obtain 30
2. The more the nuurber of laps, the shorter the time taken
to obtain 30 heartbeats (vice
versa)
,
3. As the number of laps increasgsr the,rate
(viceversa) ..:,,,::: I
i:,
;.'..
.i," . ,,r,. ,
dheartbeat elso,,incpases i i
.0,'iL,,r,.. _ .; . , ..,.,. ,i,,.i; ,
All 3C
Able to make a hypothesis relating the manipulated variable and

the responding variable inaceurately
Sample answer
I
' ::
""i
l.The time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats llThe rate of heartbeat is
affectedbynunrberoflaps .: ., ..i.,.,..,:,ri. :i,].
",
.tL
Any 2C
Able to make a hypothesis at idea level
sqmpleanswgr:
l.TG time tut r" to obtain
30 heartbeats
2.The rate of heartbeat increases
'i'
i'
"ij''-'
decreases
,',
'
I
Only 1C
4551
@ 2013
ST]LIT
SULIT
4s5U3
/\NSWER SCTIEME PAPER
Ni;.
(e)(i)
TIUAL BIOLOGY
Mark Scheme
2013
Score
Able to construct a table and record all the data correctly

Sample answer
Note :
(T) Titles with correct unit - I mark
(D) Record all the data correctly - I mark
(C) Calculate and record all the rate of heartb eat
(e)(ii)
Any two correct
Any one correct
Mark
No.
1
- I mark
Score
Scheme
Able to draw a graph correctly

A : Uniform scale on both axis - 1 mark
PT : Able to plot all 3 points correctly
S : Able to connect all point smoothly
- 1 mark
- I mark
Refer to graph provided
Aoy two criteria correct
Uniform scales on either the horizontal-axis or the vertical-axis
4551 o 2013 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan
Menengah
MARA
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SULIT
455U3
A].iSWER SCI{EME PAPER

TRIAI, BIOI,OGY 2013
l(0
Able to explain the relationship between the number of laps and the
rate of heartbeat based on the following aspect:
R - able to state the relationship
El - able to explain u&y the rate of heartbeat affected by
the number of round
EZ - able to give a reason
Sample answer
,t
As the ntrmber of laps increases , the rate of heartbeat increases, , ,'

to pump more blood (into circulation).Thefore rate of cellular
respiration increases//generate more energy/ATP
Note:
Rmustcotrect,..:
:.
i.,. .;.i. .i
.,,..Rt,NryZBn
R'h
Able to interpret the relationship incoppJetety

Able to interpret the relationship at idea lpvel,
lE
R only
No.
Mark Scheme
1(e)
Able to define the heartbeat rate operationally based on the result of this
experiment.
PlP3 -
I
0
No response or.incor.rect response
PZ
Score
Fact & classification

t:me taken to obtain 30 heartbeat (RV) // observation
(RV) influence ll affected by MV)
Sample answer
The rate of heartbeat is the number of heartbeat per minute (P1) which
can be determine by time taken to obtain 30 heartbeats (P2), and it is
affected by the number of laps (P3).
All
PL,P2 and P3
Any two correct
Any 2P
Any one correct
Only lP
I
0

7
4551
@ 2013
Hak Cipta Bahagian Psndidikm Menengalr MARA
SULIT
SULIT
45sl13
ANSWER SCI-IEME PAPER

TRJ,{L BIOLOGY 2013
1
Able to predi.t ttr. .,

the following criteria:
Pl : The rate of heartbeat will be less than 1.5 s'1.
P2 = less glucose and oxygen is transported to the muscle cells / tissues
P3= rate of cellular respiration decreases //less energy is producedi/ less
muscle contractions.
(ir)
Sample answers
The rate of his heartbeat will be Iess than 1.5 s-1', because less glucose
and oxygen is transported to the muscle. Therefore the rate of cellular
respiration decreases//, less energy is produced// less muscle
t)
Et3)
t'l t
contractions
rD
(D
<r)
Able to predict the outcome of the experiment incompletely P+ 1E
7a
(D
ts
!)
Able to predict the outcome of the experiment at idea
Ievel
P only
:
1
F
<co
i)
0
1
(i)
Able to classify all 6 activities correctly
()
Samole answer
=i
r}
(3
Aerobic
resoiration
Anaerobic Respiration
Archery
Watering Plant
Walking
Sprinting 100m
Fermentation in yeast
Plant in waterlogged condition
i':
()
Able to list 4-5 condition correctly
Able to list 2-3 condition correctly
4551 o 2013
'5
(:)
Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan Menengah MA.RA
SULIT
SULIT
45sU3
ANIS$,ER SCI{EI,,,{E PAPER.
TRI,A..L BIT}LOGY 2013
Graph of the rate of heartbeat against the number of laps
4551 a 2013 Hak Cipta Bahagan
Psndidikan Meneng.ah MARA
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s'!:rLIT
4s5113
WER SCI]E]V{E P.\,PER

TR{AL BIOI,OGY 2013
,,].NS
Question 2
No.
Mark Scheme
2(i)
Able to state the problem statement relating the manipulated variable with
the responding variable correctly that include criteria:
.'
'
1-Manipulated variables
Score
Sources of water pollutiotr
X, Y and Z
decolourise methylene blue
P2-Responding variables Tirne to

solution//level of water pollution
P3-concrete relationship between the variables
question symbol [?]
in
question
form and
Sample answers:
1. Does/Do
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
the time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise

(P2)is the shortest(P3) in source XllY/lZ, compare to source Y and ZllX
and ZllX and Y(Pl)?
DoeslDo the water sample from source WlYllZ is the most polluted
compare to water sample from source Yand Z/lZ andX/lX and Y?
DoeslDo the water sample from source XINI/Z is the Ieast polluted
compare to water sample from source Yand ZllZ and )V/)( and Y?
Do/Does the time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourisei/level of
water pollution is affected by water sample from source X,Y and Z ?
What is the level of water pollution from the (source) X, Y andZ?
DoeslDo the level of water pollution from the (source) X, Yand Z are
different?
Pl+P2+P3
Able to state a problem statement inaccurately
Sample answers:
l.DoeslDo the level of water pollution//time taken for methylene blue solution
to decolourise from the (source)Xll,Y ll Z is the lower//shorter?
Any 2P
Able to state a of problem statement at idea level

Sample answers:
DoeslDo the level of water pollution is different?
Any lP
i0
4551
O 2013 Hak Cipta Ilahagiiui Pencliclika.n Menengalr tvIARA
SULIT
SI]LIT
4551/3
ANSWER SC}IEME PAPER
TRIAL BIOLOGY
No.
2(ii)
2013
Mark Scheme
Score
Able to state the hypothesis relating the manipulated variable to the

responding variable correctly:
C2. RV
C3
Clear/concrete relationship between MV and RV (compare)

:
Sample answers:
I .The water sarrple from source X (C 1) is the most polluted/ methylene
blue dgcolourise faster/fastest (C2) compare/than (C3) to Y andZ (C1)
(vice funu)
2.T\e water sample from source X(Cl) is the most polluted/ methylene blue
. r
' r r.l
i..
decolourisation is the fastest.
cl + c2+c3
,,,
Able to state a liypothesis inaccurately
Sample answers:
The water sample from source X (Cl) is polluted/ shows faster
decolourisation of methylene blue. ...(incomplete CI)
Any 2C
Ableto statethe ideabfthe'hlpothesis.
'
: ':' ! i i' r": .i ';{ "i'
Sample answers:
1. The water sample from sorlrce X(Cl) is polluted.
2.The time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise decreases//increases
Any'1i
11
4551
@ 2013
SULIT
SULIT
4ssll3
ANSWER- SCHEN,IE PAPER
TzuAL BICLOGY 2013
Mark Scheme
No.
Score
2(iii) Able to state all three variables correctly
Sample answers:
P1
: Manipulated variable:
source of water samples/water samples from source X,
P2
P3
:Responding variable :
level of water pollution/the time taken
decolourise
:
and Z.
for methylene blue
solutir,,n to
Controlled/constant variable :
the volume of water sample/concentration of methylene blue solution +,
Able to state any two variables correctly
Able to state any one variables correctly
2(iv) Able to list all the important apparatus and materials correctly
Able to state/list all (3) of the apparatus and all (2) materials:
J
Apparatus:
Reagent bottle, syringe, stopwatch, measuring cylinder
Materials:
Methylene blue solution, water samples from source X, Y and Z
Able to state/list at least 2 of the apparatus and all (2) materials:
Able to state/list all (3) of the apparatus/materials:
l2
4551
O 2013 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendiclikan Menengatr
MAitA
SULIT
SULIT
455y3
ANS\IER SG{EME PAPER

TRIAT BI{}LOGY 2OI3
N0.
2(v)
Mark Scheme
AbIe to describe the steps of the experiment procedure or method
1.
The reagent bottles ane labelled A, B and C
2.
The water samples are taken from three different source of

(effluent water), Y (tape water) and Z(spring water)
Score
K'S
Kl.
KI
3. 250 ml of the water sample from source A is measured by using

the measwgs,c.ylinder, thgo put,into p fegge.nt bottte labeiied e
KI
KI
4. By using a long needle syringri, aAd f ffi of methylene blqe

't
solution at the bottom of the water
5. Close the bofile immediately to prevent atnospheric oxygen
I
from dissolving into the water
K1
K6
sample
K6
samples
6.
do not shake the bottle to prevent afinospheric oxygen from
K6
dissolving into the water samples

7
8.
Repeat step 3 - 5 using water samples Y and Z

Make dure'to use the sarne amount biwater admpG
repeatedexperimeui
:' ' i : '
in6eiy'--'
''1
9. Keep the bottles in the diik place (ctipboard) to prevent

photosynthesis being carried out by algae in the water sample
and start the stopwatch
10. Observe the bottles every l0 minutes
I l. Measure and record the time taken for the methylene blue to
decolor:rise by using a stopwatch
12. Tabulate the data.
K2
K4
K6
KI
K3
K3
K5
Notes :
Kl :
Preparation of materials & apparatus

: Operating manipulated variable
: Operating responding variable
: Operatingfixed variable
K5: Data communication
Kd : Precaution
Note:At least 4Kl
K2
K3
K4
Able to state all 6K
3
2
AbIetort"t.4-5K
Abletoltfte2-3K
_.
Able to state lK or no response or incorrect response
I
0
13
4551 @ 2013 Hak Cipta Bahagian Pendidikan
Menengah MARA
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45sll3
ANSWER. SCI-IEME PAPER
TRIAL BIOLOG'Y 2$I3

Mark
No.
2(vi)
Scheme
Score
Able to construct a table to record data based on the following criteria:

2
: Manipulated variables with parameter and unit

C2: Operating responding variables and responding variables
C
with unit
Sample answers:
Source of water
samples
Time taken for

methylene blue
solution to decolourise
(hours) or (days)
Level of
water
pollution
Y
Z
or
Source of water
samples
Time taken for methylene blue

solution to decolourise
(hours) or (days)
1
Level of
water
pollution
Average
x
Y
Z
free Q papsrs, free skenra ai . wwyu.myschr:olchildren.conr
14
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rc

MAJLIS AI},IANAH RAKYAT

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

MARA TRIAL 2013 EXAMINATION

www. myschoolchild ren.com

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

eBr.rl-G sc$trhitrs PAPER 2

Able to name the structure correctly

Able to state the function of the structures.

Able to explain how the abundance of organelle R enable the

Able to explain the role of R in osmoregulation

ClPl: diffuses into the contractile

02: contractile vacuole

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

C/P3 : move to plasma rnembrane

Able to explain the function of S to obtain food.

sweeps food particles into cytostome/ mouth / groove / oral

sweeps food particles into cytostopel mouth / groove lt .

Ctyz: for digestion process / break down into smaller particles /

Able to explain the effects of the respiratory inhibitor to

Fl : (the respiratory inhibitor) inhibits cellular respiration ll

ALTERNATIF (using science text)

ClPl : inhibits cellular respiration process // mitochondria

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

ALTERNATIF (using science text)

CIPZ : diffuses out by osmosis

Able to state the condition

(Rej ect : Deplasmolysis)

Able to explain the effects of solution Y to the plant cell.

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

ALTEITNATIF (using science text)

is hypotonic to the cell sap of the plant

ALTTRNATIF' (using science text)

diffiises out by osmosis

R : bacteria cannot grow (without water) I die / dehydrated

Able to explain the importance of drinking isotonic water

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

Able to name structure X and Y.

Able to explain onesimilar characteristic in structure X and Y

F2 : surrounded by network of blood capillaries

(Rej ect: Moist surface)

Any lF and respective E

ALTERNATIE (using science text)

N : Structure X and structure Y

Fl : To increase total surface area

C2 : surrounded by dense network of blood

C3 : the wall is one cell thick

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

Able to explain effects of smoking in the effrciency of gaseous

E5 : competes with oxygen to gombine with ha,-emoglobin / has

Energy / ATP, carbon

Able to explain the importance of warming up

FZ : increase the temperature in the muscles

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

contains high level of cholesterol

Able to state the food which supplies the most energy.

Able to calculate the total amount of energy.

Rice: 1530 kI x 2 :3060 kJ

Kertas soalan mp lain terdapat di :

Fl : polythene bag traps water vapour (from kanspiration)

: increase in humidity (inside the polythene bag)

Able to explain why Plant B shows higher loss in

to .xr,' I ai ntlre .ff.. i-,trn ;it. b cn.:li oi, i i