VOCABULARY

Abase

Verb

To act in a way that shows that you accept sb's power over you

Abbreviate

Verb

To make a word, phrase or name shorter by leaving out letters or using only the first letter of each word,
Syn: Shorten.

Abet
Abeyance
Abhorrent
Abjure
Abomination

Verb
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun

To help or encourage sb to do sth wrong.

Idm: In abeyance. Not being used, or being stopped for a period of time.
Causing hatred, especially for moral reasons, Syn: Repugnant.
To promise publicly that you will give up or reject a belief or way of behaving, Syn: Renounce.
A thing that causes disgust and hatred, or is considered extremely offensive.

Aboriginal

Adjective

Relating to the original people living in Australia; Relating to the original people, animals etc. of a place
and to a period of time before Europeans arrived.

Abound
Abridge
Abrogate

Verb
Verb
Verb

To exist in great numbers or quantities.

To make a book, play etc. shorter by leaving parts out.
To officially end a law, an agreement etc, Syn: Repeal.

Abscond

Verb

To escape from a place that you are not allowed to leave without permission; To leave secretly and take
with you sth, especially money, that does not belong to you.

Absolute
Absolve

Adjective
Verb

Abstain

Verb

To stay away from sth, To decide not to do or have sth, especially sth you like or enjoy, because it is bad
for your health and considered morally wrong,

Abstinence

Noun

The practice of not allowing yourself sth, especially food, alcoholic drinks or sex, for moral, religious or
health reasons.

Academic

Adjective

Total and complete.

To state formally that sb is not guilty or responsible for sth; To give absolution to sb.

Connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities.

Accede

Verb

To agree to a request, proposal etc.; To achieve a high position, especially to become king or queen.

Accelerate
Accentuate
Access
Acclaim

Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb

To happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected.

To emphasize sth or make it more noticeable.
A way of entering or reaching a place; The opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth.
To praise or welcome sb/sth publicly.

Accommodate

Verb

To provide sb with a room or place to sleep, live or sit; To provide enough space for sb/sth; To help sb by
doing what they want, Syn: Oblige.

Accomplice
Accord
Accost

Noun
Verb
Verb

A person who helps another to commit a crime or to do sth wrong.

To give sb/sth authority, status or a particular type of treatment; To agree with or match sth.
To go up to sb and speak to them, especially in a way that is rude or threatening

Accrue

Verb

To increase over a period of time; To allow a sum of money or debts to grow over a period of time, Syn:
Accumulate.

Acme

Noun

The highest stage of development or the most excellent example of sth, Syn: Height.

Acoustic

Adjective

Related to sound or to the sense of hearing; (Of a musical instrument or performance) designed to make
natural sound, not sound produced by electrical equipment.

Acquisitive

Adjective

Wanting very much to buy or get new possessions.

Acquit

Verb

To decide and state officially in court that sb is not guilty of a crime, Opp: Convict; To perform or behave
well, badly etc.

Acquittal

Noun

An official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime, Opp: Conviction.

Acronym

Noun

A word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of sth, for example 'AIDS' is an
acronym of 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome.'

Actuate

Verb

To make a machine or device start to work, Syn: Activate; To make sb behave in a particular way, Syn:
Motivate.

Acute

Adjective

Very serious or severe; An acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous, Opp:
Chronic; (Of the senses) Very sensitive and well developed, Syn: Keen.

Adage
Adamant
Adapt
Addiction
Addle
Address

Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb

A well known phrase expressing a general truth about people or the world, Syn: Saying.
Determined not to change your mind or to be persuaded about sth.
To change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation, Syn: Modify.
The condition of being addicted to sth.
To make sb unable to think clearly; To confuse sb.
To make a formal speech to a group of people; To say sth directly to sb.

Adduce

Verb

To provide evidence, reasons, facts, etc. in order to explain sth or to show that sth is true, Syn: Cite.

Adept

Adjective

Good at doing sth that is quite difficult, Syn: Skilful.

Adhere
Adherent
Adit
Adjacent
Adjourn

Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb

Adjunct

Noun

To stick firmly to sth.

A person who supports a political party or set of ideas, Syn: Supporter.
A horizontal entrance or passage in a mine.
(Of an area, a building, a room, etc.) Next to or near sth.
To stop a meeting or an official process, especially a trial, for a period of time.
An adverb or a phrase that adds meaning to the verb in a sentence or part of a sentence; A thing that is
added or attached to sth larger or more important.

Adulterate

Verb

to make food or drink less pure by adding another substance to it, Syn: Contaminate.

Advent

Noun

The coming of an important event, person, invention, etc.; The period of four weeks before Christmas in
the Christian religion.

Advocate

Noun

A person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action.

Affectation

Noun

Behaviour or an action that is not natural or sincere and that is often intended to impress other people.

Affected
Affidavit
Affiliate
Affluence

Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective

(Of a person or their behaviour) Not natural or sincere.

A written statement that you swear is true, and that can be used in as evidence in court.
To link a group, a company, or an organization very closely with another larger one.
Having a lot of money and a good standard of living, Syn: Prosperous, Wealthy.

Afford

Verb

(Usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences and questions) To have
enough money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.

Affront
Agenda
Aggressor

Noun
Noun
Noun

A remark or an action that insults or offends sb/sth.

A list of items to be discussed at a meeting.
A person , country, etc. that attacks first.

Aggrieved

Adjective

Feeling that you have been treated unfairly; Suffering unfair or illegal treatment and making a complaint.

Aghast
Agile

Adjective
Adjective

Filled with horror and surprise when you see or hear sth, Syn: Horrified.
Able to move quickly and easily, Syn: Nimble; Able to think quickly and in an intelligent way.

Agitate

Verb

Agrarian

Adjective

Alchemy

Noun

A from of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved trying to discover how to change ordinary
metals into gold; A mysterious power or magic that can change things.

Alias

Noun

A false or different name, especially one that is used by a criminal; A name that can be used instead of the
usual name for a file, Internet address, etc.

To argue strongly for sth you want, especially for changes in a law, in social conditions, etc. Syn:
Campaign; To make sb feel angry, anxious or nervous.
Connected with farming and the use of land for farming.

Alien

Noun

A person who is not a citizen of the country in which they live or work; A creature from another world.

Alienate

Verb

To make sb less friendly or sympathetic towards you; To make sb feel that they do not belong in a
particular group.

Alimentary Canal

Noun

The passage in the body that carries food from the mouth to the Anus.

Alimony

Noun

The money that a court orders sb to pay regularly to their former wife or husband when the marriage is
ended.

Allege
Allegiance
Allot

Verb
Noun
Verb

To state sth as a fact but without giving proof.

A person's continued support for a political party, religion, ruler, etc.
To give time, money, tasks, etc. to sb/sth as a share of what is available.

Alloy

Noun

A metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together or by mixing metal with another substance.

Aloft
Altercation
Altruism

Adverb
Noun
Noun

Amalgam

Noun

A mixture or combination of things; A mixture of Mercury and another metal, used especially to fill holes in
the teeth.

Amass

Verb

To collect sth, especially in large quantities, Syn: Accumulate.

Amateur

Noun

A person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment, not as a job: A person who is not skilled
, Opp: Professional.

Ambience
Amiable

Noun
Adjective

Amid
Amiss
Amity
Amnesia

Preposition
Adjective
Noun
Noun

High in the air.

A noisy argument or disagreement.
The fact or caring about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own.

The character and atmosphere of a place.

Pleasant, friendly and easy to like, Syn: Agreeable.
In the middle of or during sth, especially sth that causes excitement or fear; Surrounded by sth.
Wrong; Not as it should be.
A friendly relationship between people or countries.
A medical condition in which sb partly or completely loss their memory.

Amphibian

Noun

Any animal that can live both on land and in water. Amphibians have cold blood and skin without stales.

Amplify

Verb

To increase sth in strength, especially sound; To add details to a story, statement, etc.

Analogy

Noun

A comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features; A feature that is similar; The
process of comparing one thing with another thing that has similar features in order to explain it.

Anarchist

Noun

A person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary.

Anarchy

Noun

A situation in a country, an organization, etc. in which there is no government, order or control.

Anathema
Ancestry

Noun
Noun

A thing or an idea which you hate because it is the opposite of what you believe.
The family or the race of people that you come from.

Anchor

Noun

A heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to
keep it in one place.

Anchor
Ancillary

Verb
Adjective

Anemia

Noun

Angular

Adjective

Annals

Noun

Annex

Verb

To fix sth firmly in position so that it can not move.

Providing necessary support to the main work or activities of an organization, Syn: Auxiliary.
A medical condition in which sb has too few red cells in their blood, making them look plae and feel weak.
(Of a person) Thin and without much flesh so that the bones are noticeable; Having angles or sharp
corners.
An official record of events or activities year by year; Historical records; Used in the titles of academic
journal.
To take control of a country, region etc. especially by force, Syn: Occupy.

Annotate
Annuity
Annul
Anomalous

Verb
Noun
Verb
Adjective

Anonymity

Noun

The state of remaining unknown to most other people; The state of not having any unusual or interesting
features.

Anonymous

Adjective

(Of a person) With a name that is not known or that is not made public; Written, given, made etc. by sb
who does not want their name to be known or made public.

T add notes to a book or text, giving explanations or comments.

A fixed amount of money paid to sb each year, usually for the rest of their life.
To state officially that sth is no longer legally valid.
Different form what is normal or expected.

To be built or formed, or to happen, at an earlier date than sth else in the past, Also Pre-date, Opp: Postdate.

Antedate

Verb

Anterior

Adjective

Anthem

Noun

A song which has a special importance for a country, an organization, or a particular group of people and
is sung on special occasions.

Anthology

Noun

A collection of poem, stories etc. that have been written by different people and published together in a
book.

Anticlimax

Noun

A situation that is disappointing because it happens at the end of sth that was much more exciting, or
because it is not as exciting as you expected.

Antidote

Noun

A substance that controls the effects of a poison or disease; Any thing that takes away the effects of sth
unpleasant.

Antinomy

Noun

A contradiction between two beliefs or conclusions that are in themselves reasonalble; A paradox.

Antiquity
Antiseptic
Antithesis
Anxious
Ape
Aperture
Apex
Aphesis
Aphorism

Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun

The ancient past, especially the times of the Greeks and Romans.
A substance that helps to prevent infection in wounds by killing bacteria, Syn: Disinfectant.
The opposite of sth; A contrast between two things.
Feeling worried or nervous; Causing anxiety; Showing anxiety.
To do sth in the same way as sb else, especially when it is not done very well, Syn: Imitate.
A small opening in sth; An opening that allows light to reach a lens, especially in cameras.
The top or highest part of sth,
The gradual loss of an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word.
A short phrase that says sth true or wise.

Apolitical

Adjective

(Of a person) Not interested in politics; Not thinking politics are important; Not connected with a political
party.

Apologist
Apoplexy
Apostate
Appall
Appalling
Apparatus
Apparition
Appellation
Appendage
Application

Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun

A person who tries to explain and defend sth, especially a political system or religious ideas.
The sudden loss of the ability to feel or move caused by an injury in the brain, Syn: A stroke.
A person who has rejected their religious or political beliefs.
To shock sb very much, Syn: Horrify.
Shocking; Extremely bad; Very bad.
The tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task.
A ghost or an image of a person who is dead.
A name or title.
A smaller or less important part of sth larger.
Determination to work hard at sth; Great effort.

Apposition

Noun

The use of a noun phrase immediately after another noun phrase which refers to the same person or
thing.

Appraise

Verb

To consider or examine sb/sth and form an opinion about them or it; To make a formal judgment about the
value of a person's work, usually after a discussion with them about it.

Appreciate

Verb

To recognize the good qualities of sb/sth; To be grateful for sth that sb has done; To welcome sth; To
understand that sth is true, Syn: Realize; To increase in value over a period of time, Opp: Depreciate.

(Of a part of the body) At or near the front, Opp: Posterior.

Apprehend
Apprenticeship
Apprise
Appropriate
Apropos

Verb
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Preposition

(Of the police) To catch sb and arrest them; To understand or recognize sth.
A period of time working as an apprentice; A job as an apprentice.
To tell or inform sb of sth.
Suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances.
Concerning or related to sb/sth.

Apt

Adjective

Suitable or appropriate in the circumstances; Likely or having a natural tendency to do sth; A person who
has a natural ability to learn and understand.

Aquatic
Arable

Adjective
Adjective

Growing or living in, on or near water; Connected with water.

Connected with growing crops such as wheat.

Arbiter

Noun

A person with the power of influence to make judgments and decide what will be done or accepted.

Arbitrator

Noun

A person who is chosen to settle a disagreement.

Arcade

Noun

A covered passage with arches along the side of a row of buildings (Usually of row of shops/stores); A
covered passage between streets, with shops/stores on either side.

Archaeology

Noun

The study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and
objects found in the ground.

Archive

Noun

Arduous
Arid

Adjective
Adjective

A collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; The

place where these records are stored.
Involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time.
(Of land or climate) Having little or no rain; Very dry; With nothing new or interesting in it.

Aristocracy

Noun

(In some countries) People born in the highest social class, who have special titles, Syn: Nobility.

Armada

Noun

A large group of armed ships sailing together.

Armament

Noun

Weapons, especially large guns, bombs, tanks etc.; The process of increasing the amount of weapons an
army or a country has, especially to prepare for war.

Armistice
Array
Arrears

Noun
Verb
Verb

A formal agreement during a war to stop fighting and discuss making peace, Syn: Ceasefire.
To arrange a group of things in a pleasing way or so that they are in order.
Money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time.

Arrest

Verb

To stop a process or a development; To make sb notice sth and pay attention to it; If sb arrests, their heart
stops beating.

Arsenal

Noun

A collection of weapons such as guns and explosives; A building where military weapons and explosives
are made or stored.

Articulate

Verb

To express or explain your thoughts or feelings clearly in words; To speak, pronounce or play sth in a
clear way.

Artifice
Artisan
Artless

Noun
Noun
Adjective

Aryan

Noun

Ascertain

Verb

Ascribe

Verb

Aspersions
Aspirant
Assail
Assent

Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun

Critical or unpleasant remarks or judgments.

A person with a strong desire to achieve a position of importance or to win a competition.
To attract sb violently, either physically or with words; To disturb or upset sb severely.
Official agreement to or approval of sth.

Assert

Verb

To state clearly and firmly that sth is true; To behave in confident and determined way so that other people
pay attention to your opinions.

The clever use of tricks to cheat sb, Syn: Cunning.

A person who does skilled work, making things with their hands, Syn: Craftsman.
Simple, natural and honest; Made without skill or art.
(Especially according to the ideas of the German Nazi Party) A member of a Caucasian, not Jewish, race
of people, especially one with fair hair and blue eyes.
To find out the true or correct information about sth.
To consider that sth is caused by a particular thing or person; To consider that sb/sth has or should have a
particular quality, Syn: Attribute.

Assess

Verb

To make a judgment about the nature or quality of sb/sth; To calculate the amount or value of sth, Syn:
Estimate.

Assessment

Noun

An opinion or a judgment about sb/sth that has been thought about very carefully, Syn: Evaluation.

Assimilate

Verb

To fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself; To become, or
allow to sb to become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group.

Assumption

Noun

A belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof.

Assurance

Noun

A statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt
about it, Syn: Guarantee, Promise.

Asthenia

Noun

Loss of strength; Debility

Astringent

Adjective

(Of a liquid or cream) Able to make the skin feel less oily or to stop the loss of blood from a cut; Critical in
a severe or clever way.

Astronomer
Astronomical
Asunder
Asylum
Atheist
Atom
Atone
Atrocity
Attentive
Attest
Atypical
Audacious

Noun
Adjective
Adverb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective

A scientist who studies astronomy.

Connected with astronomy; (Of an amount, a price etc.) Very large.
Into pieces; Apart.
Protection that a government gives to people who have left their own country usually because they were in
danger for political reasons; A hospital where people who were mentally ill could be cared for, often for a
A person who believes that God does not exist.
The smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction.
To act in a way that shows you are sorry for doing sth wrong in the past, Syn: Make amends.
A cruel and violent act, especially in a war.
Listening or watching carefully and with interest.
To show or prove that sth is true, Syn: Bear witness to.
Not typical or usual, Opp: Typical.
Willing to take risks or to do sth shocking, Syn: Daring.

Audience
Audit
Augur
August

Noun

The group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert, sb speaking, etc.)

Verb
Verb
Adjective

To officially examine the financial accounts of a company.

To be a sign that sth will be successful or not successful in the future, Syn: Bode.
Impressive, making you feel respect.

Auspices

Noun

Idm: Under the auspices of sb/sth. With the help, support or protection of sb/sth.

Authenticate

Verb

To prove that sth is genuine, real or true.

Authoritative

Adjective

Showing that you expect people to obey and respect you; That you can trust and respect as true and
correct.

Autobiography
Autocracy
Autocrat

Noun
Noun
Noun

The story of a person's life, written by that person.

A system of government of a country in which one person has complete power.
A ruler who has complete power, Syn: Despot.

Automaton

Noun

A person who behaves like a machine, without thinking or feeling anything, Syn: Robot; A machine that
moves without human control; A small robot.

Autopsy

Noun

An official examination of a dead body by a doctor in order to discover the cause of death, Syn: PostMortem.

Auxiliary

Noun

(Of workers) Giving help or support to the main group of workers, Syn: Ancillary; (Of a piece of equipment)
Used if there is a problem with the main piece of equipment.

Avalanche

Noun

A mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain.

Avenge

Verb

To punish or hurt sb in return for sth bad or wrong that they have done to you, your family or friends.

Averse

Adjective

Not likely sth or wanting to do sth; Opposed to doing sth.

Aversion

Noun

A strong feeling of not liking sb/sth.

Avert

Verb

To prevent sth bad or dangerous from happening; To turn your eyes etc. away from sth that you do not
want to see.

Avid
Avow
Awe

Adjective
Verb
Noun

Very enthusiastic about sth, Syn: Keen; Wanting to get sth very much.
To say firmly and often publicly what your opinion is, what you think is true etc.
Feelings of respect and slight fear; Feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb.

Awry

Adjective

If sth goes awry, it does not happen in the way that was planned; Not in the right position, Syn: Untidy.

Bait

Verb

Baleful
Ballad
Bally hoo

Adjective
Noun
Noun

Balm

Noun

Balmy
Bane
Banter

Adjective
Noun
Noun

To place food on a hook, in a trap, etc. in order to attract or catch an animal; To deliberately try to make sb
angry by making cruel or insulting remarks.
Threatining to do sth evil or to hurt sb.
A song or poem that tells a story; A slow popular song about love.
Unnecessary noise and excitement.
Oil with a pleasant smell that is obtained from some types of trees and plants, used in the past to help
heal wounds, for example.
(Of the air, weather etc.) Warm and pleasant, Syn: Mild.
Something that causes trouble and makes people unhappy.
Friendly remarks and jokes.

Barb

Noun

The point of an arrow or a hook that is curved backwards to make it difficult to pull out; A remark that is
meant to hurt sb's feelings.

Barrage

Noun

The continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while
they are attacking or moving towards the enemy.

Barren
Bask

Adjective
Verb

Bastion

Noun

Bate
Beeline
Beget
Begrudge
Behest
Belated
Belittle

Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Verb

Bellicose
Belligerent

Adjective
Adjective

Belligerent

Noun

Bemoan
Benediction
Beneficiary
Benighted
Bent
Berate
Bereave
Berserk
Beseech
Beset

Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb

(Of land and soil) Not good enough for plants to grow on it.
To enjoy sitting or lying in the heat or light of sth, especially the sun.
A group of people or a system that protects a way of life or a belief when it seems that it may disappear.
A rage; A cross mood.
Idm: Make a beeline for sth/sb. To go straight towards sth/sb as quickly as you can.
To become a father of a child; To make sth happen.
To feel unhappy that sb has sth because you do not think that they deserve it.
Idm: At sb's behest. Because sb has ordered or requested it.
Coming or happening late
To make sb or the things that sb does seem unimportant.
Having or showing a desire to argue or fight, Syn: Aggressive, Warlike.
Unfriendly and aggressive, Syn: Hostile.
A country or group that is fighting a war.
To complain or say that you are not happy about sth.
A Christian prayer of blessing.
A person who gains as a result of sth; A person who receives money or property when sb dies.
(Of people) Without understanding; (Of places) Without the benefits of modern life.
A natural skill or interest in sth.
To criticize or speak angrily to sb because you do not approve of sth they have done.
If sb is bereaved, a relative or close friend has just died.
Very angry, often in a violent or uncontrolled way; Very excited.
To ask sb for sth in an anxious way because you need it very much, Syn: Beg, Implore
To affect sb/sth in an unpleasant or harmful way.

Bestial
Bestow
Betoken

Adjective
Verb
Verb

Cruel and disgusting; Of or like a beast.

To give sth to sb, especially to show how much they are respected.
To be a sign of sth.
To give information about sb/sth to an enemy; To hurt sb who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or
faithful to them.

Betray

Verb

Biased

Adjective

Having a tendency to show favour towards or against one group of people or one opinion for personal
reasons; Making unfair judgments.

Bicameral

Adjective

(Of a parliament) Having two main parts, such as the senate and the House of Representatives in the US,
and the House of Commons and House of Lords in Britain.

Bicker
Biennial
Bigamy

Verb
Adjective
Noun

To argue about things that are not important, Syn: Squabble.

Happening once every two years.
The crime of marrying sb when you are still legally marries to sb else.

Bigot

Noun

A person who has very strong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions about race, religion or politics and who
will not listen to or accept the opinions of anyone who disagrees.

Biography
Biologist
Bizarre

Noun
Noun
Adjective

The story of a person's life written by sb else.

A scientist who studies biology.
Very strange or unusual, Syn: Weird.

Bland

Adjective

With little colour, excitement or interest; Without any thing to attract attention, Syn: Nondescript; Not
having a strong or interesting taste.

Blandishment
Blare
Blasphemy

Noun
Noun
Noun

Pleasant things that you say to sb or do for them to try to persuade them to do sth.
A loud unpleasant noise.
Behaviour or language that insults or shows a lack of respect for God.

Blatant

Adjective

(Of actions that considered bad) Done in an obvious and open way without caring if people are shocked,
Syn: Flagrant.

Bliss
Bloated
Blueprint

Noun
Adjective
Noun

Extreme happiness.
Full of liquid or gas and therefore, bigger than normal, in a way that is unpleasant.
A plan which shows what can be achieved and how it can be achieved.

Bluff

Verb

To try to make sb believe that you will do sth that you do not really intend to do, or that you know sth that
you do not really know.

Blunder
Blurt

Noun
Verb

A stupid and careless mistake.

To say sth suddenly and without thinking carefully enough.

Bluster

Verb

To talk in an aggressive or threatening way, but with little effect; (Of the wind) To blow violently.

Bogus
Boisterous
Bolt
Bombard
Bombast
Bona fide
Boon
Boor
Boorish
Booty
Botanist
Botch
Boundless
Bounty

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun

Prentending to be real or genuine, Syn: False.

(Of people, animals or behaviour) Noisy and full of life and energy.
A long, narrow piece of metal that you slide across the inside of a door or window in order to lack it.
To attack a place by firing large guns at it or dropping bombs on it continuously.
Words which sound important but have little meaning; Used to impress people.
Genuine, real or legal; Not false.
Something that is very helpful and makes life easier for you.
A rude unpleasant person.
(Of people and their behaviour) Very unpleasant and rude.
Valuable things that are stolen, especially by soldiers in a time of war, Syn: Loot; The part of the body that
you sit on, Syn: Buttocks.
A scientist who studies botany.
To spoil sth by doing sth badly.
Without limits; Seeming to have no end, Syn: Infinite.
Generous actions; Sth provided in large quantities; Money given as a reward.

Bourgeois
Boycott
Brandish

Adjective
Verb
Verb

Belonging to the middle class.

To refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting.
To hold or wave sth, especially a weapon, in an aggressive or excited way.

Bravado

Noun

A confident way of behaving that is intended to impress people, sometimes as a way of hiding a lack of
confidence.

Brawn

Noun

Physical strength; Meat made from the head of a pig or calf that has been boiled and pressed into a
container, served cold in thin slices.

Breadth

Noun

The distance or measurement from one side to the other; How broad or wide sth is, Syn: Width.

Brink
Bristle

Noun
Verb

If you are on the brink of sth, you are almost in a very new, dangerous or exciting situation.
To suddenly become very annoyed or offended at what sb says or does.

Broach

Verb

To begin talking about a subject that is difficult to discuss, especially because it is embarrassing or
because people disagree about it.

Brochure
Browbeat
Brusque
Buffet
Buffon

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun

Bulwark

Noun

A person or thing that protects or defends sth; A wall built as defence; The part of a ship's side that is
above the level of the deck.

Bungalow

Noun

A large house, sometimes on more than one level, that is not joined to another house on either side.

Bungle

Verb

To do sth badly or without skill: To fail at sth, Syn: Botch.

Bureaucracy

Noun

The system of official rules and ways of doing things that a government or an organization has, especially
when these seem to be too complicated.

Burgeon
Burly
Burnish
Bustle
Buttress
Buxom
Cadaver
Calamity
Caldron
Callous
Calorific
Calumny

Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun

A small magazine or book containing pictures and information about sth or advertising sth.
To frighten or threaten sb in order to make them do sth, Syn: Intimidate.
Using very few words and sounding rude, Syn: Abrupt, Curt.
To knock or push sb/sth roughly from side to side.
A person who does silly but amusing things.

To begin to grow or develop rapidly.

(Of a man or man's body) big, strong and heavy, Syn: Brawny.
To polish metal untill it is smooth and shiny.
To move around in a busy way or to hurry sb in a particular direction.
A stone or brick structure that supports a wall.
(Especially of a woman) Plum and healthy-looking; Large and shapely; Busty
A dead human body, Syn: Corpse.
An event that causes great damage to people's lives, property, etc. Syn: Disaster.
A large deep pot for boiling liquids or cooking food over a fire, Also Cauldron.
Not caring about other people's feelings or suffering, Syn: Cruel, Unfeeling.
Connected with or producing heat.
A false statement about a person that is made to damage their reputation, Syn: Slander.

Camouflage

Noun

A way of hiding soldiers and military equipment, using paint, leaves or nets, so that they look like part of
their surroundings; Behaviour that is deliberately meant to hide the truth.

Cannibal

Noun

A person who eats human flesh; An animal that eats the flesh of other animals of the same kind.

Canon
Cantankerous
Canvass
Capacious
Capacity
Capital

Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun

A generally accepted rule, standard or principle by which sth is judged.

Bad-tempered and always complaining.
To ask sb to support a particular person, political party, etc. especially by going around an area and
talking to people.
Having a lot of space to put things in, Syn: Roomy.
The ability to understand or to do sth.
The most important town or city of a country, usually where the central government operates from.

Capitation

Noun

Capricious

Adjective

Captivate

Verb

To keep sb's attention by being interesting, attractive etc. Syn: Enchant.

Carat

Noun

A unit of measuring the weight of diamonds and other precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams; A unit of
measuring how pure gold is. The purest gold is 24 carats.

Cardinal
Cardiologist
Carnivore
Cartography
Cascade

Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun

A tax or payment of an equal amount for each person; The system of payments of this kind.
Showing sudden changes in attitude or behaviour, Syn: Unpredictable; Changing suddenly and quickly,
Syn: Changeable.

Most important; Having other things based on it.

A doctor who studies and treats heart diseases.
Any animal that eats meat.
The art or process of drawing or making maps.
A small waterfall, especially one of several falling down a steep slope with rocks.

Casualty

Noun

A person who is killed or injured in war or in accident; A person that suffers or a thing that is destroyed
when sth else takes place, Syn: Victim.

Cataclysm
Catalogue
Catalyst

Noun
Noun
Noun

A sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change, for example a flood or a war.
A complete of items, for example of things that people can look at or buy.
A person or thing that causes a change.

Catapult

Noun

A stick shaped like a Y with a rubber band attached to it, used by children for shooting stones, Syn:
Slingshot.

Catastrophe

Noun

A sudden event that causes many people to suffer, Syn: Disaster.

Catcall

Noun

A noise or shout expressing anger at or disapproval of sb who is speaking or performing in public.

Categorical
Catholic

Adjective
Adjective

Expressed clearly and in a way that shows that you are very sure about what you are saying.
Connected with all Christians or the whole Christian church; Including many or most things.

Caustic

Adjective

(Of a chemical substance) Able to destroy or dissolve other substances, Syn: Corrosive; Critical in a bitter
or sarcastic way, Syn: Scathing.

Cavalier
Cavil
Celerity
Celibate

Adjective
Verb
Noun
Adjective

Not caring enough about sth important or about the feelings of other people.
To make unnecessary complaints about sth, Syn: Quibble.
Speed, Rapidity.
Not married and not having sex, especially for religious reasons; Not having sex.

Censor

Noun

Centigrade
Centrifugal
Centripetal
Cerebration
Ceremonious
Cessation
Chafe
Chaff
Chaff
Chagrin
Champion
Channel
Charisma
Chary
Chaste
Chasten
Chasuble

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Noun

A person whose job is to examine books, films/movies, etc. and remove parts which are considered to be
offensive, immoral or political threat.
=Celsius
Moving or tending to move away from a centre.
Moving or tending to move towards a centre.
Working of the brain.
Behaving or performed in an extremely formal way, Opp: Unceremonious.
The stopping of sth; A pause in sth.
If skin is chafes, or if sth chafes it, it becomes sore because the thing is rubbing against it.
The outer covering of the seeds of grain such as wheat, which is separated from the grain before it is
eaten.
To make jokes about sb in a friendly way, Syn: Tease.
A feeling of being disappointed or annoyed.
A person, team etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport.
To direct money, feelings ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose.
The powerful personal quality that some people have to attract and impress other people.
Not willing to risk doing sth; Fearing possible problems if you do sth, Syn: Wary.
Not having sex with anyone; Only having sex with the person that you are married to.
To make sb feel sorry for sth they have done.
A piece of clothing with no sleeves, won by a priest over his/her other clothes.

Chide
Chimera

Verb
Noun

To criticize or blame sb because they have done sth wrong, Syn: Rebuke.
An impossible idea or hope.

Chiromancy

Noun

The practice of telling what will happen in the future by looking at the lines on sb's palms, Syn: Palmistry.

Chisel
Chivalrous
Choleric
Chronic
Chronicle
Churl

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Cipher

Noun

A tool with a sharp flat edge at the end, used for shaping wood, stone or metal.
(Of men) Polite, kind and behaving with honour, especially towards women, Syn: Gallant.
Easily made angry, Syn: Bad-tempered.
(Especially of a disease) Lasting for a long time; Difficult to cure or get rid of, Opp: Acute.
A written record of events in the order in which they happened.
A rude unpleasant person.
A secret way of writing, especially one in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others,
Syn: Code.

Circuitous
Circumnavigate
Circumscribe

Adjective
Verb
Verb

(Of a route or journey) Long and not direct, Syn: Roundabout.

To sail all the way around sth, especially all the way around the world.
To limit sb/sth's freedom, rights. Power etc. Syn: Restrict.

Circumspect

Adjective

Thinking very carefully about sth before doing it, because there may be risks involved, Syn: Cautious.

Circumvent

Verb

Civil
Clamber
Clamour
Clandestine
Clasp
Classic

Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

To find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule; To go to travel around sth that is blocking your way.
Connected with the people who live in a country.
To climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, using your hands and feet, Syn: Scramble.
To demand sth loudly; (Of many people) To shout loudly, especially in a confused way.
Done secretly or kept secret.
A device that fastens sth, such as a bag or the ends of a belt or a piece of jewelry.
Accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important of its kind.

Claustrophobia

Noun

An extreme fear of being in a small confined place; The unpleasant feeling that a person gets in a situation
which restricts them.

Cleave
Cleft

Verb
Noun

To split or cut sth in two using sth sharp and heavy; To stick close to sth/sb.
A natural opening or crack, for example in the ground or in rock, or in a person's chin.

Clich

Noun

A phrase or an idea that has been used so often that it no longer has much meaning and is not interesting.

Climatic
Clime
Clone
Clout
Clout

Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb

Coalition

Noun

A group formed by people from several different groups, especially political ones, agreeing to work
together for a particular purpose.

Coddle

Verb

To treat sb with too much care and attention; To cook eggs in water slightly below boiling point.

Coerce
Cogitate

Verb
Verb

To force sb to do sth by using threats.

To think carefully about sth.

Cognate

Adjective

Having the same origin as another word or language; Related in some way and therefore similar.

Cognitive
Cohesion

Adjective
Noun

Connected with mental processes of understanding.

The act or state of keeping together, Syn: Unity.

Connected with the weather of a particular area.

A country with a particular kind of climate.
A person or thing that seems to be an exact copy of another.
Power and influence; A blow with the hand or a hard object.
To hit sb hard, especially with your hand.

Coin

Verb

To invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use; To make coins out of metal.

Coincidence

Noun

The fact of two things happening at the same time by chance; In a surprising way.

Collaborate

Verb

Colleague
Colour
Comely

Noun
Verb
Adjective

To work together with sb in order to produce or achieve sth; To help the enemy who has taken control of
your country during a war.
A person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business.
To affect sth, especially in a negative way.
(Especially of a woman) Pleasant to look at, Syn: Attractive.

Commandeer

Verb

To take control of a building, a vehicle etc. for military purposes during a war, only by force for your own
use, Syn: Requisition.

Commemorate

Verb

To remind people of an important person or event from the past with a special action or object; To exist to
remind people of a person or an event from the past.

Commensurate
Commodious
Commodity

Adjective
Adjective
Noun

Matching sth in size, importance, quality etc.

Having a lot of space
A product or a raw material that can be bought and sold.

Communal

Adjective

Shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together, Syn: Shared,
Involving.

Compact
Comparable
Compatible

Noun
Adjective
Adjective

A formal agreement between two or more people or countries.

Similar to sb/sth else and able to be compared.
(Of machines, especially computers) Able to be used together.

Compelling

Adjective

That makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting; So strong that you must do
sth about it.

Compensate

Verb

To provide sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage, loss etc., Syn: Make up for.
Having enough skill or knowledge to do sth well or to the necessary standard; Of a good standard but not
very good; Having the power to decide sth.

Competent

Adjective

Compile
Complicity
Comply
Component
Composed
Compound

Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun

To produce a book, list, report etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs etc.
The act of taking part with another person in a crime, Syn: Collusion.
To obey a rule, an order etc.
One of several parts of which sth is made.
Calm and in control of your feelings.
A thing consisting of two or more separate things combined together.

Compress

Verb

To press or squeeze sth together or into a smaller space; To be pressed or squeezed in this way.

Comprise

Noun

To have sb/sth as parts or members, Syn: Consist of.

Compromise

Noun

An agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they
want so that both sides are happy at the end.

Compunction
Compute
Concave
Conceit
Concentric
Conception
Concert

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Concession

Noun

Conclusive
Concoct

Adjective
Verb

Providing sth, and allowing no doubt or confusion, Opp: Inconclusive

To make sth, especially food or drink, by mixing different things.

Concomitant

Adjective

Happening at the same time as sth else, especially because one thing is related to or causes to other.

Concord
Concurrent

Noun
Adjective

Pace and agreement, Syn: Harmony, Opp: Discord.

Existing or happening at the same time.

A guilty feeling about doing sth.

To calculate sth.
(Of an outer line or a surface) Curving in, Opp: Convex.
Too much pride in yourself and what you do.
(Of circles) Having the same centre.
The process of forming an idea or a plan.
A public performance of music.
Something that you allow or do, or allow sb to have, in order to end an argument or to make a situation
less difficult.

Condense

Verb

To put sth such as a piece of writing into fewer words; to put a lot of information into a small space.

Condiment

Noun

A substance such as salt or pepper that is used to give flavour to food; A sauce, etc. that is used to give
flavour to food, or that is eaten with food.

Condolence
Conducive
Confer

Noun
Adjective
Verb

Configuration

Noun

Confine
Confirm
Confiscate
Conformity
Confound
Conglomerate
Congruent
Conjugal
Connivance
Connive
Conscientious
Conscript
Consequential

Verb
Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

Conservatory

Noun

Consign
Console
Consolidate
Consonance
Conspicuous
Conspiracy
Consternation
Constituency
Constituent
Contagion

Verb
Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun

Contemporary

Noun

Sympathy that you feel for sb when a person in their family or that they know well has died.
Making it easy, possible or likely for sth to happen.
To discuss sth with sb, in order to exchange opinions or get advice.
An agreement of the parts of sth or a group of things; The form or shape that this arrangement produces.
To keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc. Syn: Restrict.
To state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence.
To officially take sth away from sb, especially as a punishment.
Behaviour or actions that follow the accepted rules of society.
To confuse and surprise sb, Syn: Baffle.
A large company from by joining together different firms.
Having the same size and shape; suitable for sth; Appropriate in a particular situation.
Connected with marriage and the sexual relationship between a husband and wife.
Help in doing sth wrong; The failure to stop sth wrong from happening.
To work together with sb to do sth wrong or illegal, Syn: Conspire.
Taking care to do things carefully and correctly.
To make sb join the armed forces, Syn: Call up.
Important; That will have important results, Opp: Inconsequential.
A room with glass walls and a glass roof that is built on the side of a house. Conservatories are used for
sitting in to enjoy the sun, and to protect plants from cold weather.
To give or send sth to sb.
To give comfort or sympathy to sb who is unhappy or disappointed, Syn: Comfort.
To join things together into one; To be joined into one.
Agreement.
Easy to see or notice; Likely to attract attention, Opp: Inconspicuous.
A secret plan by a group of people to do sth harmful or illegal.
A worried, sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant surprise.
The people who live in and vote in a particular district.
A person who lives, and can vote in a constituency.
The spreading of a disease by people touching each other.
A person who lives or lived at the same time as sb else, especially sb who is about the same age.

Contempt
Contention
Contest
Contiguous

Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective

Contingent

Noun

A group of people at a meeting or an event who have sth in common, especially the place they come from,
that is not shared by other people at the event.

Continuum

Noun

A series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it but the last is very
different from the first, Syn: Cline.

Contortion
Contraband
Controvert
Contumely
Convene

Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb

The state of the face or body being twisted out of its natural shape.
Goods that are illegally taken into or out of a country.
To say or prove that sth is not true, Syn: Refute.
Insolent or reproachful language or treatment; disgrace.
To arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting.

The feeling that sb/sth is without value and deserves no respect at all.
Angry disagreement between people, Syn: Dispute.
A competition in which people try to win sth.
Touching, especially along a line; In contact.

Conventional

Adjective

Tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; Normal and ordinary, and
perhaps not very interesting.

Converge
Conversant
Converse
Convex
Convey
Conveyance

Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun

(Of people or vehicles) To move towards a place from different directions and meet.
Knowing about sth; Familiar with sth.
The opposite or reverse of a fact or statement.
(Of an outline of a surface) Curving out; Opp: Concave.
To make ideas, feelings etc. known to sb, Syn: Communicate.
The process of taking sb/sth from one place to another; A vehicle.

Conviction

Noun

Convolution
Copious
Cordial

Noun
Adjective
Adjective

Cordon
Corollary
Corporeal
Corpulent
Correlation
Corrosive
Corrugated
Corrupt
Cosmic
Cosmopolitan
Countenance

Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Counterpart

Noun

Couple
Courier
Covert
Cow
Cower
Crass
Credibility
Credulous
Creed
Crescendo
Crestfallen
Cringe
Critique
Crux
Cubicle
Cuisine
Culpable
Cultivate
Culvert
Cupidity
Curb
Currency

Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun

The act of finding sb guilty of a crime in court; The fact of having been found guilty, Opp: Acquittal.
A thing that is very complicated and difficult to follow; A twister curve, especially one of many.
In large amounts, Syn: Abundant.
Pleasant and friendly.
A line or ring of police officers, soldiers etc. guarding sth or stopping people from entering or leaving a
place.
A situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one.
That can be touched; Physically rather than spiritual.
(Of a person) Fat. People say 'corporeal' to avoid saying 'Fat'.
A connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does.
Tending to destroy sth slowly by chemical action.
Shaped into a series of regular folds that look like waves.
To change the original form of sth, so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way.
Connected with the whole universe; Very great and important.
A person who has experience of many different parts of the world.
A person's face or their expression.
A person or thing that has the same position or function as sb/sth else in a different place or situation,
Syn: Opposite number.
Two people or things.
A person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere.
Secret or hidden making it difficult to notice.
To frighten sb in order to make them obey you, Syn: Intimate.
To bend low and/or move backwards because you are frightened.
Very stupid and showing no sympathy or understanding, Syn: Insensitive.
The quality that sb/sth has that makes people believe or trust them.
Too ready to believe things and therefore easy to trick, Syn: Gullibility.
A set of principles or religious beliefs.
A gradual increase in how loudly a piece of music is played or sung, Opp: Diminuendo.
Sad and disappointed because you have failed and you did not expect to.
To move back and/or away from sb because you are afraid, Syn: Cower.
A piece of written criticism of a set of ideas, a work of art, etc.
The most important or difficult part of a problem or an issue, Syn: Nub.
A small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room.
A style of cooking; The food served in a restaurant.
Responsible and deserving blame for having done sth wrong.
To prepare and use land for growing plants or crops, Syn: Grow.
A tunnel that carries a river or a pipe for water under a road.
A strong desire for more wealth, possessions, powers etc. than a person needs, Syn: Greed.
To control or limit sth, especially bad, Syn: Check.
The system of money that a country uses.

Cursory

Adjective

Done quickly and without giving enough attention to detail, Syn: Brief, Perfunctory.

Cynic

Noun

A person who believes that people only do things to help themselves, rather than for good or sincere
reasons.

Dabble

Verb

To take part in a sport, an activity, etc. but not very seriously.

Dais

Noun

A stage, especially at one end of a room, on which people stand to make speeches to an audience.

Dapper
Dauntless
Dead letter
Deadlock
Debacle
Debilitate
Debonair
Debris
Debunk

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb

(Of a man) small with a neat appearance and nice clothes.

Not easily frightened or stopped from doing sth difficult, Syn: Resolute.
A letter that can not be delivered to an address or to the person who sent it.
A complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument, Syn: Stalemate.
An event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment.
To make sb's body or mind weaker; To make a country, an organization etc. weaker.
Fashionable and confident.
Pieces of wood, metal brick etc. that are left after sth has been destroyed.
To show that an idea, a belief etc. is false; To show that sth is not as good as people think it is.

Decapitate
Decimate
Decree
Decrepitude
Decry
Deducible

Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective

To cut off sb's head, Syn: Behead.

To kill large numbers of animals, plants or people in a particular area.
An official order from a ruler or government that becomes the law.
The state of being old and in poor condition or health.
To strongly criticize sb/sth, especially publicly, Syn: Condemn.
That can be taken away from an amount of money you earn, from tax, etc.

Deductive

Adjective

Using knowledge about things that are generally true in order to think about and understand particular
situations or problems.

Deem
Deface
Defame
Default
Defeatist
Defect
Defer
Defiance

Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun

To have a particular opinion about sth, Syn: Consider.

To damage the appearance of sth, especially by drawing or writing on it.
To harm sb by saying or writing bad or false things about them.
Failure to do sth that must be done by law, especially paying a debt.
Expecting not to succeed, and showing it in a particular situation.
A fault in sth or in the way it has been made which means that is not perfect.
To delay sth until a later time, Syn: Put off.
Open refusal to obey sth/sb.

Deficit

Noun

Defile
Definitive
Defray
Deft
Defunct

Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective

Degrade

Verb

Deity
Dejected
Delete
Deliberate
Delinquent
Deluge
Delve
Demeanour

Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun

The amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time.
To make sth dirty or no longer pure. Especially sth that people consider important or holy.
Final, not able to be changed.
To give sb back the money that they have spent on sth.
(Of a person's movement) Skilful and quick.
No longer existing, operating or being used.
To show or treat sb in a way that makes them seem not worth any respect or not worth taking seriously.
A god or goddess
Unhappy and disappointed, Syn: Despondent
To remove sth that has been written or printed, or that has been stored on a computer.
To think very carefully about sth, usually before making a decision.
(Especially of young people or their behaviour) showing a tendency to commit crimes.
A sudden very heavy fall or rain, Syn: Flood.
To search for sth inside a bag, container etc., Syn: Dig.
The way that sb looks or behaves

Demise

Noun

The end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company etc; Death.

Democracy

Noun

A system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives.

Demote
Demur
Denomination
Denote
Denounce
Depict
Deplete
Deplore
Deploy
Depose
Depreciate
Depredation
Deranged
Derivative
Desist
Desolate

Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective

To move sb to a lower position or rank, often as a punishment, Opp: Promote.

To say that you do not agree with sth or that you refuses to do sth.
A unit of value, especially of money.
To be a sign of sth, Syn: Indicate; To mean sth, Syn: Represent.
To tell the police, the authorities etc. about sb's illegal political activities.
To show an image of sb/sth in a picture.
To reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left.
To strongly disapprove of sth and criticize it, especially publicly.
To move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action.
To remove sb, especially a ruler, from power.
To become less valuable over a period of time, Opp: Appreciate.
Acts that cause damage to people's property, lives etc.
Unable to behave and think normally, especially because of mental illness
A word or thing that has been developed or produced from another word or thing
To stop doing something
very lonely and unhappy syn: Forlorn

Despoil

Verb

to steel something valuable from a place; To make a place less attractive by damaging or destroying it,
Syn: Plunder.

Despot
Destitute
Determination

Noun
Noun
Noun

A ruler with great power, especially one who uses it in curd way
With out money, food, and the other things necessary for life
the quality that makes you continue trying to do something even when this is difficult.

Determined

Adjective

if you are determine to do something you have made a from decision to do it and you will not let any one
preventing you.

Detonation
Detractor
Detrimental
Devoid
Devote
Devotee
Devotion
Dexterous
diabolical
Diagnosis
Diffident
diffuse
dilapidated
Dilate
Dilatory

Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

An explosion; the action of making something explode

A person who tries to make sb/sth seem less good or valuable by criticizing it.
Harmful Syn: Damaging
Completely lacking in sth.
( Of a person) believing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its and practices
A person who admires and a very enthusiastic about something
Great love, care and support for something
skilful with your hands that is skillfully done
Extremely bad, or annoying Syn: terrible
The act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of a illness or a problem
Not having much confidence in yourself, not wanting to talk about yourself syn: Shy
To spread something or become spread widely in all directions
(Of furniture and buildings) old and in very bad condition Syn: Ramshackle
To become or to make sth larger, wider or more open
Not acting quickly enough that I s causing delay

Dilemma
Dilute
Diminution
Din
dire
Disabuse
Disarray

Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun

a situation in which makes problems, one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between thing
of equal importance syn: Predicament
to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it Syn: water down
The act of reducing something or of being reduced
Aloud, unpleasant noise that lasts for a long time Syn: Racket
Very serous: very bad
To tell someone that what they think is true is in fact not true
A state of confusion and lack of organization in a situation or a place

disband
discard
Discerning
Disclaim
Discomfort
Disconcert
Discourse
Discredit

Verb
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb

To stop some body from operating as group: to separate or no longer operate as group.
Disagreement; Arguing, Opp: Concord.
Able to show good judgment about the quality of some one
to give up your right to sth, such as property or a title syn: Renounce.
To make some body feel anxious or embarrassed
To make some body feel anxious, confused or embarrassed Syn: disturb
A long and serious treatment of discussion of a subject in speech or writing
To make people stop believing that something is true , to make something appear unlikely to be true

discrepancy
Discrete
Discretion
Discrimination
Disembark
Disengage
Disfigure
Disgruntled
Dishearten

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb

A difference between two or more things that should be the same

Independent of other things of the same type, Syn: Separate.
The freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation
The practice of treating somebody or a particular group in society less fairly than others
To leave a vehicle, Especially a ship or an aircraft, at the end of journey opp. Embark
To free somebody from the person or thing that is holding them or it
to spoil the appearance of a person thing or place
annoyed or disappointed because something has happened to upset you
To make some one loss hope or confidence Syn: discourage

Disinterested

Adjective

Not influenced by personal feeling or by the chance of getting some advantage for yourself Syn: Impartial

Disjointed

Adjective

Not communicated or described in a clear or logical way not connected Syn: Disconnected, incoherent

Dislodge
Dismal
Dismantle
Dismay
Dismember
Dispassionate
Dispatch
Dispel
Disperse
Disposition
Disproportionate
Dissemble
Dissertation

Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun

To force some body to learn place, position or job

Causing or showing sadness Syn: Gloomy, Miserable.
To end an organization or system gradually in an organized way
To make sb feel shocked and disappointed.
To divide a country, an organization, etc. into smaller parts.
Not influenced by emotion, Syn: Impartial.
The act of sending sb/sth somewhere.
To make sth, especially a feeling or belief, go away or disappear.
To spread or to make sth spread over a wide area, Syn: Scatter.
The natural qualities of a person's character, Syn: Temperament.
Too large or too small when compared with sth else.
To hide your real feelings or intentions, often by pretending to have different ones.
A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree.

Disservice

Noun

(Idm) Do sb a disservice. To do sth that harms sb and the opinion that other people have of them.

Dissident

Noun

A person who strongly disagrees with and criticizes their government, especially in a country where this
kind of action is dangerous.

Dissuade
Distant
Distinct
Distinguish
Diverge
Diverse
Diversion
Divest
Divine
Divulge

Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb

To persuade sb not to do sth.

not friendly; Not wanting a close relationship with sb.
Clearly different or of a different kind.
To recognize the difference between two people or things, Syn: Differentiate.
To separate and go in different directions.
Very different from each other and of various kinds.
The act of changing the direction that sb/sth is following, or what sth is used for.
To remove clothes, to get rid of sth.
To find out sth by guessing.
To give sb information that is supposed to be secret, Syn: Reveal.

Document
Dogged
Dogma

Verb
Adjective
Noun

To record the details of sth.

Showing determination; Not giving up easily, Syn: Tenacious.
A belief or set of beliefs held by a group or organization, which others are expected to accept without
argument.

Doldrums
Doleful
Domicile
Don
Downcast
Downplay
Drab
Draconian
Draw
Drawl
Droll
Drone
Drudgery
Duplicity
Durable
Duress

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun

A lack of activity or improvement.

Very sad, Syn: Mournful.
The place where sb lives, especially when it is stated for official or legal purposes.
To put clothes, etc. on.
(Of eyes) Looking down.
To make people think that sth is less important than it really is, Syn: Play down.
Without interest or colour; Dull and boring.
(Of a law, punishment, etc.) Extremely cruel and severe.
A game in which both teams or players finish with the same number of points.
To speak or say sth slowly with vowel sounds that are longer than usual.
Amusing, but not in a way that you expect.
To make a continuous low noise.
Hard boring work.
Dishonest behavior that is intended to make sb believe sth which is not true, Syn: Deceit.
Likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker.
Threats or force that are used to make sb do sth.

Dutiful

Adjective

Doing everything that you are expected to do; Willing to obey and to show respect, Syn: Obedient.

Dynamic
Dynasty

Adjective
Noun

(Of a person) Having a lot of energy and strong personality.

A series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family.

Earthy

Adjective

Concerned with the body, sex, etc. in an open and direct way that some people find rude or embarrassing.

Ebb

Verb

To become gradually weaker or less, Syn: Decrease.

Eccentricity

Noun

Behaviour that people think is strange or unusual; The quality of being unusual and different from other
people.

Ecclesiastical

Noun

A priest or minister in the Christian church.

Eclipse

Noun

An occasion when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that you can not see all or part of
the sun for a time; An occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you can not
see all or part of the moon for a time.

Ecology

Noun

The relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment.

Economy

Noun

The relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region.

Ecosystem

Noun

All the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment.

Edible
Edict
Edifice
Effectual

Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective

Efficacy

Noun

Effusive
Egoist
Ejaculation
Elaborate
Elation

Adjective
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun

Fit or suitable to be eaten; Not poisonous.

An official order or statement given by sb in authority, Syn: Decree.
A large impressive building
(Of things, not people) Producing the result that was intended, Syn: Effective.
The ability of sth, especially drug or a medical treatment, to produce the results that are wanted, Syn:
Effectiveness.
Showing much or too much emotion.
A person who thinks that he or she is better than or more important than any one else.
A sudden shout or sound that you make when you are angry or surprised, Syn: Exclamation.
To explain or describe sth in more detailed way.
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.

Electorate
Elegy

Noun
Noun

The people in a country or an area who have the right to vote, thought of as a group.
A poem or song that expresses sadness, especially for sb who has died.

Elite

Noun

A group of people in a society, etc. who are powerful and have a lot of influence, because they are rich,
intelligent etc.

Elliptical

Adjective

Elocution

Noun

Emanate
Emancipate
Embargo
Embed
Embellish
Embezzle
Embody
Embroider
Embroil
Embryonic

Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Adjective

Connected with or in the form of an ellipse.

The ability to speak clearly and correctly, especially in public and pronouncing the words in a way that is
considered to be socially acceptable.
To produce or show sth.
To free sb, especially from legal, political or social restrictions, Syn: Set free.
An official order that bans trade with another country, Syn: Boycott.
To fix sth firmly into a substance or solid object.
To make sth more beautiful by adding decorations to it, Syn: Decorate.
To steal money that you are responsible for or that belongs to your employer
To express or represent an idea or a quality, Syn: Represent.
To decorate cloth with a pattern of stitches usually using coloured threads.
To involve sb/yourself in an argument or a difficult situation.
In an early stage of development.

Emissary

Noun

A person who is sent to deliver an official message, especially from one country to another, or to perform
a special task, Syn: Envoy.

Empathy
Empiricism
Empower
Encompass
Encumber
Endear
Endearment

Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Noun

The ability to understand another person's feelings, experience etc.

The use of experiments or experience as the basis for your ideas.
To give sb the power or authority to do sth, Syn: Authorize.
To surround or cover sth completely.
To be large and/or heavy and make it difficult for sb to move.
To make sb/yourself popular.
A word or an expression that is used to show affection.

Endow

Verb

To give a large sum of money to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income.

Enduring
Energize
Engaging
Engross
Enhance
Enigmatic
Enlighten
Enmity
Enormity
Ensue
Ensure

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb

Lasting for a long time.

To give sb more energy, strength etc.
Interesting or pleasant in a way that attracts your attention.
If sth engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention and time.
To increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of sb/sth.
Mysterious and difficult to understand.
To give sb information so that they understand sth better.
Feelings of hatred towards sb.
(Of a problem etc.) The very great size, effect etc. of sth; The fact of sth being very serious.
To happen after or as a result of another event, Syn: Follow.
To make sure that sth happens or is definite

Enterprising

Adjective

Having or showing the ability to think of new projects or new ways of doing things and make them
successful.

Entice

Verb

To persuade sb/sth to go somewhere or to do sth, usually by offering them sth, Syn: Persuade.

Entity

Noun

Something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity.

Entrails

Noun

The organ inside the body of a person or an animal, especially their intestines, Syn: Innards, Insides.

Entreat
Entrench

Verb
Verb

To ask sb to do sth in a serious and often emotional way, Syn: Beg, Implore.
To establish sth very firmly so that it is very difficult to change

Entrepreneur

Noun

A person who makes money by starting or running business, especially when this involves taking financial
risk.

Enumerate

Verb

To name things on a list one by one.

Environment

Noun

The conditions that affect the behaviour and development of sb/sth; The physical conditions that sb/sth
exists in.

Envision

Verb

To imagine what a situation will be like in the future, especially a situation you intend to work towards.

Envy

Noun

The feeling of wanting to be in the same situation as sb else; The feeling of wanting sth that sb else has.

Eon
Epic
Epigram

Noun
Noun
Noun

An extremely long period of time, thousands of years, Syn: Aeon.

A long poem about the actions of great men and women or about a nation's history.
A short poem or phrase that expresses an idea in a clever or amusing way.

Epilogue

Noun

A speech, etc. at the end of a play, book, or film/movie that comments on or acts as a conclusion to what
has happened.

Epitome

Noun

A perfect example of sth, Syn: Embodiment.

Epoch

Noun

A period of time in history, especially one during which important events or changes happen, Syn: Era.

Equilibrium
Equitable
Equity

Noun
Adjective
Noun

A state of balance, especially between opposing forces or influences.

Fair and reasonable; Treating everyone in an equal way, Syn: Fair, Opp: Inequitable.
A situation in which everyone is treated equally, Syn: Fairness, Opp: Inequity.

Erratic

Adjective

Not happening at regular times; Not following any plan or regular pattern; That you can not rely on, Syn:
Unpredictable.

Erroneous
Espy

Adjective
Verb

Not correct; Based on wrong information.

To see sb/sth suddenly, Syn: Catch sight of, Spy.

Essential

Adjective

Completely necessary; Extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity, Syn: Vital.

Esteem
Estimable
Ethic
Ethnic
Ethos
Eulogy
Euphoria
Even-handed
Evince
Evoke
Evolution
Exasperate
Excise
Exclaim

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb
Verb

Great respect and admiration; A good opinion of sb.

Deserving respect and admiration.
Moral principle that control or influence a person's behaviour.
Connected with or belonging to a nation, race or people that share a cultural tradition.
The moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society.
A speech or piece of writing praising sth/sb very much.
An extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement that usually lasts only a short time.
Completely fair, especially when dealing with different groups of people.
To show clearly that you have a feeling or quality.
To bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind.
The gradual development of sth.
To annoy or irritate sb very much, Syn: Infuriate.
To remove sth completely.
To say sth suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain.

Exempt

Verb

To give or get sb's official permission not to do sth or not to pay sth they would normally have to do or pay.

Exhort

Verb

To try hard to persuade sb to do sth, Syn: Urge.

Exhume

Verb

To remove a dead body from the ground especially in order to examine how the person died, Syn: Dig up.

Exigency
Exodus
Exorbitant

Noun
Noun
Adjective

An urgent need or demand that you must deal with, Syn: Demand.
A situation in which many people leave a place at the same time.
(Of a price) much too high.

Exotic

Adjective

From or in another country, especially a tropical one; Seeming exciting and unusual because it is
connected with foreign countries.

Expatriate
Expenditure
Expertise
Exploit
Exploit
Exposition
Exposure

Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun

A person living in a country that is not their own.

The act of spending or using money; An amount of money spent.
Expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job.
A brave, exciting or interesting act.
To treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself.
A full explanation of a theory, plan etc.
The state of showing sth that is usually hidden.

Expropriate

Verb

(Of a government or an authority) To officially take away private property from its owner for public use.

Expunge

Verb

To remove or get rid of sth, such as a name, piece of information or a memory, from a book or list, or from
your mind, Syn: Erase.

Expurgate

Verb

To remove or leave out parts of a piece of writing or a conversation when printing or reporting it, because
you think those parts could offend people.

Exquisite
Extant
Extempore
Extinct
Extort

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb

Extremely beautiful or carefully made.

(Of sth very old) Still in existence.
Spoken or done without any previous thought or preparation, Syn: Impromptu.
(Of a type of plant, animal etc.) No longer in existence.
To make sb give you sth by threatening them.

Extradite

Verb

To officially send back sb who has been accused or found guilty of a crime to the country where the crime
was committed.

Extrapolate

Verb

To estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one
situation and supposing that they will be valid for the new one.

Extreme
Extremity

Noun
Noun

The greatest or highest degree of sth.

The furthest point, end or limit of sth.

Extrinsic

Adjective

Not belonging naturally to sb/sth; coming from or existing outside sb/sth rather than with in them.

Extrovert
Exuberant

Noun
Adjective

A lively and confident person who enjoys being with other people, Opp: Introvert.
Full of energy, excitement and happiness.

Exude

Verb

If you exude a particular feeling or quality, or it exudes from you, people can easily see that you have it.

Exult

Verb

To feel and show that you are very excited and happy because of sth that has happened.

Fabricate

Verb

To make or produce goods, equipment etc. from various different materials, Syn: Manufacture.

Facet
Facsimile
Faculty
Fallacy
Fallible
Fanatic
Fanciful
Fanfare
Farce
Fastidious
Fatal

Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective

Fatalism

Noun

One of the flat sides of a jewel.

An exact copy of sth.
Any of the physical or mental abilities that a person is born with.
A false idea that many people believe is true.
Able to make mistakes or be wrong.
A person who is extremely enthusiastic about sth, Syn: Enthusiast.
Based on imagination and not facts or reason.
A short loud piece of music that is played to celebrate.
A funny play for the theatre based on ridiculous and unlikely situations and events.
Being careful that every detail of sth is correct, Syn: Meticulous.
Causing or ending in death.
The belief that events are decided by fate and that you can not control them; The fact of accepting that you
can not prevent sth from happening.

Fate

Noun

The power that is believed to control everything that happens and that can not be stopped or changed.

Fathom
Fawn
Faze
Fecund
Feign
Fell
Felony

Verb
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun

Feminist

Noun

Ferocity
Ferret
Festive
Fetter
Fiasco
Fiat
Fickle
Fictitious
Fidelity

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun

Violence; Aggressive behaviour.

To search for sth that is lost or hidden among a lot of things.
Typical of a special event or celebration.
To put chains around a prisoner's feet.
Something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment, Syn: Disaster.
An official order given by sb in authority, Syn: Decree.
Changing often and suddenly.
Invented by sb rather than true.
The quality of being loyal to sb/sth.

Figment

Noun

(Idm) A figment of sb's imagination. Something that sb has imagined and does not really exist.

To understand or find an explanation for sth.

To try to please sb by praising them or paying them too much attention.
To make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do, Syn: Disconcert.
Able to produce a lot of children, crops etc., Syn: Fertile.
To pretend that you have a particular feeling or that you are ill/sick, tired, etc.
Very evil and violent.
The act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape.
A person who supports the belief that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.

Figurative

Adjective

(Of language, words, phrases etc.) used in a way that is different from the usual meaning, in order to
create a particular mental picture.

Filial
Finale
Firebrand
Fiscal
Fissure
Flare
Fledging
Fleece

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun

Connected with the way children behave towards their parents.

The last part of a show or a piece of music.
A person who is always encouraging other people.
Connected with government or public money, especially taxes.
A long deep crack in sth, especially in rock or in the earth,
To suddenly start or become much stronger, Syn: Erupt
A person, an organization or a system that is new and without experience.
A type of soft warm cloth that feels like sheep's wool

Flick

Verb

To hit sth with a sudden quick movement, especially using your finger and thumb together, or your hand.

Flippant
Florid
Flounder
Flourish

Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Verb

Fluctuate

Verb

To change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc. especially from one extreme to another, Syn: Vary.

Fluency

Noun

The quality of being able to speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well.

Fluke
Fodder
Foolhardy

Noun
Noun
Adjective

Showing that you do not take sth as seriously as other people think you should.
(Of a person's face) Red.
To struggle to know what to say or do or how to continue with sth.
To develop quickly and be successful or common, Syn: Thrive.

A lucky or unusual thing that happens by accident, not because of planning or skill.
Food for horses and farm animals.
Taking unnecessary risks, Syn: Reckless.

Forbearance

Noun

The quality of being patient and sympathetic towards other people, especially when they have done sth
wrong.

Foreboding

Noun

A strong feeling that sth unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen.

Foreclose
Forensic
Foreshadow
Foresight
Forestall
Forgo
Formality
Forsake

Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb

Forswear

Verb

Forthright

Adjective

Fortitude

Noun

Foster
Founder
Fragmentary
Frail
Frugal
Fruitful
Fruition
Frustrate
Fuel
Fugitive
Fulcrum
Fulminate
Fulsome
Fusion

Verb
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun

(Especially of a bank) To take control of sb's property because they have not paid back money that they
borrowed to buy it.
Connected with or used in court.
To be a sign of sth that will happen in the future.
The ability to predict what is likely to happen and to use this to prepare for the future.
To prevent sth from happening or sb from doing sth by doing sth first.
To decide not to have or do sth that you would like to have or do.
A thing that you must do as a formal or official part of a legal process, a social situation, etc.
To leave sb/sth, especially when you have a responsibility to stay, Syn: Abandon.
To stop doing or using sth; To make a promise that you will stop doing or using sth, Syn: Renounce.
Direct and honest in manner and speech, Syn: Frank.
Courage shown by sb who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties, Syn: Bravery, Courage.
To encourage sth to develop, Syn: Promote.
A person who starts an organization, institution etc. or cause sth to built.
Made of small parts that are not connected or complete.
(Especially of an old person) Physically weak and thin,
Using only as much money or food as is necessary, Opp: Extravagant.
Producing many useful results, Syn: Productive.
The successful result of a plan, a process or an activity.
To prevent sth from doing sth; To prevent sth from happening or succeeding, Syn: Thwart.
To supply sth with material that can be burnt to produce heat or power.
Lasting only for a very short time, syn: Fleeting.
The most important part of an activity or a situation.
To criticize sb/sth angrily
Too generous in praising or thanking sb, or in saying sorry, so that you do not sound sincere.
The process or result of joining two or more things together to form one.

Gainsay

Verb

(Often used in negative sentences) To say that sth is not true; To disagree with or deny sth. Syn: Deny.

Galaxy
Galvanize

Noun
Verb

Any of the large systems of stars, etc. in outer space.

To cover metal with zinc in order to protect it from Rust.

Gambit

Noun

A thing that sb does, or sth that sb says at the beginning of a situation or conversation, that is intended to
give them some advantage.

Gamely
Garner
Garnish
Garrulous
Gastronomy
Gaunt

Adverb
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Generality

Noun

Generic
Genesis
Genial
Genocide
Germinal
Germinate

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb

In a way that seems brave, although a lot of effort is involved.

To obtain or collect sth such as information, support etc. Syn: Gather, Acquire.
To decorate a dish of food with a small amount of another food.
Talking a lot, especially about unimportant things, Syn: Talkative.
The art and practice of cooking and eating good food.
(Of a person) Very thin, usually because of illness, not having enough food, or worry.
A statement that discusses general principles or issues rather than details or particular examples.
(Of a product, especially a drug) Not using the name of the company that made it.
The beginning or origin of sth.
Friendly and cheerful, Syn: Affable.
The murder of a whole race or group of people.
Connected with a germ.
When the seed of a plant germinates or is germinated, it starts to grow.

Gesticulate

Verb

To move your hands and arms about in order to attract attention or make sb understand what you are
saying.

Ghetto

Noun

An area of a city where many people of the same race or background live, separately from the rest of the
population; Ghettos are often crowded, with bad living conditions.

Girder
Girth
Gist
Glaring

Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective

Glaze

Noun

Glib

Adjective

A long strong iron or steel bar used for building bridges and the framework of large buildings.
The measurement around sth, especially a person's waist.
The main or general meaning of a piece of writing, a speech or a conversation.
(Of sth bad) Very easily seen, Syn: Blatant.
A thin clear liquid put on clay objects such as cups and plates before they are finished, to give them a hard
shiny surface.
(Of speakers and speech) Using words that are clever, but are not sincere, and do not show much
thought.

Glimmer

Verb

To shine with a faint unsteady light.

Gloat

Verb

To show that you are happy about your own success or sb else's failure, in an unpleasant way, Syn: Crow.

Gloss over

Verb

To avoid talking about sth unpleasant and embarrassing by not dealing with it in detail.

Glossary

Noun

A list of technical or special words, especially those in a particular text, explaining their meanings.

Glossy
Glower
Glucose
Goad
Graduated
Grandiloquent
Granulated Sugar
Graphic
Grapple
Gratis
Grill

Adjective
Verb
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adverb
Verb

Smooth and shiny,

To look in an angry, aggressive way, Syn: Glare.
A type of sugar that is found in fruit and is easily changed into energy by the human body.
To keep irritating or annoying sb/sth until they react.
(Of a container or measure) marked with lines to show measurement, Syn: Calibrated.
Using long or complicated words in order to impress people, Syn: Pompous.
White sugar in the form of white grains.
Connected with drawings and design especially in the production of book, magazines etc.
To take a firm hold of sb/sth and struggle with them.
Done or given without having to be paid for, Syn: Free of Charge.
To ask sb a lot of questions about their ideas, actions etc. often in an unpleasant way.

Grimace

Noun

Grisly
Grudging
Grueling

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

Extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence.
Given or done unwillingly, Syn: Reluctant.
Very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time, Syn: Punishing.

Gruesome

Adjective

Very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury.

Guileless

Adjective

Behaving in a very honest way; Not knowing how to trick people.

An ugly expression made by twisting your face, used to show pain, disgust etc. or to make sb laugh.

A way in which sb/sth appears, often in a way that is different from usual or that hides the truth about
them/it.

Guise

Noun

Gullible

Adjective

Too willing to believe or accept what other people tell you and therefore easily tricked, Syn: Nave.

Gusto
Gusty
Gynaecologist
Habituated
Haemorrhage
Haggard
Haggle
Hallowed

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

Enthusiasm and energy in doing sth.

With the wind blowing in gusts.
A doctor who studies and treats the medical conditions and diseases of women.
Familiar with sth because you have done it or experienced it often, Syn: Accustomed.
A medical condition in which there is severe loss of blood from inside a person's body.
Looking very tired because of illness, worry or lack of sleep, Syn: Drawn.
To argue with sb in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of sth.
(Especially of old things) respected and important, Syn: Sacred.

Hallucination

Noun

The fact of seeming to see or hear sb/sth that is not really there, especially because of illness or drugs.

Halting

Adjective

(Especially of speech or movement) Stopping and starting often, especially because you are not certain or
are not very confident, Syn: Hesitant.

Hanger
Haphazard

Noun
Adjective

A large building in which aircraft are kept.

With no particular order or plan; Not organized well.

Harass
Hard-pressed
Harp on
Harrowing
Hasten
Hazardous
Headless
Headlong
Headstrong
Hedonism
Hegemony
Heinous
Heterogeneous
Heuristic
Heyday

Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adverb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun

To annoy or worry sb by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them.
Having a lot of problems, especially too much work and too little time or money.
To keep talking about sth in a boring or annoying way.
Very shocking or frightening and making you feel very upset.
To say or do sth without delay.
Involving risk or danger, especially to sb's health or safety.
Not paying careful attention to sb/sth,
Quickly and without looking where you are going.
A headstrong person is determined to do things their own way and refuses to listen advice.
The belief that the pleasure is the most important thing in life.
Control by one country, organization etc. over other countries, etc. within a particular group.
Morally very bad.
Consisting of many different kinds of people or things.
Heuristic teaching or education encourages you to learn by discovering things for yourself.
The time when sb/sth had most power of success, or was most popular, Syn: Prime.
A system, especially in a society or an organization, in which people are organized into different levels of
importance from highest to lowest.

Hierarchy

Noun

Hilarity
Histrionic
Hoax

Noun
Adjective
Noun

Holocaust

Noun

A situation in which many things are destroyed and many people killed, especially because of a war or a
fire.

Holster

Noun

A leather case worn on a belt or on a narrow piece of leather under the arm, used for carrying a small gun.

Homage
Homicide
Homily

Noun
Noun
Noun

Something that is said or done to show respect for sb.

The crime of killing sb deliberately, Syn: Murder.
A speech or piece of writing giving advice on the correct way to behave, etc.

Homoeopathy

Noun

A system of treating diseases or conditions using very small amount of the substance that causes the
disease or condition.

Hone
Honorary
Hoodwink

Verb
Adjective
Verb

Hormone

Noun

Horticulture
Hospitable
Hostility
Hover
Humid
Humiliate
Hurtle
Husband

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Verb

A state of great amusement which makes people laugh.

Of or concerning actors or acting.
An act intended to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasant.

To make a blade sharp or sharper, Syn: Sharpen.

(Of a position in an organization) not paid.
To trick sb.
A chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the
cells and tissues function.
The study or practice of growing flowers, fruit and vegetables.
(Of a person) Pleased to welcome guests; Generous and friendly to visitors, Syn: Welcoming.
Unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour.
(Of a person) To wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner.
(Of the air or climate) Warm and damp.
To make sb feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people.
To move very fast in a particular direction.
To use sth very carefully and make sure that you do not waste it.

Hyperbole

Noun

A way of speaking or writing that makes sth sound better, more exciting, dangerous, etc. than it really is,
Exaggeration.

Hypothesis

Noun

An idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be
true or correct, Syn: Theory.

Iconoclast
Ideology
Idiom
Idolatry
Ignoble
Ignorant
Illegal
Illimitable
Illiterate
Illuminate
Illusion

Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Noun

Imbalance

Noun

Imbue
Immanent
Immature
Immobile

Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

To fill sb/sth with strong feelings, opinions or values, Syn: Infuse.

Present at a natural part of sth; present everywhere.
Behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger.
Not moving, Syn: Motionless.

Impassable

Adjective

(Of a road, an area etc.) impossible to travel on or through, especially because it is in bad condition or it
has been blocked by sth.

Impasse

Noun

A difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved can not agree what to
do, Syn: Deadlock.

Impeach

Verb

(Of a court or other official body especially in the US) To charge an important public figure with a serious
crime.

Impeccable
Impede
Impel
Impending
Impenetrable
Imperative
Imperial
Imperturbable
Impetuous
Impiety
Impinge
Impious
Implication
Imply
Imponderable
Impose
Imposter
Impotent
Impoverish
Impracticable
Impregnable
Impromptu

Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

A person who criticizes popular beliefs or established customs and ideas.

A set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on.
A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings to the individual words.
The practice of worshipping statutes as gods.
Not good or honest; That should make you feel shame, Syn: Base
Lacking knowledge or information about sth; Not educated.
Not allowed by the law.
Limitless.
(Of a person) Not knowing how to read or write.
To shine light on sth; To make sth clearer or easier to understand, Syn: Clarify.
Something that seems to exist but in fact does not, or seems to be sth that is not.
A situation in which two or more things are not the same size or are not treated the same, in a way that is
unfair or causes problems.

Without mistakes or faults, Syn: Perfect.

To delay or stop the progress of sth, Syn: Hinder.
If an idea or feeling impels you to do sth, you feel as if you are forced to do it.
(Usually of an unpleasant event) That is going to happen very soon, Syn: Imminent.
That can not be entered, passed through or seen through.
Very important and needing immediate attention or action, Syn: Vital
Connected with an empire.
Not easily upset or worried by a difficult situation; Calm.
Acting or done quickly and without thinking carefully about the results, Syn: Rash, Impulsive.
Lack of respect for God.
To have a noticeable effect on sth/sb, especially a bad one, Syn: Encroach.
Showing a lack of respect for God or religion.
Something that is suggested or indirectly stated.
To make it seem likely that sth is true or exists, Syn: Suggest.
Something that is difficult to measure or estimate.
To force sb/sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant.
A person who pretends to be sb else in order to trick people.
(Of a man) Unable to achieve an erection and therefore unable to have full sex.
To make sb poor.
Impossible or very difficult to do; Not practical in a particular situation,
An impregnable building is so strong built that it can not be entered by force.
Done without preparation or planning, Syn: Improvised.

Improvise

Verb

To make or do sth using whatever is available, usually because you do not have what you really need,

Impugn
Impunity
Inaccessible
Inanition
Inaudible
Inaugurate
Inborn

Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

Incantation

Noun

Incarnate
Incendiary
Incidence
Inclement
Inclined
Incoherent

Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

To give a definite or human form to a particular idea or quality, Syn: Embody.

Designed to cause fires, Syn: Inflammatory.
The extent to which sth happens or has an effect.
(Of the weather) Not pleasant; Cold; Wet etc.
Tending to do sth; Likely to do sth.
(Of sound) Not clear and hard to understand, Syn: Unintelligible.

Inconsistent

Adjective

If two statements, etc., are inconsistent or one is inconsistent with the other, they can not both be true
because they give the facts in a different way.

Incorporeal
Incorrigible
Incredulous

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

Without a body or form.

Having bad habits which can not be changed or improved, Syn: Incurable.
Not willing or not able to believe sth; Showing an inability to believe sth,

Inculcate
Incumbent
Incur
Incurable
Incursion
Indefatigable
Indelible
Indenture
Indescribable
Indeterminate
Indices
Indict
Indifferent
Indignation
Indignity

Verb
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Indisputable
Indivisible

Adjective
Adjective

Indoctrinate

Verb

Indomitable
Indubitably
Induce
Inductive

Adjective
Adverb
Verb
Adjective

To express doubts about whether sth is right, honest etc., Syn: Challenge.
If a person does sth bad with impunity, they do not get punished for what they have done.
Difficult or impossible to reach or to get.
Emptiness
That you can not hear.
To introduce a new development or an important change.
An inborn quality is one that you are born with, Syn: Innate.
Special words that are spoken or sung to have a magic effect; The act of speaking or singing these words.

To cause sb to learn and remember ideas, moral principles, etc.. Especially by repeating them often.
A person who has an official position.
If you incur sth unpleasant, you are in a situation in which you have to deal with it.
That can not be cured.
A sudden attack on a place by foreign armies etc.
Never giving up or getting tired of doing sth.
Impossible to forget or remove, Syn: Permanent.
A type of contract in the past that forced a servant, apprentice to work for their employer for a particular
period of time.
So extreme or unusual it is almost impossible to describe.
That can not be identified easily or exactly.
A system that shows the level of prices and wages, etc. so that they can be compared with those of a
previous data.
To officially charge sb with a crime
Having or showing no interest in sb/sth.
A feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth that you think is unfair or unreasonable.
A situation that makes you feel embarrassed or ashamed because you are not treated with respect; An act
that causes these feelings, Syn: Humiliate.
That is true and can not be disagreed with or denied, Syn: Undeniable.
That can not be divided into separate parts.
To force sb to accept a particular belief or set of beliefs and not allow them to consider any other
Not willing to accept defeat, even in a difficult situation; Very brave and determined.
In a way that can not be doubted; without question, Syn: Undoubtedly.
To persuade or influence sb to do sth.
Using particular facts and examples to form general rules and principles.

Indulgent
Industrious
Inept
Ineradicable
Inevitable
Inexorable
Inexplicable
Infallible
Infamy
Infantile
Infer

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb

Infernal

Adjective

Infidel

Noun

Infirmity
Inflammable
Inflated
Influx
Informal
Infraction

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun

Infrastructure

Noun

Infuriate
Infuse
Ingratiate
Inhibit
Inimitable
Initiate
Injurious
Inkling
Innate
Innocuous
Innovative
Inopportune
Inordinate
Inquisition

Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun

Tending to allow sb to have or do whatever they want.

Working hard; Busy, Syn: Hard-working.
Acting or done with no skill.
(Of a quality or situation) That can not be removed or changed.
That you can not avoid or prevent, Syn: Unavoidable.
(Of a process) That can not be stopped or changed, Syn: Relentless.
That can not be understood or explained, Syn: Incomprehensible.
Never wrong; Never making mistakes.
The state of being well known for sth bad or evil.
Typical of a small child (and therefore not suitable for adults or older children), Syn: Childish.
To reach an opinion or decide that sth is true on the basis of information that is available, Syn: Deduce
Extremely annoying; Connected with hell.
An offensive way of referring to sb who does not believe in what the speaker considers to be the true
religion.
Weakness or illness over a long period.
Full of strong emotions or violence (Also Flammable)
(especially of prices) Higher than is acceptable or reasonable.
The fact of a lot of people, money, or things arriving somewhere.
Relaxed and friendly; Not following strict rules of how to behave or do sth.
An act of breaking a rule or law, Syn: Infringement.
The basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for
example buildings, transport and water and power supplies.
To make sb extremely angry, Syn: Enrage.
To make sb/sth have a particular quality.
To do things in order to make sb like you, especially sb who will be useful to you.
To prevent sth from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal.
Too good or individual for any one else to copy with the same effect.
To make sth begin, Syn: Set in motion.
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage, Syn: Damaging.
A slight knowledge of sth that is happening or about to happen, Syn: Suspicion.
(Of a quality, feeling etc.) That you have when you are born, Syn: Inborn.
Not harmful or dangerous, Syn: Harmless.
Introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing sth etc.
Happening at a bad time, Syn: Inappropriate, Inconvenient.
Far more than is usual or expected, Syn: Excessive.
A series of questions that sb asks you, especially when they ask them in an unpleasant way,

Inquisitor

Noun

A person who asks a lot of difficult questions, especially in a way that makes you feel threatened.

Insatiable

Adjective

Always wanting more sth; Not able to be satisfied.

Inscrutable

Adjective

If a person or their expression is inscrutable, it is hard to know what they are thinking or feeling, because
they do not show any emotion.

Insensible
Insightful
Insinuate
Insoluble
Insolvent
Insubordination
Insubstantial

Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Unable to feel sth or react to it.

Showing a clear understanding of a person or situation, Syn: Perceptive.
To suggest indirectly that sth unpleasant is true, Syn: Imply.
(Of a substance) that does not dissolve in a liquid.
Not having enough money to pay what you owe, Syn: Bankrupt.
The refusal to obey orders or show respect for sb who has a higher rank, Syn: Disobedience.
Not real or solid.

Insufferable
Insurgent
Insurmountable
Insurrection

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun

Extremely annoying; Unpleasant and difficult to bear, Syn: Unbearable

A person fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country.
(Of difficulties, problems etc.) that can not be dealt with successfully, Syn: Insuperable.
A situation in which a large group of people try to take political control of their own country with violence,
Syn: Uprising.

Integral

Adjective

Intellect

Noun

The ability to think in a logical way and understand things, especially at an advanced level; Your mind.

Intelligentsia

Noun

The people in a country or society who are well educated and are interested in culture, politics, literature
etc.

Interface
Interim
Interlude
Interminable
Intermittent
Interrogate
Intersperse
Intervene
Intimate
Intractable

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Verb
Verb
Adjective

The point where two subjects, systems etc. meet and affect each other.
Intended to last for only a short time until sb/sth more permanent is found.
A period of time between two events during which sth different happens.
Lasting a very long time and therefore boring or annoying, Syn: Endless.
Stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly, Syn: Sporadic.
To ask sb a lot of questions over a long period of time, especially in an aggressive way,
To put sth in sth else or among or between other things.
To interrupt sb when they are speaking in order to say sth.
To let sb know what you think or mean in an indirect way, Syn: Make known.
(Of a problem or a person) very difficult to deal with, Opp: Tractable.

Intransigent

Adjective

(Of people) Unwilling to change their opinions or behaviour in a way that would be helpful to others, Syn:
Stubborn.

Intrigue
Intrinsic
Invective
Inverse
Invincible
Inviolate
Irate
Irksome

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

The activity of making secret plans in order to achieve an aim, often by tricking people.
Belonging to or part of the real nature of sth/sb.
Rude language and unpleasant remarks when sb shouts when they are very angry.
Opposite in amount or position to sth else.
Too strong to be defeated or changed, Syn: Unconquerable.
That has been, or must be, respected or can not be attacked or destroyed.
Very angry
Annoying or irritating, Syn: Tiresome

Irony
Irrational
Irrefutable
Irrelevant
Irreparable
Irrepressible
Irretrievable
Irrevocable

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

Being an essential part of sth.

The use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice
that shows this.
Not based on, or not using, clear logical thought, Syn: Unreasonable.
That can not be proved wrong and that must be therefore be accepted.
Not important to or connected with a situation.
(Of a loss, injury etc.) Too bad or too serious to repair or put right.
(Of a person) Lively, happy and full of energy, Syn: Ebullient.
That you can never make right or get back.
That can not be changed.

Noun

Words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for
others to understand.

Jaundiced

Adjective

Not expecting sb/sth to be good or useful, especially because of experiences that you have had in the
past.

Jaunty
Jealous
Jeopardize

Adjective
Adjective
Verb

Showing that you are feeling confident and pleased with yourself, Syn: Cheerful.
Feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else.
To risk harming or destroying sth/sb, Syn: Endanger.

Jargon

Jingoism

Noun

Jocular

Adjective

A strong belief that your own country is best, especially when this is expressed in support of war with
another country.
(1) Humorous, (2) (Of a person) enjoying making people laugh, Syn: Jolly.

Joist
Jostle
Jovial
Jubilation
Junction
Junk
Junta
Jurisprudence
Justification

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun

A long thick piece of wood or metal that is used to support a floor or ceiling in a building.
To push roughly against sb in a crowd.
Very cheerful and friendly.
A feeling of great happiness because of a success.
The place where two or more roads or railway/railroads lines meet.
Things that are considered useless or of little value, Syn: Rubbish, Garbage.
A military government that has taken power by force.
The scientific study of law.
A good reason why sth exists or is done.

Juxtapose

Verb

To put people or things together, especially in order to show a contrast or a new relationship between
them.

Kaleidoscope

Noun

A toy consisting of a tube that you look through with loose pieces of coloured glass and mirrors at the end.
When the tube is turned, the pieces of glass move and form different pattern.

Kindred
Kindred
Kinetic
Kleptomania
Knave
Knit
Laborious
Labyrinth
Laches
Lacuna
Languid
Lap
Larceny

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Largess

Noun

Very similar, related

Your family and relatives
of or produced by movement.
A mental illness in which sb has a strong desire, which they can not control, to steal things.
A dishonest man or boy.
To join people or things closely together or to be joined closely together.
Taking a lot of time and effort, Syn: Onerous, Taxing.
A complicated series of paths, which it is difficult to find your way through.
Inexcusably delay
A place where sth is missing in a piece of writing or in an idea, a theory etc., Syn: Gap.
Moving slowly in an elegant manner, not needing energy or effort.
The top part of your legs that forms a flat surface when you are sitting down.
The crime of stealing sth from sb. Syn: Theft.
The act or quality of being generous with money; Money that you give to people who have less than you.

Lascivious
Lassitude
Lateral
Latitude
Lavish

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Feeling or showing strong sexual desire.

A state of feeling very tired in mind or body; lack of energy.
Connected with the side of sth or with movement to the side.
Freedom to choose what you do or the way that you do it, Syn: Liberty.
Large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money, Syn: Extravagant.

Lax

Adjective

Not strict, severe or careful enough about work, rules or standards of behaviour, Syn: Slack, Careless.

Layman

Noun

A person who does not have expert knowledge of a particular subject.

Leery

Adjective

Suspicious or careful about sth/sb, and trying to avoid doing it or dealing with them, Syn: Wary.

Legend
Lenient
Lethal
Leverage
Levy
Lexicon
Liability

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun

The explanation of a map or a diagram in a book, Syn: Key

Not as strict as expected when punishing sb or when making sure that rules are obeyed.
Causing or able to cause death, Syn: Deadly
The ability to influence what people do.
To use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax etc.
A dictionary, especially one of an ancient language, such as Greek or Hebrew.
The state of being legally responsible for sth.

Liaison

Noun

(1) A relationship between two organizations or different departments in an organization, involving the
exchange of information or ideas. (2) A secret sexual relationship, especially if one or both partners are
married, Syn: Affair.

Libel
Licentious
Limpid
Lineage
Linguist
Lintel
Liquidate
List
Listless

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective

The act of printing a statement about sth that is not true and that gives people a bad opinion of them.
Behaving in a way that is considered sexually immoral.
(Of Liquids etc.) Clear, Syn: Transparent.
The series of families that somebody comes from originally, Syn: Ancestry.
A person who knows several foreign languages well.
A piece of wood or stone over a door or window, that forms part of the frame.
To destroy or remove sb/sth that causes problems, Syn: Annihilate.
The fact of a ship leaning to one side.
Having no energy or enthusiasm.
(1) A series of prayers to God for use in church services, spoken by a priest, etc. with set responses by
people. (2) A long boring account of a series of events, reasons etc.

Litany

Noun

Livid

Adjective

Lobby

Verb

To try to influence a politician or the Government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a
change in the law.

Log

Noun

An official record of events during a particular period of time, especially a journey on a ship or plane.

Loiter
Loom
Lotus
Ludicrous
Luminous
Lunar

Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

(1) Extremely angry, Syn: Furious. (2) Dark Bluish grey in Colour.

To stand or wait somewhere especially with no obvious reason, Syn: Hang around.
To appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening or threatening way.
A tropical plant with white or pink flowers that grows on the surface of lakes in Africa and Asia.
Unreasonable; That you can not take seriously, Syn: Absurd, Ridiculous.
Shining in the dark; Giving out light.
Connected with moon.

Lunge

Noun

A sudden powerful forward movement of the body and arm that a person makes towards another person
or thing, especially when attacking or trying to take hold of them.

Lurk

Verb

To wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do sth bad or illegal, Syn: Skulk

Lustrous
Luxuriate
Lyrical
Magnanimous
Maiden Speech
Malefactor
Malevolent
Malice
Malignant
Malinger
Mammal
Mammoth
Mandate
Mandatory

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Soft and shining, Syn: Glossy

To relax while enjoying sth very pleasant.
Expressing strong emotion in a way that is beautiful and shows imagination, Syn: Expressive.
Kind, generous and forgiving, especially towards an enemy or a rival.
A speech made for the first time.
A person who does wrong, illegal or immoral things.
Having or showing a desire to harm other people, Syn: Malicious, Wicked.
A feeling of hatred for sb that causes a desire to harm them.
(Of a tumour or disease) That can not be controlled and is likely to cause death.
To pretend to be ill/sick, especially in order to avoid work.
An animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds its young on milk.
Extremely large, Syn: Huge.
An official order given to sb to perform a particular task.
Required by law, Syn: Compulsory.

Mania

Noun

An extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for sth, often shared by a lot of people at the same time, Syn:
Craze.

Manifesto

Noun

A written statement in which a group of people, especially a political party, explain their beliefs and say
what they will do if they win an election.

Manuscript
Marginal
Marital
Maritime

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

A copy of a book, pieces of music, etc. before it has been printed.

Small and not important, Syn: Slight.
Connected with marriage or with the relationship between a husband and a wife.
Connected with the sea or ships.

Martial
Martyr
Materialistic
Maternal
Matricide
Matriculate

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb

Connected with fighting or war.

A person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs.
Caring more about money and possessions than any thing else.
Having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child.
The crime of killing your mother; A person who is guilty of this crime.
To officially become a student at a university.

Maudlin

Adjective

Talking in a silly, emotional way' often full of pity for yourself, especially when drunk, Syn: Sentimental.

Maul

Verb

To touch sb/sth in an unpleasant and/or violent way.

Mausoleum

Noun

A special building made to hold the dead body of an important person or the dead bodies of a family.

Maverick

Noun

A person who does not behave or think like every one else. But who has independendent , unusual
opinion.

Maxim

Noun

A well known phrase that expresses sth that is usually true or that people think is a rule for sensible
behaviour.

Media

Noun

The main ways that large numbers of people receive information and entertainment, that television, radio,
newspaper, and the internet.

Mediate

Verb

To try to end a disagreement between two or more people or group by talking to them and trying to find
things that everyone can agree on.

Mediocre
Medium

Adjective
Noun

Not very good; Of only average standard.

A way of communicating information etc. to people.

Meek

Adjective

Quiet, gentle and always ready to do who other people want without expressing your own opinion, Syn:
Complaint, Selfefacing.

Megalomania

Noun

A mental illness or condition in which sb has an exaggerated belief in their own importance or power.

Melancholy
Memento
Menial
Mentor
Mercenary
Mercurial

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective

Mesmerize

Verb

To have such a strong effect on you that you can not give your attention to anything else, Syn: Fascinate.

Metabolism

Noun

The chemical process in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth.

Metallurgy

Noun

The scientific study of metals and their uses.

Metaphor

Noun

A word or phrase used to describe sb/sth else, in a way that is different from its normal use, in order to
show that the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.

Metaphysical
Poets

Noun

A group of 17th century English poets who explored the nature of the world and human life, and who used
images that were surprising at that time.

Metaphysics
Meticulous
Metropolis
Mettle
Microcosm

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun

The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge.
Paying careful attention to every detail, Syn: Fastidious, Thorough.
A large important city (often the capital city of a country or region).
The ability and determination to do sth successfully despite difficult conditions.
A thing, a place or a group that has all the features and qualities of sth much larger.

Militant

Adjective

Using or, willing to use, force or strong pressure to achieve your aims, especially to achieve social or
political change.

Militate

Verb

Very sad or making you feel sadness, Syn: Mournful, Somber.

A thing that you keep or give to sb to remind you or them of a person or place, Syn: Souvenir.
(Of work) Not skilled or important and often boring or badly paid.
An experienced person who advises and helps sb with less experience over a period of time.
A soldier who will fight for any country or group that offers payment.
Often changing or reacting in a way that is unexpected, Syn: Volatile.

(Against sth) To prevent sth; To make it difficult for sth to happen or exist, Syn: Hinder

Militia

Noun

A group of people who are not professional soldiers but who have had military training and can act as an
army.

Millennium
Mimic
Minion
Mirth
Miscellany
Mischance
Misconstrue

Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb

A period of 1000 years, especially as calculated before or after the birth of Christ.
To look or behave like sth else, Syn: Imitate.
An unimportant person in an organization who has to obey orders; A servant.
Happiness, fun and the sound of people, laughing, Syn: Merriment.
A group or collection of different kinds of things, Syn: Assortment.
Bad luck
To understand sb's words or actions wrongly, Syn: Misinterpret.

Misgiving

Noun

Feelings of doubt or anxiety about what might happen, or about whether or not sth is the right thing to do.

Missionary
Mitigate
Mobile
Mode

Noun
verb
Adjective
Noun

A person who is sent to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity.

To make sth less harmful, serious etc. Syn: Alleviate.
That is not fixed in one place and can be moved easily and quickly.
A particular way of doing sth; A particular type of sth.

Modest

Adjective

(Of people especially women or their clothes) Shy about showing much of the body; Not intended to attract
attention, especially in a sexual way, Syn: Demure

Modulate

Verb

To affect sth so that it becomes more regular , slower, etc.

Molecule

Noun

The smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change
in its chemical nature.

Mollify
Molt
Molten
Momentum
Monarch
Monopoly
Monotonous
Morass
Moratorium

Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

To make sb feel less angry or upset, Syn: Placate.

Moult; (Of a bird or an animal) To lose feathers or hair before new feathers or hair grow.
(Of metal rock or glass) heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes liquid.
A force that is gained by movement.
A person who rules a country, for example, a king or a queen.
The complete control of Trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service.
Never changing and therefore boring, Syn: Dull, Repetitious.
An unpleasant and complicated situation that is difficult to escape from, Syn: Web
A temporary stopping of an activity, especially by official agreement.

Mosaic

Noun

A picture or pattern made by placing together small pieces of glass, stone etc. of different colours.

Motif

Noun

A subject, an idea, or a phrase that is repeated and developed in a work of literature or a piece of music,
Syn: Theme

Muggy
Multifarious
Multiplicity
Municipal
Munitions
Murmur
Muse

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb

(Of weather) Warm and damp in an unpleasant way, Syn: Close.

Of many different kinds; Having great variety.
A great number and variety of sth.
Connected with or belonging to a town.
Military weapons, ammunition, and equipment.
To say sth in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear or understand.
To think carefully about sth for a time, ignoring what is happening around you, Syn: Ponder

Muster

Verb

To come together, or bring people, especially soldiers, together for example for military action, Syn:
Gather

Mutation
Myopia

Noun
Noun

A change in the form of structure of sth.

An inability to see things clearly when they are far away, Syn: Short Sight, Short Sightedness.

Mysticism

Noun

The belief that knowledge of God and of real truth can be found through prayer and meditation rather
through reason and the senses.

Nadir
Narcotic
Nascent

Noun
Noun
Adjective

The worst moment of a particular situation, Opp: Zenith.

A powerful illegal drug that affects the mind in a harmful way.
Beginning to exist; Not yet fully developed.

Natty
Nauseate
Nebulous
Nemesis

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun

Nepotism

Noun

Neat and fashionable; Well designed; Clever.

To make sb feel that they want to vomit; To make sb feel disgusted, Syn: Revolt, Sicken.
Not Clear, Syn: Vague
Punishment or defeat that is deserved and can not be avoided.
Giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power, especially by giving them
jobs.

Neutral

Adjective

Not supporting or helping either side in a disagreement, competition etc,, Syn: Impartial.

Newfangled

Adjective

Used to describe sth that has recently been invented or introduced, but that you do not like because it is
not what you are used to, or is too complicated.

Noun

(In the religion of Buddhism) The state of peace and happiness that a person achieves after giving up all
personal desires.

Nirvana
Nomad
Non-Committal
Non-Descript
Nonplussed
Notable
Notorious
Novice
Nullify
Nuptial
Oasis
Obese
Obituary

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun

A member of a community that moves with its animals from place to place.
Not giving an opinion, not showing which side of an argument you agree with.
Having no interest or unusual features or qualities, Syn: Dull.
So surprised and confused that you do not know what to do or say, Syn: Dumbfounded
A famous or important person
Well known for being bad
A person who is new and has little experience in a skill, job or situation.
To make sth such as an agreement or order lose its legal force, Syn: Invalidate.
Connected with marriage or wedding.
An area in the desert where there is water and where plants grew.
(Of people) very fat, in a way that is not healthy.
An article about sb's life and achievements, that is printed in a newspaper soon after they have died.

Objective
Obligatory
Oblique
Oblivious
Obsessive
Obsolete
Obtrusive
Obtuse
Obverse
Obviate
Odious
Odorous

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adjective

Something that you are trying to achieve, Syn: Goal

That you must do because of the law.
Not expressed or done in a direct way, Syn: Indirect.
Not aware of sth.
Thinking too much about one particular person or thing, in a way that is not normal.
No longer used because sth new has been invented, Syn: Out of date.
Noticeable in an unpleasant way.
Slow or unwilling to understand sth.
The side of a coin or medal that has the head or main design on it.
To remove a problem or the need for sth, Syn: Preclude.
Extremely unpleasant, Syn: Horrible.
Having a smell

Officious

Adjective

Too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders, Syn: Self-important.

Ogle
Oligarchy
Omnipotent
Omnipresent
Omniscient
Onerous
Onus
Opiate

Verb
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun

To look hard at sb in an offensive way, usually showing sexual interest.

A form of Government in which only a small group of people hold all the power
Having total power; Able to do anything.
Present everywhere.
Knowing everything
Needing great effort
The responsibility for sth
A drug containing opium

Opportune

Adjective

(Of a time ) suitable for doing a particular thing so that it is likely to be successful, Syn: Favourable

Opposition

Noun

The act of strongly disagreeing with sb or sth especially with the aim of preventing sth from happening

Optician
Optimist
Optional

Noun
Noun
Adjective

Opulent

Noun

Made or decorated using expensive material, Syn: Luxurious; (Of people) Extremely rich, Syn: Wealthy.

Ordain
Ordeal
Ordinance
Orient

Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb

To order or command to decide sth in advance

A difficult or unpleasant experience
An order or a rule made by a government or sb in position of authority
To direct sb or sth towards sth to make or adopt sb or sth for a particular purpose

Orientation

Noun

The type of aim or interest that a person or an organization has, the act of directing you towards a
particular thing

Orthodox

Adjective

Oscillate

Verb

Ostensible
Oust
Outmoded
Outskirts
Outstrip

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb

A person whose job is to examine people's eyes and to recommend and sell glasses
A person who always expects good things to happen or thing to be successful
That you can choose to do or have if you want to

(Specially of beliefs or behaviour) generally accepted or approved of ; following generally accepted beliefs,
Syn : Traditional
To keep changing from one extreme of feeling or behaviour to another, and back again, Syn: Swing
Seeming or stated to be real or true when this is perhaps not the case, Syn : Apparent
To force sb out of a job or position of power especially to take their place
No longer fashionable or useful
The parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre
To become larger , more important than sb or sth, to be faster, better or more successful than sb you are
competing against, Syn : Surpass

Outwit
Overbearing
Override
Overt
Overwrought
Pacifism
Pacify
Painstaking

Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective

To defeat sb or sth or gain an advantage over them by doing sth clever, Syn : Outsmart
try to control other people in an unpleasant way syn: Domineering
To use your authority to reject ones decision Syn: Overrule
done in an open way and not secretly
very worried and upset; excited in a a nervous waySyn: Distraught
The believe that war and violence are always wrong
to make somebody who is angry and upset become calm and quiet Syn: Placate
needing a lot of care, effort and attention to detain Syn: Thorough

Paint

Adjective

(Of a person or their body) Soft and giving way to sb, especially in a sexual way; Willing to accept change;
Easy to influence or control

Palatable
Palliate
Pallor
Palpable

Adjective
Verb
noun
Adjective

(of food or drink) having a pleasant and acceptable taste

To make a disease or an illness less painful or unpleasant without curing
Pale colouring of the face especially because of illness or fear
That is easily noticed by the mind or the senses

Palpitate

Verb

Paltry
Panacea
Panoply
Panorama
Pantheism

Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun

(Of the heart) To beat rapidly and/or in an irregular way, especially because of fear or excitement
(Of an amount) Too small to be considered as important or useful, Syn: Meager
Something that will solve all the problems of a particular situation
A large and impressive number or collection of sth, Syn: Array.
A view of a wide area of land, Syn: Vista.
The belief that God is present in all natural things

Parable

Noun

A short story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson, especially one of those told by Jesus as recorded in
the Bible

Parabola
Paradigm
Paradox

Noun
Noun
Noun

A curve like the path of an object thrown into the air and falling back to earth
A typical example or pattern of sth.
A person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange.

Paragon

Noun

A person who is perfect or who is a perfect example of a particular good quality.

Parallel

Noun

A person, a situation, an event etc. that is very similar to another, especially one in a different place or
time, Syn: Equivalent.

Paranoia

Noun

A mental illness in which a person may wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm them, that
they are sb very important, etc.

Paraphernalia

Noun

A large number of objects or personal possessions, especially the equipment that you need for a particular
activity.

Paraphrase

Verb

To express what sb has said or written using different words, especially in order to make it easier to
understand.

Parasite

Noun

A person who always relies on or benefits from other people and gives nothing back.

Parochial

Adjective

Parry
Parsimony
Partial
Partiality
Partition

Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Only concerned with small issues that happen in your local area and not interested in more important
things.
To defend yourself against sb who is attacking you by pushing their arms, weapon etc. to one side, Syn:
Deflect.
The fact of being extremely unwilling to spend money, Syn: Meanness.
Not complete or whole
The unfair support of one person, team, idea etc., Syn: Bias.
The division of country into two or more countries

Passport

Noun

An official document that identifies you as a citizen of a particular country and you may have to show
when you enter or leave a country

Pastoral

Adjective

(i) Showing country life or the countryside, especially in a romantic way, (ii) Relating to the farming of
animals

Noun

An official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention ; a document that
proves this.

Patent
Pathetic
Pathological

Adjective
Adjective

Making you feel pity or sadness, Syn: Pitiful

Caused by, or connected with, disease or illness.

Pathos

Noun

(In writing, speech and plays) the power of a performance, description etc. to produce feelings of sadness
and sympathy

Patrimony

Noun

Property that is given to sb when their father dies, Syn : Inheritance.

Patronize

Verb

To treat sb in a way that seems friendly, but which shows that you think that they are not very intelligent,
experienced etc.

Pauper
Pedantic
Pedestrian
Peerless
Pendulous
Perception
Perdition

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun

V very poor person

Too worried about small details or rules
A person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle
Better than all others of its kind, Syn : Unsurpassed
Hanging down loosely and swinging from side to side
The way you notice things, especially with senses
Punishment that lasts forever after death

Peremptory

Adjective

(Especially of sb's manner or behaviour) expecting to be obeyed immediately and without question or
refusal

Perennial
Perfunctory
Perimeter
Periphery
Perjury
Perpetrator
Perpetuate
Perquisite
Peruse

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb

Continuing for a very long time; Happening again and again

(Of an action) done as a duty or habit, without real interest, attention or feeling
The outside edge of an area of land
The outer edge of a particular area
The crime of telling a lie in court
A person who commits a crime or does sth that is wrong or evil
To make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time
Perk; Something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job
To read sth, especially in a careful way

Pervade
Pessimist
Phenomenon
Philanthropist

Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun

To spread through and be noticeable in every part of sth, Syn: Permeate

A person who always expects bad things to happen, Opp: Optimist
A fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood
A rich person who helps a poor and those in need, especially by giving money

Philologist

Noun

A person who studies philology (=The scientific study of development of language or a particular
language)

Phlegmatic
Phobia
Phony

Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Not easily made angry or upset, Syn: Calm

A strong unreasonable fear of sth
(Phony) Not real or true; false and try to trick people, Syn: Fake

Piecemeal

Adjective

Done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways rather than carefully planned at
the beginning

Pigment

Noun

A substance that exists naturally in people animals or plants and gives their skin, leaves etc. a particular

Pigtail

Noun

Hair that is tied together into one or two bunches and twisted into a plait or plaits worn either at the back of
the head or one on each side of the head

Pilchard
Pilgrimage
Pique

Noun
Noun
Verb

A small sea fish that is used for food

A journey to a holy place for religious reason
To make sb annoyed or upset, Syn: Wound

Pittance

Noun

A very small amount of money that sb receives, for example as a wage, and that is hardly enough to live
on

Placate
Plagiarize
Plasticity
Platonic
Plaudits
Plethora
Pliable
Plight
Plinth
Plummet
Plutocracy
Plutocracy
Pogrom
Polity
Polity
Polyandry
Polygamy
Polymath
Pomposity
Pontifical
Popular
Porous
Portable
Portend
Portly
Posterity
Posthumous

Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Make sb feel less angry about sth, Syn: Pacify

To copy another person's ideas, words or work and pretend that they are your own
The quality of being easily made into different shapes
(Of a relationship) Friendly but not involving sex
Praise and approval
An amount that is greater than is needed or can be used, Syn: Excess
Easy to bend without breaking, Syn: Flexible
A difficult and sad situation
A block of stone on which a column or statue stands
To fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position, Syn: Plunge
A country governed by the richest people in it
Government by the richest people of a country
Organized killing of large numbers of people because of their race or religion (Originally the killing of Jews
in Russia
A society as a political unit
The form of process of Government
The custom of having more than one husband at the same time
The custom of having more than one wife at the same time
A person who knows a lot about many different subjects
Self important behaviour
Connected with a pope
Liked or enjoyed by a larger number of people
Having many small holes that allow water or air to pass through slowly
That is easy to carry or to move
To be a sign or warning of sth that is going to happen in the future, especially sth bad or unpleasant, Syn:
Fore-shadow
(Especially of an older man) rather fat, Syn: Stout
All the people who will live in the future
Happening, done, published, etc., after a person has died

Postmortem

Noun

A medical examination of the body of a dead person in order to find out how they died, Syn: Autopsy

Postulate

Noun

A statement that is accepted as true, that forms the basis of a theory, etc.

Posture

Verb

To pretend to be sth that you are not by saying and doing things on order to impress or trick people

Poverty

Noun

A lack of sth; Poor quality

Pragmatism

Noun

Thinking about solving problems in a practical and sensible way rather than by having fixed ideas and
theories

Preamble
Precarious
Precept
Precipice

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

An introduction to a book or a written document; An introduction to sth you say

(Of a situation) not safe or certain; dangerous
A rule about how to behave or what to think, Syn: Principle
A very steep side of a high cliff, mountain or rock

Precipitate

Adjective

(Of an action or a decision) Happening very quickly or suddenly and usually without enough care and
thought

Precipitate

Verb

To make sth , especially sth bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should, Syn: Bring on, Spark off

Precipitous

Adjective

Prcis

Noun

Precise

Adjective

Precursor
Predatory
Predicate
Predominant
Preempt
Premeditated
Premise
Premonition
Preponderance

Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun

Prescient
Presentiment
Presumably

Adjective
Noun
Adv

Presuppose

Verb

Pristine
Privy
Problematic
Process
Proclaim
Procure
Prodigality
Profane
Profligate
Progeny
Progressive
Projectile
Prolegomena

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Very steep, high and often dangerous, Syn: Sheer

A short version of a speech or a piece of writing that gives the main points or ideas, Syn: Summary
Clear and accurate, Syn: Exact, Meticulous
A person or thing that comes before sb/sth similar and that leads to or influences this development, Syn:
Forerunner
(Of people) using weaker people for their own financial or sexual advantage
To base sth on a particular belief, idea or principle
Most obvious or noticeable
To do or say sth before sb else does
(Of a crime or bad action) planned in advance
A statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument
A feeling that sth is going to happen, especially sth unpleasant
If there is a preponderance of one type of people or things in a group, there are more of them than others,
Syn: Predominance
Knowing or appearing to know about things before they happen
A feeling that sth is going to happen, especially sth unpleasant, Syn: Foreboding
Use to say that you think that sth is probably true
To accept sth as true or existing and act on that basis, before it has been proved to be true, Syn: Presume
Fresh and clean, as if new, Syn: Immaculate
Allowed to know about sth secret
Difficult to deal with or to understand; Full of problems; not certain to be successful
A series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result
To publicly and officially tell people about sth important, Syn: Declare
To obtain sth, especially with difficulty
Too willing to spend money or waste time, energy or material, Syn: Extravagant
Not connected with religion or holy things, Syn: Secular
Using money, time, materials etc. in a careless way, Syn: Wasteful
A person's children; the young of animals and plants
Happening or developing steadily
An object, such as a bullet, that is fired from a gun or other weapon
Preliminary remarks

Proletariat

Noun

Prolific
Prolong
Prominent
Promote
Prompting
Propitiate
Prose
Prosperous

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective

Protocol
Protracted
Proviso
Provocation
Prowess
Proxy
Prudent
Prune
Psyche
Psychiatrist
Pucker
Punctilious
Pungent
Purchase
Purist

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Puritanical
Purported
Pushover
Pylon
Quack
Quadruped
Quail
Qualify
Qualm
Quandary

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun

Quarantine

Noun

Quarry
QuasiQuay
Quirk
Quiver
Quixotic
Quorum
Rail
Raiment
Rally

Noun
Adjective+Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb

(Used especially when talking about the past) The class of ordinary people who earn money by working
especially those who do not own any property
Producing abundantly
To make sth last longer, Syn: Extend
Important and well known; Easily seen, Syn: Noticeable
To help sth to happen or develop, Syn: Encourage
An act of persuading sb to do sth
To stop sb from being angry by trying to please them, Syn: Placate
Writing that is not poetry
Rich and Successful, Syn: Affluent
A system of fixed rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings, usually between governments
Lasting longer than expected or lasting longer than usual, Syn: Prolonged
A condition that must be accepted before an agreement can be made, Syn: Provision
The act of doing or saying sth deliberately in order to make sb upset
Great skill at doing sth
A person who has been given the authority to represent sb else
Sensible and careful when you make judgment and decision
To cut off some of the branches from a tree, bush etc. so that it will grow better and stronger
The mind; your deepest feelings and attitudes
A doctor who studies and treats mental illness
To form or to make sth from small folds or lines
Very careful to behave correctly or to perform your duties exactly as you should
Having a strong taste or smell
A firm hold on sth with the hands or feet, for example, when you are climbing, Syn: Grip
A person who thinks things should be done in the traditional way and who has strong opinion on what is
correct in language, art etc.
Having very strict moral attitudes
That has been stated to have happened or to be true, when this might not be the case
A person who is easy to persuade or influence
A tall metal structure that is used for carrying electricity wires high above the ground
A person who dishonestly claims to have medical knowledge or skills
Any creature with four feet
To feel frightened or to show that you are frightened
To add sth to a previous statement to make the meaning less strong or less general
A feeling of doubt or worry about whether what you are doing is right, Syn: Misgiving
The state of not being able to decide what to do in a difficult situation
A period of time when an animal or a person that has or may have a disease is kept away from others in
order to prevent the disease from spreading
An animal or a person that is being hunted or followed, Syn: Prey
Partly; Almost
A platform in a harbour when boats come into load etc..
An aspect of sb's personality or behaviour that is a little strange, Syn: Peculiarity
A case for carrying arrows
Having or involving ideas or plans that shows imagination but are usually not practical
The smallest number of people who must be at a meeting before it can begin or decision
To complain about sth/sb in a very angry way, Syn: Rage
Clothing
To become healthier, stronger etc. after a period of illness, weakness etc., Syn: Recover

Ramification

Noun

One of the large number of complicated and unexpected results that follow an action or a decision

Rampant

Adjective

(Of sth bad) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that can not be controlled, Sun: Unchecked

Random
Rapt
Rapture

Noun
Adjective
Noun

Without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without regular pattern

So interested in one particular thing that you are not aware of anything else
A feeling of extreme pleasure and happiness, Syn: Delight

Rarefied

Adjective

Understand and experienced by only a very small group of people who share a particular area of
knowledge or activity

Rasp

Noun

Rough unpleasant sound

Rationale

Noun

The principles or reasons which explain a particular decision, course of action, belief etc., Syn: Reason

Raucous
Ravel
Ravenous
Reaper
Rebel
Rebuff
Recapitulate
Recast
Receptive
Reclaim
Reconcile

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb

Sounding loud and rough

To make a situation or problem more complicated
(Of a person or an animal) Extremely hungry, Syn: Starving
A person or a machine that cuts or collects crops on a farm
A person who fights against the government of their country
An unkind refusal of a friendly offer, request or suggestion, Syn: Rejection
To repeat or give a summary of what has already been said, decided etc.
To change sth by organizing or presenting it in a different way
Willing to listen to or to accept new ideas or suggestions, Syn: Responsive
To get sth back or to ask to have it back after it has been lost, taken away etc.
To make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement

Reconnaissance

Noun

The activity of getting information about an area for military purposes using soldiers, places etc.

Recrimination

Noun

An angry statement that sb makes accusing sb else of sth, especially in response to a similar statement
from them

Rectify
Redeem

Verb
Verb

To put right sth that is wrong, Syn: Correct

To buy back; to make up for, Syn: Compensate

Redoubtable

Adjective

If a person is redoubtable, they have very strong qualities that make you respect them and perhaps feel
afraid of them, Syn: Formidable

Redress

Verb

To correct sth that is unfair or wrong, Syn: Put right

Redundancy

Noun

The situation when sb has to leave their job because there is no more work available for them.

Referendum
Reform
Regal
Regime
Reimburse
Reiterate
Rejoinder
Rejuvenate

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb

An occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue
To improve a system, an organization a law etc. by making changes to it
Typical of a king or a queen and therefore impressive
A method of system of government
To pay back money to sb which they have spent or lost
To repeat sth that you have already said, especially to emphasize it
A reply, especially a quick critical and amusing one
To make sb/sth look or feel younger or more lively

Relativity

Noun

Einstein's theory of the universe based on the principle that all movement is relative and that time is a
fourth dimension related to space

Relegate
Relent
Relic
Relinquish
Relish

Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb

To give sb a lower or less important position, rank etc. than before

To finally agree to sth after refusing, Syn: Give in
An object, a tradition etc., that has survived from a period of time
To stop having sth, especially when this happens unwillingly, Syn: Give up
To get great pleasure from sth; To want very much to do or have sth, Syn: Enjoy

Remedial

Adjective

Aimed at solving a problem, especially when this involves correcting or improving sth that has been done
wrong

Remiss

Adjective

Not giving sth enough care or attention, Syn: Negligent

Remission

Noun

A period during which a serious illness improves for a time and the patient seems to get better

Remnant

Noun

A part of sth that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed etc., Remaining

Remote
Remuneration
Render
Rendezvous
Renown
Rent
Reparation
Repartee
Repast
Repellent
Repose
Reprehensible
Repress
Reprimand
Reprisal

Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Noun

Far away in time, Syn: Distant; Not very great, Syn: Slight
An amount of money that is paid to sb for the work they have done
To cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition, Syn: Make
An arrangement to meet sb at a particular time and place
Fame and respect because of sth you have done that people admire
A torn place in a piece of metal or clothing
Money that is paid by a country that is lost a war, for the damage, injuries etc. that it has caused
Clever and amusing comments and replies that are made quickly, Syn: Swordplay
A meal
Very unpleasant; Causing strong dislike, Syn: Repulsive
A state of rest, sleep or feeling calm
Morally wrong and deserving criticism, Syn: Deplorable
To try not to have or show an emotion, a feeling etc., Syn: Control
To tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions, Syn: Rebuke
A violent and aggressive act towards sb because of sth bad they have done towards you, Syn: Retaliation

Reprove
Requisite
Requite
Residual
Resignation
Resilient
Resolve
Resonant
Resound
Resourceful
Respiration
Restitution

Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun

To tell sb that you do not approve of sth that they have done, Syn: Rebuke
Necessary for a particular purpose
To give sth such as love, kindness, a favour etc. in return for what sb has given you
Remaining at the end of a process, Syn: Outstanding
The act of giving up your job or position; The occasion when you do this
Able to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant such as shock, injury etc.
To find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty, Syn: Settle
(Of sound) Deep, Clear and continuing for a long time
(Of sound, voice etc.) To fill a place with sound
Good at finding ways of doing things and solving problems etc., Syn: Enterprising
The act of breathing
The act of giving back sth that was lost or stolen to its owner, Syn: Restoration

Restive

Adjective

Unable to stay still, or unwilling to be controlled, especially because you feel bored or not satisfied

Resurgence
Resurrection
Retain
Retard
Retentive
Retribution
Retrieve
Retroactive
Retrograde

Noun
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adjective

The return and growth of an activity that had stopped

A new beginning for sth which is old or which had disappeared or become weak
To keep sth; To continue to have sth, Syn: Preserve
To make the development or progress of sth slower, Syn: Delay, Slow down
(Of the memory) Able to store facts and remember things easily
Severe punishment for sth seriously wrong that sb has done
To bring or get sth back, especially from a place where it should not be, Syn: Recover
Retrospective; Thinking about or connected with sth that happened in the past
(Of action) Making a situation worse or returning to how sth was in the past

Retrospect

Noun

Thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time

Revelation

Noun

A fact that people are made aware of, especially one that has been secret and is surprising, Syn:
Disclosure.

Revulsion

Noun

A strong feeling of disgust or horror, Syn: Repugnance

Rhetoric

Noun

Speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere

Riddle
Rife
Rift
Rigid
Rivet
Rivulet
Roster

Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun

To make a lot of holes in sb/sth

If sth bad or unpleasant is rife in a place, it is very common there, Syn: Widespread
A serious disagreement between people that stops relationship from continuing, Syn: Break
(Of Rules, methods etc.) Very Strict and difficult to change, Syn: Inflexible
To hold sb's interest or attention so completely they cannot look any thing else
A very small river, a small stream of water or other liquid
A list of people's name and the jobs that they have to do at a particular time, Syn: Rota

Rote

Noun

The process of learning sth by repeating it until you remember it rather than by understanding the meaning
of it

Routine
Royalist
Ruffle
Ruse

Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun

The natural order or way in which you regularly do things

A person who believes that a country should have a king or queen, Syn: Monarchist
To disturb the smooth surface of sth, so that it is not even
A way of doing sth or of getting sth by cheating sb, Syn: Trick

Saboteur

Noun

A person who does deliberate damage to sth to prevent an enemy from using it, or to protest about sth.

Sacrilege
Sacrosanct
Sadist
Saga
Sage
Salient
Sally
Salutation

Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

The act of treating the holy thing or place without respect

That is considered to be too important to change or question, Syn: Sacred
A person who gets pleasure, especially sexual pleasure, from hurting other people
A long traditional story about adventures and brave acts especially one from Norway or Iceland
A very wise person
Most important or noticeable.
A remark that is intended to entertain or amuse sb, Syn: Witticism
Something that you say to welcome or say hello to sb

Salvage

Noun

The act of saving things that have been, or are likely to be, damage or lost, especially in a disaster or an
accident

Sanatorium

Noun

A place like a hospital where patients who have a lasting illness or who are getting better after illness are
treated

Adjective

Giving the impression that you feel you are better and more moral than other people, Syn: Self-Righteous

Sanctimonious
Sanctuary
Sap

Noun
Verb

Safety and protection, especially for people who are being chased or attacked
To make sth/sb weaker; To destroy sth gradually

Sarcasm

Noun

A way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to sb or to make
fun of them

Satellite

Noun

A natural object that moves around a larger natural object

Scaffold

Noun

A platform used when executing criminals by cutting off their heads or hanging them from a rope

Scale
Scant
Scapegoat
Scavenge
Scenario
Schism

Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun

To climb to the top of sth very high and steep

Hardly any; not very much and not as much as there should be
A person who is blamed for sth bad that sb else has done or for some failure, Syn: Full guy
(Of a person animal or a bird) To search through waste for things that can be used or eaten
A description of how things might happen in the future
Strong disagreement within an organization, especially a religious one

Scoff

Verb

To take about sb/sth in a way that makes it clear that you think they are stupid or ridiculous, Syn: Mock

Scorn
Scotch
Scourge
Scruple

Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb

To feel or show that you think sb/sth is stupid and you do not respect them to it, Syn: Dismiss
To stop sth from happening; To action to end sth.
A whip used to punish people in the past
To be willing to do sth even if it might be wrong or immoral

Scuffle

Verb

(Of two or more people) to fight or struggle with each other for a short time, in a way that is not very
serious

Scurvy
Scuttle
Seamless
Seamy
Seasoned

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

A disease caused by a lack of vitamin C from not eating enough fruit and vegetables
To run with quick short steps, Syn: Scurry
(1) Without a seam; (2) With no spaces or pauses between one part and the next
Unpleasant and immoral, Syn: Sordid
(Of a person) having a lot of experience of a particular activity

Secede

Verb

(Of a state, Country etc.) to officially leave an organization of states, countries etc. and become
independent

Seclusion

Noun

The state of being private or of having little contact with

Sect

Noun

A small group of people who belong to a particular religion but who have some beliefs or practices which
separates them from the rest of the group

Secular
Sedate
Sedentary

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

Not connected with spiritual or religious matters

Slow, Calm and relaxed, Syn: Unhurried
(Of work, activities etc.) in which you spent a lot of time sitting down

Sedition

Noun

The use of words or actions that are intended to encourage people to oppose a government, Syn:
Insurrection

Seep

Verb

(Especially of liquids) To flow slowly and in small quantities through sth or into sth, Syn: Trickle

Seethe

Verb

To be extremely angry about sth but try not to show other people how angry you are, Syn: Fume

Seismic
Seminary

Adjective
Noun

Connected with or caused by earthquakes

A college where priests, ministers rabbis are trained

Sensual

Adjective

Connected with your physical feelings; Giving pleasure to your physical senses, especially sexual
pleasure

Sentinel
Serene
Servile
Shackle
Sham
Shared
Sheaf
Shirk
Shoddy
Shrewd
Shrine
Sibling
Sibylline
Simile
Simultaneous
Singular
Sinister
Skepticism

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Noun

A soldier whose job is to guard sth, Syn: Sentry

Calm; Peaceful
Wanting too much to please sb and obey them, Syn: Fawning
To prevent sb from behaving or speaking as they want
To pretend sth
Fragment generally of pottery
A bunch of wheat tied together after being cut
To avoid doing sth you should do, especially because you are too lazy
(Of goods work etc.) made or done badly and with not enough care, Syn: Second-rate
Clever at making understanding and making judgments about a situation, Syn: Astute
A place where people come to worship because it is connected with a holy person or event
A brother or a sister
Mysterious and difficult to understand
A word or phrase that compares sth to sth else using the words 'like' or 'as'
Happening or done at the same time as sth else
Very great or obvious, Syn: Outstanding
Seeming evil or dangerous; making you think sth bad will happen
(Scepticism) An attitude of doubting that claims or statements are true or that sth will happen

Skiff
Skimp
Skirmish
Slacken
Slag
Slake

Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb
Noun
Verb

A small light boat for rowing or sailing usually for one person
To try to spend less time, money etc. on sth than is needed
A short fight between small groups of soldiers etc., especially one that is not planned
To gradually become, or to make sth become, slower, less active etc., Syn: Relax
The waste material that remains after metal has been removed
To drink so that you no longer feel thirsty, Syn: quench

Sleazy

Adjective

(Of a place) dirty, unpleasant & not socially acceptable, especially because sex is involved, Syn:
Disreputable

Slothful
Slough
Slovenly
Sluggard
Sluice

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Lazy
A very soft wet area of land
Careless, untidy or dirty in appearance or habits
A slow lazy person
A sliding gate or other device for controlling the flow of water out of or into a canal, etc...

Slur

Verb

To pronounce words in a way that is not clear so that they run into each other, usually because you are
drunk or tired

Smolder

Verb

Smoulder; To burn slowly without a flame

Sneer

Verb

To show that you have no respect for sb by the expression on your face or by the way you speak, Syn:
Mock

Sobriety

Noun

The state of being sober (=not being drunk) ; the fact of being sensible & serious

Solace

Noun

A feeling of emotional comfort when you are sad or disappointed ; a person or thing that makes you feel
better or happier when you are sad or disappointed, Syn: Comfort

Solder
Solemnity
Solicit

Verb
Noun
Verb

To join pieces of metal or wire with solder

The quality of being solemn (=serious)
To ask sb for sth, such as support, money, information; to try get sth or persuade sb to do sth

Solidarity

Noun

Support by one person or group of people for another because they share feelings, opinions, aims etc

Solitary
Soluble
Solvent
Somber
Sonorous
Soothe

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb

Done alone; without other people

That can be dissolved in a liquid
Having enough money to pay your debts; Not in debt.
Sad and serious, Syn: Melancholy
Having a pleasant full deep sound
To make sb who is anxious, upset, etc. feel calmer, Syn: Calm

Sophisticated

Adjective

Having a lot of experience of the world & knowing about fashion, culture & other things that people think
are socially important

Sophistry
Sordid
Sovereign

Noun
Adjective
Adjective

The use of clever arguments to persuade people that something is true when it is really false
Very dirty & unpleasant, Syn: Squalid
Having complete power or the greatest power in the country.

Spate

Noun

A large number of things, which are usually unpleasant that happen suddenly within a short period of time

Spawn
Spectre
spectrum

Verb
Noun
Noun

To lay eggs
Ghost, Phantom
A complete or wide range of related qualities, deeds etc.

Splinter

Noun

A small thin sharp piece of wood , metal, glass etc. that has broken off a large piece, Syn: Shard

Spokesman
Spontaneity
Sporadic
Sportive
Spurn

Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Verb

A person who speaks on behalf of a group or an organization

Quality of being spontaneous
Happening only occasionally or at intervals that were not regular, Syn: Intermittent
Playful
To reject or refuse sb/sth especially in a proud way, Syn: Shun

Squabble
Squalid
Squat

Verb
Adjective
Verb

To argue noisily about sth that is not very important, Syn: Bicker
(Of places and living conditions) Very dirty and unpleasant, Syn: Filthy
To sit on your heels with your knees bent yup close to your body; To live in a building or on land which is
not yours, without the owner's permission

Stagnant
Stale

Adjective
Adjective

Stalemate

Noun

Stalwart
Stamina
Stanza
Stark
Statutory
Steadfast
Steep
Stellar

Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

Stereotype

Noun

A fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing, but which is often not
true in reality

Stickler

Noun

A person who thinks that a particular quality or type of behaviour is very important and expects other
people to think and behave in the same way

Stint
Stipulate
Stodgy
Stoke

Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb

(Usually used in negative sentences) To provide or use only small amount of sth.
To state clearly and firmly that sth must be done, or how it must be done
(Of food) heavy and making you feel very full; Serious and boring; Not exciting
To add fuel to a fire

Stolid

Adjective

Not showing much emotion or interest; Remaining always the same and not reacting or changing.

Stout
stratify
stringent
strut
stupendous

Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

(Of a person) Rather fat, Syn: Plump

To arrange sth in layers or strata
(Of a law, rule, regulation etc.) Very strict and that must be obeyed.
To walk proudly with your head up and chest out to show that you think you are important
Extremely large or impressive, especially greater or better that you expect, Syn: Staggering

stupor

Noun

Stagnant water or air is not moving and therefore smells unpleasant, Syn: Static
That which is not fresh
A disagreement or a situation in a competition in which neither side is able to win or make any progress,
Syn: Impasse
A loyal supporter who does a lot of work for an organization, especially a political party
The physical and mental strength that enables you to do sth difficult for long period of time
A group of lines in a repeated pattern that forms a unit in some type of poems, Syn: Verse
Complete and total, Syn: Utter
Fixed by law; that must be done by law
Not changing in your attitudes or aims, Syn: Firm
To have a lot of a particular quality
Connected with stars

S state in which you are unable to think, hear etc. clearly especially because you have drunk too much
alcohol, taken drugs or had a shock

suavity
subjective
sublime

Noun
Adjective
Adjective

Urbanity; polish
Based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair
Of very high quality and causing great admiration

submissive

Adjective

Too willing to accept sb else's authority and willing to obey them without questioning anything they want
you to do

subpoena
subsequent
Subservient
Subside
Subsidiary
Subsidize
Substantiate
Substantive
Subterfuge
Successive
Succour

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun

A written order to attend court as a witness to give evidence

Happening or coming after sth else
Too willing to obey other people; Less important than sth else
To sink to a lower level; To become calmer and quieter
Connected with sth but less important than it; Syn: Additional
To give money to sb or an organization to help pay for sth; To give a subsidy, Syn: Fund
To provide information or evidence to prove that sth is true
Dealing with real, important or serious matters
A secret, usually dishonest, way of behaving
Following immediately one after the other, Syn: Consecutive
Help that you give to sb who is suffering or having a problem

Succumb
Suffice
Suicide
Sultry
Summation
Summons
Sumptuous
Sunder
Supercilious
Superfluous
Superimpose
Superlative

Verb
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective

To not be able to fight an attack, an illness, a temptation etc.

To be sufficient; To be enough for sb/sth
The act of killing yourself deliberately
(Of the weather or air) Very hot and uncomfortable, Syn: Muggy
Act of finding the total; A summary of what has been done or said
An order to appear in court
Very expensive and looking very impressive
To split or break sth/sb apart; especially by force
behaving towards other people as you think you are better than they are, Syn: Superior
More than you need or want, Syn: Unnecessary
To put one image on top of another so that the two can be seen combined
Of the highest quality; Excellent, Syn: First-Rate

Supersede

Verb

To take the place of sth/sb that is considered to be old fashioned or no longer the best available

Supplicant
Supplication
Suppress

Noun
Noun
Verb

A person who asks for sth in a humble way, especially from God or a powerful person.
The act of asking for sth with a very humble request or prayer
To prevent yourself from having or expressing a feeling or an emotion

Surmise

Verb

To guess or suppose sth using the evidence you have, without definitely knowing, Syn: Conjecture

Susceptible
Swarthy
Swathe
Sweeping
Swerve
Symbolism
Sympathy
Synchronize
Synopsis
Synoptic
Syntax
Taciturn
Tact
Tactical
Tailor
Taint
Tanner
Tantalize
Tantamount
Tarry
Taut
Taxonomy
Tedious
Teetotaler
Temerity

Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Verb
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by sb/sth, Syn: Impressionable

(Especially of a person or their face) Having a dark skin
To wrap or cover sb/sth in sth
Having an important effect on a large part of sth
(Especially of a vehicle) To change direction suddenly, especially in order to avoid hitting sb/sth
The use of symbols to represent ideas, especially in art and literature
The feeling for being sorry for sb; Showing that you understand and care about sb's problems
To happen at the same time or to move at the same speed as sth; To make sth do this
A summary of a piece of writing, a play etc.
Providing a general overview
The way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language
Tending not to say very much, in a way that seems friendly
The ability to deal with difficult and embarrassing situations carefully and without doing or saying anything
that will annoy or upset other people
Connected with the particular method you use to achieve sth, Syn: Strategic
To make or adapt sth for a particular purpose or particular person
To damage or spoil the quality of sth or the opinion that people have of sb/sth
A person who turns animal hides into leather
To make a person or an animal want sth that they can not have or do.
Having the same bad effect as sth else
To stay in a place, esp. when you ought leave, Syn: Linger
Stretched tightly
The scientific process of classifying things
Lasting or taking too long and not interesting, Syn: Boring
A person who does not drink alcohol
Extremely confident behaviour that people are likely to consider rude

Temperament

Noun

A person's or an animal's nature as shown in the way they behave or react to situations or people

Tempo

Noun

The speed of rhythm or a piece of music

Tenacious

Adjective

That does not stop holding sth or give up sth easily; determined

Tendentious

Adjective

(Of a speech, piece of writing, theory etc.) Expressing a strong opinion that people are likely to disagree
with, Syn: Controversial.

Tender
Tenet
Tenure
Termination
Terminology
Terrestrial
Terse
Testy
Tether
the Antipodes
The gamut
Theocracy
Theoretical
Thermal

Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective

A formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated price, Syn: Bid

One of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs based on
The period of time when sb holds an important job esp. political one
The act of ending sth; the end of sth
The set of technical words or expressions used in a particular subject
Connected with the planet earth
Using few words and often not seeming polite or friendly
Easily annoyed or irritated, Syn: Irritable
To tie an animal to a post so that it can not move very far
A way of referring to Australia and New Zealand, often used in a humorous way.
The complete range of a particular kind of thing.
Government of a country by religious leaders
Not based on experience
Connected with heat

Thesis

Noun

Thorny

Adjective

Threshold

Noun

Thrive
Throng
Throttle
Thwart
Titanic
Titter
Titular
Toil
Tonic
Torrent
Torrid
Torso
Tortuous

Verb
Noun
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Verb
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective

Totalitarian
Touchy
Toxic
Tranquil

Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

Transcribe

Verb

Transgress
Transition
Transmute
Transparent

Verb
Noun
Verb
Adjective

A long piece of writing completed by a student as part of a university degree, based on their own research
Causing difficulty or disagreement, Syn: Knotty
The floor or ground at the bottom of a Doorway, considered as the entrance to a building or room
To become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy etc., Syn: Flourish
A crowd of people
To attack or kill sb by squeezing their throat in order to stop them from breathing
To prevent sb from doing what they want to do, Syn: Strangle
Very large, important, strong or difficult
To laugh quietly esp. in a nervous or embarrassed way, Syn: Giggle
Having a particular title or status but not real power or authority, Syn: Nominal
To work very hard and/or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work, Syn: Slave away
Sth that refreshes
A large amount of sth that come suddenly and violently, Syn: Deluge
Full of strong emotions esp. connected with sex and love
The main part of the body not including the head, arms and legs, Syn: Trunk
Not simple and direct; complicated and difficult to understand, Syn: Convoluted
(Of a country or system of Government) in which there is only one political party that has complete power
and control over the people
(Of a person) Easily upset or offended, Syn: Sensitive
Containing poison
Quiet and peaceful, Syn: Serene.
To record thoughts, speech or data in a written form, or in a different written form from the original
To go beyond the limit of what is morally or legally acceptable
The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
To change or make sth change into sth different, Syn: Transform
(Of glass, plastic, etc.) Allowing you to see through it

Trappings

Noun

The possessions, clothes etc. that are connected with a particular situation, job or social position

Trauma

Noun

A mental condition caused by sever shock esp. when the harmful effects last for a long time

Treachery
Trespass
Trinket
Trivia
Trumpery

Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun

Behaviour that involves not being loyal to sb who trusts you

To enter land or a building that you do not have permission or right to enter
A piece of jewellery or small decorative object that is not worth much money
Unimportant matters, details or information
Objects of little value

Tumour

Noun

A mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body, where they should not, usually causing medical
problems

Tumult

Noun

A confused situation in which there is, usually a lot of noise and excitement, often involving a large
number of people

Turncoat

Noun

A person who leaves one political party, religious group etc. to join one that has very different views

Turpitude
Tycoon
Typhoon
Tyranny
Ubiquitous
Ultimate
Unaccountable
Unanimous
Unassuming
Unbridled
Underscore

Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Verb

Very immoral behaviour, Syn: Wickedness

A person who is successful in business or industry and has become rich or powerful
A violent tropical storm with very strong winds
Unfair or cruel use of power or authority
Seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time; very common
Happening at the end of a long process, Syn: Final
Impossible to understand or explain, Syn: Inexplicable.
If a decision or opinion is unanimous it is agreed or shared by everyone in a group
Not wanting to draw attention to yourself or to your abilities or status, Syn: Modest
Not controlled and therefore extreme
To underline; to emphasize
To accept financial responsibility for an activity so that you will pay for special costs or for losses it may
make; to agree to buy shares that are not bought by the public when new shares are offered for sale

Underwrite

Verb

Unearth
Unerring
Unfettered
Ungainly
Uniform

Verb
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

To find sth in the ground by digging, Syn: Dig Up

always right or accurate, Syn: Unfailing
Not Controlled or restricted
Moving in a way that is not smooth or elegant, Syn: Awkward
The same in all parts and at all times

Unilateral

Adjective

Done by one member of a group or an organization without the agreement of the other member

Unimpeachable
Unique
Universal
Unlettered
Unmitigated
Unrequited
Unsociable
Unsung
Untenable

Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective
Adjective

That you can not doubt or question

Being the only one of its kind
Done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group.
Unable to read
Used to mean 'complete' usually when describing sth bad, Syn: Absolute
(Of Love) Not returned by the person that you love.
Not enjoying the company of other people; not friendly.
Not praised or famous but deserving to be
(Of a theory, position etc.)That can not be defended against attack or criticism

Unwieldy

Adjective

(Of an object) Difficult to move or control because of its size, shape or weight, Syn: Cumbersome

Unwitting

Adjective

Not aware of what you are doing or of the situation you are involved in

Upbraid

Verb

To criticize sb or speak angrily to them because you do not approve of sth that they have said or done,
Syn: Reproach

Uphold
Usury
Utopia

Verb
Noun
Noun

To support sth that you think right and make sure that it continues to exist.
The practice of lending money to people at unfairly high rates of interest.
An imaginary place or state in which everything is perfect

Vacuous
Valid
Vanquish
Variegated
Vegetarian
Velocity

Adjective
Adjective
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Noun

Showing no sign of intelligence or sensitive feeling.

that is legally or officially accepted; based on what is logical or true
To conquer; to overpower
Consisting of many different types of things or person.
A person who does not eat meat or fish.
The speed of sth in a particular direction.

Vendetta

Noun

A long and violent disagreement between two families or groups, in which people are murdered in return
for previous murders

Vendor

Noun

A person who sells things, for example food or newspapers, usually outside on the street.

Veneer

Noun

A thin layer of wood or plastic that is glued to the surface of cheaper wood, esp. on a piece of furniture.

Venerable
Venial
Vent
Verbalize
Verbatim
Verbiage
Verbose
Verity
Vertical
Verve
Vestige
Veteran

Adjective
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Noun
Noun

Venerable people or things deserve respect because they are old, important, wise etc.
(of a sin or mistake) Not very serious and therefore able to be forgiven
A small opening; express; utter
To express your feeling or ideas into words, Syn: Put into words
Exactly as spoken or written, Syn: Word for word
The use of too many words or of more difficult words that are needed to express an idea
Using or containing more words than are needed, Syn: Long winded
A belief or principle about life that is accepted as true
(Of a line, pole, etc.) Going straight up or down from a level surface, Syn: Perpendicular
Energy, excitement, Syn: Gusto
A small part of sth that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing
A person who has a lot of experience in a particular area or activity
The right to refuse to allow sth to be done, especially the right to stop a law from being passed or a
decision from being taken.

Veto

Noun

Viable

Adjective

That can be done; that will be successful, Syn: Feasible

Vicarious

Adjective

Felt or experienced by watching or reading about sb else doing sth, rather than by doing it yourself

Vie
Vigilant
Vigour

Verb
Adjective
Noun

To compete strongly with sb in order to obtain or achieve sth, Syn: Compete

Very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble, Syn: Alert, Watchful
energy, force or enthusiasm, Syn: Vitality

Verb

To say or write unpleasant things about sb/sth so that other people will have a low opinion of them, Syn:
Malign, Revile

Vindictive

Adjective

Trying to harm or upset sb, or showing that you want to, because you think that they have harmed you,
Syn: Spiteful

Virtue
Viscous

Noun
Adjective

Behaviour or attitude that show high moral standards

(Of a liquid) Thick and sticky; Not flowing freely

Visionary

Adjective

Original and showing the ability to think about or plan the future with great imagination or intelligence

Vital
Volition
Voluminous
Voluntary

Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Adjective

Necessary or essential in order for sth to succeed or exist

The power to chose sth freely or to make your own decision
Bulky; Large
Done willingly, not because you are forced.

Vilify

Vortex
Vouchsafe
Vulnerable
Waft

Noun
Verb
Adjective
Verb

A mass of air, water etc. that spins around very fast and pull things into its centre, Syn: Whirlpool
To give, offer or tell sth to sb, esp. in order to give them special advantage
Weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
To move or make sth move, gently through the air, Syn: Drift

Waive
Wane
Wanton
Wardrobe

Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun

To choose not to demand sth in a particular case even though you have a legal or official right to do so,
Syn: Forgo
To become gradually weaker or less important, Syn: Decrease, Fade
Causing harm or damage deliberately and form acceptable reason
A place where clothes are kept

Warlord

Noun

The leader of a military group that is not official and that fights against other groups within a country or an
area

Warrant

Verb

To make sth necessary or appropriate in a particular situation, Syn: Justify

Warranty

Noun

A written agreement in which a company selling sth promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem
within a particular period of time, Syn: Guarantee.

Wary

Adjective

Careful when dealing with sb/sth because you think that there may be a danger or problem, Syn:
Cautious.

Waterproof
Waylay
Weather
Well-founded
Whelp
Whet
Whiff
Whim

Noun
verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Verb
Noun
Noun

A piece of clothing made from material that does not let water through.
To stop sb who is going somewhere, esp. in order to talk to them or attack them
To change or make sth change, colour shape because of the sun rain or wind
Having good reason or evidence to cause or support it.
A young animal of the dog family, A puppy or a cub
To increase your desire for or interest in sth
A smell esp. one that you only smell for a short time
A sudden wish to do or have sth esp. when it is sth unusual or unnecessary

Whimsy
Wicket gate
Widow
Widower
Wily
Wince

Noun
Noun
Noun
Noun
Adjective
Verb

A way of thinking or behaving, or a style of doing sth that is unusual and not serious in a way that is either
amusing or annoying
A small gate, esp. one at the side of a large one
A women whose husband has died and who has not married again
A man whose wife has died and who has not married again
Clever at getting what you want, and willing to track people, Syn: Cunning
To suddenly make an expression with your face that shows that you are feeling pain or embarrassment

Windfall
Winsome
Withhold
Withstand
Witless
Wizardry
Wizened
Woe
Worldly
Wrath

Noun
Adjective
Verb
Verb
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun
Adjective
Noun

The amount of money that sb/sth wins or receives unexpectedly

(of people or their manner) Pleasant and attractive , Syn: engaging
To refuse to give sth to sb, Syn: Keep back
To be strong enough, not to be hurt by extreme conditions
Silly or stupid, not sensible
A very impressive and clear achievement, great skill
Looking smaller and having many folds and lines in the skin
The troubles and problems that sb has, Syn: Misery
Connected with the world in which we live rather than with spiritual things.
Deep anger; fury

Wreckage

Noun

The parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed.

Wrench
Writhe
Yield
Zeal
Zombie
Zoo

Noun
Verb
Verb
Noun
Noun
Noun

Twist; Jerk
To twist or move your body without stopping, often because you are in great pain
To allow sb to win, have or take control of sth that has been yours until now, Syn: Surrender.
Great energy or enthusiasm connected with sth that you feel strongly about.
Corpse brought to life by a supernatural force
A place where wild animals are kept

VOCABULARY
Diagnosis

Nouns
The act of discovering or identifying the exact cause of a illness or a problem

Liaison

(1) A relationship between two organizations or different departments in an organization, involving the exchange
of information or ideas. (2) A secret sexual relationship, especially if one or both partners are married, Syn: Affair.

Litany

(1) A series of prayers to God for use in church services, spoken by a priest, etc. with set responses by people. (2)
A long boring account of a series of events, reasons etc.

Aryan

(Especially according to the ideas of the German Nazi Party) A member of a Caucasian, not Jewish, race of
people, especially one with fair hair and blue eyes.

Figment
Disservice
Aristocracy

(Idm) A figment of sb's imagination. Something that sb has imagined and does not really exist.
(Idm) Do sb a disservice. To do sth that harms sb and the opinion that other people have of them.
(In some countries) People born in the highest social class, who have special titles, Syn: Nobility.

Nirvana

(In the religion of Buddhism) The state of peace and happiness that a person achieves after giving up all personal
desires.

Pathos

(In writing, speech and plays) the power of a performance, description etc. to produce feelings of sadness and
sympathy

Totalitarian

(Of a country or system of Government) in which there is only one political party that has complete power and
control over the people

Enormity

(Of a problem etc.) The very great size, effect etc. of sth; The fact of sth being very serious.

Auxiliary

(Of workers) Giving help or support to the main group of workers, Syn: Ancillary; (Of a piece of equipment) Used if
there is a problem with the main piece of equipment.

Skepticism

(Scepticism) An attitude of doubting that claims or statements are true or that sth will happen

Proletariat

(Used especially when talking about the past) The class of ordinary people who earn money by working especially
those who do not own any property

Assumption
Verity

A belief or feeling that sth is true or that sth will happen, although there is no proof.
A belief or principle about life that is accepted as true

Dogma

A belief or set of beliefs held by a group or organization, which others are expected to accept without argument.

Plinth
Exploit
Sibling
Sheaf
Quiver
Mutation

A block of stone on which a column or statue stands

A brave, exciting or interesting act.
A brother or a sister
A bunch of wheat tied together after being cut
A case for carrying arrows
A change in the form of structure of sth.

Hormone

A chemical substance produced in the body or in a plant that encourages growth or influences how the cells and
tissues function.

Benediction

A Christian prayer of blessing.

Archive

A collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; The place
where these records are stored.

Anthology

A collection of poem, stories etc. that have been written by different people and published together in a book.

Arsenal

A collection of weapons such as guns and explosives; A building where military weapons and explosives are
made or stored.

Seminary

A college where priests, ministers rabbis are trained

Analogy

A comparison of one thing with another thing that has similar features; A feature that is similar; The process of
comparing one thing with another thing that has similar features in order to explain it.

Contest
Deadlock
Catalogue
spectrum
Labyrinth
Proviso

A competition in which people try to win sth.

A complete failure to reach agreement or settle an argument, Syn: Stalemate.
A complete of items, for example of things that people can look at or buy.
A complete or wide range of related qualities, deeds etc.
A complicated series of paths, which it is difficult to find your way through.
A condition that must be accepted before an agreement can be made, Syn: Provision

Bravado

A confident way of behaving that is intended to impress people, sometimes as a way of hiding a lack of
confidence.

Tumult

A confused situation in which there is, usually a lot of noise and excitement, often involving a large number of
people

Correlation
Antinomy
Manuscript
Plutocracy
Belligerent
Clime

A connection between two things in which one thing changes as the other does.
A contradiction between two beliefs or conclusions that are in themselves reasonalble; A paradox.
A copy of a book, pieces of music, etc. before it has been printed.
A country governed by the richest people in it
A country or group that is fighting a war.
A country with a particular kind of climate.

Arcade

A covered passage with arches along the side of a row of buildings (Usually of row of shops/stores); A covered
passage between streets, with shops/stores on either side.

Throng
Atrocity
Parabola
Cadaver
Scenario
Clasp
Lexicon
discrepancy
Plight
Ordeal

A crowd of people
A cruel and violent act, especially in a war.
A curve like the path of an object thrown into the air and falling back to earth
A dead human body, Syn: Corpse.
A description of how things might happen in the future
A device that fastens sth, such as a bag or the ends of a belt or a piece of jewelry.
A dictionary, especially one of an ancient language, such as Greek or Hebrew.
A difference between two or more things that should be the same
A difficult and sad situation
A difficult or unpleasant experience

Impasse

A difficult situation in which no progress can be made because the people involved can not agree what to do, Syn:
Deadlock.

Stalemate

A disagreement or a situation in a competition in which neither side is able to win or make any progress, Syn:
Impasse

Scurvy
Knave
Cardiologist
Psychiatrist
Gynaecologist
Opiate
Phenomenon

A disease caused by a lack of vitamin C from not eating enough fruit and vegetables
A dishonest man or boy.
A doctor who studies and treats heart diseases.
A doctor who studies and treats mental illness
A doctor who studies and treats the medical conditions and diseases of women.
A drug containing opium
A fact or an event in nature or society, especially one that is not fully understood

Revelation

A fact that people are made aware of, especially one that has been secret and is surprising, Syn: Disclosure.

Fallacy

A false idea that many people believe is true.

Alias

A false or different name, especially one that is used by a criminal; A name that can be used instead of the usual
name for a file, Internet address, etc.

Calumny
Notable
Defect
Indignation
Chagrin
Qualm

A false statement about a person that is made to damage their reputation, Syn: Slander.
A famous or important person
A fault in sth or in the way it has been made which means that is not perfect.
A feeling of anger and surprise caused by sth that you think is unfair or unreasonable.
A feeling of being disappointed or annoyed.
A feeling of doubt or worry about whether what you are doing is right, Syn: Misgiving

Solace

A feeling of emotional comfort when you are sad or disappointed ; a person or thing that makes you feel better or
happier when you are sad or disappointed, Syn: Comfort

Rapture
Jubilation
Malice
Premonition
Presentiment
Purchase
Annuity

A feeling of extreme pleasure and happiness, Syn: Delight

A feeling of great happiness because of a success.
A feeling of hatred for sb that causes a desire to harm them.
A feeling that sth is going to happen, especially sth unpleasant
A feeling that sth is going to happen, especially sth unpleasant, Syn: Foreboding
A firm hold on sth with the hands or feet, for example, when you are climbing, Syn: Grip
A fixed amount of money paid to sb each year, usually for the rest of their life.

Stereotype

A fixed idea or image that many people have of a particular type of person or thing, but which is often not true in
reality

Momentum
Oligarchy
Compact
Armistice
Tender
Amity

A force that is gained by movement.

A form of Government in which only a small group of people hold all the power
A formal agreement between two or more people or countries.
A formal agreement during a war to stop fighting and discuss making peace, Syn: Ceasefire.
A formal offer to supply goods or do work at a stated price, Syn: Bid
A friendly relationship between people or countries.

Alchemy

A from of chemistry studied in the Middle Ages which involved trying to discover how to change ordinary metals
into gold; A mysterious power or magic that can change things.

Exposition
Farce
Draw
Canon
Apparition
Deity
Justification
Crescendo
Multiplicity

A full explanation of a theory, plan etc.

A funny play for the theatre based on ridiculous and unlikely situations and events.
A game in which both teams or players finish with the same number of points.
A generally accepted rule, standard or principle by which sth is judged.
A ghost or an image of a person who is dead.
A god or goddess
A good reason why sth exists or is done.
A gradual increase in how loudly a piece of music is played or sung, Opp: Diminuendo.
A great number and variety of sth.

Coalition

A group formed by people from several different groups, especially political ones, agreeing to work together for a
particular purpose.

Metaphysical Poets

A group of 17th century English poets who explored the nature of the world and human life, and who used images
that were surprising at that time.

Stanza

A group of lines in a repeated pattern that forms a unit in some type of poems, Syn: Verse

Contingent

A group of people at a meeting or an event who have sth in common, especially the place they come from, that is
not shared by other people at the event.

Elite

A group of people in a society, etc. who are powerful and have a lot of influence, because they are rich, intelligent
etc.

Bastion

A group of people or a system that protects a way of life or a belief when it seems that it may disappear.

Militia

A group of people who are not professional soldiers but who have had military training and can act as an army.

Idiom
Miscellany
Compunction

A group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings to the individual words.
A group or collection of different kinds of things, Syn: Assortment.
A guilty feeling about doing sth.

Anchor

A heavy metal object that is attached to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in
one place.

Adit
Pilgrimage
Doldrums
Poverty

A horizontal entrance or passage in a mine.

A journey to a holy place for religious reason
A lack of activity or improvement.
A lack of sth; Poor quality

Torrent
Panoply
Hanger
Conglomerate
Caldron
Armada
Bungalow
Metropolis
Edifice

A large amount of sth that come suddenly and violently, Syn: Deluge
A large and impressive number or collection of sth, Syn: Array.
A large building in which aircraft are kept.
A large company from by joining together different firms.
A large deep pot for boiling liquids or cooking food over a fire, Also Cauldron.
A large group of armed ships sailing together.
A large house, sometimes on more than one level, that is not joined to another house on either side.
A large important city (often the capital city of a country or region).
A large impressive building

Paraphernalia

A large number of objects or personal possessions, especially the equipment that you need for a particular
activity.

Spate

A large number of things, which are usually unpleasant that happen suddenly within a short period of time

Holster

A leather case worn on a belt or on a narrow piece of leather under the arm, used for carrying a small gun.

Dead letter

A letter that can not be delivered to an address or to the person who sent it.

Cordon

A line or ring of police officers, soldiers etc. guarding sth or stopping people from entering or leaving a place.

Agenda
Roster
Glossary
Extrovert
Discourse

A list of items to be discussed at a meeting.

A list of people's name and the jobs that they have to do at a particular time, Syn: Rota
A list of technical or special words, especially those in a particular text, explaining their meanings.
A lively and confident person who enjoys being with other people, Opp: Introvert.
A long and serious treatment of discussion of a subject in speech or writing

Vendetta

A long and violent disagreement between two families or groups, in which people are murdered in return for
previous murders

Fissure

A long deep crack in sth, especially in rock or in the earth,

Thesis

A long piece of writing completed by a student as part of a university degree, based on their own research

Dissertation
Epic
Girder
Joist
Saga
Bolt
Blare
Stalwart
Fluke
Widower
Vortex

A long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one written for a university degree.
A long poem about the actions of great men and women or about a nation's history.
A long strong iron or steel bar used for building bridges and the framework of large buildings.
A long thick piece of wood or metal that is used to support a floor or ceiling in a building.
A long traditional story about adventures and brave acts especially one from Norway or Iceland
A long, narrow piece of metal that you slide across the inside of a door or window in order to lack it.
A loud unpleasant noise.
A loyal supporter who does a lot of work for an organization, especially a political party
A lucky or unusual thing that happens by accident, not because of planning or skill.
A man whose wife has died and who has not married again
A mass of air, water etc. that spins around very fast and pull things into its centre, Syn: Whirlpool

Tumour

A mass of cells growing in or on a part of the body, where they should not, usually causing medical problems

Avalanche
Repast

A mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain.
A meal

Anemia

A medical condition in which sb has too few red cells in their blood, making them look plae and feel weak.

Amnesia
Haemorrhage
Postmortem
Nomad
Trauma

A medical condition in which sb partly or completely loss their memory.

A medical condition in which there is severe loss of blood from inside a person's body.
A medical examination of the body of a dead person in order to find out how they died, Syn: Autopsy
A member of a community that moves with its animals from place to place.
A mental condition caused by sever shock esp. when the harmful effects last for a long time

Paranoia

A mental illness in which a person may wrongly believe that other people are trying to harm them, that they are sb
very important, etc.

Kleptomania
Megalomania

A mental illness in which sb has a strong desire, which they can not control, to steal things.
A mental illness or condition in which sb has an exaggerated belief in their own importance or power.

Alloy

A metal that is formed by mixing two types of metal together or by mixing metal with another substance.

Regime
Junta

A method of system of government

A military government that has taken power by force.

Amalgam

A mixture or combination of things; A mixture of Mercury and another metal, used especially to fill holes in the
teeth.

Appellation
Satellite
Cleft
Bent
Resurrection
Catcall
Altercation
Remnant
Mode
Epitome
Remission
Millennium
Interlude

A name or title.
A natural object that moves around a larger natural object
A natural opening or crack, for example in the ground or in rock, or in a person's chin.
A natural skill or interest in sth.
A new beginning for sth which is old or which had disappeared or become weak
A noise or shout expressing anger at or disapproval of sb who is speaking or performing in public.
A noisy argument or disagreement.
A part of sth that is left after the other parts have been used, removed, destroyed etc., Remaining
A particular way of doing sth; A particular type of sth.
A perfect example of sth, Syn: Embodiment.
A period during which a serious illness improves for a time and the patient seems to get better
A period of 1000 years, especially as calculated before or after the birth of Christ.
A period of time between two events during which sth different happens.

Epoch

A period of time in history, especially one during which important events or changes happen, Syn: Era.

Quarantine

A period of time when an animal or a person that has or may have a disease is kept away from others in order to
prevent the disease from spreading

Apprenticeship
Aggressor
Insurgent
Expatriate
Reaper
Courier
Catalyst

A period of time working as an apprentice; A job as an apprentice.

A person , country, etc. that attacks first.
A person fighting against the government or armed forces of their own country.
A person living in a country that is not their own.
A person or a machine that cuts or collects crops on a farm
A person or company whose job is to take packages or important papers somewhere.
A person or thing that causes a change.

Precursor

A person or thing that comes before sb/sth similar and that leads to or influences this development, Syn:
Forerunner

Counterpart

A person or thing that has the same position or function as sb/sth else in a different place or situation, Syn:
Opposite number.

Bulwark

A person or thing that protects or defends sth; A wall built as defence; The part of a ship's side that is above the
level of the deck.

Clone
Colleague
Pedestrian
Devotee
Pessimist
Optimist
Parasite
Inquisitor
Supplicant

A person or thing that seems to be an exact copy of another.

A person that you work with, especially in a profession or a business.
A person walking in the street and not travelling in a vehicle
A person who admires and a very enthusiastic about something
A person who always expects bad things to happen, Opp: Optimist
A person who always expects good things to happen or thing to be successful
A person who always relies on or benefits from other people and gives nothing back.
A person who asks a lot of difficult questions, especially in a way that makes you feel threatened.
A person who asks for sth in a humble way, especially from God or a powerful person.

Automaton

A person who behaves like a machine, without thinking or feeling anything, Syn: Robot; A machine that moves
without human control; A small robot.

Royalist
Atheist
Anarchist

A person who believes that a country should have a king or queen, Syn: Monarchist
A person who believes that God does not exist.
A person who believes that laws and governments are not necessary.

Cynic

A person who believes that people only do things to help themselves, rather than for good or sincere reasons.

Perpetrator
Iconoclast
Quack

A person who commits a crime or does sth that is wrong or evil

A person who criticizes popular beliefs or established customs and ideas.
A person who dishonestly claims to have medical knowledge or skills

Saboteur

A person who does deliberate damage to sth to prevent an enemy from using it, or to protest about sth.

Maverick

A person who does not behave or think like every one else. But who has independendent , unusual opinion.

Teetotaler
Vegetarian
Layman
Buffon
Artisan
Malefactor
Cannibal
Rebel
Beneficiary
Sadist
Veteran
Incumbent
Proxy
Cosmopolitan
Apostate

A person who does not drink alcohol

A person who does not eat meat or fish.
A person who does not have expert knowledge of a particular subject.
A person who does silly but amusing things.
A person who does skilled work, making things with their hands, Syn: Craftsman.
A person who does wrong, illegal or immoral things.
A person who eats human flesh; An animal that eats the flesh of other animals of the same kind.
A person who fights against the government of their country
A person who gains as a result of sth; A person who receives money or property when sb dies.
A person who gets pleasure, especially sexual pleasure, from hurting other people
A person who has a lot of experience in a particular area or activity
A person who has an official position.
A person who has been given the authority to represent sb else
A person who has experience of many different parts of the world.
A person who has rejected their religious or political beliefs.

Bigot

A person who has very strong, unreasonable beliefs or opinions about race, religion or politics and who will not
listen to or accept the opinions of anyone who disagrees.

Accomplice
Firebrand
Scapegoat
Arbitrator
Pushover
Fanatic

A person who helps another to commit a crime or to do sth wrong.

A person who is always encouraging other people.
A person who is blamed for sth bad that sb else has done or for some failure, Syn: Full guy
A person who is chosen to settle a disagreement.
A person who is easy to persuade or influence
A person who is extremely enthusiastic about sth, Syn: Enthusiast.

Casualty

A person who is killed or injured in war or in accident; A person that suffers or a thing that is destroyed when sth
else takes place, Syn: Victim.

Novice
Alien
Paragon
Missionary

A person who is new and has little experience in a skill, job or situation.
A person who is not a citizen of the country in which they live or work; A creature from another world.
A person who is perfect or who is a perfect example of a particular good quality.
A person who is sent to a foreign country to teach people about Christianity.

Emissary

A person who is sent to deliver an official message, especially from one country to another, or to perform a special
task, Syn: Envoy.

Tycoon
Polymath
Linguist
Turncoat
Contemporary

A person who is successful in business or industry and has become rich or powerful
A person who knows a lot about many different subjects
A person who knows several foreign languages well.
A person who leaves one political party, religious group etc. to join one that has very different views
A person who lives or lived at the same time as sb else, especially sb who is about the same age.

Constituent

A person who lives, and can vote in a constituency.

Entrepreneur

A person who makes money by starting or running business, especially when this involves taking financial risk.

Imposter
Monarch
Vendor
Spokesman
Founder

A person who pretends to be sb else in order to trick people.

A person who rules a country, for example, a king or a queen.
A person who sells things, for example food or newspapers, usually outside on the street.
A person who speaks on behalf of a group or an organization
A person who starts an organization, institution etc. or cause sth to built.

Dissident

A person who strongly disagrees with and criticizes their government, especially in a country where this kind of
action is dangerous.

Philologist

A person who studies philology (=The scientific study of development of language or a particular language)

Martyr
Adherent
Advocate
Feminist

A person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs.
A person who supports a political party or set of ideas, Syn: Supporter.
A person who supports or speaks in favour of sb or of a public plan or action.
A person who supports the belief that women should have the same rights and opportunities as men.

Amateur

A person who takes part in a sport or other activity for enjoyment, not as a job: A person who is not skilled , Opp:
Professional.

Stickler

A person who thinks that a particular quality or type of behaviour is very important and expects other people to
think and behave in the same way

Egoist

A person who thinks that he or she is better than or more important than any one else.

Purist

A person who thinks things should be done in the traditional way and who has strong opinion on what is correct in
language, art etc.

Apologist
Detractor
Tanner

A person who tries to explain and defend sth, especially a political system or religious ideas.
A person who tries to make sb/sth seem less good or valuable by criticizing it.
A person who turns animal hides into leather

Censor

A person whose job is to examine books, films/movies, etc. and remove parts which are considered to be
offensive, immoral or political threat.

Optician
Aspirant
Arbiter

A person whose job is to examine people's eyes and to recommend and sell glasses
A person with a strong desire to achieve a position of importance or to win a competition.
A person with the power of influence to make judgments and decide what will be done or accepted.

Parallel

A person, a situation, an event etc. that is very similar to another, especially one in a different place or time, Syn:
Equivalent.

Fledging
Champion
Paradox
Progeny
Allegiance
Countenance
Temperament

A person, an organization or a system that is new and without experience.

A person, team etc. that has won a competition, especially in a sport.
A person, thing or situation that has two opposite features and therefore seems strange.
A person's children; the young of animals and plants
A person's continued support for a political party, religion, ruler, etc.
A person's face or their expression.
A person's or an animal's nature as shown in the way they behave or react to situations or people

Clich

A phrase or an idea that has been used so often that it no longer has much meaning and is not interesting.

Mosaic
Waterproof
Chasuble
Trinket
Lintel
Critique

A picture or pattern made by placing together small pieces of glass, stone etc. of different colours.
A piece of clothing made from material that does not let water through.
A piece of clothing with no sleeves, won by a priest over his/her other clothes.
A piece of jewellery or small decorative object that is not worth much money
A piece of wood or stone over a door or window, that forms part of the frame.
A piece of written criticism of a set of ideas, a work of art, etc.

Sanatorium

A place like a hospital where patients who have a lasting illness or who are getting better after illness are treated

Wardrobe
Shrine
Lacuna
Zoo
Blueprint
Quay
Scaffold
Elegy
Narcotic
Ecclesiastical
Commodity
Concert
Bate
Affront
Sally
Rejoinder
Philanthropist

A place where clothes are kept

A place where people come to worship because it is connected with a holy person or event
A place where sth is missing in a piece of writing or in an idea, a theory etc., Syn: Gap.
A place where wild animals are kept
A plan which shows what can be achieved and how it can be achieved.
A platform in a harbour when boats come into load etc..
A platform used when executing criminals by cutting off their heads or hanging them from a rope
A poem or song that expresses sadness, especially for sb who has died.
A powerful illegal drug that affects the mind in a harmful way.
A priest or minister in the Christian church.
A product or a raw material that can be bought and sold.
A public performance of music.
A rage; A cross mood.
A remark or an action that insults or offends sb/sth.
A remark that is intended to entertain or amuse sb, Syn: Witticism
A reply, especially a quick critical and amusing one
A rich person who helps a poor and those in need, especially by giving money

Conservatory

A room with glass walls and a glass roof that is built on the side of a house. Conservatories are used for sitting in
to enjoy the sun, and to protect plants from cold weather.

Boor
Churl
Precept
Autocrat
Despot
Astronomer
Biologist
Botanist
Conspiracy

A rude unpleasant person.

A rude unpleasant person.
A rule about how to behave or what to think, Syn: Principle
A ruler who has complete power, Syn: Despot.
A ruler with great power, especially one who uses it in curd way
A scientist who studies astronomy.
A scientist who studies biology.
A scientist who studies botany.
A secret plan by a group of people to do sth harmful or illegal.

Cipher

A secret way of writing, especially one in which a set of letters or symbols is used to represent others, Syn: Code.

Subterfuge
Inquisition
Dynasty

A secret, usually dishonest, way of behaving

A series of questions that sb asks you, especially when they ask them in an unpleasant way,
A series of rulers of a country who all belong to the same family.

Continuum

A series of similar items in which each is almost the same as the ones next to it but the last is very different from
the first, Syn: Cline.

Process
Rift
Ideology
Creed
Skirmish
Fanfare
Aphorism
Epigram

A series of things that are done in order to achieve a particular result

A serious disagreement between people that stops relationship from continuing, Syn: Break
A set of ideas that an economic or political system is based on.
A set of principles or religious beliefs.
A short fight between small groups of soldiers etc., especially one that is not planned
A short loud piece of music that is played to celebrate.
A short phrase that says sth true or wise.
A short poem or phrase that expresses an idea in a clever or amusing way.

Parable

A short story that teaches a moral or spiritual lesson, especially one of those told by Jesus as recorded in the
Bible

Prcis
Anarchy

A short version of a speech or a piece of writing that gives the main points or ideas, Syn: Summary
A situation in a country, an organization, etc. in which there is no government, order or control.

Insurrection

A situation in which a large group of people try to take political control of their own country with violence, Syn:
Uprising.

Equity

A situation in which everyone is treated equally, Syn: Fairness, Opp: Inequity.

Dilemma

a situation in which makes problems, one in which you have to make a very difficult choice between thing of equal
importance syn: Predicament

Exodus

A situation in which many people leave a place at the same time.

Holocaust

A situation in which many things are destroyed and many people killed, especially because of a war or a fire.

Imbalance

A situation in which two or more things are not the same size or are not treated the same, in a way that is unfair or
causes problems.

Anticlimax

A situation that is disappointing because it happens at the end of sth that was much more exciting, or because it is
not as exciting as you expected.

Indignity

A situation that makes you feel embarrassed or ashamed because you are not treated with respect; An act that
causes these feelings, Syn: Humiliate.

Corollary
Sluice
Inkling
Sluggard
Wicket gate

A situation, an argument or a fact that is the natural and direct result of another one.
A sliding gate or other device for controlling the flow of water out of or into a canal, etc...
A slight knowledge of sth that is happening or about to happen, Syn: Suspicion.
A slow lazy person
A small gate, esp. one at the side of a large one

Sect

A small group of people who belong to a particular religion but who have some beliefs or practices which
separates them from the rest of the group

Skiff
Brochure
Aperture
Vent
Vestige
Cubicle
Pilchard
Splinter
Cascade
Appendage
Whiff
Polity
Mercenary
Sentinel
Ballad

A small light boat for rowing or sailing usually for one person
A small magazine or book containing pictures and information about sth or advertising sth.
A small opening in sth; An opening that allows light to reach a lens, especially in cameras.
A small opening; express; utter
A small part of sth that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing
A small room that is made by separating off part of a larger room.
A small sea fish that is used for food
A small thin sharp piece of wood , metal, glass etc. that has broken off a large piece, Syn: Shard
A small waterfall, especially one of several falling down a steep slope with rocks.
A smaller or less important part of sth larger.
A smell esp. one that you only smell for a short time
A society as a political unit
A soldier who will fight for any country or group that offers payment.
A soldier whose job is to guard sth, Syn: Sentry
A song or poem that tells a story; A slow popular song about love.

Anthem

A song which has a special importance for a country, an organization, or a particular group of people and is sung
on special occasions.

Mausoleum
Maiden Speech
Homily
Eulogy

A special building made to hold the dead body of an important person or the dead bodies of a family.
A speech made for the first time.
A speech or piece of writing giving advice on the correct way to behave, etc.
A speech or piece of writing praising sth/sb very much.

Epilogue

A speech, etc. at the end of a play, book, or film/movie that comments on or acts as a conclusion to what has
happened.

Dais
Equilibrium
Disarray
Lassitude
Hilarity
Repose
Premise
Generality
Postulate

A stage, especially at one end of a room, on which people stand to make speeches to an audience.
A state of balance, especially between opposing forces or influences.
A state of confusion and lack of organization in a situation or a place
A state of feeling very tired in mind or body; lack of energy.
A state of great amusement which makes people laugh.
A state of rest, sleep or feeling calm
A statement or an idea that forms the basis for a reasonable line of argument
A statement that discusses general principles or issues rather than details or particular examples.
A statement that is accepted as true, that forms the basis of a theory, etc.

Assurance

A statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it,
Syn: Guarantee, Promise.

Catapult

A stick shaped like a Y with a rubber band attached to it, used by children for shooting stones, Syn: Slingshot.

Buttress

A stone or brick structure that supports a wall.

Jingoism

A strong belief that your own country is best, especially when this is expressed in support of war with another
country.

Cupidity
Revulsion
Aversion
Foreboding
Phobia
Blunder
Cuisine

A strong desire for more wealth, possessions, powers etc. than a person needs, Syn: Greed.
A strong feeling of disgust or horror, Syn: Repugnance
A strong feeling of not liking sb/sth.
A strong feeling that sth unpleasant or dangerous is going to happen.
A strong unreasonable fear of sth
A stupid and careless mistake.
A style of cooking; The food served in a restaurant.

Motif

A subject, an idea, or a phrase that is repeated and developed in a work of literature or a piece of music, Syn:
Theme

Condiment

A substance such as salt or pepper that is used to give flavour to food; A sauce, etc. that is used to give flavour to
food, or that is eaten with food.

Antidote

A substance that controls the effects of a poison or disease; Any thing that takes away the effects of sth
unpleasant.

Pigment

A substance that exists naturally in people animals or plants and gives their skin, leaves etc. a particular

Antiseptic
Incursion
Cataclysm
Catastrophe

A substance that helps to prevent infection in wounds by killing bacteria, Syn: Disinfectant.
A sudden attack on a place by foreign armies etc.
A sudden disaster or a violent event that causes change, for example a flood or a war.
A sudden event that causes many people to suffer, Syn: Disaster.

Lunge

A sudden powerful forward movement of the body and arm that a person makes towards another person or thing,
especially when attacking or trying to take hold of them.

Ejaculation
Deluge
Whim
Synopsis
Protocol
Democracy
Autocracy

A sudden shout or sound that you make when you are angry or surprised, Syn: Exclamation.
A sudden very heavy fall or rain, Syn: Flood.
A sudden wish to do or have sth esp. when it is sth unusual or unnecessary
A summary of a piece of writing, a play etc.
A system of fixed rules and formal behaviour used at official meetings, usually between governments
A system of government in which all the people of a country can vote to elect their representatives.
A system of government of a country in which one person has complete power.

Homoeopathy

A system of treating diseases or conditions using very small amount of the substance that causes the disease or
condition.

Indices

A system that shows the level of prices and wages, etc. so that they can be compared with those of a previous
data.

Hierarchy

A system, especially in a society or an organization, in which people are organized into different levels of
importance from highest to lowest.

Pylon
Capitation
Moratorium

A tall metal structure that is used for carrying electricity wires high above the ground
A tax or payment of an equal amount for each person; The system of payments of this kind.
A temporary stopping of an activity, especially by official agreement.

Glaze

A thin clear liquid put on clay objects such as cups and plates before they are finished, to give them a hard shiny
surface.

Veneer

A thin layer of wood or plastic that is glued to the surface of cheaper wood, esp. on a piece of furniture.

Compound
Anathema

A thing consisting of two or more separate things combined together.

A thing or an idea which you hate because it is the opposite of what you believe.

Abomination
Convolution

A thing that causes disgust and hatred, or is considered extremely offensive.

A thing that is very complicated and difficult to follow; A twister curve, especially one of many.

Gambit

A thing that sb does, or sth that sb says at the beginning of a situation or conversation, that is intended to give
them some advantage.

Memento
Formality
Microcosm
Chisel
Rent

A thing that you keep or give to sb to remind you or them of a person or place, Syn: Souvenir.
A thing that you must do as a formal or official part of a legal process, a social situation, etc.
A thing, a place or a group that has all the features and qualities of sth much larger.
A tool with a sharp flat edge at the end, used for shaping wood, stone or metal.
A torn place in a piece of metal or clothing

Kaleidoscope

A toy consisting of a tube that you look through with loose pieces of coloured glass and mirrors at the end. When
the tube is turned, the pieces of glass move and form different pattern.

Lotus
Culvert

A tropical plant with white or pink flowers that grows on the surface of lakes in Africa and Asia.
A tunnel that carries a river or a pipe for water under a road.

Indenture

A type of contract in the past that forced a servant, apprentice to work for their employer for a particular period of
time.

Fleece
Glucose
Paradigm

A type of soft warm cloth that feels like sheep's wool

A type of sugar that is found in fruit and is easily changed into energy by the human body.
A typical example or pattern of sth.

Carat

A unit of measuring the weight of diamonds and other precious stones, equal to 200 milligrams; A unit of
measuring how pure gold is. The purest gold is 24 carats.

Denomination
Wizardry

A unit of value, especially of money.

A very impressive and clear achievement, great skill

Pittance

A very small amount of money that sb receives, for example as a wage, and that is hardly enough to live on

Rivulet
Slough
Precipice
Sage
Panorama

A very small river, a small stream of water or other liquid

A very soft wet area of land
A very steep side of a high cliff, mountain or rock
A very wise person
A view of a wide area of land, Syn: Vista.

Reprisal

A violent and aggressive act towards sb because of sth bad they have done towards you, Syn: Retaliation

Typhoon

A violent tropical storm with very strong winds

Guise

A way in which sb/sth appears, often in a way that is different from usual or that hides the truth about them/it.

Medium
Ruse
Access

A way of communicating information etc. to people.

A way of doing sth or of getting sth by cheating sb, Syn: Trick
A way of entering or reaching a place; The opportunity or right to use sth or to see sb/sth.

Camouflage

A way of hiding soldiers and military equipment, using paint, leaves or nets, so that they look like part of their
surroundings; Behaviour that is deliberately meant to hide the truth.

the Antipodes

A way of referring to Australia and New Zealand, often used in a humorous way.

Hyperbole

A way of speaking or writing that makes sth sound better, more exciting, dangerous, etc. than it really is,
Exaggeration.

Whimsy

A way of thinking or behaving, or a style of doing sth that is unusual and not serious in a way that is either
amusing or annoying

Sarcasm

A way of using words that are the opposite of what you mean in order to be unpleasant to sb or to make fun of
them

Adage

A well known phrase expressing a general truth about people or the world, Syn: Saying.

Maxim

A well known phrase that expresses sth that is usually true or that people think is a rule for sensible behaviour.

Scourge

A whip used to punish people in the past

Widow

A women whose husband has died and who has not married again

Acronym

A word formed from the first letters of the words that make up the name of sth, for example 'AIDS' is an acronym
of 'acquired immune deficiency syndrome.'

Endearment
Simile

A word or an expression that is used to show affection.

A word or phrase that compares sth to sth else using the words 'like' or 'as'

Metaphor

A word or phrase used to describe sb/sth else, in a way that is different from its normal use, in order to show that
the two things have the same qualities and to make the description more powerful.

Derivative
Consternation

A word or thing that has been developed or produced from another word or thing
A worried, sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant surprise.

Warranty

A written agreement in which a company selling sth promises to repair or replace it if there is a problem within a
particular period of time, Syn: Guarantee.

subpoena
Chronicle

A written order to attend court as a witness to give evidence

A written record of events in the order in which they happened.

Manifesto

A written statement in which a group of people, especially a political party, explain their beliefs and say what they
will do if they win an election.

Affidavit
Whelp
Summation
Depredation
Consonance
Posterity

A written statement that you swear is true, and that can be used in as evidence in court.
A young animal of the dog family, A puppy or a cub
Act of finding the total; A summary of what has been done or said
Acts that cause damage to people's property, lives etc.
Agreement.
All the people who will live in the future

Ecosystem

All the plants and living creatures in a particular area considered in relation to their physical environment.

Din
Quarry
Hoax
Infraction
Prompting

Aloud, unpleasant noise that lasts for a long time Syn: Racket
An animal or a person that is being hunted or followed, Syn: Prey
An act intended to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sth unpleasant.
An act of breaking a rule or law, Syn: Infringement.
An act of persuading sb to do sth

Adjunct

An adverb or a phrase that adds meaning to the verb in a sentence or part of a sentence; A thing that is added or
attached to sth larger or more important.

Compromise

An agreement made between two people or groups in which each side gives up some of the things they want so
that both sides are happy at the end.

Configuration

An agreement of the parts of sth or a group of things; The form or shape that this arrangement produces.

Remuneration
Plethora

An amount of money that is paid to sb for the work they have done
An amount that is greater than is needed or can be used, Syn: Excess

Recrimination

An angry statement that sb makes accusing sb else of sth, especially in response to a similar statement from them

Mammal
Oasis

An animal that gives birth to live babies, not eggs, and feeds its young on milk.
An area in the desert where there is water and where plants grew.

Ghetto

An area of a city where many people of the same race or background live, separately from the rest of the
population; Ghettos are often crowded, with bad living conditions.

Rendezvous
Obituary
Quirk
Debacle
Calamity
Facsimile
Mentor
Detonation

An arrangement to meet sb at a particular time and place

An article about sb's life and achievements, that is printed in a newspaper soon after they have died.
An aspect of sb's personality or behaviour that is a little strange, Syn: Peculiarity
An event or a situation that is a complete failure and causes embarrassment.
An event that causes great damage to people's lives, property, etc. Syn: Disaster.
An exact copy of sth.
An experienced person who advises and helps sb with less experience over a period of time.
An explosion; the action of making something explode

Claustrophobia

An extreme fear of being in a small confined place; The unpleasant feeling that a person gets in a situation which
restricts them.

Eon

An extremely long period of time, thousands of years, Syn: Aeon.

Mania

An extremely strong desire or enthusiasm for sth, often shared by a lot of people at the same time, Syn: Craze.

Euphoria

An extremely strong feeling of happiness and excitement that usually lasts only a short time.

Hypothesis

An idea or explanation of sth that is based on a few known facts but that has not yet been proved to be true or
correct, Syn: Theory.

Utopia
Chimera
Myopia
Preamble
Relic
Projectile
Referendum

An imaginary place or state in which everything is perfect

An impossible idea or hope.
An inability to see things clearly when they are far away, Syn: Short Sight, Short Sightedness.
An introduction to a book or a written document; An introduction to sth you say
An object, a tradition etc., that has survived from a period of time
An object, such as a bullet, that is fired from a gun or other weapon
An occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue

Eclipse

An occasion when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that you can not see all or part of the sun
for a time; An occasion when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you can not see all or part
of the moon for a time.

Infidel

An offensive way of referring to sb who does not believe in what the speaker considers to be the true religion.

Acquittal

An official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime, Opp: Conviction.

Passport

An official document that identifies you as a citizen of a particular country and you may have to show when you
enter or leave a country

Autopsy

An official examination of a dead body by a doctor in order to discover the cause of death, Syn: Post-Mortem.

Decree
Fiat
Mandate
Edict
Embargo
Log

An official order from a ruler or government that becomes the law.

An official order given by sb in authority, Syn: Decree.
An official order given to sb to perform a particular task.
An official order or statement given by sb in authority, Syn: Decree.
An official order that bans trade with another country, Syn: Boycott.
An official record of events during a particular period of time, especially a journey on a ship or plane.

Annals

An official record of events or activities year by year; Historical records; Used in the titles of academic journal.

Patent

An official right to be the only person to make, use or sell a product or an invention ; a document that proves this.

Assessment
Ordinance
Summons
Grimace
Minion
Rebuff
Morass
Exigency
Contention

An opinion or a judgment about sb/sth that has been thought about very carefully, Syn: Evaluation.
An order or a rule made by a government or sb in position of authority
An order to appear in court
An ugly expression made by twisting your face, used to show pain, disgust etc. or to make sb laugh.
An unimportant person in an organization who has to obey orders; A servant.
An unkind refusal of a friendly offer, request or suggestion, Syn: Rejection
An unpleasant and complicated situation that is difficult to escape from, Syn: Web
An urgent need or demand that you must deal with, Syn: Demand.
Angry disagreement between people, Syn: Dispute.

Amphibian

Any animal that can live both on land and in water. Amphibians have cold blood and skin without stales.

Carnivore
Quadruped
Galaxy
Faculty

Any animal that eats meat.

Any creature with four feet
Any of the large systems of stars, etc. in outer space.
Any of the physical or mental abilities that a person is born with.

Mischance
Conformity

Bad luck
Behaviour or actions that follow the accepted rules of society.

Affectation

Behaviour or an action that is not natural or sincere and that is often intended to impress other people.

Virtue
Blasphemy
Treachery

Behaviour or attitude that show high moral standards

Behaviour or language that insults or shows a lack of respect for God.
Behaviour that involves not being loyal to sb who trusts you

Eccentricity

Behaviour that people think is strange or unusual; The quality of being unusual and different from other people.

Composed
Repartee
Raiment
Hegemony
Zombie
Fortitude
Aspersions
Wrath
Application
discard
Duplicity

Calm and in control of your feelings.

Clever and amusing comments and replies that are made quickly, Syn: Swordplay
Clothing
Control by one country, organization etc. over other countries, etc. within a particular group.
Corpse brought to life by a supernatural force
Courage shown by sb who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties, Syn: Bravery, Courage.
Critical or unpleasant remarks or judgments.
Deep anger; fury
Determination to work hard at sth; Great effort.
Disagreement; Arguing, Opp: Concord.
Dishonest behavior that is intended to make sb believe sth which is not true, Syn: Deceit.

Relativity

Einstein's theory of the universe based on the principle that all movement is relative and that time is a fourth
dimension related to space

Inanition
Verve
Vigour
Gusto
Expertise
Bliss
Temerity
Default
Renown

Emptiness
Energy, excitement, Syn: Gusto
energy, force or enthusiasm, Syn: Vitality
Enthusiasm and energy in doing sth.
Expert knowledge or skill in a particular subject, activity or job.
Extreme happiness.
Extremely confident behaviour that people are likely to consider rude
Failure to do sth that must be done by law, especially paying a debt.
Fame and respect because of sth you have done that people admire

Misgiving

Feelings of doubt or anxiety about what might happen, or about whether or not sth is the right thing to do.

Enmity
Awe
Fodder
Shared
Latitude
Banter
Bounty
Spectre

Feelings of hatred towards sb.

Feelings of respect and slight fear; Feelings of being very impressed by sth/sb.
Food for horses and farm animals.
Fragment generally of pottery
Freedom to choose what you do or the way that you do it, Syn: Liberty.
Friendly remarks and jokes.
Generous actions; Sth provided in large quantities; Money given as a reward.
Ghost, Phantom

Nepotism

Giving unfair advantages to your own family if you are in a position of power, especially by giving them jobs.

Contraband
Plutocracy
Theocracy
Zeal
Devotion
Esteem
Prowess

Goods that are illegally taken into or out of a country.

Government by the richest people of a country
Government of a country by religious leaders
Great energy or enthusiasm connected with sth that you feel strongly about.
Great love, care and support for something
Great respect and admiration; A good opinion of sb.
Great skill at doing sth

Pigtail

Hair that is tied together into one or two bunches and twisted into a plait or plaits worn either at the back of the
head or one on each side of the head

Mirth
Drudgery
Connivance
Succour
Behest
Abeyance
Beeline
Auspices
Impunity

Happiness, fun and the sound of people, laughing, Syn: Merriment.

Hard boring work.
Help in doing sth wrong; The failure to stop sth wrong from happening.
Help that you give to sb who is suffering or having a problem
Idm: At sb's behest. Because sb has ordered or requested it.
Idm: In abeyance. Not being used, or being stopped for a period of time.
Idm: Make a beeline for sth/sb. To go straight towards sth/sb as quickly as you can.
Idm: Under the auspices of sb/sth. With the help, support or protection of sb/sth.
If a person does sth bad with impunity, they do not get punished for what they have done.

Preponderance

If there is a preponderance of one type of people or things in a group, there are more of them than others, Syn:
Predominance

Brink
Laches
Contumely
Impiety
Asthenia

If you are on the brink of sth, you are almost in a very new, dangerous or exciting situation.
Inexcusably delay
Insolent or reproachful language or treatment; disgrace.
Lack of respect for God.
Loss of strength; Debility

Opulent

Made or decorated using expensive material, Syn: Luxurious; (Of people) Extremely rich, Syn: Wealthy.

Munitions
Reparation
Ethic
Trumpery
Assent

Military weapons, ammunition, and equipment.

Money that is paid by a country that is lost a war, for the damage, injuries etc. that it has caused
Moral principle that control or influence a person's behaviour.
Objects of little value
Official agreement to or approval of sth.

Balm

Oil with a pleasant smell that is obtained from some types of trees and plants, used in the past to help heal
wounds, for example.

Component
Facet
Ramification
Tenet
Defiance

One of several parts of which sth is made.

One of the flat sides of a jewel.
One of the large number of complicated and unexpected results that follow an action or a decision
One of the principles or beliefs that a theory or larger set of beliefs based on
Open refusal to obey sth/sb.

Pogrom

Organized killing of large numbers of people because of their race or religion (Originally the killing of Jews in
Russia

Concord
Pallor
Perquisite

Pace and agreement, Syn: Harmony, Opp: Discord.

Pale colouring of the face especially because of illness or fear
Perk; Something you receive as well as your wages for doing a particular job

Brawn

Physical strength; Meat made from the head of a pig or calf that has been boiled and pressed into a container,
served cold in thin slices.

Debris
Blandishment
Clout
Plaudits
Prolegomena
Patrimony

Pieces of wood, metal brick etc. that are left after sth has been destroyed.
Pleasant things that you say to sb or do for them to try to persuade them to do sth.
Power and influence; A blow with the hand or a hard object.
Praise and approval
Preliminary remarks
Property that is given to sb when their father dies, Syn : Inheritance.

Asylum

Protection that a government gives to people who have left their own country usually because they were in danger
for political reasons; A hospital where people who were mentally ill could be cared for, often for a long time.

Nemesis
Perdition

Punishment or defeat that is deserved and can not be avoided.

Punishment that lasts forever after death

Spontaneity
Rasp
Invective

Quality of being spontaneous

Rough unpleasant sound
Rude language and unpleasant remarks when sb shouts when they are very angry.

stupor

S state in which you are unable to think, hear etc. clearly especially because you have drunk too much alcohol,
taken drugs or had a shock

Sanctuary
Pomposity
Retribution
Bane
Fiasco
Entity
Imponderable
Homage
Implication
Boon
Illusion
Panacea

Safety and protection, especially for people who are being chased or attacked
Self important behaviour
Severe punishment for sth seriously wrong that sb has done
Something that causes trouble and makes people unhappy.
Something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment, Syn: Disaster.
Something that exists separately from other things and has its own identity.
Something that is difficult to measure or estimate.
Something that is said or done to show respect for sb.
Something that is suggested or indirectly stated.
Something that is very helpful and makes life easier for you.
Something that seems to exist but in fact does not, or seems to be sth that is not.
Something that will solve all the problems of a particular situation

Concession

Something that you allow or do, or allow sb to have, in order to end an argument or to make a situation less
difficult.

Objective
Salutation

Something that you are trying to achieve, Syn: Goal

Something that you say to welcome or say hello to sb

Incantation

Special words that are spoken or sung to have a magic effect; The act of speaking or singing these words.

Rhetoric
Celerity
Tonic
Schism

Speech or writing that is intended to influence people, but that is not completely honest or sincere
Speed, Rapidity.
Sth that refreshes
Strong disagreement within an organization, especially a religious one

Solidarity

Support by one person or group of people for another because they share feelings, opinions, aims etc

Condolence
Mettle

Sympathy that you feel for sb when a person in their family or that they know well has died.
The ability and determination to do sth successfully despite difficult conditions.

Efficacy

The ability of sth, especially drug or a medical treatment, to produce the results that are wanted, Syn:
Effectiveness.

Tact

The ability to deal with difficult and embarrassing situations carefully and without doing or saying anything that will
annoy or upset other people

Leverage
Foresight

The ability to influence what people do.

The ability to predict what is likely to happen and to use this to prepare for the future.

Elocution

The ability to speak clearly and correctly, especially in public and pronouncing the words in a way that is
considered to be socially acceptable.

Intellect

The ability to think in a logical way and understand things, especially at an advanced level; Your mind.

Empathy
Capacity
Supplication
Respiration
Diversion
Felony
Provocation
Termination
Conviction

The ability to understand another person's feelings, experience etc.

The ability to understand or to do sth.
The act of asking for sth with a very humble request or prayer
The act of breathing
The act of changing the direction that sb/sth is following, or what sth is used for.
The act of committing a serious crime such as murder or rape.
The act of doing or saying sth deliberately in order to make sb upset
The act of ending sth; the end of sth
The act of finding sb guilty of a crime in court; The fact of having been found guilty, Opp: Acquittal.

Restitution
Resignation
Suicide
Libel
Diminution

The act of giving back sth that was lost or stolen to its owner, Syn: Restoration
The act of giving up your job or position; The occasion when you do this
The act of killing yourself deliberately
The act of printing a statement about sth that is not true and that gives people a bad opinion of them.
The act of reducing something or of being reduced

Salvage

The act of saving things that have been, or are likely to be, damage or lost, especially in a disaster or an accident

Dispatch
Expenditure

The act of sending sb/sth somewhere.

The act of spending or using money; An amount of money spent.

Opposition

The act of strongly disagreeing with sb or sth especially with the aim of preventing sth from happening

Complicity
Sacrilege

The act of taking part with another person in a crime, Syn: Collusion.
The act of treating the holy thing or place without respect

Largess

The act or quality of being generous with money; Money that you give to people who have less than you.

Cohesion
Reconnaissance
Intrigue

The act or state of keeping together, Syn: Unity.

The activity of getting information about an area for military purposes using soldiers, places etc.
The activity of making secret plans in order to achieve an aim, often by tricking people.

Deficit

The amount by which money spent or owed is greater than money earned in a particular period of time.

Windfall
Antiquity
Gastronomy
Cartography

The amount of money that sb/sth wins or receives unexpectedly

The ancient past, especially the times of the Greeks and Romans.
The art and practice of cooking and eating good food.
The art or process of drawing or making maps.

Infrastructure

The basic systems and services that are necessary for a country or an organization to run smoothly, for example
buildings, transport and water and power supplies.

Genesis

The beginning or origin of sth.

Fatalism

The belief that events are decided by fate and that you can not control them; The fact of accepting that you can
not prevent sth from happening.

Pantheism

The belief that God is present in all natural things

Mysticism

The belief that knowledge of God and of real truth can be found through prayer and meditation rather through
reason and the senses.

Hedonism
Pacifism
Metaphysics
Ambience
Metabolism
Artifice

The belief that the pleasure is the most important thing in life.
The believe that war and violence are always wrong
The branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of existence, truth and knowledge.
The character and atmosphere of a place.
The chemical process in living things that change food, etc. into energy and materials for growth.
The clever use of tricks to cheat sb, Syn: Cunning.

Advent

The coming of an important event, person, invention, etc.; The period of four weeks before Christmas in the
Christian religion.

Monopoly
The gamut
Addiction

The complete control of Trade in particular goods or the supply of a particular service.
The complete range of a particular kind of thing.
The condition of being addicted to sth.

Environment

The conditions that affect the behaviour and development of sb/sth; The physical conditions that sb/sth exists in.

Barrage

The continuous firing of a large number of guns in a particular direction, especially to protect soldiers while they
are attacking or moving towards the enemy.

Homicide
Matricide
Bigamy

The crime of killing sb deliberately, Syn: Murder.

The crime of killing your mother; A person who is guilty of this crime.
The crime of marrying sb when you are still legally marries to sb else.

Larceny
Perjury
Polyandry
Polygamy
Breadth
Partition
Demise
Legend
Incidence
Influx
List
Parsimony

The crime of stealing sth from sb. Syn: Theft.

The crime of telling a lie in court
The custom of having more than one husband at the same time
The custom of having more than one wife at the same time
The distance or measurement from one side to the other; How broad or wide sth is, Syn: Width.
The division of country into two or more countries
The end or failure of an institution, an idea, a company etc; Death.
The explanation of a map or a diagram in a book, Syn: Key
The extent to which sth happens or has an effect.
The fact of a lot of people, money, or things arriving somewhere.
The fact of a ship leaning to one side.
The fact of being extremely unwilling to spend money, Syn: Meanness.

Hallucination

The fact of seeming to see or hear sb/sth that is not really there, especially because of illness or drugs.

Coincidence
Altruism
Ancestry
Sympathy

The fact of two things happening at the same time by chance; In a surprising way.
The fact or caring about the needs and happiness of other people more than your own.
The family or the race of people that you come from.
The feeling for being sorry for sb; Showing that you understand and care about sb's problems

Envy

The feeling of wanting to be in the same situation as sb else; The feeling of wanting sth that sb else has.

Contempt
Threshold
Polity
Discretion
Extremity
Evolution
Aphesis
Extreme
Audience
Acme

The feeling that sb/sth is without value and deserves no respect at all.
The floor or ground at the bottom of a Doorway, considered as the entrance to a building or room
The form of process of Government
The freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation
The furthest point, end or limit of sth.
The gradual development of sth.
The gradual loss of an unstressed vowel at the beginning of a word.
The greatest or highest degree of sth.
The group of people who have gathered to watch or listen to sth (a play, concert, sb speaking, etc.)
The highest stage of development or the most excellent example of sth, Syn: Height.

Warlord

The leader of a military group that is not official and that fights against other groups within a country or an area

Gist
Torso

The main or general meaning of a piece of writing, a speech or a conversation.

The main part of the body not including the head, arms and legs, Syn: Trunk

Media

The main ways that large numbers of people receive information and entertainment, that television, radio,
newspaper, and the internet.

Girth
Psyche

The measurement around sth, especially a person's waist.

The mind; your deepest feelings and attitudes

Alimony

The money that a court orders sb to pay regularly to their former wife or husband when the marriage is ended.

Ethos
Crux
Fulcrum
Capital
Genocide
Routine
Disposition
Antithesis
Converse
Entrails

The moral ideas and attitudes that belong to a particular group or society.
The most important or difficult part of a problem or an issue, Syn: Nub.
The most important part of an activity or a situation.
The most important town or city of a country, usually where the central government operates from.
The murder of a whole race or group of people.
The natural order or way in which you regularly do things
The natural qualities of a person's character, Syn: Temperament.
The opposite of sth; A contrast between two things.
The opposite or reverse of a fact or statement.
The organ inside the body of a person or an animal, especially their intestines, Syn: Innards, Insides.

Chaff

The outer covering of the seeds of grain such as wheat, which is separated from the grain before it is eaten.

Periphery
Perimeter
Outskirts
Wreckage
Alimentary Canal
Electorate

The outer edge of a particular area

The outside edge of an area of land
The parts of a town or city that are furthest from the centre
The parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed.
The passage in the body that carries food from the mouth to the Anus.
The people in a country or an area who have the right to vote, thought of as a group.

Intelligentsia

The people in a country or society who are well educated and are interested in culture, politics, literature etc.

Constituency
Tenure
Stamina
Domicile
Junction

The people who live in and vote in a particular district.

The period of time when sb holds an important job esp. political one
The physical and mental strength that enables you to do sth difficult for long period of time
The place where sb lives, especially when it is stated for official or legal purposes.
The place where two or more roads or railway/railroads lines meet.

Barb

The point of an arrow or a hook that is curved backwards to make it difficult to pull out; A remark that is meant to
hurt sb's feelings.

Interface
Trappings

The point where two subjects, systems etc. meet and affect each other.
The possessions, clothes etc. that are connected with a particular situation, job or social position

Fate

The power that is believed to control everything that happens and that can not be stopped or changed.

Volition
Charisma
Usury

The power to chose sth freely or to make your own decision

The powerful personal quality that some people have to attract and impress other people.
The practice of lending money to people at unfairly high rates of interest.

Abstinence

The practice of not allowing yourself sth, especially food, alcoholic drinks or sex, for moral, religious or health
reasons.

Chiromancy

The practice of telling what will happen in the future by looking at the lines on sb's palms, Syn: Palmistry.

Discrimination
Idolatry

The practice of treating somebody or a particular group in society less fairly than others
The practice of worshipping statutes as gods.

Rationale

The principles or reasons which explain a particular decision, course of action, belief etc., Syn: Reason

Conception

The process of forming an idea or a plan.

Rote

The process of learning sth by repeating it until you remember it rather than by understanding the meaning of it

Conveyance
Transition
Fusion
Fluency
Plasticity
Fidelity

The process of taking sb/sth from one place to another; A vehicle.

The process or a period of changing from one state or condition to another
The process or result of joining two or more things together to form one.
The quality of being able to speak or write a language, especially a foreign language, easily and well.
The quality of being easily made into different shapes
The quality of being loyal to sb/sth.

Forbearance

The quality of being patient and sympathetic towards other people, especially when they have done sth wrong.

Solemnity
Determination
Credibility
Insubordination
Ecology
Economy
Onus

The quality of being solemn (=serious)

the quality that makes you continue trying to do something even when this is difficult.
The quality that sb/sth has that makes people believe or trust them.
The refusal to obey orders or show respect for sb who has a higher rank, Syn: Disobedience.
The relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their environment.
The relationship between production, trade and the supply of money in a particular country or region.
The responsibility for sth

Resurgence

The return and growth of an activity that had stopped

Veto

The right to refuse to allow sth to be done, especially the right to stop a law from being passed or a decision from
being taken.

Taxonomy
Jurisprudence
Metallurgy
Lineage
Terminology
Obverse
Redundancy
Quorum
Atom

The scientific process of classifying things

The scientific study of law.
The scientific study of metals and their uses.
The series of families that somebody comes from originally, Syn: Ancestry.
The set of technical words or expressions used in a particular subject
The side of a coin or medal that has the head or main design on it.
The situation when sb has to leave their job because there is no more work available for them.
The smallest number of people who must be at a meeting before it can begin or decision
The smallest part of a chemical element that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Molecule

The smallest unit, consisting of a group of atoms, into which a substance can be divided without a change in its
chemical nature.

Tempo
Velocity
Contagion
Liability
Decrepitude
Seclusion
Sobriety
Infamy
Quandary

The speed of rhythm or a piece of music

The speed of sth in a particular direction.
The spreading of a disease by people touching each other.
The state of being legally responsible for sth.
The state of being old and in poor condition or health.
The state of being private or of having little contact with
The state of being sober (=not being drunk) ; the fact of being sensible & serious
The state of being well known for sth bad or evil.
The state of not being able to decide what to do in a difficult situation

Anonymity

The state of remaining unknown to most other people; The state of not having any unusual or interesting features.

Exposure
Contortion
Cessation
Biography
Autobiography

The state of showing sth that is usually hidden.

The state of the face or body being twisted out of its natural shape.
The stopping of sth; A pause in sth.
The story of a person's life written by sb else.
The story of a person's life, written by that person.

Archaeology

The study of cultures of the past, and of periods of history by examining the remains of buildings and objects
found in the ground.

Horticulture
Fruition
Apoplexy
Currency

The study or practice of growing flowers, fruit and vegetables.

The successful result of a plan, a process or an activity.
The sudden loss of the ability to feel or move caused by an injury in the brain, Syn: A stroke.
The system of money that a country uses.

Bureaucracy

The system of official rules and ways of doing things that a government or an organization has, especially when
these seem to be too complicated.

Heyday
Apparatus
Apex
Lap
Woe

The time when sb/sth had most power of success, or was most popular, Syn: Prime.
The tools or other pieces of equipment that are needed for a particular activity or task.
The top or highest part of sth,
The top part of your legs that forms a flat surface when you are sitting down.
The troubles and problems that sb has, Syn: Misery

Orientation

The type of aim or interest that a person or an organization has, the act of directing you towards a particular thing

Partiality

The unfair support of one person, team, idea etc., Syn: Bias.

Apposition

The use of a noun phrase immediately after another noun phrase which refers to the same person or thing.

Sophistry
Empiricism

The use of clever arguments to persuade people that something is true when it is really false
The use of experiments or experience as the basis for your ideas.

Symbolism
Verbiage

The use of symbols to represent ideas, especially in art and literature

The use of too many words or of more difficult words that are needed to express an idea

Sedition

The use of words or actions that are intended to encourage people to oppose a government, Syn: Insurrection

Irony

The use of words that say the opposite of what you really mean, often as a joke and with a tone of voice that
shows this.

Slag
Demeanour
Syntax
Perception
Nadir
Junk

The waste material that remains after metal has been removed
The way that sb looks or behaves
The way that words and phrases are put together to form sentences in a language
The way you notice things, especially with senses
The worst moment of a particular situation, Opp: Zenith.
Things that are considered useless or of little value, Syn: Rubbish, Garbage.

Retrospect

Thinking about a past event or situation, often with a different opinion of it from the one you had at the time

Pragmatism

Thinking about solving problems in a practical and sensible way rather than by having fixed ideas and theories

Duress
Defame
Comprise
Conceit
Wrench
Couple
Tyranny
Hostility
Trivia
Bally hoo
suavity
Pauper

Threats or force that are used to make sb do sth.

To harm sb by saying or writing bad or false things about them.
To have sb/sth as parts or members, Syn: Consist of.
Too much pride in yourself and what you do.
Twist; Jerk
Two people or things.
Unfair or cruel use of power or authority
Unfriendly or aggressive feelings or behaviour.
Unimportant matters, details or information
Unnecessary noise and excitement.
Urbanity; polish
V very poor person

Booty

Valuable things that are stolen, especially by soldiers in a time of war, Syn: Loot; The part of the body that you sit
on, Syn: Buttocks.

Turpitude
Ferocity
Infirmity

Very immoral behaviour, Syn: Wickedness

Violence; Aggressive behaviour.
Weakness or illness over a long period.

Armament

Weapons, especially large guns, bombs, tanks etc.; The process of increasing the amount of weapons an army or
a country has, especially to prepare for war.

Granulated Sugar White sugar in the form of white grains.

Destitute
With out money, food, and the other things necessary for life
Random
Without deciding in advance what is going to happen, or without regular pattern
Jargon

Words or expressions that are used by a particular profession or group of people, and are difficult for others to
understand.

Bombast
Cerebration
Prose
Kindred
Elation

Words which sound important but have little meaning; Used to impress people.
Working of the brain.
Writing that is not poetry
Your family and relatives
A feeling of great happiness and excitement.

Militate
Foreclose
Swerve
Seep
Impeach
Expropriate
Scavenge
Hover
Secede
Converge
Resound
Palpitate
Apprehend
Scuffle
Gainsay
Stint
Afford
Impel
Bereave
Chafe
Engross
Exude
Incur
Placate
Arrears
Molt
Smolder
Annotate
Underwrite
Presuppose
Abase

Atone
Stoke
Qualify
Beset
Modulate
Colour
Accede
Yield
Exasperate
Harass
Loom
Bicker
Squabble
Agitate
Haggle
Array
Convene
stratify
Grill
Interrogate
Beseech
Solicit
Entreat
Canvass
Bombard
Throttle
Assail
Shirk
Gloss over
Predicate
Foreshadow
Denote
Betoken
Portend
Augur
Antedate
Seethe

Encumber
Withstand
Suffice
Scruple
Beget
Wane
Ebb
Rally
Outstrip
Depreciate
Dilate
Thrive
Broach
Burgeon
Cower
Evoke
Retrieve
Redeem
Compute
Inculcate
Render
Fluctuate
Transmute
Weather
Recast
Adapt
Corrupt
Waive
Clamber
Scale
Amass
Muster
Vie
Rail
Bemoan
Confound
Vanquish

Appraise
Ascribe
Curb
Plagiarize
Redress
Galvanize
Chide
Berate
Upbraid
Fulminate
Decapitate
Prune
Taint
Deface
Acquit
Forgo
Garnish
Embroider
Outwit
Parry
Impede
Defer
Clamour
Liquidate
Flourish
Channel
Orient
Confer
Ruffle
Dismember
Preempt
Bungle
Ape
Ingratiate
Slake
Accentuate
Foster

Dismantle
Bask
Trespass
Abscond
Entrench
Extrapolate
Abound
Elaborate
Impugn
Articulate
Embody
Paraphrase
Verbalize
Plummet
Exult
Quail
Scorn
Begrudge
Imbue
Relent
Circumvent
Resolve
Divine
Ascertain
Unearth
Anchor
Embed
Oust
Indoctrinate
Coerce
Impose
Dislodge
Pucker
Emancipate
Disengage
Browbeat
Cow

Assimilate
Relish
Reclaim
Incarnate
Endow
Console
Betray
Subsidize
Exempt
Consign
Relegate
Defray
Enlighten
Divulge
Energize
Empower
Accord
Requite
Bestow
Allot
Disclaim
Vouchsafe
Transgress
Accost
Slacken
Surmise
Ensue
Synchronize
Accelerate
Steep
Impinge
Deem
Mesmerize
Abet
Promote
Dissemble

Clout
Flick
Brandish
Rivet
Envision
Reform
Enhance
Accrue
Amplify
Whet
Intervene
Inaugurate
Coin
Embroil
Knit
Solder
Consolidate
Oscillate
Goad
Confine
Captivate
Retain
Harp on
Decimate
Buffet
Titter
Spawn
Disembark
Forsake
Intimate
Circumscribe
Affiliate
Ogle
Glower
Mimic
Hone
Abridge
Drone
Palliate

Address
Assess
Dilute
Riddle
Actuate
Tantalize
Ravel
Abbreviate
Adulterate
Convey
Imply
Chaff
Tailor
Improvise
Fabricate
Reconcile
Discredit
Downplay
Pique
Infuriate
Humiliate
Mollify
Dismay
Chasten
Nauseate
Extort
Conscript
Alienate
Belittle
Impoverish
Addle
Soothe
Infuse
Rejuvenate
Endear
Debilitate
Discomfort

Disconcert
Dishearten
Pacify
Precipitate
Initiate
Defile
Prolong
Mitigate
Embellish
Warrant
Perpetuate
Nullify
Dispel
Concoct
Sap
Ensure
Retard
Cavil
Faze
Bustle
Cringe
Waft
Demote
Deploy
Hurtle
Gesticulate
Enumerate
Succumb
Comply
Garner
Procure
Matriculate
Indict
Abrogate
Audit
Extradite
Confiscate
Ordain
Reimburse
Induce

Dissuade
Entice
Bait
Hypothecate
Burnish
Acclaim
Cultivate
Compress
Sham
Feign
Malinger
Posture
Shackle
Thwart
Avert
Frustrate
Inhibit
Forestall
Suppress
Compile
Emanate
Abjure
Slur
Authenticate
Adduce
Substantiate
Accommodate
Compensate
Proclaim
Avenge
Jostle
Fetter
Don
Superimpose
Juxtapose
Rectify
Intersperse

Condense
Infer
Peruse
Distinguish
Appreciate
Document
Transcribe
Deplete
Boycott
Withhold
Spurn
Luxuriate
Commemorate
Exhume
Obviate
Divest
Expunge
Expurgate
Depose
Excise
Delete
Recapitulate
Reiterate
Jeopardize
Scuttle
Circumnavigate
Avow
Hasten
Controvert
Vilify
Murmur
Exclaim
Blurt
Demur

Delve
Ferret
Espy
Diverge
Illuminate
Glimmer
Appall
Depict
Evince
Attest
Degrade
Debunk
Gloat
Sneer
Subside
Squat
Drawl
Sunder
Cleave
Botch
Disfigure
Disperse
diffuse
Pervade
Loiter
Assert
Stipulate
Absolve
Annul
Confirm
Allege
Abstain
Tarry
Embezzle
Despoil

Adhere
Adjourn
Arrest
Forswear
Desist
Relinquish
Propitiate
Waylay
disband
Scotch
Decry
Deplore
Flounder
Bristle
Wince
Flare
Insinuate
Fuel
Uphold
Encompass
Grapple
Scoff
Commandeer
Annex
Dabble
Supersede
Bluster
Apprise
Reprimand
Reprove
Disabuse
Denounce
Muse
Cogitate
Deliberate
Tether
Maul
Exploit

Patronize
Coddle
Hoodwink
Exhort
Repress
Mediate
Lobby
Bluff
Fawn
Skimp
Writhe
Underscore
Fathom
Misconstrue
Levy
Husband
Lurk
strut
Collaborate
Connive
Toil
Swathe
Germinate

VOCABULARY
Verbs
(Against sth) To prevent sth; To make it difficult for sth to happen or exist, Syn: Hinder
(Especially of a bank) To take control of sb's property because they have not paid back money that they borrowed
to buy it.
(Especially of a vehicle) To change direction suddenly, especially in order to avoid hitting sb/sth
(Especially of liquids) To flow slowly and in small quantities through sth or into sth, Syn: Trickle
(Of a court or other official body especially in the US) To charge an important public figure with a serious crime.
(Of a government or an authority) To officially take away private property from its owner for public use.
(Of a person animal or a bird) To search through waste for things that can be used or eaten
(Of a person) To wait somewhere, especially near sb, in a shy or uncertain manner.
(Of a state, Country etc.) to officially leave an organization of states, countries etc. and become independent
(Of people or vehicles) To move towards a place from different directions and meet.
(Of sound, voice etc.) To fill a place with sound
(Of the heart) To beat rapidly and/or in an irregular way, especially because of fear or excitement
(Of the police) To catch sb and arrest them; To understand or recognize sth.
(Of two or more people) to fight or struggle with each other for a short time, in a way that is not very serious
(Often used in negative sentences) To say that sth is not true; To disagree with or deny sth. Syn: Deny.
(Usually used in negative sentences) To provide or use only small amount of sth.
(Usually used with can, could or be able to, especially in negative sentences and questions) To have enough
money or time to be able to buy or to do sth.
If an idea or feeling impels you to do sth, you feel as if you are forced to do it.
If sb is bereaved, a relative or close friend has just died.
If skin is chafes, or if sth chafes it, it becomes sore because the thing is rubbing against it.
If sth engrosses you, it is so interesting that you give it all your attention and time.
If you exude a particular feeling or quality, or it exudes from you, people can easily see that you have it.
If you incur sth unpleasant, you are in a situation in which you have to deal with it.
Make sb feel less angry about sth, Syn: Pacify
Money that sb owes that they have not paid at the right time.
Moult; (Of a bird or an animal) To lose feathers or hair before new feathers or hair grow.
Smoulder; To burn slowly without a flame
T add notes to a book or text, giving explanations or comments.
To accept financial responsibility for an activity so that you will pay for special costs or for losses it may make; to
agree to buy shares that are not bought by the public when new shares are offered for sale
To accept sth as true or existing and act on that basis, before it has been proved to be true, Syn: Presume
To act in a way that shows that you accept sb's power over you

To act in a way that shows you are sorry for doing sth wrong in the past, Syn: Make amends.
To add fuel to a fire
To add sth to a previous statement to make the meaning less strong or less general
To affect sb/sth in an unpleasant or harmful way.
To affect sth so that it becomes more regular , slower, etc.
To affect sth, especially in a negative way.
To agree to a request, proposal etc.; To achieve a high position, especially to become king or queen.
To allow sb to win, have or take control of sth that has been yours until now, Syn: Surrender.
To annoy or irritate sb very much, Syn: Infuriate.
To annoy or worry sb by putting pressure on them or saying or doing unpleasant things to them.
To appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening or threatening way.
To argue about things that are not important, Syn: Squabble.
To argue noisily about sth that is not very important, Syn: Bicker
To argue strongly for sth you want, especially for changes in a law, in social conditions, etc. Syn: Campaign; To
make sb feel angry, anxious or nervous.
To argue with sb in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of sth.
To arrange a group of things in a pleasing way or so that they are in order.
To arrange for people to come together for a formal meeting.
To arrange sth in layers or strata
To ask sb a lot of questions about their ideas, actions etc. often in an unpleasant way.
To ask sb a lot of questions over a long period of time, especially in an aggressive way,
To ask sb for sth in an anxious way because you need it very much, Syn: Beg, Implore
To ask sb for sth, such as support, money, information; to try get sth or persuade sb to do sth
To ask sb to do sth in a serious and often emotional way, Syn: Beg, Implore.
To ask sb to support a particular person, political party, etc. especially by going around an area and talking to
people.
To attack a place by firing large guns at it or dropping bombs on it continuously.
To attack or kill sb by squeezing their throat in order to stop them from breathing
To attract sb violently, either physically or with words; To disturb or upset sb severely.
To avoid doing sth you should do, especially because you are too lazy
To avoid talking about sth unpleasant and embarrassing by not dealing with it in detail.
To base sth on a particular belief, idea or principle
To be a sign of sth that will happen in the future.
To be a sign of sth, Syn: Indicate; To mean sth, Syn: Represent.
To be a sign of sth.
To be a sign or warning of sth that is going to happen in the future, especially sth bad or unpleasant, Syn: Foreshadow
To be a sign that sth will be successful or not successful in the future, Syn: Bode.
To be built or formed, or to happen, at an earlier date than sth else in the past, Also Pre-date, Opp: Post-date.
To be extremely angry about sth but try not to show other people how angry you are, Syn: Fume

To be large and/or heavy and make it difficult for sb to move.

To be strong enough, not to be hurt by extreme conditions
To be sufficient; To be enough for sb/sth
To be willing to do sth even if it might be wrong or immoral
To become a father of a child; To make sth happen.
To become gradually weaker or less important, Syn: Decrease, Fade
To become gradually weaker or less, Syn: Decrease.
To become healthier, stronger etc. after a period of illness, weakness etc., Syn: Recover
To become larger , more important than sb or sth, to be faster, better or more successful than sb you are
competing against, Syn : Surpass
To become less valuable over a period of time, Opp: Appreciate.
To become or to make sth larger, wider or more open
To become, and continue to be, successful, strong, healthy etc., Syn: Flourish
To begin talking about a subject that is difficult to discuss, especially because it is embarrassing or because people
disagree about it.
To begin to grow or develop rapidly.
To bend low and/or move backwards because you are frightened.
To bring a feeling, a memory or an image into your mind.
To bring or get sth back, especially from a place where it should not be, Syn: Recover
To buy back; to make up for, Syn: Compensate
To calculate sth.
To cause sb to learn and remember ideas, moral principles, etc.. Especially by repeating them often.
To cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition, Syn: Make
To change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc. especially from one extreme to another, Syn: Vary.
To change or make sth change into sth different, Syn: Transform
To change or make sth change, colour shape because of the sun rain or wind
To change sth by organizing or presenting it in a different way
To change sth in order to make it suitable for a new use or situation, Syn: Modify.
To change the original form of sth, so that it is damaged or spoiled in some way.
To choose not to demand sth in a particular case even though you have a legal or official right to do so, Syn: Forgo
To climb or move with difficulty or a lot of effort, using your hands and feet, Syn: Scramble.
To climb to the top of sth very high and steep
To collect sth, especially in large quantities, Syn: Accumulate.
To come together, or bring people, especially soldiers, together for example for military action, Syn: Gather
To compete strongly with sb in order to obtain or achieve sth, Syn: Compete
To complain about sth/sb in a very angry way, Syn: Rage
To complain or say that you are not happy about sth.
To confuse and surprise sb, Syn: Baffle.
To conquer; to overpower

To consider or examine sb/sth and form an opinion about them or it; To make a formal judgment about the value of
a person's work, usually after a discussion with them about it.
To consider that sth is caused by a particular thing or person; To consider that sb/sth has or should have a
particular quality, Syn: Attribute.
To control or limit sth, especially bad, Syn: Check.
To copy another person's ideas, words or work and pretend that they are your own
To correct sth that is unfair or wrong, Syn: Put right
To cover metal with zinc in order to protect it from Rust.
To criticize or blame sb because they have done sth wrong, Syn: Rebuke.
To criticize or speak angrily to sb because you do not approve of sth they have done.
To criticize sb or speak angrily to them because you do not approve of sth that they have said or done, Syn:
Reproach
To criticize sb/sth angrily
To cut off sb's head, Syn: Behead.
To cut off some of the branches from a tree, bush etc. so that it will grow better and stronger
To damage or spoil the quality of sth or the opinion that people have of sb/sth
To damage the appearance of sth, especially by drawing or writing on it.
To decide and state officially in court that sb is not guilty of a crime, Opp: Convict; To perform or behave well, badly
etc.
To decide not to have or do sth that you would like to have or do.
To decorate a dish of food with a small amount of another food.
To decorate cloth with a pattern of stitches usually using coloured threads.
To defeat sb or sth or gain an advantage over them by doing sth clever, Syn : Outsmart
To defend yourself against sb who is attacking you by pushing their arms, weapon etc. to one side, Syn: Deflect.
To delay or stop the progress of sth, Syn: Hinder.
To delay sth until a later time, Syn: Put off.
To demand sth loudly; (Of many people) To shout loudly, especially in a confused way.
To destroy or remove sb/sth that causes problems, Syn: Annihilate.
To develop quickly and be successful or common, Syn: Thrive.
To direct money, feelings ideas, etc. towards a particular thing or purpose.
To direct sb or sth towards sth to make or adopt sb or sth for a particular purpose
To discuss sth with sb, in order to exchange opinions or get advice.
To disturb the smooth surface of sth, so that it is not even
To divide a country, an organization, etc. into smaller parts.
To do or say sth before sb else does
To do sth badly or without skill: To fail at sth, Syn: Botch.
To do sth in the same way as sb else, especially when it is not done very well, Syn: Imitate.
To do things in order to make sb like you, especially sb who will be useful to you.
To drink so that you no longer feel thirsty, Syn: quench
To emphasize sth or make it more noticeable.
To encourage sth to develop, Syn: Promote.

To end an organization or system gradually in an organized way

To enjoy sitting or lying in the heat or light of sth, especially the sun.
To enter land or a building that you do not have permission or right to enter
To escape from a place that you are not allowed to leave without permission; To leave secretly and take with you
sth, especially money, that does not belong to you.
To establish sth very firmly so that it is very difficult to change
To estimate sth or form an opinion about sth, using the facts that you have now and that are valid for one situation
and supposing that they will be valid for the new one.
To exist in great numbers or quantities.
To explain or describe sth in more detailed way.
To express doubts about whether sth is right, honest etc., Syn: Challenge.
To express or explain your thoughts or feelings clearly in words; To speak, pronounce or play sth in a clear way.
To express or represent an idea or a quality, Syn: Represent.
To express what sb has said or written using different words, especially in order to make it easier to understand.
To express your feeling or ideas into words, Syn: Put into words
To fall suddenly and quickly from a high level or position, Syn: Plunge
To feel and show that you are very excited and happy because of sth that has happened.
To feel frightened or to show that you are frightened
To feel or show that you think sb/sth is stupid and you do not respect them to it, Syn: Dismiss
To feel unhappy that sb has sth because you do not think that they deserve it.
To fill sb/sth with strong feelings, opinions or values, Syn: Infuse.
To finally agree to sth after refusing, Syn: Give in
To find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule; To go to travel around sth that is blocking your way.
To find an acceptable solution to a problem or difficulty, Syn: Settle
To find out sth by guessing.
To find out the true or correct information about sth.
To find sth in the ground by digging, Syn: Dig Up
To fix sth firmly in position so that it can not move.
To fix sth firmly into a substance or solid object.
To force sb out of a job or position of power especially to take their place
To force sb to accept a particular belief or set of beliefs and not allow them to consider any other
To force sb to do sth by using threats.
To force sb/sth to have to deal with sth that is difficult or unpleasant.
To force some body to learn place, position or job
To form or to make sth from small folds or lines
To free sb, especially from legal, political or social restrictions, Syn: Set free.
To free somebody from the person or thing that is holding them or it
To frighten or threaten sb in order to make them do sth, Syn: Intimidate.
To frighten sb in order to make them obey you, Syn: Intimate.

To fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself; To become, or allow to sb to
become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group.
To get great pleasure from sth; To want very much to do or have sth, Syn: Enjoy
To get sth back or to ask to have it back after it has been lost, taken away etc.
To give a definite or human form to a particular idea or quality, Syn: Embody.
To give a large sum of money to a school, a college or another institution to provide it with an income.
To give comfort or sympathy to sb who is unhappy or disappointed, Syn: Comfort.
To give information about sb/sth to an enemy; To hurt sb who trusts you, especially by not being loyal or faithful to
them.
To give money to sb or an organization to help pay for sth; To give a subsidy, Syn: Fund
To give or get sb's official permission not to do sth or not to pay sth they would normally have to do or pay.
To give or send sth to sb.
To give sb a lower or less important position, rank etc. than before
To give sb back the money that they have spent on sth.
To give sb information so that they understand sth better.
To give sb information that is supposed to be secret, Syn: Reveal.
To give sb more energy, strength etc.
To give sb the power or authority to do sth, Syn: Authorize.
To give sb/sth authority, status or a particular type of treatment; To agree with or match sth.
To give sth such as love, kindness, a favour etc. in return for what sb has given you
To give sth to sb, especially to show how much they are respected.
To give time, money, tasks, etc. to sb/sth as a share of what is available.
to give up your right to sth, such as property or a title syn: Renounce.
To give, offer or tell sth to sb, esp. in order to give them special advantage
To go beyond the limit of what is morally or legally acceptable
To go up to sb and speak to them, especially in a way that is rude or threatening
To gradually become, or to make sth become, slower, less active etc., Syn: Relax
To guess or suppose sth using the evidence you have, without definitely knowing, Syn: Conjecture
To happen after or as a result of another event, Syn: Follow.
To happen at the same time or to move at the same speed as sth; To make sth do this
To happen or to make sth happen faster or earlier than expected.
To have a lot of a particular quality
To have a noticeable effect on sth/sb, especially a bad one, Syn: Encroach.
To have a particular opinion about sth, Syn: Consider.
To have such a strong effect on you that you can not give your attention to anything else, Syn: Fascinate.
To help or encourage sb to do sth wrong.
To help sth to happen or develop, Syn: Encourage
To hide your real feelings or intentions, often by pretending to have different ones.

To hit sb hard, especially with your hand.

To hit sth with a sudden quick movement, especially using your finger and thumb together, or your hand.
To hold or wave sth, especially a weapon, in an aggressive or excited way.
To hold sb's interest or attention so completely they cannot look any thing else
To imagine what a situation will be like in the future, especially a situation you intend to work towards.
To improve a system, an organization a law etc. by making changes to it
To increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of sb/sth.
To increase over a period of time; To allow a sum of money or debts to grow over a period of time, Syn:
Accumulate.
To increase sth in strength, especially sound; To add details to a story, statement, etc.
To increase your desire for or interest in sth
To interrupt sb when they are speaking in order to say sth.
To introduce a new development or an important change.
To invent a new word or phrase that other people then begin to use; To make coins out of metal.
To involve sb/yourself in an argument or a difficult situation.
To join people or things closely together or to be joined closely together.
To join pieces of metal or wire with solder
To join things together into one; To be joined into one.
To keep changing from one extreme of feeling or behaviour to another, and back again, Syn: Swing
To keep irritating or annoying sb/sth until they react.
To keep sb/sth inside the limits of a particular activity, subject, area, etc. Syn: Restrict.
To keep sb's attention by being interesting, attractive etc. Syn: Enchant.
To keep sth; To continue to have sth, Syn: Preserve
To keep talking about sth in a boring or annoying way.
To kill large numbers of animals, plants or people in a particular area.
To knock or push sb/sth roughly from side to side.
To laugh quietly esp. in a nervous or embarrassed way, Syn: Giggle
To lay eggs
To leave a vehicle, Especially a ship or an aircraft, at the end of journey opp. Embark
To leave sb/sth, especially when you have a responsibility to stay, Syn: Abandon.
To let sb know what you think or mean in an indirect way, Syn: Make known.
To limit sb/sth's freedom, rights. Power etc. Syn: Restrict.
To link a group, a company, or an organization very closely with another larger one.
To look hard at sb in an offensive way, usually showing sexual interest.
To look in an angry, aggressive way, Syn: Glare.
To look or behave like sth else, Syn: Imitate.
To make a blade sharp or sharper, Syn: Sharpen.
To make a book, play etc. shorter by leaving parts out.
To make a continuous low noise.
To make a disease or an illness less painful or unpleasant without curing

To make a formal speech to a group of people; To say sth directly to sb.

To make a judgment about the nature or quality of sb/sth; To calculate the amount or value of sth, Syn: Estimate.
to make a liquid weaker by adding water or another liquid to it Syn: water down
To make a lot of holes in sb/sth
To make a machine or device start to work, Syn: Activate; To make sb behave in a particular way, Syn: Motivate.
To make a person or an animal want sth that they can not have or do.
To make a situation or problem more complicated
To make a word, phrase or name shorter by leaving out letters or using only the first letter of each word, Syn:
Shorten.
to make food or drink less pure by adding another substance to it, Syn: Contaminate.
To make ideas, feelings etc. known to sb, Syn: Communicate.
To make it seem likely that sth is true or exists, Syn: Suggest.
To make jokes about sb in a friendly way, Syn: Tease.
To make or adapt sth for a particular purpose or particular person
To make or do sth using whatever is available, usually because you do not have what you really need,
To make or produce goods, equipment etc. from various different materials, Syn: Manufacture.
To make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement
To make people stop believing that something is true , to make something appear unlikely to be true
To make people think that sth is less important than it really is, Syn: Play down.
To make sb annoyed or upset, Syn: Wound
To make sb extremely angry, Syn: Enrage.
To make sb feel ashamed or stupid and lose the respect of other people.
To make sb feel less angry or upset, Syn: Placate.
To make sb feel shocked and disappointed.
To make sb feel sorry for sth they have done.
To make sb feel that they want to vomit; To make sb feel disgusted, Syn: Revolt, Sicken.
To make sb give you sth by threatening them.
To make sb join the armed forces, Syn: Call up.
To make sb less friendly or sympathetic towards you; To make sb feel that they do not belong in a particular group.
To make sb or the things that sb does seem unimportant.
To make sb poor.
To make sb unable to think clearly; To confuse sb.
To make sb who is anxious, upset, etc. feel calmer, Syn: Calm
To make sb/sth have a particular quality.
To make sb/sth look or feel younger or more lively
To make sb/yourself popular.
To make sb's body or mind weaker; To make a country, an organization etc. weaker.
To make some body feel anxious or embarrassed

To make some body feel anxious, confused or embarrassed Syn: disturb

To make some one loss hope or confidence Syn: discourage
to make somebody who is angry and upset become calm and quiet Syn: Placate
To make sth , especially sth bad, happen suddenly or sooner than it should, Syn: Bring on, Spark off
To make sth begin, Syn: Set in motion.
To make sth dirty or no longer pure. Especially sth that people consider important or holy.
To make sth last longer, Syn: Extend
To make sth less harmful, serious etc. Syn: Alleviate.
To make sth more beautiful by adding decorations to it, Syn: Decorate.
To make sth necessary or appropriate in a particular situation, Syn: Justify
To make sth such as a bad situation, a belief, etc. continue for a long time
To make sth such as an agreement or order lose its legal force, Syn: Invalidate.
To make sth, especially a feeling or belief, go away or disappear.
To make sth, especially food or drink, by mixing different things.
To make sth/sb weaker; To destroy sth gradually
To make sure that sth happens or is definite
To make the development or progress of sth slower, Syn: Delay, Slow down
To make unnecessary complaints about sth, Syn: Quibble.
To make you feel confused or shocked, so that you do not know what to do, Syn: Disconcert.
To move around in a busy way or to hurry sb in a particular direction.
To move back and/or away from sb because you are afraid, Syn: Cower.
To move or make sth move, gently through the air, Syn: Drift
To move sb to a lower position or rank, often as a punishment, Opp: Promote.
To move soldiers or weapons into a position where they are ready for military action.
To move very fast in a particular direction.
To move your hands and arms about in order to attract attention or make sb understand what you are saying.
To name things on a list one by one.
To not be able to fight an attack, an illness, a temptation etc.
To obey a rule, an order etc.
To obtain or collect sth such as information, support etc. Syn: Gather, Acquire.
To obtain sth, especially with difficulty
To officially become a student at a university.
To officially charge sb with a crime
To officially end a law, an agreement etc, Syn: Repeal.
To officially examine the financial accounts of a company.
To officially send back sb who has been accused or found guilty of a crime to the country where the crime was
committed.
To officially take sth away from sb, especially as a punishment.
To order or command to decide sth in advance
To pay back money to sb which they have spent or lost
To persuade or influence sb to do sth.

To persuade sb not to do sth.

To persuade sb/sth to go somewhere or to do sth, usually by offering them sth, Syn: Persuade.
To place food on a hook, in a trap, etc. in order to attract or catch an animal; To deliberately try to make sb angry
by making cruel or insulting remarks.
To pledge; To mortgage.
To polish metal untill it is smooth and shiny.
To praise or welcome sb/sth publicly.
To prepare and use land for growing plants or crops, Syn: Grow.
To press or squeeze sth together or into a smaller space; To be pressed or squeezed in this way.
To pretend sth
To pretend that you have a particular feeling or that you are ill/sick, tired, etc.
To pretend to be ill/sick, especially in order to avoid work.
To pretend to be sth that you are not by saying and doing things on order to impress or trick people
To prevent sb from behaving or speaking as they want
To prevent sb from doing what they want to do, Syn: Strangle
To prevent sth bad or dangerous from happening; To turn your eyes etc. away from sth that you do not want to
see.
To prevent sth from doing sth; To prevent sth from happening or succeeding, Syn: Thwart.
To prevent sth from happening or make it happen more slowly or less frequently than normal.
To prevent sth from happening or sb from doing sth by doing sth first.
To prevent yourself from having or expressing a feeling or an emotion
To produce a book, list, report etc. by bringing together different items, articles, songs etc.
To produce or show sth.
To promise publicly that you will give up or reject a belief or way of behaving, Syn: Renounce.
To pronounce words in a way that is not clear so that they run into each other, usually because you are drunk or
tired
To prove that sth is genuine, real or true.
To provide evidence, reasons, facts, etc. in order to explain sth or to show that sth is true, Syn: Cite.
To provide information or evidence to prove that sth is true
To provide sb with a room or place to sleep, live or sit; To provide enough space for sb/sth; To help sb by doing
what they want, Syn: Oblige.
To provide sth good to balance or reduce the bad effects of damage, loss etc., Syn: Make up for.
To publicly and officially tell people about sth important, Syn: Declare
To punish or hurt sb in return for sth bad or wrong that they have done to you, your family or friends.
To push roughly against sb in a crowd.
To put chains around a prisoner's feet.
To put clothes, etc. on.
To put one image on top of another so that the two can be seen combined
To put people or things together, especially in order to show a contrast or a new relationship between them.
To put right sth that is wrong, Syn: Correct
To put sth in sth else or among or between other things.

To put sth such as a piece of writing into fewer words; to put a lot of information into a small space.
To reach an opinion or decide that sth is true on the basis of information that is available, Syn: Deduce
To read sth, especially in a careful way
To recognize the difference between two people or things, Syn: Differentiate.
To recognize the good qualities of sb/sth; To be grateful for sth that sb has done; To welcome sth; To understand
that sth is true, Syn: Realize; To increase in value over a period of time, Opp: Depreciate.
To record the details of sth.
To record thoughts, speech or data in a written form, or in a different written form from the original
To reduce sth by a large amount so that there is not enough left.
To refuse to buy, use or take part in sth as a way of protesting.
To refuse to give sth to sb, Syn: Keep back
To reject or refuse sb/sth especially in a proud way, Syn: Shun
To relax while enjoying sth very pleasant.
To remind people of an important person or event from the past with a special action or object; To exist to remind
people of a person or an event from the past.
To remove a dead body from the ground especially in order to examine how the person died, Syn: Dig up.
To remove a problem or the need for sth, Syn: Preclude.
To remove clothes, to get rid of sth.
To remove or get rid of sth, such as a name, piece of information or a memory, from a book or list, or from your
mind, Syn: Erase.
To remove or leave out parts of a piece of writing or a conversation when printing or reporting it, because you think
those parts could offend people.
To remove sb, especially a ruler, from power.
To remove sth completely.
To remove sth that has been written or printed, or that has been stored on a computer.
To repeat or give a summary of what has already been said, decided etc.
To repeat sth that you have already said, especially to emphasize it
To risk harming or destroying sth/sb, Syn: Endanger.
To run with quick short steps, Syn: Scurry
To sail all the way around sth, especially all the way around the world.
To say firmly and often publicly what your opinion is, what you think is true etc.
To say or do sth without delay.
To say or prove that sth is not true, Syn: Refute.
To say or write unpleasant things about sb/sth so that other people will have a low opinion of them, Syn: Malign,
Revile
To say sth in a soft quiet voice that is difficult to hear or understand.
To say sth suddenly and loudly, especially because of strong emotion or pain.
To say sth suddenly and without thinking carefully enough.
To say that you do not agree with sth or that you refuses to do sth.

To search for sth inside a bag, container etc., Syn: Dig.

To search for sth that is lost or hidden among a lot of things.
To see sb/sth suddenly, Syn: Catch sight of, Spy.
To separate and go in different directions.
To shine light on sth; To make sth clearer or easier to understand, Syn: Clarify.
To shine with a faint unsteady light.
To shock sb very much, Syn: Horrify.
To show an image of sb/sth in a picture.
To show clearly that you have a feeling or quality.
To show or prove that sth is true, Syn: Bear witness to.
To show or treat sb in a way that makes them seem not worth any respect or not worth taking seriously.
To show that an idea, a belief etc. is false; To show that sth is not as good as people think it is.
To show that you are happy about your own success or sb else's failure, in an unpleasant way, Syn: Crow.
To show that you have no respect for sb by the expression on your face or by the way you speak, Syn: Mock
To sink to a lower level; To become calmer and quieter
To sit on your heels with your knees bent yup close to your body; To live in a building or on land which is not yours,
without the owner's permission
To speak or say sth slowly with vowel sounds that are longer than usual.
To split or break sth/sb apart; especially by force
To split or cut sth in two using sth sharp and heavy; To stick close to sth/sb.
To spoil sth by doing sth badly.
to spoil the appearance of a person thing or place
To spread or to make sth spread over a wide area, Syn: Scatter.
To spread something or become spread widely in all directions
To spread through and be noticeable in every part of sth, Syn: Permeate
To stand or wait somewhere especially with no obvious reason, Syn: Hang around.
To state clearly and firmly that sth is true; To behave in confident and determined way so that other people pay
attention to your opinions.
To state clearly and firmly that sth must be done, or how it must be done
To state formally that sb is not guilty or responsible for sth; To give absolution to sb.
To state officially that sth is no longer legally valid.
To state or show that sth is definitely true or correct, especially by providing evidence.
To state sth as a fact but without giving proof.
To stay away from sth, To decide not to do or have sth, especially sth you like or enjoy, because it is bad for your
health and considered morally wrong,
To stay in a place, esp. when you ought leave, Syn: Linger
To steal money that you are responsible for or that belongs to your employer
to steel something valuable from a place; To make a place less attractive by damaging or destroying it, Syn:
Plunder.

To stick firmly to sth.

To stop a meeting or an official process, especially a trial, for a period of time.
To stop a process or a development; To make sb notice sth and pay attention to it; If sb arrests, their heart stops
beating.
To stop doing or using sth; To make a promise that you will stop doing or using sth, Syn: Renounce.
To stop doing something
To stop having sth, especially when this happens unwillingly, Syn: Give up
To stop sb from being angry by trying to please them, Syn: Placate
To stop sb who is going somewhere, esp. in order to talk to them or attack them
To stop some body from operating as group: to separate or no longer operate as group.
To stop sth from happening; To action to end sth.
To strongly criticize sb/sth, especially publicly, Syn: Condemn.
To strongly disapprove of sth and criticize it, especially publicly.
To struggle to know what to say or do or how to continue with sth.
To suddenly become very annoyed or offended at what sb says or does.
To suddenly make an expression with your face that shows that you are feeling pain or embarrassment
To suddenly start or become much stronger, Syn: Erupt
To suggest indirectly that sth unpleasant is true, Syn: Imply.
To supply sth with material that can be burnt to produce heat or power.
To support sth that you think right and make sure that it continues to exist.
To surround or cover sth completely.
To take a firm hold of sb/sth and struggle with them.
To take about sb/sth in a way that makes it clear that you think they are stupid or ridiculous, Syn: Mock
To take control of a building, a vehicle etc. for military purposes during a war, only by force for your own use, Syn:
Requisition.
To take control of a country, region etc. especially by force, Syn: Occupy.
To take part in a sport, an activity, etc. but not very seriously.
To take the place of sth/sb that is considered to be old fashioned or no longer the best available
To talk in an aggressive or threatening way, but with little effect; (Of the wind) To blow violently.
To tell or inform sb of sth.
To tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions, Syn: Rebuke
To tell sb that you do not approve of sth that they have done, Syn: Rebuke
To tell someone that what they think is true is in fact not true
To tell the police, the authorities etc. about sb's illegal political activities.
To think carefully about sth for a time, ignoring what is happening around you, Syn: Ponder
To think carefully about sth.
To think very carefully about sth, usually before making a decision.
To tie an animal to a post so that it can not move very far
To touch sb/sth in an unpleasant and/or violent way.
To treat a person or situation as an opportunity to gain an advantage for yourself.

To treat sb in a way that seems friendly, but which shows that you think that they are not very intelligent,
experienced etc.
To treat sb with too much care and attention; To cook eggs in water slightly below boiling point.
To trick sb.
To try hard to persuade sb to do sth, Syn: Urge.
To try not to have or show an emotion, a feeling etc., Syn: Control
To try to end a disagreement between two or more people or group by talking to them and trying to find things that
everyone can agree on.
To try to influence a politician or the Government and, for example, persuade them to support or oppose a change
in the law.
To try to make sb believe that you will do sth that you do not really intend to do, or that you know sth that you do
not really know.
To try to please sb by praising them or paying them too much attention.
To try to spend less time, money etc. on sth than is needed
To twist or move your body without stopping, often because you are in great pain
To underline; to emphasize
To understand or find an explanation for sth.
To understand sb's words or actions wrongly, Syn: Misinterpret.
To use official authority to demand and collect a payment, tax etc.
To use sth very carefully and make sure that you do not waste it.
To wait somewhere secretly, especially because you are going to do sth bad or illegal, Syn: Skulk
To walk proudly with your head up and chest out to show that you think you are important
To work together with sb in order to produce or achieve sth; To help the enemy who has taken control of your
country during a war.
To work together with sb to do sth wrong or illegal, Syn: Conspire.
To work very hard and/or for a long time, usually doing hard physical work, Syn: Slave away
To wrap or cover sb/sth in sth
When the seed of a plant germinates or is germinated, it starts to grow.

Devote
Chronic
Swarthy
Comely
Buxom
Frail
Portly
Hallowed
Inflated
Peremptory
Halting
Delinquent
Pastoral
Caustic
Graduated
Premeditated
Draconian
stringent
Vertical
Astringent
Viscous
Irreparable
Burly
Dapper
Impotent
Bicameral
Anterior
Ravenous
Affected
Paint
Touchy
Corpulent

Dynamic
Seasoned
Irrepressible
Apolitical
Illiterate
Hospitable
Stout
Angular
Gaunt
Anonymous
Florid
Deft
Sleazy
Honorary
Exorbitant
Intractable
Inexorable
Generic
Ineradicable
Innate
Platonic
Impassable
Circuitous
Venial
Precarious
Tendentious
Insoluble
Untenable
Opportune
Malignant
Extinct
Retrograde
Blatant

Precipitate
Perfunctory
Paltry
Adjacent
Unwieldy
Concave
Convex
Concentric
Insurmountable
Downcast
Palatable
Stodgy
dilapidated
Transparent
Shoddy
Barren
Arid
Figurative
Limpid
Unrequited
Compatible
Chivalrous
Molten
Boorish
Modest
Winsome
Intransigent
Predatory
Obese
Benighted
Boisterous
Squalid
Rigid
Resonant
Incoherent
Glib

Rampant
Glaring
Extant
Humid
Balmy
Retentive
Sultry
Inclement
Effectual
Muggy
Menial
Sedentary
Phony
Orthodox
Impending
Centigrade
Headstrong
Resilient
Fallible
Agile
Fecund
Discerning
Classic
Impetuous
Inept
Remedial
Privy
Unerring
Insatiable
Droll
Impregnable
Inborn
Disgruntled
Irksome
Cantankerous
Fanciful
subjective
Nascent

Guileless
Licentious
Immature
Ceremonious
Supercilious
Integral
Fastidious
Unique
Intrinsic
Bourgeois
Peerless
Voluminous
Serene
Wary
Slovenly
Materialistic
Pathological
Thorny
Wanton
Abhorrent
Lethal
Fatal
Injurious
Dismal
Fickle
Precise
Distinct
Wily
Shrewd
Belated
Stark
Even-handed
Devoid
Essential
Earthy
Germinal
Pontifical
Catholic
Imperial
Astronomical
Graphic

Academic
Agrarian
Martial
Fiscal
Arable
Thermal
Conjugal
Nuptial
Marital
Cognitive
Lunar
Ethnic
Municipal
Seismic
Elliptical
Calorific
Forensic
Stellar
Subsidiary
Tactical
Civil
Terrestrial
Maritime
Lateral
Filial
Climatic
Cosmic
Worldly
Sensual
Heterogeneous
Variegated
Toxic
Perennial
Bestial
Substantive
Estimable
Incendiary
Adamant
Anomalous
Inaccessible

Problematic
Forthright
Dutiful
Solitary
Unilateral
Universal
Overt
Piecemeal
Cursory
Clandestine
Voluntary
Impromptu
Testy
Choleric
Pliable
Conspicuous
Verbatim
Hypercritical
Concurrent
Defeatist
Categorical
Lyrical
Livid
Infernal
Insufferable
diabolical
Exquisite
stupendous
Mammoth
Grisly
Odious
Equitable
Habituated
Remote
Inordinate
Debonair
Jealous
Lascivious

Aggrieved
Anxious
Vicarious
Aghast
Definitive
Edible
Statutory
Successive
Pristine
Genial
Exotic
Exuberant
Bloated
Torrid
Inflammable
Bona fide
Grudging
Sanctimonious
Adept
Resourceful
Aquatic
Pendulous
Inopportune
Ultimate
Concomitant
Biennial
Sporadic
subsequent
Progressive
Simultaneous
Posthumous
Scant
Detrimental
Sophisticated
Affluence
Hard-pressed

Commodious
Capacious
Titular
Sonorous
Odorous
Pungent
Biased
Sweeping
Incorrigible
Sovereign
Solvent
Competent
Maternal
Well-founded
Porous
Listless
Non-Descript
Quixotic
Bellicose
Malevolent
Indifferent
Enterprising
Tantamount
Cognate
Congruent
Omnipotent
Puritanical
Heuristic
Jocular
Unanimous
Redoubtable
Inscrutable
Rife
Awry

Inconsistent
Determined
Prominent
Consequential
Impracticable
Indelible
Unaccountable
August
Embryonic
Copious
Discrete
Interim
Engaging
Innovative
Fictitious
Arduous
Hazardous
Magnanimous
Conversant
Omniscient
Prescient
Ignorant
Lavish
Interminable
Enduring
Protracted
Fugitive
Tedious
Slothful
Popular
Durable
Illimitable
Attentive
Wizened
Haggard
Fragmentary
Conducive
Pathetic
Commensurate
Heinous

Reprehensible
Superfluous
Salient
Cardinal
Predominant
Ungainly
Centrifugal
Centripetal
Languid
Sibylline
Enigmatic
Natty
Requisite
Vital
Painstaking
Onerous
Monotonous
Indefatigable
Infallible
Defunct
Outmoded
Obsolete
Dilatory
Illegal
Lenient
Oblivious
Unwitting
Theoretical
Irrational
Extrinsic
Callous
Cavalier
Steadfast
Nebulous
Disjointed
Partial
Profane
Secular
Unbridled
Unfettered

Erroneous
Dauntless
Phlegmatic
Imperturbable
Unsociable
Jaundiced
Oblique
Distant
Non-Committal
Remiss
Ignoble
Erratic
Innocuous
Insolvent
Diffident
Chaste
Irrelevant
Dispassionate
Disinterested
Averse
Celibate
Immobile
Headless
Unsung
Insubstantial
Stolid
Tortuous
Lax
Neutral
Atypical
Mediocre
Unassuming
Incredulous
Indomitable
Chary
Obtrusive
Multifarious

Histrionic
Kinetic
Superlative
sublime
Mercurial
Parochial
Inverse
Visionary
QuasiMeticulous
Sportive
Cordial
Amiable
Bogus
Immanent
Omnipresent
Prolific
Fruitful
Synoptic
Ancillary
Conclusive
Tranquil
Meek
Acoustic
Aboriginal
Informal
Residual
Mandatory
Culpable
Retroactive
Prosperous
Crestfallen
Somber
Covert
Sinister
Ostensible
Ubiquitous

Prudent
Corrugated
Communal
Luminous
Appalling
Insightful
Impious
Dogged
Effusive
Vacuous
Capricious
Jaunty
Flippant
Authoritative
Witless
Comparable
Artless
Dexterous
Obtuse
Sedate
Marginal
Glossy
Indescribable
Rapt
Nonplussed
Lustrous
Raucous
Extempore
Stagnant
Intermittent
Taut
Apt
Appropriate
Leery
Laborious
Conscientious
Foolhardy
Garrulous

Maudlin
Taciturn
Indulgent
Corrosive
Inclined
Conventional
Soluble
Viable
Deducible
Corporeal
Irrevocable
Incurable
Indivisible
Impenetrable
Indeterminate
Irrefutable
Inexplicable
Tenacious
Purported
Inviolate
Sacrosanct
Palpable
Portable
Valid
Mobile
Indisputable
Compelling
Stale
Optional
Irretrievable
Inevitable
Unimpeachable
Inaudible
Obligatory
Finale
Uniform
Obsessive
Circumspect

Baleful
Override
Fulsome
Inimitable
Disproportionate
Credulous
Officious
Invincible
submissive
Gullible
Subservient
Prodigality
Pedantic
Absolute
Contiguous
Overbearing
Vindictive
Regal
Infantile
Festive
Deranged
Insensible
Unlettered
Restive
Rarefied
Belligerent
Dejected
Seamy
Ludicrous
Newfangled
Unmitigated
Terse
Deductive
Grandiloquent

Profligate
Frugal
Verbose
Militant
Inductive
Brusque
Venerable
Irate
Berserk
Punctilious
Vigilant
Jovial
Diverse
Grueling
Sordid
Avid
Fell
Sumptuous
Singular
Imperative
Titanic
Susceptible
Desolate
Melancholy
Doleful
Acute
dire
Harrowing
Kindred
Precipitous
Bizarre
Crass
Gruesome
Repellent
Overwrought
Servile
Acquisitive
Vulnerable
Notorious
Receptive

Audacious
Bland
Haphazard
Gusty
Incorporeal
Seamless
Drab
Boundless
Impeccable
Industrious
Amiss

VOCABULARY
( Of a person) believing strongly in a particular religion and obeying its practices
(Especially of a disease) Lasting for a long time; Difficult to cure or get rid of, Opp: Acute.
(Especially of a person or their face) Having a dark skin
(Especially of a woman) Pleasant to look at, Syn: Attractive.
(Especially of a woman) Plum and healthy-looking; Large and shapely; Busty
(Especially of an old person) Physically weak and thin,
(Especially of an older man) rather fat, Syn: Stout
(Especially of old things) respected and important, Syn: Sacred.
(especially of prices) Higher than is acceptable or reasonable.
(Especially of sb's manner or behaviour) expecting to be obeyed immediately and without question or refusal
(Especially of speech or movement) Stopping and starting often, especially because you are not certain or
are not very confident, Syn: Hesitant.
(Especially of young people or their behaviour) showing a tendency to commit crimes.
(i) Showing country life or the countryside, especially in a romantic way, (ii) Relating to the farming of animals
(Of a chemical substance) Able to destroy or dissolve other substances, Syn: Corrosive; Critical in a bitter or
sarcastic way, Syn: Scathing.
(Of a container or measure) marked with lines to show measurement, Syn: Calibrated.
(Of a crime or bad action) planned in advance
(Of a law, punishment, etc.) Extremely cruel and severe.
(Of a law, rule, regulation etc.) Very strict and that must be obeyed.
(Of a line, pole, etc.) Going straight up or down from a level surface, Syn: Perpendicular
(Of a liquid or cream) Able to make the skin feel less oily or to stop the loss of blood from a cut; Critical in a
severe or clever way.
(Of a liquid) Thick and sticky; Not flowing freely
(Of a loss, injury etc.) Too bad or too serious to repair or put right.
(Of a man or man's body) big, strong and heavy, Syn: Brawny.
(Of a man) small with a neat appearance and nice clothes.
(Of a man) Unable to achieve an erection and therefore unable to have full sex.
(Of a parliament) Having two main parts, such as the senate and the House of Representatives in the US,
and the House of Commons and House of Lords in Britain.
(Of a part of the body) At or near the front, Opp: Posterior.
(Of a person or an animal) Extremely hungry, Syn: Starving
(Of a person or their behaviour) Not natural or sincere.
(Of a person or their body) Soft and giving way to sb, especially in a sexual way; Willing to accept change;
Easy to influence or control
(Of a person) Easily upset or offended, Syn: Sensitive
(Of a person) Fat. People say 'corporeal' to avoid saying 'Fat'.

(Of a person) Having a lot of energy and strong personality.

(Of a person) having a lot of experience of a particular activity
(Of a person) Lively, happy and full of energy, Syn: Ebullient.
(Of a person) Not interested in politics; Not thinking politics are important; Not connected with a political
party.
(Of a person) Not knowing how to read or write.
(Of a person) Pleased to welcome guests; Generous and friendly to visitors, Syn: Welcoming.
(Of a person) Rather fat, Syn: Plump
(Of a person) Thin and without much flesh so that the bones are noticeable; Having angles or sharp corners.
(Of a person) Very thin, usually because of illness, not having enough food, or worry.
(Of a person) With a name that is not known or that is not made public; Written, given, made etc. by sb who
does not want their name to be known or made public.
(Of a person's face) Red.
(Of a person's movement) Skilful and quick.
(Of a place) dirty, unpleasant & not socially acceptable, especially because sex is involved, Syn:
Disreputable
(Of a position in an organization) not paid.
(Of a price) much too high.
(Of a problem or a person) very difficult to deal with, Opp: Tractable.
(Of a process) That can not be stopped or changed, Syn: Relentless.
(Of a product, especially a drug) Not using the name of the company that made it.
(Of a quality or situation) That can not be removed or changed.
(Of a quality, feeling etc.) That you have when you are born, Syn: Inborn.
(Of a relationship) Friendly but not involving sex
(Of a road, an area etc.) impossible to travel on or through, especially because it is in bad condition or it has
been blocked by sth.
(Of a route or journey) Long and not direct, Syn: Roundabout.
(of a sin or mistake) Not very serious and therefore able to be forgiven
(Of a situation) not safe or certain; dangerous
(Of a speech, piece of writing, theory etc.) Expressing a strong opinion that people are likely to disagree with,
Syn: Controversial.
(Of a substance) that does not dissolve in a liquid.
(Of a theory, position etc.)That can not be defended against attack or criticism
(Of a time ) suitable for doing a particular thing so that it is likely to be successful, Syn: Favourable
(Of a tumour or disease) That can not be controlled and is likely to cause death.
(Of a type of plant, animal etc.) No longer in existence.
(Of action) Making a situation worse or returning to how sth was in the past
(Of actions that considered bad) Done in an obvious and open way without caring if people are shocked,
Syn: Flagrant.

(Of an action or a decision) Happening very quickly or suddenly and usually without enough care and
thought
(Of an action) done as a duty or habit, without real interest, attention or feeling
(Of an amount) Too small to be considered as important or useful, Syn: Meager
(Of an area, a building, a room, etc.) Next to or near sth.
(Of an object) Difficult to move or control because of its size, shape or weight, Syn: Cumbersome
(Of an outer line or a surface) Curving in, Opp: Convex.
(Of an outline of a surface) Curving out; Opp: Concave.
(Of circles) Having the same centre.
(Of difficulties, problems etc.) that can not be dealt with successfully, Syn: Insuperable.
(Of eyes) Looking down.
(of food or drink) having a pleasant and acceptable taste
(Of food) heavy and making you feel very full; Serious and boring; Not exciting
(Of furniture and buildings) old and in very bad condition Syn: Ramshackle
(Of glass, plastic, etc.) Allowing you to see through it
(Of goods work etc.) made or done badly and with not enough care, Syn: Second-rate
(Of land and soil) Not good enough for plants to grow on it.
(Of land or climate) Having little or no rain; Very dry; With nothing new or interesting in it.
(Of language, words, phrases etc.) used in a way that is different from the usual meaning, in order to create
a particular mental picture.
(Of Liquids etc.) Clear, Syn: Transparent.
(Of Love) Not returned by the person that you love.
(Of machines, especially computers) Able to be used together.
(Of men) Polite, kind and behaving with honour, especially towards women, Syn: Gallant.
(Of metal rock or glass) heated to a very high temperature so that it becomes liquid.
(Of people and their behaviour) Very unpleasant and rude.
(Of people especially women or their clothes) Shy about showing much of the body; Not intended to attract
attention, especially in a sexual way, Syn: Demure
(of people or their manner) Pleasant and attractive , Syn: engaging
(Of people) Unwilling to change their opinions or behaviour in a way that would be helpful to others, Syn:
Stubborn.
(Of people) using weaker people for their own financial or sexual advantage
(Of people) very fat, in a way that is not healthy.
(Of people) Without understanding; (Of places) Without the benefits of modern life.
(Of people, animals or behaviour) Noisy and full of life and energy.
(Of places and living conditions) Very dirty and unpleasant, Syn: Filthy
(Of Rules, methods etc.) Very Strict and difficult to change, Syn: Inflexible
(Of sound) Deep, Clear and continuing for a long time
(Of sound) Not clear and hard to understand, Syn: Unintelligible.
(Of speakers and speech) Using words that are clever, but are not sincere, and do not show much thought.

(Of sth bad) existing or spreading everywhere in a way that can not be controlled, Sun: Unchecked
(Of sth bad) Very easily seen, Syn: Blatant.
(Of sth very old) Still in existence.
(Of the air or climate) Warm and damp.
(Of the air, weather etc.) Warm and pleasant, Syn: Mild.
(Of the memory) Able to store facts and remember things easily
(Of the weather or air) Very hot and uncomfortable, Syn: Muggy
(Of the weather) Not pleasant; Cold; Wet etc.
(Of things, not people) Producing the result that was intended, Syn: Effective.
(Of weather) Warm and damp in an unpleasant way, Syn: Close.
(Of work) Not skilled or important and often boring or badly paid.
(Of work, activities etc.) in which you spent a lot of time sitting down
(Phony) Not real or true; false and try to trick people, Syn: Fake
(Specially of beliefs or behaviour) generally accepted or approved of ; following generally accepted beliefs,
Syn : Traditional
(Usually of an unpleasant event) That is going to happen very soon, Syn: Imminent.
=Celsius
A headstrong person is determined to do things their own way and refuses to listen advice.
Able to feel better quickly after sth unpleasant such as shock, injury etc.
Able to make mistakes or be wrong.
Able to move quickly and easily, Syn: Nimble; Able to think quickly and in an intelligent way.
Able to produce a lot of children, crops etc., Syn: Fertile.
Able to show good judgment about the quality of some one
Accepted or deserving to be accepted as one of the best or most important of its kind.
Acting or done quickly and without thinking carefully about the results, Syn: Rash, Impulsive.
Acting or done with no skill.
Adjectives
Aimed at solving a problem, especially when this involves correcting or improving sth that has been done
wrong
Allowed to know about sth secret
always right or accurate, Syn: Unfailing
Always wanting more sth; Not able to be satisfied.
Amusing, but not in a way that you expect.
An impregnable building is so strong built that it can not be entered by force.
An inborn quality is one that you are born with, Syn: Innate.
annoyed or disappointed because something has happened to upset you
Annoying or irritating, Syn: Tiresome
Bad-tempered and always complaining.
Based on imagination and not facts or reason.
Based on your own ideas or opinions rather than facts and therefore sometimes unfair
Beginning to exist; Not yet fully developed.

Behaving in a very honest way; Not knowing how to trick people.

Behaving in a way that is considered sexually immoral.
Behaving in a way that is not sensible and is typical of people who are much younger.
Behaving or performed in an extremely formal way, Opp: Unceremonious.
behaving towards other people as you think you are better than they are, Syn: Superior
Being an essential part of sth.
Being careful that every detail of sth is correct, Syn: Meticulous.
Being the only one of its kind
Belonging to or part of the real nature of sth/sb.
Belonging to the middle class.
Better than all others of its kind, Syn : Unsurpassed
Bulky; Large
Calm; Peaceful
Careful when dealing with sb/sth because you think that there may be a danger or problem, Syn: Cautious.
Careless, untidy or dirty in appearance or habits
Caring more about money and possessions than any thing else.
Caused by, or connected with, disease or illness.
Causing difficulty or disagreement, Syn: Knotty
Causing harm or damage deliberately and form acceptable reason
Causing hatred, especially for moral reasons, Syn: Repugnant.
Causing or able to cause death, Syn: Deadly
Causing or ending in death.
Causing or likely to cause harm or damage, Syn: Damaging.
Causing or showing sadness Syn: Gloomy, Miserable.
Changing often and suddenly.
Clear and accurate, Syn: Exact, Meticulous
Clearly different or of a different kind.
Clever at getting what you want, and willing to track people, Syn: Cunning
Clever at making understanding and making judgments about a situation, Syn: Astute
Coming or happening late
Complete and total, Syn: Utter
Completely fair, especially when dealing with different groups of people.
Completely lacking in sth.
Completely necessary; Extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity, Syn: Vital.
Concerned with the body, sex, etc. in an open and direct way that some people find rude or embarrassing.
Connected with a germ.
Connected with a pope
Connected with all Christians or the whole Christian church; Including many or most things.
Connected with an empire.
Connected with astronomy; (Of an amount, a price etc.) Very large.
Connected with drawings and design especially in the production of book, magazines etc.

Connected with education, especially studying in schools and universities.

Connected with farming and the use of land for farming.
Connected with fighting or war.
Connected with government or public money, especially taxes.
Connected with growing crops such as wheat.
Connected with heat
Connected with marriage and the sexual relationship between a husband and wife.
Connected with marriage or wedding.
Connected with marriage or with the relationship between a husband and a wife.
Connected with mental processes of understanding.
Connected with moon.
Connected with or belonging to a nation, race or people that share a cultural tradition.
Connected with or belonging to a town.
Connected with or caused by earthquakes
Connected with or in the form of an ellipse.
Connected with or producing heat.
Connected with or used in court.
Connected with stars
Connected with sth but less important than it; Syn: Additional
Connected with the particular method you use to achieve sth, Syn: Strategic
Connected with the people who live in a country.
Connected with the planet earth
Connected with the sea or ships.
Connected with the side of sth or with movement to the side.
Connected with the way children behave towards their parents.
Connected with the weather of a particular area.
Connected with the whole universe; Very great and important.
Connected with the world in which we live rather than with spiritual things.
Connected with your physical feelings; Giving pleasure to your physical senses, especially sexual pleasure
Consisting of many different kinds of people or things.
Consisting of many different types of things or person.
Containing poison
Continuing for a very long time; Happening again and again
Cruel and disgusting; Of or like a beast.
Dealing with real, important or serious matters
Deserving respect and admiration.
Designed to cause fires, Syn: Inflammatory.
Determined not to change your mind or to be persuaded about sth.
Different form what is normal or expected.
Difficult or impossible to reach or to get.

Difficult to deal with or to understand; Full of problems; not certain to be successful

Direct and honest in manner and speech, Syn: Frank.
Doing everything that you are expected to do; Willing to obey and to show respect, Syn: Obedient.
Done alone; without other people
Done by one member of a group or an organization without the agreement of the other member
Done by or involving all the people in the world or in a particular group.
done in an open way and not secretly
Done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways rather than carefully planned at the
beginning
Done quickly and without giving enough attention to detail, Syn: Brief, Perfunctory.
Done secretly or kept secret.
Done willingly, not because you are forced.
Done without preparation or planning, Syn: Improvised.
Easily annoyed or irritated, Syn: Irritable
Easily made angry, Syn: Bad-tempered.
Easy to bend without breaking, Syn: Flexible
Easy to see or notice; Likely to attract attention, Opp: Inconspicuous.
Exactly as spoken or written, Syn: Word for word
Excessively critical, especially of small faults.
Existing or happening at the same time.
Expecting not to succeed, and showing it in a particular situation.
Expressed clearly and in a way that shows that you are very sure about what you are saying.
Expressing strong emotion in a way that is beautiful and shows imagination, Syn: Expressive.
Extremely angry, Syn: Furious;Dark Bluish grey in Colour.
Extremely annoying; Connected with hell.
Extremely annoying; Unpleasant and difficult to bear, Syn: Unbearable
Extremely bad, or annoying Syn: terrible
Extremely beautiful or carefully made.
Extremely large or impressive, especially greater or better that you expect, Syn: Staggering
Extremely large, Syn: Huge.
Extremely unpleasant and frightening and usually connected with death and violence.
Extremely unpleasant, Syn: Horrible.
Fair and reasonable; Treating everyone in an equal way, Syn: Fair, Opp: Inequitable.
Familiar with sth because you have done it or experienced it often, Syn: Accustomed.
Far away in time, Syn: Distant; Not very great, Syn: Slight
Far more than is usual or expected, Syn: Excessive.
Fashionable and confident.
Feeling angry or unhappy because sb you like or love is showing interest in sb else.
Feeling or showing strong sexual desire.

Feeling that you have been treated unfairly; Suffering unfair or illegal treatment and making a complaint.
Feeling worried or nervous; Causing anxiety; Showing anxiety.
Felt or experienced by watching or reading about sb else doing sth, rather than by doing it yourself
Filled with horror and surprise when you see or hear sth, Syn: Horrified.
Final, not able to be changed.
Fit or suitable to be eaten; Not poisonous.
Fixed by law; that must be done by law
Following immediately one after the other, Syn: Consecutive
Fresh and clean, as if new, Syn: Immaculate
Friendly and cheerful, Syn: Affable.
From or in another country, especially a tropical one; Seeming exciting and unusual because it is connected
with foreign countries.
Full of energy, excitement and happiness.
Full of liquid or gas and therefore, bigger than normal, in a way that is unpleasant.
Full of strong emotions esp. connected with sex and love
Full of strong emotions or violence (Also Flammable)
Genuine, real or legal; Not false.
Given or done unwillingly, Syn: Reluctant.
Giving the impression that you feel you are better and more moral than other people, Syn: Self-Righteous
Good at doing sth that is quite difficult, Syn: Skilful.
Good at finding ways of doing things and solving problems etc., Syn: Enterprising
Growing or living in, on or near water; Connected with water.
Hanging down loosely and swinging from side to side
Happening at a bad time, Syn: Inappropriate, Inconvenient.
Happening at the end of a long process, Syn: Final
Happening at the same time as sth else, especially because one thing is related to or causes to other.
Happening once every two years.
Happening only occasionally or at intervals that were not regular, Syn: Intermittent
Happening or coming after sth else
Happening or developing steadily
Happening or done at the same time as sth else
Happening, done, published, etc., after a person has died
Hardly any; not very much and not as much as there should be
Harmful Syn: Damaging
Having a lot of experience of the world & knowing about fashion, culture & other things that people think are
socially important
Having a lot of money and a good standard of living, Syn: Prosperous, Wealthy.
Having a lot of problems, especially too much work and too little time or money.

Having a lot of space

Having a lot of space to put things in, Syn: Roomy.
Having a particular title or status but not real power or authority, Syn: Nominal
Having a pleasant full deep sound
Having a smell
Having a strong taste or smell
Having a tendency to show favour towards or against one group of people or one opinion for personal
reasons; Making unfair judgments.
Having an important effect on a large part of sth
Having bad habits which can not be changed or improved, Syn: Incurable.
Having complete power or the greatest power in the country.
Having enough money to pay your debts; Not in debt.
Having enough skill or knowledge to do sth well or to the necessary standard; Of a good standard but not
very good; Having the power to decide sth.
Having feelings that are typical of a caring mother towards a child.
Having good reason or evidence to cause or support it.
Having many small holes that allow water or air to pass through slowly
Having no energy or enthusiasm.
Having no interest or unusual features or qualities, Syn: Dull.
Having or involving ideas or plans that shows imagination but are usually not practical
Having or showing a desire to argue or fight, Syn: Aggressive, Warlike.
Having or showing a desire to harm other people, Syn: Malicious, Wicked.
Having or showing no interest in sb/sth.
Having or showing the ability to think of new projects or new ways of doing things and make them
successful.
Having the same bad effect as sth else
Having the same origin as another word or language; Related in some way and therefore similar.
Having the same size and shape; suitable for sth; Appropriate in a particular situation.
Having total power; Able to do anything.
Having very strict moral attitudes
Heuristic teaching or education encourages you to learn by discovering things for yourself.
Humorous; (Of a person) enjoying making people laugh, Syn: Jolly.
If a decision or opinion is unanimous it is agreed or shared by everyone in a group
If a person is redoubtable, they have very strong qualities that make you respect them and perhaps feel
afraid of them, Syn: Formidable
If a person or their expression is inscrutable, it is hard to know what they are thinking or feeling, because
they do not show any emotion.
If sth bad or unpleasant is rife in a place, it is very common there, Syn: Widespread
If sth goes awry, it does not happen in the way that was planned; Not in the right position, Syn: Untidy.

If two statements, etc., are inconsistent or one is inconsistent with the other, they can not both be true
because they give the facts in a different way.
if you are determine to do something you have made a from decision to do it and you will not let any one
preventing you.
Important and well known; Easily seen, Syn: Noticeable
Important; That will have important results, Opp: Inconsequential.
Impossible or very difficult to do; Not practical in a particular situation,
Impossible to forget or remove, Syn: Permanent.
Impossible to understand or explain, Syn: Inexplicable.
Impressive, making you feel respect.
In an early stage of development.
In large amounts, Syn: Abundant.
Independent of other things of the same type, Syn: Separate.
Intended to last for only a short time until sb/sth more permanent is found.
Interesting or pleasant in a way that attracts your attention.
Introducing or using new ideas, ways of doing sth etc.
Invented by sb rather than true.
Involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time.
Involving risk or danger, especially to sb's health or safety.
Kind, generous and forgiving, especially towards an enemy or a rival.
Knowing about sth; Familiar with sth.
Knowing everything
Knowing or appearing to know about things before they happen
Lacking knowledge or information about sth; Not educated.
Large in amount, or impressive, and usually costing a lot of money, Syn: Extravagant.
Lasting a very long time and therefore boring or annoying, Syn: Endless.
Lasting for a long time.
Lasting longer than expected or lasting longer than usual, Syn: Prolonged
Lasting only for a very short time, syn: Fleeting.
Lasting or taking too long and not interesting, Syn: Boring
Lazy
Liked or enjoyed by a larger number of people
Likely to last for a long time without breaking or getting weaker.
Limitless.
Listening or watching carefully and with interest.
Looking smaller and having many folds and lines in the skin
Looking very tired because of illness, worry or lack of sleep, Syn: Drawn.
Made of small parts that are not connected or complete.
Making it easy, possible or likely for sth to happen.
Making you feel pity or sadness, Syn: Pitiful
Matching sth in size, importance, quality etc.
Morally very bad.

Morally wrong and deserving criticism, Syn: Deplorable

More than you need or want, Syn: Unnecessary
Most important or noticeable.
Most important; Having other things based on it.
Most obvious or noticeable
Moving in a way that is not smooth or elegant, Syn: Awkward
Moving or tending to move away from a centre.
Moving or tending to move towards a centre.
Moving slowly in an elegant manner, not needing energy or effort.
Mysterious and difficult to understand
Mysterious and difficult to understand.
Neat and fashionable; Well designed; Clever.
Necessary for a particular purpose
Necessary or essential in order for sth to succeed or exist
needing a lot of care, effort and attention to detain Syn: Thorough
Needing great effort
Never changing and therefore boring, Syn: Dull, Repetitious.
Never giving up or getting tired of doing sth.
Never wrong; Never making mistakes.
No longer existing, operating or being used.
No longer fashionable or useful
No longer used because sth new has been invented, Syn: Out of date.
Not acting quickly enough that I s causing delay
Not allowed by the law.
Not as strict as expected when punishing sb or when making sure that rules are obeyed.
Not aware of sth.
Not aware of what you are doing or of the situation you are involved in
Not based on experience
Not based on, or not using, clear logical thought, Syn: Unreasonable.
Not belonging naturally to sb/sth; coming from or existing outside sb/sth rather than with in them.
Not caring about other people's feelings or suffering, Syn: Cruel, Unfeeling.
Not caring enough about sth important or about the feelings of other people.
Not changing in your attitudes or aims, Syn: Firm
Not Clear, Syn: Vague
Not communicated or described in a clear or logical way not connected Syn: Disconnected, incoherent
Not complete or whole
Not connected with religion or holy things, Syn: Secular
Not connected with spiritual or religious matters
Not controlled and therefore extreme
Not Controlled or restricted

Not correct; Based on wrong information.

Not easily frightened or stopped from doing sth difficult, Syn: Resolute.
Not easily made angry or upset, Syn: Calm
Not easily upset or worried by a difficult situation; Calm.
Not enjoying the company of other people; not friendly.
Not expecting sb/sth to be good or useful, especially because of experiences that you have had in the past.
Not expressed or done in a direct way, Syn: Indirect.
not friendly; Not wanting a close relationship with sb.
Not giving an opinion, not showing which side of an argument you agree with.
Not giving sth enough care or attention, Syn: Negligent
Not good or honest; That should make you feel shame, Syn: Base
Not happening at regular times; Not following any plan or regular pattern; That you can not rely on, Syn:
Unpredictable.
Not harmful or dangerous, Syn: Harmless.
Not having enough money to pay what you owe, Syn: Bankrupt.
Not having much confidence in yourself, not wanting to talk about yourself syn: Shy
Not having sex with anyone; Only having sex with the person that you are married to.
Not important to or connected with a situation.
Not influenced by emotion, Syn: Impartial.
Not influenced by personal feeling or by the chance of getting some advantage for yourself Syn: Impartial
Not likely sth or wanting to do sth; Opposed to doing sth.
Not married and not having sex, especially for religious reasons; Not having sex.
Not moving, Syn: Motionless.
Not paying careful attention to sb/sth,
Not praised or famous but deserving to be
Not real or solid.
Not showing much emotion or interest; Remaining always the same and not reacting or changing.
Not simple and direct; complicated and difficult to understand, Syn: Convoluted
Not strict, severe or careful enough about work, rules or standards of behaviour, Syn: Slack, Careless.
Not supporting or helping either side in a disagreement, competition etc,, Syn: Impartial.
Not typical or usual, Opp: Typical.
Not very good; Of only average standard.
Not wanting to draw attention to yourself or to your abilities or status, Syn: Modest
Not willing or not able to believe sth; Showing an inability to believe sth,
Not willing to accept defeat, even in a difficult situation; Very brave and determined.
Not willing to risk doing sth; Fearing possible problems if you do sth, Syn: Wary.
Noticeable in an unpleasant way.
Of many different kinds; Having great variety.

Of or concerning actors or acting.

of or produced by movement.
Of the highest quality; Excellent, Syn: First-Rate
Of very high quality and causing great admiration
Often changing or reacting in a way that is unexpected, Syn: Volatile.
Only concerned with small issues that happen in your local area and not interested in more important things.
Opposite in amount or position to sth else.
Original and showing the ability to think about or plan the future with great imagination or intelligence
Partly; Almost
Paying careful attention to every detail, Syn: Fastidious, Thorough.
Playful
Pleasant and friendly.
Pleasant, friendly and easy to like, Syn: Agreeable.
Prentending to be real or genuine, Syn: False.
Present at a natural part of sth; present everywhere.
Present everywhere.
Producing abundantly
Producing many useful results, Syn: Productive.
Providing a general overview
Providing necessary support to the main work or activities of an organization, Syn: Auxiliary.
Providing sth, and allowing no doubt or confusion, Opp: Inconclusive
Quiet and peaceful, Syn: Serene.
Quiet, gentle and always ready to do who other people want without expressing your own opinion, Syn:
Complaint, Selfefacing.
Related to sound or to the sense of hearing; (Of a musical instrument or performance) designed to make
natural sound, not sound produced by electrical equipment.
Relating to the original people living in Australia; Relating to the original people, animals etc. of a place and
to a period of time before Europeans arrived.
Relaxed and friendly; Not following strict rules of how to behave or do sth.
Remaining at the end of a process, Syn: Outstanding
Required by law, Syn: Compulsory.
Responsible and deserving blame for having done sth wrong.
Retrospective; Thinking about or connected with sth that happened in the past
Rich and Successful, Syn: Affluent
Sad and disappointed because you have failed and you did not expect to.
Sad and serious, Syn: Melancholy
Secret or hidden making it difficult to notice.
Seeming evil or dangerous; making you think sth bad will happen
Seeming or stated to be real or true when this is perhaps not the case, Syn : Apparent
Seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time; very common

Sensible and careful when you make judgment and decision

Shaped into a series of regular folds that look like waves.
Shared by, or for the use of, a number of people, especially people who live together, Syn: Shared, Involving.
Shining in the dark; Giving out light.
Shocking; Extremely bad; Very bad.
Showing a clear understanding of a person or situation, Syn: Perceptive.
Showing a lack of respect for God or religion.
Showing determination; Not giving up easily, Syn: Tenacious.
Showing much or too much emotion.
Showing no sign of intelligence or sensitive feeling.
Showing sudden changes in attitude or behaviour, Syn: Unpredictable; Changing suddenly and quickly, Syn:
Changeable.
Showing that you are feeling confident and pleased with yourself, Syn: Cheerful.
Showing that you do not take sth as seriously as other people think you should.
Showing that you expect people to obey and respect you; That you can trust and respect as true and correct.
Silly or stupid, not sensible
Similar to sb/sth else and able to be compared.
Simple, natural and honest; Made without skill or art.
skilful with your hands that is skillfully done
Slow or unwilling to understand sth.
Slow, Calm and relaxed, Syn: Unhurried
Small and not important, Syn: Slight.
Smooth and shiny,
So extreme or unusual it is almost impossible to describe.
So interested in one particular thing that you are not aware of anything else
So surprised and confused that you do not know what to do or say, Syn: Dumbfounded
Soft and shining, Syn: Glossy
Sounding loud and rough
Spoken or done without any previous thought or preparation, Syn: Impromptu.
Stagnant water or air is not moving and therefore smells unpleasant, Syn: Static
Stopping and starting often over a period of time, but not regularly, Syn: Sporadic.
Stretched tightly
Suitable or appropriate in the circumstances; Likely or having a natural tendency to do sth; A person who has
a natural ability to learn and understand.
Suitable, acceptable or correct for the particular circumstances.
Suspicious or careful about sth/sb, and trying to avoid doing it or dealing with them, Syn: Wary.
Taking a lot of time and effort, Syn: Onerous, Taxing.
Taking care to do things carefully and correctly.
Taking unnecessary risks, Syn: Reckless.
Talking a lot, especially about unimportant things, Syn: Talkative.

Talking in a silly, emotional way' often full of pity for yourself, especially when drunk, Syn: Sentimental.
Tending not to say very much, in a way that seems friendly
Tending to allow sb to have or do whatever they want.
Tending to destroy sth slowly by chemical action.
Tending to do sth; Likely to do sth.
Tending to follow what is done or considered acceptable by society in general; Normal and ordinary, and
perhaps not very interesting.
That can be dissolved in a liquid
That can be done; that will be successful, Syn: Feasible
That can be taken away from an amount of money you earn, from tax, etc.
That can be touched; Physically rather than spiritual.
That can not be changed.
That can not be cured.
That can not be divided into separate parts.
That can not be entered, passed through or seen through.
That can not be identified easily or exactly.
That can not be proved wrong and that must be therefore be accepted.
That can not be understood or explained, Syn: Incomprehensible.
That does not stop holding sth or give up sth easily; determined
That has been stated to have happened or to be true, when this might not be the case
That has been, or must be, respected or can not be attacked or destroyed.
That is considered to be too important to change or question, Syn: Sacred
That is easily noticed by the mind or the senses
That is easy to carry or to move
that is legally or officially accepted; based on what is logical or true
That is not fixed in one place and can be moved easily and quickly.
That is true and can not be disagreed with or denied, Syn: Undeniable.
That makes you pay attention to it because it is so interesting and exciting; So strong that you must do sth
about it.
That which is not fresh
That you can choose to do or have if you want to
That you can never make right or get back.
That you can not avoid or prevent, Syn: Unavoidable.
That you can not doubt or question
That you can not hear.
That you must do because of the law.
The last part of a show or a piece of music.
The same in all parts and at all times
Thinking too much about one particular person or thing, in a way that is not normal.
Thinking very carefully about sth before doing it, because there may be risks involved, Syn: Cautious.

Threatining to do sth evil or to hurt sb.

To use your authority to reject ones decision Syn: Overrule
Too generous in praising or thanking sb, or in saying sorry, so that you do not sound sincere.
Too good or individual for any one else to copy with the same effect.
Too large or too small when compared with sth else.
Too ready to believe things and therefore easy to trick, Syn: Gullibility.
Too ready to tell people what to do or to use the power you have to give orders, Syn: Self-important.
Too strong to be defeated or changed, Syn: Unconquerable.
Too willing to accept sb else's authority and willing to obey them without questioning anything they want you
to do
Too willing to believe or accept what other people tell you and therefore easily tricked, Syn: Nave.
Too willing to obey other people; Less important than sth else
Too willing to spend money or waste time, energy or material, Syn: Extravagant
Too worried about small details or rules
Total and complete.
Touching, especially along a line; In contact.
try to control other people in an unpleasant way syn: Domineering
Trying to harm or upset sb, or showing that you want to, because you think that they have harmed you, Syn:
Spiteful
Typical of a king or a queen and therefore impressive
Typical of a small child (and therefore not suitable for adults or older children), Syn: Childish.
Typical of a special event or celebration.
Unable to behave and think normally, especially because of mental illness
Unable to feel sth or react to it.
Unable to read
Unable to stay still, or unwilling to be controlled, especially because you feel bored or not satisfied
Understand and experienced by only a very small group of people who share a particular area of knowledge
or activity
Unfriendly and aggressive, Syn: Hostile.
Unhappy and disappointed, Syn: Despondent
Unpleasant and immoral, Syn: Sordid
Unreasonable; That you can not take seriously, Syn: Absurd, Ridiculous.
Used to describe sth that has recently been invented or introduced, but that you do not like because it is not
what you are used to, or is too complicated.
Used to mean 'complete' usually when describing sth bad, Syn: Absolute
Using few words and often not seeming polite or friendly
Using knowledge about things that are generally true in order to think about and understand particular
situations or problems.
Using long or complicated words in order to impress people, Syn: Pompous.

Using money, time, materials etc. in a careless way, Syn: Wasteful

Using only as much money or food as is necessary, Opp: Extravagant.
Using or containing more words than are needed, Syn: Long winded
Using or, willing to use, force or strong pressure to achieve your aims, especially to achieve social or political
change.
Using particular facts and examples to form general rules and principles.
Using very few words and sounding rude, Syn: Abrupt, Curt.
Venerable people or things deserve respect because they are old, important, wise etc.
Very angry
Very angry, often in a violent or uncontrolled way; Very excited.
Very careful to behave correctly or to perform your duties exactly as you should
Very careful to notice any signs of danger or trouble, Syn: Alert, Watchful
Very cheerful and friendly.
Very different from each other and of various kinds.
Very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time, Syn: Punishing.
Very dirty & unpleasant, Syn: Squalid
Very enthusiastic about sth, Syn: Keen; Wanting to get sth very much.
Very evil and violent.
Very expensive and looking very impressive
Very great or obvious, Syn: Outstanding
Very important and needing immediate attention or action, Syn: Vital
Very large, important, strong or difficult
Very likely to be influenced, harmed or affected by sb/sth, Syn: Impressionable
very lonely and unhappy syn: Forlorn
Very sad or making you feel sadness, Syn: Mournful, Somber.
Very sad, Syn: Mournful.
Very serious or severe; An acute illness is one that has quickly become severe and dangerous, Opp:
Chronic; (Of the senses) Very sensitive and well developed, Syn: Keen.
Very serous: very bad
Very shocking or frightening and making you feel very upset.
Very similar, related
Very steep, high and often dangerous, Syn: Sheer
Very strange or unusual, Syn: Weird.
Very stupid and showing no sympathy or understanding, Syn: Insensitive.
Very unpleasant and filling you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury.
Very unpleasant; Causing strong dislike, Syn: Repulsive
very worried and upset; excited in a a nervous waySyn: Distraught
Wanting too much to please sb and obey them, Syn: Fawning
Wanting very much to buy or get new possessions.
Weak and easily hurt physically or emotionally
Well known for being bad
Willing to listen to or to accept new ideas or suggestions, Syn: Responsive

Willing to take risks or to do sth shocking, Syn: Daring.

With little colour, excitement or interest; Without any thing to attract attention, Syn: Nondescript; Not having a
strong or interesting taste.
With no particular order or plan; Not organized well.
With the wind blowing in gusts.
Without a body or form.
Without a seam; With no spaces or pauses between one part and the next
Without interest or colour; Dull and boring.
Without limits; Seeming to have no end, Syn: Infinite.
Without mistakes or faults, Syn: Perfect.
Working hard; Busy, Syn: Hard-working.
Wrong; Not as it should be.

Presumably
Gratis
Aloft
Indubitably
Gamely
Asunder
Headlong

VOCABULARY
Adverbs
Use to say that you think that sth is probably true
Done or given without having to be paid for, Syn: Free of Charge.
High in the air.
In a way that can not be doubted; without question, Syn: Undoubtedly.
In a way that seems brave, although a lot of effort is involved.
Into pieces; Apart.
Quickly and without looking where you are going.

VOCABULARY
Prepositions
Apropos

Concerning or related to sb/sth.

Amid

In the middle of or during sth, especially sth that causes excitement or fear; Surrounded by sth.