The War on Drugs

Instructor: Dr. Holmes Office Hours: TR 10-11&

Office Location: GR 3.528 by appointment
email: jholmes@utdallas.edu Phone number: 972 883 6843
T.A.:
T.A. Contact Info:
Phone number: Office Location:

Course / number Day Time Room

GOVT 4347 Section 001 Tues & Thurs 12:30-1:45 SOM 1.110
Course Description:
This course examines the war on drugs in different perspectives: security, economic, and
political. Alternative state responses to the drug trade will be covered. Substantively, we
will deal with these questions within the context of individual democracies in Latin
America, with comparisons to countries in different regions of the world. The course will
be taught in a seminar style, with a combination of lecture and discussion. We will also
have occasional speakers and movies to supplement the readings.

This syllabus is tentative and subject to change.

When assessing alternative policy responses to the drug trade, it is useful to evaluate
options according to this general guide to political evaluation:
1. “First, one’s decisions depend on what one considers to be the alternative courses
of action, if any, that are ‘open’ or ‘available.’
2. Second, one’s decision depends on what one believes are the likely consequences
of pursuing each of the alternative courses of action.
3. Third, one’s decisions depend on the value one assigns to the consequences of
each alternative.
4. Fourth, then, in situations of uncertainty, one’s decision depends on one’s
guesses, hunches, or estimates concerning the probability that the various
consequences will actually occur.

5. Fifth, in situations of uncertainty, your decision will depend on your orientation

toward risk, uncertainty, and gambling.” (Robert Dahl 1963, Modern Political
Analysis Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 101-2.)

6. Sixth, be mindful of what standard you are using as an evaluation tool or what
policy result you are prioritizing.
 CLASS REQUIREMENTS
• Class attendance is required. Students are expected to be diligent in the pursuit of
their studies and regular in their class attendance. All students are required to attend
scheduled speaker sessions. I will take ATTENDANCE on those days and it WILL
affect your grade. One percentage point will be deducted for each day you miss.

• Class will be a mixture of lecture and discussion. The exams will be based on lecture
material and required readings. Some of the lecture material will not be in the
readings. (The professor will not provide copies of class notes). I will provide a
study sheet at least one week before the exam.

• Required readings will be approximately 100 to 150 pages per week. The students
should have carefully read the material at least once before class. Some readings are
dense, complicated and obscure. Read them slowly and then reread them.

• I expect students to be attentive during class and to actively participate in group

activities. You are expected to listen respectfully to me and to other students when
speaking. Racism, sexism, homophobia, classism, ageism and other forms of bigotry
are inappropriate to express in this class.

• Once students are seated for an exam, no bathroom breaks will be permitted. Please
plan ahead!

Grading will be based on the following:

♣ 1st Midterm (30 pts) February 23
♣ Preliminary Outline and Search Results (10 pts) March 21
♣ 2nd Midterm (30 pts) April 6
♣ Final Paper (30 pts) April 27

Please note that all written work will be graded on content in addition to grammar,
writing style, organization, and the presentation of material.

OTHER POLICIES
• Extensions. As a rule, no extensions are granted for written work. Unexcused late
papers will be penalized one full grade per day. However, in case of an emergency,
contact the professor as soon as possible to see if an exception can be made. Written
documentation to substantiate your emergency will be required.
• Exam Schedule Problems. No make up exams will be given. Instead, students may
take a comprehensive final exam.. With advance notice, anyone may take the
comprehensive final to replace their lowest test grade. THIS COMPREHENSIVE EXAM
CANNOT BE MADE UP IF MISSED .
• Incompletes. Incompletes may be assigned at the discretion of the professor and
according to the policy as stated in the Catalog. To be considered for an incomplete,
you must petition with the appropriate form. Please note that the university requires
that you have completed at least 70% of the course material to be eligible for an
 incomplete. Moreover, the incomplete work must be finished within one semester
from the date of the original granting of the incomplete.
• Scholastic Dishonesty. Scholastic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to, cheating
on assignments or examinations, plagiarizing (misrepresenting as your own work any
part of work done by another), submitting the same assignment, or substantially
similar assignments to meet the requirements of more than one course without the
approval of all instructors, depriving another student of necessary course materials, or
interfering with another student's work. If in doubt about the ethics of your actions,
consult the Catalog to see the University's policy. Violations of this policy will be
punished severely and according to the fullest extent of the policy.
• Cell Phones & Pagers. Due to receiving numerous complaints from students, this
policy is necessary. If you allow your cell phone or beeper to audibly go off in class
and disturb the other students, you will be penalized. The first time is a warning,
after that you lose points. The penalty starts at two points and will double every time
thereafter. If you answer the phone, no warning will be granted and you will be
immediately assessed the penalty.
• Extra Credit. Students may write a review essay of five pages on an approved book.
This paper is due the last day of class (November 23rd). No late papers will be
accepted.

ACCESSIBILITY
If you have a condition that requires accommodation in this course, please speak with me
after class or in office hours during the first week of class. I will be happy to make
appropriate accommodations provided timely notice is received and the arrangement is
consistent with any recommendations from Disability Services, when applicable.
Disability Services can be reached at 883-2098. The syllabus and other course materials
can be made available in alternative formats.

RESOURCES TO HELP YOU SUCCEED.

The university offers assistance to students in many areas. Please do not feel stigmatized
by using these resources. Good students become better students by using them.

• Learning Resource Center offers a variety of programs to help you, ranging from
individual tutoring to review classes for the GRE, GMAT, etc. They are located in
MC2.402 and can be reached at 883-6707.

Please feel free to contact me about any concerns you have about the course.

Required Texts:

The required books

• Illegal Drugs, Economy, and Society in the Andes, by Francisco E. Thoumi, Johns
Hopkins University Press/ Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2003.
• David Mares Drug Wars and Coffee Houses: The International Political Economy
of Drugs CQ Press 2005
The books will be available for purchase at both the campus bookstore and off campus
books. In addition, required readings are to be downloaded in electronic form from the
library. Follow the links from the library catalog..

Required Readings
Tuesday January 10
1. syllabus

Thursday January 12 TRAFFIC (attendance will be taken)

1. Thoumi, ch. 1
2. Mares, Ch. 1 “The Drug Trade as a Global and National Phenomenon”

Tuesday January 17: TRAFFIC (attendance will be taken)

1. Thoumi, ch. 2
2. Mares, Ch. 2 “Analytic Perspectives for Explaining the Drug Trade”

Thursday January 19:

The State, Drugs, and Security
1. Geffray, Christian. 2001. “Introduction: Drug Trafficking and the State.”
International Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 421-26.
2. Kennedy, Joseph, E. 2003. “Drug Wars in Black and White.” Law and
Contemporary Problems. 66, 3: 153-81.
3. Naim, Moises. 2003. “The Five Wars of Globalization.” Foreign Policy. 134: 28-
50.
4. Raab, J; Milward, HB “Dark networks as problems” Journal of Public
Administration Research and Theory, 13 (4): 413-439 OCT 2003
5. http://www.oas.org/documents/eng/DeclaracionSecurity_102803.asp

RECOMMENDED:
Karp, Aaron. 2001. Illicit Arms and the Decline of Sovereignty. Contemporary Security
Policy. 22, 2: 121-29.
“Potential Threat: The New OAS Concept of Hemispheric Security” WOLA
http://www.wola.org/publications/security_lowres.pdf

Tuesday January 24:

The Illegal Drug Industry’s History and Structure
1. Thoumi, Ch. 3 “The Sociological Dimensions of Illegal Drug Production”
2. Mares, Ch. 4. “The Production of Psychoactive Substances
3. Mares, Ch. 5 “Distribution: Linking Producers and Consumers”
4. Charles, Molly and Gabriel Britto. 2001. “The Socio-cultural Context of Drug Use
and Implications for Drug Policy.” International Social Science Journal. 53, 169:
467-74.

Thursday January 26
The Politics of Drug Policy
1. Nadelmann, Ethan A. 1998. “Commonsense Drug Policy.” Foreign Affairs. 77, 1:
111-26.
2. Falco, Mathea. 1996. “US Drug Policy: Addicted to Failure.” Foreign Policy
(102): 120-34.
3. Maccoun, Robert J. 2001. “American Distortion of Dutch Drug Statistics.” Society.
38, 3: 23-26.

Tuesday January 31
The Estimating the Drug Industry
1. Thoumi, Ch. 5. “The Size of the Illegal Drug Industry”
2. Fazey, Cindy. 2002. “Estimating the World Illicit Drug Situation: Reality and the
Seven Deadly Political Sins.” Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy. 9, 1: 95-
103.
3. Mares, Ch. 3 “Conceptualizing Consumption: Drug Use and Drug Users”

Effects of the Drug Industry

4. Thoumi, Ch. 6. “Economic, Environmental, Social, and Political Effects of the Illegal
Drug Industry.

Thursday February 2
Contemporary Drug Control Regimes
1. Schiray, Michael. 2001. “Introduction: Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime and
Public Policy for Drug Control.” International Social Science Journal. 53, 169:
531-58.
2. Mares, Ch. 7 “The Political Economy of International Drug Strategies: Going It
Alone or Working Together”
3. CRS Report “Drug Control: International Policy and Approaches”
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/IB88093.pdf

RECOMMENDED
Joyce, Elizabeth. 1999. “Packaging Drugs: Certification and the Acquisition of
Leverage.” In The United States and Latin America: The New Agenda. Ed. Bulmer-
Thomas, Victor and James Dunkerley. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
207-26.
Castañeda, Jorge. 1999. “Decertifying Certification: Latin American Countries Should
Work for Ending U. S. Drug Certification Process.” Newsweek International. 15
Mar., 2.
Maccoun, Robert, and Peter Reuter, ed. 2001. Drug War Heresies: Learning from
Other Vices, Times and Places. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Tuesday February 7
Colombia
1. Thoumi, Ch. 7 “The Illegal Drug Industry’s Effects in Colombia”
2. Thoumi, Ch. 4 “The Development and Structure of the Illegal Drug Industry in the
Andes” pp. 80-108 only!
3. Bibes, Patricia. 2001. ”Transnational Organized Crime and Terrorism: Colombia, A
Case Study.” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice. 17, 3: 243-58.
4. LeoGrande, William M. and Kenneth E. Sharpe. 2000. “Two Wars or One?: Drugs,
Guerrillas and Colombia’s New Violencia.” World Policy Journal. 17, 3: 1-11.

Thursday February 9

1. Crandall, Russell. 2001. “Explicit Narcotization: U. S. Policy toward Colombia

during the Samper Administration.” Latin American Politics and Society. 43, 3: 95-
120.
2. Rhody, Matthew. 2004-2005. “The United States' War on Cocaine and Prospects for
Peace and Prosperity in the Andes” Journal for the Study of Peace and Conflict,
2004-2005, 110-121.
3. Guaqueta, Alexandra. 2005 “Change and Continuity in U.S.-Colombian Relations
and the War against Drugs” Journal of Drug Issues, 35, 1, winter, 27-56.
4. Roskin, Michael G. 2001. ”Crime and Politics in Colombia: Considerations for U.
S. Involvement.” Parameters: U. S. Army War College Quarterly. 31, 4: 126-34.

Tuesday February 14
1. Vargas, Ricardo. 2002. “The Anti-drug Policy, Aerial Spraying of Illicit Crops and
Their Social, Environmental and Political Impacts in Colombia.” Journal of Drug
Issues. 32, 1: 11-60.
2. Peterson, Sarah. 2002. “People and Ecosystems in Colombia: Casualties of the
Drug War.” Independent Review. 6, 3: 427-40.
3. Jennifer S. Holmes and Sheila Amin Gutiérrez de Piñeres “The Illegal Drug Industry
and the Economy in Colombia: A Department Level Analysis” Bulletin of Latin
American Research, forthcoming.
4. Thompson, David P. 1996. “Pablo Escobar, Drug Baron: His Surrender,
Imprisonment, and Escape.” Terrorism and Political Violence Vol. 19 Issue 1, p55-
91

RECOMMENDED
Camacho, Guizado Álvaro and Andrés López Restrepo. 2000. “Perspectives on
Narcotics Trafficking in Colombia.” International Journal of Politics, Culture and
Society. 14, 1: 151-82.
Medina, Ferro and Juan Guillermo. 2003. “Between the State and the Guerrilla: Identity
and Citizenship in the Coca-growing Peasants’ Movement of Putumayo.” Analisis
Político. 48: 109-111.
Steiner, Robert. 1999. “Hooked on Drugs: Colombian-U. S. Relations.” In The United
States and Latin America: The New Agenda. Ed. Bulmer-Thomas, Victor and James
Dunkerley. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 159-176.

Thursday February 16
 Peru
1. Thoumi, Ch. 8 “The Illegal Drug Industry’s Effects in Bolivia and Peru”
2. Kay, Bruce H. 1999. “Violent Opportunities: Rise and Fall of ‘King Coca’ and
Shining Path.” Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs. 41, 3: 97-127.
3. Thoumi, Ch. 4 “The Development and Structure of the Illegal Drug Industry in the
Andes” pp.126-138 only
4. Gootenberg, Paul. 2003. ”Between Coca and Cocaine: A Century or more of U.S.
Peruvian Drug Paradoxes, 1860-1980” Hispanic American Historical Review 2003
83(1): 119-150.
5. Franco, George H. 2004 “Battling Narcoterrorism: The Peruvian Experience in the
Ucayali Orbis: A Journal of World Affairs, 48, 3,: 505-516.

Tuesday February 21
Bolivia
1. Youngers, Coletta. 1997. “The Only War We’ve Got: Drug Enforcement in Latin
America.” NACLA Report on the Americas. 31, 2: 13-18.
2. Garcia Arganaras, Fernando. 1997. “The Drug War at the Supply End: The Case of
Bolivia.” Latin American Perspective. 24, 5: 59-80.
3. Kohl, Ben and Linda Farthing. 2001. “The Price of Success: Bolivia’s War against
Drugs and the Poor.” NACLA Report on the Americas. 35, 1:
4. Thoumi, Ch. 4 “The Development and Structure of the Illegal Drug Industry in the
Andes” pp. 109-126 only!
RECOMMENDED
Agreda Mendivil, José Antonio. 2000. “An Alternative Strategy for Fighting Cocaine
Trafficking in Bolivia.” Low Intensity Conflict and Law Enforcement. 9, 3: 67-94.
Hellin, Jon. 2001, “Coca Eradication in the Andes: Lessons from Colombia.”
Capitalism, Nature, Socialism. 12, 2: 139-57.

Thursday February 23
Midterm
Tuesday February 28
Mexico
1. Nagengast, Carol. 1998. “Militarizing the Border Control.” NACLA Report on the
Americas. 32, 3: 37-41.
2.. Dermota, Ken. 1999-2000. “Snow Business: Drugs and the Spirit of Capitalism.”
World Policy Journal. 16, 4: 15-24
3. Chabat, J. 2002. “Mexico’s War on Drugs: No Margin for Maneuver.” Annals of
the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 582, 1: 134-48.

RECOMMENDED
Recio, Gabriela. 2002. “Drugs and Alcohol: US Prohibition and the Origin of the Drug
Trade in Mexico, 1910-1930.” Journal of Latin American Studies. 34, 1: 21-42.
Dunn, Timothy. 2002. “The War on Drugs in the U.S. Mexico Border Region, 1981-
1992.” In The Militarization of the U.S. Mexico Border 1978-1992: Low Intensity
Conflict Doctrine Comes Home. Dunn. Austin: University of Texas Press, 103-46.
Kaufman Purcell, Susan. 1997. “The Changing Nature of US-Mexican Relations.”
Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs. 39,1: 137-52..

Thursday March 2
1. Paternostro, Silvana. 1995. “Mexico as a Narco-democracy.” World Policy Journal.
12, 1: 41-7.
2. Mares, David R. 2003. “US Drug Policy and Mexican Civil-military relations: A
Change for the Mutually Desirable Democratization Process.” Crime, Law and
Social Change. 41, 1: 61-75.
3. O’Day, Patrick. 2001. “The Mexican Army as Cartel.” Journal of Contemporary
Criminal Justice. 17, 3: 278-95.
4. Astroga, Luis. 2001. “The Limitation of Anti-drug Policy in Mexico.” International
Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 427-30.

March 6-11 Spring Break

Tuesday March 14

Brazil
1. Zaluar, Alba. 2001. “Violence in Rio de Janeiro: Styles of Leisure, Drug Use, and
Trafficking.” International Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 369-78.
2. Mingardi, Guaracy. 2001. “Money and the International Drug Trade in São Paulo.”
International Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 379-86.
3. Leeds, Elizabeth. “Cocaine and Parallel Polities in the Brazilian Urban Periphery:
Constraints on Local-Level Democratization” Latin American Research Review, Vol.
31, Issue 3, p. 47, 1996
4. Wittkoff, E Peter. 2003-2004. “Brazil's SIVAM: Surveillance against Crime and
Terrorism” International Journal of Intelligence and Counterintelligence, 16/ 4:
543-560.
5. Bicalho, Ana Maria de Souza Mello; Hoefle, Scott William. 1999. “From Family
Feud to Organised Crime: The Cultural Economy of Cannabis in Northeast Brazil”
Bulletin of Latin American Research, 18/3, p. 343.
RECOMMENDED
Araujo, Roberto. 2001. “The Drug Trade, the Black Economy, and Society in Western
Amazonia.” International Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 451-7.
Machado Osorio, Lia. 2001. “The Eastern Amazonian Basin and the Coca-Cocaine
Complex.” International Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 387-95.
Schönenberg, Regine. 2001. “New Criminal Domains in the Brazilian Amazon.”
International Social Science Journal. 53, 169: 397-406.

Thursday March 16 Context of the Issue & Air Bridge Programs

1. Thoumi, Ch. 9 “Illegal Drugs, Violence, and Social Differences”
2. Thoumi, Ch. 10 “Nature of the Drug Policy Problem”
3. Major Darren Huskisson. 2005. “The Air Bridge Denial Program and the
Shootdown of Civil Aircraft under International Law” Air Force Judge Advocate
General School The Air Force Law Review, 2005, 56 A.F. L. Rev. 109,
4. U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) 2005. “Drug Control: Air Bridge
Denial Program in Colombia Has Implemented New Safeguards, but Its Effect on
Drug Trafficking Is Not Clear”
http://www.gao.gov/docsearch/abstract.php?rptno=GAO-05-970

Tuesday March 21
Thinking About Solutions
1. Thoumi, Ch. 11 “Policy Case Studies of Alternative Development in Bolivia and
International Cooperation in Colombia
2. Thoumi, Ch 12 “A Short Survey of Anti-Drug Policies in the Andes and Policy
Conclusions”
3. Mares, Ch. 8. “The United States: From Crime Reduction to Drug War, 1968-1982”
4. Vargas, Ricardo. 2005. “Strategies for Controlling the Drug Supply: Policy
Recommendations to Deal with Illicit Crops and Alternative Development Programs”
Journal of Drug Issues, vol. 35, issue 1, p 131.

PRELIMINARY OUTLINE & SEARCH RESULTS DUE

RECOMMENDED
Covington, Jeanette. 2001. “Llinking Treatment to Punishment: An Evaluation of Drug
Treatment in the Criminal Justice System.” In Informing America’s Policy on Illegal
Drugs: What We Don’t Know Keeps Hurting Us. Ed. Manski, Charles F., John V.
Pepper and Carol V. Petrie. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 349-81.
Maccoun, Robert, and Peter Reuter, ed. 2001. Drug War Heresies: Learning from
Other Vices, Times and Places. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Maccoun, Robert, and Peter Reuter. 2001. “Evaluating Alternative Cannabis Regimes.”
British Journal of Psychiatry. 178, 2: 123-28.
Manski, Charles F., John V. Pepper and Carol V. Petrie, ed. 2001. Informing America’s
Policy on Illegal Drugs: What We Don’t Know Keeps Hurting Us. Washington, DC:
National Academies.
Reuband, K. H. 1995. “Drug Use and Drug Policy in Western Europe: Epidemiological
Findings in a Comparative Perspective.” European Addiction Research. 1: 32-41.
Vellinga, Menno. 2000. “The War on Drugs and Why It Cannot Be Won.” Journal of
Third World Studies. 17, 2: 113-28.
Hesselroth, Alba. 2005. “Struggles of Security in US Foreign Drug Policy towards
Andean Countries” Peace, Conflict and Development, 5, July, [np].

Thursday March 23
The Narco Terrorism Connection
1. Weinstein, Jeremy M. 2003. “A New Threat of Terror in the Western Hemisphere.”
SAIS Review. 23, 1: 1-17.
2. Millar, Abraham H. and Nicholas A. Damask. 1996. “The Dual Myth of Narco-
terrorism: How Myths Drive Policy.” Terrorism and Political Violence. 8, 1: 114-
31.
3. Andrew Silke, “Drink, Drugs and Rock n’ Roll: Financing Loyalist Terrorism in
Northern Ireland” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism 23:107-127, 2000
4. Labrousse, Alain. “The FARC and the Taliban’s Connection to Drugs.” Journal of
Drug Issues 35, no. 1 (2005): 169-184.

RECOMMENDED
“How Drug Prohibition Finances and Otherwise Enables Terrorism: Submission to the
Senate of Canada Special Committee on Illegal Drugs.” Canadian Foundation for
Drug Policy. 29 Oct. 2001. http://www.cfdp.ca/eoterror.htm. Accessed on 7 Aug.
2004.
Asa Hutchinson, “Narco-terror: The International Connection Between Drugs and
Terror,” Apr. 2, 2002, Hutchinson, Asa. “Narco-terror: The International
Connection between Drugs and Terror: Speech at the Heritage Foundation in
Washington, DC.” U. S. Drug Enforcement Administration. 2 Apr. 2002. Accessed
at http://www.dea.gov/speeches/s040202p.html. Accessed on 7 Aug. 2004.
Massing, Michael. 2001. “Home-court Advantage: What the War on Drugs Teaches Us
about the War on Terror.” American Prospect. 3 Dec. 12, 21
Kenney, Michael. 2003. “From Pablo to Osama: Counter-terrorism Lessons from the
War on Drugs.” Survival. 45: 187-206.
Sharpe, Kenneth and William Spencer. 2001. “Refueling a Doomed War on Drugs.”
NACLA Report on the America. 35, 3.
“The Threat Posed by the Convergence of Organized Crime, Drug Trafficking and
Terrorism. Written Testimony of Ralf Mutschke, Assistant Director, Criminal
Intelligence Directorate, International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
General Secretariat.” US House Judiciary Committee. 13 Dec. 2000. Accessed at
http://www.house.gov/judiciary/muts1213.htm. Accessed on 7 Aug. 2004.
Hutchinson, Asa. “International Drug Trafficking and Terrorism: Testimony before the
Senate Judiciary Committee Subcommittee on Technology, Terrorism, and
Government Information.” US State Department. 13 Mar. 2002. Accessed at
http://www.state.gov/g/inl/rls/rm/2002/9239.htm. Accessed on 7 Aug. 2004.
“Narco-terror: The Worldwide Connection between Drugs and Terror: Congressional
Testimony by Rand Beers, Assistant Secretary of International Narcotics and Law
Enforcement Affairs and Francis X. Taylor, Ambassador-at-large for Counter-
terrorism.” US State Department. 13 Mar. 2002. Accessed at
http://www.state.gov/g/inl/rls/rm/2002//8743.htm. Accessed on 7 Aug. 2004.
Tuesday March 28
The Money
1. Levi, Michael. 2002. “Money Laundering and Its Regulation.” Annals of the
American Academy of Political and Social Science. 582, 1: 181-94.
2. Van der Veen, Hans. 2003. “Taxing the Drug Trade: Coercive Exploitation and the
Financing of Rule.” Crime, Law and Social Change. 40, 4: 349-390.
3. Mares, Ch. 6 “Money Laundering: Money Makes the World Go Round”
4. Wechsler, William F. 2001. “Follow the Money” Foreign Affairs, v. 80, iss. 4, pp. 40-
57

RECOMMENDED
1. Introduction, Ch1-2. In Scott, Peter Dale and Jonathan Marshall. 1991. Drugs
Armies and the CIA in Central America. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Thursday March 30
Decriminalization
1. Reinarman, Craig, Peter D. A. Cohen and Hendrien L. Kaal. “The Limited Relevance
of Drug Policy: Cannabis in Amsterdam and in San Francisco.” American Journal of
Public Health. 94, 5: 836-42.
2. Husak, Douglas. 2003. “Drug Legalization.” Criminal Justice Ethics. 22, 1: 21-29.
3. Sher, George. 2003. “On the Decriminalization of Drugs.” Criminal Justice Ethics.
22, 1: 30-33.
4. Miron, Jeffrey A. 2001. “The Economics of Drug Prohibition and Drug
Legalization.” Social Research 68(3): 835-854.

RECOMMENDED
van Het Loo, Mirjam, Ineke van Beusekom and James P. Kahan. 2002.
“Decriminalization of Drug Use in Portugal: The Development of a Policy.” Annals
of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 582, 1: 49-63.
Joffe, Alain and Samuel W. Yancy. 2004. “Legalization of Marijuana: Potential Impact
on Youth.” Pediatrics. 113, 6: e632-9.
Lenton, Simon, Penny Heale, Rachel Humeniuk and Paul Christie. 2000. “Infringement
versus Conviction: The Social Impact of a Minor Cannabi Offence in South
Australia and Western Australia.” Drug and Alcohol Review. 19, 3: 257-64.
DiChiara, Albert and John F. Galliher. 1994. “Dissonance and Contradictions in the
Origins of Marihuana Decriminalization.” Law and Society Review. 28, 1: 41-
77.

Tuesday April 4
Harm Reduction:
1. Kleiman, Mark. 2001 “Toward Practical Drug Control Policies” Social Research.
68(3): 884-891.
2. Bollinger, L. 2002 “Recent developments regarding drug law and
policy in Germany and the European community: The evolution of
drug control in Europe” Journal of Drug Issues, 32 (2): 363-377.
3. Bammer, G. W., M. Hamilton and R. Ali. 2002. “Harm Minimization in a
Prohibition Context—Australia.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Science. 582, 1: 80-93.
4. Schecter, M. T. 2002. “Science, Ideology, and Needle Exchange Programs.” Annals
of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 582, 1: 94-101.
RECOMMENDED
Bergeron, H. and P. Kopp. 2002. “Policy Paradigms, Ideas and Interests: The Cause of
the French Public Health Policy toward Drug Abuse.” Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science. 582, 1: 37-48.
Laursen, L. and Jespen. 2002. “Danish Drug Policy—An Ambivalent Balance between
Repression and Welfare.” Annals o the American Academy of Political and Social
Science. 582, 1: 20-36.
Lenke, L. and B. Olsson. 2002. “Swedish Drug Policy in the Twenty-first Century: A
Policy Model Going Astray.” Annals o the American Academy of Political and
Social Science. 582, 1: 64-79.

Thursday April 6: Midterm

Tuesday April 11: Speaker (attendance will be taken) Foreign Service

Thursday April 13 Speaker (attendance will be taken) HS - INS

Tuesday April 18 Speaker (attendance will be taken) HS - Customs

Thursday April 20: Speaker (attendance will be taken) DEA

Thursday April 27: Paper Due 11:00 am in my office GR 3.528: Please note that
both the hard copy and an electronic copy (to turnitin.com) must be
submitted by 11:00 am.
Paper Topic

Paper Topic
Pick an approved topic. The paper should be seven to nine pages, excluding the
bibliography. Please note the papers that do not reflect adequate peer reviewed
research will receive no more than a C, regardless of the quality of the prose.

You must turn in a copy of your paper to me. In addition, you must submit the same
paper electronically to: http://turnitin.com/ BOTH COPIES MUST BE RECEIVED
BY THE DEADLINE.

Register and then log on to the class. The course number is 1422887 and the password is
coca. Your paper will receive a zero if it is not submitted by the deadline to turnitin.com.

Dr. Holmes’ Expectations for Papers

Format:
1. Use footnotes. (See The Chicago Manual of Style for details). A summary can be found at
http://www.libs.uga.edu/ref/chicago.html Use the documentary note style -not the author note system!!!
This is not the MLA form of citation. MLA citation is an author-date system. If using Microsoft word,
under the insert menu, choose reference and then footnote to automatically number the reference and
place it at the bottom of the page. The style is as follows:

Examples of footnotes:
1
David Stafford, Britain and European Resistance (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1980), 90.
2
James F. Powers, "Frontier Municipal Baths and Social Interaction in Thirteenth-Century Spain,"
American Historical Review 84 (June 1979): 655.

Bibliography:
Stafford, David. Britain and European Resistance. Toronto: University
of Toronto Press, 1980.
Powers, James F. "Frontier Municipal Baths and Social Interaction in Thirteenth-Century Spain."
American Historical Review 84 (June 1979): 649-67.

According to The Chicago Manual of Style, "the full reference of a note, as in a bibliographic entry, must
include enough information to enable the interested reader to find it in a library, though the form of the
note need not correspond precisely to that of the library catalog."1

2. Use a 12 point font.

3. The text should be typed, double spaced, and have one inch margins.
4. Do not add extra spaces between paragraphs.
5. Number the pages.
6. Include a title page with your name, course title, and date.
7. Include a bibliography.

Style:
1. Include an introduction and conclusion with appropriate outlines and summation of the main points
of your paper.
2. Use topic sentences in your paragraphs. (Please – no two sentence paragraphs or two page
paragraphs!)
3. Do not use a casual tone. (For example, do not use contractions such as “can’t,” “wouldn’t”, etc.)
4. Avoid speaking in the first person. (For example, “In this paper I will …”)
5. Spell check!

Sources:
1. Use multiple sources. Do not quote lecture notes.
2. You should have a combination of academic, peer reviewed books and journals as sources.
3. As a supplement only, you may use internet or conventional news sources (for example The
Economist or the New York Times). They should not constitute the core of your research.
4. Cite often. An overabundance of citations is always preferable to too few. Cite as if you want the
reader to be able to easily refer to your sources when you refer to facts, quotations, and
interpretations.
5. If someone else says it, you must give credit to him or her. If you repeat the author verbatim, you
must quote and cite the author. If you paraphrase his or her words, you must cite the author. Failure
to do this is plagiarism.

General Warning:
Scholastic dishonesty will severely punished. The student will be subject to university disciplinary
proceedings. The UTD Undergraduate Catalog defines scholastic dishonesty as the following:

1
1. Chicago Manual of Style, 13th ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1982), 487.
“Scholastic dishonesty includes, but is not limited to, statements, acts or omissions related to applications
for enrollment or the award of a degree, and/or the submission as one’s own work of material that is not
one’s own. As a general rule, scholastic dishonesty involves one of the following acts: cheating,
plagiarism, collusion and/or falsifying academic records.”
 Adapted from Duke university guidelines for writers,
AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
GATHERING RESEARCH MATERIAL

Take time to make careful choices among -- and learn to use -- the research tools available to you. You
will probably find that your favorite Web search engine is not adequate, by itself, for college-level
research. Consult with your professor or a librarian. You may need to use specialized research tools, some
of which may require learning new searching techniques.

Expect to make trips to the library. While you can access many of the library's resources from your home
computer, you may find that you need to make several trips to the library to use materials or research tools
that are not accessible remotely. Of course you will be seeking the best information, not settling for sources
simply because they happen to be available online.

Allow time for gathering materials that are not available at UTD. The Interlibrary Loan office can borrow
articles and books from other libraries, but this process takes additional time.
Allow time for reading, rereading, absorbing information, taking notes, synthesizing, and revising your
research strategy or conducting additional research as new questions arise.

TAKING NOTES

Sloppy note-taking increases the risk that you will unintentionally plagiarize. Unless you have taken
notes carefully, it may be hard to tell whether you copied certain passages exactly, paraphrased them, or
wrote them yourself. This is especially problematic when using electronic source materials, since they can
so easily be copied and pasted into your own documents.

Identify words that you copy directly from a source by placing quotation marks around them, typing
them in a different color, or highlighting them. (Do this immediately, as you are making your notes. Don't
expect to remember, days or weeks later, what phrases you copied directly.) Make sure to indicate the exact
beginning and end of the quoted passage. Copy the wording, punctuation and spelling exactly as it appears
in the original.

Jot down the page number and author or title of the source each time you make a note, even if you are
not quoting directly but are only paraphrasing.

Keep a working bibliography of your sources so that you can go back to them easily when it's time to
double-check the accuracy of your notes. If you do this faithfully during the note-taking phase, you will
have no trouble completing the "works cited" section of your paper later on.

Keep a research log. As you search databases and consult reference books, keep track of whatsearch
terms and databases you used and the call numbers and url's of information sources. This will help if you
need to refine your research strategy, locate a source a second time, or show your professor what works you
consulted in the process of completing the project.

DOCUMENTING SOURCES

You must cite direct quotes.

You must cite paraphrases. Paraphrasing is rewriting a passage in your own words. If you paraphrase a
passage, you must still cite the original source of the idea. For detailed examples and a discussion, see
Appropriate Uses of Sources.
You must cite ideas given to you in a conversation, in correspondence, or over email.

You must cite sayings or quotations that are not familiar, or facts that are not "common
knowledge." However, it is not necessary to cite a source if you are repeating a well known quote such as
Kennedy's "Ask not what your country can do for you . . .," or a familiar proverb such as "You can't judge
a book by its cover." Common knowledge is something that is widely known. For example, it is common
knowledge that Bill Clinton served two terms as president. It would not be necessary to cite a source for
this fact.

These types of sources should be
documented.
There is a common misconception
that only printed sources of
information, like books and magazine
articles, need to be formally cited. In
fact, audiovisual and electronic
sources -- even email messages --
must be documented as well, if you
use ideas or words from them in your
writing. Here are some examples of
the kinds of sources that should be
cited:
Printed sources: books, parts of books, magazine or journal
articles, newspaper articles, letters, diaries, public or private
documents.
Electronic sources: web pages, articles from e-journals,
newsgroup postings, graphics, email messages, software,
databases.
Images: works of art, illustrations, cartoons, tables, charts,
graphs.
Recorded or spoken material: course lectures, films, videos,
TV or radio broadcasts, interviews, public speeches,
conversations.