CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background
Since the ancient time until today, mankind has experienced growth
in every period of time passed. Human civilization has progressed until now.
During development, humans live a life dependent on farming and
agriculture. With the life orientation, human beings always try to maintain
and preserve the environment as well as possible in order to maintain the
continuity of human life as well.
And in time, human development has experienced the industrial
revolution, human life is dependent on the fields of industry. With life
orientation, the agricultural world was slowly deteriorated. The values of
human life underwent a change, especially in human interaction with the
environment. The changes that occurred resulted in both positive and negative
impacts.
One effect of the industrial revolution has happened and still
continues at the present time in the life and human civilization is its impact on
the existing environment around the man himself. Expansion efforts made by
industry players such as the construction of factories and manufacturing
production with a large capacity to the exclusion of concern for its impact on
the environment are slowly but surely have resulted in omissions, which in
turn will harm the environment in which human lives and human lives.
Environmental experts have found indications of the biggest
impacts on the environment and the global world due to efforts by industry
and has grown this fast. This negative impact is warming the world and often

Page 1 of 18

referred to as Global Warming. However, the problem of global warming as

an environmental issue is still debated its truth by several parties who thinks
Global Warming is a reason that was created to limit the rate of industrial
growth. Although there is still debate about the truth of the Global Warming
situation among experts that environment, but the problem of Global
Warming is not be denied to be researched and explored further in the
continuity of human life.
For that, a paper that made this will show and explain the truth
about this global warming problem with studies based on literature from
various sources of reliable and competent. Discussion and explanation which
would be reviewed from the perspective of those pros and cons of the party.
This paper will present the facts which reinforce the existence of this global
warming problem.

1.2 Goal
General purpose of the holding of this research is to determine the
extent to which global warming is already happening and why.
All this is still a question for humans because until now still not
getting the exact cause of global warming and man also wanted to seek the
truth about the effects of global warming that will be experienced by humans
or living beings and the impact on the environment.
If global warming is happening, then the effects are not only
experienced by humans, but also all living things around it, increasing the
temperature at Earth's surface causing drought, thus the result of this drought
than experienced by humans are also animals and plants where the plants will
be wilting due to water shortages and so forth.

Page 2 of 18

Therefore, through this research is expected to reduce human

activities that can contribute to global warming, such as holding greenhouse
activities, combustion of substances that can cause temperatures at Earth's
surface increases, and others.

CHAPTER 2

DISCUSSION
2.1 Understanding Global Warming
Understanding of global warming is increasing the Earth's average
temperature as a result of the accumulation of heat in the atmosphere caused by
the Greenhouse Effect. Green house gas effect are found in Earth's atmosphere
that works similar to a greenhouse that serves to hold the hot sun in it for the
temperature inside the greenhouse remains warm, so the plants in it too will be
able to grow well because it has a pretty hot sun. The heat from the earth that
should be reflected back into space, held back by the greenhouse gases contained
in the atmosphere. These gases include carbon dioxide and methane.
Global warming is the increasing incidence of the average
temperature of the atmosphere, ocean and land earth. At this time the earth is
Page 3 of 18

warming rapidly. According to meteorological experts, during the last hundred

years, the average temperature has increased from 15oC to 15.6oC. More accurate
measurement results by the meteorological station data and satellite measurements
since 1957, showed that the ten warmest years occurred after 1980, the three
hottest years occurred after 1990. Quantitatively, the value of changes in Earth's
average temperature is small but the impact is remarkable for the environment.
The main cause of global warming is the burning of fossil fuels, like coal,
petroleum and natural gas, which release carbon dioxide and other gases such as
methane, Chlorine, Sulfur and so forth. The release of these gases has caused the
emergence of a phenomenon called the Greenhouse Effect (green house effect).

The greenhouse effect occurs because the gases are released from
the burning of fossil fuels is like a greenhouse. Greenhouse gases are passed
shortwave radiation from the sun's radiation, but will hold the reflection of solar
radiation, which after reaching the surface of the earth, transformed into long
wave radiation. During the sun shines, there will be accumulation of radiation so
that the temperature inside the greenhouse will be more heat.

2.2 CAUSES OF GLOBAL EVENT WARMING

Greenhouse Effect
Global warming (global warming) is basically a
fenomenapeningkatan global temperature from year to year because of the
greenhouse effect (greenhouse effect) caused by increased greenhouse gas
emissions. The literature shows increasing global temperatures - including
Page 4 of 18

Indonesia - which occurs in the range of 1.5 to 40 Celsius by the end of the
21st century.
These gases absorb and reflect back the radiation waves emitted by the
Earth and consequently the heat is stored in the Earth's surface. This
happens repeatedly and result in annual average temperature of the earth
continues to rise. These gases function as glass in a greenhouse. With the
increasing concentration of these gases in the atmosphere, the more heat is
trapped underneath. Actually, this greenhouse effect is needed by all living
things on earth, because without it, this planet will become very cold. So
the ice will cover the entire surface of the Earth. However, due to the
amount of these gases have been excessive in the atmosphere, global
warming consequences.

Solar Variation
There is a hypothesis which states that the variation of the Sun,
with a possibility reinforced by feedback from clouds, can contribute to
current warming. The difference between this mechanism with the
warming due to greenhouse effect is the increased activity of the Sun
would heat the stratosphere reverse the greenhouse effect will cool the
stratosphere. Cooling the lower stratosphere has been observed at least
since 1960, which will not occur when the solar activity becomes the
major contributor to the current warming. (Depletion of the ozone layer
can also provide the cooling effect but the depletion occurred from the late
1970s.) Phenomenon Solar variation combined with volcanoes probably

Page 5 of 18

had given the warming effect from pre-industrial times until 1950, and the
cooling effect since 1950 .

Impact of Global Warming

Increasing global temperature is expected to cause changes in
other-perubahanyang such as increasing the intensity of extreme weather
phenomena weather, tinggipermukaan sea water, loss of beaches,
agriculture, wildlife and kesehatanmanusia.
Scientists predict that during global warming, the area of Utaradari
Northern Hemisphere (Northern Hemisphere) will heat up more than
daerahdaerahlain on Earth. As a result, icebergs will melt and the mainland
akanmengecil. Will be less ice will float in the waters of the North.
Daerahdaerahyang previously experienced light snow, may not be
mengalaminyalagi.
In the mountains in subtropical areas, snow-covered section would
semakinsedikit and will melt faster. Planting season will be longer in
beberapaarea. Temperatures in the winter and at night would tend to warm
untukmeningkat.Daerah will become more humid as more water
evaporates darilautan. Scientists have not been so sure whether the
humidity is even akanmeningkatkan or reduce the warming even further.
This disebabkankarena water vapor is a greenhouse gas, so that its
presence will meningkatkanefek insulation in the atmosphere.
However, the water vapor cloud akanmembentuk also more than ever, so it
will reflect light mataharikembali into space, where this will reduce the
high pemanasan.Kelembaban process will increase rainfall, on average,
Page 6 of 18

about 1% to each degree Fahrenheit warming. (Rainfall in the entire world

telahmeningkat by 1 percent in the last hundred years.) The storm will be
lebihsering. In addition, the water will evaporate more quickly from the
soil.
As a result some daeraakan become drier than before. Winds will blow
harder danmungkin with different patterns. Cyclonic storm (hurricane) that
memperolehkekuatannya of evaporation of water, will be larger.
Denganpemanasan opposite happens, some periods of very cold weather
may be terjadi.Pola become unpredictable and more extreme.
High Surface high LautPerubahan average sea level measured from the
area with stabilsecara environmental geology. As the atmosphere warms,
the ocean surface layer also akanmenghangat, so that its volume will
expand and raise the height permukaanlaut. Warming will also melt much
glacier ice, especially around Greenland, which further increase the
volume of water in the sea. Sea surface height in the entire world
telahmeningkat 10-25 cm (4-10 inches) during the 20th century, and
scientists IPCCmemprediksi further increase 9-88 centimeters (4-35
inches) in the 21st century.
Changes in sea level will greatly affect the lives of at daerahpantai.
Increase of 100 cm (40 inches) would drown 6 percent Dutch region,
17.5% area of Bangladesh, and many islands. Erosion of cliffs, beaches,
and bukitpasir will increase. When the high seas to reach the mouth of the
river, flooding due to water

Page 7 of 18

pairs will increase in daratan.Negara-rich countries will spend huge funds

for melindungidaerah shorelines, while poor countries may only be
melakukanevakuasi from the coastal region. Even a modest rise in sea
level will sangatmempengaruhi coastal ecosystems. Increase of 50 cm (20
inches) will menenggelamkanseparuh of coastal marshes in the United
States. New marshes also akanterbentuk, but not in urban areas and areas
that have been built. Kenaikanmuka sea would cover much of the Florida
Everglades.
In addition to the existence of global warming sea surface temperatures
become lebihhangat, thus increasing the pressure on marine ecosystems
such as coral reefs and white yangmenjadi. In this process melepaskas
corals and algae that provides food color on the reef, so the corals turn
white and die.
Increased water temperatures also helped spread diseases that
sangatmempengaruhi living creatures in the sea-creatures.
Agricultural One might assume that a warmer Earth would produce
lebihbanyak food as before, but it is actually not the same in
beberapatempat. Southern Canada, for example, probably will get
keuntungandari higher rainfall and more length of planting.
On the other hand, semi-arid tropical agricultural land in some parts
Afrikamungkin can not grow. Desert agricultural areas that use water
irigasidari distant mountains may suffer if the snowpack (snow collection)
a cold, which serves as a natural reservoir, will melt before the peak

Page 8 of 18

bulanbulanmasa tanam.Tanaman able to experience food and forest insect

and disease yanglebih great.
Animals and Plants. Animals and plants become difficult to avoid the
creature hidupyang this warming effect because most of the land
telahdikuasai humans. In global warming, animals tend to migrate towards
the poles or into the mountains. Plants will change the direction of its
growth, finding new areas because of habitat becomes too hangat.Akan
length, however, human development will prevent this movement.
Species that migrate to the north or south blocked by the cities or
agricultural lands may be dead. Some types of species that tidakmampu
quickly move toward the poles may also be destroyed. Beberapaspesies
very difficult to survive in their habitat now. Some can not tanamanbunga
winter flowering without experiencing a truly human activity has
complicated dingin.Dan plants and animals for his new mencapaihabitat
not even make it possible for plants and animals untukmencari new
habitats.
Health Manusia.Di warmer world, scientists predict that more people
yangterkena disease or die from heat stress. Biasaditemukan disease
outbreaks in the tropics, such as diseases caused by mosquitoes and other
disease-carrying animals, will be more widespread because they can move
kedaerah previously too cold for them. Currently, 45 percent of the
population duniatinggal in areas where they might get bitten by
mosquitoes carrying the malaria parasite; that percentage will increase to

Page 9 of 18

60 percent if temperatures rise.

Other tropical diseases also can be spread like malaria, sepertidemam
dengue, yellow fever, and encephalitis.
The scientists also memprediksimeningkatnya incidence of allergies and
respiratory diseases due to more air pollutants hangatakan reproduce, mold
spores and pollen. Jugameningkat skin cancer. Persistent heat wave can
cause disease dankematian. Floods and droughts increase hunger and lack
of nutrition. Gejalayang very clearly visible from global warming is
changing climate. For example, heavy rains are still often comes despite
entering the month that should sudahterhitung dry season.
According to estimates, in the last 30 years the turn of the dry season to
season
rainy continue to shift, and now almost a month away at odds of
keadaannormal.Serangkaian natural disasters in recent years such as
floods, forest fires, landslides, droughts, massive erosion all
berhubungandengan severity kita.Kebakaran forest condition caused by
forest concessions and plantations have been crowned
Indonesia as the country's largest greenhouse gas emitters third in the
world, "Indonesia deserves shame for being the 3rd largest country in the
world sebagaipenyumbang greenhouse gases from forest fires and burning
of peatland forests yangdiubah to residential or industrial. If we can not
menyelamatkanhutan from now, it is estimated that just 5 years will be
depleted forests in Sumatra, Borneo's forests 10tahun again discharged,

Page 10 of 18

and 15 years from now the whole forest in Indonesiatidak will remain and
that's when we all can no longer breathe clean air.
Other impacts:
Loss of various types of biological diversity
Increased frequency and intensity of rain storms, hurricanes, and
floods
Melting of polar ice and glaciers in
Increased number of potential dry land into desert because of
prolonged drought
Increase in sea level causing extensive flooding. In the year 2100 is
estimated sea levels rise by 15-95 cm.
Increase in sea water temperatures cause coral bleaching (coral
bleaching) and damage to coral reefs around the world.
Increased frequency of forest fires.
Spread of tropical diseases, like malaria, into new areas because of
the increasing population of insects (mosquitoes).
Certain areas become crowded and congested due to refugee flows.
2.3 Global Warming Solutions
1.
Winter heating
Winter heating, the next largest component, is addressed throug high efficience
furnaces, ductwork mitigation (in remodel, retrofit), passive solar, winter sun,.
summer shading, insulation, solar thermal hot air
systems, and solar thermal hot water heater systems.
In California, with Governor Schwarzeneggers new Bioenergy
initiative, soon there will be a market for recycled pellet fuels in zero
emission furnaces like those presently in use in Europe for home
heating and domestic water heating.
These sustainable fuels will replace natural gas in the future as fuel
becomes more plentiful in the U.S. Over 30 million homes use
Page 11 of 18

recycled biomass fuel pellets in Europe at this time. This is saving

billions of cubic feet of gas and emission per year. The fuel is from
the waste stream and is a sustainable resource.
2.

Appliances

We advocate a concept utilizing Smart Electrons. Technology is

advancing now so rapidly that every 3-4 years the efficiency of
equipment improves by 30% to 50%. At the high cost of energy it
makes sense to evaluate your appliances every 5 years and see if it is
cost effective to change them especially if you are contemplating
adding an energy intensive appliance like a pool, portable Jacuzzi, etc.
As part of our system we evaluate all electric and gas appliances and
choose the appropriate high efficiency appliances that meets the
clients aesthetic and design criteria.
Energy Star appliances are from 25% to 300% more efficient than
conventional appliances. These Energy Star appliances and efficient
HVAC equipment each allow more useful work to be done for each
kilowatt of electricity used. This is what we call using Smart Electrons
.
3.

Parasitic Loads

Examples of parasitic loads are electronics and appliances that use

power when they are not doing any useful work. Televisions, satellite
receivers, computers, printers, faxes, routers, Instahots, water coolers,
ice machines, are a few devices that use power when they are in an

Page 12 of 18

idle mode. We have a number of effective techniques for reducing and

eliminating parasitic loads.
A bill is in the California legislature to require manufacturers to
declare parasitic loads (also known as Vampires), and to eliminate
them by 2010. This would not be difficult but it would require an
extra microprocessor or a programmable on/off function.
For now, we have methods to give the client choice as to when they
use equipment to cut parasitic loads by 50% to 100%.
4.

Water Heating

Water is a silent and largely overlooked major energy component.

We advocate use of solar thermal energy for domestic hot water in
conjunction with water efficiency devices that circulate water rather
than wasting it down the drain while we wait for it to become hot.
For back up when solar thermal is not sufficient we use 90% efficient
hybrid water heaters. We also advocate new heat recovery systems
that take hot water from shower drains and use it to preheat cold water
on the input side of the water heater. These systems could save 10% to
15% of energy use during high demand periods.
In the future biomass-pelletized fuel will be a sustainable, recycled
energy source for home hot water heating and other home and
community power needs. These systems are in extensive use in
Europe now. These are highly efficient systems with very low to zero
emissions.

Page 13 of 18

Water is a precious commodity and has a large energy component in

its acquisition transporting and purification. We advocate low flow
toilets, showerheads, and all the Energy Star appliances that have a
much smaller water resource impact.
5.

Exterior Landscape

We recommend microclimate specific landscaping xeroscaping and

natives for our Southern California environs. For fruit trees and
gardens, composting, drip irrigation, night watering, rain sensors, and
moisture level sensing are recommended. Integrated pest management
and organic methods are recommended to reduce or eliminate carbon
footprint from petrol products.
Pool heating and therapy pools can be heated very easily with solar
thermal. The season can be extended by 1 to 2 months. Efficient
two-speed or variable speed pumps and designs including pool covers
for heat, water, and chemical conservation is essential.Fountains and
water features should be timed for daytime use nighttime off.
6.

Cooking and Food Preparation

Use low impact gas and electric appliances that are Energy Star rated.
Ceramic design, convection and advanced high efficient designs are
recommended.
7.

Solar PV Power

Energy from the sun reaches the earths surface in an abundance that
is so great that is surpasses our entire annual electrical demand every
Page 14 of 18

second.
This raw energy is in part captured by living plants, which use the
process of natural photosynthesis to convert that energy into usable
power for their growth. Plants store much of that energy as oil seed
and are sometimes harvested for the purpose of extracting the oil for
use in human industry as ethanol and biodiesel.
Solar Photovoltaic power, PV, is an artificial way for humans to use
the energy of the sun by converting it into electricity with solar panels
and laminates.
The process of creating photovoltaic devices and installing them
requires a significant upfront cost. By using Solar PV though, the
owners are actually prepaying their electricity as a hedge against the
staggering growth of cost in money, pollution, and green house
emissions produced from electricity otherwise purchased off the grid.
With prop design, scale, and warranty, todays clean PV systems will
displace those costs during the useful lifetime of the installation.
We know that the upfront monetary cost solar PV power can be
brought down by scaling the amount of panels needed after energy
efficient improvements are made in the property, which reduces the
amount of work the PV system will have to do. It is less expensive to
reduce each watt of demand than it is to create a watt of generation.
8.

Hybrid Plug in Vehicles- Alternate Fuels

Hybrid plug in electric vehicles are an essential part of the global

Page 15 of 18

warming solution. This is especially true when plug-ins are charged

by locally produced energy from Solar PV systems, which eliminates
Global Warming gas emissions caused by fuels burned by the utilities
to produce electricity on the grid.
The second essential part of this solution is use of locally produced
alternative fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol from local recycled
home cooking oils, local produce waste, recycled home waste etc.
Homes should be designed to anticipate these new applications.
9.

Recycling in the Home

It is important to make the residences recycling friendly. Recycling

home cooking oils, paper, plastic, compost green waste, and metals
should have a sanitary simple drop style system this is advocated for
all homes. This will lower impact on the sewerage system and landfill.
Disposal and reduction of solid waste is an important Global Warming
solution.
Recycling of gray water, collecting it in a tank and oxygenating and
recycling onto suitably acceptable plantings is a high value solution.

Page 16 of 18

CHAPTER III

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

3.1

CONCLUSION

Global warming has become a problem that became the focus of mankind. Another
phenomenon is not caused by man's own actions and their impact suffered by human
beings. To cope with global warming take a very hard business because it is almost
impossible to be resolved at this time. Global warming is indeed difficult to
overcome, but we can reduce the effect. Combating this is our awareness of life on
earth in the future. If we have been instilling this love the earth, global warming is
only a dark history that ever happened on this earth.

3.2

ADVICE

Life began from life on earth long before the creatures living there. Therefore
to maintain and preserve this earth must be a few decades if we think about it.
Up on one side where the earth was old and begging for us to maintain and
melstarikannya. Let us work hand royang to save the earth which has given us
this perfect life. Stop global warming.

Page 17 of 18

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Randle,Damian.1993.Natural Resources.New York:Thomson Lerning
Websites
HTTP://NEWS.BBC.CO.UK
HTTP://WWW.GOOGLE.COM

Page 18 of 18