Professional Documents
Culture Documents
COURSE OUTLINE
1. Introduction
2. Architectural Design Theory
3. Esquisse
4. Building Economics
5. Building Utilities
6. Approaches and Strategies
7. Simulated Board Exam
ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
- it is the translation of an abstract solution to a
real, tangible and concrete solution
- it is the optimum and better solution which must
approximate the pre-set solution of the examiner
- it must involve the judicious use of design tools in
developing the solution within:
a. parameters / constraints
b. circumstances
c. environmental conditions
: must be conserve
: must be protected
: must be included in the design solution
RULES
1. Individual drawing implements and drawing boards
- triangles
- compass
- pencils
- magic, masking, scotch tapes
- rubber band
- drawing board with straight edge
2.
3.
4.
- erasing shield
- scissors
- protractors
- french curve
- 2 sets of sign pens varying in points
- circular template
- optional coloring materials
- cutters
- ballpens
- erasers (different types)
- liquid paper
- scale
- watch
PRC will provide tracing paper with official seal
Drawing Grids
- preset grids, but to be shown to the proctor
Not allowed!
- no color
- no people or human figures
- no vehicles even triangle representation on plans
- no electronic equipment
- no scientific or programmable calculators, only
simple scientific calculator is allowed
- no references
TOOLS
1. Drawing implements
2. Codes Building Codes
3. Building Standards
4. Vocabulary
ARCHITECTURAL CONVENTION
1. Lettering
-simple gothic, upright and all caps
-text : 4mm in height
-title : 8-10mm
-sub-titles : 6-8mm
2. Lines
-construction lines or guide lines
-final lines
-dimension lines
-masculine/feminine lines
3. Each drawing must have title and scale and north
orientation
-orientation must always upward! on site
development plan
-on plans refer to main entrance of structures
Notes:
Acconometric Drawing
- another type of aerial perspective
Berthing
- term for parking at water
Notes:
Marina
- luxurious facilities for water vessels
- yatch
- fine dining : luxurious eating place
Condominium
- high-rise residential buildings
- luxurious
- with elevators to make it more luxurious than
townhouse
- can be bought but original lot remains to the owner
Townhouse
- can be bought
- horizontal residential structures
- can be leased (long term)
Apartment
- not more than 10 units
- rented (short term payment)
- usually two storey and for rent
Rowhouse
- can accommodate a full length of block
Tenements
- an apartment that is not more than 4 storeys
Apartelle
- fully furnish with equipments (such as food, beds)
while apartment will be provided by the tenants
Condotelle
- rented by other person to the owner of the room
wherein the owner of the room rented it to the owner
of building
Hotel
- rented area provided with room and comfort room
and other facilities will be common areas
Motel
- rented area with room, comfort room and garage
(motorist hotel)
Garage
- enclosed with walls, roof and door and facilities for
repairs
Carport
- with roof and columns
Parking Slot
- compose of lines and has no enclosure at all
Notes:
Assume 1-1/2 hours to finish every sheet
Consider facing
a.
b.
c.
Notes:
Stairs cutting line
-7th and 8th steps
THINGS TO DO IN PREPARATION FOR DESIGN EXAM
1. practice drafting technique
2. multiple deadline time management
3. composition
- sheets must be clean
- clear, use acceptable architectural symbols
and architectural conventions
- respect margins
PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
Dimension
Contrast
Variety
Proportion
Measurements
Scale
Fixed Proportions
Equilibrium
Balance
Gravitation
a. Formal balance
b. Informal
balance
Physical
Rhythm
Movement
Manifestation
Unity
Order / Harmony
Character
Expression
CONTRAST OF LINES
Masculine Lines bold, dark, straight, strong lines
Feminine Lines soft, fragile, thin, curve lines
1. Residential
: feminine;
informal
2. Institutional
a. government buildings
: masculine;
formal
b. health care
: masculine;
formal
3. Industrial
: masculine;
formal
4. Commercial
: feminine;
informal
5. Recreational
a. active
: masculine;
formal
b. passive
: feminine:
informal
6. Religious
: masculine; formal
7. Education
: masculine;
formal
UNITY
1.
2.
4.
CHARACTER
- manifested external expression of internal qualities
d. road runner
- used in computing the length of the road
determine the buildable area (BA)
FA = BA x No. of storeys
saleable area (SA)
SA = FA - common area (35%)
plate requirements / components
code requirements
- BP 344 (accessibility law)
a. site development
- parking allocation (for disabled
- curb-cut-outs
- ramps (1:12)
b. structure
- comfort room
- corridor (1.50 meters)
- stairs
- fire exits
- ventilation
heights
a. naturally ventilated
b. artificially ventilated
- 1 storey
- 2 to 4 storeys
- 5 to infinity storeys (high-rise)
structure
a. superstructure
b. substructure
- in every five floors correspond to one
basement
BILL OF MATERIALS
1. materials
x
2. labor
35-40% of x
direct cost = A
3. equipment
20% of A
4. margin of profit
30% of A
5. overhead
15% of A
(ballpen, bond papers, gas, secretary, etc.)
6. contingency
10-15% of A
(allowance, wastage) : paid by contractor
7. bonds and insurances
10-30% of A
8. miscellaneous
15-20% of A
construction cost + AE = project cost
UTILITIES
1. water supply
2. waste water
3. sewage
4. electricity
5. lighting
6. mechanical
7. intelligent system
locations of utilities is outside.
a. utility company
b. users
c. intermediary treatment
horizontal
Note:
Utilities
step-down transformer : 220V to 110V
step-up transformer : 110V to 220V
water tanks
RESIDENTIALS
- (informal) feminine
1. multi-storey : 4 storey and below
2. multi-family
3. utilities are shared or common areas
4. orientation:
work west
rest east
5. clusters
45 meters: maximum length of corridor
GOVERNMENT BUILDINGS
- basically linear and rectangular in plan
1. formal (masculine)
2. multi-storey
3. linear development
4. flag pole / assembly area
HOSPITAL
1. users
a. patients
b. medical practioner
c. visitors
2. activities
3. high rise
4. separate out-patient
5. philippine heart center, example
RECREATIONAL
gyms
1. users
a. players
playcourts
b. officials
rooms
c. spectators
bleachers
2. playcourts
3. unobstructed view
- less column with the gym
track oval
1. track and field
2. track and soccer
resort
1. feature
2. amenities
3. operation system
COMMERCIAL
1. one-stop-shop
- all ages accommodated
2. flagship store
- usually department store
- concessions : barbershop, boutiques, etc
3. magnet nodes
4. parking
5. theme activities
ECUMENICAL
1. all religion
- no symbols of particular religion
2. celebrants place (altar)
- congregation
EDUCATION
1. classroom
2. 1 teacher = 40-50 students
(1 sqm/person + circulation)
3. standard module 7m x 9m
4. flagpole / quadrangle
5. laboratories / libraries / admin / pe
6. parking
7. canteen
TERMINALS
international
domestic
Ok : cargo
Ok
Sea
Land
X
Ok
Ok
Ok
Air
domestic
a. lounge, passenger
b. offices
c. reception
d. hygiene facilities
international
a. lounge, passenger
b. offices
c. reception
d. hygiene facilities
e. customs
f. immigration