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History of PrePre-stressed Concrete

1886
First Patent for Prestressed Concrete
(P.H. Jackson of San Francisco)

1928
Modern Development of Prestressed Concrete
(E. Freyssinet of France )

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Idea of PrePre-stressed Concrete

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Idea of PrePre-stressed Concrete

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Idea of PrePre-stressed Concrete

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Types of Prestressed Concrete

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PRE TENSIONING

Steel tendons are stressed prior to concrete

placement, usually at a precast plant remote
from the construction site

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POST TENSIONING

Steel tendons are

stressed after the
concrete has been
placed and gained
sufficient strength
at the construction
site

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STRANDS / TENDONS

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BONDED TENDONS
Can be more costly due to duct placement & grouting
Force transmitted by anchors and bond to concrete
Greater total force can be applied
Strain compatibility with concrete
Openings less difficult
Minimizes need for nonnon-prestressed reinforcement
More complex stressing equipment required

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UNBONDED TENDONS
Economical
Greater layout flexibility
Force transmitted solely by the anchors
Total force limited by anchor spacing
Replaceable
Simple stressing equipment

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Main Applications of Prestressed Concrete

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Main Applications of Prestressed Concrete

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Main Applications of Prestressed Concrete

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Main Advantages of Post Tension Floors
Functional
Large Cantilevers
Long economical spans
Flexibility in Column Layout
Effective use of high strength materials
P/T slab is typically 30%
30% thinner

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Main Advantages of Post Tension Floors
Economical
Effective use of high strength materials
P/T slab is typically 30%
30% thinner
Forms are removed in 2-3 days not in 21 to 28
day as for rebar Concrete
Significantly reduces amount of reinforcement
Typically need about 50%
50% of crew

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Main Advantages of Post Tension Floors
Technical
Deflection and vibration control
Long--term creep problems are virtually
Long
eliminated by load balancing
Moment of inertia approaches Igross
Crack control and waterwater-tightness

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PT Slab Vs RC Slab
Slab Thickness
Typical Span/Depth
Floor System
P/T

RC

One way slabs

48

21-28

Two-way slabs

45

33

Two-way slabs with drop

panels

50

36

(minimum drop panel L/6 each way)

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PT Slab Vs RC Slab
Span Cost Relation

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PT Slab Vs RC Slab
Cost Breakdown

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Common Systems of PT Slabs
Solid Slab

One Way Slabs

Two Way Slabs

Flat Slabs

Flat Plates
Flat Slab With Drop

Waffle Slabs

One Way Joists

Two Way Waffle Slab

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One Way Systems

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Two Way Systems

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Banded & Waffle Slabs

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Construction of PT Slabs
Shuttering

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Construction of PT Slabs
Laying of Bottom Reinforcement

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Construction of PT Slabs
Laying of Tendons & Laying of Top Reinforcement

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Construction of PT Slabs
Concrete Casting

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Construction of PT Slabs
Stressing of Strands

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Construction of PT Slabs
Stressing of Strands
INITIAL

FINAL

At 25
25%
% of Concrete
Strength

At 70
70%
% of Concrete
Strength

About 24 hours from

casting

About 72 hours from

casting

Shutter is removed
and
props
are
installed

Anchors are finished

and shutter can be
removed

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Construction of PT Slabs
Measurement of Elongation

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Construction of PT Slabs
Stressing Report
Measured elongation needs to be within 7% of
calculated value
Per code, for tendons outside the 7%, the EOR
shall ascertain and correct the problem.
problem. What
to do? DeDe-Tension / Re
Re--Tension?
Elongation records shall be sent to the engineer
by next working day after stressing
Elongations shall be approved or rejected
within three working days after stressing

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Construction of PT Slabs
Finishing of Tendon Ends

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Outlines of Design Procedure
Selection of Initial Slab Thickness

Determination of the Amount of PrePre-Stressing

Serviceability Calculations (Deflection, Vibration)
Limit State Calculations (Stresses)
Calculation of bonded reinforcement
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Selection of Initial Thickness

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Amount of Prestressing
Minimum P/A =0.9

ACI

Maximum spacing of tendons is six times the slab thickness.

Prestressing always provide an uplift to overcome 6060-90 percent

of dead loads

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Amount of Prestressing

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wb L2
P=
8h

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Amount of Prestressing

wbx =

Ly

Lx + Ly
4

wbx Lx
Px =
8hx

Py =

wbx Lx
y

8hy

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4
4

wb

Lx
wby =
wb
4
4
Ly + Lx

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Amount of Prestressing

=1.0 for 4 edges continuous or discontinuous

=1.0 for 2 adjacent edges discontinuous
=2.0 for 1 long edge discontinuous
=0.5 for 1 short edge discontinuous
=2.5 for 2 long and 1 short edges discontinuous
=0.4 for 2 short and 1 long edges discontinuous
=5.0 for 2 long edges discontinuous
=0.2 for 2 short edges discontinuous